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Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Ethics
Theory and
Contemporary Issues
Ninth Edition

Barbara MacKinnon
University of San Francisco, Professor of Philosophy, Emerita

Andrew Fiala
California State University, Fresno, Professor of Philosophy

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues, © 2018, 2015, 2012 Cengage Learning
Ninth Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
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 Contents

Preface ix Ethics, Religion, and Divine

History of Ethics Time Line xiii Command Theory 25
Pluralism and the Golden Rule 28
The Problem of Evil and Free
Part One ETHICAL THEORY 1
Will 29
Secular Ethics and Toleration 31
—1— Ethics and Ethical Criticisms of Secularism and Global
Reasoning 1 Ethics 32
Why Study Ethics? 1 READING Euthyphro • Plato 35
What Is Ethics? 2 Letter to a Christian Nation • SAM
HARRIS 38
Ethical and Other Types
Religion and Truth • Mohandas K.
of Evaluation 3 Gandhi 39
Sociobiology and the Naturalistic
Fallacy 5 Review Exercises 42
Ethical Terms 6
Ethics and Reasons 7 —3— Ethical Relativism 44
Intuitionism, Emotivism,
Subjectivism, Objectivism 7 Descriptive versus Normative
Ethical Reasoning and Ethical Relativism 45
Arguments 9 Individual versus Cultural
The Structure of Ethical Reasoning Relativism 46
and Argument 9 Strong and Weak Relativism 47
Evaluating and Making Good Reasons Supporting Ethical
Arguments 10 Relativism 48
Ethical Theory 11 The Diversity of Moral Views 48
Types of Ethical Theory 12 Tolerance and
Can Ethics Be Taught? 13 Open-Mindedness 48
Moral Uncertainty 48
READING Ethical Judgments and Matters of Situational Differences 48
Fact • David Hume 14
Emotivism and Ethics • Are These Reasons
C. L. Stevenson 15 Convincing? 49
Review Exercises 19 The Diversity of Moral Views 49
Tolerance and
Open-Mindedness 50
—2— Religion and Global Moral Uncertainty 50
Ethics 20 Situational Differences 50
Is Relativism
Freedom, Cosmopolitanism, and the Self-Contradictory? 51
European Enlightenment 22 Moral Realism 52
Religion, Civic Life, and Civil Moral Pluralism 53
Disobedience 24

iii ❮❮

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iv CONTENTS

READING Who’s to Judge? • Louis Pojman 55 —6— Deontological Ethics and

Relativism and Its Benefits • John Immanuel Kant 114
Lachs 62
Review Exercises 67 Deontology and the Ethics of
Duty 115
Immanuel Kant 117
—4— Egoism, Altruism, and the What Is the Right Motive? 117
Social Contract 68 What Is the Right Thing to Do? 118
Psychological Egoism 71 The Categorical Imperative 119
What Is Psychological Egoism? 71 The First Form 120
Is Psychological Egoism True? 72 The Second Form 121
Ethical Egoism 73 Evaluating Kant’s Moral
Theory 122
What Is Ethical Egoism? 73
Is Ethical Egoism a Good The Nature of Moral
Theory? 73 Obligation 122
The Social Contract 75 The Application of the Categorical
Imperative 122
The Moral Point of View 76 Duty 123
Why Be Moral? 77 Moral Equality and Impartiality 123
READING The Ring of Gyges • Plato 79 Perfect and Imperfect Duties 124
Self Love • Thomas Hobbes 85 Variations on Kant and
The Social Contract and Deontology 125
Altruism • Steven Pinker 88
READING Fundamental Principles of the
Review Exercises 92 Metaphysic of Morals • Immanuel
Kant 126
—5— Utilitarianism Review Exercises 137
and John Stuart Mill 93
Weighing Consequences 95 —7— Natural Law and Human
Historical Background 96 Rights 138
Jeremy Bentham and John Natural Law Theory 140
Stuart Mill 96 Historical Origins 141
The Principle of Utility 97 Evaluating Natural Law
Pleasure and Happiness 97 Theory 143
Calculating the Greatest Amount of Natural Rights 145
Happiness 98 Evaluating Natural Rights
Quantity versus Quality Theory 146
of Pleasure 100 Is There a Human Nature? 147
Evaluating Utilitarianism 101 READING On Natural Law • Thomas
Application of the Principle 101 Aquinas 149
Utilitarianism and Personal Second Treatise of Civil
Integrity 101 Government • John Locke 151
Ends and Means 102
Review Exercises 154
The Trolley Problem 102
Act and Rule Utilitarianism 103
“Proof” of the Theory 105 —8— Virtue Ethics 155
READING Utilitarianism • John Stuart Mill 107 Virtues and Everyday Life 156
Review Exercises 112 Aristotle 157

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 CONTENTS v

Virtue as a Mean 158 Combining the Types of

Nature, Human Nature, and the Euthanasia 213
Human Good 158 Making Moral Judgments About
Cross-Cultural and Contemporary Euthanasia 214
Virtue Ethics 160 The Moral Significance of
Evaluating Virtue Ethics 161 Voluntariness 214
READING The Nicomachean Active versus Passive
Ethics • Aristotle 163 Euthanasia 216
Review Exercises 170 READING The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia •
J. Gay-Williams 221
Active and Passive Euthanasia • James
—9— Feminist Thought and Rachels 224
the Ethics of Care 171 Review Exercises 228
Gender in Moral Reasoning and the Discussion Cases 230
Ethics of Care 174
Is There a Gender Difference in —11— Abortion 231
Morality? 176
The Source of Feminine Stages of Fetal Development 233
Morality 177 Methods of Abortion 235
Evaluating Gender-Specific Abortion and the Law 237
Approaches to Morality 178 Abortion: The Moral Question 240
Feminist Thought 179 Arguments That Do Not Depend
Evaluation of Feminist Thought on the Moral Status of the
and the Ethics of Care 181 Fetus 240
READING Caring • Nel Noddings 184 Utilitarian Reasoning 240
The Need for More Than Some Rights Arguments 241
Justice • Annette Baier 185 Arguments That Depend on
What Is Feminist Ethics? • Hilde the Moral Status of the
Lindemann 192
Fetus 242
Review Exercises 198 Method I 242
Method II 245
Part Two ETHICAL ISSUES 199 READING A Defense of Abortion • Judith Jarvis
Thomson 251
—10— Euthanasia 199 Why Abortion Is Immoral • Don
Marquis 252
Euthanasia for Infants The Value of Choice and the Choice
and the Disabled 201 to Value: Expanding the Discussion
Criteria for Death 203 About Fetal Life within Prochoice
Types of Euthanasia 206 Advocacy • Bertha Alvarez
Manninen 261
Active and Passive
Euthanasia 206 Review Exercises 275
Voluntary, Nonvoluntary, and Discussion Cases 276
Involuntary Euthanasia 207
Advance Directives 208
Physician-Assisted Suicide 209 —12— Sexual Morality 278
Pain Medication and Palliative
Sedation 211 Current Issues 280
Ordinary and Extraordinary Conceptual Problems: What Is and
Measures 212 Is Not Sexual 285

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vi CONTENTS

Relevant Factual Matters 286 —14— Economic Justice 344

Sexual Morality and Ethical
Theories 287 Economic Inequality 346
Consequentialist or Utilitarian Poverty, Education, and Health
Considerations 287 Care 349
Non-consequentialist Conceptions of Social Justice 350
or Deontological Process Distributive Justice 352
Considerations 288 End-State Distributive
Natural Law Considerations 289 Justice 353
Same-Sex Marriage 291 Equal Opportunity 354
READING U.S. Supreme Court Decision June 26, Political and Economic
2015 • Obergefell v. Hodges 296 Theories 356
Law, Morality, and “Sexual Libertarianism 356
Orientation” • John Finnis 298 Capitalism 357
“It’s Not Natural” • John Corvino 306 Socialism 357
Review Exercises 307 Modern Liberalism 359
Discussion Cases 308 John Rawls’s Theory of Justice 360
Communitarianism 363
READING Justice as Fairness • John Rawls 367
Distributive Justice • Robert
—13— Equality and Nozick 368
Discrimination 309 Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal • Ayn
Rand 369
Discrimination 310
Evangelii Gaudium • Pope
Racial Discrimination 311 Francis 370
The Principle of Equality 316 Review Exercises 373
Justice 316 Discussion Cases 374
Social Benefits and Harms 316
Proof and Reality of
Difference 316 —15— Punishment
Relevant Differences 317 and the Death Penalty 375
Challenges to the Principle 318
The Nature of Legal
Current Issues and the Law 320 Punishment 377
Profiling 322 The Deterrence Argument 378
Hate Crimes 324 The Retributivist Argument 379
Affirmative Action and Preferential Punishment and
Treatment 325 Responsibility 381
Consequentialist Prisons 383
Considerations 326 Race 384
Non-consequentialist Restoration and Rehabilitation 385
Considerations 328
The Death Penalty 386
READING Five Faces of Oppression • Iris Marion
Legal Issues 386
Young 333
Exonerations 388
Racisms • Kwame Anthony
Racial Bias and Fairness 388
Appiah 334
Costs 389
White Privilege, Black Rights • Naomi
Deterrence Considerations 390
Zack 335
Retributivist Considerations 391
Review Exercises 342 Mercy and Restorative Justice 392
Discussion Cases 343 Humane Executions 394

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 CONTENTS vii

READING The New Jim Crow • Michelle Approaches to Animal Ethics 468
Alexander 400 Sentience, Equal Consideration,
Are Prisons Obsolete? • Angela Y. and Animal Welfare 469
Davis 401 Animal Rights 472
Speech in Favor of Capital Punishment
(1868) • John Stuart Mill 402 READING All Animals Are Equal • Peter
A Theory of Just Execution • Lloyd Singer 477
Steffen 406 The Case for Animal Rights • Tom
Regan 486
Review Exercises 415 Speciesism and the Idea of
Discussion Cases 416 Equality • Bonnie Steinbock 487
Review Exercises 488
—16— Environmental Ethics 417 Discussion Cases 489

The Environment and Its

Value 419 —18— Biotechnology and
Anthropocentrism 420 Bioengineering 490
Cost–Benefit Analysis 421 Current Issues 492
Environmental Justice 422
Athletic and Cognitive
Ecocentrism 423 Enhancement 492
Deep Ecology 425 Stem Cell Research 493
Ecofeminism 426 Cloning 495
Genetic Engineering and Genetic
Current Issues 427
Screening 496
Climate Change 427 Genetically Modified Plants and
Ozone Depletion 431 Animals 499
Waste Disposal and
Pollution 431 Legal and Ethical Issues 500
Wilderness Preservation 433 Athletic and Cognitive
International Environmental Enhancement 501
Conventions 434 Stem Cell Research 502
Global Justice and the Tragedy of the Cloning 503
Commons 435 Genetic Engineering and Genetic
READING People or Penguins: The Case for Screening 506
Optimal Pollution • William F. Genetically Modified Organisms 509
Baxter 442 READING Transhumanist Declaration • Various
Deep Ecology • Bill Devall and George Authors 514
Sessions 443 Ageless Bodies, Happy Souls • Leon R.
Radical American Environmentalism Kass 515
and Wilderness Preservation: A Third In Defense of Posthuman
World Critique • Ramachandra Dignity • Nick Bostrom 525
Guha 449 Review Exercises 526
Review Exercises 455 Discussion Cases 527
Discussion Cases 456
—19— Violence and War 528
—17— Animal Ethics 457 Realism 531
Current Issues 460 Pacifism 533
Moral Vegetarianism 460 Just War Theory 534
Animal Experimentation 463 Jus ad Bellum 534
Endangered Species 466 Jus in Bello 536

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viii CONTENTS

Current Issues 538 Justice 565

Terrorism 538 Rights 567
Targeted Killing and Drones 540 Practical Considerations 568
Weapons of Mass Global Inequality 568
Destruction 542 Levels of International Aid 569
War Crimes and Universal Human Causes of Global Poverty 570
Rights 544 Solutions and Progress 573
Torture 546
Globalization and Its Critics 573
READING Peace • Andrew Fitz-Gibbon 548
The Triumph of Just War Theory (and Economic Impacts 574
the Dangers of Success) • Michael Cultural Diversity 575
Walzer 554 READING The Singer Solution to World
Review Exercises 558 Poverty • Peter Singer 580
Discussion Cases 559
Living on a Lifeboat • Garrett
Hardin 584
Review Exercises 591
Discussion Cases 592
—20— Global Justice and
Globalization 560
Moral Arguments About Global
GLOSSARY 593
Poverty 563
Self-Interest 565 INDEX 603

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
 Preface

This ninth edition of Ethics: Theory and Contem- This edition offers expanded and continued cov-
porary Issues contains a substantial revision of the erage of the following topics: global (non-Western)
text and extensive update of the empirical mate- philosophy and religion, the prisoner’s dilemma
rial contained in the chapters focused on contem- and the tragedy of the commons, social justice and
porary issues. Andrew Fiala joined as coauthor on economic inequality, mass incarceration and decar
decar-
the eighth edition. In the ninth edition, we have ceration, restorative justice, environmental justice,
included new learning apparatus, especially tables biotechnology and bioengineering, gene editing,
that outline possible moral positions with regard vegetarianism and the ethics of hunting, circuses,
to the issues considered. As in past editions, each race and racism, pacifism, gay marriage, global pov-
chapter begins with a detailed, accessible intro- erty, LGBT and transgender issues, Black Lives Mat-
duction that prepares the student to read accom- ter, Syrian refugees, the precautionary principle, and
panying selections from important and influential climate change. This edition includes some famil-
philosophers. The book remains a comprehensive iar readings from previous editions and some new
introduction to ethics in theory and practice. It also additions. In some cases, older readings have been
continues to emphasize pedagogy through clear shortened to make room for new readings and short
summaries, engaging examples, and various study excerpts by a more diverse set of authors, includ-
tools—such as review exercises and discussion ing some emerging voices. New readings include:
cases. Each chapter begins with a list of learning John Lachs on relativism, Hilde Lindemann on femi-
objectives, and the book ends with an extensive nism, a new essay on abortion by Bertha Alvarez
glossary of key terms. Manninen, U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell Deci-
sion, Naomi Zack on Black Lives Matter, Iris Marion
ADDITIONS AND CHANGES Young’s “Five Faces of Oppression,” Pope Francis
Although the basic elements remain the same, this and Ayn Rand on economic issues, Michelle Alex-
new ninth edition includes the following additions ander on the New Jim Crow, Tom Regan on ani-
and changes from the eighth edition. Each chapter mal rights, the Transhumanist declaration, Andrew
in Part I has been revised to focus on readability. All Fitz-Gibbon on peace, and Garret Hardin on global
introductory and empirical material in each chapter poverty.
in Part II has been updated to incorporate the latest
information about contemporary issues and current Key Elements
affairs. These updates include recent statistics, rel- Each chapter of Ethics: Theory and Contempo-
evant cases, and contemporary examples. rary Issues contains an extended summary of key

ix ❮❮

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
x PREFACE

concepts and issues written in clear, accessible prose. Pedagogical Aids This text is designed as an acces-
These detailed summaries go beyond the short intro- sible, “user-friendly” introduction to ethics. To aid both
ductions found in most ethics anthologies to provide instructor and student, we have provided the following
students with a thorough grounding in the theory pedagogical aids:
and practical application of philosophical ethics.
As previously noted, these discussions have been
❯ a list of learning objectives at the beginning of
each chapter (new to this edition)
thoroughly updated to include detailed information
on current events, statistics, and political and cul-
❯ a real-life event, hypothetical dialogue, or
updated empirical data at the beginning of each
tural developments.
chapter
The theory chapters in Part I present detailed
❯ diagrams, subheadings, and boldface key terms
summaries of the theories and major concepts, posi-
and definitions that provide guideposts for read-
tions, and arguments. The contemporary issues
ers and organize the summary exposition
chapters in Part II include summaries of:
❯ study questions for each reading selection
❯ current social conditions and recent events, with ❯ review exercises at the end of each chapter that
special emphasis on their relevance to students’ can be used for exams and quizzes
lives ❯ a glossary of definitions of key terms (new to
❯ conceptual issues, such as how to define key this edition)
words and phrases (for example, cloning,
cloning ❯ discussion cases that follow each chapter in
terrorism, and distributive justice) Part II and provide opportunities for class or
❯ arguments and suggested ways to organize an group discussion
ethical analysis of each topic ❯ topics and resources for written assignments in
❯ tables outlining possible moral positions, linked the discussion cases
to normative theories and key authors. ❯ tables outlining moral positions (new to this
edition).
Throughout this text, we seek to engage read-
ers by posing challenging ethical questions and then A Digital Solution for Students and
offering a range of possible answers or explanations. Instructors:
The aim is to present more than one side of each issue MindTap for Philosophy for Ethics: Theory and
so that students can decide for themselves what posi- Contemporary Issues is a personalized, online
tion they will take. This also allows instructors more digital learning platform providing students with an
latitude to emphasize specific arguments and con- immersive learning experience that builds critical
cepts and to direct the students’ focus as they see fit. thinking skills. Through a carefully designed chapter-
Where possible throughout the text, the rela- based learning path, MindTap allows students to
tion of ethical theory to the practical issues is indi- easily identify the chapter’s learning objectives;
cated. For example, one pervasive distinction used draw connections and improve writing skills by
throughout the text is between consequentialist and completing essay assignments; read short, manage-
non-consequentialist considerations and arguments. able sections from the e-book; and test their content
The idea is that if students are able to first situate knowledge with critical thinking Aplia™ questions.
or categorize a philosophical reason or argument,
then they will be better able to evaluate it critically ❯ Chapter e-Book: Each chapter within MindTap
in their thinking and writing. Connections to related contains the narrative of the chapter, offering an
concepts and issues in other chapters are also high- easy to navigate online reading experience.
lighted throughout the text to help students note ❯ Chapter Quiz: Each chapter within MindTap
similarities and contrasts among various ethical ends with a summative Chapter Test covering
positions. the chapter’s learning objectives and ensuring

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 PREFACE xi

students are reading and understanding the ❯ Digital flash cards are premade for each chapter,
material presented. and students can make their own by adding
❯ Chapter Aplia Assignment: Each chapter images, descriptions, and more.
includes an Aplia assignment that provides auto-
MindTap gives students ample opportunities for
matically graded critical thinking assignments
improving comprehension and for self-evaluation to
with detailed, immediate feedback and expla-
prepare for exams, while also providing faculty and
nations on every question. Students can also
students alike a clear way to measure and assess
choose to see another set of related questions if
student progress. Faculty can use MindTap as a turn-
they did not earn all available points in their first
key solution or customize by adding YouTube videos,
attempt and want more practice.
RSS feeds, or their own documents directly within
❯ Ethics Simulations: Each chapter offers an
the e-book or within each chapter’s Learning Path.
interactive simulated ethical dilemma, allowing
MindTap goes well beyond an e-book and a home-
students to make decisions and see the implica-
work solution. It is truly a Personal Learning Experi-
tions of their choices.
ence that allows instructors to synchronize the reading
❯ Chapter Essay Question: Every chapter ends
with engaging assignments. To learn more, ask your
with essay prompts that ask students to explore
Cengage Learning sales representative to demo it for
and reflect on concepts from the chapter and
you—or go to www.Cengage.com/MindTap.
build writing and critical thinking faculties.
❯ KnowNOW! Philosophy Blog: The KnowNOW! Instructor’s Resources:
Philosophy Blog connects course concepts with
The Instructor’s Companion Site features an Instruc-
real-world events. Updated twice a week, the
tor’s Manual, PowerPoint Lecture Slides, and a
blog provides a succinct philosophical analysis of
robust Test Bank (Cengage Learning Testing pow-
major news stories, along with multimedia and
ered by Cognero).
discussion-starter questions.
The Instructor’s Manual provides useful sug-
MindTap also includes a variety of other tools that gestions for lectures and classroom activities, based
support philosophy teaching and learning: directly on the content in this book. Answers to
many review exercises or study questions are pro-
❯ The Philosophy Toolbox collects tutorials on vided, as well as questions for further thought.
using MindTap and researching and writing aca- The PowerPoint Lecture Slides offer a chapter-
demic papers, including citation information and by-chapter breakdown Cengage Learning Testing,
tools, that instructors can use to support students powered by Cognero, new to this edition, allows
in the writing process. instructors to author, edit, and manage Test Bank
❯ Questia allows professors and students to search content. Instructors can create multiple test versions
a database of thousands of peer-reviewed jour
jour- and instantly deliver them through their learning
nals, newspapers, magazines, and full-length management system right to the classroom.
books—all assets can be added to any relevant Interested instructors can find and access all this
chapter in MindTap, and students can content by adding the ninth edition of this book to
❯ Kaltura allows instructors to create and insert their bookshelf on Cengage.com.
inline video and audio into the MindTap platform.
❯ ReadSpeaker reads the text out loud to students IN SUMMARY
in a voice they can customize. We have sought to make this ninth edition of Ethics:
Ethics
❯ Note-taking and highlighting are organized in a Theory and Contemporary Issues the most compre-
central location that can be synced with Ever
Ever- hensive ethics text available. It combines theory
Note on any mobile device a student may have and issues, text and readings, as well as up-to-date
access to. empirical information about contemporary moral

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xii PREFACE

problems. It is designed to be flexible, user-friendly, of South Carolina; Dusan Galic, College of DuPage;
current, pedagogically helpful, and balanced. Erin Anchustegu, Boise State University; Christina
Tomczak, Cedar Valley College; Susan Brown, Uni-
❯ The flexible structure of the text allows instruc- versity of West Florida; Philip Cronce, Chicago State
tors to emphasize only those theories and applied University; William Rodriguez, Bethune Cookman
ethical topics which best suit their courses. University; Robert Arp, Johnson County Community
❯ The text is user-friendly, while at the same time College; Jason Gooch, Yakima Valley Community
philosophically reliable. It employs pedagogical College; Jason Flato, Georgia Perimeter College; and
aids throughout and at the end of each chapter, Eric Severson, Seattle Pacific University.
and provides extensive examples from current Barbara MacKinnon especially wants to thank
events and trends. The exposition challenges the students in her classes at the University of San
students with stimulating questions and is Francisco. Over the years, they have contributed
interspersed with useful diagrams, charts, and greatly to this text by challenging her to keep up
headings. with the times and to make things more clear and
❯ The text not only provides up-to-date coverage more interesting. She also appreciates the support
of developments in the news and in scientific of her husband and fellow philosopher, Edward
journals but also on ethical issues as they are MacKinnon. She dedicates this book to her two
discussed in contemporary philosophy. wonderful daughters, Jennifer and Kathleen. Andrew
❯ It offers a balanced collection of readings, includ- Fiala is thankful for Barbara’s hard work throughout
ing both the ethical theories and contemporary the previous editions of this book and for the oppor-
sources on the issues. tunity to transform his classroom teaching experi-
❯ Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues, ninth ence into a useful text for teaching ethics.
edition, is accompanied by a broad range of We also wish to acknowledge the many profes-
online and textual tools that amplify its teach- sional people from Cengage Learning and its ven-
ability and give instructors specific pedagogical dors who have worked on this edition, including:
tools for different learning styles. Debra Matteson, Product Manager; Adrienne Devlin,
Content Developer; Megan Garvey, Content Devel-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS opment Manager; Lauren MacLachlan, Production
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 HISTORY OF ETHICS TIME LINE xiii

Ancient
500 B.C.E. 400 300 200 100 0 100 C.E. 200

Socrates Jesus
Sappho 469–399 Zeno ? 4 B.C.E.–C.E. 29 Plotinus
637–577 351–270 205–270
Plato Philo Judaeus
Buddha 427–347 20 B.C.E.–C.E. 40
557–477 Aristotle Sextus Empiricus
384–322 60–117
Confucius Marcus Aurelius
552–479 121–180

Medieval
C.E. 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Augustine Anselm Aquinas
345–400 1033–1109 1224–1274
Boethius
480–524 Abelard Scotus
Mohammed 1079–1142 1265–1308
570–632 Avicebron Ockham
1021–1058 1285–1347
Maimonides
1135–1204
Avicenna Averroes
980–1037 1126–1198

Modern
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Bacon Locke Hume Kierkegaard Moore
1561–1626 1632–1704 1711–1776 1813–1851 1873–1958
Hobbes Leibniz Kant Marx Rawls
1588–1679 1646–1716 1724–1804 1818–1883 1921–2002

Spinoza Hegel Nietzsche Habermas

1632–1677 1770–1831 1844–1900 1929–
Rousseau
1712–1778 Mill Sartre Singer
1806–1873 1905–1979 b. 1946–
Gandhi Noddings
1869–1948 b. 1929–
Wollstonecraft
1759–1797 DeBeauvoir
1908–1986
Bentham James
1748–1832 1846–1910
Dewey
1859–1952

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Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
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different content
considered themselves to be a little the best oarsmen anywhere
along the Maine coast.
"To be real modest," Yansey grinned, "there's nothing to it for
the other eights. We've got the race cinched already."
"Modesty adorns you," Kingdon told him. "I can see that. Also,
why you chose that name for your catboat, too."
"Right! There's nothing to it!" proclaimed the optimistic Yansey.
"We've got a new shell, and we keep her greased. Wait till you see
us out practicing some day. I'm stroke."
"What did you do with your old shell?" Kingdon asked,
reflectively.
"It's for sale over yonder at the boat builder's. Good boat, too,
though battered some. Come and see our new one."
Kingdon went, and said nothing more about the thought that
had become fixed in his mind regarding the eight-oared shell race.
The Walcott Hall boys had a good time at the boat club; but
they were delayed in getting away, and when the Spoondrift ran
down toward the Channel it was plain the wind had come around
into the north and was blowing strongly. The sea outside was
streaked with foam over the caps of the jumping waves.
"Guess your old wind's changed, all right," grumbled Peewee.
"We won't have to beat up against it all the way back to the
island," Rex responded with cheerfulness. "Keep up hope, infant. All
is not lost."
"I don't want to lose everything," said Cloudman as the cat
began to pitch in the choppy sea. "That apple pie was too good to
waste."
"Stop that talk!" groaned Peewee, his hand upon his stomach.
 Cloudman really suffered from seasickness before they got out
into open sea. There the waves were less choppy, and the
Spoondrift rode them like a seafowl. It was easier on all hands.
But the wind increased in strength, and to beat up into the
sound—which was all a-streak with foam and very blusterous to look
upon—was really more of an undertaking than Kingdon cared to
tackle.
"We can do it all right. She's safe enough," Rex said to Midkiff.
"But it will make rough going, Jawn—awful rough. These lubbers will
be set on their ears."
"Never mind them. They'll feel better after it's all over."
"Unfeeling words, old boy. That's a narrow breach into our little
cove where the camp is. Believe I'll go t'other side of the island."
"To the seaward side?"
"Right. The island will break the wind. I noticed one good
anchorage, at least, over there. We can make it easily with the wind
like this."
"You're the doctor," said Midkiff. "I suppose you know what you
are about once in a blue moon."
"Your confidence in me almost brings the tears to my eyes.
Shake a reef out of that sail, Jawn. We're going to run down wind
for a long lap."
With this change in the sailing of the Spoondrift, Applejack and
Peewee felt greatly relieved. With the wind practically astern, the
catboat was less acrobatic in her motions. But when the high
eastern point of the island began to draw in on their port quarter,
the other fellows wanted to know where they were bound.
 "What're you aiming to do, King?" asked Red Phillips. "Sail us
clear over to Spain? You're heading that way."
"Get out your Spanish phrase book, and learn to speak the
language with a pleasant accent," advised Kingdon, "if you think
we're likely to reach that coast. Forewarned is forearmed."
"What do you mean, 'four-armed'?" grinned Red. "Think I am an
anthropoidean quadrumanous animal? Isn't that a good one? I
learned it by heart after Old Yad suggested I might be one on
occasion."
"I'd have had him arrested," Cloudman said, weakly. "Didn't
know Yad could talk so mean to a fellow."
It was growing late when the catboat swung into the smoother
patch of ocean south of the island. On their left, the surf roared far
up the rocks and narrow beaches, and the swell, forerunning a
storm, was quite apparent. The boat sailed on more even keel.
Kingdon pointed her for the sheltered gulf that indented the
island coastline, which he had noticed when they battled with the
squall the day they had reached Storm Island.
"We'll have to stay aboard all night, I suppose?" Cloudman
groaned. "Oh, boy! Terra firma for mine as soon as possible!"
"We might as well stay on the boat," Midkiff said. "No knowing
what those other fellows have done to our camp."
"Cheerful, aren't you, Jawn?" chuckled Kingdon.
At that moment Peewee Hicks seemed suddenly to have a
brainstorm. He had crept forward and was standing, hanging to a
stay, looking off at the tumbling sea east of the island. Now he
began to dance and yell.
 "Come down out of that!" ordered Red Phillips. "What are you—
going crazy? That's no place to be fox-trotting."
"Look there! See 'em! There's going to be a mess now."
"What do you mean?" questioned Red, climbing gingerly upon
the deck to get a glimpse of what Peewee evidently saw.
The bulging sail shut out Rex Kingdon's vision. He called to
know the cause of the disturbance. Red Phillips turned a perfectly
pallid countenance to the stern, shouting:
"Canoes! Blown off shore, I guess. Two fellows in each, Rex.
What will we do about it?"

CHAPTER XVIII.
"THE HAPPY FAMILY."

"It's that Horrors kid and his chums," Cloudman cried. "They're in for
it, I reckon!"
"They're out for it, you mean," Midkiff said.
"What can we do?" wailed the dancing Peewee. "They're trying
to paddle back to the island."
"Right into the eye of the wind," said Phillips, who now had a
good view of the two canoes.
"They'll be drowned!" declared little Hicks.
"Easy there, Midget," Kingdon requested. "Don't weep yet.
Steady, you fellows. I'm going to wear ship. Give me the course,
Red."
 "You're sure not going to run down to them, Kingdon?"
questioned Cloudman.
It looked dangerous to him. Even Midkiff said:
"Better look before you leap, Rex."
"Pshaw! As our Blackport friend says, 'There's nothing to it!' We
can reach 'em all right—without shipping a capful of water."
"Yes," Midkiff muttered. "But can we get back to the island
again?"
Kingdon did not answer that question. He knew he had a sound
craft under him. A catboat of merely the Spoondrift's length has run
many a mile out to sea and lived through an offshore gale; but it
wasn't a chance he fancied, and Kingdon fully felt the responsibility
of taking the risk. Nevertheless, he could not think of letting those
other fellows drown.
Drown they might unless they received immediate aid. Under
the lift of the boom, Rex caught a glimpse of the two canoes. One
fellow in each was paddling madly while his companion was bailing
out the water shipped from the curling top of every wave.
It was a bad outlook for Horace Pence and his friends.
Undoubtedly they had been fishing off the eastern point of Storm
Island when the wind shifted. If that was so, then for nearly two
hours the boys had been battling to get back to safety.
"Careless goats," Kingdon said to Midkiff, who stood beside him.
"They ought never to have brought such dinky craft out here.
Canoes are all right in the sound when it's quiet; but to try to
manage a canoe out here, with the surf running the way it does on
this south shore of Storm Island, is craziness."
"Guess they know all that now," grunted Midkiff.
 "True for you, Jawn. Stand by to give them a hand. Save the
canoes if you can. I've got to run her in between the two, and you
and Red will each have to handle one of the cockleshells."
"Cockleshells. Now you've said a bushel, Rex," Midkiff rejoined.
"Those fellows ought to be at home sailing chips on a puddle."
"They're putting up a plucky fight, just the same," Kingdon said,
peering ahead. "Take your place. Speak to Red. Stand by the sheet
to lower!" he bellowed.
"Aye, aye, skipper!" Phillips shouted back.
"Come aft here, Peewee, and help Cloudman pull 'em over the
side. Keep your wits about you, Applejack."
"Oh, thank ye!" grunted the boy from the West. "I didn't spill
them back there in that choppy channel."
Carried on by her own momentum, the Spoondrift shot in
between the two canoes. The struggling boys paddling at the
moment—Pence in one canoe and Pudge MacComber in the other—
might have ceased their work, seeing the catboat so near, had not
Kingdon shouted:
"Keep it up, you fellows! Stick to the paddle. We've got to snake
those other fellows inboard first."
Cloudman and Peewee each seized their man, while Red and
Midkiff, lying precariously themselves on the decked over portion of
the catboat, got a grip on the gunwales of the canoes.
Ben Comas and Kirby were hauled into the cockpit; but each
canoe shipped so much water it began to sink.
Pudge was frankly crying; but he tried to balance his boat and
use the paddle on the starboard side. Pence's countenance wore its
usual sneering smile. His black eyes flashed and his glance did not
quail in the least.
"Awfully decent of you, Kingdon," he shouted. "Try to save the
canoes, if you can."
"Scramble aboard!" commanded the skipper of the Spoondrift.
"Never mind the canoes."
But Midkiff and Phillips did their part nobly. They hung onto the
sinking craft until Horace Pence and Harry Kirby could aid in
dragging both upon the deck of the catboat.
"Lash 'em there," commanded Kingdon. "Give us more sail.
We've got to make headway against this breeze."
He had brought the Spoondrift into the eye of the wind and,
when a reef was shaken out, the sail got the breeze on such a slant
that she staggered and rolled like a drunken man.
"Oh, Rex!" squealed the frightened Peewee. "You'll have us
turned turtle!"
"Don't worry, infant," responded Kingdon. "You couldn't tip this
old girl over. She's as safe as a house."
The plunging of the catboat made them all hang on for dear life.
Pudge had stopped crying, and he showed a courage far superior to
that of his cousin. Deathly pale, Ben Comas was accusing Horace of
having dragged them all into this perilous adventure.
That Pence had elements of the right stuff in him was proved by
what he said in return: "You keep that to yourself, Comas, or I'll
chuck you over the side. Thank Kingdon and his friends—as I do.
We'd all been by-low in a few moments if it weren't for them."
"Huh!" grunted Ben. "What chance have we now?"
 "If we are to drown we'll go down with these fellows who have
done their best to save us," Pence put in curtly. "Don't forget that.
Let's be decent—or, as decent as we can be—if we really have got to
drown."
Kingdon smiled at the black-browed fellow.
"You're improving, Horrors," he said. "But we're not going to be
swamped. We'll pull through all right."
"You'll never get us safely around to the other side of the island
with the wind this way," Kirby shouted.
"Am not going to try," retorted Kingdon, shrugging his
shoulders. "But we'll be all right—in time."
"Yes we will!" sneered Ben Comas.
"Drop that, or I'll punch you!" threatened Horace Pence, edging
over toward the coward.
"Nice crowd, aren't they?" said Red Phillips, happening to be
near Kingdon. "They must get along fine together in that camp up
there. Regular happy family, such as you see in the sideshows—
what?"
Kingdon laughed and shook the damp hair out of his eyes, for
the spray had wet them all pretty thoroughly. Their oilskins had
saved the Walcott Hall boys; but the canoeists were saturated above
their waists.
"I'd feel better if I co-could get dry," chattered Pudge.
"So say we all of us, Fatty," Cloudman told him. "But no use
trying to light the oilstove below. Might set the cabin afire."
"Don't take any favors from 'em, Pudge," ordered Ben in his
nastiest way.
 "Why don't you get out and walk," demanded Peewee hotly, "if
you don't want to accept any favors? You're a fine chap—I don't
think."
"Close up, infant," commanded Kingdon, hearing this. "Try to be
hospitable."
"Hospitable!" muttered Hicks. "They've been so nice to us—
stealing that permit and trying to get us put off the island——"
Horace Pence actually grinned at this. "You must have put it all
over Enos Quibb," he said in his drawling way. "How did you do it?
Gratitude for saving him from a watery grave, no doubt?"
"If he showed gratitude, it's more than somebody else,"
snapped Midkiff, boiling over.
"You're the fellow they call Grouch, aren't you?" Horace asked,
still smiling. "Name seems to fit."
Kingdon interfered before the slow Midkiff could get back at his
tormentor.
"Let them rave, Midkiff," the skipper said. "They got the best of
us the other day. We have to admit it. But the affair isn't over yet."
"We got the permit just the same," laughed Horace openly.
"We'd ought to take it away from them," put in Red Phillips,
inclined to feel as Midkiff did.
"Remember they are our guests," drawled Kingdon. "Hands off.
We must put them ashore in safety. After that——"
If the truth were told at that moment, Rex would gladly have
gone to a clinch with the sneering Pence. There was something
about the crass ingratitude of the cheeky fellow that made it hard
for Kingdon to restrain himself. Pence and his crew were unbeaten
cubs.
 But Rex gave his first, and very earnest attention to the sailing
of the Spoondrift. She staggered along for an hour, making very
heavy weather, and very short legs in her tacking, but finally, the
eastern head of Storm Island began to break the wind.
"We're pulling out of it," Red shrieked in Kingdon's ear, for the
roar of the nearby surf was now almost deafening.
"By the way," Rex asked of Kirby, "where's your Indian friend?"
"He didn't come out with us."
"Oh! I fancied he might have been drowned. That would have
been a sad calamity. I think he has it in for me."
"Maybe he has," Ben said, overhearing this conversation. "But
he doesn't dislike you any more than the rest of us do."
"Aw, Ben!" said Pudge MacComber, "I'm sure I'm grateful to Mr.
Kingdon and his friends. He may not believe it——"
"Oh, I do," Rex interrupted, sweetly. "But don't lay it on too
thick. I begin to feel slight symptoms of mal de mere. A little of the
kind of gratitude you fellows feel goes a long way with me."

CHAPTER XIX.
MORE OF MR. QUIBB.

"Lower away!" shouted Rex, as he put the nose of the Spoondrift

into the passage between the two charging files of breakers. In a
moment, it seemed, the catboat drifted on the heaving but quiet
bosom of the small cove.
 Rex Kingdon dealt in melodrama; no doubt of that. He liked to
do things to startle his comrades. But they were not always chance
things done on the spur of the moment. More often he shrewdly
molded circumstances to lead up to his most startling successes. He
had had both his friends and "The Happy Family," as Red had named
their guests, speculating during these last few minutes. It had
looked as though the old Spoondrift could not possibly be brought
into this haven in safety.
"By George!" Horace Pence unwillingly said. "You're some pilot,
you are!"
"Me!" Rex returned lightly. "If I'd sailed with Columbus, we'd
landed at New York, not at a little picayune island down in the West
Indies."
"Well, we'll be getting our canoes over and going ashore, I
guess," Horace said in rather an embarrassed tone for him.
"So long," returned Kingdon carelessly. "Come up and give me
another look at that fast ball of yours to-morrow."
"Perhaps," said the black-eyed fellow, non-committally.
The four went ashore. The Walcott Hall boys saw Joe Bootleg
meet them at the edge of the water with a lantern. He had evidently
been aware of their peril, and from the headland had watched the
Spoondrift making her anchorage.
"Good riddance to bad rubbish," muttered Red Phillips.
"All but the fat chap," Peewee observed. "He isn't such a bad
sort."
"Most onery crowd of coyotes I ever saw," Cloudman acclaimed
with force.
 "Forget it!" advised Rex, with more tartness than he usually
displayed. "Not worth talking about."
"Those chaps from the other camp have really gotten under his
hide at last," Peewee whispered to Red.
They spent the night in some comfort. The summer wind-storm
blew itself out before midnight, and in the morning they were able
to sail around to the little cove below their camp. Nothing had been
disturbed there. They found the tent-fly laced down as they had left
it.
Kingdon insisted on taking his two pitchers to the top of the
island for practice in the afternoon. Neither Horace Pence nor any of
his chums appeared. The Walcott Hall boys caught only distant
glimpses of the other campers-out during the day.
The morning following Kingdon was too busy with Midkiff,
tinkering with the engine of the Spoondrift, to bother about the rival
campers. The other Walcott Hall boys went fishing off the rocks in
the still water, and caught a mess of cunners that made a nice
change from the usual cod, or flounders.
"Never knew there were so many kinds of fish," Cloudman
admitted. "Always thought, till I came East, that fish was just fish.
All tasted the same. But even those squirmy eels taste better than
Texas venison."
"What's Texas venison?" questioned Phillips.
"Jackrabbits," Applejack replied, grinning.
"Fellers in N'York, they tell me, pay a dollar a pair for them.
They kill 'em in big drives in Texas, and use flivvers instead of ponies
to run 'em. Then they cold storage the jacks and push 'em up to the
Eastern market. All they are worth in Texas is a bad word; and a
dollar a pair in the effete East. Some dish, jackrabbit stew—if a feller
has good teeth."
Pudge MacComber came over to the Walcott Hall camp about
dark, to borrow a hatchet. He seemed rather embarrassed about
asking for it, his cousin's insistence evidently having been all that
brought him.
"We've mislaid ours somewhere," he confessed. "We've got to
cut some more firewood and a few tent pegs. The wind, the other
day, pretty near blew our tents away."
"You're welcome to the hatchet," Kingdon said. "Thought you
had a fellow with you who knew all about camping—and was
cookee, too?"
"That Injun," Cloudman put in.
"He's a good deal of a frost," admitted Pudge. "He's lazy. Won't
work any more than he can help. And his cooking!" The fat youth
sighed, shaking his head mournfully. "I know I'm going to reduce all
right if we stay on Storm Island. I do all the work and haven't had a
square meal once since we landed."
"You're looking bad. I noticed that when you came along," Red
Phillips said with commiseration. "You tottered. I bet you've lost half
a pound."
"Oh, you can laugh——"
"No laughing matter," said the lean Cloudman, "to lose flesh. I
lost some once, and it made me lopsided. Got thrown from my pony
and scraped off some thigh meat against a rock, on one leg. Walked
with a list to starboard, as you mariners would say, for a couple of
weeks."
 "I wouldn't care to lose flesh that way," Pudge said. "When I'm
not fat I don't feel so well. I begin to get weak and all run down
——"
"So that you don't cast a shadow, I s'pose?" suggested Peewee.
"Oh, I guess I always cast more of a shadow than you do, little
feller," Pudge told him, to the amusement of the others.
"But if you get thin, I suppose you are afraid of losing your right
proportions," Kingdon chimed in gravely. "You know, a fellow hates
to lose his shape."
"According to what kind of a shape he's got," muttered Peewee.
"Why, the rules for perfect pulchritude are easily remembered,"
the curly-haired youth said with serious mien. "You know, 'Twice
around the thumb, once around the wrist; twice around the wrist,
once around the neck; twice around the neck, once around the
waist'——"
"And in this fellow's case twice around the waist, once around
the 'big top' at a circus, I s'pose?" put in Red. "Just about."
"Oh," said Pudge, mildly, "you fellows can poke fun if you like. I
don't mind. I'm used to it anyway. I'd rather be fat than
uncomfortable. Besides, after what you fellers did for us the other
day——"
"Now don't get maudlin," begged Kingdon quickly. "The least
said the soonest mended. We had to save you from a watery grave!
We're not proud of it."
This rather closed Pudge up, and he mournfully went away.
Midkiff said with scorn:
"They must be having a nice time over at that camp! They don't
open their tent-flies before nine o'clock. Sleep away the best of the
day. Then they lay around and squabble most of the time, I s'pose."
"Don't let their behavior worry you, Grouch," Red advised. "You
haven't got to play father confessor to that bunch."
"I'd like to give 'em penance, all right," growled Midkiff. "What
they need is a rattling good shaking up. Being half an ace from
drowning the other afternoon wasn't enough."
It looked, the next forenoon, as though the "shaking up" was
about to come to the first party of campers on Storm Island.
Kingdon and his mates had got the engine of the catboat into
running order, and were just about to try her out, when the sound of
another motor approaching brought them all up standing. Motor
crafts, thus far, had not been very plentiful in the sound.
"See who's coming to be in our midst again," invited Peewee.
"It's the jolly constable."
"Now we're in for it!" predicted Midkiff, looking solemnly at Rex.
The latter seemed the least disturbed of any of them. Indeed,
he smiled quietly and went about preparing for the trial of the
catboat.
"Is he coming here?" queried Cloudman after a minute.
"Not first, I guess," said Red, who was likewise pretty solemn.
"But he'll be here all right. He's going over to take another squint at
that permit, I s'pose. If you had only let us get that paper away from
those fellows, Rex——"
"Never mind the ifs and ands, Red," said Rex. "Let's go over
there and see what happens."
"He's got something in reserve," declared Peewee.
"I believe he has," muttered Red.
 Kingdon went about his business, without further word. In a
minute or two their own engine was going, and soon the Spoondrift
moved easily out of the cove. By that time Enos Quibb's motorboat
was almost at the landing where the two canoes lay.
The Walcott Hall boys could see that the fellows at the other
camp had been rounded up by the excitable Pudge. They were all at
the landing when Enos Quibb shut off his engine and stepped
forward to make fast a line. Joe Bootleg remained in the
background; but even he, it seemed, was more than usually
interested.
The boys aboard the catboat could not hear what first was said
by the constable, but they heard Horace Pence laugh his sneering,
musical laugh, and reply:
"You're going to have some job proving that, aren't you, Mr.
Quibb? We have the permit——"
"Then, by gum," the excited constable shouted, "you stole it!
That's what you did. You ain't got no right to it."
"You'd better try to prove that, Enos," Horace said, still
laughing.
"I'm a-goin' to," cried Quibb. "I'm a-goin' to take you fellers—all
of ye—over to Squire Lowder's, an' let him decide this business. No
school of tomcods like yeou, is goin' to fool Enos Quibb right along.
No, sir!"

CHAPTER XX.
KINGDON'S SURPRISING MOVE.
The catboat's engine was suddenly shut off, and then there was no
sound from the water to break the silence that had fallen on the
group ashore. Before anybody aboard the Spoondrift could speak,
Kingdon gestured for silence.
"All right," muttered Red. "I'm willing to get it from here."
Down from the bank above the mooring place came the voice of
Horace Pence, cool as ever. Kingdon, who had begun to consider the
fellow's bad qualities as uppermost, again felt a thrill of admiration
for him.
"Now, Quibb, you know very well you can't do that," Horace was
saying soothingly, but with restrained laughter in his voice. "Why
bother to try and frighten us?"
"I'll show you——"
"You'll show us nothing but warrants for our arrest," retorted
Pence. "You know that's the best you can do—summons us to court.
If you think we have been trespassing here, that's your limit. You
can't scare us a little bit."
"Oh, I can't, hey?" blustered Enos.
"No. Remember we have shown you the permit from the
Manatee Lumber Company."
"I know all about that," said Enos, his lean jaws seeming to bite
off the tart words. "But 'tain't yours. You stole it—or somethin'. I
know you ain't that Kingdon feller, now. That's flat."
"You know a lot," said Pence. But, before speaking, he had
hesitated just an instant. His black eyes had glanced downward and
marked the catboat under the bank, and the listening party in her.
For that instant, indeed, his gaze fell on Rex Kingdon's face. The
latter had smiled suddenly.
 "You know a lot," repeated Horace Pence.
"I got you foul, young feller," said Enos, evidently happy to say
so. His pale eyes gleamed; his freckled face was roseate; he showed
all the venom of the shallow mind and vindictive nature. "You pack
up—all five of ye—an' git off Storm Island. I'm giving you a chance,
when I might have got warrants and pulled ye."
"Say not so!" begged Pence. "You wouldn't really arrest us, Mr.
Quibb?"
"Wouldn't I?" returned the constable. "I wish I'd gone to Squire
Lowder fust-off and got the warrants. No use doing sech fellers a
decent turn. I dunno but I could get ye for false pretenses, takin'
another feller's name the way you did."
"I didn't take the name!" cooed Pence. "You gave it to me."
"You showed me that permit, and acted like it was yourn."
"And isn't it?" chuckled the black-eyed fellow.
"Not by a long chalk!" cried Enos. "I know who Rex Kingdon is
now." He turned and pointed to the catboat. "There he is—that
curly-haired chap that thinks himself almost as funny as you be. I
l'arned who he was t'other day when he was over to Blackport
gettin' fixin's for that engine. I heard Val Spear—he's treasurer of the
Manatee Company—call him Rex Kingdon right on the street. You
ain't him, an' you ain't got no right to that permit."
For the instant Horace Pence seemed to have no reply ready,
although he was quite at ease. His friends were flustered and
terrified.
"There! What did I tell you?" the Walcott Hall boys heard Ben
Comas say.
"Nice mess you've got us into," whined Pudge.
 "The game's up," said Kirby, rather stolidly.
Kingdon made a sign to his friends, and they gathered close
about him in the stern of the catboat, which was drifting in nearer to
the shore.
"Fellows, I'm about to play the trump," he said, his eyes
laughing but his lips grave. "Are you with me?"
"What do you mean, Rex?" demanded Midkiff suspiciously.
But Phillips said promptly: "We're always with you, Blue-Eyes.
Go to it."
"It's some foolishness," began Midkiff again. But Peewee
whispered:
"Put on the muffler, Grouch, and let him have his way. King's
always good fun, no matter what he does."
"What's on your mind, Rex?" asked Cloudman, his curiosity also
aroused.
"Yes, what are you going to do, pitch in and help Enos clean up
the bunch?" asked Red, hopefulness in his tone. "That would have
my approval."
"I'll give you another guess," laughed Rex. "I've a plan that
beats thrashing that crowd, much as they deserve it."
"Unfold it to us," urged Midkiff, still in doubt, "if it's anything
sensible."
"Bide a wee," restrained Rex. "You've got to back me up. No
balking."
"Confound it!" exclaimed Cloudman, "you haven't told us your
scheme."
"No time to discuss it," said Kingdon. "You've got to take my
plan on trust."
 "Now I know it's something foolish," declared John Midkiff.
The nose of the catboat rubbed against the beach, and Rex was
the first one ashore. "Follow your resourceful leader," he called,
laughing over his shoulder at the gloomy face of Midkiff. "Bring a line
ashore, Jawn, and moor the old girl. We don't want to lose her, now
that we've just got the engine to working like a chawm."
Cool as ever, he led the way up the bank. For the last few
moments the Walcott Hall boys had given no attention to what was
being said or done on the island, but now they saw that Enos had
stepped back a pace, and had his little black billy in his hand. He
was threatening:
"You fellers pull up them stakes and begin packin' your stuff, or
I'll crack a few heads. I know what I'm doin'. Squire Lowder'll stand
back of me."
Kingdon came up to the constable, with a good natured smile,
and laid a soothing hand upon his shoulder.
"Why all the disturbance, Mr. Squibb?" he asked. "Don't get
overheated on this sweet and pleasant day——"
"And this bunch of fellows is a sweet and pleasant crowd, I
s'pose, Mr. Kingdon?" snapped Enos. "And my name's Quibb, not
Squibb, if you please."
"Sure, Mr. Fibb. My mistake," said Rex. "What's doing?"
"You know well enough," said the angry Enos. "You helped fool
me, too——"
"Never!" groaned Kingdon. "You know, Mr. Constable, you are a
man who can't be fooled by a parcel of boys. You said so."
"Aw—well. I wasn't sure. This chap had that permit from the
Manatee Company."