SCIENCE

DELHI
2023 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) This question paper consists of 39 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question paper is divided into FIVE sections – Section A, B, C, D and E.
(iii) In section A – question number 1 to 20 are multiple choice questions (MCQs) carrying one mark each.
(iv) In section B – question number 21 to 26 are very short answer (VSA) type questions carrying two marks each. Answer to
these questions should be in the range of 30 to 50 words.
(v) In section C – question number 27 to 33 are short answer (SA) type questions carrying three marks each. Answer to these
questions should be in the range of 50 to 80 words.
(vi) In section D – question number 34 to 36 are long answer (LA) type questions carrying five marks each. Answer to these
questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
(vii) In section E – question number 37 to 39 are of 3 source based/case based units of assessment carrying four marks each
with sub-parts.
(viii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in some sections.

(a) X = Ca ; Y = CaO; Type of reaction = Decomposition

Section-A
(b) X = Mg ; Y = MgO; Type of reaction = Combination
1. When Sodium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric (c) X = Al ; Y = Al2O3; Type of reaction = Thermal
acid, the gas evolved is: (1 Mark) decomposition
(a) Hydrogen; it gives pop sound with burning match stick. (d) X = Zn ; Y = ZnO; Type of reaction = Endothermic
(b) Hydrogen; it turns lime water milky. 4. Acid present in tomato is: (1 Mark)
(c) Carbon dioxide; it turns lime water milky. (a) Methanoic acid (b) Acetic acid
(d) Carbon dioxide; it blows off a burning match stick (c) Lactic acid (d) Oxalic acid
with a pop sound.
5. Sodium hydroxide is termed an alkali while Ferric
2. When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead hydroxide is not because: (1 Mark)
nitrate are mixed, an insoluble substance separates out. (a) Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, while Ferric
The chemical equation for the reaction involved is: hydroxide is a weak base.
 (1 Mark) (b) Sodium hydroxide is a base which is soluble in water
(a) KI + PbNO3 → PbI + KNO3 while Ferric hydroxide is also a base but it is not
(b) 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2KNO3 soluble in water.
(c) KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI + KNO3 (c) Sodium hydroxide is a strong base while Ferric
hydroxide is a strong acid.
(d) KI + PbNO3 → PbI2 + KNO3
(d) Sodium hydroxide and Ferric hydroxide both are
3. A metal ribbon ‘X’ burns in oxygen with a dazzling white strong bases but the solubility of Sodium hydroxide
flame forming a white ash ‘Y’. The correct description of in water is comparatively higher than that of Ferric
X, Y and the type of reaction is: (1 Mark) hydroxide.
 6. The name of the salt used to remove permanent hardness 12. The number of chromosomes in parents and offsprings of a
of water is: (1 Mark) particular species undergoing sexual reproduction remain
(a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) constant due to: (1 Mark)
(b) Sodium chloride (NaCl) (a) doubling of chromosomes after zygote formation.
(c) Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3⋅10H2O) (b) halving of chromosomes after zygote formation.
1 (c) doubling of chromosomes before gamete formation.
(d) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4⋅ H2O)
2
(d) halving of chromosomes at the time of gamete
7. The electron dot structure of chlorine molecule is: formation.
 (1 Mark) 13. Two LED bulbs of 12W and 6W are connected in series. If
xx xx xx
(a) x x (b) x x
x the current through 12W bulb is 0.06A the current through
x Cl x Cl xx x Cl x Cl
xx xx x 6W bulb will be: (1 Mark)
xx xx (a) 0.04A (b) 0.06A
(c) x x (d) x x
x Cl Cl x Cl x Cl
xx (c) 0.08A (d) 0.12A
8. Observe the following diagram and identify the process 14. The correct pattern of magnetic field lines of the field
and its significance from the following options: (1 Mark) produced by a current carrying circular loop is:(1 Mark)

Water vapour

Leaf
(a) N S

–
+
Water
(a) Evaporation: Maintains water contents in leaf cells.
(b) Transpiration: Creates a suction force which pulls
water inside the plant. (b) N S
(c) Excretion: Helps in excreting out waste water from
the plant.
(d) Translocation: Helps in transporting materials from
one cell to another. –
+
9. Opening and closing of stomata is due to: (1 Mark)
(a) High pressure of gases inside the cells.
(b) Movement of water in and out of the guard cells.
(c) Stimulus of light in the guard cells.
(d) Diffusion of CO2 in and out of the guard cells. (c) N S
10. A cross between pea plant with white flowers (vv) and pea
plant with violet flowers (VV) resulted in F2 progeny in –
which ratio of violet (VV) and white (vv) flowers will be: +
 (1 Mark)
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
11. In plants the role of cytokinin is: (1 Mark) (d) N S
(a) Promote cell division.
(b) Wilting of leaves. –
(c) Promote the opening of stomatal pore. +
(d) Help in the growth of stem.

4 SCIENCE
15. The resistance of a resistor is reduced to half of its initial
value. If other parameters of the electrical circuit remain Section-B
unaltered, the amount of heat produced in the resistor will 21. (A) A student took a small amount of copper oxide in a
become: (1 Mark) conical flask and added dilute hydrochloric acid to it
(a) four times (b) two times with constant stirring. He observed a change in colour
of the solution. (2 Marks)
(c) half (d) one fourth (i) Write the name of the compound formed and its
16. An alpha particle enters a uniform magnetic field as colour.
shown. The direction of force experienced by the alpha (ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the
particle is: (1 Mark) reaction involved.
OR
Magnetic (B) The industrial process used for the manufacture of
Field caustic soda involves electrolysis of an aqueous solution
of compound ‘X’. In this process, two gases ‘Y’ and ‘Z’
a-particle are liberated. ‘Y’ is liberated at cathode and ‘Z’, which
(a) towards right (b) towards left is liberated at anode, on treatment with dry slaked lime
(c) into the page (d) out of the page forms a compound ‘B’. Name X, Y, Z and B.
22. (A) Name the part of brain which is responsible for the
Directions (Q.No. 17 to 20): are Assertion – Reasoning based
following actions: (2 Marks)
questions.
(i) Maintaining posture and balance
These consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason
(ii) Beating of heart
(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option
given below. (iii) Thinking
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct (iv) Blood pressure
explanation of (A). OR
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct (B) Where are auxins synthesized in a plant? Which organ
explanation of (A). of the plant shows:
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (i) Positive phototropism
(ii) Negative geotropism
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
(iii) Positive hydrotropism
17. Assertion (A): Reaction of Quicklime with water is an 23. Write one specific function each of the following organs in
exothermic reaction. relation with excretion in human beings: (2 Marks)
Reason (R): Quicklime reacts vigorously with water (i) Renal Artery (ii) Urethra
releasing a large amount of heat. (1 Mark) (iii) Glomerulus (iv) Tubular part of nephron
18. Assertion (A): In humans, if gene (B) is responsible for 24. Two green plants are kept separately in oxygen free
black eyes and gene (b) is responsible for brown eyes, then containers, one in the dark and other in sunlight. It was
the colour of eyes of the progeny having gene combination observed that plant kept in dark could not survive longer.
Bb, bb or BB will be black only. Give reason for this observation. (2 Marks)
25. (A) Observe the following diagram and answer the
Reason (R): The black colour of the eyes is a dominant questions following it:  (2 Marks)
trait. (1 Mark)
19. Assertion (A): The inner walls of the small intestine have
finger like projections called villi which are rich in blood. Retina

Reason (R): These villi have a large surface area to help Light rays
Eye lens Eyeball
the small intestine in completing the digestion of food.
(i) Identify the defect of vision shown.
 (1 Mark)
(ii) List its two causes.
20. Assertion (A): A current carrying straight conductor (iii) Name the type of lens used for the correction of
experiences a force when placed perpendicular to the this defect.
direction of magnetic field.
OR
Reason (R): The net charge on a current carrying
(B) The colour of clear sky from the earth appears blue but
conductor is always zero. (1 Mark) from the space it appears black. Why?

CBSE 2023 (DELHI) 5

26. Use of several pesticides which results in excessive (ii) How is the type of current used in household
accumulation of pesticides in rivers or ponds, is a matter supply different from the one given by a battery
of deep concern. Justify this statement. (2 Marks) of dry cells?
(iii) How does an electric fuse prevent the electric
Section-C circuit and the appliances from a possible damage
due to short circuiting or overloading.
27. (i) While electrolysing water before passing the current
some drops of an acid are added. Why? Name the gases Or
liberated at cathode and anode. Write the relationship (B) 
For the current carrying solenoid as shown, draw
between the volume of gas collected at anode and the magnetic field lines and give reason to explain that out
volume of gas collected at cathode. (3 Marks) of the three points A, B and C, at which point the field
strength is maximum and at which point it is minimum?
(ii) What is observed when silver chloride is exposed to
B
sunlight? Give the type of reaction involved.
A
28. (i) Suggest a safe procedure of diluting a strong C
concentrated acid. (3 Marks)
(ii) Name the salt formed when sulphuric acid is added to 33. Write one difference between biodegradable and
sodium hydroxide and write its pH. non-biodegradable wastes. List two impacts of each type
of the accumulated waste on environment if not disposed
(iii) Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue
of properly. (3 Marks)
litmus paper. Why?
29. (A)   (i) How does Paramecium obtain its food? (3 Marks)
Section-D
(ii) 
List the role of each of the following in our
digestive system: 34. (A) (i) Draw the structure of the following compounds:
(a) Hydrochloric acid (5 Marks)
(b) Trypsin (a) Butanoic acid
(c) Muscular walls of stomach (b) Chloropentane
(d) Salivary amylase (ii) How are structure (i) and structure (ii) given
OR below related to one another? Give reason to
(B) (i) What is double circulation? justify your answer.
CH3 CH3 CH3
(ii) Why is the separation of the right side and the left
side of the heart useful? How does it help birds CH – CH CH3 C – CH2 CH2
and mammals? CH3 CH3 CH3
Structure (i)    Structure (ii)
30. (A) 
Define the following terms in the context of a
Draw one more possible structure for above case.
diverging mirror (3 Marks)
(iii) Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated
(i) Principal focus (ii) Focal length
carbon compounds on the basis of their general
Draw a labelled ray diagram to illustrate your answer. formula.
Or Or
(B) An object of height 10 cm is placed 25 cm away from (B) (i) What happens when a small piece of sodium is
the optical centre of a converging lens of focal length dropped in ethanol? Write the equation for this
15 cm. Calculate the image-distance and height of the reaction.
image formed.
(ii) Why is glacial acetic acid called so?
31. The power of a lens is +4D. Find the focal length of
(iii) What happens when ethanol is heated at 443 K
this lens. An object is placed at a distance of 50 cm
in the presence of conc. H2SO4? Write the role of
from the optical centre of this lens. State the nature and
conc. H2SO4 in this case.
magnification of the image formed by the lens and also
draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. (3 Marks) (iv) Write an equation showing saponification.
32. (A) (i) Why is an alternating current (A.C.) considered 35. (i) 
Name and explain the two modes of asexual
to be advantageous over direct current (D.C.) for reproduction observed in hydra. (5 Marks)
the long distance transmission of electric power? (ii) What is vegetative propagation? List two advantages
 (3 Marks) of using this technique.

6 SCIENCE
36. (i) How is electric current related to the potential sexual reproduction they may not be exactly alike. The
difference across the terminals of a conductor? resemblances as well as differences are marked. The
Draw a labelled circuit diagram to verify this relationship. rules of heredity determine the process by which traits and
(ii) Why should an ammeter have low resistance? characteristics are reliably inherited. Many experiments
(iii) Two V - I graphs A and B for series and parallel have been done to study the rules of inheritance.(4 Marks)
combinations of two resistors are as shown. Giving (i) Why an offspring of human being is not a true copy of
reason state which graph shows (a) series, (b) parallel his parents in sexual reproduction? (1 Mark)
combination of the resistors. (5 Marks) (ii) While performing experiments on inheritance in
B plants, what is the difference between F1 and F2
generation? (1 Mark)
I A (iii) (A) Why do we say that variations are useful for the
survival of a species over time? (2 Marks)
Or
(iii) (B) Study Mendel’s cross between two plants with a
V pair of contrasting characters.
RRYY × rryy
Section-E Round Yellow Wrinkled Green
He observed 4 types of combinations in F2 generation.
37. The melting points and boiling points of some ionic
Which of these were new combinations? Why do new
compounds are given below: (4 Marks)
features which are not present in the parents, appear in
Compound Melting Point (K) Boiling Point (K) F2 generation?
NaCl 1074 1686 39. The ability of a medium to refract light is expressed in
terms of its optical density. Optical density has a definite
LiCl 887 1600
connotation. It is not the same as mass density. On
CaCl2 1045 1900 comparing two media, the one with the large refractive
CaO 2850 3120 index is optically denser medium than the other. The
MgCl2 other medium with a lower refractive index is optically
981 1685
rarer. Also the speed of light through a given medium is
These compounds are termed ionic because they are inversely proportional to its optical density.
formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a (i) 
Determine the speed of light in diamond if the
non-metal. The electron transfer in such compounds is refractive index of diamond with respect to vacuum is
controlled by the electronic configuration of the elements 2.42. Speed of light in vacuum is 3×108 m/s. (1 Mark)
involved. Every element tends to attain a completely filled (ii) 
Refractive indices of glass, water and carbon
valence shell of its nearest noble gas or a stable octet. disulphide are 1.5, 1.33 and 1.62 respectively. If a ray
(i) Show the electron transfer in the formation of of light is incident in these media at the same angle
magnesium chloride. (1 Mark) (say θ), then write the increasing order of the angle of
(ii) List two properties of ionic compounds other than refraction in these media. (1 Mark)
their high melting and boiling points. (1 Mark) (iii) (A) The speed of light in glass is 2×108 m/s and in
(iii) (A) While forming an ionic compound, say sodium water is 2.25×108 m/s. (2 Marks)
chloride, how does sodium atom attain its stable (a) Which one of the two is optically denser and
configuration? (2 Marks) why?
Or (b) A ray of light is incident normally at the
water-glass interface when it enters a thick
(B) Give reasons: glass container filled with water. What will
(i) Why do ionic compounds in the solid state happen to the path of the ray after entering
not conduct electricity? the glass? Give reason.
(ii) What happens at the cathode when electricity Or
is passed through an aqueous solution of (B) The absolute refractive indices of water and glass
sodium chloride? are 4/3 and 3/2 respectively. If the speed of light
38. The most obvious outcome of the reproductive process in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, find the speed of light in
is the generation of individuals of similar design, but in (i) vacuum and (ii) water.

CBSE 2023 (DELHI) 7

 EXPLANATIONS
1. (c) 
Carbon dioxide gas is produced when sodium 14. (c) The correct pattern of magnetic field lines of the
hydrogen carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid field produced by a current carrying circular loop is
react. (1 Mark) concentric circles around the loop. (1 Mark)
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + CO2 + H2O 15. (b) The resistance of a resistor is reduced to half of its
It turns milky when it passes through lime water. initial value. If other parameters of the electrical
circuit remain unaltered, the amount of heat produced
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O (aq)
in the resistor will become two times. (1 Mark)
2. (b) 
Reaction of potassium iodide and lead nitrate is
16. (d) Out of the page. (1 Mark)
shown as: (1 Mark)
17. (a) Heat is released during an exothermic reaction along
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Kl (aq) → PbI2(s) (↓) + 2KNO3 (aq)
with the formation of products. (1 Mark)
3. (b) 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO + ∆ (1 Mark)
18. (d) The correct option is (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
X = Mg, Y = MgO and the reaction is a combination  (1 Mark)
reaction.
19. (b) The correct option is (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but
4. (d) Acid present in tomatoes is Oxalic acid. (1 Mark) (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).  (1 Mark)
5. (b) The bases which dissolves in water are known as 20. (b) 
Assertion (A) is correct because when a current-
alkali. NaOH is a base which dissolve in water while carrying straight conductor is placed perpendicular to
Fe(OH)3 is insoluble in water but it can act as base. the direction of magnetic field, it experiences a force
known as magnetic force.
(1 Mark)
Reason (R) is also correct because the net charge on
6. (c) Permanent hardness of water is removed by sodium a current-carrying conductor is zero. This is because
carbonate decahydrate ((Na2CO3.10H2O). (1 Mark) the current is made up of equal and opposite charges
7. (c) The electron dot structure of chlorine molecule is moving in opposite directions, which cancel out each
shown as: (1 Mark) other’s effect.
Hence, both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct,
xx
•• and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
x Cl x
Cl • assertion (A). (1 Mark)
x • •
xx •• 21. (A) (i) When CuO (Copper oxide) is mixed with dilute
HCl (Hydrochloric acid), it will give a bluish-
8. (b) Transpiration: Creates a suction force which pulls green color salt of cupric chloride (CuCl2) and
water inside the plant. (1 Mark) water. (1 Mark)
9. (b) Movement of water in and out of the guard cells. (ii) The reaction between CuO and dil. HCl is shown
 (1 Mark) as: (1 Mark)
CuO (s) + 2HCl(aq) → CuCl2 (aq) + H2O
10. (c) The correct option is (c) 3 : 1. (1 Mark) (Copper oxide) (Hydrochloric (Cupric chloride)
11. (a) The correct option is (a) Promote cell division. acid) 
 (1 Mark) OR
12. (d) The correct option is (d) Halving of chromosomes at (B) 
Electrolysis of aqueous solution of NaCl (X) is
the time of gamete formation. (1 Mark) used for the production of caustic soda (NaOH). It's
reaction is:
13. (b) The total power of the two bulbs connected in series is 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
18W (12W + 6W). (X) (Z) (Y)
Since they are connected in series, the current passing (1 Mark)
through both of the bulbs is the same. Reaction of Z with dry slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) is:
Therefore, the current passing through the 6W bulb is
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O(1 Mark)
0.06A. (1 Mark) (Z) (B)

8 SCIENCE
22. (A) The correct answer is: atmosphere. The blue light has a shorter wavelength
Action Part of the Brain and is scattered more than the other colors, making it
more visible to our eyes. (1 Mark)
(i) Maintaining posture and Cerebellum
balance However, from space, the atmosphere is not visible,
(ii) Beating of heart Medulla oblongata and the sky appears black. This is because there is no
atmosphere to scatter the sunlight, and the scattered
(iii) Thinking Cerebral cortex
blue light does not reach space. Therefore, from
(iv) Blood pressure Medulla oblongata space, the sky appears black. Hence, the color of the
 (2 Marks) sky appears blue from the Earth due to the scattering
OR of sunlight by the atmosphere, while it appears black
from space due to the absence of the atmosphere. 
(B) Auxins are synthesized at the tip of the plant shoot.
 (1 Mark)
Phenomenon Part of the Plant 26. The excessive use of pesticides can result in their
(i) Positive phototropism Stem accumulation in rivers or ponds. They may be washed down
(ii) Negative geotropism Stem into the soil or water bodies and absorbed by plants and
aquatic organisms. As these chemicals are not degradable,
(iii) Positive hydrotropism Root
they accumulate progressively at each trophic level. This
 (2 Marks) is a matter of deep concern as it can lead to biological
23. The functions of the given organs in relation to excretion magnification. Biological magnification is the process
are: by which certain chemicals, such as pesticides, become
(i) 
Renal artery: Supplies blood to the kidneys for more concentrated in the tissues of organisms higher up
filtration. (½ Mark) the food chain. Human beings occupy the top level in any
(ii) Urethra: Eliminates urine from the body. (½ Mark) food chain, and as a result, the maximum concentration
of these chemicals accumulates in our bodies leading to
(iii) 
Glomerulus: Filters blood and removes waste
negative impacts on our health. (2 Marks)
products. (½ Mark)
(iv) Tubular part of nephron: Reabsorbs useful molecules 27. (i) To make water more conductive before electrolysis,
and ions and secretes waste products for elimination. acid is added to the solution. This makes it simple
 (½ Mark) for the current to move through the solution. At the
cathode, hydrogen gas is released, whereas at the
24. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to convert anode, oxygen gas is released. (1 Mark)
carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
The glucose is then used to produce energy for various The cathode gas collection volume is twice as large as
metabolic processes by the plants. The plant kept in the the anode gas collection volume.
dark could not survive longer as it could not perform 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) (1 Mark)
photosynthesis to carry out its metabolic processes. (ii) Silver metal and chlorine gas are produced during the
While the plant kept in sunlight was able to carry out decomposition of silver chloride when it is exposed to
photosynthesis and survive. The oxygen-free container did light. The reaction is known as photolytic reaction.
not affect the survival of the plants, as they produce their  (1 Mark)
own oxygen during photosynthesis. (2 Marks)
28. (i) Dilution must take place by adding conc. acid into
25. (A) (i) The defect of vision is myopia. (½ Mark) water by constant stirring. As dilution is an exothermic
(ii) (a) The eye lens becomes too convex or curved. process, so it may be possible that acid may spill out
(b)  Depth of the eyeball is too much i.e. eyeball if water is added to a bottle containing concentrated
lengthened from front to back. When the acid. (1 Mark)
length of the eyeball is too long as compared (ii) When H2SO4 is added to NaOH, formation of salt
to the focusing power of the lens of the eye (Na2SO4) takes place. As it is a neutral salt. Hence pH
and cornea. (1 Mark) of the salt is 7.
(iii) Concave lens is used for the correction of this 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
defect. (½ Mark)  (1 Mark)
OR +
(iii) HCl can produces H in aqueous solution. It can act
(B) The color of the clear sky appears blue on the as acid in aq. solution. Hence, it changes the colour of
Earth because of the scattering of sunlight by the litmus paper only in aqueous solution. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2023 (DELHI) 9

 29. (A) (i) The movement of cilia plays an important role in Convex or Diverging Mirror
the feeding process of Paramoecium, which has
Reflected Rays Convex Mirror
a definite shape and takes in food at a specific M
spot. The movement of cilia, which cover the Parallel Rays
entire surface of the cell, helps to move the food
towards this specific spot. Once the food is swept (Focus)
in, it is engulfed by the cell and digested in food Principal Axis
vacuoles. (Pole) P F C
(ii) Role of given components in our digestive system: (Centre of
Curvature)
Component Role
M'
(a) H
 ydrochloric Creates an acidic medium
f
acid that facilitates the action of
the enzyme pepsin. (Focal
Length) 
(b) Trypsin Digests proteins into smaller
 (1 Mark)
peptides and amino acids.
OR
(c) Muscular walls Helps in churning and
of stomach mixing the food thoroughly (B) Given,
with digestive juices. Object height (h) = 10 cm
(d) Salivary Breaks down complex Object distance (u) = –25 cm (since the object is
amylase molecules of starch into placed on the left side of the lens)
simpler sugars. Focal length (f) = 15 cm
 (1 + 2 = 3 Marks) We can use the lens formula, 1/f = 1/v – 1/u,
OR  (1 Mark)
(B) (i) 
Double circulation is a type of circulation in Substituting the values, we get:
which the blood passes through the heart twice 1/15 = 1/v – 1/–25
in one complete cycle. This type of circulation 1/v = 1/15 – 1/25
is found in birds and mammals, where the
1/v = (5 – 3)/75
blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs for
oxygenation and then back to the heart before 1/v = 2/75 ⇒ v = 75/2 cm
being circulated to the rest of the body. v = 37.5 cm
(ii) The separation of the right side and the left side Therefore, the image distance (v) is 37.5 cm.
of the heart is useful to keep oxygenated and  (1 Mark)
deoxygenated blood from mixing. Such separation Now, we can use the magnification formula, m = v/u,
allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the to find the magnification (m).
body. This is useful in animals that have high
Substituting the values, we get:
energy needs, such as birds and mammals, which
constantly use energy to maintain their body m = 37.5/–25
temperature. (1+2=3 Marks) m = –1.5
30. (A) (i) 
Principal focus: The principal focus of a Again, m = h′/h,
diverging mirror is a point on the principal axis of –1.5 = h′/10
the mirror where the rays of light parallel to the h′ = –1.5 × 10
principal axis appear to diverge after reflection. It
h′ = –15 cm
is denoted by the letter F. (1 Mark)
Therefore, the image height (h′) is 15 cm.
(ii) 
Focal length: The focal length of a diverging
mirror is the distance between the pole (P) and the Hence, the image-distance is 37.5 cm and the height
principal focus (F). It is denoted by the letter f. of the image formed is 15 cm. (1 Mark)
 (1 Mark) 31. Given, the power of the lens P = +4D.
Here’s a labelled ray diagram that illustrates the We know that the relation between power (P) of a lens and
above explanation: its focal length (f  ) is given by:

10 SCIENCE
 P = 1/f (½ Mark) transmit and distribute over long distances, while
Substituting the value of P, we get: DC is used in batteries because it can be stored
4 = 1/f and used over a longer period of time. (1 Mark)
Therefore, the focal length of the lens is f = 1/4 = 0.25 m (iii) An electric fuse prevents the electric circuit and
or 25 cm. (½ Mark) the appliances from possible damage due to short
circuiting or overloading by breaking the circuit
Now, the object is placed at a distance of 50 cm from the
when the current flowing through it exceeds
optical centre of the lens. Using the lens formula, 1/f = 1/v
a certain limit. The fuse is designed to melt
–1/u, we can find the image distance (v)
and break the circuit when the current exceeds
Substituting the values, we get, the rated value, thus protecting the electrical
1/25 = 1/v – 1/–50 appliances from damage. The fuse is connected
1/v = 1/25 – 1/50 in series with the appliance or circuit, and it has a
1/v = (2 – 1)/50 thin wire or filament that melts when the current
exceeds the rated value. This breaks the circuit
v = 50 cm
and prevents the flow of current, protecting the
v = 50 cm appliances and the electrical circuit from damage.
Therefore, the image distance is v = 50 cm. (½ Mark)  (1 Mark)
Now, to find the nature of the image, We can find the OR
magnification (m) using the magnification formula: (B) Part-1: Draw magnetic field lines of solenoid
m = v/u
Substituting the values, we get:
B
m = –50 / 50 cm = –1
Therefore, the nature of the image is real and inverted and A
the magnification is m = –1. (½ Mark)
Here is the labelled ray diagram to justify the answer:
 (2 Marks)
M
A Part-2: Maximum and minimum field strength
• In inside part of solenoid the number of field lines
B o F2 2F2
are very dense.
2F1 F1 C2 B' • In outside part of solenoid, the number of field
lines are less dense.
50 cm 50 cm
N A'  • Therefore the magnetic field is maximum at point
 (1 Mark) A and minimum at point B. (1 Mark)
32. (A) (i)  Alternating current (A.C.) is considered 33. Waste Type Difference Impacts on
advantageous over direct current (D.C.) for the Environment if
long distance transmission of electric power Not Disposed
because of the following reasons: AC can be off Properly
transmitted over long distances with less power Biodegradable Can be broken 1. Spread of
loss compared to DC. AC voltage can be easily Waste down by living diseases,
stepped up or down using transformers, which organisms. 2. Attracts pests.
is not possible with DC. AC generators are more
efficient and less expensive to build and maintain Non-Biodegrad- Cannot be broken 1. Pollution,
than DC generators.  (1 Mark) able Waste down naturally by 2. B
 iological
living organisms. magnification.
(ii) The type of current used in household supply
is alternating current (AC), while the one given  (3 Marks)
by a battery of dry cells is direct current (DC). 34. (A) (i) Structure of butanoic acid is shown as: (½ Mark)
The main difference between the two is the H H H O
direction of the current flow. In AC, the current
H C C C C OH
changes direction periodically, while in DC, the
current flows in one direction only. AC is used in H H H
household supply because it is easier to generate,

CBSE 2023 (DELHI) 11

 Structure of Chloropentane is shown as: (½ Mark) (iii) Ether gives alkene at 443 K in the presence of
H H H H H H2SO4. (1 Mark)
H H The reaction is shown as:
C C C C C Hot conc. H SO
CH3CH2OH →
2 4
CH2 = CH2 + H2O
Cl H H H H
Sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent.
(ii) CH3 CH3 CH3
 (½ Mark)
CH – CH CH3 C – CH2 CH3 (iv) Reaction of ester in the presence of base give
CH3 CH3 CH3 carboxylic acids and alcohols is known as
saponification reaction.
Structure (i) Structure (ii)
 (1 Mark) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa +
C2H5OH. (1 Mark)
Structure (i) is 2,3-dimethylbutane and structure (ii) is
35. (i) Hydra can reproduce asexually through two modes:
2,2-dimethylbutane
Budding: In this mode of asexual reproduction, a small
Both structures are isomers to each other due to
bud grows out of the body of the parent organism,
same molecular formula (C6H14) but different in
which eventually develops into a new individual.
arrangement of atoms.  (1 Mark)
One more possible isomer of the compound is: Regeneration: In this mode of asexual reproduction,
H3C — CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — CH3 the organism can regenerate a new individual from a
n-hexane  small piece of its body. (1 Mark)
 (1 Mark) (ii) 
Vegetative propagation is a method of plant
(iii) When all of the carbon atoms are connected by propagation in which new individuals are produced
a single covalent bond and each carbon atom from vegetative parts of a parent plant, such as stems,
is directly connected to four other atoms, the roots, leaves or buds. (1 Mark)
hydrocarbon is said to be saturated. For example: Two advantages of using vegetative propagation are:
alkanes. (½ Mark) Maintaining desirable traits: Vegetative propagation
can be used to maintain the desirable traits of a plant

General formula of the saturated hydrocarbon is: variety since the new plant is genetically identical to
CnH2n+2. the parent plant. (1 Mark)
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those that have at least Faster growth: Plants raised by vegetative propagation
one double or triple carbon-carbon bond in their can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced
carbon chain or ring. (½ Mark) from seeds. (1 Mark)
If carbon atoms are connected by double bonds, then 36. (i) 
Electric current is directly related to the potential
it is referred to as alkene (½ Mark) difference across the terminals of a conductor. This
General formula of the alkene is: CnH2n. relationship is described by Ohm’s law, which states
that the current flowing through a conductor is directly
If carbon atoms are connected by triple bonds, then it proportional to the potential difference across its ends,
is referred to as alkyne (½ Mark) provided the physical conditions such as temperature
General formula of the alkene is: CnH2n-2. remain constant. Mathematically, Ohm’s law can be
OR expressed as:
I = V/R
(B) (i) A little piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol,
where I is the current flowing through the conductor,
where it reacts gradually to release hydrogen
V is the potential difference across its ends, and R is
gas bubbles and produce a colourless sodium the resistance of the conductor. (1 Mark)
ethoxide solution, or CH3CH2ONa (1 Mark) To verify this relationship, here is a labelled circuit
2CH3CH2OH(l) + 2Na(s) → 2CH3CH2O(aq)
– + diagram:
+v v v v-
+
2Na (aq) + H2(g) (½ Mark)
(ii) Glacial acetic acid is a completely pure (100%)
form of acetic acid. Anhydrous acid has a melting
R – K
point of 170°C. Below this temperature, it is solid +
A (•)
and seems ice. As a result, it appears glacial.
 (1 Mark) V
+ –

12 SCIENCE
 38. (i) In sexual reproduction, offspring inherit half of their
2.0 genetic material from each parent, which means that

Potential difference (V)

0.6 they are not identical copies of either parent. The
× combination of genetic material from both parents
1.2 ×
× leads to variations in traits and characteristics that are
0.8 ×
× not present in either parent. (1 Mark)
0.4 × (ii) 
The following table summarizes the difference
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 between F1 and F2 generations:

Current (A) (2 Marks) F1 Generation F2 Generation
(ii) An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the The first filial generation The second filial
flow of electric current in a circuit. It should have low is obtained by crossing generation are obtained
resistance to prevent its own resistance from affecting two distinct parents. by self-crossing the F1
the circuit being measured. If the ammeter has high generation.
resistance, it will draw a significant amount of current All offspring in the A 3:1 ratio of
from the circuit, leading to inaccurate measurements. F1 generation show dominant and recessive
Therefore, to ensure accurate measurements, an dominant characteristics. phenotypes is observed
ammeter should have low resistance. (1 Mark) in the F2 generation.
(iii) The slope of V-I graph gives the resistance. Since the The F1 generation have The F2 generation
straight line A is less steep, its resistance is less. We single type of genotype. exhibits a combination
know that, in a parallel combination, the equivalent of both types of alleles
resistance is less than in series combination. So, A in their genotype.
represents the series combination and B represents the
 (1 Mark)
parallel combination. (1 Mark)
For example a monohybrid cross illustrating the
–
× ×× × differences:
× ×× × × Cl ×
Cl×
×× 2+ ×× P generation Tall × Dwarf
37. (a) (i) Mg + Mg TT
– tt
××
×Cl × × ×× ×
× Cl ×
××
×
×× Meiosis ↓ ↓
(2,8,2) Two (2,8) Two Gametes T t
(1 Mark)
(ii) Ionic compounds conduct electricity in solution F1 generation Tt Tall (hybrid)
or in molten state.
Tt × Tt (selfing)
Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water
Meiosis ↓ ↓
and insoluble in solvents. (1 Mark)
(iii) (A) By losing one electron Na attains noble gas Gametes T t T t
configuration and it forms ionic compound
T t
NaCl. Cl gains one electron by Na to achieve
noble gas configuration. TT Phenotypic
T Tt
Na → Na+ + e– Gametes (tall) (dwarf) ratio = 3:1
Cl + e– → Cl– Genotypic
t Tt tt
On adding both equation: F2 generation (dwarf) ratio = 1:2:1
(tall)
Na+ + Cl– → NaCl (2 Marks)
(iii) (A) 
Variations are important for the survival of a
Or species over time as they provide the genetic
(iii) (B) (i) Ionic compounds have rigid structure diversity necessary for adaptation to changing
and movement of ions is not possible in environments. (2 Marks)
rigid structure. Hence, ionic solids do not
Or
conduct electricity. (1 Mark)
(iii) (B) Mendel’s cross between two plants with a pair of
(ii) H2 is produced at the cathode and O2 is contrasting characters, Round Yellow (RRYY)
produced at the anode during the electrolysis and Wrinkled Green (rryy), resulted in 4 types of
of a aqueous solution of NaOH. (1 Mark) combinations in the F2 generation:

CBSE 2023 (DELHI) 13

 1. Round Yellow Snell’s law: n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2
2. Round Green where n1 and θ1 are the refractive index and angle of
3. Wrinkled Yellow incidence of the first medium, and n2 and θ2 are the
4. Wrinkled Green refractive index and angle of refraction of the second
Here’s the cross between the two homozygous medium.
parents, Round Yellow (RRYY) and Wrinkled For the same angle of incidence (θ), the angle of
Green (rryy): refraction (θ2) will be minimum in the medium with
RRYY rryy the highest refractive index.
Parent Round yellow Wrinkled green  Therefore, the increasing order of the angle of
refraction is: Carbon disulphide < Glass< Water
 (1 Mark)
Gametes RY ry
(iii) (A)
(a) The optical density of a medium is directly
F1 generation RrYy proportional to its refractive index. Therefore,
Round yellow the medium with the higher refractive index
RY rY Ry ry (glass with n = 1.5) is optically denser than the
RRYY RrYY RRYy RrYy medium with the lower refractive index (water
RY Round Round Round Round with n = 1.33). (1 Mark)
yellow yellow yellow yellow (b) When a ray of light enters a thick glass container
RrYY rrYY RrYy rrYy filled with water, it will undergo refraction at the
rY Round Wrinkled Round Wrinkled water-glass interface. Since the light is incident
yellow yellow yellow yellow normally (perpendicular to the interface), it will
RRYy RrYy RRyy Rryy not change direction. After entering the glass, the
Ry Round Round Round Round light will continue to travel in a straight line but
yellow yellow green green at a slower speed due to the higher optical density
RrYy rrYy Rryy rryy of glass compared to water. (1 Mark)
ry Round Winkled Round Wrinkled
Or
yellow yellow green green
(B)
The new combinations observed in the F2 generation are:
(i) To find the speed of light in vacuum, we can use
Round Green and Wrinkled Yellow. (1 Mark)
the given refractive index of glass:
New combinations of traits that are not present in the
Speed of light in glass = Speed of light in vacuum
parents can appear in the F2 generation due to the law
/ Refractive index of glass
of independent assortment. This law states that when
Substituting the given values, we get:
two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, one pair
of characters segregates independently of the other 2 × 108 m/s = Speed of light in vacuum/3/2
pair of characters. (1 Mark) Speed of light in vacuum = (2 × 108 m/s) × (3/2)
= 3 × 108 m/s
39. (i) The speed of light in diamond can be calculated using
Therefore, the speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 m/s.
the formula:
 (1 Mark)
Speed of light in diamond = Speed of light in vacuum/
refractive index of diamond (ii) To find the speed of light in water, we can use the
Substituting the given values, we get: given refractive index of water:
 Speed of light in water = Speed of light in
Speed of light in diamond = 3×108/2.42 = 1.24×108 m/s
vacuum/Refractive index of water
Therefore, the speed of light in diamond is 1.24 × 108 m/s.
Substituting the given values, we get:
 (1 Mark)
Speed of light in water = (3 × 108 m/s)/(4/3)
(ii) The increasing order of the angle of refraction in = 2.25 × 108 m/s
glass, water, and carbon disulphide can be determined  Therefore, the speed of light in water is
by using 2.25 × 108 m/s. (1 Mark)

14 SCIENCE
 Outside DELHI
2023 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) This question paper consists of 39 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question paper is divided into FIVE sections – Section A, B, C, D and E.
(iii) In section A – question number 1 to 20 are multiple choice questions (MCQs) carrying one mark each.
(iv) In section B – question number 21 to 26 are very short answer (VSA) type questions carrying two marks each. Answer to
these questions should be in the range of 30 to 50 words.
(v) In section C – question number 27 to 33 are short answer (SA) type questions carrying three marks each. Answer to these
questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words.
(vi) In section D – question number 34 to 36 are long answer (LA) type questions carrying five marks each. Answer to these
questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
(vii) In section E – question number 37 to 39 are of 3 source based/case based units of assessment carrying four marks each
with sub-parts.
(viii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in some sections.

H
Section-A H
H
Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four C C
options given for each of the questions 1-20. There is no
C.
H C C H
negative mark for incorrect response.
1. Consider the structures of the three cyclic carbon C C
compounds A, B and C given below and select the correct H
H
option from the following: (1 Mark) H
H H (a) A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.
H H (b) A is an isomer of hexane, B is benzene and C is an
C C
H isomer of hexene.
A.
H
C
(c) A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are
C
H unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
H
C
(d) A is cyclohexane and B and C are the isomers of
C
H H benzene.
H H 2. Select washing soda from the following: (1 Mark)
H H (a) NaHCO3 (b) Na2CO3·5H2O
C C (c) Na2CO3·10H2O (d) NaOH
3. Copper is used for making cooking utensils. Which of the
B. H C C H following physical properties of copper is NOT responsible
for the same? (1 Mark)
C C (a) Malleability (b) High melting point
H H (c) Thermal conductivity (d) High reactivity
 4. The table below has information regarding pH and the The option that justifies the above stated observation is
nature (acidic/basic) of four different solutions. Which one that ‘X’ is aqueous calcium· hydroxide and
of the options in the table is correct? (1 Mark) (a) it turns milky due to carbon dioxide gas liberated in
the reaction and after sometime it becomes colourless
Option Solution Colour of Approximate Nature of
due to formation of calcium carbonate.
pH paper pH value solution
(b) it turns milky due to formation of calcium carbonate
(a) Lemon Orange 3 Basic and on passing excess of carbon dioxide it becomes
juice colourless due to formation of calcium hydrogen
(b) Milk of Blue 10 Basic carbonate which is soluble in water.
magnesia (c) it turns milky due to passing of carbon dioxide through
(c) Gastric Red 6 Acidic it. It turns colourless as on further passing carbon
juice dioxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed which
is soluble in water.
(d) Pure Yellow 7 Neutral (d) the carbon dioxide liberated during the reaction turns
water lime water milky due to formation of calcium hydrogen
5. MnO2 + xHCl → MnCl2 + yH2O + zCl2 carbonate and after some time it turns colourless due
In order to balance the above chemical equation, the values to formation of calcium carbonate which is soluble in
of x, y and z respectively are: (1 Mark) water.
(a) 6, 2, 2 (b) 4, 1, 2 8. Select endothermic reaction from the following:(1 Mark)
(c) 4, 2, 1 (d) 2, 2, 1 (a) Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost.
6. The emission of brown fumes in the given experimental (b) Decomposition of calcium carbonate to form quick
set-up is due to (1 Mark) lime and carbon dioxide.
(c) Burning of a candle.
(d) Process of respiration.
9. Select from the following the correct statement about
tropic movement in plants: (1 Mark)
(a) It is due to stimulus of touch and temperature.
(b) It does not depend upon the direction of stimulus
received.
(c) It is observed only in roots and not in stems.
(d) It is a growth related movement.
10. The statement that correctly describes the characteristic(s)
(a) thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces of a gene is: (1 Mark)
brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide. (a) In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is
(b) thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces located on a particular chromosome.
brown fumes of lead oxide. (b) A gene is not the information source for making
(c) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and proteins in the cell.
nitrogen dioxide. (c) Each chromosome has only one-gene located all along
(d) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and oxygen. its length.
7. In the experimental setup given below, it is observed that (d) All the inherited traits in human beings are not
on passing the gas produced in the reaction in the solution controlled by genes.
‘X’ the solution ‘X’ first turns milky and then colourless.
11. Consider the following statements about small intestine
 (1 Mark) and select the one which is NOT correct: (1 Mark)
(a) The length of the small intestine in animals differs as
it depends on the type of food they eat.
(b) The small intestine is the site of complete digestion of
food.
(c) The small intestine receives secretions from liver and
pancreas.
(d) The villi of the ·small intestine absorb water from
the unabsorbed food before it gets removed -from the
body via the anus.

16 SCIENCE
12. An organism which breaks down the food material outside Reason (R): The current in each circular turn has the same
the body and then absorbs it is (1 Mark) direction and the magnetic field due to each turn then just
(a) a plant parasite, Cuscuta. adds up. (1 Mark)
(b) an animal parasite, Tapeworm. 18. Assertion (A): The anaerobic respiration which takes
(c) a bacteria, Rhizobium. place in yeast, has one of the end products as an acid.
(d) a fungi, Rhizopus. Reason (R): During anaerobic respiration, there is
13. The resultant magnetic field at point ‘P situated midway incomplete breakdown of glucose. (1 Mark)
between two parallel wires (placed horizontally) each 19. Assertion (A): Genes inherited from the parents decide
carrying a steady current I is (1 Mark) the sex of a child.
A B Reason (R): X chromosome in a male child is inherited
from his father. (1 Mark)
P 20. Assertion (A): The colour of aqueous solution of copper
C D sulphate turns colourless when a piece of lead is added to it.
(a) in the same direction as the current in the wires. Reason (R): Lead is more reactive than copper, and hence
displaces copper from its salt solution.  (1 Mark)
(b) in the vertically upward direction.
(c) zero Section-B
(d) in the vertically downward direction.
Question No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions.
14. An electric iron of 1500W, 200V and a flash light of 500W,
200V are used in homes. The rating of fuse to be used 21. List two reasons to show that the existence of decomposers
should be (1 Mark) is essential in an ecosystem. (2 Marks)
(a) 5A (b) 10A 22. (a) A narrow beam XY of white light is passing through a
(c) 15A (d) 20A glass prism ABC as shown in the diagram: (2 Marks)
A
15. In domestic electric circuits the wiring with 15A current P
rating is for the electric devices which have (1 Mark)
Y
(a) higher power ratings such as geyser.
(b) lower power ratings such as fan.
X B C Q
(c) metallic bodies and low power ratings.
(d) non-metallic bodies and low power ratings. Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the
emergent beam as observed on the screen PQ.
16. If four identical resistors, of resistance 8 ohm, are first
connected in series so as to give an effective resistance RS, Name the phenomenon observed and state its cause.
and then connected in parallel so as to give an effective OR
resistance RP, then the ratio RS/RP is (1 Mark)
(b) It is observed that the power of an eye to see nearby
(a) 32 (b) 2 objects as well as far off objects diminishes with age.
(c) 0.5 (d) 16 (i) Give reason for the above statement.
Direction (Q. No. 17 to 20): The following questions consist of (ii) Name the defect that is likely to arise in the eyes
two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these in such a condition.
questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
(iii) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the type of
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of corrective lens used for restoring the vision of
A. such an eye.
(b) 
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct 23. Name the part of the human excretory system where
explanation of A. nephrons are found. Write the structure and function of
(c) A is true, but R is false nephrons. (2 Marks)
(d) A is false, but R is true. 24. A knife which is used to cut a fruit was immediately dipped
17. Assertion (A): The strength of the magnetic field produced into water containing drops of blue litmus solution. If the
at the centre of a current carrying Circular coil increases colour of the solution is changed to red, what inference can
on increasing the number of turns in it. be drawn about the nature of the fruit and why?(2 Marks)

CBSE 2023 (Outside DELHI) 17

25. Write the sequence of events that involve response of a OR
person when dust particle is inhaled through the nose by (b) (i) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of
him. (2 Marks) (1) a current carrying solenoid
(2) a bar magnet
26. (a) (i) A compound ‘X’ which is ·prepared from gypsum
(ii) List two distinguishing features between the two
has the property of hardening when mixed with
fields.
proper quantity of water.
Identify ‘X’ and write its chemical formula. 29. A person is suffering from an eye defect in which the far
point of the eye is nearer than infinity. Identify the defect.
(ii) State the difference in chemical composition List two main causes of this defect.
between baking soda and baking powder: Draw a ray diagram to show how this defect is corrected
 (2 Marks) by using a suitable lens. (3 Marks)
OR
30. (a) The image of an object formed by a lens is of same size
(b) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction that but inverted. If the object distance is 30 cm, calculate
occurs when: (i) The distance between the object and its image.
(i) blue coloured copper sulphate crystals are heated (ii) Focal length of the lens.
and (b) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed in
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated during above case. (3 Marks)
cooking. 31. (a) (i) State the role of ATP in cellular respiration.
(ii) What ensures sufficient exchange of gases in
Section-C plants?
(iii) State the conditions on which the direction of
Question No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions. diffusion of gases in plant depend upon.
27. (a) (i) Why does-a kitchen garden called an artificial  (3 Marks)
ecosystem while a forest is considered to be a OR
natural ecosystem? (b) (i) What is the internal energy reserve in plants and
(ii) While designing an artificial ecosystem at home, animals?
write any two things to be kept in mind to convert (ii) How desert plants perform photosynthesis if their
it into a self-sustaining system. Give reason to stomata remain closed during the day?
justify your answer. (3 Marks) 32. Write the chemical composition of tooth enamel. Under
OR what conditions of pH it starts corroding? Explain the
(b) (i) Construct a food chain of four trophic levels reason of tooth decay and suggest one method to prevent it.
comprising the following:  (3 Marks)
Hawk, snake, plants, rat. 33. (a) Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions:
(ii) 
20,000 J of energy was transferred by the (i) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
producers to the organism of second trophic (ii) H2O + F2 → HF + HOF
level. Calculate the amount of energy that will be (iii) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
transferred by organisms of the third trophic level (iv) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
to the organisms of the fourth trophic level.
28. (a) (i) State the rule used to find the force acting on (b) Define a redox reaction in terms of gain or loss of
a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic oxygen. (3 Marks)
field.
Section-D
(ii) Given below are three diagrams showing entry
on an electron in a magnetic field. Identify the Question No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.
case in which the force will be (1) maximum
and (2) minimum respectively. Give reason for 34. (a) An electric iron consumes energy at a rate of 880W
your answer. (3 Marks) when heating is at the maximum rate and 330W when
the heating is at the minimum. If the source voltage is
Electron Electron 220V, calculate the current and resistance in each case.
Magnetic Magnetic Electron (b) What is heating effect of electric current?
field field Magnetic (c) Find an expression for the amount of heat produced
field
when a current passes through a resistor for some
(i) (ii) (iii) time. (5 Marks)

18 SCIENCE
35. (a) What happens when the egg is not fertilised? Concave Mirror
(b) 
How is sperm genetically different from a human
egg/ova?
(c) List any three contraceptive methods practiced for
F O
family planning. Mention how these methods work. Principal
 (5 Marks) axis
36. (a) A saturated organic compound ‘A’ belongs to the
Principal Focus
homologous series of alcohols.
On heating ‘A’ with concentrated sulphuric acid at (a) List two applications of concave mirror. (1 Mark)
443 K. it forms an unsaturated compound B’ with (b) If the distance between the mirror and the principal
molecular mass 28u. focus is 15 cm, find the radius of curvature of the mirror.
The compound B on addition of one mole of hydrogen  (1 Mark)
in the presence of Nickel, changes to a saturated (c) Draw a ray diagram to show the type of image formed
hydrocarbon ‘C’. when an object is placed between pole and focus of a
concave mirror. (2 Marks)
(i) Identify A, B and C.
Or
(ii) 
Write the chemical equations showing the
(c) An object 10 cm in size is placed at 100 cm in front
conversion of A into B.
of a concave mirror. If its image is formed at the
What happens when compound C undergoes
(iii)  same point where the object is located, find:
combustion?
(i) focal length of the mirror, and
(iv) State one industrial application of hydrogenation (ii) magnification of the image formed with sign as
reaction. per Cartesian sign convention.
(v) Name the products formed when compound A 38. In order to trace the inheritance of traits Mendel crossed
reacts with sodium. (5 Marks)
pea plants having one contrasting character or a pair of
OR contrasting characters. When he crossed pea plants having
(b) (i) With the help of diagram, show the formation of round and yellow seeds with pea plants having wrinkled
micelles, when soap is applied on oily dirt. and green seeds, he observed that no plants with wrinkled
(ii) Take two test tubes X and Y with 10 mL of hard and green seeds were obtained in the F1 generation. When
water in each. In test tube ‘X’, add few drops of the F1 generation pea plants were cross-bred by self-
soap solution and in test tube ‘Y’ add a few drops pollination, the F2 generation had seeds with different
of detergent solution. Shake both the test tubes combinations of shape and colour also.
for the same period.
(a) Write any two pairs of contrasting characteristics of
(1) In which test tube the formation of foam will
pea plant used by Mendel other than those mentioned
be more? Why?
above. (1 Mark)
(2) In which test tube is a curdy solid formed?
Why? (b) Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits.
 (1 Mark)
Section-E (c) State the ratio of the combinations observed in the
Question No. 37 to 39 are case-based/data -based questions seeds of F2 generation (in the above case). What do
with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal choice is provided in one you interpret from this result? (2 Marks)
of these sub-parts. Or
37. Hold a concave mirror in your hand and direct its reflecting (c) Given below is a cross between a pure violet flowered
surface towards the sun. Direct the light reflected by the pea plant (V) and a pure white flowered pea plant (v).
mirror onto a white card-board held close to the mirror. Diagrammatically explain what type of progeny is
Move the card-board back and forth gradually until you obtained in F1 generation and F2 generation:
find a bright, sharp ·spot of light on the board. This spot of
light is the image of the sun on the sheet of paper; which is Pure violet flowered plant × Pure white flowered plant.
also termed as “Principal Focus” of the concave mirror. (V V) (v v)

CBSE 2023 (Outside DELHI) 19

39. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal (i) Na2O(s) + H2O(l) →
oxides. Metal oxides are generally basic as nature. But (ii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH →
some metal oxides show both basic as well as acidic
behaviour. Different metals show different reactivities Or
towards oxygen. Some react vigorously while some do (c) On burning Sulphur in oxygen a colourless gas is
not react at all. produced.
(a) What happens when copper is heated in air? (Give (i) Write chemical equation for the reaction.
the equation of the reaction involved). (1 Mark) (ii) Name the gas formed.
(b) Why are some metal oxides categorized as (iii) State the nature of the gas.
amphoteric? Give one example. (1 Mark)
(iv) What will be the action of this on a dry litmus
(c) Complete the following equations: (2 Marks) paper?

EXPLANATIONS
1. (c) Compound (A) is cyclohexane, a saturated cyclic 12. (d) Some organisms depend on other organisms for their
hydrocarbon. Compound (B) and (C) are unsaturated food, this type of nutrition is called heterotrophic
hydrocarbons. (1 Mark) mode of nutrition. Some organisms digest food inside
2. (c) The formula of washing soda is Na2CO3·10H2O. the body, while some organisms like fungi, yeast and
mushrooms break-down the food material outside the
 (1 Mark)
body and then absorb it. (1 Mark)
3. (d) High reactivity is not responsible for copper being
used for making cooking utensils. (1 Mark) 13. (c) The magnetic field at P due to the conductor AB is
downward.
4. (b) Milk of magnesia is basic in nature having pH around
10. (1 Mark) The magnetic field at P due to the conductor CD is
upward. (½ Mark)
5. (c) This is an oxidation-reduction reaction. A complete
The current is same in both the wires, that’s why
balanced equation is:
magnetic field intensity will also same in opposite
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
direction which cancel out each other and the resultant
x = 4; y = 2; z = 1 (1 Mark)
magnetic field at P is zero. (½ Mark)
6. (a) This is a thermal decomposition reaction. When lead
nitrate undergoes thermal decomposition, brown 14. (b) We know that, P = VI
fumes of nitrogen dioxide are produced. (1 Mark) P
∴I =
7. (b) Calcium hydroxide turns milky due to the formation V
of calcium carbonate which on passing excess of CO2
forms calcium hydrogen carbonate which makes the 1500W
Current in electric iron = = 7.5 A
solution clear again. (1 Mark) 200V
8. (b) The process of decomposition of calcium carbonate 500W
requires heat to form quick lime and CO2, hence, it is Current in flash light = = 2.5 A
200V
an endothermic reaction. (1 Mark)
Total current = 7.5A + 2.5A = 10A (1 Mark)
9. (d) The movement of plants in response to the external
stimulus (light, temperature, gravity, water, etc.) Therefore, the rating of fuse to be used should be 10A.
resulting in growth of plants in a particular direction 15. (a) Higher power rating such as geysers. This is because
is called a tropical movement. (1 Mark) devices with higher power ratings require a higher
10. (a) The gene is considered the basic unit of inheritance. current to operate and the wiring with 15A current
Genes are passed from parents to offspring and rating can handle the load and prevent overheating
contain the information needed to specify biological and damage. (1 Mark)
and physical traits. Most genes code for specific 16. (d) We know that,
proteins, or segments of proteins. (1 Mark) RS = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4+ ....
11. (d) The large intestine has finger-like structures called
1 1 1
villi that absorb water from the digested food coming Rp = + + + ...
from the small intestine. (1 Mark) R1 R2 R3

20 SCIENCE
 If resistors are identical then amount. The difference in speed causes the different
Rs = nR colours of light to refract at slightly different angles,
resulting in the separation of white light into its
R
Rp = constituent colours, which is called dispersion of
n light. (½ Mark)
Thus, Rs = 4 × 8 Ω = 32 Ω (½ Mark)
OR
Rp = 8 Ω / 4 = 2 Ω
(b) (i) It always happens in old ages because of loss of
Rs 32 Ω power of accommodation of the eye. (½ Mark)
∴ = = 16  (½ Mark)
Rp 2Ω (ii) The defect is called presbyopia. (½ Mark)
17. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the reason is
(iii) 
Presbyopia can be corrected by using both
correct explanation for the assertion. (1 Mark)
concave and convex lenses.
18. (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
In yeast, anaerobic respiration (absence of oxygen)
takes place. In which 6 carbon molecule (glucose) N N'
breakdown into 2CO2 + two carbon molecule
(Ethanol) as by product. (1 Mark)
19. (c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false. (1 Mark)
Genes carry traits from one generation to another, they 23. Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
also determine the sex of the individual. (1 Mark)
In male (XY) and in females (XX) are sex Structure of nephron:
chromosomes. • Each nephron unit is 4-5 cm long.
Male child has X chromosome inherited from his • The nephron has a cup-shaped structure at its upper
mother and Y chromosome from his father. end which is called a bowman’s capsule. Lower end
of the bowman’s capsule is tubular in structure and
So, the reason (R) is false. (1 Mark)
called a renal tubule. It is subdivided further into the
20. (a) Lead is more reactive than copper, hence, it will
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle,
displace the copper from its salt solution which results
the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and the collecting
in the formation of lead sulphate which is colorless.
duct. (½ Mark)
 (1 Mark)
21. Decomposer like bacteria, fungi are essential for
ecosystem: Mainly two reason are-
1. Decomposers feed on dead things: Dead plant
materials such as leaf litter and wood, animal
carcasses, and feces. They perform a valuable service
as Earth’s cleanup crew. (1 Mark)
2. They make available vital nutrients to an ecosystem
by breaking complex organic materials into simple
inorganic molecules. (1 Mark)
22. (a) A P
R
O
Y Y
G
B
I
V

X B C
Q
 (1 Mark)
The phenomenon observed here is white light splits up
into its constituent colours which is called dispersion Function of nephron:
of light. (½ Mark) • Filters impure blood and remove waste products from
Different colours of white light have different the body.
wavelength, and as light passes through prism, the • Maintains the electrolyte balance of the body.
spread of each colour of light changes by different  (½ Mark)

CBSE 2023 (Outside DELHI) 21

24. For acidic solutions, colour of litmus changes from blue to (ii) While designing an artificial ecosystem at home,
red.  (1 Mark) the following points should be kept in mind to
According to question, the colour of the knife changes to make it self-sustaining:
red when dipped in blue litmus solution, hence the nature 1. To make self-sustaining ecosystem, different
of the fruit is acidic. (1 Mark) types of plants will be planted side by side
25. When a person inhale dust particle following sequence of on a small plot/ patch of land. Diverse plant
event will occur: species can maintain healthy ecosystem.
1. Dust particles enter through the nostrils and travel in Soil will be required which has good water
nasal passage. holding capacity.
2. The air passing through the nostrils is filtered by fine 2. 
Establishment of different biogeochemical
hairs that line the passage. cycles which includes water cycle and nutrient
cycle.(1½ Marks)
3. It also lines up with mucous membrane which secretes
mucus. OR
4. Mucus, trapped dust particles towards the back of the (b) (i) Food chain of four trophic levels comprising the
throat. following : Hawk, snake, plants, rat.
5. 
The person may experience symptoms such as Plant → rat → snake → hawk. (1 Mark)
coughing and sneezing. (2 Marks) (ii) Energy is transferred from one trophic level to
26. (a) (i) Since, compound X gets hardened when mixed next trophic level. Only 10% of available energy
with water, therefore, X is plaster of Paris and its will transfer to next trophic level.
chemical formula is CaSO4.1/2H2O. (1 Mark) Transfer of 20,000 J energy from producer to
(ii) 
Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate second trophic level consumer
(NaHCO3) and it is added to make cooking faster.
10% of 20,000 J = 2000 (3rd trophic level)
 (½ Mark)
Baking powder consists of baking soda in addition 10% of 2000 J = 200 J (4th trophic level)
to cream of tartar and cornstarch. (½ Mark) (2 Marks)
 
OR 28. (a) (i) 
We use Fleming’s left hand rule to find the
(b) (i) On heating crystals of copper sulphate (blue in direction of force acting on a current carrying
color), anhydrous copper sulphate is formed. The conductor, placed in a magnetic field. (½ Mark)
balanced reaction is: According to this rule, when we place the thumb,
CuSO ⋅5H O heat CuSO + 5H O
4 2 4 2 the index finger and the middle finger in such a
 (1 Mark) way that they are mutually perpendicular to each
(ii) 
Sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating forms other, then middle finger points to the direction of
sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide gas. current flow, index finger points to the direction of
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2↑ (1 Mark) magnetic field and thumb points to the direction of
27. (a) (i) 
Kitchen garden is a man-made ecosystem force acting on a current carrying conductor.
in which some selected vegetables or fruits  (1 Mark)
(producer) are grown. Insects as pollinators are (ii) 
Magnetic force acting on an electron, moving
primary consumers, birds as secondary consumers with velocity v in a magnetic field B is
eating them. Because selective plant species are
F = qvBsinθ, Here θ is the angle between B and v.
grown in kitchen gardens, specific consumers are
added to the environment. All biotic and abiotic In figure (i), electron is moving perpendicular to
components are added by humans to fulfill the direction of magnetic field.
specific requirements. i.e. sin 90° = 1
Whereas forest ecosystems are natural ecosystems Hence magnetic force will be maximum.
because they have species of plants and animals
that grow without human intervention.  (1 Mark)
All these species interact with each other and are And magnetic force will be minimum in figure
interdependent on each other. These are naturally (iii) as electron is moving parallel to the direction
sustainable. (1½ Marks) of magnetic field. (½ Mark)

22 SCIENCE
 OR For a Myopic eye, image from infinity is formed in front
of retina. It is not formed on the retina.
Retina

(b) (i) (1) Object at far point

Image formed
at the retina
F

For a Myopic eye, the far point is less than infinity

Rays are first
– + diverged by
concave lens Retina
Solenoid
 (1 Mark) at Infinity
Image formed
F at the retina

Concave lens to
(2) N S  (1 Mark) correct myopia

To correct myopia, we use a Concave lens (2 Marks)

30. (a) (i) As we know that the image of an object is of
same size and inverted, this is only possible when
(ii) Two distinguishing features between the fields. object is placed at 2F. Now behind the lens it will
30 cm away. Hence the distance between object
S.No. Bar Magnet Solenoid
and its image is 60 cm. (1 Mark)
1. Magnetism always Magnetism exists until
exists in a bar an electric current (ii) focal length = 2f/2 = 15 cm (1 Mark)
magnet. flows through it.
2. Poles can’t be Poles can be 0 F2 2F2
interchanged. interchanged. 2F1 F1
(b)
 (1 Mark) –15 cm +15 cm
29. Myopia is a defect in which person is able to see nearby –30 cm +30 cm
objects but unable to see distinct object clearly. In it, an
60 cm
image of distinct object is formed in front of retina and
myopic eye has its far point nearer than infinity.
 (1 Mark)
Causes of Myopia:
31. (a) (i) ATP in cellular respiration:
(i) Eyeball becomes elongated
• ATP provides energy for cellular processes.
(ii) Eye lenses become more curved or increase in the
curvature of the lens. • Enables muscle contraction, active transport,
and protein synthesis. (1 Mark)
Correction of Myopia:
(ii) 
The sufficient exchange of gases in plants is
It is corrected by using concave lens as it helps to form
ensured by the presence of stomata, which are
image on the retina. (1 Mark)
tiny openings on the surface of leaves and stems.
Retina These openings allow for the exchange of gases
between the plant and the environment, including
Object at Infinity
Image formed in the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release of
front of retina oxygen during photosynthesis. The opening and
closing of stomata are regulated by guard cells,
which respond to environmental factors such as
light, humidity, and temperature. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2023 (Outside DELHI) 23

 (iii) 
The direction of diffusion of gases in plants Reduction - It is defined as the loss of oxygen.
depends on various conditions such as the  (½ Mark)
concentration gradient, temperature, pressure, V2
and the permeability of the membrane. 34. (a) Power = = VI , where V is voltage, I is current
R
Occurs from higher to lower concentration areas. and R is resistance.
Temperature and pressure affect diffusion rate; In first case, Power = 880W
higher temperature and lower pressure result in ⇒ 880 = 220 × I
faster diffusion. 880
⇒ I= = 4A (½ Mark)
Membrane permeability influences diffusion rate; 220
more permeable membranes allows faster gas (220) 2
diffusion of gases. (1 Mark) and 880 =
R
OR 220 × 220
⇒ R = = 55 Ω  (½ Mark)
(b) (i) Carbohydrates which are not used immediately 880
are stored in the form of– In second case, Power = 300W
In plans – starch ⇒ 330 = 220 × I
In animals – glycogen.  (1½ Marks) 330
⇒ I= = 1.5 A  (½ Mark)
(ii) 
Desert plants take up carbon dioxide at night 220
( 220 )
2
because stomata are closed during day time to
prevent water loss. They prepare an intermediate and 330 =
R
which is acted upon by the energy absorbed by the
220 × 220
chlorophyll during the day time.  (1½ Marks) ⇒= R = 146.67 Ω  (½ Mark)
330
32. Tooth enamel is made up of calcium hydroxyapatite
(b) When an electric current passes through the
(a crystalline form of calcium phosphate ). (½ Mark)
conductor, it generates heat due to the hindrance
Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the body. It does caused inside the conductor. Amount of work done
not dissolve in water and starts to corrode when pH of the to overcome this hindrance produced heat in the
mouth becomes below 5.5. (1 Mark) conductor. (1 Mark)
Bacteria present in the mouth produce acid by causing (c) The heating effect of an electric current is dependent
degradation of sugar and food particles remain in the on three factors:
mouth after eating. (1 Mark) • Resistance (R) of the conductor
The best method to prevent this is to clean your mouth • Time (t) for which the current flows
after eating food. Toothpastes which are basic in nature • The amount of current I
can neutralize the excess acid and help in prevention of H
tooth decay. (½ Mark) As power (P) = Energy or Heat per unit time =
t
33. (a) (i) A substance which gets oxidized is known as ⇒ H = pt
reducing agent. ⇒ H = VIt = IRIt [∴ V = IR]
NH3 - Reducing agent as it is getting oxidized to ∴ H = I2Rt
NO. (½ Mark) It is given by H = I2Rt. This is also known as Joule’s
law of Heating. (2 Marks)
(ii) H2O - Reducing agent as it is getting oxidized to
O2. (½ Mark) 35. (a) If the egg is not fertilised, it lives for about one day.
Since the ovary releases one egg every month, the
(iii) CO - reducing agent as it is getting oxidized to
uterus also prepares itself every month to receive
HOF.  (½ Mark)
a fertilised egg. Thus its lining becomes thick and
(iv) H2 - reducing agent as it is getting oxidized to spongy. This would be required for nourishing the
H2O.  (½ Mark) embryo if fertilisation had taken place. But in the
(b) In a redox reaction, reduction and oxidation takes absence of fertilization, the lining slowly breaks and
place simultaneously. comes out through the vagina as blood and mucus.
Oxidation - It is defined as the gain of oxygen. This cycle takes place roughly every month and is
known as menstruation. It usually lasts for about two
(½ Mark) to five days. (1 Mark)

24 SCIENCE
 (b) Male gamete are known as sperm. Which have XY sex Na+
chromosome + 22 chromosome.
Female gamete is known as ova. Which have XX sex
chromosome + 22 chromosome.  (1 Mark)
(c) The sexual act always has the potential to lead to
pregnancy-
Na+
Mechanical Barrier: Barrier methods of birth control
help prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm. This stops Oil droplet
the sperm from reaching an egg. Types of barrier
methods include external (male) condoms and internal
(female) condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, etc. Na+
 (1 Mark)
Na+

Intrauterine Devices: Intrauterine contraceptive
Formation of micelles
devices such as the loop or the copper-T are placed in  (3 Marks)
the uterus to prevent pregnancy. (1 Mark)
(ii) (1) 
In Test Tube Y, there will be more foam
Surgical Methods: If the vas deferens in the male formation as it contains detergents. The
is blocked, sperm cannot transfer to uterus. If the charged ends of these compounds do not
fallopian tube in the female is blocked, the egg will not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium
be able to reach the uterus. In both cases fertilisation and magnesium ions in hard water. Thus, they
will not take place.  (1 Mark) remain effective in hard water (1 Mark)
36. (a) (i) Compound A is CH3CH2OH (Ethyl Alcohol), (2) In Test Tube X, a curdy solid is formed due to
B is C2H4 (Ethene), and C is CH3–CH3 (Ethane). the presence of soap solution. This is caused
 (1 Mark) by the reaction of soap with the calcium
Conc. H SO and magnesium salts present in hard water,
(ii) CH3CH2OH →2
443 K
4
CH2 CH2 (1 Mark)
Ethyl alcohol Ethene
which results in the formation of an insoluble
(A) (B) substance (scum) which remains on clothes
(iii) The equation for the combustion of ethane is: after washing with water. (1 Mark)
2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + heat 37. (a) (i) Shaving Mirrors: The concave mirror forms an erect
+ light (1 Mark) and enlarged image when held close to the face.
(ii) In head-lights: In headlights, the sources of light
(iv) 
This reaction is commonly used in the are kept at the focus point of the mirror by which
hydrogenation of vegetable oils using a nickel the reflected lights travels as beam of parallel rays
catalyst. (1 Mark) to wide distances. (1 Mark)
(v) 
The following reaction takes place when (b) The distance between mirror and the principal focus is
compound A(ethanol) reacts with sodium: called focal length.
2Na + 2CH3CH2OH → 2CH3CH2O– Na+ + H2 As f = 15 cm; So, R = 2f = 30 cm (1 Mark)
(c) The image is formed behind the mirror when an object
(Sodium ethoxide)(1 Mark) is placed between the focus F and the pole P
OR The three characteristics of the image are as follows:
(b) (i) Most dirt is oily in nature, and oil does not dissolve • The images are virtual
in water. The molecules of soap are sodium or • The images are upright
• The images are magnified
potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.
A'
The ionic end of soap interacts with water, while E
the carbon chain interacts with oil. The soap A
D
molecules, thus, form structures called micelles
where one end of the molecules is towards the C F B P B'
oil droplet while the ionic-end faces outside. This
forms an emulsion in water. The soap micelle
thus helps in pulling out the dirt in water, and we
can wash our clothes clean.  (2 Marks)

CBSE 2023 (Outside DELHI) 25

 Or Gametes (V) (v)
(c) Mirror formula:
↓
1 1 1
+ = F1 generation Vv Hybrid violet coloured
v u f
flower
Here, v = u = –100 cm
↓ Selfing
1 1 1 −2
\ =+ == −50 cm Vv × Vv
f −100 −100 100
Now, magnification of the image: ↓
−v − ( −100 ) V v
m= = = −1  (2 Marks)
u −100
V VV Vv
Negative sign shows image is inverted.
F2 generation Purple Purple
38. (a) Contrasting trails like -
v Vv vv
(i) Tall and Dwarf plant, (½ Mark)
(ii) Inflated and Constricted pod shape. (½ Mark) Purple White

(b) Genotypic ratio VV : Vv : vv

Dominant traits Recessive traits 1:2:1
Phenotypic ratio 3:1
(i) Dominant traits are Recessive traits are
 (2 Marks)
traits which gets expressed only in plants
expressed in F1 having homozygous 39. (a) When copper is heated in air, it combines with oxygen
hybrid plant or the recessive genotype and to form copper(II) oxide, a black oxide.
doesn’t get expressed in 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
plant having the (Copper) Copper(II) oxide (1 Mark)
heterozygous F1 hybrid or heterozygous
genotypic plant. (b) Some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide and zinc
genotype. oxide, show both acidic as well as basic behaviour.
(ii) Dominant traits are Recessive traits are Such metal oxides that react with both acids, as well
as bases to produce salts and water are known as
denoted by capital denoted by small letter.
amphoteric oxides. Aluminium oxide reacts in the
letter.
following manner with acids and bases –
(1 Mark) Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
(c) Plants produced in the F2 generation yellow-round Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1 Mark)
seeded plants, yellow-wrinkled seeded plants, green- (Sodium aluminate)
(c) (i) Na2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH (aq) (1 Mark)
round seeded plants and green-wrinkled seeded plants
(ii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1 Mark)
are produced with the ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. This result/
(Sodium aluminate)
ratio suggests the independent assortment of the genes
of seed colour and seed shape. (2 Marks) Or
(i) SO2 gas is formed on burning sulphur in oxygen.
Or
S + O2 → SO2 (1 Mark)
(c) (ii) SO2 (Sulphur dioxide) is formed. (1 Mark)
Pure violet coloured Pure white coloured (iii) SO2 formed is acidic in nature.  (1 Mark)
× (iv) SO2 turns moist blue litmus paper red but it does
flower flower
↓ not have any action on dry litmus paper.
(VV) (vv)
 (1 Mark)

26 SCIENCE
 DELHI Term-II
2022 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 2 hours Maximum Marks : 40

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) This question paper contains 15 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper is divided into three Sections viz. Section A, B and C.
(iii) Section A — Question numbers 1 to 7 are short answer type questions. Each question carries two marks.
(iv) Section B — Question numbers 8 to 13 are also short answer type questions. Each question carries three marks.
(v) Section C — Question numbers 14 and 15 are case based questions. Each question carries four marks.
(vi) Internal choices have been provided in some questions. Only one of the alternatives has to be attempted.

6. (a) Name the poles P, Q, R and S of the magnets in the

Section-A following figures ‘a’ and ‘b’: (2 Marks)
1. “Carbon prefers to share its valence electrons with other
atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements rather
than gaining or losing the valence electrons in order to P Q
attain noble gas configuration.” Give reasons to justify this
statement. (2 Marks)
2. The atomic number of an element ‘X’ is 11.
Figure a
(i) Write the electronic configurations of X and find its
valency.
(ii) Write the formula and nature of its oxide.
R S
 [OS]* (2 Marks)
3. Give reasons:
(i) Placenta is extremely essential for foetal development. Figure b
(ii) Uterine lining becomes thick and spongy after
(b) State the inference drawn about the direction of the
fertilisation. (2 Marks)
magnetic field lines on the basis of these diagrams.
4. (a) Name the reproductive and non-reproductive parts of
OR
bread mould (Rhizopus).
(b) List any two advantages of vegetative propagation. When is the force experienced by a current — carrying
straight conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field.
(2 Marks)
(i) Maximum;
5. Name the reproductive parts of an angiosperm. Where
are these parts located? Explain the structure of its male (ii) Minimum.
reproductive part.(2 Marks) 7. In the following food chain, only 2J of energy was
OR available to the peacocks. How much energy would have
What is puberty? Mention any two changes that are been present in Grass? Justify your answer.(2 Marks)
common to both boys and girls in early teenage years. Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Peacock

*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

 OR (b) Why is the ozone layer getting depleted at the higher
(a) What is meant by garbage? List two classes into which levels of the atmosphere? Mention one harmful effect
garbage is classified. caused by its depletion. (1 + 2 Marks)
(b) What do we actually mean when we say that the
“enzymes are specific in their action”? Section-C
Section-B This section has 02 case based questions (14 and 15).
Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
8. (a) State Newland Law of Octaves.
Part (a) and (b) are compulsory. However an internal choice has
(b) With an example, explain Dobereiner’s Triads.
been provided in Part (c).
(c) List one limitation each of both the attempts mentioned
in ‘a’ & ‘b’. [OS]* ( 1 + 1 + ½ + ½ = 3 Marks) 14. Mendel blended his knowledge of Science and
mathematics to keep the count of the individuals
9. Consider the following organic compounds: (3 Marks)
H H H H H exhibiting a particular trait in each generation. He
observed a number of contrasting visible characters
(i) H – C – C – C = O (ii) H – C – C = O controlled in pea plants in a field. He conducted many
experiments to arrive at the laws of inheritance.
H H H
(a) Name the functional group present in their compounds. (a) What do the Fl progeny of tall plants with round seeds
(b) Write the general formula for the compounds of this and short plants with wrinkled seeds look like?
functional group. (b) Name the recessive traits in above case.
(c) State the relationship between these compounds and (c) Mention the type of the new combinations of plants
draw the structure of any other compound having obtained in F2 progeny along with their ratio, if Fl
similar functional group. progeny was allowed to self pollinate.
OR (1 + 1 + 2 = 4 Marks)
(a) Draw the electron dot structure for ethyne. Or
(b) List two differences between the properties exhibited
If 1600 plants were obtained in F2 progeny, write the
by covalent compounds and ionic compounds.
number of plants having traits:
10. (a) Name the two types of gametes produced by men. (i) Tall with round seeds
(½ + ½ Mark) (ii) Short with wrinkled seeds
(b) Does a male child inherit X chromosome from his Write the conclusion of the above experiment.
father? Justify. (½ + 1 Marks)
(c) How many types of gametes are produced by a human 15. A student was asked to perform an experiment to study
female? (½ Mark) the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field. He took a small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse
11. (a) State Ohm’s Law. Represent it mathematically. shoe magnet, some connecting wires, a battery and a
(b) Define 1 ohm. switch and connected them as shown. He observed that
(c) What is the resistance of a conductor through which a on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing
current of 0.5 A flows when a potential difference of the direction of current, the direction of displacement also
2 V is applied across its ends? (3 Marks) gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of this
12. (a) List the factors on which the resistance of a uniform phenomenon, answer the following questions: (4 Marks)
cylindrical conductor of a given material depends.
(b) The resistance of a wire of 0.01 cm radius is 10 W. If
the resistivity of the wire is 50 × 10–8 W m, find the
length of this wire. (2 + 1 Marks)
OR
(a) What is the meaning of electric power of an electrical S B
device? Write its SI unit.
A
(b) An electric kettle of 2kW is used for 2h. Calculate the
energy consumed in N
(i) kilowatt hour and (ii) joules.
13. (a) We do not clean ponds or lakes, but an aquarium needs K
to be cleaned regularly. Why?

*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

28 SCIENCE
 (a) Why does the rod get displaced on passing current (ii) 
Name any two devices that use current carrying
through it? conductors and magnetic field.
(b) State the rule that determines the direction of the force Or
on the conductor AB.
Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced
(c) (i) If the U shaped magnet is held vertically and the around a current carrying straight conductor held
aluminum rod is suspended horizontally with its vertically on a horizontal cardboard. Indicate the
end B towards due north, then on passing current direction of the field fines as well as the direction of
through the rod from B to A as shown, in which current flowing through the conductor.
direction will the rod be displaced?

EXPLANATIONS
1. Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and it • It can be a faster and more efficient method of plant
needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain stable noble propagation compared to sexual reproduction, as
gas configuration. Both gaining and losing four electrons it does not require the development of flowers,
is difficult for carbon because gaining will make it difficult fruits, and seeds.  (½ Mark)
for nucleus with six protons to hold on to 10 electrons and
losing will require large amount of energy. (1 Mark) 5. Reproductive parts of an angiosperm:
Thus, carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its • Male reproductive part: Stamen (consisting of anther
valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with and filament).
atoms of other elements. (1 Mark) • 
Female reproductive part: Carpel (consisting of
2. Out of the Syllabus stigma, style, and ovary) (½ Mark)
3. (i)  Reasons for placenta being essential for foetal These reproductive parts are located in the flower of
development: an angiosperm. (½ Mark)
• Placenta helps in the exchange of oxygen and Structure of male reproductive part (stamen):
nutrients between the mother and the developing • Filament: It is a long, slender stalk that supports the
foetus. (½ Mark) anther.
• Placenta removes waste products from the foetal • Anther: It is a sac-like structure located at the tip of
bloodstream. (½ Mark) the filament that contains the pollen grains. (1 Mark)
Without a functional placenta, the foetus would
OR
not be able to survive and develop properly.
• Puberty is the process of physical maturation where
(ii) Reasons for the uterine lining becoming thick and
an adolescent reaches sexual maturity and become
spongy after fertilisation:
capable of reproduction.
• The thickened uterine lining provides a suitable
environment for the fertilised egg to implant and It is a period of rapid growth and physical changes
grow. (½ Mark) that typically occurs between the ages of 8 and 13 in
girls, and 9 and 14 in boys. (1 Mark)
• The thickened uterine lining helps to protect the
embryo from mechanical damage and infection. Two changes that are common to both boys and girls
 (½ Mark) during early teenage years are:
4. (a) 
• Reproductive parts: Sporangiophores and sporangia. • Both boys and girls experience a rapid growth
 (½ Mark) spurt during puberty. (½ Mark)
• Non-reproductive parts: Mycelium and rhizoids • Growth of hairs in some parts of the body such as
 (½ Mark) armpits and genital areas. (½ Mark)
(b) Advantages of vegetative propagation are: 6. (a) Figure a: P – North pole, Q – South pole (½ Mark)
• It allows for the production of genetically Figure b: R – North pole, S – South pole (½ Mark)
identical offspring, which can be advantageous
in agriculture and horticulture for maintaining (b) The magnetic field lines emerge from north pole and
desirable traits. (½ Mark) merge at the south pole. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2022 (DELHI Term-II) 29

 OR 8. Out of the Syllabus
The force experienced by a current-carrying straight 9. (a) Aldehydic functional group is present in both
conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field depends structures. (½ Mark)
on the angle between the direction of the current and the (b) General formula of the aldehydic functional group:
direction of the magnetic field. CnH2nO. (½ Mark)
(i) The force experienced by a current-carrying straight (c) These both compounds are homologous series of
conductor is maximum when the direction of the aldehydes. These are differ by –CH2 group where first
current is perpendicular to the direction of the
structure is Propanal and the 2nd structure is ethanal.
magnetic field. (1 Mark)
Propanal is the 3rd member of the homologous series
(ii) The force experienced by a current-carrying straight
of aldehyde and the ethanal is the 2nd member of the
conductor is minimum when the direction of the
homologous series of aldehyde. (1 Mark)
current is parallel to the direction of the magnetic
field. (1 Mark)  4th member of this series will be butanal and its
structure is: (1 Mark)
7. • According to the 10% law of energy transfer, only
10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic H H H O
level to the next. H C C C C H
• Energy available to peacock = 2J H H H
• Energy available to snake (next trophic level)
= 10 times more than peacock = 20J OR
• Energy available to frog = 10 times more than snake (a) Electron dot structure of ethyne is,
= 200J
××
• Energy available to grasshopper = 10 times more than H •× C ×× C •× H
××
frog = 2000J
• Energy available to grass (producer) = 10 times more
than grasshopper = 20,000J H — C C —H  (1 Mark)
• Therefore, the energy present in the grass in the given (b) Difference between covalent and ionic compounds,
food chain would be 20,000 J. (2 Marks) (i) Physical nature: Ionic compounds are solids
OR and are somewhat hard as compared to covalent
compounds because of the strong force of
(a) Garbage is defined as the waste material that is attraction between the positive and negative ions.
generated from human activities and is no longer  (1 Mark)
useful. It can include a variety of materials such as
(ii) Melting and boiling points: Ionic compounds
food scraps, paper, plastic, glass, metal, and other
have high melting and boiling points as compared
items that people discard.
to covalent compounds. (1 Mark)
Garbage can be classified into two classes based on
their ability to decompose: 10. (a) The gamete produced by human males is sperm.
Sperm can either contain an X or a Y chromosome,
1. Biodegradable garbage: This type of garbage can
which determines the sex of the offspring during
be decomposed naturally by microorganisms.
fertilisation. While in the human females, egg , also
E.g., food waste, paper.
known as ovum, are produced. (1 Mark)
2. Non-biodegradable garbage: This type of garbage
cannot be decomposed naturally. E.g., plastic, (b) No, a male child does not inherit an X chromosome
glass. (1 Mark) from his father. This is because males have one
X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females
(b) Enzymes are specific in their action, we mean that
have two X chromosomes. During fertilisation,
each enzyme can only catalyse a specific chemical
the sperm from the father can either carry an
reaction, and will only interact with its specific
X chromosome or a Y chromosome.
substrate.
This specificity is important because specific enzymes are If the sperm carries an X chromosome, the resulting
needed for the breakdown of a particular substance. For offspring will be female, while if it carries a
example, we cannot get any energy if we try to eat coal Y chromosome, the resulting offspring will be male.
because there are no enzymes in our digestive system that Therefore, the X chromosome is inherited from the
can break down coal. (1 Mark) mother, not the father, in males.  (½ + 1 Marks)

30 SCIENCE
 (c) Females produce only one type of gamete, which is 4. Nature of the material: The resistance of a
the egg cell or ovum having XX sex chromosomes. conductor depends on the nature of the material
 (½ Mark) of which it is made. Some materials have a higher
resistance than others. (½ Mark)
11. (a) Ohm’s Law states that the current flowing through
a conductor is directly proportional to the potential (b) Resistivity, r = 50 × 10–8 W m
difference applied across its ends, provided the L
R= ρ
temperature and other physical conditions remain A
constant. Mathematically, Ohm’s Law can be RA
represented as: L=
ρ
V = IR 10 × 3.14 × (0.0001) 2
= = 0.628 m
where V is the potential difference applied across the 50 × 10−8
ends of the conductor, I is the current flowing through Hence, the length of the wire is 0.628 m.
the conductor, and R is the resistance of the conductor.  (1 Mark)
 (1 Mark)
OR
(b) 
One ohm (1Ω) is defined as the resistance of a (a) Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy
conductor in which a current of 1 ampere (1A) flows is transferred or consumed by an electrical device. It
when a potential difference of 1 volt (1V) is applied is defined as the product of the voltage (V) applied
across its ends. (1 Mark) across the device and the current (I) flowing through
(c) Using Ohm’s Law, we can find the resistance of the it. The SI unit of electric power is watt (W).
conductor as:  (1½ Marks)
R = V/I (b) P = 2 kW, t = 2 h
Given that the current flowing through the conductor (i) E = P × t = 2 × 2 = 4 kWh
is 0.5 A and the potential difference applied across its (ii) E = 2000 W × 2 × 3600 s
ends is 2 V. = 1.44 × 107 J (1½ Marks)
Therefore, R = 2 V/0.5 A = 4 Ω. 13. (a) The natural water bodies have a balanced ecosystem
with a variety of organisms that help to maintain water
Therefore, the resistance of the conductor through
quality. While the aquariums are artificial environments
which a current of 0.5 A flows when a potential
that do not have producers and decomposers. Fish
difference of 2V is applied across its ends is 4 Ω.
waste, uneaten food, and other organic matter can
 (1 Mark) accumulate in the aquarium, leading to the build-up of
12. (a) The resistance of a uniform cylindrical conductor of a harmful waste. This can be harmful to fish and other
given material depends on the following factors: aquatic organisms living in the aquarium. Therefore,
1. 
Length of the conductor: The resistance of a aquariums need to be cleaned regularly to remove this
conductor is directly proportional to its length. waste and maintain water quality. (1 Mark)
This means that if the length of the conductor is (b) The ozone layer is getting depleted at higher levels
increased, its resistance also increases.(½ Mark) of the atmosphere due to the release of chemicals,
such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These chemicals
2. 
Cross-sectional area of the conductor: The
react with ozone and break it down, leading to the
resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional
depletion of the ozone layer. Harmful effects caused
to its cross-sectional area. This means that if the by the depletion of the ozone layer: An increase in the
cross-sectional area of the conductor is increased, amount of harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching
its resistance decreases. (½ Mark) the Earth’s surface leads to various health problems
3. 
Temperature of the conductor: The resistance such as skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune
of a conductor increases with an increase in systems. (2 Marks)
temperature. This is because the increase in 14. (a) The F1 progeny of tall plants with round seeds and
temperature causes an increase in the vibrations short plants with wrinkled seeds will all be tall with
of the atoms in the conductor, which in turn round seeds. This is because the dominant traits for
increases the collisions between the free electrons both height and seed shape are expressed in the first
and the atoms. (½ Mark)
generation. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2022 (DELHI Term-II) 31

 Parents Tall & Round Dwarf & Wrinkled The ratio of the new combinations of plants obtained
TTRR ttrr in the F2 progeny is consistent with the laws of
inheritance that Mendel proposed.
Gametes TR tr This experiment laid the foundation for modern genetics
and provided insights into how traits are passed down
from one generation to the next. (2 Marks)

F1 Generation TtRr (All tall & round) 15. (a) The rod gets displaced on passing current through it
because of the interaction between the magnetic field
(b) The recessive traits in the above case are short height
produced by the current-carrying conductor and the
and wrinkled seeds. (1 Mark)
external magnetic field.  (1 Mark)
(c) The table shows the type of new combinations of
(b) The direction of the force on the conductor AB is
plants obtained in the F2 progeny, along with their
ratio, if the F1 generation is allowed to self-pollinate: determined by Fleming’s Left Hand Rule. According
to this rule, if we stretch the thumb, forefinger, and
F1 Generation TtRr (All tall & round)
middle finger of our left hand mutually perpendicular to
Selfing
each other, then the forefinger represents the direction of
magnetic field, the middle finger represents the direction
TR Tr tR tr of current, and the thumb represents the direction of
TTRR TTRr TtRR TtRr the force on the conductor.  (1 Mark)
TR Tall Tall Tall Tall (c) (i) The rod will be displaced towards the east
round round round round direction. (1 Mark)
TTRr TTrr TtRr Ttrr (ii) Two devices that use current are:
Tr Tall Tall Tall Tall 1. Electric bulb - which uses electrical energy to
round wrinkled round wrinkled produce light. (½ Mark)
TtRR TtRr ttRR ttRr 2. Electric motor - which converts electrical energy
tR Tall Tall Dwarf Dwarf into mechanical energy to perform work.
round round round round
 (½ Mark)
TtRr Ttrr ttRr ttrr OR
tr Tall Tall Dwarf Dwarf
round wrinkled round wrinkled Maxwell's Right Hand Thumb Rule States

Phenotypic ratio : Tall round (9) : Tall wrinkled (3): Dwarf

round (3) : Dwarf wrinkled (1) (2 Marks) A
OR + –
(•)
If 1600 plants were obtained in the F2 progeny, the number Key
of plants having traits are as follows: Card board
(i) Tall with round seeds: 9/16 × 1600 = 900 plants
 (2 Marks)
(ii) Short with wrinkled seeds: 1/16 × 1600 = 100 plants
 (1 + 1 = 2 Marks) According to Maxwell’s right hand thumb rule, if we
 Conclusion: Mendel’s experiment with pea plants hold the current carrying conductor in the right hand
showed that traits are inherited independently and such that the thumb points in the direction of current,
that the dominant traits mask the expression of the then the direction in which our fingers curl gives the
recessive traits. direction of magnetic field. (2 Marks)

32 SCIENCE
 Outside DELHI Term-II
2022 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 2 hours Maximum Marks : 40

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) This question paper contains 15 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper is divided into three Sections viz. Section A, B and C.
(iii) Section A - Question numbers 1 to 7 are short answer type questions. Each question carries two marks.
(iv) Section B - Question numbers 8 to 13 are also short answer type questions. Each question carries three marks.
(v) Section C - Question No. 14 and 15 are case based questions. Each question carries four marks.
(vi) Internal choices have been provided in some questions. Only one of the alternatives has to be attempted.

(a) What is observed when a current is passed through the

Section-A aluminum rod from end B to end A?
1. Explain giving reason why although the nuclear charge in (b) What change is observed in a situation in which the
atoms increases in moving from left to right in a period axis of the rod ‘AB’ is moved and aligned parallel to
as well as in moving from top to bottom in a group in the the magnetic field and current is passed in the rod in
Modern periodic table, but the size of the atoms does not the same direction?
vary similarly in both situations. [OS]* (2 Marks) OR
2. As shown in the diagram an aluminium rod ‘AB’ is “Magnetic field is a physical quantity that has both direction
suspended horizontally between the two poles of a strong and magnitude.” How can this statement be proved with
horse shoe magnet in such a way that the axis of rod is the help of magnetic field lines of a bar magnet?
horizontal and the direction of the magnetic field is 3. Using height (tallness/dwarfness) of a plant as an example,
vertically upward. The rod is connected in series with a show that genes control the characteristics or traits in an
battery and a key. (2 Marks) organism. (2 Marks)
OR
In a cross between red coloured and white coloured flowers,
when plants with red coloured flowers of Fl generation
were self pollinated, plants of F2 generation were obtained
in which 75% of plants were with red flowers and 25%
S B plants were with white flowers.
A Explain the inheritance of traits in the above cross with
N the help of a flow chart only along with the ratio of plants
– + obtained.
K 4. Mention the functions of (a) Placenta (b) Fallopian tubes
(c) Uterus and (d) Ovary in the human female reproductive
State giving reason: system. (2 Marks)

*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

 5. “The improvement in our lifestyle has led to the generation OR
of large amount of waste material." List two reasons to State the reasons, why carbon cannot
justify this statement. (2 Marks) (i) Lose four electrons to form C4+ cation, and
OR (ii) Gain four electrons to form C4– anion.
“The change in packaging has resulted in waste becoming How does carbon overcome this problem to form compounds?
non-biodegradable.” 12. (a) A student wants to use an electric heater, an electric
Giving two examples from daily life, justify this statement. bulb and an electric fan simultaneously.
6. (a) Differentiate between binary fission in Amoeba and How should these gadgets be connected with the
binary fission in Leishmania. (2 Marks) mains? Justify your answer giving three reasons.
(b) How does reproduction take place in malarial parasite? (b) What is an electric fuse? How is it connected in a
circuit? (3 Marks)
7. Consider the carbon compounds having following
molecular formula: (2 Marks) 13. An electric motor rated 1100 W is connected to 220 V
mains. Find: (3 Marks)
(i) C3H6 (ii) C3H8
(i) The current drawn from the mains,
(iii) C4H6 (iv) C6H6
(ii) Electric energy consumed if the motor is used for
(v) C6H12
5 hours daily for 6 days.
(a) State the number of double covalent bonds present in
(iii) Total cost of energy consumed if the rate of one unit is
C3H6.
`5?
(b) Write the formula of first member of the homologous
OR
series to which the carbon compound C4H6 belongs.
Study the following circuit and find:
(c) Which one of the above compounds forms ring
structure of carbon atoms? – V +
(d) Identify, which of the above compounds, is a member R2 = 10W R5 = 10W
of alkane series.
R1 = 5W
Section-B + R3 = 4W R4 = 6W
8. Name the elements whose compounds formed the basis A
of classification in Mendeleev’s periodic table. Why did –
Mendeleev choose these elements?
How the formulae of these compounds had helped (•)
Mendeleev in deciding the position of an element in his 20V K
periodic table?  [OS]* (3 Marks) (i) Effective resistance of the circuit
9. What are trophic levels? Why are autotrophs considered (ii) Current drawn from the battery
to be at the first trophic level of all food chains? State the (iii) Potential difference across the 5W resistor
reason for limited number of trophic levels in nature.
(3 Marks) Section-C
10. In flowering plants, the pollen grains are transferred to This section has 02 case based questions (14 and 15).
stigma by pollination but the female germ cells are present Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
in the ovary. Explain with the help of a labelled diagram Part (a) and (b) are compulsory. However an internal choice has
(only concerned parts), how the male germ cell reaches the been provided in Part (c).
ovary. (3 Marks)
14. AB is a coil of copper wire having a large number of turns.
11. “Two different forms of carbon — diamond and graphite The ends of the coil are connected with a galvanometer
have different structures and very different physical as shown. When the north pole of a strong bar magnet
properties even though their chemical properties are is moved towards the end B of the coil, a deflection is
same." Explain why? (3 Marks) observed in the galvanometer. [OS]* (4 Marks)

*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

34 SCIENCE
 A B stationary near one end of a coil of large number of
turns? Justify your answer. [OS]* (4 Marks)
N S
15. Sex of an individual is determined by different factors
in various species. Some animals rely entirely on the
environmental cues, while in some other animals the
G individuals can change their sex during their life time
indicating that sex of some species is not genetically
(a) State the reason for using galvanometer in the activity
determined. However, in human beings, the sex of an
and why does its needle deflects momentarily when
magnet is moved towards the coil. individual is largely determined genetically. (4 Marks)
(b) What would be observed in the galvanometer in a (a) In what way are the sex chromosomes ‘X’ and ‘Y’
situation when the coil and the bar magnet both move different in size? Name the mismatched pair of sex
with the same speed in the same direction? Justify chromosomes in humans.
your answer. (b) Write the number of pair/pairs of sex chromosomes
(c) State the conclusion that can be drawn from this present in human beings. In which one of the parent
activity. (male / female) perfect pair/pairs of sex chromosomes
Will there be any change in the momentary deflection are present?
in the galvanometer if number of turns in the coil
(c) Citing two examples, justify the statement “Sex of an
is increased and a more stronger magnet is moved
individual is not always determined genetically”.
towards the coil?
Or Or
What is electromagnetic induction? What is observed Draw a flow chart to show that sex is determined
in the galvanometer when a strong bar magnet is held genetically in human beings.

EXPLANATIONS
1. Out of the Syllabus The direction of the magnetic field lines arise from the
2. (a) When a current is passed through the aluminum rod North Pole of the magnet and combine to its South Pole.
from end B to end A, the rod experiences a force The closer the magnetic field lines are to each other, the
perpendicular to both the direction of the current stronger the magnetic field is in that region. (1 Mark)
and the direction of the magnetic field. According to This proves that a magnetic field is a physical quantity that
Fleming’s left-hand rule, this force is directed towards has both direction and magnitude and the direction of the
end A of the rod. Therefore, the rod moves towards magnetic field is shown by the direction of the magnetic
end A, away from the magnetic field. (1 Mark) field lines, and the strength of the magnetic field is shown
(b) When the axis of the rod ‘AB’ is moved and aligned by the density of the magnetic field lines. (1 Mark)
parallel to the magnetic field and current is passed 3. Genes control the characteristics or traits in an organism,
through the rod in the same direction, no force is and this can be illustrated using the following example of
experienced by the rod. This is because the angle
plant height:
between the direction of the current and the direction
The height of a plant is determined by its genes, which are
of the magnetic field is zero, and hence there is no
inherited from its parents. Tall plants have dominant genes
force on the rod. (1 Mark)
(TT) for height, while dwarf plants have recessive genes
OR (tt) for height.
Magnetic field lines of a bar magnet are used to show the When a tall plant with dominant genes for height is crossed
direction and strength of the magnetic field around it. with a dwarf plant with recessive genes for height, the

*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

CBSE 2022 (Outside DELHI Term-II) 35

 offspring will inherit one gene from each parent (i.e., Tt). Increased consumption: Increased consumption leads to
If the offspring inherit a dominant gene for height from the generation of more waste material, such as packaging,
the tall parent, they will be tall. However, if they inherit a disposable products, and electronic waste. (1 Mark)
recessive gene for height from both parents, they will be Modernisation of technology: As we adopt more advanced
dwarf. technologies in our daily lives, we generate more electronic
Tall Dwarf and hazardous waste. (1 Mark)
Parental Generation TT tt OR
“The change in packaging has resulted in waste becoming
Gametes T t non biodegradable”.
The two examples from daily life to justify this statement
F1 generation Tt Tall
are:
Plastic water bottles: Plastic water bottles are a common
item of single-use plastic packaging. As plastic is non-
Tt Selfing Tt biodegradable, these bottles can take hundreds of years to
decompose in the environment, leading to the generation
Gametes T t T t of significant amounts of non-biodegradable waste.
Mixed packaging for food items: Many food items are
TT Tt Tt tt packaged using a combination of materials, such as plastic
F2 generation
Tall Tall Tall Dwarf and paper. For example, snack food items like chips and
cookies are often packaged in plastic bags with a paper
(2 Marks) label. These mixed materials are difficult to recycle and
OR often end up in landfills, contributing to the generation of
Parent Generation: Red flower (RR)×White flower (rr) non-biodegradable waste. (2 Marks)

↓ 6. (a) The difference between binary fission in Amoeba and

Leishmania:
F1 Generation: All plants with red flowers (Rr)
Binary Fission in Binary Fission in Leishmania
↓ (Selfing)
Amoeba
F2 Generation: Plants with red flowers (RR, 25%),
In organisms such as In organisms such as
Plants with red flowers (Rr, 50%), Plants with white
Amoeba, the splitting Leishmania, which have a
flowers (rr, 25%) of the two cells during whip-like structure at one
Ratio of plants obtained: Red flowers : White flowers division can take place end of the cell, binary fission
=3:1 in any plane. occurs in a definite orientation
in relation to these structures.
 (2 Marks)
 (1 Mark)
4. The functions of the different parts of the female The malarial parasite, Plasmodium, reproduces
(b) 
reproductive system are: through a process called multiple fission. During this
Part Function process, the parasite undergoes a series of nuclear
divisions, resulting in the formation of many daughter
A. Placenta Provides oxygen and nutrients to the
cells. (1 Mark)
developing foetus.
7. (a) Number of double covalent bonds present in C3H6 is
B. Fallopian Transports the egg from the ovary to
one. This is shown in the following figure,
tube the uterus.
H H H
C. Uterus Provides a site for the fertilised egg
to implant and develop into a foetus. H C C C H
D. Ovary Produces and releases eggs (ovulation). H  (½ Mark)
 (½ × 4 = 2 Marks) (b) C4H6 belongs to the CnH2n–2 series. Therefore, the
formula of the first member of homologous series to
5. The improvement in our lifestyle has led to the generation which the carbon compound C4H6 belongs is C2H2.
of a large amount of waste material due to the following  (½ Mark)
reasons:

36 SCIENCE
 (c) The compound C6H6 forms a ring structure and its • The male germ cells (sperms) are released from the
name is benzene. (½ Mark) pollen tube and fertilise the female gamete (egg) in the
(d) In the given compounds, C3H8 belongs to the alkane ovule. (3 Marks)
series, because the general formula of alkane series is 11. Two different forms of carbon -diamond and graphite
CnH2n+2. (½ Mark) have different structures. These are known as allotropes
8. Out of the Syllabus of carbon. The carbon-carbon bonding in both the cases
varies. (½ Mark)
9. • Trophic levels are the different levels in a food chain
that show the transfer of energy from one organism to In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other
another. (1 Mark) carbon atoms in a tetrahedral fashion with strong covalent
bonding forming a rigid three-dimensional structure.
• Autotrophs are considered to be at the first trophic
Hence, it is hard in nature. (½ Mark)
level because they form the base of every food chain
and provide energy to all other organisms in the In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other
ecosystem. They produce their own food through carbon atoms in the same plane giving a hexagonal array
photosynthesis. From autotrophs, the energy goes to being placed in layers one above the other. Due to the
the heterotrophs and decomposers. (1 Mark) presence of weak forces between the atoms, the layer of
diamond may slip past one another. Hence, graphite is
• The reason for a limited number of trophic levels in a
smooth and slippery in nature. (1 Mark)
food chain is due to the following reasons:
Energy which is lost as heat and other physiological These structures are given as,
processes, is not transferred to the next trophic level.
 (½ Mark)
The amount of energy available decreases as it moves
up to higher trophic levels. (½ Mark)
As a result, there is not enough energy available to
support more than a few trophic levels in a food chain.
10. The process of how the male germ cells reach the ovary
involves the following steps:
Pollen grain
Stigma The structure of diamond    The structure of graphite
 (½ Mark)
Male germ-cell These two different structures result in diamond and
graphite having very different physical properties even
Pollen tube
though their chemical properties are the same. (½ Mark)
OR
(i) Carbon atom cannot lose their four electrons to form
C4+ cations because it would require a large amount of
Ovary energy to remove four extra electrons leaving behind
a carbon cation with six protons in its nucleus holding
Female
on to just two electrons. (1 Mark)
germ-cell
(ii) Carbon atom cannot gain four electrons to form C4–
anion because it would be difficult for the carbon
nucleus to hold ten electrons with six protons, that is
• Pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the with four extra electrons. (1 Mark)
stigma of the flower. To overcome this problem, carbon forms four covalent
• The pollen grain germinates on the stigma, forming a bonds by sharing its valence electrons with other carbon
pollen tube. atoms or with atoms of other elements to complete its
• The pollen tube grows through the style towards the octet. (1 Mark)
ovary. 12. (a)  To use an electric heater, an electric bulb and an
• The pollen tube enters the ovary, where it reaches the electric fan simultaneously, they should be connected
female gamete (in ovule). in parallel with the mains. The reasons are:

CBSE 2022 (Outside DELHI Term-II) 37

 (i) Each gadget will receive the same voltage as the Now, R1', R' and R5 are in series
mains, and hence they will work efficiently. Effective resistance of the circuit = R1 + R' + R5
(ii) If one gadget fails, the other gadgets will keep = 5 + 5 + 10
working.
= 20 Ohm (1 Mark)
(iii) The total current drawn by all three gadgets will
(ii) Current drawn from battery
be equal to the sum of individual currents, which
V
can be easily handled by the mains. (2 Marks) V = IR ⇒ I =
R
(b) An electric fuse is an electrical safety device that 20
protects the circuit from overloading or short I= ⇒ I = 1A (1 Mark)
20
circuiting. It is connected in series with the circuit
and is made up of a thin wire that melts when the (iii) Potential difference across 5–ohm resistor
current exceeds a certain limit. When this happens, the V = IR ⇒ V = 1 × 5
circuit is broken, preventing any further damage to the V = 5V (1 Mark)
circuit. (1 Mark)
14. Out of the Syllabus
13. (i) The current drawn from the mains can be calculated
15. (a) The sex chromosomes, X and Y, are different in size as
using the formula:
the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome.
Current (I) = Power (P)/Voltage (V)  (½ Mark)
Substituting the given values, we get: In humans, the mismatched pair of sex chromosomes
I = 1100 W/220 V = 5 A is XY in males. Males have one X and one Y
Therefore, the current drawn from the mains is 5 A. chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.
 (1 Mark)  (½ Mark)
(ii) The electric energy consumed can be calculated using (b) Human beings have a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes,
the formula: out of which one pair is the sex chromosomes.
Electric energy (E) = Power (P) × Time (t)  (½ Mark)
Substituting the given values, we get: In males, the pair consists of one X chromosome and
one Y chromosome (XY). In females, the perfect pair
E = 1100 W × 5 hours/day × 6 days = 33000 Wh
consists of two X chromosomes (XX). (½ Mark)
Therefore, the electric energy consumed is 33000 Wh
(c) In some species of reptiles like turtles, the temperature
or 33 kWh. (1 Mark)
at which the eggs are incubated determines the sex of
(iii) The total cost of energy consumed can be calculated the offspring.
by multiplying the electric energy consumed by the Snails change their sex during their lifetime, which
rate of one unit. means that their sex is not genetically determined and
Cost = Electric energy consumed × Rate of one unit depends on environmental factors. (2 Marks)
Substituting the given values, we get: Or
Cost = 33 kWh × ` 5/kWh = ` 165 A flowchart to show that sex is determined genetically
in human beings:
Therefore, the total cost of energy consumed is ` 165.
Father Mother
 (1 Mark) Parents: XY XX
OR
Reproductive
(i) Effective resistance of the circuit X Y X X
cells
R3 and R4 are in series and both are parallel to R2
R3 + R4 = 10 Ohm Zygote
formed
Effective Resistance across R2(R') XX XX XY XY
after fusion
1 1 1 of gametes Female Female Male Male
= +
R' R2 R3 + R4 50% probability 50% probability
Offspring of a female child of a male child
R' = 5 Ohm
 (2 Marks)

38 SCIENCE
 Term-I
2022 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 90 minutes Maximum Marks : 40

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) This question paper contains 60 questions out of which 50 questions are to be attempted. All questions carry equal marks.
(ii) The question paper consists of three Sections - Section A, B and C.
(iii) Section-A consists of 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions from Q. No. 1 to 24.
(iv) Section-B also consists of 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions from Q. No. 25 to 48.
(v) Section-C consists of three Case Studies containing 12 questions and 4 questions in each case. Attempt any 10 from
Q. No. 49 to 60.
(vi) There is only one correct option for every Multiple Choice Question (MCQ). Marks will not be awarded for answering
more than one option.
(vii) There is no negative marking

(a) Carbon dioxide which extinguishes the burning candle.

Section-A
(b) Oxygen due to which the candle burns more brightly.
Section-A consists of 24 question (Q. No. 1 to 24). Attempt any
20 questions from this section. The first attempted 20 questions (c) Sulphur dioxide which produces a suffocating smell.
would be evaluated. (d) Hydrogen which while burning produces a popping
1. A student took Sodium Sulphate solution in a test tube and sound.
added Barium Chloride solution to it. He observed that an 4. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and
insoluble substance has formed. The colour and molecular
hydrogen gas.
formula of the insoluble substance is:
(a) Grey, Ba2SO4 (b) Yellow, Ba(SO4)2 The balanced equation which represents the above
(c) White, BaSO4 (d) Pink, BaSO4 reaction is:
2. Which of the following oxide(s) is/are soluble in water to (a) Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g)
form alkalies?
(b) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
(i) Na2O (ii) SO2
(iii) K2O (iv) NO2 (c) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g)
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) only (d) 2Na(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g)
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) only
5. Which of the options in the given table are correct?
3. Study the diagram given below and identify the gas formed
in the reaction. Natural Source Acid Present
(i) Orange Oxalic acid
(ii) Sour milk Lactic acid
Dilute (iii) Ant sting Methanoic acid
sulphuric acid
(iv) Tamarind Acetic acid
Zinc granules
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
 6. C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) → 6CO2(aq) + 6H2O(l)
A

The above reaction is a/an B
(a) displacement reaction (b) endothermic reaction
(c) exothermic reaction (d) neutralisation reaction
7. Which of the following statements about the reaction
given below are correct?
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
(i) HCl is oxidized to Cl2 (i) Blood vessel A - It carries carbon dioxide rich blood to
(ii) MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2 the lungs.
(ii) Blood vessel B - It carries oxygen rich blood from the
(iii) MnCl2, acts as an oxidizing agent lungs.
(iv) HCl acts as an oxidizing agent (iii) Blood vessel B - Left atrium relaxes as it receives
(a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) blood from this blood vessel.
(c) (i) and (ii) only (d) (iii) and (iv) only (iv) Blood vessel A - Right atrium has thick muscular wall
as it has to pump blood to this vessel.
8. Select from the following the statement which is true for The correct statements are
bases. (a) (i) and (ii) only (b) (ii) and (iii) only
(a) Bases are bitter and turn blue litmus red. (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) Bases have a pH less than 7.
12. In living organisms during respiration which of the following
(c) Bases are sour and change red litmus to blue.
products are not formed if oxygen is not available?
(d) Bases turn pink when a drop of phenolphthalein is
(a) Carbon dioxide + Water
added to them.
(b) Carbon dioxide + Alcohol
9. Study the following table and choose the correct option: (c) Lactic acid + Alcohol
Parent Nature of (d) Carbon dioxide + Lactic Acid
Salt Parent Acid
Base Salt 13. The correct statements with reference to single celled
(a) Sodium HCl NaOH Basic organisms are
Chloride (i) Complex substances are not broken down into simple
substances.
(b) Sodium H2CO3 NaOH Neutral
(ii) Simple diffusion is sufficient to meet the requirement
Carbonate
of exchange of gases.
(c) Sodium H2SO3 NaOH Acidic (iii) Specialised tissues perform different functions in the
Sulphate organism.
(d) Sodium CH3COOH NaOH Basic (iv) Entire surface of the organism is in contact with
Acetate environment for taking in food.
10. It is important to balance the chemical equations to satisfy (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
the law of conservation of mass. Which of the following (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
statements of the law is incorrect? 14. Which one among the following is not removed as a waste
(a) The total mass of the elements present in the reactants product from the body of a plant?
is equal to the total mass of the elements present in the (a) Resin and Gums (b) Urea
products. (c) Dry Leaves (d) Excess Water
(b) The number of atoms of each element remains the 15. Which of the following statements are correct in reference
same, before and after a chemical reaction. to the role of A (shown in the given diagram) during a
breathing cycle in human beings?
(c) The chemical composition of the reactants is the same
before and after the reaction.
(d) Mass can neither be created nor can it be destroyed in
a chemical reaction.
11. Consider the following statements in connection with
the functions of the blood vessels marked A and B in the
A
diagram of a human heart as shown.

40 SCIENCE
 (i) It helps to decrease the residual volume of air in lungs. (d) M
A
(ii) It flattens as we inhale.
(iii) It gets raised as we inhale.
(iv) It helps the chest cavity to become larger. B O
(a) (ii) and (iv) (b) (iii) and (iv) 2F1 F1
(c) (i) and (ii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv) C1
16. Which one of the following conditions is true for the state
of stomata of a green leaf shown in the given diagram? N
19. The following diagram shows the use of an optical device
to perform an experiment of light. As per the arrangement
shown, the optical device is likely to be a;
Stomata

Guard cells

(a) Large amount of water flows into the guard cells.

(b) Gaseous exchange is occurring in large amount. (a) Concave mirror (b) Concave lens
(c) Large amount of water flows out from the guard cells. (c) Convex mirror (d) Convex lens
(d) Large amount of sugar collects in the guard cells. 20. A ray of light starting from air passes through medium A of
17. In which of the following is a concave mirror used? refractive index 1.50, enters medium B of refractive index
(a) A solar cooker 1.33 and finally enters medium C of refractive index 2.42.
(b) A rear view mirror in vehicles It this ray emerges out in air from C, then for which of the
(c) A safety mirror in shopping malls following pairs of media the bending of light is least?
(d) In viewing full size image of distant tall buildings. (a) air-A (b) A-B
18. A student wants to obtain magnified image of an object AB as (c) B-C (d) C-air
on a screen. Which one of the following arrangements shows 21. Which of the following statements is not true for scattering
the correct position of AB for him/her to be successful? of light?
(a) M
A (a) Colour of the scattered light depends on the size of
particles of the atmosphere.
O (b) Red light is least scattered in the atmosphere.
B
(c) Scattering of light takes place as various colours of
2F1 F1
white light travel with different speed in air.
C1
(d) The fine particles in the atmospheric air scatter the
N blue light more strongly than red. So the scattered blue
(b) M light enters our eyes.
A C
22. For the diagram: shown, according to the new Cartesian
sign convention the magnification of the image formed
B will have the following specifications
2F1 F1 O
A
N
M P
(c) A C C F O

B O
2F F (a) Sign – Positive, Value – Less than 1
(b) Sign – Positive, Value – More than 1
(c) Sign – Negative, Value – Less than 1
N (d) Sign – Negative, Value – More than 1

CBSE 2022 (Term-I) 41

23. A ray of light is incident as shown. If A, B and C are 27. Study the experimental set up shown in given figure and
three different transparent media, then which among the choose the correct option from the following:
following options is true for the given diagram?

A 1

B 2
3
Q
Dilute
C 4 hydrochloric Calcium hydroxide
acid solution
P
(a) ∠1 > ∠4 (b) ∠1 < ∠2
(c) ∠3 = ∠2 (d) ∠ 3 > ∠4
24. In the diagram given below, X and Y are the end colours of Change observed in
the spectrum of white light. The colour of "Y represents the P Q calcium hydroxide
solution
(a) K2CO3 Cl2 gas No change
X
White light (b) KHCO3 CO2 gas No change
Y
(c) KHCO3 H2 gas Turns milky
(d) K2CO3 CO2 gas Turns milky
28. Which of the following structures correctly depicts the
(a) Colour of sky as seen from earth during the day. compound CaCl2?
(b) Colour of the sky as seen from the moon. 2– 2+

(c) Colour used to paint the danger signals. ××

(a) Ca2+ Cl (b) × Ca × Cl
(d) Colour of sun at the time of noon × × × ×× ×
2
– + –
Section-B ××
(c) Ca2+ Cl (d) × Ca × Cl
× × × ×× ×
Section-B consists of 24 questions (Q. No. 25 to 48). Attempt 2 2
any 20 questions from this section. The first attempted
20 questions would be evaluated. 29. The pair(s) which will show displacement reaction is/are
(i) NaCl solution and copper metal
25. Which one of the following reactions is categorised as
thermal decomposition reaction? (ii) AgNO3 solution and copper metal
(a) 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) (iii) Al2(SO4)3 solution and magnesium metal
(b) 2AgBr(s) → 2Ag(s) + Br2(g) (iv) ZnSO4 solution and iron metal
(c) 2AgCl(s) → 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g) (a) Only (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(d) CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (ii)
26. Consider the pH value of the following acidic samples:
30. Which of the following salts do not have the water of
S.No. Sample pH Value crystalisation?
1 Lemon Juice 2.2 (i) Bleaching Powder (ii) Plaster of Paris
2 Gastric Juice 1.2 (iii) Washing soda (iv) Baking soda
3 Vinegar 3.76 (a) (ii) and (iv) (b) (i) and (iii)
4 Dil. Acetic acid 3.0 (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iv)

The decreasing order of their H+ ion concentration is Question No. 31-35 consists of two statements - Assertion (A)
(a) 3 > 4 > 1 > 2 (b) 2 > 1 > 3 > 4 and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate options given below:
(c) 2 > 1 > 4 > 3 (d) 3 > 4 > 2 > 1

42 SCIENCE
 (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct 37. Respiratory structures of two different animals-a fish and
explanation of (A). a human being are as shown.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct Observe (a) and (b) and select one characteristic that holds
explanation of (A). true for both of them.
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. Alveoli (b)
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. Gills (a)

31. Assertion (A): Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an Water

ingredient in antacids. flows in
Reason (R): NaHCO3 is a mild non-corrosive basic salt. through
mouth
32. Assertion (A): Burning of Natural gas is an endothermic
process. (a) Both are placed internally in the body of animal.
Reason (R): Methane gas combines with Oxygen to (b) Both have thin and moist surface for gaseous
produce carbon dioxide and water. exchange.
(c) Both are poorly supplied with blood vessels to
33. Assertion (A): Nitrogen is an essential element for plant
conserve energy.
growth and is taken up by plants in the form of inorganic
(d) In both the blood returns to the heart after being
nitrates or nitrites.
oxygenated.
Reason (R): The soil is the nearest and richest source of
raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals 38. Observe the diagram of an activity given below. What
for the plants. does it help to conclude, when the person exhales into the
test-tube?
34. Assertion (A): Sun appears reddish at the time of Sunrise
and Sunset.
Reason (R): Distance travelled by sunlight in the
atmosphere is lesser during sunrise and sunset as compared
to noon. [OS]*
35. Assertion (A): Hydrochloric acid helps in the digestion of
food in the stomach.
Reason (R): Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic medium
to activate protein digesting enzymes.
36. A student was asked to write a stepwise procedure Lime water
to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is necessary for
photosynthesis. He wrote the following steps. The wrongly
worded step is
(a) Percentage of carbon dioxide is more in inhaled air.
(b) Fermentation occurs in the presence of oxygen.
(c) Percentage of carbon dioxide is more in the exhaled air.
(d) Fermentation occurs in the presence of carbon dioxide.
Green plant 39. If a lens can converge the sun rays at a point 20 cm. away
from its optical centre, the power of this lens is-
KOH (a) +2D (b) –2D
(A) (B) (c) + 5D (d) –5D
(a) Both potted plants are kept in dark room for at least 40. The radius of curvature of a converging mirror is 30 cm. At
three days. what distance from the mirror should an object be placed
(b) Bottom of the bell jars is sealed to make them air tight. so as to obtain a virtual image?
(c) Both potted plants are kept in sunlight after the starch (a) Infinity
test. (b) 30 cm
(d) A leaf from both the plants is taken to test the presence (c) Between 15 cm and 30 cm
of starch. (d) Between 0 cm and 15 cm

*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

CBSE 2022 (Term-I) 43

41. The length of small intestine in a deer is more as compared (a) 2 × 108 m/s and 1.33 × 108 m/s
to the length of small intestine of a tiger. The reason for (b) 1.33 × 108 m/s and 2 × 108 m/s
this is
(c) 2.25 × 108 m/s and 2 × 108 m/s
(a) Mode of intake of food.
(b) Type of food consumed. (d) 2 × 108 m/s and 2.25 × 108 m/s
(c) Presence or absence of villi in intestines. 47. An object of height 4 cm is kept at a distance of 30 cm
(d) Presence or absence of digestive enzymes. from the pole diverging mirror. If the focal length of the
42. Identify the two components of Phloem tissue that help in mirror is 10 cm, the height of the image formed is
transportation of food in plants. (a) +3.0 cm (b) +2.5 cm
(a) Phloem parenchyma & sieve tubes (c) +1.0 cm (d) +7.5 cm
(b) Sieve tubes & companion cells
(c) Phloem parenchyma & companion cells 48. 50.0 mL of tap water was taken in a beaker. Hydrochloric acid
(d) Phloem fibres and sieve tubes was added drop by drop to water. The temperature and pH of
the solution was noted. The following graph was obtained.
43. A converging lens forms a three times magnified image Choose the correct statements related to this activity.
of an object, which can be taken on a screen. If the focal 7.00
length of the lens is 30 cm, then the distance of the object
from the lens is: 6.00

pH of Solution
(a) –55 cm (b) –50 cm 5.00
(c) –45 cm (d) –40 cm
4.00
44. Which of the following statements is not true in reference
3.00
to the diagram shown above?
2.00
1.00
Object 0
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
C F Volume of HCl added (mL)
(i) The process of dissolving an acid in water is highly
endothermic.
(a) Image formed is real. (ii) The pH of the solution increases rapidly on addition of
(b) Image formed is enlarged. acid.
(c) Image is formed at a distance equal to double the focal (iii) The pH of the solution decreases rapidly on addition
length. of acid.
(d) Image formed is inverted.
(iv) The pH of tap water was around 7.0.
45. In the diagram shown above n1, n, and n3, are refractive (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)
indices of the media 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Which one of
the following is true in this case? (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)

1 θ1 Section-C
n1
Section-C consists of three cases followed by questions. There
2 are a total of 12 questions (Q. No. 49 to 60) in this section.
θ2 n2
Attempt any 10 questions from this section. The first attempted
10 questions would be evaluated.
3
θ3 n3 Case-I:
A student, took four metals P, Q, R and S and carried out
different experiments to study the properties of metals. Some
(a) n1 = n2 (b) n1 > n2 of the observation were:
(c) n2 > n3 (d) n3 > n1 • All metal could not be cut with knife except metal R.
46. The refractive index of medium A is 1.5 and that of medium • Metal P combined with oxygen to form an oxide M2O3
B is 1.33. 1f the speed of light in air is 3 × 108 m/s, what is which reacted with both acids and bases.
the speed of light in medium A and B respectively? • Reaction with water.

44 SCIENCE
P – Did not react either with cold or hot water but reacted with (c) In passing the waste products in the dialysing solution.
steam (d) To pump purified blood back into the body of the
Q – Reacted with hot water and the metal started floating patient.
R – Reacted violently with cold water
S – Did not react with water at all 54. Which one of the following is not a function of Artificial
Based on the above observation answer the following: Kidney?
(a) To remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood.
49. Out of the given metals, the one which needs be stored in
(b) To remove excess fluids from the blood.
Kerosene is:
(c) To reabsorb essential nutrients from the blood.
(a) P (b) R
(d) To filter and purify the blood.
(c) S (d) Q
55. The ‘used dialysing’ solution is rich in:
50. Out of the given metals, the metal Q is:
(a) Urea and excess salts (b) Blood cells
(a) Iron (b) Zinc (c) Lymph (d) Proteins
(c) Potassium (d) Magnesium
56. Which part of the nephron in human kidney, serves the
51. Metal which forms amphoteric oxides is: function of reabsorption of certain substances?
(a) P (b) Q (a) Glomerulus (b) Bowman's Capsule
(c) R (d) S (c) Tubules (d) Collecting duct
52. The increasing order of the reactivity of the four metals is: Case-III:
(a) P < Q < R < S (b) S < R < Q < P
(c) S < P < Q < R (d) P < R < Q < S A compound microscope is an instrument which consists of two
lenses L1 and L2. The lens L1 called objective, forms a real,
Case-II: inverted and magnified image of the given object. This serves
The figure shown below represents a common type of dialysis
as the object for the second lens L2; the eye piece. The eye piece
called as Haemodialysis. It removes waste products from the
functions like a simple microscope or magnifier. It produces
blood. Such as excess salts, and urea which are insufficiently
the final image, which is inverted with respect to the original
removed by the kidney in patients with kidney failure. During
object, enlarged and virtual.
the procedure, the patient’s blood is cleaned by filtration
through a series of semi-permeable membranes before being 57. What types of lenses must be L1, and L2
returned to the blood of the patient. On the basis of this, answer (a) Both concave
the following questions: (b) Both convex
Line from Tubing made (c) L1-concave and L2-convex
artery to pump of a selectively (d) L1-convex and L2-concave
permeable 58. What is the value and sign of magnification (according to
membrane
the new Cartesian sign convention) of the image formed
by L1?
(a) Value = Less than 1 and Sign = Positive
(b) Value = More than 1 and Sign = Positive
(c) Value = Less than 1 and Sign = Negative
(d) Value = More than 1 and Sign = Negative
Dialysing
Line from solution
59. What is the value and sign of (according to new Cartesian
apparatus to sign convention) magnification of the image formed by L2?
vein (a) Value = Less than 1 and Sign = Positive
(b) Value = More than 1 and Sign = Positive
(c) Value = Less than 1 and Sign = Negative
Fresh Used dialysing
dialysing solution (d) Value = More than 1 and Sign = Negative
solution 60. If power of the eyepiece (L2) is 5 diopters and it forms
53. The hemodialyzer has semi-permeable lining of tubes an image at a distance of 80 cm from its optical centre, at
which help to: what distance should the object be?
(a) To maintain osmotic pressure of blood. (a) 12 cm (b) 16 cm
(b) To filter nitrogenous wastes from the dialysing solution. (c) 18 cm (d) 20 cm

CBSE 2022 (Term-I) 45

 EXPLANATIONS
1. (c) BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → 2NaCl + BaSO4 ↓ hydroxide is a strong base and acetic acid is a weak
(Barium (Sodium (Sodium (Barium acid, therefore, the overall salt solution will be basic.
chloride) sulphate) chloride) sulphate)
(white) 10. (c) Statement (c) is incorrect because chemical
composition of the reactants and products is not same
2. (a) Generally, metal oxides are basic in nature and before and after a chemical reaction. This is because
non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature. Some of the new compounds are formed as products.
metal oxides form alkali when dissolved in water. In
11. (d) The diagram displays two blood vessels, A and B,
the given oxides, sodium and potassium oxides are
with blood vessel A being the pulmonary artery that
metallic in nature and they form sodium and potassium
conveys deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
hydroxides respectively.
of the heart to the lungs. On the other hand, blood
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) vessel B is the pulmonary vein, which transmits
K2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of
Here, SO2 and NO2 due to acidic in nature will not the heart. This is an unusual case as veins usually carry
form alkalies in water. deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated
blood. The left atrium of the heart relaxes to receive
3. (d) According to the given diagram, it is clear that
the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein, while
zinc granules are present in a test tube, and dilute
the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood.
H2SO4 is poured on it. Zinc, which is more reactive
than hydrogen, displaces it and form zinc sulphate. 12. (a) When the breakdown occurs in the absence of oxygen
Hydrogen gas is also formed during this. H2 gas is it is called anaerobic respiration and glucose is broken
combustible in nature therefore, it burns with popping down into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide and
sound when a burnt match stick is bought near to this. energy and in lack of oxygen in muscle cells it breaks
down into lactic acid and energy.
Thus, it is clear that the gas formed is hydrogen gas.
13. (c) In single-celled organisms, digestion occurs inside the
4. (b) In all the given reactions, the balanced equation is,
food vacuoles, where complex food is broken down
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) into simpler substances. For exchange of gases, simple
Here, on both the left and right side of arrow, same diffusion is adequate in these organisms, so they do
number of atoms of each element are present. not require specialized tissues. This is because a tissue
5. (c) In the given table, (i) and (iv) are not correctly matched is a group of cells that work together to perform a
as orange contains citric acid and tamarind contains particular function, and a single-celled organism is
tartaric acid. just one cell. Since the entire surface of a single-celled
organism is in direct contact with the environment,
6. (c) The given reaction is involved in the process of
they can take in food directly from their surroundings.
respiration, which gives enormous amount of energy.
Such type of reactions in which, large amount of 14. (b) Plants excrete various products such as gums, latex,
energy is produced along with products are called resins etc. Plants get rid of these products through
exothermic reaction. shedding of leaves and falling of fruits. Urea is an
excretory product which is generally produced by
7. (c) In the given reaction, MnO2 loses oxygen and forms
the breakdown of proteins in humans. This excretory
MnCl2. Therefore, it is said that MnO2 is reduced to
product is not excreted by the plants.
MnCl2. Whereas, HCl loses hydrogen and forms Cl2.
Therefore, it is said that HCl is oxidized to Cl2. 15. (d) Figure A represents diaphragm. During expiration, the
diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the
8. (d) Bases turn pink when a drop of phenolphthalein is
lungs and thoracic tissues to recoil, which decreases
added to them as, phenolphthalein is a weak acid and
the volume of the lungs and expels the residual gas
it gives pink colour when added to base.
remaining in them. The diaphragm flattens and move
9. (d) Option (d) is correct because sodium acetate is formed down towards the abdomen as we inhale and becomes
when acetic acid (weak acid) and sodium hydroxide dome-shaped and raised upward when we exhale.
(strong base) is reacted with each other. Since, sodium

46 SCIENCE
16. (c) The diagram illustrates the closure of stomatal pores, 23. (c) From diagram we can see that while passing from A
which are tiny openings on the surface of leaves to B, light bends towards normal. Hence ∠1 > ∠2.
through which plants exchange gases and release Through B , it travels in a straight path. As interface
water vapor. Stomatal pores on leaves open and close B-C and A-B are parallel, so ∠2 and ∠3 are equal and
via specialized cells called guard cells. When these alternate interior angles. When light passes from B to
cells lose water, they shrink, causing the pores to close. C, light moves away from normal, so ∠4 is greater
This mechanism helps plants conserve water and than angle ∠3. If we extend ray in medium A, it will
regulate their water balance. The pores close when the intersect actual ray in C which shows that ∠1 is less
plant doesn’t need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis than ∠4.
to prevent excessive water loss.
24. (c) When white light falls on a prism, it splits into seven
17. (a) A concave mirror is used in a solar cooker to focus colours. The violet colour bends the most while the red
sunlight onto the cooking pot. The concave mirror colour least. Here in the given figure, y represents the
reflects and concentrates the sunlight onto the pot, red colour which is used to paint the danger signals.
which helps in heating the food quickly and efficiently.
25. (d) When decomposition occurs in the presence of
The mirror is designed to reflect and converge the
parallel rays of sunlight onto a single point, known as heat, it is known as thermal decomposition. Here,
the focal point. decomposition of calcium carbonate in the presence
18. (c) M of heat produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
A C and is the example of thermal decomposition reaction.
26. (c) pH = –log[H+]
B O From the above expression, it is clear that the lower the
value of pH, higher is the hydrogen ion concentration.
2F F
In the given table, vinegar has the highest value of pH
means it has lowest hydrogen ion concentration and
N gastric juice has lowest pH value means it has highest
To get a magnified and real image, object should be hydrogen ion concentration. Hence, the correct
kept either between 2F and F or at F. If it is kept at F, decreasing order of hydrogen ion concentration is:
image will form at infinity which cannot be taken on 2>1>4>3
screen, so object should be kept between 2F and F. 27. (d) On observing the experimental setup given in the
19. (b) It is a concave lens because in the given diagram above figure, the best suitable option is given in (d).
rays are diverging and concave lens also known as If P is potassium carbonate and when it is treated with
diverging lens. dil HCl solution, it reacts vigorously producing carbon
20. (b) When ray of light travels from medium A to medium dioxide gas that is Q. The released CO2 gas turns
B, there is minimum difference in refractive index. lime (Ca(OH)2) water milky due to the formation of
Thus, the change in speed of light is minimum for A-B calcium carbonate. The complete observed reactions
interface and as a result bending of light is minimum are given as,
for A-B interface. K2CO3(s) + 2HCl(l) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)↑ + 2KCl(aq)
21. (c) Scattering of light takes place because of the presence Potassium carbonate      Carbon dioxide Potassium
of particles in the medium through which light travels. chloride
When light enters the atmosphere, it interacts with the Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
small particles present in the air, such as dust, smoke, Calcium hydroxide Carbon Calcium Water
and water droplets. These particles have dimensions (Lime water) dioxide carbonate
(White ppt)
comparable to the wavelength of the light, which
(Makes
causes the light to scatter in all directions. limewater
22. (b) From the diagram we can see that there is concave milky)
mirror and object is between F and P, so in this case 28. (c) 
The outer shell of calcium contains 2 electrons
formation of image takes place behind the mirror whereas, chlorine contains 7 electrons. To get stable
and image will highly magnified. The image will be electronic configuration, calcium must donates its two
virtual , erect and upright. outer shell electrons to both the chlorine atoms. In this
Hence, the magnification will be positive and greater way all the three atoms are get stabilized. This can be
than one. shown by the following figure,

CBSE 2022 (Term-I) 47

 in the stomach helps in digestion of food by creating
suitable acidic conditions necessary for the action of
×× pepsin. HCl also destroys the structure of proteins so
× × Cl that the enzymes can digest them easily. It also get
× Ca ×
mixed with food and kills the bacteria present in food.
×× 36. (c) Both plants were initially kept in a dark room for three
days to deplete any stored starch in their leaves.
Cl 
One of the plants had a watch-glass containing
potassium hydroxide placed beside it. Potassium
hydroxide is used to absorb carbon dioxide, creating a
During this arrangement of electrons, calcium attains condition where the plant next to it will be deprived of
+2 charge and each chlorine get one-one negative carbon dioxide during the experiment.
charge. Hence, the arrangement given in option (c) is
correct. Both plants were covered with separate bell-jars and
sealed with vaseline to create airtight conditions for
29. (b) The metal which is more reactive can displace the less the experiment.
reactive metal. In all the given statements, only (ii)
and (iii) will show displacement reactions. Copper The plants were kept in sunlight for about two hours.
is more reactive than silver, so it will displace silver Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis to occur.
from silver nitrate solution. In (iii), magnesium is After exposure to sunlight, a leaf was plucked from
more reactive than aluminum, it will displace Al from each plant, and the presence of starch was checked
aluminum sulphate solution. using a starch test.
30. (d) (i) Bleaching powder: Its chemical formula is The student should compare the results of the starch
CaOCl2. It has zero water of crystallization. test for both leaves.
(ii) Plaster of paris: Its chemical formula is If the leaf that was exposed to the potassium hydroxide
CaSO4.1/2H2O. It has half water of crystallization. (absence of carbon dioxide) shows significantly less or
(iii) Washing soda: Its chemical formula is no starch compared to the other leaf (exposed to normal
Na2SO4.10H2O. It has ten water of crystallization. air with carbon dioxide), then it can be concluded that
carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis. This
(iv) Baking soda: Its chemical formula is NaHCO3. It
is because the absence of starch in the leaf exposed to
has zero water of crystallization.
the potassium hydroxide indicates that the plant could
Hence, bleaching powder and baking soda has not perform photosynthesis in the absence of carbon
zero water of crystallization. dioxide, which is a crucial reactant in the process of
31. (b) NaHCO3 (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is alkaline in photosynthesis.
nature therefore, it neutralize the excess acid produced
37. (b) Both fish and human beings have respiratory
in stomach. Therefore, it is the main ingredient in
structures with thin and moist surfaces that facilitate
antacid. This is also a mild, non-corrosive basic salt.
the easy diffusion of gases and substances. In fish,
32. (d) Methane is also known as natural gas. Burning of the gills have thin filaments with a large surface area,
natural gas that is methane is an exothermic reaction while in humans, the lungs have alveoli that are tiny
because during combustion, large amount of heat is air sacs lined with blood vessels. The moist lining of
produced along with carbon dioxide and water. The both structures helps in gas exchange.
complete reaction is represented as,
38. (c) When carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water,
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Energy
it turns the lime water milky due to the formation of
Hence, assertion (A) is false and reason (R)is true. calcium carbonate. This is because carbon dioxide
33. (b) Plants obtain nutrients from the soil. Soil contains reacts with calcium hydroxide in the lime water
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are to form calcium carbonate, which is insoluble and
required for plant growth. Among these nitrogen appears as a milky precipitate. When air is blown from
is one of the essential elements. It can be taken or the mouth into a test-tube containing lime water, the
absorbed from soil in the form of nitrates and nitrites. lime water turns milky because the air we breathe out
34. (c) Out of the Syllabus has a higher percentage of carbon dioxide gas than the
35. (a) Pepsin is an enzyme which is known as protein air we inhale. This reaction is often used as a simple
digesting enzyme. Hydrochloric acid, which is present test for the presence of carbon dioxide gas.

48 SCIENCE
39. (c) The sun is at infinity and a converging lens (convex The refractive index n = c/n
lens) converges all incident rays at focus. From the question, it is given that the speed of the
So, here focal length f = 20 (0.2) m light in the air is c = 3 × 108 m/s
1 100 the refractive index of the medium A is nA = 1.5 A
and Power = = = 5D
f 20 that of medium B is nB = 1.33
40. (d) Radius of curvature of concave mirror = 30 cm. the velocity of light in medium A is n = c/nA
In case of concave mirror virtual image is obtained = 3 × 108/1.5 = 2 × 108 m/s
when object is placed between pole and focus. As, the velocity of light in medium B is n = c/nB
focal length = Radius/2 = 30/2 = 15cm.
= 3 × 108/1.33 = 2.2 × 108 m/s
41. (b) The length of the small intestine varies among animals
47. (c) Object height (h) = 4 cm
depending on their diet. Herbivores have longer small
intestines because they consume plant-based food The mirror is diverging, focal length f = 10 cm
that contains cellulose, which takes longer to digest. Object distance u = –30 cm
Carnivores, on the other hand, lack the enzyme to Using mirror formula,
digest cellulose and have shorter small intestines. Deer 1/ n + 1/u = 1/f
are herbivores with a longer small intestine, while a
tiger is a carnivore with a shorter small intestine, since u/ n = u/f – 1 = (–30/10) – 1 = –4
deer consume cellulose-rich plant material, while Magnification, m = image height/Object height
tigers consume meat, which is easier to digest. 1
= –(n/u) =
42. (b) Phloem is a plant tissue that transports sugars and 4
other nutrients throughout the plant. It consists of four Image height = h/4 = 1cm
different elements, including sieve tubes, companion 48. (c) The process of dissolving an acid in water is
cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers. Sieve exothermic in nature.
tubes are responsible for transporting sugars and other
The pH of tap water is around 7.0 i.e., neutral and on
nutrients up and down the plant, while companion cells
addition of HCl to the beaker containing tap water, the
regulate and support the activity of sieve tubes. Phloem
pH of the solution decreases.
fibers provides mechanical strength to the plant, and
phloem parenchyma store compounds such as starch. 49. (b) Out of given metals, the metal which needs to be
Together, sieve tubes and companion cells play a stored in kerosene must be R because in kerosene, this
crucial role in the transportation of food in plants. will not react vigorously as it reacts with cold water
and cause a fire.
43. (d) We know f = R/2
m = v/u (m = magnification, v = image distance, 50. (d) It is given that metal Q reacts with hot water and starts
u = object distance) floating. Therefore, out of given metals, the metal Q
–3u = v (given) must be magnesium as Mg is very reactive metal. It
1/v – 1/u = 1/f reacts with hot water and forms magnesium hydroxide
–1/3u – 1/u = 1/30 and hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas bubbles formed
–u – 3u/(3u) = 1/30 on the surface of metal makes it lighter than water.
–4u/3u2 = 1/30 Hence, Mg floats on water.
–3u/4 = 30 51. (a) It is given that the metal P combines with oxygen
u = –40 cm to form an oxide M2O3 which reacts with both acids
44. (b) In diagram , there is a concave mirror. When an object and bases to produce salt and water. Therefore, oxide
is placed at C (2f) then the image will be formed at 2f M2O3 is an amphoteric oxide and metal which forms
only and image will be of same size not enlarged. amphoteric oxide must be P.
45. (d) When the light enters from optically rarer to optically 52. (c) The correct increasing order of the reactivity is:
denser medium, it bends towards the normal. While S<P<Q<R
travelling from n1 to n2 light bends towards the normal,
53. (c) The hemodialyzer is a medical device used to filter the
so n2 is greater than n1. Similarly n3 is greater than n1
blood of patients with kidney failure. It has a semi-
and n2.
permeable membrane lining a tube that selectively
46. (d) The refractive index is the degree of the change of the removes waste products and excess fluids from the
direction of the light in two mediums. blood, while retaining larger molecules such as blood

CBSE 2022 (Term-I) 49

 cells and proteins. During hemodialysis, the patient’s to be excreted in the urine. The collecting duct comes
blood is pumped through the hemodialyzer, which into play later in the process of urine formation, but it
filters it and returns it to the body. The semi-permeable is not primarily involved in reabsorption.
lining plays a crucial role in this process by allowing 57. (b) The concave lens always form diminished image,
for the selective removal of waste products and excess but the image formed by lens L1 and L2 is magnified.
fluids from the blood. Hence, both the lens are convex lens.
54. (c) An artificial kidney is a medical device used to remove 58. (d) Magnification = image size/ object size
nitrogenous waste products from the blood through This magnification tell us about the nature of the image
dialysis. Dialysis is an artificial process that eliminates based on the sign itself. If the ratio is negative then
waste and excess water from the blood by diffusion the image is real and inverted. Image formed by L1, is
and ultrafiltration. During dialysis, the blood is filtered inverted, real and magnified. Thus, its magnification
through a semipermeable membrane that allows small should be negative and more than 1.
molecules such as waste products and excess water 59. (b) Magnification = image size/ object size
to pass through, while retaining larger molecules such This magnification tell us about the nature of the
as proteins and blood cells. The artificial kidney does image based on the sign itself. If the ratio is negative
not reabsorb essential nutrients from the blood, as it then the image is real and inverted. Image formed by
is only designed to remove waste products and excess L2, is virtual and enlarged. Hence magnification is
water. positive and greater than 1.
55. (a) In hemodialysis, a machine filters wastes, salts, and 60. (b) Power of a lens is (P) = +5D
excess fluid from the blood by passing it through a 1
semipermeable membrane. The used dialysate solution focal length of lens (f) =
P
that is discarded after hemodialysis is indeed rich in
1
urea and excess salts that have been removed from the f= = 0.20 m= 20 cm
patient’s blood. This helps to restore the balance of P
electrolytes and other substances in the patient’s body. Nature of lens = Convex (converging)
The cleansed blood is returned to the patient. The object distance is less than focal length in first
three options.
56. (c) In the human kidney, the tubules are responsible
Therefore, according to sign contravention n = –80 cm
for the reabsorption of certain substances from the
For finding the object distance, the formula is used.
filtrate back into the bloodstream. The process of
The lens formula is:
reabsorption occurs after the initial filtration of blood
1 1 1
in the glomerulus and the formation of filtrate in = −
Bowman’s capsule. The tubules are a series of tiny f ν u
tubes that extend from the Bowman’s capsule and 1 1 1 ⇒ 1= 1 − 1 ⇒ 1 =−1 − 4
are involved in fine-tuning the composition of urine ⇒ = −
u ν f u −80 20 u −80
by reabsorbing essential substances such as water,
1 5 1 1
glucose, amino acids, and ions back into the blood ⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ u = 16 cm
while allowing waste products and excess substances u 80 u 16

50 SCIENCE
 DELHI
2020 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises three sections A, B and C. There are 30 questions in the question paper. All questions are
compulsory.
(ii) Section A – all questions/or parts (question no. 1 to 14) thereof in this section are one mark questions comprising MCQ,
VSA type and Assertion–Reason type questions. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(iii) Section B – question no. 15 to 24 are short answer type questions, carrying three marks each. Answer to these questions
should not exceed 50 to 60 words.
(iv) Section C – question no. 25 to 30 are long answer type questions, carrying five marks each. Answer to these questions
should not exceed 80 to 90 words.
(v) Answer should be brief and to the point. Also the above mentioned word limit be adhered to as far as possible.
(vi) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in some questions in each
section. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
(vii) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.

(c) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal

Section-A balance of the body? (1 Mark)
1. Name a cyclic unsaturated carbon compound. (1 Mark) (d) Write two factors that determine the size of a
population. (1 Mark)
2. The change in magnetic field lines in a coil is the cause
of induced electric current in it. Name the underlying 4. Human body is made up of five important components,
of which water is the main component. Food as well as
phenomenon. [OS] (1 Mark)
potable water are essential for every human being. The food
Answer question numbers 3(a) to 3(d) and 4(a) to 4(d)
is obtained from plants through agriculture. Pesticides are
on the basis of your understanding of the following
being used extensively for a high yield in the fields. These
paragraphs and the related studied concepts. pesticides are absorbed by the plants from the soil along
3. The growing size of the human population is a cause with water and minerals and from the water bodies. These
of concern for all people. The rate of birth and death in a pesticides are taken up by the aquatic animals and plants. As
given population will determine its size. Reproduction is these chemicals are not biodegradable, they get accumulated
the process by which organisms increase their population. progressively at each trophic level. The maximum
The process of sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual concentration of these chemicals gets accumulated in our
and takes place while general body growth is still going on. bodies and greatly affects the health of our mind and body.
(a) Why is the maximum concentration of pesticides
Some degree of sexual maturation does not necessarily mean
found in human beings? (1 Mark)
that the mind or body is ready for sexual acts or for having
(b) Give one method which could be applied to reduce
and bringing up children. Various contraceptive devices are our intake of pesticides through food to some extent.
being used by human beings to control the size of population.  (1 Mark)
(a) List two common signs of sexual maturation in boys
(c) Various steps in a food chain represent: (1 Mark)
and girls.  (1 Mark)
(b) What is the result of reckless female foeticide? (i) Food web (ii) Trophic level
 (1 Mark) (iii) Ecosystem (iv) Biomagnification
 (d) With regard to various food chains operating in an OR
ecosystem, man is a: (1 Mark)
When an object is kept within the focus of a concave
(i) Consumer mirror, an enlarged image is formed behind the mirror.
(ii) Producer This image is:
(iii) Producer and consumer (a) Real (b) Inverted
(iv) Producer and decomposer (c) Virtual and inverted (d) Virtual and erect
5. Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce 10. At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the
slaked lime. circuit: (1 Mark)
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) (a) vary continuously (b) does not change
This reaction can be classified as: (c) reduces substantially (d) increases heavily
(A) Combination reaction (B) Exothermic reaction
OR
(C) Endothermic reaction (D) Oxidation reaction
Two bulbs of 100 W and 40 W are connected in series. The
Which of the following is a correct option? (1 Mark)
current through the 100 W bulb is 1 A. The current through
(a) (A) and (C) (b) (C) and (D) the 40 W bulb will be:
(c) (A), (C) and (D) (d) (A) and (B) (a) 0.4 A (b) 0.6 A
OR (c) 0.8 A (d) 1 A
When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a blue 11. Which one of the following is responsible for the
solution of copper sulphate, a black precipitate of copper
sustenance of underground water? [OS] (1 Mark)
sulphide is obtained and the sulphuric acid so formed
remains in the solution. The reaction is an example of a: (a) Loss of vegetation cover
(a) Combination reaction (b) Diversion for high water demanding crops
(b) Displacement reaction (c) Pollution from urban wastes
(c) Decomposition reaction (d) Afforestation
(d) Double displacement reaction 12. Incomplete combustion of coal and petroleum:
 [OS] (1 Mark)
6. In a double displacement reaction such as the reaction
between sodium sulphate solution and barium chloride (A) increases air pollution.
solution: (1 Mark) (B) increases efficiency of machines.
(A) exchange of atoms takes place (C) reduces global warming.
(B) exchange of ions takes place (D) produce poisonous gases.
(C) a precipitate is produced
The correct option is:
(D) an insoluble salt is produced
(a) (A) and (B) (b) (A) and (D)
The correct option is:
(c) (B) and (C) (d) (C) and (D)
(a) (B) and (D) (b) (A) and (C)
For question numbers 13 and 14, two statements are given
(c) only (B) (d) (B), (C) and (D)
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
7. Baking soda is a mixture of : (1 Mark) (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
(a) Sodium carbonate and acetic acid codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(b) Sodium carbonate and tartaric acid (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of
(c) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid the Assertion.
(d) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
8. The chemical formula for plaster of Paris is: (1 Mark) explanation of the Assertion.
(a) CaSO4·2H2O (b) CaSO4·H2O (c) A is true but R is false.
1 (d) A is false but R is true.
(c) CaSO4· HO (d) 2 CaSO4·H2O
2 2 13. Assertion (A): Esterification is a process in which a sweet
9. The laws of reflection hold true for: (1 Mark) smelling substance is produced. (1 Mark)
(a) plane mirrors only (b) concave mirrors only Reason (R): When esters react with sodium hydroxide an
(c) convex mirrors only (d) all reflecting surfaces alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid are obtained.

52 SCIENCE
14. Assertion (A): In the process of nuclear fission, the OR
amount of nuclear energy generated by the fission of an Differentiate between a glass slab and a glass prism. What
atom of uranium is so tremendous that it produces 10 happens when a narrow beam of (i) a monochromatic
million times the energy produced by the combustion of light, and (ii) white light passes through
an atom of carbon from coal. (1 Mark)
(a) glass slab and (b) glass prism?
Reason (R): The nucleus of a heavy atom such as uranium,
22. Draw a labelled diagram to show
when bombarded with low energy neutrons, splits apart
(i) reddish appearance of the sun at the sunrise or the
into lighter nuclei. The mass difference between the
sunset and [OS]
original nucleus and the product nuclei gets converted to
(ii) 
white appearance of the sun at noon when it is
tremendous energy. [OS]
overhead.(3 Marks)
Section-B 23. A V-I graph for a nichrome wire is given below. What do
15. 1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish and heated. you infer from this graph? Draw a labelled circuit diagram
What change takes place on heating? When hydrogen gas to obtain such a graph.(3 Marks)
is passed over this heated substance , a visible change is

potential difference(V)
2.0
seen in it. Give the chemical equations of reactions , the ×
1.6 ×
name and the color of the products formed in each case. 1.2 ×
(3 Marks) ×
0.8 ×
16. List the important products of the Chlor-alkali process. 0.4 ×
Write one important use of each.(3 Marks)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
OR Current(A)
How is washing soda prepared from sodium carbonate? 24. (a) Write the mathematical expression for Joule’s law of
Give its chemical equation. State the type of this salt. heating.
Name the type of hardness of water which can be removed (b)  Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000
by it? coulomb of charge in two hours through a potential
17. 3 mL of ethanol is taken in a test tube and warmed gently difference of 40 V.(3 Marks)
in a water bath. A 5% solution of alkaline potassium
permanganate is added first drop by drop to this solution, Section-C
then in excess.(3 Marks) 25. Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of sodium, magnesium
(i) How is 5% solution of KMnO4 prepared? and aluminium to their respective metals. Why? Where
(ii) State the role of alkaline potassium permanganate in are these metals placed in the reactivity series? How are
this reaction. What happens on adding it in excess? these metals obtained from their ores? Take an example
to explain the process of extraction along with chemical
(iii) Write chemical equation of this reaction. equations.(5 Marks)
18. A squirrel is in a scary situation. Its body has to prepare 26. The position of certain elements in the Modern Periodic
for either fighting or running away. State the immediate Table are shown below.
changes that take place in its body so that the squirrel is
able to either fight or run?(3 Marks) Group→ 1 2 3 13 14 15 16 17 18
OR to
↓Period
12
Why is chemical communication better than electrical
impulses as a means of communication between cells in a 1 G H
multi-cellular organism? 2 A I B C
19. Define the term pollination. Differentiate between self 3 D E F
pollination and cross pollination. What is the significance
Using the above table answer the following questions
of pollination?(3 Marks)
giving reasons in each case: [OS] (5 Marks)
20. What are homologous structures? Give an example. Is (i) Which element will form only covalent compounds?
it necessary that homologous structures always have a (ii) Which element is a non-metal with valency 2?
common ancestor. Justify your answer. [OS] (3 Marks) (iii) Which element is a metal with valency 2?
21. Why is Tyndall effect shown by colloidal particles? State (iv) Out of H, C and F which has largest atomic size?
four instances of observing the Tyndall effect.(3 Marks) (v) To which family does H, C and F belong?

CBSE 2020 (DELHI) 53

 OR (i) 
between optical centre and principal focus of a convex
lens.
Define atomic size. Give its unit of measurement. In the
modem periodic table what trend is observed in the atomic (ii) anywhere in front of a concave lens.
radius in a group and a period and why is it so?[OS] (iii) at 2F of a convex lens.
27. (a) Why is there a difference in the rate of breathing State the signs and values of magnifications in the above
between aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms? mentioned cases (i) and (ii).
Explain. OR
(b) Draw a diagram of human respiratory system and
label-pharynx, trachea, lungs, diaphragm and alveolar An object 4.0 cm in size, is placed 25.0 cm in front of a
sac on it.(5 Marks) concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm.
(i) 
At what distance from the mirror should a screen be
OR
placed in order to obtain a sharp image?
(a) 
Name the organs that form the excretory system in
(ii) Find the size of the image.
human beings.
(iii) 
Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in
(b) 
Describe in brief how urine is produced in human
this case.
body.
30. (a) What is an electromagnet? List any two uses.
28. (a) What is the law of dominance of traits? Explain with (5 Marks)
an example.(5 Marks) (b)  Draw a labelled diagram to show how an electromagnet
(b) Why are the traits acquired during the life time of an is made.
individual not inherited? Explain.[OS] (c)  State the purpose of soft iron core used in making an
electromagnet.
29. Draw a ray diagram in each of the following cases to show (d)  List two ways of increasing the strength of an
the formation of image, when the object is placed: electromagnet if the material of the electromagnet is
(5 Marks) fixed.

EXPLANATIONS
1. Cyclopropene is a cyclic unsaturated carbon compound. (b) 
Washing food before consumption is a necessary
 (1 Mark) step to ensure the removal of potentially harmful
pesticides. (1 Mark)
2. Out of the Syllabus
(c) (ii) 
Various steps in the food chain represent the
3. (a) Two common signs of sexual maturation in boys and trophic level, i.e., a specific position occupied by
girls are: organism in the food chain based on their source
1. Growth of hairs in particular body regions like of food. (1 Mark)
the pubic area and underarms. (½ Mark) (d) (i) With regard to various food chains operating in an
2. Occurrence of acne. (½ Mark) ecosystem, man is a consumer, i.e., they depend
(b) Reckless female foeticide refers to the illegal practice on plants and other organisms for food.(1 Mark)
of aborting unborn female children, leading to an 5. (d) Calcium hydroxide is formed when calcium oxide reacts
abnormal gender ratio between men and women. with water. As a result, it is a combination reaction.
 (1 Mark) It is an exothermic reaction because a lot of heat is
(c) The oral contraceptive method works by changing the released during the reaction, accompanied by a hissing
hormonal balance in the body, which in turn prevents sound. (1 Mark)
ovulation in women who use these pills. (1 Mark) OR
(d) Two key factors that determines the population size (d) It is double displacement reaction since cations and
are: Birth rate and Death rate. (1 Mark) anions switches its positions and it occurs as:
4. (a) The maximum concentration of pesticides (accumulated H2S + CuSO4 → CuS + H2SO4 (1 Mark)
at each trophic level by the process called 6. (d) The reaction is: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
biomagnification) are found in humans as they occupy Hence, exchange of ions takes place, a precipitate and
the topmost trophic level in food chain. (1 Mark) an insoluble salt ( BaSO4) is produced. (1 Mark)

54 SCIENCE
 7. (c) Baking soda is mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate 3. H2: Used for making ammonia for fertilisers,
and tartaric acid. (1 Mark) margarine and fuels. (½ Mark)
8. (c) 
The chemical formula of Plaster of Paris is OR
CaSO4.½ H2O. (1 Mark) Recrystallisation of sodium carbonate gives washing soda.
Its chemical equation is:
9. (d) 
The laws of reflection hold true for all reflecting
Na2CO3 + 10H2O → Na2CO3.10H2O (2 Marks)
surfaces. (1 Mark)
It is a basic salt. (½ Mark)
OR It is used for removing permanent hardness of water.
(d) A  (½ Mark)
A 17. (i) 
Preparation of 5% Potassium permanganate: 5%
solution of KMnO4 is prepared by dissolving 5 grams
C F B PB of KMnO4 in 100 mL of water. (1 Mark)
(ii) Role of alkaline potassium permanganate:
1. Alkaline potassium permanganate acts as a strong
When the object is between the Pole and the Focus oxidising agent in this reaction since it adds
oxygen to alcohol and converts it into an acid.
Image is virtual and erect (1 Mark)
 (½ Mark)
10. (d) At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the 2. When it is added, the colour immediately fades
circuit increases heavily. (1 Mark) because coloured permanganate ions of potassium
OR permanganate are consumed in order to oxidise
(d) As the two bulbs are connected in series, the current ethanol. (½ Mark)
through both bulbs will be the same.  (1 Mark) 3. When too much is added, the colour does not
change because there is no more alcohol available
11. (d) Out of the Syllabus for the reaction. (½ Mark)
12. (b) Out of the Syllabus (iii) 
The chemical equation of this reaction is shown
13. (b) Esterification is the reaction of carboxylic acid with below:
alk KMnO4 + heat
alcohol to produce the sweet-smelling chemical ester. C2H5OH → CH3COOH
When an ester interacts with sodium hydroxide, Ethanol Ethanoic acid
it produces an alcohol as well as the sodium salt of  (½ Mark)
carboxylic acid. This is referred to as ester hydrolysis. 18. When faced with a need to fight or escape, squirrels
 (1 Mark) undergo immediate physiological changes in their bodies.
14. (a) Out of the Syllabus These changes can be summarized as follows:
Adrenaline hormone release: Increasing heart and
15. When 1g of copper powder is heated in a china dish, it
breathing rates.
produces a black material. Copper oxide (CuO) is the
Blood pressure and pupil changes: Alterations in blood
chemical formula for this material.
The reaction is: pressure along with dilation of the pupil, facilitating their
2Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s) (1½ Marks) ability to run effectively.
Copper metal is created by passing hydrogen gas over Activation of sympathetic nervous system: Hypothalamus
heated Copper Oxide (CuO). activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the
The black-coloured CuO is reduced, yielding brown- release of adrenaline from the adrenal gland.
coloured Cu metal. Pause in digestive and reproductive activities: During
CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l) (1½ Marks) these situations, the squirrel temporarily halts digestive
and reproductive processes.
16. The important products of the Chlor-Alkali processes are: All these changes made squirrels to be active while
1. Sodium Hydroxide (½ Mark) running or fighting like situations. (3 Marks)
2. Chlorine gas (½ Mark)
OR
3. Hydrogen gas (½ Mark)
Chemical communication is a more effective means of cell-
Uses:
to-cell communication in multicellular organisms compared
1. NaOH: It is utilised in the production of detergents
to electrical impulses due to the following reasons:
and soaps, as well as paper and artificial fibres.
 (½ Mark) Chemical communication occurs through hormones,
2. Cl2: Used for making Bleaching powder, Pesticides, eliminating the need for specialized tissue like nervous
and CFCs. (½ Mark) tissue used in electrical impulses. (1½ Marks)

CBSE 2020 (DELHI) 55

 While electric communication is limited to specific (a) G lass prism: It has deviated from the actual path
regions connected by nerves, chemical communication is but the direction of the incident ray and emergent
not region-specific and occurs throughout the body. ray of light are not parallel to each other
 (1½ Marks)  (½ Mark)
19. The process by which transfer of pollen grains occurs (b) Glass slab: It deviates from the actual path but the
from anther to stigma of the flower of the same species is direction of the incident ray and emergent rays
known as pollination. (1 Mark) remain parallel to each other. (½ Mark)
Self-Pollination Cross-Pollination (ii) When a narrow beam of white light passes through:
When the pollen grains When the pollen grains (a) Glass prism: White light is divided into its seven
transfer from anther to transfer from anther of a vibrant colors, violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow,
the stigma of the same flower to the stigma of orange, and red (VIBGYOR), and the directions
flower,then this type of the different flower then of the incident and emerging rays are not parallel
pollination is known as self this type of pollination is to others. (½ Mark)
pollination. called cross pollination. (b) Glass slab: There is no breaking of white light
itself into the constituent color. Furthermore, the
(1 Mark)
incident and emerging rays of light are parallel to
Significance of pollination:
Pollen grains play a crucial role in fertilization by each other. (½ Mark)
facilitating the transfer of male gametes to female eggs, 22. (i) Out of the Syllabus
leading to seed production and the subsequent generation (ii) At noon, the sun is overhead in the sky and the light
of new offspring. Hence, pollination is important to coming from the sun travels a relatively shorter
develop new offsprings. (1 Mark) distance through the atmosphere to reach the earth. In
20. Out of the Syllabus this case the blue light is not scattered much. As the
light coming from the overhead sun contains almost
21. The Tyndall effect is shown by colloidal particles because
all its component colours in the right proportion, the
of their small size and ability to scatter light. When light
sun appears white to us at noon. (1½ Marks)
passes through a colloidal solution, the particles in the
solution scatter the light, making it visible. This happens 23. The nichrome cable’s V-I graph is a straight line graph.
because the size of the particles is similar to the wavelength Hence, it follows the ohm’s law.
of visible light, causing the light to scatter in all directions. V = IR,
This scattering effect is known as the Tyndall effect.
where, R is the resistance. V is the voltage. I is the current.
 (1 Mark)
Four instances of observing the Tyndall effect are: (1 Mark)
1.  When sunlight passes through a cloudy sky, the The resistance of a wire will be-
scattered light makes the clouds visible.  (½ Mark) V 0.4
2. When a beam of light is passed through a smoky ⇒R= = =4W
I 0.1
room, the smoke particles scatter the light, making the Thus, the circuit diagram for the given case is,
beam visible.  (½ Mark)
v
3. When a flashlight is shone through a glass of milk, the
scattered light makes the milk appear white or opaque.
 (½ Mark) Nichrome
4.  When a laser beam is passed through a colloidal Wire
solution, the scattered light can be seen as a diffuse
glow.  (½ Mark)
OR A  (2 Marks)
Glass slab and glass prism are both transparent objects 2v
made of glass, but they differ in their shapes and the way 24. (a) Joule’s law of heating states that the amount of heat
they refract light. produced when a current flows through a conductor
The main difference between a glass slab and a glass prism is directly proportional to the square of the current (I),
is that a prism can disperse light into its constituent colors, the resistance (R) of the conductor, and the time (t) for
while a glass slab cannot. (1 Mark) which the current flows. The mathematical expression
(i) When a narrow beam of monochromatic light passes for Joule’s law of heating is:
through: H = I2 R t (1 Mark)

56 SCIENCE
 (b) Time (t) = 2hr = 2 × 60 × 60 = 7200sec (a) The human excretory system comprises the following
Charge (Q) = 96000C organs:
Potential difference (V) = 40V Two kidneys: Positioned on either side of the spine at
Q the level of the liver, kidneys play a vital role in blood
Current (I) =
T purification. They exist in pairs. (½ Mark)
96000  A urinary bladder: Resembling a sac, the urinary
I= = 13.33A (1 Mark)
7200 bladder stores urine until it is expelled. It receives urine
Now, heat generated from the ureters, which are individually connected to
H=V×I×t each kidney. (1 Mark)
H = 40 × 13.33 × 7200  Urethra: A tube-like structure that originates from
H = 3.8 × 106 J (1 Mark) the urinary bladder. In females, it is shorter, while in
males, it is longer. In males, the urethra serves as a
25. Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of sodium, magnesium,
common pathway for both sperm and urine.(1 Mark)
and aluminium because their reactivity exceeds that of
(b) The primary role of the kidneys is to filter blood and
carbon and also they have more affinity for oxygen.
excrete waste in the form of urine. The kidneys consist
 (1 Mark)
of a fundamental structure called nephrons, which
In the reactivity series, these metals are placed at the top
play a crucial role in the filtration process. Nephrons
above carbon. (1 Mark)
Electrolytic reduction (Electrolysis) is a process used to have two main components: (1 Mark)
recover metals with high reactivity from their ores, such  Bowman’s capsule: Shaped like a cup, Bowman’s
as sodium, magnesium, and aluminium. (1 Mark) capsule consists of a coiled tube of blood capillaries
For example, sodium is obtained by the electrolysis of that aid in the filtration process. (½ Mark)
its molten chloride. The metal is deposited at the cathode Renal tubule: The filtrate obtained from Bowman’s
(the negatively charged electrode), whereas, chlorine is capsule enters the renal tubule. During its passage,
liberated at the anode (the positively charged electrode). certain substances, such as amino acids, glucose, water
 (1 Mark) and salts, are reabsorbed and the remaining filtrate is
The reactions are – called urine is collected in the collecting duct.
At cathode: Na+ + e– → Na (½ Mark)  (½ Mark)
At anode: 2Cl– → Cl2 + 2e– (½ Mark) Subsequently, the filtered fluid moves through a duct
26. Out of the Syllabus and travels towards the urinary bladder, where it is
stored until excreted from the body as urine.(½ Mark)
27. (a) The rate of respiration varies between aquatic and
terrestrial organisms due to the following reasons: 28. (a) The law of dominance of traits states that in a hybrid
 Aquatic organisms, such as fishes, extract oxygen condition, the allele that expresses its characteristics
from water through their gills since it is present in a over the other allele is considered as the dominant allele.
dissolved state. (1 Mark) Parents (Tall) TT tt (Dwarf)
Since the amount of dissolved oxygen in water is
Gametes T t
lower compared to the oxygen in the gaseous form in
air, aquatic organisms need higher breathing rates to
fulfill their oxygen requirements. (1 Mark) F1 generation
They breathe at a faster rate than humans to meet their Tt (Heterozygous tall)
body’s demand for oxygen. (½ Mark)  (1 Mark)
(b) (2½ Marks) In this case one parent has a homozygous dominant
allele and the other parent has a homozygous recessive
Trachea allele, their gametes will carry the dominant and
Pharynx
recessive traits respectively. (1 Mark)
After fertilization, the first generation F1 would have
Lung heterozygous conditions among the both alleles the
‘T’ character expresses over the ‘t’ allele.
Hence we can say that here ‘T’ is dominant over ‘t’.
Alveolar sac Diaphragm  (½ Mark)
OR Out of the Syllabus
(b) 

CBSE 2020 (DELHI) 57

29. (i) Between optical centre and principal focus of a convex −75
lens. =hi × 4 = –6 cm (1 Mark)
A' 2 × 25
M Here, the image is below principal axis. (½ Mark)
(iii) The ray diagram showing the formation of image in
A F2 2F1 this case is,
O
B' 2F1 F1 B C2
C1 ho
 F
C
 (1 Mark) hi
 Here, the image formed is virtual, magnified and
erect. So, magnification is positive and greater than
one. (1 Mark) 15 cm
(ii) When an object is place anywhere in front of a concave 25 cm
lens. 37.5 cm  (2 Marks)
30. (a) 
An electromagnet is a magnet that is created by
passing an electric current through a coil of wire
wrapped around a ferromagnetic core such as iron.
2F F F 2F The magnetic field generated by the current in the coil
 (1 Mark) magnetizes the core. (1 Mark)
Here, the image formed is diminished, virtual and Two uses of electromagnets are:
erect. So, magnification is positive and less than one. • In electric motors: Electromagnets are used in
 (1 Mark) electric motors to convert electrical energy into
(iii) at 2F of a convex lens mechanical energy. (½ Mark)
A′ M
• In MRI machines: Electromagnets are used in
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) machines
to create a strong magnetic field that aligns the
O F2 2F2 protons in the body’s tissues.  (½ Mark)
2F1 F1 C2 B′ (b) Diagram to show how an electromagnet made:
C1 Coil
N
A′
 (1 Mark) Iron Piece
OR + –
Given;
Battery 
Focal length (f) = –15 cm
 (1 Mark)
Object distance (u) = –25cm
Object height (h0) = 4 cm (c) The purpose of a soft iron core used in making
(i) From mirror formula, an electromagnet is to increase the magnetic field
1 1 1 produced by the electromagnet. When a current flows
+ = through the wire coil wrapped around the soft iron
v u f
core, it generates a magnetic field. The soft iron core
1 1 1 −5 + 3
= − = has high magnetic permeability, which means it can
v −15 −25 75 amplify the magnetic field produced by the current
−75
v= = −37.5cm  (1 Mark) in the coil. As a result, the electromagnet becomes
2 stronger and more efficient.  (1 Mark)
Hence, the screen must be placed at a distance of 37.5
(d) If the material of an electromagnet is fixed, there are
in front of a mirror. (½ Mark)
two ways to increase its strength;
(ii) We can find out the size of image using magnification
formula (i) Increase the number of turns in the coil.
 −75   (½ Mark)
−
−v hi 2  h i (ii) Increase the current flowing through the coil.
=m = ⇒  =
u h0 −25 4  (½ Mark)

58 SCIENCE
 Outside DELHI
2020 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises three sections - A, B and C. There are 30 questions in the question paper. All questions are
compulsory.
(ii) Section A – all questions/or parts (question no. 1 to 14) thereof in this section are one mark questions comprising MCQ,
VSA type and Assertion–Reason type questions. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(iii) Section B – question no. 15 to 24 are short answer type questions, carrying three marks each. Answer to these questions
should not exceed 50 to 60 words.
(iv) Section C – question no. 25 to 30 are long answer type questions, carrying five marks each. Answer to these questions
should not exceed 80 to 90 words.
(v) Answer should be brief and to the point. Also the above mentioned word limit be adhered to as far as possible.
(vi) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in some questions in each
section. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
(vii) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.

The Tehri Dam has been the object of protests.

Section-A Environment activist Shri Sunder Lal Bahuguna led the
1. How are covalent bonds formed? (1 Mark) “Anti Tehri Dam Movement” from 1980s to 2014. The
2. Define electropositivity.  [OS] (1 Mark) protest was against the displacement of town inhabitants
OR and environmental consequences of the weak ecosystem.
The relocation of more than 1,00,000 people from the area
The atomic radii of first group elements are given below:
has led to protracted legal battles over resettlement rights
Group-I element Atomic Radii (pm) and ultimately resulted in the delayed completion of the
Na 86 project.  [OS]
K 231 (a) How is hydropower harnessed? (1 Mark)
Rb 244 (b) Define 1 MW. (1 Mark)
Cs 282
(c) Mention two disadvantages of constructing Tehri
State the reason behind the observed trend in the above Dam. (1 Mark)
elements. [OS]
(d) What happens when water from great heights is made
3. Answer question numbers 3(a) to 3(d) on the basis of your to fall on blades of turbine?  (1 Mark)
understanding of the following paragraph and the related
studies concepts. 4. Questions numbers 4(a) to 4(d) are based on table given
below. Study the table in which the levels of Thyroid
The Tehri dam is the highest dam in India and one of the
highest in the World. The Tehri dam withholds a reservoir Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in women are given
of capacity 4.0 km3 and surface area 52 km2. It is used for and answer the questions that follow on the basis of
irrigation, municipal water supply and the generation of understanding of the following paragraph and the related
1000 MW of hydro electricity. studied concepts.
 Age Range Normal (mU/L) Low (mU/L) (a) This is an ideal setting of the Khadin system and
A = Catchment area; B = Saline area & C = Shallow
18 – 29 years 0.4 – 2.34 mU/L < 0.4 mU/L
dugwell
30 – 49 years 0.4 – 4.0 mU/L < 0.4 mU/L
(b) This is an ideal setting of the Shallow dugwell
50 – 79 years 0.46 – 4.68 mU/L < 0.46 mU/L system and A = Catchment area; B = Saline area and
Women are at greater risk for developing abnormal TSH
C = Khadin
levels during menstruation, while giving birth and after going
through menopause. Around 5% of women in the United (c) This is an ideal setting of Catchment area and
States have some kind of thyroid problem compared to 3% A = Khadin, B = Saline area and C = Shallow dugwell
of men. Despite claims that high TSH increases your risk (d) This is showing Saline area and A = Catchment area;
for heart disease, a 2013 study found no link between high B = Khadin and C = Shallow dugwell
TSH and heart diseases. But a 2017 study showed that older
women are especially at risk for developing thyroid cancer if OR
they have high TSH levels along with thyroid nodules. The major ill effect of mono culture practice in forests is
(a) A 35 year old woman has TSH level 6.03 mU/L. What on the [OS]
change should she bring in her diet to control this (a) biodiversity which faces large destruction
level? (1 Mark)
(b) local people whose basic needs can no longer be met
(b) When do women face a greater risk of abnormal TSH from such forests
level? (1 Mark)
(c) industries
(c) State the consequence of low TSH level. (1 Mark)
(d) forest department
(d) Name the mineral that is responsible for synthesis of
hormone secreted by thyroid gland. (1 Mark) 9. Several factories were pouring their wastes in rivers A and
5. The sky appears dark to passengers flying at very high B. Water samples were collected from these two rivers.
altitudes mainly because: (1 Mark) It was observed that sample collected from river A was
acidic while that of river B was basic. The factories located
(a) Scattering of light is not enough at such heights.
near A and B are(1 Mark)
(b) There is no atmosphere at great heights.
(a) Soaps and detergents factories near A and alcohol
(c) The size of molecules is smaller than the wavelength
distillery near B.
of visible light.
(d) The light gets scattered towards the earth. (b) Soaps and detergents factories near B and alcohol
distillery near A.
6. A cylindrical conductor of length ‘l’ and uniform area
of cross section ‘A’ has resistance ‘R’. The area of cross (c) Lead storage battery manufacturing factories near A
section of another conductor of same material and same and soaps and detergents factories near B.
resistance but of length ‘2l’ is (1 Mark) (d) Lead storage battery manufacturing factories near B
A 3A and soaps and detergents factories near A.
(a) (b)
2 2 10. In which of the following, the identity of initial substance
(c) 2A (d) 3A remains unchanged?(1 Mark)
7. The maximum resistance which can be made using four (a) Curdling of milk
1
resistors each of resistance Ω is (1 Mark) (b) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation
2
(c) Fermentation of grapes
(a) 2 W (b) 1 W
(c) 2.5 W (d) 8 W (d) Digestion of food

8. A diagram of traditional water harvesting system is given 11. An aqueous solution ‘A’ turns phenolphthalein solution
below: [OS] (1 Mark) pink. On addition of an aqueous solution ‘B’ to ‘A’, the
The statement which defines the system and its parts is pink colour disappears. The following statement is true for
solution ‘A’ and ‘B’.(1 Mark)
(a) A is strongly basic and B is a weak base.
A
C (b) A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid.
(c) A has pH greater than 7 and B has pH less than 7.
B
(d) A has pH less than 7 and B has pH greater than 7.

60 SCIENCE
 12. An element ‘X’ is forming an acidic oxide. Its position in (ii) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) →
modern periodic table will be [OS] (1 Mark) (iii) HCl(aq) + H2O(l) →
(a) Group 1 and Period 3 (b) Group 2 and Period 3 OR
(c) Group 13 and Period 3 (d) Group 16 and Period 3 During electrolysis of brine, a gas ‘G’ is liberated at
OR anode. When this gas ‘G’ is passed through slaked lime,
Consider the following statements about an element ‘X’ a compound ‘C’ is formed, which is used for disinfecting
with number of protons 13. [OS] drinking water.
(A) It forms amphoteric oxide (i) Write formula of ‘G’ and ‘C’.
(ii) State the chemical equation involved.
(B) Its valency is three
(iii) What is common name of compound ‘C’? Give its
(C) The formula of its chloride is XCl3
chemical name.
The correct statements(s) is/are
17. Study the data of the following three categories A, B and C.
(a) only (A) (b) only (B)  [OS] (3 Marks)
(c) (A) and (C) (d) (A), (B) and (C)
Category Name of the element Atomic Mass
Note: For question numbers 13 and 14, two statements
are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Li 7
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below: A Na 23
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation K 39
of the assertion.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct N 14
explanation of the assertion.
B P 31
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true. As 74
13. Assertion (A): Following are the members of a
homologous series: (1 Mark) B 10.8
CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH C Al 27
Reason (R): A series of compounds with same functional
Ga 69.7
group but differing by – CH2 – unit is called a homologous
series. (i) From the given three categories A, B and C, pick the
14. Assertion (A): Alloys are commonly used in electrical one which forms Dobereiner’s Triads.
heating devices like electric iron and heater.  (1 Mark) (ii) Why did Mendeleev placed elements of category A, B
Reason (R): Resistivity of an alloy is generally higher and C in three different groups ?
than that of its constituent metals but the alloys have low (iii) Is Newland law of octaves applicable to all the three
melting points then their constituent metals. categories? Give reason to justify your answer.
18. (a) From the following group of organisms create a food
Section-B
chain which is the most advantageous for Human
15. Mention with reason the colour changes observed when: beings in terms of energy.
 (3 Marks)
(i) silver chloride is exposed to sunlight. Hawk, Rat, Cereal Plant,
(ii) copper powder is strongly heated in the presence of Goat, Snake, Human Being
oxygen.
(iii) a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution.
(b) State the possible disadvantage if the cereal plant is
16. Complete and balance the following chemical equations: growing in soil rich in pesticides.
 (3 Marks) (c) Construct a food web using the organisms mentioned
(i) NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) → above. (3 Marks)

CBSE 2020 (Outside DELHI) 61

 OR (ii) The current carrying solenoid when suspended freely
(a) Write two harmful effects of using plastic bags on rests along a particular direction.
the environment. Suggest alternatives to the usage of (iii) The burnt out fuse should be replaced by another fuse
plastic bags. of identical rating.
(b) List any two practices that can be followed to dispose 24. (a) With the help of labelled ray diagram show the path
of the waste produced in our homes. followed by a narrow beam of monochromatic light
19. (a) State the role played by the following in the process of when it passes through a glass prism. (3 Marks)
digestion. (b) What would happen if this beam is replaced by a
(i) Enzyme trypsin (ii) Enzyme lipase narrow beam of white light?
(b) List two functions of finger-like projections present in OR
the small intestine. (3 Marks) (a) A person is suffering from both myopia and
20. (a) Classify the following as homologous or analogous hypermetropia.
pairs: (i) What kind of lenses can correct this defect?
(i) Broccoli and Cabbage (ii) How are these lenses prepared?
(ii) Ginger and Radish (b) A person needs a lens of power + 3D for correcting his
(iii) Fore limbs of birds and lizard near vision and –3D for correcting his distant vision.
(iv) Wings of a bat and Wings of a bird Calculate the focal lengths of the lenses required to
correct these defects.
(b) State the main feature that categorises a given pair of
organs as homologous or analogous. [OS] (3 Marks)
Section-C
21. A green stemmed rose plant denoted by GG and a brown
stemmed rose plant denoted by gg are allowed to undergo 25. Write balanced chemical equations to explain what
a cross with each other. happens, when (5 Marks)
(a) List your observations regarding (i) Mercuric oxide is heated.
(ii) Mixture of cuprous oxide and cuprous sulphide is heated.
(i) Colour of stem in their F1 progeny
(iii) Aluminium is reacted with manganese dioxide.
(ii) Percentage of brown stemmed plants in F2
(iv) Ferric oxide is reduced with aluminium.
progeny if F1 plants are self pollinated.
(v) Zinc carbonate undergoes calcination.
(iii) Ratio of GG and Gg in the F2 progeny.
OR
(b) Based on the findings of this cross, what conclusion
can be drawn? (3 Marks) (i) By the transfer of electrons, illustrate the formation
of bond in magnesium chloride and identify the ions
22. The diagram given below shows an object O and its image I. present in this compound.
I
(ii) Ionic compounds are solids. Give reasons.
O (iii) With the help of a labelled diagram show the
experimental set up of action of steam on a metal.
2F F 26. (a) Compare soaps and detergents on the basis of their
composition and cleansing action in hard water.
Without actually drawing the ray diagram, state the (b) What happens when ethanol is treated with sodium
following: (3 Marks) metal? State the behaviour of ethanol in this reaction.
(i) Type of lens (Converging / Diverging) (c) Draw the structure of cyclohexane.
(ii) Name two optical instruments where such an image is (d) Name the following compound.
obtained. H
— —

(iii) List three characteristics of the image formed if this H—C—C—H

lens is replaced by a concave mirror of focal length ‘f’
—
—

and an object is placed at a distance ‘f/2’ in front of the O H  (5 Marks)

mirror. 27. (a) Write the correct sequence of steps followed during
23. Give reasons for the following:  (3 Marks) journey of oxygen rich blood from lungs to various
(i) There is either a convergence or a divergence of organs of human body. (5 Marks)
magnetic field lines near the ends of a current carrying (b) What happens when the system of blood vessels
straight solenoid. develop a leak?

62 SCIENCE
28. (a) 
Draw a diagram showing germination of pollen (b) State Joule’s law of heating.
on stigma of a flower and mark on it the following (c) Why we need a 5 A fuse for an electric iron which
organs/parts:
consumes 1 kW power at 220 V?
(i) Pollen Grain (ii) Pollen tube
(iii) Stigma (iv) Female germ cell (d) Why is it impracticable to connect an electric bulb and
(b) State the significance of pollen tube. an electric heater in series?
(c) Name the parts of flower that develop after fertilization
into 30. (a) A security mirror used in a big showroom has radius of
(i) Seed (ii) Fruit (5 Marks) curvature 5 m. If a customer is standing at a distance
of 20 m from the cash counter, find the position, nature
OR
and size of the image formed in the security mirror.
(a) “Use of a condom is beneficial for both the sexes
involved in a sexual act.” Justify this statement giving (b) Neha visited a dentist in his clinic. She observed that
two reasons. the dentist was holding an instrument fitted with a
(b) How do oral contraceptive help in avoiding pregnancies? mirror. State the nature of this mirror and reason for
(c) What is sex selective abortion? How does it affect a its use in the instrument used by dentist. (5 Marks)
healthy society? (State any one consequence)
OR
29. (a) For the combination of resistors shown in the following
figure, find the equivalent resistance between M & N. Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used
(5 Marks) a special lens for this purpose.
R1
M (i) State the nature of the lens and reason for its use.
(ii) Where should the palmist place/hold the lens so as to
R2 R3 have a real and magnified image of an object?
(iii) If the focal length of this lens is 10 cm and the lens
N
is held at a distance of 5 cm from the palm, use lens
R4 formula to find the position and size of the image.

EXPLANATIONS
1. Covalent bonds are created when two atoms share electrons 5. (a) The amount of light scattering is much lower because
in order for both to have a completely filled outermost of much less atmospheric substance at high altitudes.
shell. (1 Mark) That’s why sky appears dark to passengers. (1 Mark)

2. Out of the Syllabus l

6. (c) Resistance of a conductor is, R = ρ
A
3. Out of the Syllabus According to given condition,
4. (a) Women can monitor her diet by intake of iodine-rich l1 l
foods such as seaweed, seafood, and iodized salt. ∴R =ρ =ρ 2
A1 A2
 (1 Mark) l1 l2
⇒ =
(b) Women may face a greater risk of abnormal TSH A1 A2
levels during certain phases of life, such as pregnancy
By substituting the values,
and menopause. (1 Mark)
l 2l
(c) 
Low TSH levels can have several consequences, = ⇒ A2 = 2A (1 Mark)
A A2
including: Low TSH levels can indicate overactive
7. (a) Maximum resistance will be in series combination,
thyroid gland function, also known as hyperthyroidism
So, Rmax = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
and fertility problems (1 Mark)
1
(d) Iodine (1 Mark) =4× W = 2W (1 Mark)
2

CBSE 2020 (Outside DELHI) 63

 8. (a) Out of the Syllabus (ii) The chemical equation involved is
OR Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O (1 Mark)
(a) Out of the Syllabus
(iii) Bleaching Powder is the common name for chemical C.
9. (c) Acidic wastes are produced by lead factories and Calcium Oxychloride is its chemical name. (1 Mark)
alcohol distilleries.
17. Out of the Syllabus
However, the wastes produced by the soap and
detergent industry are basic. 18. (a) Cereal Plant → Human beings. (1 Mark)
As a result, the factories near A might be either alcohol (b) Growing cereal plants in soil rich in pesticides can
distilleries or lead storage battery companies, whereas have several negative consequences, including
those near B must be soap and detergent factories. reduced crop yields and toxicity in food. Pesticides
 (1 Mark) being non-biodegradable accumulate progressively at
10. (b) The composition of the starting substance does not each trophic level leads to Biomagnification.
change during the crystallisation process since it just  (1 Mark)
crystallised. (1 Mark) (c) Hawk Human beings 
11. (c) When a basic substance is introduced to phenolphthalein
solution, it turns pink. When acid is added to it, the Snake
pink colour fades. As a result, A is a base and B is an
acid. Hence, A has a pH more than 7, while B has a pH
less than 7. (1 Mark) Goat
12. (d) Out of the Syllabus Rat

OR
(d) Out of the Syllabus Cereal plant
 (1 Mark)
13. (a) Since the given compounds differ by –CH2 unit,
therefore, they belong to the homologous series. OR
(1 Mark) (a) 
Two harmful effects of using plastic bags on the
14. (a) The resistivity of an alloy is generally higher than that environment are:
of its constituent metals, which means that they offer Pollution:
more resistance to the flow of electricity, leading to
• lastic bags are non-biodegradable, taking
P
the generation of heat.
centuries to decompose.
However, alloys have lower melting points than their
constituent metals. (1 Mark) • I mproper disposal harms environment, wildlife,
clogs drainage.
15. (i) Photodecomposition of silver chloride occurs which
results in the formation of silver and colour change to Resource depletion:
grey. (1 Mark) •  lastic bag production uses non-renewable
P
(ii) Copper undergo oxidation, yielding black copper resources like oil and gas.
oxide. (1 Mark) •  rocess emits greenhouse gases, contributing to
P
(iii) Zinc displaces copper, causing the solution to change climate change.
colour from blue to colourless due to the production of Alternatives to plastic bags:
zinc sulphate. (1 Mark)
•  eusable bags: Made of cloth, jute and sustainable
R
16. The complete balanced equations are: materials for multiple use.
(i) 2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2 (1 Mark) •  aper bags: Are biodegradable and can be
P
(ii) CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2 (1 Mark) recyclable.
(iii) HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl– (1 Mark) (b) Waste disposal practices:
OR 
Segregate waste: Sort into biodegradable,
(i) The ‘G’ and ‘C’ formulas are: non-biodegradable, hazardous.
G = Cl2 (½ Mark) Composting: Recycle organic matter into valuable
C = CaOCl2 (½ Mark) fertilizer, reduce landfill waste. (2 + 1 Marks)

64 SCIENCE
19. (a) Here are the roles played by the following enzymes in 22. (i) Converging lens (1 Mark)
the process of digestion: (ii) Magnifying glass and microscope are two optical
(i) Enzyme trypsin: instruments where such lenses are used. (1 Mark)
Produced in the pancreas and released into the (iii) Three characteristics of the image formed if this lens
small intestine. is replaced by a concave mirror of focal length ‘f’ and
Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. an object is placed at a distance ‘f/2’ in front of the
 (1 Mark) mirror.
(ii) Enzyme lipase: (a) Virtual (b) Erect (c) Magnified (1 Mark)
Produced in the pancreas and released into the
small intestine. 23. (i) 
There is either a convergence or a divergence of
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. magnetic field lines near the ends of a current carrying
 (1 Mark) straight solenoid because magnetic field is stronger
(b) The two functions of finger-like projections present in near the poles or ends of the solenoid. (1 Mark)
the small intestine: (ii) The current carrying solenoid when suspended freely
(i) Increase the surface area of the small intestine for rests along a particular direction behaves like a bar
better absorption of nutrients. (½ Mark) magnet because it align itself in north south direction.
(ii) Contain blood vessels and lacteals, which absorb  (1 Mark)
nutrients from the digested food and transport (iii) A fuse with a different rating can cause overloading or
them to the bloodstream.  (½ Mark) underloading of the circuit, damaging the appliances.
20. Out of the Syllabus  (½ Mark)
gg Using a fuse with a different rating than the original
21. Genotype - GG
one can also lead to electrical hazards.  (½ Mark)

Gametes - G g 24. (a) Path of monochromatic light passing through a prism

A
L
F1 Gg (Green Stemmed plant) Angle
G deviation M
N δ
F1 Selfing - Gg × Gg
yi e Em
t ra P r 1 r2 erg
G g G g ide
n N' M' en
t ra
Inc y
O B C R  (1½ Marks)
F2 GG Gg Gg gg
(b) when a narrow beam of white light passes through a
The observations and conclusions based on the given prism,it scatters into seven colours.
cross:
(a) Observations:
(i) Colour of stem in their F1 progeny: Green (as it is Red
Orange
dominant trait). (½ Mark) Yellow
Green
(ii) Percentage of brown stemmed plants in F2 progeny Blue
Indigo
if F1 plants are self-pollinated: The expected ratio White
Violet

of genotypes in the F2 progeny will be 1 GG: 2 Glass prism

light
Gg: 1 gg. This ratio gives 25% brown-stemmed Dispersion
plants (gg genotype) in the F2 progeny. (1 Mark)  (1½ Marks)
(iii) Ratio of GG and Gg in the F2 progeny is 1:2. OR
 (½ Mark)
(a) 
A person suffering from both myopia and
(b) Conclusion: hypermetropia can correct their vision by using
Based on the given cross, we can conclude that the bifocal lenses. (½ Mark)
stem colour trait is controlled by a single gene with two
• Bifocal lenses have two different parts, one for
alleles, where the green stem (G) is dominant over the
nearsightedness (CONCAVE LENS) and the
brown stem (g). The F1 progeny will be heterozygous
other for farsightedness (CONVEX LENS).
for the stem colour trait, and the F2 progeny will show
a 3:1 phenotypic ratio for stem colour. (1 Mark)  (½ Mark)

CBSE 2020 (Outside DELHI) 65

 • 
To prepare these lenses, the optician first (iii)
determines the power of the lens needed for each
Metal sample
condition and then combines them into a single Hydrogen
lens with a visible line separating the two parts. Cork
 (½ Mark) Water
(b) Relation between focal length and power is Burner Stand Delivery
tube
Focal length = 1/ power (½ Mark)
Hence f1 = 1/3 = 0.33 (½ Mark)
And f2 = 1/ –3 = –0.33 (½ Mark) Action of steam on a metal (2 Marks)
25. (i) When mercuric oxide (HgO), a red solid, is heated 26. (a)
to extremely high temperatures, it decomposes into
mercury (Hg), a grey residue, and oxygen gas (O2). Property Soaps Detergents
Heat
2HgO → 2Hg + O2 (1 Mark) Composition Soaps are sodium Detergents
(ii) Copper metal is formed as a byproduct when a mixture or potassium salts are generally
of cuprous oxide and cuprous sulphide is heated, along of long chain fatty sodium salts of
with the generation of SO2 gas. acid/carboxylic sulphonic acids
Heat acids. or ammonium
2Cu2O + 2Cu2S → 6Cu + SO2 (1 Mark)
salts with
(iii) Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and manganese (Mn) are chlorides or
formed as a byproduct when aluminium reacts with bromides ions.
manganese dioxide.
Cleansing Soaps are unable They work well
3MnO2 + 4Al → 2Al2O3 + 3Mn + heat (1 Mark)
action in hard to work in hard in both hard and
(iv) 
When ferric oxide is reduced with aluminium, a water water because the soft water.
residue of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and iron (Fe) is Ca2+ and Mg2+
formed. ions present in
Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe + heat (1 Mark) hard water react
(v) When zinc carbonate is calcined (heated in the absence with soap to form
of air), zinc oxide, ZnO is formed as a residue along a white sticky
with the evolution of CO2 gas. substance called
Heat scum.
ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2 (1 Mark)
OR  (2 Marks)
(i) The formation of bonds in magnesium chloride is (b) Ethanol reacts with sodium metal to produce sodium
given below: ethoxide and hydrogen gas. This salt is colourless and
soluble in water. The reaction takes place as:
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e–
2Na + 2CH3CH2OH → 2CH3CH2ONa + H2
2, 8, 2 2, 8 Ethanol Sodium ethoxide
     (Magnesium cation) (½ Mark) In this reaction, ethanol behaves like an acid.(1 Mark)
Cl + e– → Cl– (½ Mark) (c) H H  (1 Mark)
2, 8, 7   2, 8, 8 H H
     (Chloride anion) C
×× H C C H
× Cl ×
× ×
×× ×× – H
H C C
Mg : + (Mg2+) • Cl ×
× × C
××
××
× Cl ×
2 H H
× ×
×× H H
 (1 Mark) (d) The name of the given compound is Ethanal.(1 Mark)
(ii) Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged 27. (a) The correct sequence of steps followed during the
ions bound together by a strong electrostatic attraction. journey of oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to
As a result, they are hard solids. (1 Mark) various organs of the human body:

66 SCIENCE
 1. Oxygen-rich blood leaves the lungs and enters the chlamydia, and gonorrhea. Both partners benefit from
left atrium of the heart. (½ Mark) this protection. (1 Mark)
2. The left atrium contracts, pushing the blood into  Preventing unwanted pregnancies: Condoms are
the left ventricle. (½ Mark) an effective method of contraception and can help
3. The left ventricle contracts, pumping the blood prevent unwanted pregnancies. This benefit is
into the aorta. (½ Mark) especially important for women, as they bear the
4. The aorta carries the oxygen-rich blood to various primary responsibility for contraception. (1 Mark)
body organs through its branches and capillaries. (b) Oral contraceptives help in avoiding pregnancies by
 (½ Mark) releasing synthetic hormones that prevent ovulation
5. The organs utilize the oxygen and the carbon (the release of an egg) from the ovaries. They also
dioxide rich blood returns through veins to the thicken the cervical mucus, making it difficult for
right atrium of the heart. (½ Mark) sperm to enter the uterus and fertilize an egg.
(b) When the system of blood vessels develops a leak,  (1½ Marks)
it can result in various consequences that depend on (c) Sex-selective abortion refers to the practice of aborting
the severity and location of the leak. Some of the a fetus based on its sex. It is usually done in societies
possible effects are hemorrhage, swelling, reduced that value male children over female children.
blood flow, organ damage, infection, and blood clots. Sex-selective abortion can have several negative
Prompt medical attention is crucial in such situations consequences for a healthy society, including:
to prevent further complications.  (2½ Marks) Gender imbalance: A large number of male births and
28. (a) (i) Pollen grain  (2 Marks) a smaller number of female births can lead to a gender
(iii) Stigma imbalance in the population. (1½ Marks)
29. (a) Since R3 and R4 are parallel, their resultant,
1 1 1
= +
(ii) Pollen tube R′ R3 R 4
R R
⇒ R′ = 3 4  (½ Mark)
R3 + R 4
and
Since R1, R2 and R′ are connected in series, their
resultant,
(iv) Female germ cell
R = R1 + R2 + R′
R 3R 4
⇒ R = R1 + R2 +  (½ Mark)
R3 + R 4
(b) The significance of the pollen tube is that it plays a Hence, equivalent resistance between M and N is
crucial role in the process of sexual reproduction in R 3R 4
plants. Pollen tube carries the male germ cell to reach R1 + R 2 +  (½ Mark)
R3 + R 4
the ovary and fuse with the female germ cell.
(b) Joule’s law of heating states that the amount of heat
 (1 Mark)
produced due to the flow of electric current through
(c) (i) Seed: The ovules of the flower develop into seeds a conductor is directly proportional to the square of
after fertilization. (1 Mark) the electric current, the resistance of the conductor,
(ii) Fruit: The ovary of the flower develops into the and the time for which the current flows through the
fruit after fertilization. (1 Mark) conductor. (1 Mark)
OR (c) As we know that
(a) Use of a condom is beneficial for both the sexes P = VI
involved in a sexual act. Here are two reasons to 1000 = 220 × I
justify this statement: I = 1000/220 = 4.54 A
 Protection against sexually transmitted infections  Therefore we need a fuse greater than of current
(STIs): Condoms provide a physical barrier that can capacity greater than maximum current drawn.
help prevent the transmission of STIs such as HIV,  (1 Mark)

CBSE 2020 (Outside DELHI) 67

 (d) It is impracticable to connect an electric bulb and an As we know that for convex mirror, all images are
electric heater in series because they have different virtual.
power ratings, and connecting them in series will Therefore, the image will be smaller than the actual
cause the following issues: (½ Mark) size of the customer. The nature of the image is virtual,
• The bulb and heater will have different resistance upright, and diminished. (1 Mark)
values, causing uneven voltage distribution. (b) The mirror fitted in the instrument held by the dentist
 (½ Mark) is a “concave mirror” which is a type of curved mirror.
• The bulb will consume less power and may not It is used to get a magnified and clear view of the teeth
glow at all, while the heater will consume more in the patient’s mouth. (1 Mark)
power and may overheat or burn out. (½ Mark) The image formed by the concave mirror appears
30. (a) It is a convex mirror. So focal length should be positive larger and more detailed than the actual size of the
Radius of curvature, R = +5 m teeth. The concave mirror is specifically used for
∴ focal length f = 5/2 = +2.5 m examining the teeth in the back of the mouth which
are difficult to see with direct vision. (1 Mark)
The customer is standing in front of a mirror, so object
distance is negative. OR
Object distance = –20m (i) The lens used by the palmist is a convex lens.
(1 Mark)
According to the mirror formula,
(ii) The palmist should hold the convex lens close to the
1 1 1 1 1 1
As we know, = + ⇒ = + lines on the palm, so that the lens forms a real and
f v u 2.5 v −20 magnified image of the lines on a piece of paper or a
C screen placed on the other side of the lens. It should be
 (Since, f = )
2 between F and 2F of the lens or at F of the lens
1 1 1 10 1 2 1  (1 Mark)
= + = + = +
v 2.5 20 25 20 5 20 (iii) The lens formula is given by 1/f = 1/u + 1/v. (1 Mark)
1 8 +1 9 20 Here, f = 10 cm and u = 5 cm. Substituting these
= = ⇒= v = 2.22 values in the lens formula, we get:
v 20 20 9
Image formation on a convex mirror by ray diagram 1 1 1 1 1 1 −1
= + ⇒ = − =
10 5 v v 10 5 10
Taking the reciprocal of both sides, we get:
O' v = –10 cm  (1 Mark)
I′ Since the image distance is negative, it means that
P C
O I F the image formed by the convex lens is virtual and
upright. To find the size of the image, we can use the
magnification formula, which is given by m = –v/u.
 Substituting the values of v and u, we get:
 (2 Marks)
m = – (–10)/5 = 2
Linear magnification for a mirror = image distance/
object distance = 2.22/20 = 0.11 This means that the image formed by the lens is two
Hence, linear magnification less than 1 times larger than the object. (1 Mark)

68 SCIENCE
 DELHI
2019 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises FIVE sections– Section A, B, C, D and E. You are to attempt all the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) Internal choice is given in sections B, C, D and E.
(iv) Question numbers 1 to 2 in Section A are one mark questions. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(v) Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section B are two marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vi) Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section C are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section D are five marks questions. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section E are based on practical skills. Each question is a two marks question. These are to
be answered in brief.

Section-A Section-C
1. What is the function of a galvanometer in a circuit? 6. 2 g of silver chloride is taken in a china dish and the china
dish is placed in sunlight for sometime. What will be
 (1 Mark)
your observation in this case? Write the chemical reaction
2. Why is biogas considered an excellent fuel? involved in the form of a balanced chemical equation.
 [OS] (1 Mark) Identify the type of chemical reaction. (3 Marks)
OR
Section-B Identify the type of reactions taking place in each of the
following cases and write the balanced chemical equation
3. How it can be proved that the basic structure of the Modern
for the reactions.
Periodic Table is based on the electronic configuration of
(a) Zinc reacts with silver nitrate to produce zinc nitrate
atoms of different elements? [OS] (2 Marks)
and silver.
OR (b) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to produce
The electronic configuration of an element is 2, 8, 4. State its: potassium nitrate and lead iodide.
 [OS] 7. Identify the acid and the base from which sodium chloride
(a) Group and period in the Modern Periodic Table. is obtained. Which type of salt is it? When is it called rock
salt? How is rock salt formed? (3 Marks)
(b) Name and write its one physical property.
8. Based on the group valency of elements, write the
4. Write two different ways in which glucose is oxidized to
molecular formula of the following compounds giving
provide energy in human body. Write the products formed
justification for each: [OS] (3 Marks)
in each case. (½+1½ Marks)
(i) Oxide of first group elements.
5. Define the term power of accommodation. Write the (ii) Halide of the elements of group thirteen, and
modification in the curvature of the eye lens which enables (iii) Compound formed when an element, A of group
us to see the nearby objects clearly? (2 Marks) 2 combines with an element, B of group seventeen.
 9. Write three types of blood vessels. Give one important (i) Poor conductors of electricity?
feature of each. (3 Marks) (ii) Have low melting and boiling points? What happens
10. Trace the sequence of events which occur when a bright when this compound burns in oxygen?
light is focused on your eyes. (3 Marks) 18. Define pollination. Explain the different types of
11. What are plant hormones? Name the plant hormones pollination. List two agents of pollination? How does
responsible for the following: (3 Marks) suitable pollination lead to fertilization? (5 Marks)
(i) Growth of stem OR
(ii) Promotion of cell division
(a) Identify the given diagram. Name the part 1 to 5.
(iii) Inhibition of growth
1
(iv) Elongation of cells
2
12. Name the plant Mendel used for his experiment. What type
3
of progeny was obtained by Mendel in F1 and F2 generations
when he crossed the tall and short plants? Write the ratio 4
he obtained in F2 generation plants. (3 Marks)
OR 5
List two differences between acquired traits and inherited
traits by giving an example of each. [OS] (b) What is contraception? List three advantages of
adopting contraceptive measures.
13. What is a rainbow? Draw a labelled diagram to show the
formation of a rainbow. (3 Marks) 19. An object is placed at a distance of 60 cm from a concave
14. How can we help in reducing the problem of waste lens of focal length 30 cm. (5 Marks)
disposal? Suggest any three methods. [OS] (3 Marks) (i) Use lens formula to find the distance of the image
OR from the lens.
Define an ecosystem. Draw a block diagram to show the (ii) List four characteristics of the image (nature, position,
flow of energy in an ecosystem. size, erect/inverted) formed by the lens in this case.
15. What is water harvesting? List two main advantages (iii) Draw ray diagram to justify your answer of part (ii).
associated with water harvesting at the community level.
20. (a) With the help of a suitable circuit diagram prove that
Write two causes for the failure of sustained availability of
groundwater. [OS] (3 Marks) the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance of a group
of resistances joined in parallel is equal to the sum of
the reciprocals of the individual resistances.
Section-D
(b) In an electric circuit two resistors of 12 W each are
16. (a) List in tabular form three chemical properties on the joined in parallel to a 6 V battery. Find the current
basis of which we can differentiate between a metal drawn from the battery. (5 Marks)
and a non-metal. (5 Marks)
OR
(b) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Most metals conduct electricity well. An electric lamp of resistance 20 W and a conductor of
resistance 4 W are connected to a 6 V battery as shown in
(ii) The reaction of iron (III) oxide [Fe2O3] with heated
the circuit. Calculate:
aluminium is used to join cracked machine parts.
17. Write the chemical formula and name of the compound
which is the active ingredient of all alcoholic drinks. List 4W
its two uses. Write chemical equation and name of the
product formed when this compound reacts with –
 (5 Marks) + – K

6V – +
(i) Sodium metal
(ii) Hot concentrated sulphuric acid (a) The total resistance of the circuit,
OR (b) The current through the circuit,
What is methane? Draw its electron dot structure. Name (c) The potential difference across the (i) electric lamp
the type of bonds formed in this compounds. Why are such and (ii) conductor,
compounds: (d) Power of the lamp.

70
70 SCIENCE
21. What is a solenoid? Draw the pattern of magnetic field OR
lines of (i) a current carrying solenoid and (ii) a bar Draw a labelled diagram in proper sequence to show
magnet. List two distinguishing features between the two
budding in Hydra.
fields. (5 Marks)
25. In the experimental set up to show that “CO2 is given out
Section-E during respiration”, name the substance taken in the small
test tube kept in the conical flask. State its function and the
22. Blue litmus solution is added to two test tubes A and B consequence of its use. (2 Marks)
containing dilute HCl and NaOH solution respectively. In
which test tube a colour change will be observed? State the 26. While studying the dependence of potential difference (V)
colour change and give its reason. (2 Marks) across a resistor on the current (I) passing through it, in
order to determine the resistance of the resistor a student
OR
took 5 reading for different values of current and plotted a
What is observed when 2 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid graph between V and I. He got a straight line graph passing
is added to 1 g of sodium carbonate taken in a clean and through the origin. What does the straight line signify?
dry test tube? Write chemical equation for the reaction Write the method of determining resistance of the resistor
involved. using this graph. (2 Marks)
23. In three test tubes A, B and C, three different liquids OR
namely distilled water, underground water and distilled
water in which a pinch of calcium sulphate is dissolved, What would you suggest to a student if while performing an
respectively are taken. Equal amount of soap solution is experiment he finds that the pointer/needle of the ammeter
added to each test tube and the contents are shaken. In and voltmeter do not coincide with the zero marks on the
which test tube will the length of the foam (lather) be scales when circuit is open? No extra ammeter/voltmeter
longest? Justify your answer. (2 Marks) is available in the laboratory. (2 Marks)
24. A student is observing the temporary mount of a leaf 27. List four precautions which a student should observe
peel under a microscope. Draw labelled diagram of the while determining the focal length of a given convex lens
structure of stomata as seen under the microscope. by obtaining image of a distant object on a screen.
 (2 Marks)  (2 Marks)

EXPLANATIONS
1. A galvanometer is an instrument that measures the flow of 5. Power of accommodation refers to the ability of the eye
electric current in a circuit. It is a sensitive device that is to adjust its focus to see objects at different distances.
capable of detecting even small amounts of current. Accommodation is the modification in the curvature of the
 (1 Mark) eye lens that enables us to see nearby objects clearly.
2. Out of the Syllabus  (1 Mark)
When we look at a nearby object, the ciliary muscles
3. Out of the Syllabus surrounding the lens contract, causing the lens to
4. Glucose can be oxidized to provide energy in two ways in the become thicker and more curved. This increased
human body: aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. curvature allows the lens to refract light more strongly
 (½ Mark) and focus the image on the retina. The ability to
Aerobic respiration involves the oxidation of glucose in accommodate decreases with age, resulting in presbyopia.
the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water,  (1 Mark)
and ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence 6. When 2g AgCl is exposed to sunshine, it degrades into Ag
of oxygen and produces lactic acid and ATP. and Cl2. Silver chloride’s colour fades to grey. (1 Mark)
Presence of oxygen
Glucose →
(in mitochondria)
CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP) The following change can be represented by the chemical
sunlight
Lack of reactions: 2AgCl(s) → 2Ag(s) + Cl2 (g) (1 Mark)
oxygen The above reaction is an example photodecomposition
Glucose → Lactic acid + energy (ATP)
(in muscle cells) reaction, since decomposition of AgCl is taking place in
 (1½ Marks) the presence of sunlight. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2019 (DELHI) 71

 OR (iv) The optic nerve sends a message to the brain. When
(a) It is a kind of displacement reaction and it occurs as: the pupils constrict in response to a bright light, the
Zn(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag(s) optic nerve sends a message to the brain to inform it
about the amount of light entering the eye. (1 Mark)
Zinc Silver nitrate Zinc nitrate Silver
 (1½ Marks) (v) The brain processes the information.
(b) It is a kind of double displacement reaction and it The brain receives the message from the optic nerve
and processes it to generate a visual perception of the
occurs as:
bright light. The brain also triggers the reflex action of
heat PbI (ppt) + 2KNO (s)
2KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (s) → 2 3 pupil constriction to protect the retina from damage.
 (1½ Marks)  (½ Mark)
7. Sodium Chloride is obtained by the combination of 11. Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, are
hydrochloric acid (an acid) and sodium hydroxide (a base) chemical messengers that regulate various physiological
solution. (1 Mark) processes in plants, such as growth, development, and
response to environmental stimuli.(1 Mark)
It is a neutral salt. (½ Mark)
The plant hormones responsible for the following are:
Deposits of solid salt are also found in several parts of
the world. These large crystals are often brown due to (i) Growth of stem: Gibberellins. (½ Mark)
impurities. This is called rock salt. (1 Mark) (ii) Promotion of cell division: Cytokinin. (½ Mark)
(iii) Inhibition of growth: Abscisic acid (ABA).(½ Mark)
Beds of rock salt were formed when seas of bygone ages
dried up. (½ Mark) (iv) Elongation of cells: Auxin. (½ Mark)
12. The plant used by Mendel for his experiment is garden pea
8. Out of the Syllabus (Pisum sativum). (1 Mark)
9. Blood vessels are the tubes that carry blood throughout When he crossed tall and short plants then he obtained all
the body. There are three types of blood vessels that are as tall progenies in F1 generation. To obtain F2 generation he
follows: performed selfing of F1 generation which produced both
Arteries: It carries blood away from the heart and has tall and short progenies in a ratio 3 : 1. (1 Mark)
thick, elastic walls that help to withstand the high pressure Parents TT × tt
of blood flow. Example - Aorta (1 Mark)
Gametes T t
Veins: It carries blood back to the heart and has thinner
walls than arteries and have one-way valves to prevent the
backward flow of blood. Example - Superior vena cava F1 generation
(1 Mark) Tt All tall plants (100%)
Capillaries: These are the smallest blood vessels that On selfing
connects arteries to veins and allow for the exchange of
oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood
and the tissues. Example - Pulmonary capillaries (1 Mark) F2 generation
T t
10. When a bright light is focused on your eyes, the following
sequence of events occur:
T TT Tt
(i) The cornea and lens of the eye refract the light. When
a bright light is focused on the eyes, the cornea and t Tt tt
lens bend the light to focus it on the retina. (½ Mark)
(ii) The retina detects the light Phenotypic ratio – 3 : 1
The retina is a layer of cells at the back of the eye that   (Tall) (Short)
contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones.
Genotypic ratio – 1 : 2 : 1
 (1/2 Mark)
  TT Tt tt
(iii) The pupils constrict
The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the Tall Short
size of the pupil. When a bright light is focused on the (75%) (25%)  (1 Mark)
eyes, the iris contracts the pupil to reduce the amount OR
of light entering the eye. (½ Mark) Out of the Syllabus

72
72 SCIENCE
13. When sunlight enters a water droplet, it is refracted and (ii) In the thermite process, iron (III) oxide is heated
dispersed into its component colours due to the difference in with aluminium, which results in the evolution
the speed of light in air and water. The colours of the rainbow, of high amount of heat which melts iron. This
in order from the outer edge to the inner edge, are red, orange, molten iron is used to fill cracked machine parts.
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. (1 Mark) Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al2O3(s) + Heat
A labelled diagram of the formation of a rainbow is shown  (1 Mark)
below: 17. Ethanol is a substance found in alcoholic beverages.
White light
Refraction
Dispersion (½ Mark)
A from the sun
Sun B
C Total internal Its chemical formula is C2H5OH. (½ Mark)
Rain relection
drop of spectrum Its two uses are:
•  Ethanol is found in nail polish removers, polishes, and
Red D
Refraction a variety of cosmetic products. (½ Mark)
Violet
•  It is utilised in the production of several medications
Rainbow  and hand sanitizers. (½ Mark)
 (2 Marks) The chemical equation can be written as:
14. Out of the Syllabus (a) When sodium reacts with ethanol, it produces sodium
OR ethanoate (C2H5ONa) and liberates hydrogen (H2) gas.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, such Na(s) + C2H5OH(l) → C2H5ONa(aq) + H2(g)
as plants and animals, interacting with their non-living  (1½ Marks)
environment, such as air, water, and soil. (1 Mark) (b) When ethanol reacts with conc. sulphuric acid, it
The energy flow in an ecosystem can be represented produces ethene (C2H4) and water(H2O).
through a block diagram, as shown below: C2H5OH(l) + H2SO4(l) → C2H4(l) + H2O(l)
Sunlight→Producers→Primary → Secondary →Tertiary → Decomposers  (1½ Marks)
Consumers Consumers Consumers
OR
Example Plants Rabbit Snake Eagle Detritivores
(Bacteria, Methane, the major component of natural gas, is a
fungi)  colourless, odourless, and extremely combustible gas.
 (2 Marks)  (½ Mark)
The electron dot structure of methane is-
15. Out of the Syllabus
H
16. (a)
Property Metals Non Metals ×
1. Nature Metals are Non-metals are
of ions electropositive electronegative H × C × H
elements and elements, and hence
hence, lose one or gain one or more ×
more electrons to electrons to form
form positive ions, negative ions. H
2. Nature Metals form basic Non-metals form (Methane)  (1 Mark)
of oxides oxides either acidic or
neutral oxides. Covalent bonds exist between four hydrogen atoms and a
single carbon atom in the molecule’s core. (½ Mark)
3. Reaction Most of the Non-metals (except (i) Methane is a poor conductor of electricity because
with water metals displace fluorine) generally all bonds in methane are covalent bonds, and thus no
hydrogen from do not react with free electrons are present in the molecule to assist the
water or steam water or steam conduction of electricity. (1 Mark)
 (3 Marks) (ii) Covalent compounds have low intermolecular forces
(b) (i) Metals are good conductors of electricity because of attraction, resulting in low melting and boiling
they contain free electrons which can move easily points. Because methane is also a covalent molecule,
through the metal and conduct electric current. it has an extremely low melting and boiling point.
 (1 Mark)  (1 Mark)

CBSE 2019 (DELHI) 73

 When methane is burned in the presence of oxygen, it 3. Improved maternal and child health: Adequate
produces CO2 and water as a byproduct. spacing between pregnancies reduces the risk
The reaction takes place as: of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O (1 Mark) Contraceptive measures also help prevent
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including
18. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive
HIV/AIDS. (1 Mark)
part (anther) of a flower to the female reproductive part
(stigma) of the same or different flower. (½ Mark) 19. (i) Focal length f = –30 cm
Object distance u = –60 cm
There are two types of pollination:
By using lens formula,
1. Self-pollination: It is the transfer of pollen from the
anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower. 1 1 1 1 1 1
− = ⇒ − =
v u f v (−60) (−30)
 (1 Mark)
2. Cross-pollination: It is the transfer of pollen from the 1 −1 1 1 −3
= − ⇒ =
anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower. v 30 60 v 60
(1 Mark) \ v = –20 cm
The two agents of pollination are wind and insect. The image will be formed at a distance of 20 cm in
 (½ Mark) front of the lens. (2 Marks)
 Suitable pollination leads to fertilization because (ii) Four characteristics of the image are
the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma • The image formed is virtual. (½ Mark)
allows for the fusion of the male and female gametes, • Size of the image is diminished. (½ Mark)
resulting in the development of a seed. This process of •  The position of image is between F1 and optical
fertilization is necessary for the production of seeds center O. (½ Mark)
and ensures the continuation of plant species.
• Image is erect. (½ Mark)
 (2 Marks)
(iii) 30 cm
OR
(a) 
The given diagram shows the female reproductive
system. (½ Mark)
Oviduct or fallopian tube
Ovary 2F1 F1 O F2 2F2
Uterus
Cervix

Vagina 60 cm
  (1 Mark)
 (1 Mark)
20. (a) Using the given diagram,
(b) 
Contraception is the deliberate use of methods or R1
devices to prevent pregnancy as a result of sexual I1
intercourse. (½ Mark) R2
I2
The advantages of adopting contraceptive measures are:
1.  Planned parenthood: Contraceptive measures R3
help individuals and couples to plan when they I3
I I
want to have children. This allows them to make
informed decisions about their family size and
spacing of children. (1 Mark)
2.  Reduced risk of unintended pregnancies: V volts  (1 Mark)
Contraceptive measures reduce the risk of
Let the current passing through resistance R1, R2, and
unintended pregnancies, which can have
R3 will be I1, I2 and I3 and potential difference be V.
significant social, economic, and health
consequences. (1 Mark) The total current in the circuit will be,

74
74 SCIENCE
 V Magnetic
I= field lines
R eq
V V V
As, I1 = , I2 = , I3 =
R1 R2 R3
Solenoid
So, the net current will be,
V V V V
= + +
R eq R1 R 2 R 3 S N
Factoring out V, we get
1 1 1 1
= + +
R eq R1 R 2 R 3  (2 Marks)
(b) As two resistors of 12W connected in parallel.
V = 6V + –
1 1 1 B X
∴ = +
R eq R1 R 2  (1 Mark)
1 1 1 2 The pattern of magnetic field lines of bar magnet:
= + =  (1 Mark)
R eq 12 12 12
According to Ohm's law,
V = IR ⇒ 6 = I × 6
6
= I ⇒ I = 1 ampere (1 Mark)
6 N S
OR
(a) From the diagram we can see that the conductor and
electric lamp are connected in series combination, so
resistance of the coil will be
RT = RL + RC = 20 + 4
Magnetic field lines  (1 Mark)
or RT = 24W (1 Mark)
(b) According to Ohm’ s law , V = IR Two distinguishing features between the two fields.
I = V/R Solenoid Bar magnet
= 6 /24 = 0.25 A (1 Mark) 1. By changing the direction As direction is fixed,
(c) As, V = IR of current poles can be so poles can’t be
(i) Potential difference across lamp will be interchanged. Interchanged.
VL = 0.25 × 20 = 5V (1 Mark) 2. By changing the amount Field strength is fixed.
(ii) Potential difference across conductor will be of current field strength
VC = 0.25 × 4 = 1V (1 Mark) can be changed
(d) As, power ( P) = VI (2 Marks)
So, power of the lamp will be = 0.25 × 5 = 1.25 watt 22. When blue litmus solution is added to both test tubes, the
 (1 Mark) colour of test tube A changes from blue to red while the
21. A solenoid is a coil of wire that produces a magnetic field colour of test tube B remains the same. (1 Mark)
when an electric current is passed through it.
This is due to the fact that hydrochloric acid is acidic,
The magnetic field produced by a solenoid is similar to
and acid causes blue litmus to turn red. Because sodium
that of a bar magnet, with the magnetic field lines running
hydroxide is basic, it has no effect on the colour of blue
from the north pole to the south pole of the solenoid. The
strength of the magnetic field depends on the number of litmus. (1 Mark)
turns in the coil, the current flowing through the coil, and OR
the material of the core (if any) inside the coil. (1 Mark) When sodium carbonate combines with an acid, such as
The pattern of magnetic field lines of a current-carrying hydrochloric acid, it produces sodium chloride as well as
solenoid: carbon dioxide and water. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2019 (DELHI) 75

 The reaction involved is:
Na2CO3(s)+2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
 (1 Mark)
23. Test tube A contains distilled water, which is considered
soft water with no free ions, and so the length of foam in Parent Hydra Developing bud Mature bud New Hydra 
test tube A will be the longest.  (1 Mark)
Test tube B includes underground water that contains ions 25. In the experimental set up to show that “CO2 is given
such as Mg+2, Ca+2 that react with soaps to generate salts of out during respiration”, the substance taken in the small
fatty acids known as scum, which is insoluble in water and test tube kept in the conical flask is potassium hydroxide
hence has a shorter foam length than test tube A. (KOH). (½ Mark)
Test tube C includes distilled water with CaSO4, which The function of KOH is to absorb the CO2 released by the
germinating seeds. (½ Mark)
contains Ca+2 ions that react with soaps to generate fatty
acid salts, i.e., scum, and hence the length of foam in test The consequence of using KOH is that it helps to remove
the CO2 gas produced during respiration. The removal of
tube C is less than that in test tube A.
CO2 gas creates a partial vacuum inside the flask, which
As a result, the length of foam in test tube A will be the causes the water in the delivery tube to rise up. This rise
longest. (2 Marks) in water level indicates the amount of CO2 released during
24. • 
The stomata are the small pores present on the surface the process of respiration. (1 Mark)
of leaves that allow for gas exchange. It consists of
two specialized cells called guard cells that regulate
Bent tube
their opening and closing.
• 
The guard cells are kidney-shaped and contain Conical flask
chloroplasts that help in the process of photosynthesis. KOH
Solution

When the guard cells absorb water, they swell and Water
Germinating
the stomata open. When they lose water, they become seed
flaccid and the stomata close. (1 Mark)
Experimental set up of production of carbon dioxide gas
The labelled diagram of the structure of stomata as
during respiration in conical flask.
seen under a microscope is as follows:
26.
Potential difference (V)

Guard cell
Stomatal pore
Chloroplast

Epidermal cell

 (1 Mark)
OR
Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a Current (A)
new individual develops from an outgrowth or bud on The straight line graph between potential difference and
the parent’s body. current shows that current is directly proportional to
In Hydra, the bud develops as a small outgrowth from potential difference.
the parent’s body and gradually grows in size. It obeys Ohm’s law that is V = IR (1 Mark)
The bud eventually forms a mouth and tentacles, and If voltage is along y-axis and and current is along x-axis
detaches from the parent to become a new individual. then,
 (1 Mark) Resistance = Slope of graph = Difference in potential
The proper sequence of events of budding in Hydra is difference between two points/Difference in current
given below: between two points (1 Mark)

76
76 SCIENCE
 OR 27. Here are four precautions a student should observe while
determining the focal length of a given convex lens by
Some error is associated with every experiment. Here,
obtaining an image of a distant object on a screen:
we have an error with the most minor count which is a
systematic error. (i) Ensure the lens is clean and free from dust or smudges:
Any debris or smudges on the lens can affect the
Step 1: Before you begin the experiment, you must determine quality of the image formed and lead to incorrect
the most minor count for both meters. (½ Mark) measurements. The student should use a clean, soft
Step 2: There is a zero error when the needle of the cloth to wipe the lens before starting the experiment.
voltmeter/ammeter does not coincide with the zero mark  (½ Mark)
in the open-circuit state . Depending upon the type of zero (ii) Use a distant object: To get accurate measurements
error, the zero error value is added or subtracted to the of the focal length, the student should use a distant
observed value to obtain the final result. (½ Mark) object such as a faraway building or a distant tree.
Step 3: After that experiment is carried out and the value This ensures that the light rays are nearly parallel
obtained as the final reading is recorded. (½ Mark) when they pass through the lens. (½ Mark)
Step 4: That meter could be connected to the circuit (iii) Ensure the screen is at the correct distance: The screen
should be placed at a distance equal to the focal length
following calculating the value through an open circuit
of the lens or slightly closer.  (½ Mark)
that would be treated as the quantity or starting reading for
that measurement. (iv)  Take multiple readings: To minimize errors, the
student should take multiple readings of the distance
Hence in the end this same final reading or value would between the lens and the screen for different positions
be the measurements acquired after connecting the circuit. of the lens. They should then calculate the average
 (½ Mark) focal length from these readings. (½ Mark)

CBSE 2019 (DELHI) 77

 Outside DELHI
2019 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises FIVE sections – Section A, B, C, D and E. You are to attempt All the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) Internal choice is given in sections B, C, D and E.
(iv) Question numbers 1 to 2 in Section A are one mark questions. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(v) Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section B are two marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vi) Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section C are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section D are five marks questions. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section E are based on practical skills. Each question is a two marks questions. These are
to be answered in brief.

Section-A Section-C
1. Name two industries based on forest produce. 6. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a
 [OS] (1 Mark) boiling tube, black copper oxide, O2 and a brown gas X is
formed. (3 Marks)
2. Why are the heating elements of electric toasters and
electric irons made of an alloy rather than a pure metal? (a) Identify the type of reaction and the gas X.
 (1 Mark) (b) Write balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(c) Write the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X.
Section-B
7. (a) While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that
3. Write the molecular formula of ethene and draw its the acid should be added to water and not water to the
electron dot structure. (2 Marks) acid? (3 Marks)
4. Give reasons: (2 Marks) (b) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not change the colour
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery. of dry litmus paper. Why?
(b) Metals like sodium and potassium are stored under oil. OR
OR How is sodium hydroxide manufactured in industries?
Silver articles become black when kept in open for some Name the process. In this process a gas X is formed as
time, whereas copper vessels lose their shiny brown by-product. This gas reacts with lime water to give a
surfaces and gain a green coat when kept in open. Name compound Y, which is used as a bleaching agent in the
the substances present in air with which these metals react chemical industry. Identify X and Y and write the chemical
and write the name of the products formed. equation of the reactions involved.
5. The absolute refractive index of Ruby is 1.7. Find the 8. What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example. Write
speed of light in Ruby. The speed of light in vacuum is balanced chemical equations to justify your answer.
3 × 108 m/s. (2 Marks)  (3 Marks)
 9. What is a homologous series of carbon compounds? Give OR
an example and list its three characteristics. (3 Marks) The electrons in the atoms of four elements A, B, C and
10. List in tabular form three distinguishing features between D are distributed in three shells having 1, 3, 5 and 7
autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition. electrons respectively in their outermost shells. Write the
 (3 Marks) group numbers in which these elements are placed in the
Modern Periodic Table. Write the electronic configuration
11. What is transpiration? List its two functions. (3 Marks) of the atoms of B and D and the molecular formula of the
OR compound formed when B and D combine. [OS]
(a) What is translocation? Why is it essential for plants? 17. (a) Why is the use of iodised salt advisable? Name the
disease caused due to deficiency of iodine in our diet
(b) Where do the substances in plants reach as a result of
and state its one symptom. (5 Marks)
translocation?
(b) How do nerve impulses travel in the body? Explain.
12. What is carpel? Write the function of its various parts.
 (3 Marks) OR
13. A student holding a mirror in his hand, directed the What is hydrotropism? Design an experiment to
reflecting surface of the mirror towards the Sun. He then demonstrate this phenomenon.
directed the reflected light on to a sheet of paper held close 18. (a) What are homologous structures? Give an example.
to the mirror. [OS]
(a) What should he do to burn the paper? (b) ‘‘The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and
(b) Which type of mirror does he have? none of the parents may be considered responsible for
(c) Will he be able to determine the approximate value it.’’ Justify this statement with the help of a flow chart
showing sex-determination in human beings.
of focal length of this mirror from this activity? Give
 (5 Marks)
reason and draw ray diagram to justify your answer in
this case. (3 Marks) 19. When do we consider a person to be myopic or
hypermetropic? List two causes of hypermetropia.
OR Explain using ray diagrams how the defect associated with
A 10 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal hypermetropic eye can be corrected. (5 Marks)
axis of a convex lens of focal length 12 cm. The distance of 20. (a) How will you infer with the help of an experiment
the object from the lens is 18 cm. Find the nature, position that the same current flows through every part of a
and size of the image formed. circuit containing three resistors in series connected to
14. What are solar cells? Explain the structure of solar panel. a battery?
List two principal advantages associated with solar cells. (b) Consider the given circuit and find the current flowing
 [OS] (3 Marks) in the circuit and potential difference across the 15 W
resistor when the circuit is closed. (5 Marks)
15. Write the essential function performed by ozone at the
higher levels of the Earth’s atmosphere? How is it produced? 5W 10 W 15 W
Name the synthetic chemicals mainly responsible for the
drop of amount of ozone in the atmosphere. How can the
use of these chemicals be reduced ? (3 Marks)

Section-D
30 V
16. (a) List any three observations which posed a challenge to
Mendeleev’s Periodic Law. [OS] (5 Marks) OR
(b) How does the metallic character of elements vary on (a) Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in parallel
moving from and the combination is connected to a battery, ammeter,
voltmeter and key. Draw suitable circuit diagram and
(i) left to right in a period,
obtain an expression for the equivalent resistance of
(ii) top to bottom in a group of the Modern Periodic the combination of the resistors.
Table?
(b) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the following
Give reason for your answer. network:

CBSE 2019 (Outside DELHI) 79

 20 W OR
10 W After examining a prepared slide under the high power
A B of a compound microscope, a student concludes that the
given slide shows the various stages of binary fission in a
20 W unicellular organism. Write two observations on the basis
of which such a conclusion may be drawn.
21. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a 25. List four precautions which a student should observe
current carrying straight conductor passing perpendicularly while preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show
through a horizontal cardboard. State and apply right-hand stomata in his school laboratory. (2 Marks)
thumb rule to mark the direction of the field lines. How 26. Draw the path of a ray of light when it enters one of the
will the strength of the magnetic field change when the faces of a glass slab at an angle of nearly 45°. Label on
point where magnetic field is to be determined is moved it (i) angle of refraction, (ii) angle of emergence and
away from the straight conductor? Give reason to justify (iii) lateral displacement. (2 Marks)
your answer. (5 Marks) OR
A student traces the path of a ray of light through a glass
Section-E prism as shown in the diagram, but leaves it incomplete
and unlabelled. Redraw and complete the diagram. Also
22. A teacher provided acetic acid, water, lemon juice, label on it ∠i, ∠e, ∠r and ∠D.
aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and
sodium hydroxide to students in the school laboratory
to determine the pH values of these substances using pH
papers. One of the students reported the pH values of the
given substances as 3, 12, 4, 8 and 14 respectively. Which
one of these values is not correct? Write its correct value
stating the reason. (2 Marks) 27. The current flowing through a resistor connected in a
circuit and the potential difference developed across its
OR ends are as shown in the diagram by milliammeter and
What would a student report nearly after 30 minutes of voltmeter readings respectively: (2 Marks)
placing duly cleaned strips of aluminium, copper, iron and (a) What are the least counts of these meters?
zinc in freshly prepared iron sulphate solution taken in (b) What is the resistance of the resistor?
four beakers? 200 2
100 300 1 3
23. What is observed when a pinch of sodium hydrogen
carbonate is added to 2 mL of acetic acid taken in a test
tube? Write chemical equation for the reaction involved in
this case. (2 Marks)
24. List in proper sequence four steps of obtaining germinating
dicot seeds. (2 Marks) mA V

EXPLANATIONS
1. Out of the Syllabus
H H
2. Alloys have higher resistance, are less reactive, and have •
x x•
a higher melting point than pure metals, making them x x
C x x C
suitable for heating elements. (1 Mark)
x x
3. The molecular formula of ethene is C2H4. (1 Mark) • •
H H
Its electron dot structure is:  (1 Mark)

80
80 SCIENCE
 4. (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery OR
because these metals are very less reactive, thus they When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution
are not affected by air, moisture or most chemicals. of sodium chloride (called brine), it decomposes to form
These metals are lustrous, malleable and ductile in
sodium hydroxide. (½ Mark)
nature and has high corrosion resistance nature.
The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of
 (1 Mark)
the products formed– chlor for chlorine and alkali for
(b) Sodium and potassium readily react with water to sodium hydroxide. (½ Mark)
produce a lot of heat. So, hydrogen evolved in the The reaction is
reaction leads to fire. Therefore, in order to prevent
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
contact with water, these metals are stored under oil
like kerosene. (1 Mark)  (½ Mark)
In the above reaction, the byproduct X is Cl2 (½ Mark)
OR
The reaction of X with lime water, Ca(OH)2 is
When silver is exposed to air, it combines with the sulphur Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O (½ Mark)
in the air to generate a coating of silver sulphide. The compound Y is CaOCl2 which is used as bleaching
2Ag + H2S → Ag2S + H2 agent in chemical industry, (½ Mark)
Silver sulphide  (1 Mark)
Copper vessels lose their shiny brown surface as copper 8. Metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases
reacts with moist CO2 in the air, forming a green layer of to produce salts and water are known as amphoteric
copper carbonate and copper hydroxide. oxides. (1 Mark)
2Cu + H2O + CO2 + O2 → Cu(OH)2 + CuCO3 For example: Aluminium oxide (1 Mark)
Copper Copper
hydroxide carbonate  (1 Mark) The chemical reactions that justifies its amphoteric nature
Speed of light in vacuum are:
5. Refractive index =  (1 Mark)
Speed of light in medium Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O
Let VR is velocity of light in ruby. (Sodium aluminate)  (1 Mark)
3 × 108 m / s
1.7 = ⇒ VR = 1.764 × 108 m/s (1 Mark) 9. A series of compounds in which the same functional group
VR substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a
6. (a) The chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks homologous series. (1 Mark)
down into two or more products is known as a For example, A series of alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, etc,.
decomposition reaction. The given reaction is an  (½ Mark)
example of decomposition reaction. (½ Mark)
The brown gas X is NO2. (½ Mark) Characteristics:
(b) The balanced chemical equation is • They have same general formula and functional group.
2Cu (NO3)2 (s) → 2CuO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)  (½ Mark)
Copper (II) nitrate Copper Nitrogen Oxygen
oxide dioxide • 
The successive member of the series differ by –CH2
 (1 Mark) unit and 14u by mass. (½ Mark)
(c) Since, NO2 is non metal oxide, so it is acidic in • They all have similar chemical properties. (½ Mark)
nature thus,its aqueous solution will also be acidic.
Therefore, pH will be less than 7. (1 Mark) 10.  (1 Mark for each point)

7. (a) The process of dissolving an acid in water is a highly Features Autotrophic Heterotrophic
exothermic one. The acid must always be added slowly nutrition nutrition
to water with constant stirring. If water is added to a Energy Light energy is Organic compounds
concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the source the source are the source
mixture to splash out and cause burns.  (1½ Marks) Nutrient Autotrophs can Heterotrophs cannot
(b) Hydronium ions (H+) respond to the colour change Requirement synthesize their synthesize their own
of litmus paper. Due to the lack of water, dry HCl own nutrients nutrients and depend
does not dissociate to give H+ ions because acid only on external sources
dissociates to give ions in aqueous solution. Because
HCl is not aqueous in this scenario and litmus paper is Examples Plants, algae, and Animals, fungi, and
dry, the colour of litmus paper does not change. some bacteria are most bacteria are
 (1½ Marks) examples examples

CBSE 2019 (Outside DELHI) 81

11. Transpiration is the process of water movement through OR
a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, mainly from Object distance u = –18cm
the leaves but also from stems and flowers. (1 Mark) Focal length f = 12 cm
It is an important process for plants as it serves two main Height of object h = 10 cm
functions: Convex lens:
Transpiration provides the necessary pull for the absorption 1 1 1 1 1 1
of water and minerals from the soil by roots. (1 Mark) − =⇒ = +
v u f v f u
Transpiration cools the plant and prevents it from getting 1 1 1
overheated by releasing excess water in the form of water = + ⇒ v = 36 cm (1 Mark)
v 12 (−18)
vapor. (1 Mark)
ν h′ 36 h′
OR As, m= = ⇒ =
u h −18 10
(a) Translocation is the process of movement of organic
h′ = –20 cm (size of the image) (1 Mark)
food materials (sugar and nutrients) from the leaves,
where they are synthesized by photosynthesis, to other Nature of the image is Real and Inverted. (1 Mark)
parts of the plants. (1 Mark) 14. Out of the Syllabus
 It is essential for plants because it helps in the 15. The essential function performed by ozone at the higher
distribution of food and nutrients throughout the plant.
levels of the Earth's atmosphere is to prevent harmful
 (1 Mark)
incoming UV radiation, from reaching the Earth's surface,
(b) As a result of translocation, nutrients like sucrose and as these UV rays cause various types of diseases including
amino acid produced in the leaves enter sieve tubes skin cancer. (1 Mark)
within the phloem, enabling their distribution to plant
Ozone is produced in the Earth's atmosphere by the action
parts like leaves, stems and roots. (1 Mark)
of UV radiation on oxygen molecules (O2). When UV
12. Carpel is the female reproductive part of a flower, which radiation strikes an oxygen molecule, it splits the molecule
consists of three main parts: stigma, style, and ovary. into two individual oxygen atoms. These oxygen atoms
The functions of its various parts: can then combine with other oxygen molecules to form
Stigma: It is the sticky, topmost portion of the carpel that ozone (O3).
receives the pollen grains during pollination.
O2 + UV → O + O
Style: It is the long, slender tube-like structure that
O2 + O → O3 (1 Mark)
connects the stigma to the ovary and provides a path for
Chemical Responsible: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)
the pollen tube to reach the ovule.
Ovary: It is the enlarged basal portion of the carpel that  (½ Mark)
contains one or more ovules, which develop into seeds To reduce the use of these ozone-depleting chemicals,
after fertilisation.  (1 + 2 Marks) various measures can be taken, including:
• Minimize the leakage through air conditioners and
13. (a) Adjust the angle of the mirror so that the reflected
refrigerators.
light is focused onto a small spot on the paper. The
• Buy air conditioning and aerosol products that do not
paper will begin to burn when the focused light energy
becomes intense enough. (1 Mark) use CFCs as refrigerants and propellants. (½ Mark)
(b) Student is having converging mirror (concave mirror). 16. Out of the Syllabus
 (½ Mark)
17. (a) Iodine is an essential nutrient that is required for
(c) Yes, he will be able to determine the approximate
the synthesis of thyroid hormones. That is why it is
value of focal length of this mirror from this activity
as paper will burn out by keeping it at the focus of the advisable to use the iodised salt in our diet in order to
mirror. (½ Mark) prevent its deficiency. (1 Mark)
The deficiency of iodine in our diet can lead to a
disease called goiter, which is characterized by the
enlargement of the thyroid gland. (1 Mark)
One of the symptoms of goiter is the swelling of the
P neck. (1 Mark)
F (b) Nerve impulses travel in the body through a process
Focal length
called the nerve conduction. Nerve impulses begin
Paper Position in a dendrite, move toward the cell body, and then
(1 Mark) move down the axon. A nerve impulse travels along

82
82 SCIENCE
 the neuron in the form of electrical and chemical 18. (a) 
Out of the Syllabus
signals. The axon tip ends at a synapse (junction (b) The sex of a newborn child is determined by the
between each axon tip and the dendrites of the next combination of sex chromosomes inherited from the
neuron). Electrical impulses propagate along the axon parents. (1 Mark)
and chemical impulse travel at synapse. The axon tips The father contributes either an X or Y chromosome,
release chemicals (neurotransmitters) that carry the while the mother always contributes an X chromosome.
chemical impulse to the next neuron. (2 Marks) The sex of the child is determined by whether the
OR sperm carries an X or Y chromosome. (1 Mark)
Hydrotropism is the directional growth of plant Here is a flow chart showing the sex-determination
roots in response to water. Roots grow towards areas process in human beings:
with higher water concentration, allowing plants to Father Mother
Parents: XY XX
efficiently absorb water from the soil.
Therefore, roots are positively hydrotropic. (1 Mark) Gametes
X Y X X
Experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.
• Take two glass troughs A and B and fill each one
of them two-thirds with soil. Zygote
formed
• Plant a tiny seedling in troughs A and B and also after fusion XX XX XY XY
place a small ‘clay pot’ in trough B. of gametes Female Female Male Male
• Water the soil in trough A daily and uniformly. 50% probability 50% probability
Do not water the soil in trough B but put some Offspring of a female child of a male child
water in the clay pot buried in the soil. (1 Mark)
• Leave both the troughs for few days. (1 Mark) 19. We consider a person to be myopic or nearsighted when
A they are able to see nearby objects clearly, but have
difficulty seeing objects that are far away. (1 Mark)
Root On the other hand, a person is considered hypermetropic
grows or farsighted when they are able to see distant objects
straight clearly, but have difficulty seeing nearby objects.
Moist soil Moist soil  (1 Mark)
(a) In presence of water Two causes of hypermetropia are:
Water (i) Eyeball shape- Hypermetropia can be caused by an
B eyeball that is shorter than normal, which causes the
Clay light to be focused behind the retina instead of on it.
Root grows  (½ Mark)
pot
towards
(ii) Lens flexibility- Hypermetropia can also be caused by
water
a lens that is not flexible enough to focus properly,
Dry soil Moist soil
which can occur as a result of aging. (½ Mark)
(b) In absence of water Ray Diagram for correcting Hypermetropia
 (1 Mark) Eye lens
Observation: Convex lens
Retina
• Root of seedling in trough A is straight due to
presence of moist soil. O Image is
O'
• Root of seedling in trough B is found to be bent formed on
Object
towards the clay pot containing water. (1 Mark) the retina
Conclusion:
 (2 Marks)
In trough A, the root of seedling gets water from both
sides (as soil is watered uniformly) But in trough B 20. (a) To infer that the same current flows through every
the roots get water oozing out from the clay pot. Thus, part of a circuit containing three resistors in series
it bent towards the clay pot which proves that the plant connected to a battery, you can perform the following
exhibits hydrotropism. (1 Mark) experiment:

CBSE 2019 (Outside DELHI) 83

  Set up the circuit with three resistors connected
in series to a battery. Use a voltmeter to measure
A
the voltage across each resistor. Use Ohm’s law to
+ –
calculate the current flowing through each resistor. (•)
Compare the current flowing through each resistor. Key
If the circuit is in series, the current flowing through Card board
each resistor should be the same.  (2 Marks)
 (2 Marks)
(b) Total resistance R = 5 + 10 + 15 = 30 W (1 Mark)
Right hand thumb rule- If the conductor is held in the
As, V = IR
right hand with the thumb pointing in the direction
So, I = 30/30 = 1A (1 Mark) of the current, then the magnetic field lines will be
Hence, potential difference across 15 ohm resistor directed by the fingers wrapped around the current-
= 1 × 15 = 15 V (1 Mark) carrying conductor. (1 Mark)
OR
(a) 
A circuit diagram to find an expression for the Electric current I
equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of I
the resistors.
R3
B magnetic field
I3
I2 R2
B
I1 R1

 (1 Mark)
I V I Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to
Voltmeter the distance from the origin, thus the magnetic field
strength will decrease as the place where the magnetic
field is to be calculated is moved away from the
(•) A
straight conductor. (1 Mark)
Battery Key Ammeter  (2 Marks)
The total current in the circuit I = I1 + I2 + I3 22. Given substance Given pH
As V = IR ( Ohm’s law) Acetic acid 3 Correct
So I1 = V/R1, I2 = V/R2, I3 = V/R3 Water 12 Incorrect
Total current I = V/Req Lemon Juice 4 Correct
V V V V 1 1 1 1 Aq. Sodium hydrogencarbonate 8 Correct
= + + ⇒ = + +
R eq R1 R 2 R 3 R eq R1 R 2 R 3 Aq. Sodium Hydroxide 14 Correct
 (1 Mark) The pH value of water is incorrect as for water the pH
(b) 20W value is 7 not 12. (2 Marks)
10W
A B OR
Case-1: 3FeSO4(aq) + 2Al → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3Fe(s)
20W
As both 20 Ohm are connected in parallel, In this case light green solution of ferrous sulphate turns
into colourless due to the displacement of Fe by Al.
Thus total resistance R′ for both = 1/R′ = 1/20 + 1/20
= 2/20 = 1/10 W (1 Mark)  (½ Mark)
Thus, R′ = 10 Ohm Case-2: FeSO4 + Cu → No reaction, Because copper is
less reactive than iron. (½ Mark)
Now, total resistance of the circuit = 10 + 10 = 20 ohm
 (1 Mark) Case-3: FeSO4 + Fe → No reaction (½ Mark)
21. The pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a Case-4: FeSO4(aq) + Zn → ZnSO4(aq) + Fe, Zinc is more
current carrying straight conductor passing perpendicularly reactive than iron so light green colour of solution turns
through a horizontal cardboard. into colourless. (½ Mark)

84
84 SCIENCE
23. Acetic acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonates to give • Select the lower leaf surface for epidermal peel as it
rise to a salt, carbon dioxide and water. The salt produced bears more stomata. (½ Mark)
is commonly called sodium acetate. (1 Mark) • Ensure a clean glass slide is used. (½ Mark)
The reaction that occurs is • Place the cover slip carefully, avoiding any air bubble.
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2  (½ Mark)
 (1 Mark) 26. i
24. The four steps of obtaining germinating dicot seeds:
• Imbibition: This initial step encompasses the
absorption of water by the dry seed, initiating the r
germination process. (½ Mark)
• Respiration and energy production: In the absence L
of oxygen, respiration becomes typically anaerobic,
supplying the necessary energy for metabolic e
processes. (½ Mark) M
• Light's role in germination: Light plays a pivotal role Where, ML is lateral displacement
in seed germination by triggering essential metabolic And i = angle of incidence
activities. (½ Mark)
r = angle of refraction
• Mobilisation of reserves and growth regulation:
A significant phase involving the mobilisation e = angle of emergence (2 Marks)
of reserves and the release of growth regulators OR
contributes to the advancement of seed germination.
And finally the transformation of the embryo axis
into a seedling, completing the germination process. A
 (½ Mark)
OR i
D
e
Observations on the basis of which such a conclusion may E r
Q
be drawn are: P R
Presence of two nuclei: During the process of binary
fission, the nucleus of the unicellular organism divides into
two daughter nuclei (Karyokinesis). The presence of two Here, ∠A= angle of prism
distinct nuclei in the cell observed on the slide indicates ∠i = angle of incidence
that the cell is in the process of binary fission. (1 Mark) ∠r = angle of refraction
Elongation of the cell: Before the cell divides it elongates ∠e = angle of emergence
and grows in size. The observation of an elongated cell on ∠D = angle of deviation (2 Marks)
the slide indicates that the cell is in the process of binary 27. (a) Least count of voltmeter = 0.1V
fission. (1 Mark)
Least count of ammeter = 10mA (1 Mark)
25. Precautions that should be taken while preparing a
(b) As, V = 2.4 V
temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata are:
I = 0.25A
• Use freshly plucked leaves for epidermal peels.
 (½ Mark) Hence, R = V/I = 2.4 /0.25 = 9.6 Ohm  (1 Mark)

CBSE 2019 (Outside DELHI) 85

 DELHI/Outside DELHI
2018 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises two Sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) All questions of Section A and Section B are to be attempted separately.
(iv) There is an internal choice in three questions of three marks each, two questions of five marks each in Section A and in
one question of two marks in Section B.
(v) Question numbers 1 and 2 in Section A are one-mark questions. They are to be answered in one word or in
one sentence.
(vi) Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section A are two-marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section A are three-marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section A are five-marks questions. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(ix) Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section B are based on practical skills. Each question is a two-marks question. These are to
be answered in brief.

6. Decomposition reactions require energy either in the

Section-A form of heat or light or electricity for breaking down the
1. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding pea plants reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition
bearing violet flowers with pea plants bearing white reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat,
flowers. What will be the result in F1 progeny? (1 Mark) light and electricity. (3 Marks)
2. Write the energy conversion that takes place in a 7. 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a few
hydropower plant. [OS] (1 Mark) pieces of granulated zinc metal taken in a test tube. When
3. A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess conc. sulphuric the contents are warmed, a gas evolves which is bubbled
acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ through a soap solution before testing. Write the equation
also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas of the chemical reaction involved and the test to detect the
‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the equation of the
gas. Name the gas which will be evolved when the same
chemical reaction of formation of ‘Y’ and also write the
metal reacts with dilute solution of a strong acid. (3 Marks)
role of sulphuric acid in the reaction. (2 Marks)
OR
4. (a) Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy pakoras is
receptor present in human beings.
14. Identify the salt and write a chemical equation for its
(b) Write a and b in the given flow chart of neuron through
formation. List its two uses.
which information travels as an electrical impulse.
Dendrite → a → b → End point of Neuron 8. (a) Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of
(2 Marks) electricity?
5. If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions (b) Write the name and structure of a saturated compound
of the object placed in front of it is always erect and in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. Give
diminished, what type of mirror is it? Draw a labelled ray the number of single bonds present in this compound.
diagram to support your answer. (2 Marks) (3 Marks)
 9. Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine 15. What is a dam? Why do we seek to build large dams?
glands and specify one function of each: (3 Marks) While building large dams, which three main problems
(a) Thyroid (b) Pituitary should particularly be addressed to maintain peace among
(c) Pancreas local people? Mention them. [OS] (3 Marks)

10. Write one main difference between asexual and sexual 16. (a) Write the steps involved in the extraction of pure
mode of reproduction. Which species is likely to have metals in the middle of the activity series from their
comparatively better chances of survival– the one carbonate ores.
reproducing asexually or the one reproducing sexually? (b) How is copper extracted from its sulphide ore? Explain
Give reason to justify your answer. (3 Marks) the various steps supported by chemical equations.
11. State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term Draw labelled diagram for the electrolytic refining of
‘absolute refractive index of a medium’ and write an copper. (5 Marks)
expression to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum. 17. (a) The modern periodic table has been evolved through
(3 Marks) the early attempts of Dobereiner, Newland and
Mendeleev. List one advantage and one limitation of
OR all the three attempts.
What is meant by power of a lens? Write its SI unit. A
(b) Name the scientist who first of all showed that atomic
student uses a lens of focal length 40 cm and another of
number of an element is a more fundamental property
–20 cm. Write the nature and power of each lens.
than its atomic mass.
12. Show how would you join three resistors, each of resistance (c) State Modern periodic law. [OS] (5 Marks)
9 W so that the equivalent resistance of the combination is
(i) 13.5 W, (ii) 6 W? (3 Marks) 18. (a) Mention any two components of blood.
OR (b) Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body.
(a) Write Joule’s law of heating. (c) Write the function of valves present in between atria
and ventricles.
(b) Two lamps, one rated 100 W; 220 V, and the other
60 W; 220 V, are connected in parallel to electric (d) 
Write one structural difference between the
mains supply. Find the current drawn by two bulbs composition of artery and veins. (5 Marks)
from the line, if the supply voltage is 220 V. OR
13. (a) List the factors on which the resistance of a conductor (a) Define excretion.
in the shape of a wire depends. (b) Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
(b) Why are metals good conductors of electricity whereas (c) Draw excretory system in human beings and label the
glass is a bad conductor of electricity? Give reason. following organs of excretory system which perform
(c) Why are alloys commonly used in electrical heating following functions:
devices? Give reason. (3 Marks) (i) form urine.
14. Students in a school listened to the news read in the (ii) is a long tube which collects urine from kidney.
morning assembly that the mountain of garbage in Delhi,
(iii) store urine until it is passed out.
suddenly exploded and various vehicles got buried under
it. Several people were also injured and there was traffic 19. (a) Write the function of following parts in human female
jam all around. In the brain storming session the teacher reproductive system:
also discussed this issue and asked the students to find out (i) Ovary (ii) Oviduct
a solution to the problem of garbage. Finally they arrived
(iii) Uterus
at two main points – one is self management of the garbage
we produce and the second is to generate less garbage at (b) Describe in brief the structure and function of placenta.
individual level. [OS] (3 Marks) (5 Marks)
(a) Suggest two measures to manage the garbage we 20. (a) A student is unable to see clearly the words written on
produce. the black board placed at a distance of approximately
(b) As an individual, what can we do to generate the least 3 m from him. Name the defect of vision the boy is
garbage? Give two points. suffering from. State the possible causes of this defect
(c) List two values the teacher instilled in his students in and explain the method of correcting it.
this episode. (b) Why do stars twinkle? Explain. (5 Marks)

CBSE 2018 (DELHI/Outside DELHI) 87

 OR 24. List the steps of preparation of temporary mount of a leaf
(a) Write the function of each of the following parts of peel to observe stomata. (2 Marks)
human eye: 25. Name the process by which an Amoeba reproduces. Draw
(i) Cornea (ii) Iris
the various stages of its reproduction in a proper sequence.
(iii) Crystalline lens (iv) Ciliary muscles
(b) Why does the sun appear reddish early in the morning? (2 Marks)
Will this phenomenon be observed by an astronaut on OR
the Moon? Give reason to justify your answer. [OS]
A student is viewing under a microscope a permanent
21. (a) State Fleming’s left hand rule. (5 Marks)
slide showing various stages of asexual reproduction by
(b) Write the principle of working of an electric motor.
budding in yeast. Draw diagrams of what he observes.
 [OS] (in proper sequence).
(c) Explain the function of the following parts of an
electric motor. 26. An object of height 4.0 cm is placed at a distance of 30 cm
(i) Armature (ii) Brushes from the optical centre ‘O’ of a convex lens of focal length
(iii) Split ring [OS] 20 cm. Draw a ray diagram to find the position and size of
the image formed. Mark optical centre ‘O’ and principal
Section-B focus ‘F’ on the diagram. Also find the approximate ratio
22. A student added few pieces of aluminium metal to two of size of the image to the size of the object. (2 Marks)
test tubes A and B containing aqueous solutions of iron 27. The values of current (I) flowing through a given resistor
sulphate and copper sulphate. In the second part of her
of resistance (R), for the corresponding values of potential
experiment, she added iron metal to another test tubes
C and D containing aqueous solutions of aluminium difference (V) across the resistor are as given below:
sulphate and copper sulphate. V
In which test tube or test tubes will she observe colour 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0
(volts)
change? On the basis of this experiment, state which one
I
is the most reactive metal and why. (2 Marks) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0
(amperes)
23. What is observed when a solution of sodium sulphate is
added to a solution of barium chloride taken in a test tube? (2 Marks)
Write equation for the chemical reaction involved and Plot a graph between current (I) and potential difference
name the type of reaction in this case. (2 Marks) (V) and determine the resistance (R) of the resistor.

EXPLANATIONS
1. Breeding pea plants with violet flowers (VV) with pea (b) a- Cell body, b- Axon. The information travels from
plants with white flowers (vv) in a monohybrid cross will dendrite to cell body from cell body to axon and from
result in F1 progeny all with violet flowers (Vv).(1 Mark) axon to axon terminal. (1 Mark)
2. Out of the Syllabus 5. A convex mirror always forms an erect and diminished
3. Compound X is Ethanol (C2H5OH) image for object positions between the pole and the focus.
Compound Y is Ethene(CH2 = CH2)  (1 Mark)
Compound Z is Hydrogen gas (H2) (1 Mark) Here is the labelled ray diagram to support this answer:
The chemical reactions that takes place are: X
C2H5OH + H2SO4 → CH2 = CH2 + H2O (½ Mark) A D
The concentrated sulphuric acid can be regarded as a
E A′
dehydrating agent which removes water from ethanol.
 (½ Mark) B P B′ F C
4. (a) Gustatory receptor- Tongue (½ Mark) Object Image
Olfactory receptor- Olfactory epithelium of nose.
(½ Mark) M  (1 Mark)

88 SCIENCE
 6. The chemical equations for the various decomposition (c) Pancreas: Secretes insulin hormone.
reactions are: Function: Insulin helps in regulating blood-sugar levels.
(i) 2H2O + electricity → 2H2(g) + O2 (1 Mark)  (1 Mark)
(ii) CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2 (1 Mark) 10. A key difference between asexual and sexual mode of
reproduction is that asexual reproduction involves a single
(iii) 2AgBr + sunlight → 2Ag + Br2 (1 Mark) parent, and the offspring produced are genetically identical
7. When zinc is added to sodium hydroxide solution, then to the parent while sexual reproduction involves the fusion
sodium zincate (Na2ZnO2) and hydrogen gas are generated. of gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring with a
The chemical reaction that occurs is: unique combination of genetic material. (1 Mark)
2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2 (1 Mark) Species that reproduce sexually are likely to have better
When the candle flame is held close to the evolved gas, chances of survival in a changing environment due to genetic
then it keeps burning with a pop sound, showing the diversity, which provides adaptability to changing conditions.
evolution of Hydrogen gas. (½ Mark) On the other hand, asexual reproduction may not provide the
Now, when the same metal Zn reacts with the dilute necessary genetic variability required for adaptation to changing
solution of a strong acid (H2SO4), then the following environmental conditions, making sexually reproducing
reaction occurs: species more likely to survive over time. (2 Marks)
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2↑ (1 Mark) 11. Laws of refraction of light:
Thus, hydrogen gas is being evolved. (½ Mark) • The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at the
point of incidence all lie in the same plane. (1 Mark)
OR • The ratio of sine of the angle of incidence (i) to the
The salt is sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) that is sine of refraction (r) is constant for to given media.
used for making tasty crispy pakoras. (½ Mark)  (1 Mark)
Its equation for formation is The absolute refractive index of a medium is defined
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 → NH4Cl + NaHCO3
(Ammonium (Sodium
as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed
chloride) hydrogencarbonate) of light in that medium. The expression to relate the
 (½ Mark) absolute refractive index (n) with the speed of light in
Its two uses are: vacuum (c) is:
c
(i) 
Antacids contain sodium hydrogencarbonate. It n=
provides relief because it is alkaline and neutralises v
excess acid in the stomach. (1 Mark) where v is the speed of light in the medium.(1 Mark)
OR
(ii) It is also used in soda-acid fire extinguishers. (1 Mark)
The power of a lens is defined as the ability of a lens to
8. (a) The free electrons are responsible for the conduction
converge or diverge light rays.
of electricity as they move to conduct electricity.
The SI unit of power of a lens is the dioptre (D), which
However, since carbon forms covalent bonds by
is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens in
sharing electrons, thus it has no free electrons.
meters.  (1 Mark)
 (1½ Marks)
Now, coming to the lenses used by the student, we can
(b) An example of saturated compound in which carbon
determine their nature and power as follows: The first
atoms are arranged in the ring is cyclohexane.(½ Mark)
lens has a focal length of 40 cm. Using the formula for
Its structure is calculating the power of a lens, we get:
1
Power of the lens =
Focal length of the lens
 (½ Mark)
1
In this compound, the number of single bonds present Power of the lens = m = 2.5 D (approx.)
are 6. (½ Mark) 0.4
Since the power of the lens is positive, it is a converging
9. (a) Thyroid gland: Secretes thyroxine hormone.
lens, also known as a convex lens.
Function: Thyroxine regulates carbohydrate, protein
and fat metabolism in the body. (1 Mark) The second lens has a focal length of –20 cm. Using the
(b) Pituitary gland: Secretes growth hormone. same formula, we get:
 Function: Growth hormone regulates growth and 1
Power of the lens =
development of an individual. (1 Mark) Focal length of the lens

CBSE 2018 (DELHI/Outside DELHI) 89

 1 Lamp 1 Lamp 2
Power of the lens = m = –5D
−0.2 P1 P2
Since the power of the lens is negative, it is a diverging I1 = I2 =
V V
lens, also known as a concave lens. (2 Marks)
100 60
12. (i) Resistance of each resistor R = 9Ω I1 = I2 =
220 220
Two resistor connected across A and B are connected
10 6
in parallel. I1 = I2 =
22 22
Equivalent resistance across A and B
5 3
R× R R 9 I1 = A I2 = A
RAB= = = = 4.5Ω 11 11
R+R 2 2  (1 Mark)
This equivalent resistance is connected in series to Net current
another resistor R. I = I1 + I2
5 3 8
So equivalent resistance across A and C =I + =
11 11 11
RAC = RAB + R = 4.5 + 9 = 13.5W (1 Mark)
I = 0.73 A
R = 9W
Net current through circuit is 0.73 A (1 Mark)
B 13. (a) The resistance of a conductor in the shape of a wire
A C
depends on several factors such as:
R = 9W
R = 9W  (½ Mark) •  Length of the wire: Resistance is directly
(ii) To get an equivalent resistance of 6Ω, the resistances proportional to the length of the wire.
should be connected as shown in the figure given below: • Cross-sectional area of the wire: Resistance is
inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area
9W 9W
of the wire.
B • Material of the wire: Different materials have
A
9W different resistivities, which affect the resistance
 of the wire.
 (½ Mark) •  Temperature of the wire: The resistance of
RS = R1 + R2 = 9 + 9 = 18Ω most materials increases with an increase in
Now both the resistors are in parallel with each other so, temperature. (1 Mark)
1 1 1+ 2 3 1 (b) Metals are good conductors of electricity because
R=
P = =
+ = Ω they have a large number of free electrons that can
18 9 18 18 6
easily move through the material when an electric
So, RP = 6W (1 Mark) field is applied. In contrast, glass is a bad conductor of
OR electricity because it is an insulator and has very few
(a) Joule’s law of heating states that the heat produced in free electrons that can move through the material.
a conductor is directly proportional to the square of  (1 Mark)
the current flowing through it, the resistance of the (c) Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices
because they have higher resistivity compared to pure
conductor, and the time for which the current flows.
metals. This means that they offer more resistance to
Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
the flow of electric current and can convert electrical
H = I 2RT energy into heat more efficiently. Additionally, alloys
where H is the heat produced in joules, I is the current have higher melting points, which makes them more
in amperes, R is the resistance in ohms, and T is the suitable for use in high-temperature applications.
time in seconds. (1 Mark)  (1 Mark)
(b) We know that, 14. Out of the Syllabus
Power = Voltage × Current 15. Out of the Syllabus
P = VI 16. (a) The carbonate ores of a metal are first converted
into their corresponding oxides by heating them in
P
∴I = the absence of air. This process is called calcination.
V The reaction is:

90 SCIENCE
 ZnCO3 Heat
→ ZnO + CO2 (d) Arteries have thicker walls and narrower lumens than
Zinc carbonate absence of air Zinc oxide Carbon dioxide veins. This is because arteries have a thicker layer of
 (1 Mark) smooth muscle and elastic tissue in their walls, which
Then, ZnO is heated with coke. The reaction is: helps them withstand the high pressure of blood flow
ZnO + C → Zn + CO from the heart. Veins, on the other hand, have thinner
Coke Pure metal Carbon monoxide (1 Mark) walls with less smooth muscle and elastic tissue and
(b) Roasting is used to recover copper from sulphide ore. a wider lumen to allow for the smooth flow of blood
back to the heart. (1 Mark)
It is accomplished in the presence of air.
OR
The following reaction occurs:
(a) Excretion is the process of eliminating metabolic
2Cu2S + 3O2 →
Heat Cu O + 2SO
2 2 wastes from the body. It helps maintain the body’s
2Cu2O + Cu2S →
Heat 6Cu + 2SO 
2
(2 Marks) homeostasis by removing harmful substances like
The well labelled diagram for the electrolytic refining nitrogenous wastes, excess water, and ions that are
produced during cellular metabolism. (1 Mark)
of copper is:
Key – + e– (b) The basic filtration unit present in the kidney is called
e– a nephron. It is a microscopic structure that plays a
Cathode Anode crucial role in removing waste products from the
blood. (1 Mark)
Acidified copper (c) (i) Kidneys: They are bean-shaped organs located in
Cu 2+ sulphate solution the lower back on either side of the spine. They
Cu2+ filter the blood and form urine.
Tank (ii) Ureters: They are long, muscular tubes that
Impurities connect each kidney to the urinary bladder. They
(anode mud) collect urine from the kidneys and transport it to
 (1 Mark) the urinary bladder.
17. Out of the Syllabus (iii) Urinary bladder: It is a muscular sac located in the
18. (a) Two components of blood are: pelvis that stores urine until it is passed out of the
Plasma: It is the liquid part of blood that contains body. (3 Marks)
water, proteins, and other molecules. Plasma helps in (i) Kidneys
the transportation of nutrients, hormones, and other
important substances throughout the body and to
remove waste products by transporting them to the
liver, lungs, kidneys, or skin. (1 Mark)
Blood cells: They are the solid components of blood
that include red blood cells, white blood cells, and
(ii) Ureter (iii) Urinary bladder
platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood
cells help fight infections, and platelets play a role in
blood clotting. (1 Mark)
(b) The oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left
atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins and is
19. (a) (i) Ovary: The ovary is responsible for producing and
pumped out through the aorta to all parts of the body.
releasing mature eggs during the menstrual cycle, a
After giving up its oxygen, the deoxygenated blood
process known as ovulation. The ovary also produces
returns to the heart’s right atrium through vena cava, and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which
then move to the right ventricle. From right ventricle, regulate the menstrual cycle and maintain the female
deoxygenated blood move to the lungs through the reproductive system. (1 Mark)
pulmonary artery for oxygenation. (1 Mark) (ii) Oviduct (Fallopian tube): The oviduct is a narrow
(c) The valves present between the atria and ventricles tube that connects the ovary to the uterus. The
prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to function of the oviduct is to transport the mature
the atria. They ensure the one-way flow of blood from egg from the ovary to the uterus. Fertilization
the atria to the ventricles and help regulate blood flow of the egg by a sperm cell usually occurs in the
in the heart. (1 Mark) oviduct. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2018 (DELHI/Outside DELHI) 91

 Term-I
2016 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises two Sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) There is no choice in any of the question.
(iv) All questions of Section-A and B are to be attempted separately.
(v) Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section-A are one mark question. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(vi) Question numbers 4 to 6 in Section-A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in 30 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 7 to 18 in Section-A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 19 to 24 in Section-A are five marks questions. These are to be answered in 70 words each.
(ix) Question numbers 25 to 33 in Section-B are multiple choice questions based on practical skills. Each question is a one
mark question. You are to select one most appropriate response out of the four provided to you.
(x) Question numbers 34 to 36 in Section B are two marks questions based on practical skills. These are to be answered in
brief.

(b) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

Section-A (c) SO4 +2H2S → 3S + 2H2O
1. Define photosynthesis. (1 Mark) 8. Which three chemical substances which are obtained when
2. Out of the three wires live, neutral or earth, which one electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of brine?
goes through ON/OFF switch? (1 Mark) Write one industrial use of each. (3 Marks)

3. Define the process of nuclear fission. [OS] (1 Mark) 9. Differentiate between the following with suitable examples:
 (3 Marks)
4. List four important properties of aluminium which are (i) Mineral and ore (ii) Corrosion and rancidity
responsible for its great demand in industry. (2 Marks) (iii) Malleability and ductility
5. Reverse of the following chemical reaction is not possible: 10. When soap is scrubbed on a stain of curry on a white cloth,
 (2 Marks) why does it become reddish brown, and turns yellow again
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) when the cloth is washed with plenty of water?(3 Marks)
Justify this statement with reason. 11. Name any three glands associated with digestion in
6. Name the plant hormones responsible for the following humans. Write the names of enzymes secreted by them.
functions: (2 Marks) (3 Marks)
(i) Growth of the stem (ii) Promotes cell division 12. Name the system which facilitates communication
between central nervous system and the other parts of the
(iii) Wilting of leaves (iv) Inhibits growth body. Mention two types of nerves it consists of along with
7. Name the substance oxidised and the substance reduced, their organs of origin.(3 Marks)
and also identify the oxidising agent and reducing agents 13. Draw a diagram showing the correct positions of pancreas,
in the following reaction: (3 Marks) thyroid gland, pituitary gland and adrenal gland in human
(a) 3MnO2 + 4Al → 3Mn +2A12O3 being.(3 Marks)
14. Define an electric circuit. Draw a labelled, schematic (c) Name one salt whose solution has pH more than 7 and
diagram of an electric circuit comprising of a cell, a one salt whose solution has pH less than 7.
resistor, an ammeter, a voltmeter and a closed switch. 21. (a) 
Explain how the separation of oxygenated and
(3 Marks) deoxygenated blood is useful in humans?
15. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines around a current (b) 
Why is double circulation of blood necessary in
carrying straight conductor. How does the strength of the humans?(5 Marks)
magnetic field produced change:(3 Marks) 22. For the series combination of three resistors establish the
(i) with the distance from the conductor? relation:(5 Marks)
(ii) with an increase in Current in a conductor? R = R1 + R2 + R3
16. Find the current drawn from the battery by the network of Where the symbols have their usual meanings.
four resistors shown in the figure.(3 Marks) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the combination of
10 10 three resistors of 6W, 9W, and 18W joined in parallel.
23. Study the following current-time graphs from two different
sources:(5 Marks)
10
10

Current
3V (I)
17. Anita visited her village during summer vacation and saw
her grandmother burning firewood to cook food. This 0 Time (t)
caused lots of smoke and resulted in the bad health of (i)
Anita's grandmother. Anita suggested some alternatives to
her family in the village and offered to help them. Now
answer the following questions: [OS] (3 Marks)
(i) List any two alternatives that Anita must have Current
suggested to her grandmother. (I)
(ii) How will Anita's grandmother benefit herself and the
community by not burning the firewood? Give one 0
reason each. Time (t)
(ii)
(iii) Which qualities of Anita are reflected in her way of
thinking? (i) Use above graphs to list two differences between the
current in the two cases.
18. Explain how is geothermal energy harnessed to produce (ii) Name the type of current in the two cases.
electricity? [OS] (3 Marks) (iii) Identify one Source each for these currents.
19. (a) In Column-I different methods of extraction are given. (iv) What is meant by the statement that "the frequency of
Name the methods used for the extraction of metals current in India is 50 Hz"?
given in Column-II:(5 Marks) 24. What is meant by electric circuit? Why does electric
Column-I Column-II current start flowing in a circuit the moment circuit is
complete? When do we say that the potential difference
(i) Reduction with carbon Al, Zn, Na, Fe,
across a conductor in a circuit is 1 volt?
(ii) Electrolytic reduction Mn, Pb
Calculate the potential difference between the two
(iii) Reduction with aluminium terminals of a battery if 12 joules of work is done in
(b) 
Differentiate between roasting and calcination transferring 2 coulombs of charge.(5 Marks)
processes giving one example of each.
Section-B
20. (a) Define a universal indicator. Mention its one use.
(5 Marks) 25. The pH value of a sample of hydrochloric acid is 2. pH
(b) Solution A gives pink colour when a drop of value of this sample when diluted by adding water will be:
phenolphthalein indicator is added to it. Solution B (1 Mark)
gives red colour when a drop of methyl orange is (a) less than 2 but more than 0
added to it. What type of solutions are A and B and (b) more than 2 but less than 7
which one of the solutions A and B will have a higher (c) more than 7
pH value? (d) no change in pH.

CBSE 2016 (Term-I) 123

26. A student added a drop of universal indicator to one ml After six hours of exposure to sunlight the leaf was
of the given solution and found that a green colour is removed from the plant and tested for starch.
produced. pH value of the solution will be in the range of: Which one of the following will be the correct observation?
(1 Mark) (a) Whole leaf turned blue-black.
(a) 0-3 (b) 4-6 (b) Only B and C portions turned blue-black.
(c) 7-9 (d) 10-12 (c) Only A and B portions remained colourless and the
27. In which form zinc metal is used from laboratory to rest of the leaf turned blue-black.
prepare hydrogen?(1 Mark) (d) A, B and C portions remained colourless and the rest
(a) Rod (b) Powder of the leaf turned blue- black.
(c) Filing (d) Granules 33. Rina set up the apparatus for demonstrating that CO2 is
28. Aqueous solution of which of the following is colourless? released during respiration of germinating seeds. After
2 hours when she observed the set up she did not find the
(1 Mark)
water to rise in the bent tube from the beaker. The reason
(a) FeSO4 (b) ZnSO4 could be because:(1 Mark)
(c) Al2(SO4)3 (d) Both (b) and (c)
29. Which of the following solution is coloured?(1 Mark)
(a) ZnSO4 (b) FeSO4
KCl
(c) Al2(SO4)3 (d) Na2SO4
30. Two resistances are connected in series as shown in the Cloured
diagram. The potential difference across 12W resistor will water
be: (1 Mark) Germinating seeds
+ V – (a) the beaker has coloured water.
(b) the set-up is air tight
13 12
(c) no oxygen is available to seeds for respiration.
A
(d) carbon-dioxide is not being absorbed.
34. While studying the double displacement reaction, the
5V K solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate are
(a) 6 V (b) 2.4 V mixed together.(2 Marks)
(c) 2.8 V (d) 12 V (i) What do you observe as soon as the two solutions are
mixed together?
31. Three resistances of 2W, 3W and 5W are connected in
parallel to a 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance. (ii) What will happen in the above observation made by
The potential difference across the three resistances will you after ten minutes?
be: (1 Mark) 35. In an experiment, to study the dependence of potential
(a) 2 V (b) 3V difference (V) on the electric current (I) across a conductor
(c) 5 V (d) 10 V (resistor), if the circuit is on for long time, then-select two
correct options from the following:(2 Marks)
32. A destarched leaf on a potted plant was covered with black
(A), white (B) and transparent (C) strips of paper as shown (i) Zero error of an ammeter will be changed.
in the figure.(1 Mark) (ii) Zero error of a voltmeter will be changed.
B (iii) Value of a resistance will be changed.
A C (iv) Resistor will be heated.
36. Record your observations when a stained and mounted leaf
peel is viewed by you under high power (45x) microscope.
(2 Marks)

124 SCIENCE
 EXPLANATIONS
1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 (1 Mark)
to synthesise food with the help of chlorophyll, carbon NaOH is used to make soaps and detergents.
dioxide and water. (1 Mark)
Cl2 is used in the formation of bleaching powder.
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
H2 is used to make ammonia for fertilizers. (1 Mark)
2. The live wire passes through the ON/OFF switch.(1 Mark)
9. (i) Mineral and ore
3. Out of the Syllabus Minerals are defined as elements or compounds which
4. (a) It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.(½ Mark) occur naturally in the earth’s crust. Some minerals
(b) It is not attacked by metal as it forms a protective layer may contain a small percentage of metal while some
of oxide. (½ Mark) can contain a high percentage of metal. (½ Mark)
(c) It is used as a reducing agent to extract the metals There are some places at which minerals contain a very
from their oxides. (½ Mark) high percentage of a particular metal and the metal
(d) It is a light metal. (½ Mark) can be extracted profitably from it. This is known as
ore. Ore contains a good percentage of metals.
5. According to the reactivity series, Cu is less reactive than  (½ Mark)
Zn, hence, it cannot displace Zinc from its salt solution.
(ii) Corrosion and Rancidity
 (1 Mark)
Corrosion is defined as the process in which metals
ZnSO4 + Cu → No reaction (1 Mark)
get attacked by the substances around it like air and
6. Gibberellin- Promote growth of stem. (½ Mark) moisture. Example: Green coating on copper
Cytokinin- Promote cell division. (½ Mark)  (½ Mark)
Abscisic acid- Wilting of leaves. (½ Mark) When fats and oils are oxidized, they become rancid
Abscisic acid- Inhibits growth. (½ Mark) due to which the taste and smell of the food changes.
This process is known as rancidity. Example: Potato
7. (a) On the reactant side, Mn has +4 oxidation state while chips kept in N2 gas to prevent rancidity. (½ Mark)
on the product side, it has 0 oxidation state. On the
reactant side, Al has 0 oxidation state while on the (iii) Malleability and Ductility
product side, it has +3 oxidation state. So,  Malleability is defined as the property by which
Substance oxidized = Al, Substance reduced = MnO2 metals can be beaten into thin sheets. Example: Gold
and silver are the most malleable metals.
Reducing agent = Al, Oxidizing agent = MnO2
 (½ Mark)
 (1 Mark)
Ductility is defined as the ability of metals to be drawn
(b) On the reactant side, Fe has +3 oxidation state while into thin wires. Example: Gold is the most ductile
on the product side, it has 0 oxidation state. On the metal. (½ Mark)
reactant side, C has +2 oxidation state while on the
product side, it has +4 oxidation state. So, 10. A stain of curry on white cloth becomes reddish brown
when soap is scrubbed on it because curry contains
Substance oxidized = CO, Substance reduced = Fe2O3 turmeric powder which acts as a natural indicator while
Reducing agent = CO, Oxidizing agent = Fe2O3 soap is basic in nature. (1½ Marks)
 (1 Mark) This stain becomes yellow again when the cloth is rinsed
(c) On the reactant side, S has +4 oxidation state while with plenty of water because the basic nature of the soap
on the product side, it has 0 oxidation state. On the gets removed with water. (1½ Marks)
reactant side, S (in H2S) has –2 oxidation state while 11. Glands that are associated with digestion in humans:
on the product side, it has 0 oxidation state. So, Salivary glands, pancreas, and stomach
Substance oxidized = H2S, Substance reduced = SO2 Salivary glands contains an enzyme, salivary amylase,
Reducing agent = H2S, Oxidizing agent = SO2 which help to break down carbohydrates in food.
 (1 Mark) Pancreas contains digestive enzymes, proteases, lipases,
and amylase, that break down proteins, fats, and
8. On passing electricity through a concentrated solution of carbohydrates in the small intestine.
NaCl (known as brine), formation of NaOH, Cl2 and H2 Stomach contains an enzyme, pepsin, that breaks down
takes place. (1 Mark) protein into smaller peptides. (1 + 2 Marks)

CBSE 2016 (Term-I) 125

12. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  (1 Mark) (i) The magnitude of a magnetic field diminishes as
It consists of two types of nerves: Cranial nerves originate the distance from the conductor increases. This
from the brain and spinal nerves that originate from the relationship follows an inverse square law. (1 Mark)
spinal cord. (ii) The magnitude of the magnetic field is directly related
Cranial nerves are responsible for controlling various to the current flowing through the wire. (1 Mark)
functions of the head and neck, such as vision, hearing,
and facial movements. They originate from the brain and 16. 10W 10W 10W
exit the skull through openings called foramina. There are R1 R2 R3
twelve pairs of cranial nerves in humans. (1 Mark) 10W
Spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord and are R4
responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals to
and from the rest of the body. There are 31 pairs of spinal 3V
nerves in humans, which are named according to the region The equivalent resistance of the first three resistance in
of the spinal cord from which they emerge. (1 Mark) series is given by:
13. Req = R1 + R2 + R3 =10Ω + 10Ω + 10Ω = 30Ω (1 Mark)
Pituitary gland Now, the equivalent series resistance is in parallel
Thyroid gland combination with R4, so the net resistance will be:
1 1 1
= +
RNet Req R4
1 1 1 4
= + =
RNet 30 10 30
30
RNet
= = 7.5  (1 Mark)
4
Pancreas Now, to find the current drawn, we will apply Ohm’s Law
V = IRNet
Adrenal glands
 V 3
 (3 Marks) I
= = = 0.4 A  (1 Mark)
RNet 7.5
14. An electrical circuit refers to a closed path composed 17. Out of the Syllabus
of wires and electrical elements that permits the flow of
18. Out of the Syllabus
current when a potential difference is applied across two
points within the path. (1 Mark) 19. (a) (i) Reduction with Carbon Zn, Fe, Pb
Voltmeter (ii) Electrolytic reduction Al, Na
+V –
(iii) Reduction with aluminum Mn
Resistor  (1 + 1 + 1 Marks)
– (b)
Ammeter A Closed switch
+ Roasting Calcination
+ –
Cell The process in which sulfide The process in which
 (2 Marks) ores get converted into carbonate ores get
Variable oxides by heating strongly in converted into oxides
15. the excess of air is known as by heating strongly in
resistance
roasting. the limited supply of air
–A+
is known as calcination.
Example: Example:
+ 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
P
–  (1 + 1 Marks)
20. (a) Universal indicator is a mixture of several indicators
which shows different colors at different concentrations
of hydrogen ions in a solution. (½ Mark)
K It is used to test the nature of solution-acidic or basic.
 (1 Mark)  (½ Mark)

126 SCIENCE
 (b) 
Solution A gives pink color when a drop of The current will remain the same in series combination:
phenolphthalein is added to it which indicates that A V1 = IR1; V2 = IR2; V3 = IR3
is a base. (1 Mark) Now, the equivalent voltage will be:
Solution B gives red color when a drop of methyl V = V1 + V2 + V3
orange is added to it which indicates that B is an acid.
IReq = IR1 + IR2 + IR3
 (1 Mark)
I(Req) = I(R1 + R2 + R3)
A is a base , so its pH value will be higher than B
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 (3 Marks)
which is an acid.
Now, we will calculate the equivalent resistance of three
For base, pH > 7 resistances connected in parallel:
For acid, pH < 7 (1 Mark) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1
= + + = + + = =
(c) NH4Cl has pH less than 7 as it is made up of weak Req R1 R2 R3 6 9 18 18 3
base (NH4OH) and strong acid (HCl). (½ Mark)
Req = 3Ω (2 Marks)
Na2CO3 has pH greater than 7 as it is made up of
strong base (NaOH) and weak acid (H2CO3). 23. (i)
 (½ Mark) (i) (ii)
21. (a) The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood The graph (i) is a graph The graph (ii) is a graph of
is crucial in the human circulatory system. The heart, of Direct Current (D.C) Alternating Current (A.C)
consisting of four chambers, separates oxygenated The current flowing The current flowing in graph
blood from deoxygenated blood. The right side of the in graph (i) is Direct (ii) is Alternating Current.
heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and Current. It flows in one After equal intervals of
sends it to the lungs for oxygenation, while the left side direction. In D.C the twotime the current reverses its
of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs quantities that remains direction. In A.C the two
and pumps it to the rest of the body. This is useful in same are the magnitude quantities magnitude and
animals that have high energy needs, such as birds and and direction of current.direction of current changes
animals (includes humans), which constantly use energy in a continuous manner at
definite intervals of time.
to maintain their body temperature. (2½ Marks)
With the passage of time After a regular interval
(b) In humans, blood goes through the heart twice during
the magnitude of current of time the magnitude of
each cycle. Thus, it is called double circulation.
in graph (i) does not current in graph (ii) becomes
The heart pumps blood into two circuits: pulmonary become zero. zero.
and systemic.
 (2 Marks)

The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated (ii) In the first graph the type of current flowing is: Direct
blood to the lungs for oxygenation, while the systemic Current. (½ Mark)
circulation carries oxygenated blood to the rest
In the second graph the type of current flowing is:
of the body. This separation of blood ensures that
Alternating Current. (½ Mark)
oxygenated blood is delivered to the body's tissues
and organs and deoxygenated blood is sent to the (iii) The source of first current i.e., D.C: D.C generator,
lungs for oxygenation, maintaining the constant body battery, cell, etc. (½ Mark)
temperature. (2½ Marks) The source of second current i.e., A.C: A.C generator
 (½ Mark)
A R1 B R2 C R3 D
I (iv) In India, the current oscillates at a frequency of 50 Hz,
22. indicating that the direction of the current changes 50
V1 V2 V3
I times within a span of 1 second. (1 Mark)
24. (i) An electric circuit is defined as a continuous pathway
V for the flow of electric current, comprising of wires,
resistances such as electric bulbs, and a switch. This
Let Req be the combined resistance of the three capacitors
circuit forms between the two terminals of a cell or
in series. By using Ohm’s Law, we have:
battery, enabling the movement of electric current.
V = IReq  (1 Mark)

CBSE 2016 (Term-I) 127

 (ii) 
Potential difference between the ends of the wire Now, apply Ohm’s Law to find out the potential:
makes the current to flow in the wire. (1 Mark) V = 0.2 × 12 = 2.4 volts (1 Mark)
(iii) 
When the potential difference between two points 31. (d) 
In a parallel combination the potential difference
measures 1 volt, it signifies that 1 joule of work is remains the same.  (1 Mark)
done in moving 1 coulomb of electric charge from one
point to another point. (1 Mark) 32. (c) Only A and B portions remain colourless and the rest
of the leaf turned blue black.
1 volt = 1 joule/ 1 coulomb
The parts of the leaf covered with the black and white
1V = 1J/1C
strips of paper should not have any starch present, as
(iv) We have been given: Work done (W) = 12 joules; they would have been deprived of light and therefore
Charge (Q) = 2 coulombs unable to undergo photosynthesis. The part of leaf
Now, apply the formula for work done in moving a covered with transparent strip would have undergone
charge: photosynthesis due to the availability of sunlight
W through the transparent strip.  (1 Mark)
W = VQ ⇒ V =
Q 33. (d) Carbon dioxide not being absorbed.
As CO2 is not being absorbed by KCl, the pressure
12
V
= = 6 volts build up by CO2 will oppose the rise of water in the
2  (2 Marks)
bent tube from the beaker. (1 Mark)
25. (b) pH of HCl is 2 according to the given information. On
34. (i)  On mixing the two solutions, white precipitate of
dilution, pH will increase till 7 but remains less than 7
barium sulfate will form.
as it contains more H+ ions as compared to OH– ions.
 (1 Mark) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s)+ 2NaCl(aq)
 (1 Mark)
26. (c) pH value of solution will be in the range of 7-9. (ii) After 10 minutes, white precipitate will settle down at
 (1 Mark) the bottom of the tube and solution above it becomes
27. (d) Granulated zinc is used in the lab preparation of H2 colorless. (1 Mark)
gas as impurity present in it is of Cu which speeds up 35. Option (iii) and (iv) are correct.
the rate of reaction. (1 Mark)
The heat is generated as a result of the work done in
28. (d) Both (b) and (c) are colorless while salt given in (a) is overcoming the resistance to the current. When the
green in color. (1 Mark) temperature of the resistance rises to due to the heat
29. (b) Among the given options, FeSO4 solution is colored generated the value of the resistance changes. (2 Marks)
(green). (1 Mark) 36. Observing a stained and mounted leaf peel under a
30. (b) The equivalent resistance of the two resistances given high-power microscope (45x) can reveal the shape, size,
in series are: and arrangement of cells, the presence of chloroplasts
and other organelles, the staining of specific compounds
Req = R1 + R2 = 13 + 12 = 25Ω
or structures, any abnormalities or damage to the cells,
Now, apply Ohm’s Law to find current and the presence of microorganisms or pests on the leaf
V = IR surface. The specific observations may vary depending on
5 the type of stain used, the type of leaf, and the experimental
I
= = 0.2 A conditions. Nonetheless, this type of observation can
25
provide valuable insights into the structure and function of
The current flowing through 12Ω resistor is 0.2A. plant cells. (2 Marks)

128 SCIENCE
 DELHI Term-II
2015 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises two Sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) There is no choice in any of the questions.
(iv) All questions of Section A and all questions of Section B are to be attempted separately.
(v) Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section A are one mark questions. These are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(vi) Question numbers 4 to 6 in Section A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 7 to 18 in Section A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 19 to 24 in Section A are five marks questions. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(ix) Question numbers 25 to 33 in Section B are multiple choice questions based on practical skills. Each question is a
one mark question. You are to select one most appropriate response out of the four provided to you.
(x) Question numbers 34 to 36 in Section B are two marks questions based on practical skills. These are to be answered in brief.

9. How many groups and periods are there in the modern

Section-A periodic table? How do the atomic size and metallic
character of elements vary as we move: [OS] (3 Marks)
1. Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of
homologous series having general formula CnH2n.(1 Mark) (a) down a group and
2. List two function performed by the testis in human beings. (b) from left to right in a period
 (1 Mark) 10. From the following elements:
3. What is the function of ozone in the upper atmosphere? 4
Be; 9F; 19K; 20Ca
 (1 Mark) (i) Select the element having one electron in the outermost
shell.
4. List four characteristics of the images formed by plane
mirrors. (2 Marks) (ii) Two elements of the same group.
5. Why are forests considered “biodiversity hotspots”? List Write the formula of and mention the nature of the
two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to compound formed by the union of 19K and element
the management of forests and wildlife. [OS] (2 Marks) X(2,  8,  7). [OS] (3 Marks)
6. What is meant by “sustainable management”? Why is 11. What is DNA copying? State its importance. (3 Marks)
reuse considered better than recycling? [OS] (2 Marks) 12. Explain budding in Hydra with the help of labelled
7. With the help of an example, explain the process of diagrams only. (3 Marks)
hydrogenation. Mention the essential conditions for the 13. List any four methods of contraceptions used by humans.
reaction and state the change in physical property with the How does their use have a direct effect on the health and
formation of the product. (3 Marks) prosperity of a family. (3 Marks)
8. What is the difference between molecules of soaps and 14. “We cannot pass on to our progeny the experiences and
detergents, chemically? Explain the cleansing action of qualifications earned during our life time”. Justify the
soaps. (3 Marks) statement giving reason and examples. [OS] (3 Marks)
15. (i) Planaria, insects, octopus and vertebrates all have (b) The absolute refractive indices of two media ‘A’ and
eyes. Can we group eyes of these together to establish ‘B’ are 2.0 and 1.5 respectively. If the speed of light in
a common evolutionary origin? Justify your answer. medium ‘B’ is 2 × 108 m/s, calculate the speed of light
(ii) “Birds have evolved from reptiles”. State evidence to in: (5 Marks)
prove the statement.[OS] (3 Marks) (i) vacuum, (ii) medium ‘A’
16. To construct a ray diagram we use two rays of light which 23. “A convex lens can form a magnified erect as well as
are so chosen that it is easy to determine their directions magnified inverted image of an object placed in front of
after reflection from the mirror. Choose these two rays and it.” Draw ray diagram to justify this statement stating the
state the path of these rays after reflection from a concave position of the object with respect to the lens in each case.
mirror. Use these two rays to find the nature and position An object of height 4 cm is placed at a distance of 20
of the image of an object placed at a distance of 15 cm cm from a concave lens of focal length 10 cm. Use lens
from a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. (3 Marks) formula to determine the position of the image formed.
17. With the help of a labelled diagram, explain why the sun  (5 Marks)
appears reddish at the sun-rise and the sun-set. 24. A student is unable to see clearly the word written on the
 [OS] (3 Marks) blackboard placed at a distance of approximately 4 m from
him. Name the defect of vision the boy is suffering from.
18. After the examinations Rakesh with his friends went on Explain the method of correcting this defect. Draw ray
a picnic to a nearby park. All friends carried cooked food diagram for the: (5 Marks)
packed in plastic bags or plastic cans. After eating the food
(i) defect of vision and also
some friends collected the leftover food and plastic bags
etc. and planned to dispose them off by burning. Rakesh (ii) for its correction
immediately checked them and suggested to segregate the
leftover food and peels of fruits from the plastic materials
Section-B
and respectively dispose them off separately in the green 25. A student adds 2 mL of acetic acid to a test tube containing
and red dustbins placed in the corner of the park. 2 mL of distilled water. He than shakes the test tube well
 (3 Marks) and leaves it to settle for some time. After about 5 minutes
(a) In your opinion, is burning plastic an eco-friendly he observes that in the test tube there is: (1 Mark)
method of waste disposal? Why? State the advantage (a) a clear transparent colourless solution
of method suggested by Rakesh. (b) a clear transparent pink solution
(b) How can we contribute in maintaining the parks and (c) a precipitate settling at the bottom of the test tube
roads neat and clean? (d) a layer of water over the layer of acetic acid
19. Explain why carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent 26. A student prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution in a
bond. Explain in brief two main reasons for carbon beaker to study saponification reaction. Some observations
forming a large number of compounds. Why does carbon related to this are given below: (1 Mark)
form strong bonds with most other elements. (5 Marks) (I) Sodium hydroxide solution turns red litmus blue
20. Write the functions of the following in human female (II) Sodium hydroxide readily dissolves in water
reproductive system: (III) The beaker containing solution appears cold when
Ovary, oviduct, uterus touched from outside
(IV) The blue litmus paper turns red when dipped into the
How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s
solution
body? Explain in brief. (5 Marks)
The correct observations are:
21. How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human (a) I, II and IV (b) I, II and III
beings? Out of these how many are sex chromosomes? (c) Only III and IV (d) Only I and II
How many types of sex chromosomes are found in human
27. Hard water is not available for an experiment. some salts
beings?
are given below: (1 Mark)
“The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none (I) Sodium chloride (II) Sodium sulphate
of the parents may be considered responsible for it”. Draw (III) Calcium chloride (IV) Calcium sulphate
a flow chart showing determination of sex of a newborn to (V) Potassium chloride (VI) Magnesium sulphate
justify this statement. (5 Marks) Select from the following a group of these salts, each
22. (a) State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term member of which may be dissolved in water to make it
absolute refractive index of a medium and write hard.
an expression to relate it with the speed of light in (a) I, II, V (b) I, III, V
vacuum. (b) III, IV, VI (d) II, IV, VI

130
130 SCIENCE
28. A student identified the various parts of an embryo of a measured them were 18°; 22°; 25° and 30° respectively. The
gram seed and listed them as given below: (1 Mark) student who has performed the experiment methodically is
I. Testa II. Plumule  (1 Mark)
III. Radicle IV. Cotyledon (a) P (b) Q
V. Tegmen (c) R (d) S
Out of these the actual parts of the embryo are: 33. After tracing the path of a ray of light through a glass
(a) I, II, III (b) II, III, V prism a student marked the angle of incidence (∠i), angle
(c) III, IV, V (d) II, IV, V of refraction (∠r) angle of emergence (∠e) and the angle
29. For students A, B, C and D reported the following set of of deviation (∠D) as shown in the diagram. The correctly
organs to be homologous. Who is correct? [OS] (1 Mark) marked angles are: (1 Mark)
(a) Wings of a bat and a butterfly
(b) Wings of a pigeon and a bat
(c) Wings of a pigeon and a butterfly
(d) Forelimbs of cow, a duck and a lizard r
i
30. Study the following diagram and select the correct D e
statement about the device ‘X’: (1 Mark)
S
X

(a) ∠i and ∠r (b) ∠i and ∠e

(c) ∠i, ∠e and ∠D (d) ∠i, ∠r and ∠e
34. List two observations which you make when you add a
pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate to acetic acid in a test
12 cm tube. Write chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.
 (2 Marks)
(a) Device ‘X’ is a concave mirror of radius of curvature 35. Name the type of asexual reproduction in which two
12 cm individuals are formed from a single parent and the
(b) Device ‘X’ is a concave mirror of focal length 6 cm parental identity is lost. Draw the initial and the final
(c) Device ‘X’ is a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm stages of this type of reproduction. State the event with
(d) Device ‘X’ is a convex mirror of focal length 12 cm which this reproduction starts. (2 Marks)
31. A student has obtained a point image of a distant object 36. To find the image-distance for varying object-distances
using the given convex lens. To find the focal length of the in case of a convex lens, a student obtains on a screen a
lens he should measure the distance between the: sharp image of a bright object placed very far from the
 (1 Mark) lens. After that he gradually moves the object towards the
(a) lens and the object only lens and each time focuses its image of the screen.
(b) lens and the screen only  (2 Marks)
(c) object and the image only (a) In which direction – towards or away from the lens,
(d) lens and the object and also between the object and the does he move the screen to focus the object?
image (b) What happens to the size of image – does it increase or
32. Four student P, Q, R and S traced the path of a ray of light decrease?
passing through a glass slab for an angle of incidence (c) What happen when he moves the object very close to
40° and measured the angle of refraction. The values as the lens?

CBSE 2015 (DELHI Term-II) 131

 EXPLANATIONS
1. CnH2n is the general formula of alkenes. The second micelles takes place in which one end of the molecules
member of this series is propene having formula C3H6. is towards the oil while the other end faces outside. This
 (1 Mark) results in formation of emulsion in water and hence, soap
micelle helps to pull out the dirt in water. (2 Marks)
2. The testes are the male reproductive organs in human
9. Out of the Syllabus
beings and perform two vital functions:
10. Out of the Syllabus
• Produce male sex hormone (testosterone) (½ Mark)
11. DNA copying is a process that occurs before cell division,
• Produce male gamete (sperms) (½ Mark)
where a cell makes a similar copy of its DNA. The
3. Ozone in the upper atmosphere absorbs and filters out mechanism involves the unwinding and separation of
harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, protecting the double-stranded DNA molecule, synthesis of new
life on earth from its harmful effects such as skin cancer. complementary strands, and the addition of nucleotides
 (1 Mark) based on the base-pairing rules. DNA copying mechanisms
4. The four characteristics of the images formed by plane is not absolutely reliable and hence it is only to be expected
mirrors are: that the process of copying of the DNA will have some
variations each time. After cell division, two resultant
(i) The size of the images is identical to that of the
cells are similar but subtly different from each other. This
objects. (½ Mark)
inbuilt tendency for variation during reproduction is the
(ii) The images are produced behind the mirrors at the basis for evolution. (3 Marks)
equivalent distance from the mirrors as the objects.
12. Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in Hydra, where
 (½ Mark)
a small bud or outgrowth forms on the parent Hydra body,
(iii) The images formed are erect and virtual. (½ Mark) which grows into a fully formed daughter Hydra. The
(iv) The images undergo lateral inversion. (½ Mark) daughter Hydra develops tentacles, a mouth, and other
5. Out of the Syllabus body structures, and eventually separates from the parent
Hydra to become an independent organism capable of
6. Out of the Syllabus feeding and reproducing on its own.
7. The process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated compounds
Tentacles
is known as hydrogenation. (½ Mark)
Example: CH2 = CH2 + H2 → C2H6 (½ Mark) New
Parent New
Essential Conditions: Bud Hydra
Hydra Hydra separates
Presence of unsaturated compound Budding in Hydra
Presence of Ni or Pd catalyst (1 Mark)
(3 Marks)
When vegetable oils (containing long unsaturated carbon 13. Four methods of contraception commonly used by humans
chains) undergo hydrogenation, formation of animal fats are:
having saturated carbon chains takes place. Barrier methods: Such as condoms, diaphragms, and
R R Nickel catalyst H H cervical caps, which physically prevent the sperm from
C=C →H2 R–C–C–R reaching the egg.
R R H H Hormonal methods: Such as birth control pills, patches,
 (1 Mark) which contain synthetic hormones that prevent ovulation
or thicken the cervical mucus.
8. Soaps molecules are generally sodium or potassium salts
Intrauterine devices (IUDs): Small, T-shaped devices
of long chain carboxylic acids. (½ Mark)
that are inserted into the uterus to prevent fertilisation or
Detergent molecules are generally sodium salts of implantation.
ammonium or sulphonate salts with chloride or bromide Sterilization: Such as vasectomy in males and tubectomy
ions. (½ Mark) in females, which permanently prevent pregnancy by
Cleansing action of soap: cutting and blocking the tubes that carry the sperm or eggs.
Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve  (2 Marks)
in water. An ionic end of soap interacts with water while Use of contraception can have a direct effect on the health
carbon chain interacts with oil. At this stage, formation of and prosperity of a family:

132
132 SCIENCE
 • Family planning and spacing pregnancies • Participate in clean-up drives organised by the
• Reduce maternal/infant mortality risk (1 Mark) local authorities. (1 Mark)
14. Out of the Syllabus 19. Carbon contains four valence electrons. It is difficult to
15. Out of the Syllabus lose or gain 4 electrons to achieve noble gas configuration.
16. The two chosen rays are given in the ray diagram below. Hence, it will share its four valence electrons with other
atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements. Hence,
M
carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonds.
E  (1½ Marks)
A (i) Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with
D
B′ C other atoms of carbon which gives rise to large
B F P molecules. This property is known as catenation. No
other element exhibits the property of catenation to
the extent seen in carbon. (1 Mark)
A′
(ii) Carbon has 4 valence electrons due to which it can
(½ Mark) form bonds with four other C atoms or atoms of other
(i) A parallel ray to the principal axis, upon reflection, will mono-valent elements. (1 Mark)
go through the principal focus of a concave mirror. Bonds formed by carbon with other elements are very
 (½ Mark) strong which makes those compounds exceptionally
(ii) A ray that passes through the centre of curvature stable. The reason for this is due to the small size of
of a concave mirror will be reflected back along its carbon due to which the nucleus can hold a shared pair
original path after reflection. (½ Mark) of electrons strongly. (1½ Marks)
Now, use the mirror formula to find out the image 20. Ovary: The ovary is a pair of reproductive glands that
distance: produce and release eggs through a process called
1 1 1 ovulation. The ovaries also produce hormones estrogen
= +  (½ Mark)
f u v and progesterone, which play a crucial role in regulating
Now, substitute the provided values in the above formula: the menstrual cycle and the development of female sex
1 1 1 1 1 1 characteristics.
= + ⇒= − Oviduct: The oviduct, also known as the fallopian tube,
−10 −15 v v 15 10
1 −3 + 2 1 is a pair of tubes that connect the ovary to the uterus. The
= = − ⇒ v = –30 cm (½ Mark) oviduct is a site where fertilization occurs, as the sperm
v 30 30 meet the released egg and fertilise it. The oviduct also
The formation of the image occurs 30 cm in front of helps in transporting the fertilized egg to the uterus.
the mirror (the negative sign indicating that the object
Uterus: The uterus is a muscular organ that provides
and image are on the same side). The image is real and
a nourishing environment for the developing embryo.
inverted. (½ Mark)
During pregnancy, the fertilised egg implants in the
17. Out of the Syllabus uterus, and the uterus provides a nurturing environment
18. (a) Burning plastic releases harmful gases and toxic for the developing foetus. The uterus also contracts during
chemicals into the atmosphere, which can cause childbirth to help expel the baby through the birth canal.
air pollution and harm the environment. It also  (1 × 3 Marks)
contributes to the green house effect and climate The embryo receives nourishment inside the mother's
change. Therefore, burning plastic is not an body through the placenta, which develops in the uterus
eco-friendly method of waste disposal. (1 Mark) during pregnancy. Placenta contains villi on the embryo's
Rakesh's method of separating biodegradable waste side of the tissue. On the mother 's side are blood spaces,
(left over food and fruit peels) from non-biodegradable which surround the villi. This provides a large surface area
waste (plastic) was the excellent choice because this for glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to the
practice will help easy disposal and treatment of embryo. The developing embryo will also generate waste
waste. Plastic waste would go for recycling while substances which can be removed by transferring them
left over food and fruit peel waste would go for the into the mother's blood through placenta. (2 Marks)
creation of a compost. (1 Mark)
(b) To contribute to maintaining the parks and roads neat 21. Human beings typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
and clean, we can follow these steps: (1 Mark)
• Dispose off waste in designated bins. Out of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human being, one
• Avoid littering. pair is the sex chromosomes. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2015 (DELHI Term-II) 133

 Females have two X chromosomes (XX), and males have 3 × 108
one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The presence or v=
A = 1.5 × 108 m/s  (1½ Marks)
2
absence of the Y chromosome determines the biological
23. Magnified erect image of the object, here the object is
sex of an individual. (1 Mark)
placed between O and F1
Parents: Father Mother A′
XY XX P

Gametes: X Y X X
A
O F2 2F2
Zygote
B′ 2F1 F1 B C2
formed
after fusion XX C1
XX XY XY
of gametes Female Female Male Male
↓ 50% probability 50% probability Q
offspring of a female child of a male child  (1½ Marks)
(1 Mark)  agnified inverted image of the object, here the object is
M
placed between F1 and 2F1
As depicted in the flow chart, the sex of a newborn child
A P
is determined by the random fusion of sperm and egg
during fertilization, which results in the formation of an C1 F2 2F2 B′
O
XX or XY zygote. During fertilization, the sperm carries
2F1 B F1 C2
either an X or a Y chromosome, determining the sex of
the offspring. If the sperm carries an X chromosome, the
Q
resulting zygote will be XX (female). If the sperm carries
a Y chromosome, the resulting zygote will be XY (male). A′ (1½ Marks)
Apply the lens formula:
(1 Mark)
1 1 1 1 1 1
22. (a) The two laws of refraction of light are: = − ⇒ = +
f v u v f u
(i) The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at Substitute the given value with sign conventions in the
the point of incidence are all coplanar. (½ Mark) above equation:
(ii) At a point in a medium the ratio of sine of angle 1 1 1 3 20
of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is =− − =− ⇒ v= − = − 6.6 cm  (2 Marks)
v 10 20 20 3
constant.  (½ Mark)
24. Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a condition
The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the where the human eye can see nearby objects clearly but
speed of light in a provided medium is termed as struggles to focus on distant objects. (1 Mark)
the absolute refractive index.
Causes:
Speed of light in vacuum
Refractive index = Increase in eyeball length: The distance between the retina
Speed of light in medium and the eye lens becomes greater, leading to focusing
c issues with distant objects.
n =  (1 Mark)
v Decrease in eye lens focal length: The ciliary muscles
(b) (i) Now, to calculate the speed of light in vacuum holding the eye lens may not fully relax, causing tension
use the formula of refractive index: and altering the lens shape. (½ Mark)
c Correction:
nB = ⇒ c = nB × vB This defect can be corrected by using a concave lens of
vB
Now, substitute the values in the above equation: suitable focal length. So, a man suffering from this defect
c = 1.5 × 2 ×108 = 3 ×108 m/s (1½ Marks) wears spectacles having concave lens of suitable focal
length. The concave lens diverges the rays of light entering
(ii) Use the same formula to calculate the speed of the eye from infinity.
light in medium ‘A’:
Focal length of concave lens used for correcting the
c c myopic eye is equal to distance of far point of the myopic
nA = ⇒ vA =
vA nA eye. (½ Mark)

134
134 SCIENCE
 (i) Since the object distance is at infinity. Therefore:
1
= 0= and f v
Rays from infinity u
I
The student should know the image distance to find
the focal length of the lens. (1 Mark)
Distant vision of myopic eye 32. (c) The experiment conducted by student R demonstrates
a systematic approach, and the relation behind it can
be explained by applying Snell's law.
O I As per the Snell’s Law:
μair⋅sin(i) = μg⋅sin(r)
(1)⋅sin(i)=(1.5)⋅sin(r)
Far point of a myopic eye sin(40)
 (2 Marks) sin(r) = ⇒ (r) = sin–1 0.42 ⇒ r ≈25° (1 Mark)
1.5
(ii)
33. (b)  ∠i is the angle of incidence and ∠e is the angle of
emergence. (1 Mark)
O′ I 34. Two observations are:
(i) Brisk effervescence (½ Mark)
x
(ii) Evolution of colourless and odorless gas (½ Mark)
Correction for myopia The chemical reaction is:
 (1 Mark) CH3COOH (aq) + NaHCO3(s) → CH3COONa (aq) +
25. (a) The formation of clear transparent solution will take H2O(l) + CO2(g) (1 Mark)
place as acetic acid gets completely dissolved in 35. The type of asexual reproduction that involves the
distilled water. (1 Mark) formation of two individuals from a single parent and
26. (d) NaOH is a base and it gets readily dissolved in the loss of parental identity is called binary fission. This
water which results in the formation of an alkaline process is commonly seen in single-celled organisms,
solution. It will turn red litmus to blue. When NaOH such as bacteria and protozoa. In binary fission, the parent
is dissolved in water, a large amount of heat is evolved cell replicates its genetic material and divides into two
which means the beaker will appear hot when touched identical daughter cells. The initial stage of binary fission
from outside. (1 Mark) involves DNA replication and elongation of the cell. The
27. (c) Hard water contains chlorides, sulfates and final stage involves the separation of the two daughter
bicarbonates of Ca and Mg. So, according to this, cells, which become independent and genetically identical
option (c) is correct. (1 Mark) to the parent cell. (2 Marks)
Development of
28. (b) Gram seed embryos contain cotyledon, plumule and Elongation groove
radicle. (1 Mark) Nucleus of nucleus
Cotyledon Two daughter
cells
Parent Amoeba Division of
Plumule nucleus and
cytoplasm
Binary fission in Amoeba
Radicle 36. (a) When the student adjusts the position of the object
29. (d) Out of the Syllabus closer to the lens, the image moves farther away from
30. (c) Since the light rays originating from an infinite the lens. To achieve a clear image, the student should
distance are reflected by object 'X' and meet at a point adjust the position of the screen away from the lens.
situated 12 cm away, it can be concluded that object (½ Mark)
'X' is a concave mirror with a focal length of 12 cm. (b) Moving the object closer to the lens results in an
 (1 Mark) enlargement of the image. (½ Mark)
31. (b) Here, we are assuming the object distance as infinity. (c) If the object is positioned in close proximity to the
Now, apply the lens formula lens, it can be considered to be located between the
focal point and the optical centre. In such a scenario,
1 1 1
= − the resulting image is virtual, erect, and enlarged.
f v u  (1 Mark)

CBSE 2015 (DELHI Term-II) 135

 Outside DELHI Term-II
2015 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 90

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises two Sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) There is no choice in any of the questions.
(iv) All questions of Section A and all questions of Section B are to be attempted separately.
(v) Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section A are one mark questions. These are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(vi) Question numbers 4 to 6 in Section A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 7 to 18 in Section A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 19 to 24 in Section A are five marks questions. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(ix) Question numbers 25 to 33 in Section B are multiple choice questions based on practical skills. Each question is a
one mark question. You are to select one most appropriate response out of the four provided to you.
(x) Question numbers 34 to 36 in Section B are two marks questions based on practical skills. These are to be answered in
brief.

7. List two tests for experimentally distinguishing between

Section-A an alcohol and a carboxylic acid and describe how these
tests are performed. (3 Marks)
1. Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of
ethane.  (1 Mark) 8. Draw the electron-dot structure for ethyne. A mixture of
ethyne and oxygen is burnt for welding. In your opinion,
2. Name the life process of an organism that helps in the why cannot we use a mixture of ethyne and air for this
growth of its population.  (1 Mark) purpose? (3 Marks)
3. What will be the amount of energy available to the 9. Two elements ‘P’ and ‘Q’ belong to the same of the
organisms of the 2nd trophic level of a food chain, if the modern periodic table and are in Group-1 and Group-2
energy available at the first trophic level is 10,000 joules? respectively. Compare their following characteristics in
 (1 Mark) tabular form: [OS] (3 Marks)
4. The absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 4/3 (a) The number of electrons in their atoms
and 3/2 respectively. If the speed of light in glass is 2 × 108 (b) The sizes of their atoms
m/s, calculate the speed of light in (i) vacuum, (ii) water. (c) Their metallic characters
 (2 Marks) (d) Their tendencies to lose electrons
5. List two main causes of the pollution of water of the (e) The formula of their oxides
river Ganga. State how pollution and contamination of (f ) The formula of their chlorides
river water prove harmful for the health of the people of 10. Taking the example of an element of atomic number 16,
neighbouring areas. [OS] (2 Marks) explain how the electronic configuration of the atom of an
6. What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an element relates to its position in the modern periodic table
area is not preserved? Mention one effect of it. and how valency of element is calculated on the basis of
 [OS] (2 Marks) its atomic number. [OS] (3 Marks)
11. List six specific characteristic of sexual reproduction. each lens. Which of the two lenses will form a virtual and
 (3 Marks) magnified image of an object placed 8 cm from the lens?
12. What are chromosomes? Explain how in sexually Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. (5 Marks)
reproducing organisms the number of chromosomes in the 23. One half of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm is covered
progeny is maintained. (3 Marks) with a black paper. Can such a lens produce an image of
13. List four points of significance of reproductive health a complete object placed at a distance of 30 cm from the
in a society. Name any two areas related to reproductive lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
health which have improved over the past 50 years in our A 4 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal
country. (3 Marks) axis of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The distance of
14. Explain with an example for each, how the following the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position
provides evidence in favour of evolution in organisms: and size of the image. (5 Marks)
 [OS] (3 Marks) 24. Write the importance of ciliary muscles in the human eye.
(a) Homologous organs (b) Analogous organs Name the defect of vision that arises due to gradual of the
(c) Fossils ciliary muscles in old age. What type of lenses are required
15. Explain the following: [OS] (3 Marks) by the persons suffering from this defect to see the objects
(a) Speciation (b) Natural Selection clearly?
Akshay, sitting in the last row in his class, could not see
16. If the image formed by a mirror for all positions of the
clearly the words written on the blackboard. When the
object placed in front of it is always erect and diminished,
what type of mirror is it? Draw a ray diagram to justify teacher noticed it, he announced if any student sitting in
your answer. Where and why do we generally use this type the front row could volunteer to exchange his seat with
of mirror? (3 Marks) Akshay. Salman immediately agreed to exchange his seat
with Akshay. He could now see the words written on the
17. (i) What is meant by scattering of light? blackboard clearly. The teacher thought it fit to send the
(ii) Use this phenomenon to explain why the clear sky message to Akshay’s parents advising them to get his
appears blue eyesight checked.
(iii) the sun appears reddish at sunrise. In the context of the above event, answer the following
 [OS] (1 + 1 + 1 Marks) questions: (5 Marks)
18. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable (a) Which defect of vision is Akshay suffering from?
substances with the help of one example each. List two Which type of lens is used to correct this defect?
changes in habit that people must adopt to dispose non- (b) State the values displayed by the teacher and Salman.
biodegradable waste, for saving the environment. (3 Marks) (c) In your opinion, in what way can Akshay express his
19. Both soap and detergent are some type of salts. What gratitude towards the teacher and Salman?
is the difference between them? Describe in brief the
cleansing action of soap. Why do soaps not form lather in Section-B
hard water? List two problems that arise due to the use of
detergents instead of soaps. (5 Marks) 25. What do we observe on pouring acetic acid on red and blue
20. (a) Name the human male reproductive organ that litmus papers? (1 Mark)
produces sperms and also secretes a hormone. Write (a) Red litmus remains red and blue litmus turns red.
the functions of the secreted hormone. (b) Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus remains blue.
(b) Name the parts of the human female reproductive
(c) Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus turns red.
system where
(i) fertilisation takes place, (d) Red litmus becomes colourless and blue litmus
(ii) implantation of the fertilised egg occurs. remains blue.
Explain how the embryo gets nourishment inside the 26. While preparing soap a small quantity of common salt is
mother’s body. (5 Marks) generally added to the reaction mixture of vegetable oil
21. How do Mendel’s experiments show that the (5 Marks) and sodium hydroxide. White one of the following may be
(a) traits may be dominant or recessive, the purpose of adding common salt? (1 Mark)
(b) traits are inherited independently? (a) To reduce the basic nature of the soap
22. What is meant by power of a lens? Define its S.I. unit. (b) To make the soap neutral
You have two lenses A and B of focal lengths +10 cm (c) To enhance the cleansing power of the soap
and –10 cm respectively. State the nature and power of (d) To favour the precipitation of the soap

CBSE 2015 (Outside DELHI Term-II) 137

27. A student takes about 4 mL of distilled water in four test X
tubes marked P, Q, R and S. He then dissolved in each test S
tube an equal amount of one salt in one test tube, namely
sodium sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q, calcium
sulphate in R and magnesium sulphate in S. After that he
adds an equal amount of soap solution in each test tube.
On shaking each of these test tubes well, he observes a 8 cm
(a) The device is a concave lens of focal length 8 cm.
good amount of lather (foam) in the test tubes marked
(b) This device is a convex mirror of focal length 8 cm.
 (1 Mark)
(c) This device is a convex lens of focal length 4 cm.
(a) P and Q (b) Q and R (d) This device is a convex lens of focal length 8 cm
(c) P, Q and S (d) P, R and S 32. A student traces the path of a ray of light through a
28. A student was asked to observe and identify the various rectangular glass slab for the different values of angles
parts of an embryo of a red kidney bean seed. He identified of incidence. He observes all possible precautions at each
the parts and listed them as under: (1 Mark) step of the experiment. At the end of the experiment,
I. Tegmen II. Testa on analysing the measurements, which of the following
III. Cotyledon IV. Radicle conclusions is he likely to draw? (1 Mark)
V. Plumule (a) ∠i = ∠e < ∠r (b) ∠i < ∠e < ∠r
(c) ∠i > ∠e > ∠r (d) ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
The correctly identified parts among these are
(a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV 33. A student traces the path of a ray of light through a
(c) III, IV and V (d) I, III, IV and V triangular glass prism for different values of angle of
incidence. On analysing the ray diagrams, which one of
29. Given below is the list of vegetables available in the the following conclusions is he likely to draw? (1 Mark)
market. Select from these the two vegetables having (a) The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray.
homologous structures: [OS] (1 Mark) (b) The emergent ray bends at an angle to the direction of
Potato, sweet potato, ginger, radish, tomato, carrot, okra the incident ray.
(Lady’s finger) (c) The emergent ray and the refracted ray are at right
(a) Potato and sweet potato (b) Radish and carrot angles to each other.
(d) The emergent ray is perpendicular to the incident ray.
(c) Okra and sweet potato (d) Potato and tomato
34. When you add sodium hydrogen carbonate to acetic acid
30. A student obtains a sharp image of the distant window (W)
in a test tube, a gas liberates immediately with a brisk
of the school laboratory on the screen (S) using the given
effervescence. Name this gas. Describe the method of
concave mirror (M) to determine its focal length. Which of testing this gas. (2 Marks)
the following distance should he measure to get the focal
length of the mirror? (1 Mark) 35. Students were asked to observe the permanent slides
W showing different stages of budding in yeast under high
M power of a microscope.
S (a) Which adjustment screw (coarse/fine) were you asked
to move focus the slides?
(b) Draw three diagrams in correct sequence showing
budding in yeast. (2 Marks)
36. A 4 cm tall object is placed on the principal axis of a
W S M convex lens. The distance of the object from the optical
(a) MW (b) MS centre of the lens is 12 cm and its sharp image is formed
(c) SW (d) MW – MS at a distance of 24 cm from it on a screen on the other side
of the lens. If the object is now moved a little away from
31. A student used a device (X) to obtain/focus the image of a the lens, in which way (towards the lens or away from the
well illuminated distant building on a screen (S) as shown lens) will he have to move the screen to get a sharp image
below in the diagram. Select the correct statement about of the object on it again? How will the magnification of the
the device (X). (1 Mark) image be affected? (2 Marks)

138
138 SCIENCE
 EXPLANATIONS
1. The molecule of ethane (C2H6) has a total of seven covalent In pure oxygen, ethyne undergoes complete combustion,
bonds.  (1 Mark) and a high temperature suitable for welding can be
attained. (1 Mark)
2. Reproduction is vital for population growth, creating new
individuals within a species. It ensures species expansion However, air contains less percentage amount of oxygen
and continuity through asexual or sexual means.(1 Mark) which results in incomplete combustion of ethyne, and
the temperature required for welding is not attained. That
3. The energy available to second trophic level is 1,000 is why a mixture of ethyne and air cannot be used for
joules according to 10 percent law of energy transfer in welding. (1 Mark)
food chain. (1 Mark)
9. Out of the Syllabus
4. Absolute refractive index of glass
10. Out of the Syllabus
Speed of light in vacuum 4 c
= = = 11. The characteristics of sexual reproduction are:
Speed of light in medium ( glass ) 3 2 × 108
1. Involves the fusion of male and female gametes,
4 × 2 × 108 8 resulting in the formation of a zygote. (½ Mark)
c= = × 108 ( m / s )  (1 Mark)
3 3 2. Fusion of gametes from two different individuals
Now, results in offspring that have a unique combination of
Absolute refractive index of water genes, leading to increased genetic diversity.
8
× 108  (½ Mark)
Speed of light in vacuum 3 3
= = = 3. The production of gametes involves the process of
Speed of light in medium ( water ) 2 v
meiosis, which results in cells with half the number of
16
⇒v= × 108 ( m / s )  (1 Mark) chromosomes as the parent cell.  (½ Mark)
9
4. Requires the presence of both males and females, each
5. Out of the Syllabus of which produces gametes. (½ Mark)
6. Out of the Syllabus 5. Slower process than asexual reproduction, as it
7. Test 1 (Sodium Bicarbonate Test)(½ Mark) involves the formation and fusion of gametes.
To perform this test, a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate  (½ Mark)
or sodium bicarbonate is added, to both separately. If the 6. Due to genetic recombination during sexual
compound is a carboxylic acid, it will react with sodium reproduction, offspring may have different traits
bicarbonate to produce sodium acetate and carbon dioxide than their parents, leading to variation among the
gas, which will be observed as a brisk effervescence or population. (½ Mark)
bubbling. On the other hand, if the substance is alcohol, 12. Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA and proteins
there will be no reaction with the sodium bicarbonate and that carry an organism's genetic information in the form of
no effervescence will be observed. (1 Mark) genes.
Test 2 (Litmus Test)(½ Mark) In sexually reproducing organisms, the number of
Take two strips of blue litmus paper. Place a drop of chromosomes in the progeny is maintained through the
each of the alcohol and carboxylic acid on these strips process of meiosis. During meiosis, the chromosomes
separately. The blue litmus paper turns red in the case in a diploid parent cell are replicated and then divided
of carboxylic acid and remains unaffected in the case of twice, resulting in four haploid cells with half the
number of chromosomes as the parent cell. When two
alcohol. Alcohols are neutral, while carboxylic acids are
haploid gametes, one from each parent, combine during
acidic. This means that alcohols will not change the colour
fertilization, they form a diploid zygote with a complete
of blue litmus paper, while carboxylic acids will turn blue
set of chromosomes.  (1 + 2 Marks)
litmus paper red. (1 Mark)
13. The significance of reproductive health:
8. Electron-dot structure for Ethyne:
1. It promotes population control: Reproductive health
programs and services help to promote responsible
H C C H H C C H (1 Mark) and planned parenthood, which can contribute to
population control. (½ Mark)

CBSE 2015 (Outside DELHI Term-II) 139

 2. It prevents and treats reproductive disorders: During day, red light is not scattered as the light travels
Reproductive health services can help to prevent lesser distance and scattering of blue light by the
and treat reproductive disorders, such as sexually atmosphere makes it appear blue.  (1 Mark)
transmitted infections, infertility. (½ Mark)
(iii) Out of the Syllabus
3. It reduces maternal and infant mortality: Access to
quality reproductive health care can reduce maternal 18.  (½ Mark for each point)
and infant mortality rates by providing proper maternal
Biodegradable waste Non-Biodegradable waste
care, safe delivery services, and postpartum care.
 (½ Mark) Can be broken down Does not break down
by natural processes easily or at all by natural
4. It promotes gender equality: Reproductive health
and considered processes and considered
services can help to promote gender equality by
environmentally friendly harmful to the environment
empowering women to make informed decisions
about their reproductive health and family planning. Can be decomposed by Takes a long time to
 (½ Mark) bacteria, fungi, and other decompose
Improvement in India over the past 50 years: organisms
Maternal health– Can be used to create Can cause pollution, litter,
• More prenatal care, skilled attendants compost, which is a and damage to wildlife
valuable soil amendment
• Marked decrease in maternal mortality
Family planning– Examples includes Examples includes
• Use of contraceptives and increase awareness about organic matter such as materials such as plastics,
family planning food scraps, paper, and metals, glass, and synthetic
yard waste fibers
• Prevents unintended pregnancies, allows spacing.
 (½ + ½ Mark) To reduce the environmental impact of non-biodegradable
waste, individuals should adopt these habits:
14. Out of the Syllabus
Reduce Single-Use Plastics: Opt for reusable alternatives
15. Out of the Syllabus
like cloth bags, stainless steel straws, and eco-friendly
16. Convex mirror is used for creating images that are always containers to cut down the plastic waste. (½ Mark)
erect and diminished. (1 Mark)
Segregate and Recycle: Separate recyclable material
(paper, glass, plastic) from non-recyclable ones. Use local
recycling programs to reduce the need for new resources.
 (½ Mark)
Object 19. Difference between soap and detergent: Soaps are sodium
Image
or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.
F F C
 (½ Mark)
Whereas detergents are generally sodium salts of sulphonic
acids or ammonium salts with chlorides or bromides ions,
etc. (½ Mark)
 (1 Mark) Cleansing action of soap: Soap molecules have two ends
Convex mirrors are commonly employed as rearview - a hydrophilic (water-loving) end and a hydrophobic
mirrors in vehicles and as reflectors for streetlight bulbs (water-hating) end. When soap is mixed with water, the
and parking lots. (1 Mark) hydrophobic end of the soap molecule attaches itself to
17. (i)  When white light from sun enters the earth's dirt, oil, or grease on the surface, while the hydrophilic
atmosphere, the light gets scattered i.e., the light end attaches itself to water molecules. (1 Mark)
spreads in all directions by the dust particles, free
water molecules and the molecules of the gases This forms micelles, which are small clusters of soap
present in the atmosphere. This phenomenon is called molecules with the hydrophobic ends facing inwards and
scattering of light. (1 Mark) the hydrophilic ends facing outwards. The micelles trap
(ii) Due to atmospheric scattering, blue light is scattered the dirt, oil, or grease in their center, which can then be
the most while red light is scattered the least. washed away with water. (1 Mark)

140
140 SCIENCE
 also produces hormones that support pregnancy and
fetal growth. (2 Marks)
21. (a) 
Mendel's experiments showed that traits may be
dominant or recessive through his observations on the
inheritance of pea plant traits. He crossed pea plants
with contrasting traits, such as tall and short or yellow
and green, and observed the traits of the offspring.
In the first generation, he found that one trait dominated
over the other, such as tall plants dominating over
Soap does not form lather in hard water: Hard water short plants. However, in the second generation, he
contains high levels of dissolved minerals, such as calcium observed a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits,
and magnesium. When soap is mixed with hard water, indicating that the recessive trait had not disappeared
the calcium and magnesium ions react with the soap but had been passed on from the first generation. This
molecules to form insoluble precipitates, which are not demonstrated that traits may be dominant or recessive,
effective at cleaning. This reaction reduces the amount of with dominant traits masking the expression of
soap available for cleaning and prevents the formation of recessive traits. (2½ Marks)
lather. (1 Mark) (b) The law of independent assortment states that the
Two problems that arise due to the use of detergents inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the
instead of soaps: inheritance of another trait. Mendel demonstrated
1. Detergents are non-biodegradable and can accumulate this by crossing pea plants that differed in two traits
in the environment, causing pollution and are harmful (e.g., seed color and seed coat texture). He found that
for aquatic life. (½ Mark) the inheritance of each trait was independent of the
2.  Detergents contain synthetic compounds that may other, and that the alleles for each trait segregated
cause skin irritation or allergies in some people. independently during gamete formation. This means
 (½ Mark) that the traits are inherited independently of each
other. (2½ Marks)
20. (a) The testis is the male reproductive organ responsible
for producing sperm and secreting the hormone 22. (i) Power of a lens is defined as the ability of a lens
testosterone. Testosterone is a male sex hormone that to converge or diverge light and is defined as the
is essential for the development and maintenance of reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. Its SI unit is
male reproductive tissues, including the testis and Dioptre (D). (½ Mark)
prostate gland. It also promotes secondary sexual 1
characteristics such as the growth of facial hair, Power of a lens =  (½ Mark)
focal length of the lens
deepening of the voice, and increased muscle mass
and bone density. (1 Mark) (ii) Lens A has a positive focal length of +10 cm. Thus, it
Testosterone is involved in the regulation of sexual is a convex lens of nature and its power is +10 D. Lens
function, such as libido and erectile function, as well B has a negative focal length of –10 cm. Thus, it is a
as in the production of sperm. (1 Mark) concave lens of nature and its power is –10 D.
(b) (i) Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube.  (2 Marks)
 (½ Mark) (iii) Lens A (convex lens) will form a virtual and magnified
(ii) Implantation occurs in the endometrium layer of image of an object placed 8 cm from the lens as the
the uterus. (½ Mark) object is placed between the focus and the optical
During pregnancy, the developing embryo receives centre of the lens. (1 Mark)
nourishment through a specialized organ called the (iv) A′
placenta. The placenta develops in the uterus and M
connects the developing embryo to the uterine wall
of the mother. It facilitates the exchange of nutrients,
gases, and waste products between the mother and the A
O F2
developing embryo. Nutrients and oxygen from the
B′ F1 B 8 cm
mother's bloodstream diffuse across the placenta and
10 cm
into the fetal bloodstream, while waste products and
carbon dioxide pass from the fetal bloodstream to the
maternal bloodstream for elimination. The placenta (1 Mark)
N

CBSE 2015 (Outside DELHI Term-II) 141

23. (i) Yes. If a convex lens of focal length 10 cm is covered 25. (a) In general, acids turn blue litmus paper red, and bases
one half with a black paper, it can produce an image of turn red litmus paper blue.  (1 Mark)
the complete object between F2 and 2F2. The rays light 26. (d) The common salt helps to precipitate the soap out of
coming from the object get refracted by the upper half the solution, which makes it easier to separate from
of the lens. The image formed will be real, inverted the water.  (1 Mark)
and diminished.
27. (a) 
Sodium sulphate and potassium sulphate do not
contain calcium or magnesium ions, so they will not
form insoluble salts with the soap molecules. As a
F2 2F2
result, the student will observe a good amount of
Object 2F1 F1 O Image lather in test tubes P and Q.  (1 Mark)
28. (c) Embryo of kidney seeds have plumule, radicle and
30 cm
cotyledons. (1 Mark)
(2½ Marks) 29. (b) Out of the Syllabus
(ii) We have to find the nature, position and size of the 30. (b) The student should measure the distance between the
image. We have been given: mirror (M) and the screen (S) to get the focal length of
Height of object (h1) = 4 cm ; Focal length f = 20 cm; the mirror.  (1 Mark)
Object distance u = –15 cm
31. (d) Based on the diagram, it can be concluded that device
Now, apply the lens formula: X corresponds to a convex lens with a focal length of
1 1 1 1 1  1  8 cm. (1 Mark)
= − ⇒ = − 
f v u 20 v  −15  32. (d) Since the incident ray runs parallel to the emergent
1 1 1 1 1 ray, the angle of incidence (∠i) is equivalent to the
= − ⇒ = −
v 20 15 v 60 angle of emergence (∠e). Additionally, when a ray
Hence, v = – 60 cm transitions from a less dense medium (such as air)
Since the image distance has a negative value, the to a denser medium (like a glass slab), it undergoes
resulting image will be virtual, upright, and must be refraction and slightly deviates towards the normal.
situated in the direction of the object. This means that the angle of refraction (∠r) is smaller
Now, to find out the size of the image apply the than the angle of incidence (∠i). (1 Mark)
formula for magnification: 33. (b) When light passes through a prism, the incident ray
height of the image v and the emergent ray follow distinct paths. Upon
= magnification = refraction, the emergent ray deviates at an angle
height of the object u
from the incident ray, which is known as the angle of
v deviation. Therefore, the accurate statement would be
height of the image (h2) = × height of the object (h1)
u “The emergent ray bends at an angle to the direction
Now, substitute the values in the above equation of the incident ray.” (1 Mark)
− 60 34. The gas that liberates immediately with a brisk
h2 = × 4 = 4 × 4 = 16 cm
− 15 effervescence is carbon dioxide gas (CO2).
Therefore, the size of the image is +16 cm. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa(s) + H2O + CO2(g)
 (2½ Marks)  (1 Mark)
Method of testing this gas:
24. The eye’s ciliary muscles adjust the curvature of the lens,
Limewater Test- In this test, we pass the gas through a
allowing the eye to focus on objects at different distances. In
solution of limewater (calcium hydroxide) in a test
old age, the gradual weakening of these muscles results in a tube. If carbon dioxide gas is present, it will react with
vision problem known as presbyopia, which can be rectified the limewater to form a white precipitate of calcium
with a bifocal lens of appropriate strength. (1 Mark) carbonate, which will make the limewater solution milky.
(a) Akshay experiences myopia or nearsightedness, The chemical equation for this reaction is:
which can be corrected using a concave lens of CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)  (1 Mark)
suitable power. (2 Marks)
(b) The values displayed are empathy and compassion. 35. (a) When observing permanent slides showing different
 (1 Mark) stages of budding in yeast under high power of a
(c) Show appreciation to the teacher and Salman by microscope, students are typically instructed to use
expressing gratitude. (1 Mark) the fine adjustment screw to focus the slides. The

142
142 SCIENCE
 fine adjustment screw allows for small and precise 36. (i) We have been given:
adjustments in the focus of the microscope, which is Object distance (u) = – 12 cm ; Image distance (v) = 24 cm
necessary to view the intricate details of the yeast cells
Apply the lens formula and substitute the given values:
during budding. In contrast, the coarse adjustment
screw is used for larger adjustments in focus when 1 1 1 1 1  1 
= − ⇒ = − 
first viewing a slide at low power. Once the slide is f v u f 24  −12 
in focus at low power, the fine adjustment screw can 1 1
= ⇒ f = 8 (½ Mark)
be used to make small adjustments in focus at higher f 8
magnifications. Overall, using the correct adjustment To accommodate the movement of the object away
screw is important for obtaining a clear and detailed from the lens, it becomes necessary to shift the screen
view of the yeast cells during budding. (1 Mark) closer to the lens. (½ Mark)
(b) Daughter
Consequently, according to the lens formula, the

Nucleus nuclei Bud image distance is decreased.
Movement of
Bud formation nucleus (ii) The formula for magnification is given by:
Mitosis into the bud v
m=
Vacuole u
Daughter  his implies that if the image distance increases, the
T
Bud with yeast magnification also increases, and vice versa.
nucleus
 (½ Mark)
Parent I n the given scenario, as the image distance decreases,
yeast the magnification is consequently reduced.
Budding in yeast cells  (1 Mark)  (½ Mark)

CBSE 2015 (Outside DELHI Term-II) 143

 Term-I
2015 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The Question Paper comprises two Sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the Sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) There is no choice in any of the questions.
(iv) All questions of Section A and all questions of Section B are to be attempted separately.
(v) Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section A are one mark questions. These are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(vi) Question numbers 4 to 6 in Section A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 7 to 18 in Section A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 19 to 24 in Section A are five marks questions, these are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(ix) Question numbers 25 to 33 in Section B are multiple choice questions based on practical skills. Each question is a
one mark question. You are to select one most appropriate response out of the four provided to you.
(x) Question numbers 34 to 36 in Section B are two marks questions based on practical skills. These are to be answered in
brief.

(ii) A metal sulphide is converted into its oxide to extract

Section-A the metal from the sulphide ore.
1. Name the two components of peripheral nervous system. (iii) Copper wires are used in electrical connections
 (1 Mark) 8. Select (i) combination reaction, (ii) decomposition
2. A charge of 150 coulomb flows through a wire in one reaction and (iii) displacement reaction from the following
minute. Find the electric current flowing through it. chemical equations: (3 Marks)
(1 Mark) (i) ZnCO3(s) → ZnO(s) + CO2(g)
3. What are hot spots inside earth's crust? [OS] (1 Mark) (ii) Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s)
4. Explain why, an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate is (iii) NaBr(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgBr(s) + NaNO3(aq)
neutral while an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is (iv) H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
basic in nature. (2 Marks)
(v) Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe
5. When hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper (II)
(vi) 3H2(g) + N2(g) → 2NH3(g)
oxide, copper and steam are formed. Write the balanced Heat
chemical equation for this reaction and state (i) the (vii) CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
substance oxidized and (ii) the substance reduced in the 9. State reason for the following: (3 Marks)
reaction. (2 Marks) (i) dry HCl gas does not change the colour of the dry blue
6. Why do herbivores have longer, small intestine than litmus paper.
carnivores? (2 Marks) (ii) alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen, but do not
7. State reason for the following: (3 Marks) conduct electricity.
(i) Lemon is used for restoring the shine of tarnished (iii) Conc. of H3O+ ion is affected when a solution of an
copper vessels. acid is diluted.
 10. State the kind of chemical reactions in the following (iv) Egg shells are dropped in hydrochloric acid.
examples: (3 Marks) (v) Copper (II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(i) Digestion of food in stomach 21. (a) Write three main functions of the nervous system.
(ii) Combustion of coal in air (b) In the absence of muscle cells, how do plant cells
(iii) Heating of limestone show movement ? (5 Marks)
11. The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much faster 22. (a) Draw magnetic field lines of a bar magnet. "Two
than that seen in terrestrial organisms. Give reason. State magnetic field lines never intersect each other." Why?
the pathway of air from nostrils to the lungs in human (b) An electric oven of 1.5 kW is operated in a domestic
beings. (3 Marks) circuit (220 V) that has a current rating of 5 A. What
12. Mention three characteristic features of hormonal result do you expect in this case? Explain. (5 Marks)
secretions in human beings. (3 Marks) 23. What is meant by resistance of a conductor? Name and
13. (a) State the purpose of formation of urine. define its SI unit. List the factors on which the resistance
(b) What will happen if there is no tubular reabsorption in of a conductor depends. How is the resistance of a wire
the nephrons of kidney? (3 Marks) affected if: (5 Marks)
14. A circuit has a line of 5 A. How many lamps of rating 40 (i) Its length is doubled,
W: 220 V can simultaneously run on this line safely? (ii) Its radius is doubled?
(3 Marks) 24. (i) Establish a relationship to determine the equivalent
15. The resistance of a wire of 0.01 cm radius is 10W. If the resistance R of a combination of three resistors having
resistivity of the material of the wire is 50 × 10–8 ohm resistances R1 R2 and R3 connected in parallel.
meter, find the length of the wire. (3 Marks) (ii) Three resistors are connected in an electrical circuit as
16. Show four different ways in which four resistors of r ohm shown. Calculate the resistance between A and B.
each may be connected in a circuit. In which case is the (5 Marks)
equivalent resistance of the combination. (3 Marks)
a b c
(i) Maximum; (ii) Minimum?
17. Amit lives in Delhi and is much concerned about the 4 4 B
A
increasing electricity bill of his house. He took some steps
to save electricity and succeeded in doing so. (3 Marks) d 8 e
(i) Mention any two steps that Amit might have taken to
save electricity.
(ii) Amit fulfilled his duty towards the environment by Section-B
saving electricity How?
25. Four students studied reactions of zinc and sodium
(iii) Which alternative source of energy would you suggest carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sodium
Amit to use? hydroxide solutions and presented their results as follows.
18. List any three qualities of an ideal source of energy. The (↑) shows evolution of gas and (–) shows no reaction.
 [OS] (3 Marks) The right set is: (1 Mark)
19. (a) Define corrosion. (5 Marks) (a) Zn Na CO2 3
(b) What is corrosion of iron called? HCl Ö Ö
(c) How will you recognise the corrosion of silver? NaOH Ö Ö
(d) Why corrosion of iron is a serious problem?
(b) Zn Na2CO3
(e) How can we prevent corrosion?
20. Write balanced chemical equations for the following HCl – Ö
statements: (5 Marks) NaOH Ö Ö
(i) NaOH solution is heated with zinc granules.
(c) Zn Na2CO3
(ii) Excess of carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime
water. HCl Ö Ö
(iii) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium carbonate. NaOH Ö –

CBSE 2015 (Term-I) 145

 (d) Zn Na2CO3 (a) Incorrect reading for current I and correct reading for
voltage V
HCl Ö –
(b) Incorrect readings for both current I and voltage V
NaOH Ö Ö (c) Correct reading for current I and incorrect reading for
26. Dilute NaOH solution and solid sodium carbonate: voltage V
(1 Mark) (d) Correct readings for both voltage V and Current I
(a) React only on heating (b) React very slowly 31. A student joined three resistances as shown in the circuit
(c) Do not react (d) React vigorously below. The current recorded by ammeter (A) is: (1 Mark)
27. The colour of Cu metal is: (1 Mark) + V –

(a) Reddish brown (b) Blue 20

A B
(c) Green (d) Grey
28. Shashank was asked to carry out a displacement reaction

30




30
which would show the following: (1 Mark)
(i) Formation of colourless solution
(ii) Black deposits 7.5V
The reactants he should use are: (a) 0.25 A (b) 0.5 A
(a) Fe(s) and Al2(SO4)3(aq) (c) 0.75 A (d) 1 A
(b) Al(s) and FeSO4(aq) 32. The iodine solution is: (1 Mark)
(c) Zn(s) and CuSO4(aq) (a) Pure iodine dissolved in water
(b) Potassium iodide in water
(d) Fe(s) and ZnSO4(aq)
(c) Iodine dissolved in potassium iodide
29. Mrignayani was doing the experiment of comparing (d) Potassium iodide dissolved in iodide
reactivity of metals in the laboratory. She was given
33.
aluminium metal and was told to check reactivity by using
four solutions as shown below. She would observe that Rubber
cork
reaction takes place in: (1 Mark) (A)
KOH
solution (B)

water water
(A) Al2 (SO4)3 (B) FeSO4
Germinating seeds

Rubber
Al Al Cotton KOH cork KOH
plug solution solution
(C) (D)

(C) ZnSO4 (D) CuSO4 Germinating seeds water

Germinating seeds water
Choose the correct set-up to o demonstrate that CO2 is
Al Al given out during respiration : (1 Mark)
(a) A and B (b) B, C and D (a) A (b) B
(c) A, C and D (d) C and D (c) C (d) D
30. In an experiment to find the equivalent resistance of a 34. An iron nail is dipped in the solution of copper sulphate
series combination of two resistance of 3W and 4W in the for about 30 minutes, state the change in colour observed.
circuit diagram given. The circuit will give: (1 Mark) Give the reason for the change. (2 Marks)
V
35. A student while verifying Ohm's law calculated the value
of resistance of the resistor for each set of observation.
A However. the values of resistance were slightly different
from the actual value. Is his experiment Wrong? Justify
your answer. (2 Marks)
36. Draw a labelled diagram of stomatal apparatus with closed
stomatal pore. (2 Marks)

146 SCIENCE
 EXPLANATIONS
1. The two components of the peripheral nervous system are: to its sulphides. The metal sulphide is first roasted
Somatic nervous system (½ Mark) in the presence of excess air to convert it into metal
oxide and sulfur dioxide gas. The metal oxide is then
Autonomic nervous system (½ Mark)
reduced to obtain the pure metal. (1 Mark)
2. The electric current flowing through the wire is given by
(iii) 
Copper wires are used in electrical connections
the formula:
because copper is a good conductor of electricity. It
Charge has low resistance, which means that electric current
Current =
Time can flow through it easily. (1 Mark)
Substituting the given values, we get:
8. (i) ZnCO3(s) → ZnO(s) + CO2(g) - Decomposition
150 C Reaction (½ Mark)
Current = = 2.5 A
60 s (ii) Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s)
Therefore, the electric current flowing through the wire
 - Displacement Reaction (½ Mark)
is 2.5 A. (1 Mark)
(iii) NaBr(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgBr(s) + NaNO3(aq)
3. Out of the Syllabus
 - Double Displacement Reaction
4. An aqueous solution of sodium sulphate is neutral because (½ Mark)
it is a salt of a strong acid (sulphuric acid) and a strong base
(iv) H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
(sodium hydroxide). When this salt is dissolved in water,
it dissociates completely into sodium and sulphate ions,  - Combination Reaction (½ Mark)
which do not exhibit acidic or basic properties. (1 Mark) (v) Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe
On the other hand, when sodium carbonate is dissolved in  - Displacement Reaction
water, it is hydrolyzed to some extent and forms sodium (vi) 3H2(g) + N2(g) → 2NH3(g) - Combination Reaction
hydroxide and carbonic acid. Sodium hydroxide is a strong Heat CaO(s) + CO (g)
(vii) CaCO3(s) → 2
base. Carbonic acid, on the other hand, is a weak acid. As
 - Decomposition Reaction (1 Mark)
a result, the mixture contains more hydroxide ions than
hydrogen ions, making it basic in nature. (1 Mark) 9. (i) Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue
litmus paper because HCl gas does not have any
5. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction when
H+ions in it. As the blue litmus paper only changes its
hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper (II) oxide is:
Reduction colour in the presence of H+ions, it remains unaffected
by dry HCl gas. (1 Mark)
Heat Cu(s) + H O(g)
CuO(s) + H2(g) → 2 (ii) Alcohol and glucose contain hydrogen but do not
Oxidation  (1 Mark) conduct electricity because they do not have free
In this reaction, copper (II) oxide is reduced to copper, electrons or ions to conduct electricity. The hydrogen
while hydrogen gas is oxidized to water.  (1 Mark) atoms in these compounds are covalently bonded to
6. Herbivores have longer small intestines than carnivores other atoms and do not ionize in water to form H+ions
due to their plant-based diet. The longer small intestine and free electrons, which are required for electrical
provides more time for the breakdown of cellulose and conductivity. (1 Mark)
other complex carbohydrates in the plant matter and more (iii) The concentration of H3O+ ions in a solution of acid
surface area for the absorption of nutrients. (2 Marks) decreases when it is diluted because dilution increases
7. (i) Lemon is used for restoring the shine of tarnished the volume of the solution and thus decreases the
copper vessels because it contains citric acid, which is number of H+ ions per unit volume. (1 Mark)
a weak acid. Citric acid reacts with the green-coloured 10. (i) Digestion of food in the stomach: During digestion,
basic copper carbonate that forms on the surface of the hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes in the
tarnished copper vessels, dissolving it and reveals the stomach break down complex food molecules into
shiny copper underneath. (1 Mark) simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
(ii) A metal sulphide is converted into its oxide to extract This process involves the breaking down of large
the metal from the sulphide ore because it is easier food molecules into smaller molecules, which is a
to obtain pure metal from its oxide, as compared characteristic of decomposition reactions. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2015 (Term-I) 147

 (ii) C ombustion of coal in the air: In the case of coal Power = Voltage × Current
combustion, the coal reacts with oxygen to produce Rearranging the formula, we can find the current required
carbon dioxide. This reaction is combination reaction to safely run a single lamp:
which proceeds via the release of heat which means it Power 40W
will be exothermic in nature. (1 Mark) Current = = = 0.18 A (1 Mark)
Voltage 220V
(iii) Heating of limestone: This is a thermal decomposition To find the number of lamps that can safely run on a line
reaction. In a thermal decomposition reaction, a of 5 A, we divide the maximum current by the current
compound breaks down into simpler substances when required for each lamp:
heated. In the case of limestone, the limestone breaks 5A
down into calcium oxide (Quick lime) and carbon Number of lamps = = 27.77 (1 Mark)
0.18A
dioxide when heated. This reaction is a combination Since we cannot have a fractional number of lamps, we
reaction. Which proceeds via the emission of heat can safely run 27 lamps of rating 40 W: 220 V on this line.
which means it will be exothermic in nature. (1 Mark)  (1 Mark)
11. The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much faster 15. Given,
than that seen in terrestrial organisms because water Resistance of a wire, R = 10 Ω
contains less oxygen than air. Aquatic organisms must Radius of wire, r = 0.01 cm = 0.01 ×10–2 m
breathe more rapidly to extract enough oxygen from Resistivity, r = 50 × 10–8 Ω meter
the water to support their metabolic needs. In contrast,
The resistance of the wire is given by the formula:
terrestrial organisms can extract more oxygen from the air
ρ× l
with each breath due to the higher concentration of oxygen Resistance = …(i) (1 Mark)
in the air.  (2 Marks) A
The pathway of air from the nostrils to the lungs in human The area of the wire is given by the formula:
beings:- Area = p ×(radius)2
Nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea → alveoli/lungs. Area = 3.14 × (0.01 ×10–2 m)2 = 3.14 ×10–8 m2 (1 Mark)
 (1 Mark) Substituting all these values in the equation (i), we get:
50 × 10−8 × l
12. Characteristic features of hormonal secretions in human 10 =
beings. 3.14 × 10−8
1. Hormonal secretions in human beings are l = 0.628 m
organ-specific and work on specific targets.(1 Mark) Therefore, the length of the wire is 0.628 m. (1 Mark)
2. They cause chemical changes at the target site, which 16. Four resistors of r ohm each can be connected in a circuit
can affect a wide range of physiological processes. in the following ways:
 (1 Mark) (a) Series Connection:
3. Hormonal secretions are secreted into the bloodstream r r r r
by the endocrine glands and are transported to their X Y
target tissues. (1 Mark) Equivalent Resistance = r + r + r + r = 4r (½ Mark)
13. (a) The purpose of the formation of urine is to remove (b) Parallel Connection:
r
waste products from the body. Urine is produced by the
kidneys and contains excess water, electrolytes, and r
metabolic waste products such as urea and creatinine. r
X Y
The process of urine formation helps to maintain the r
balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body, as well
as regulate the pH of the blood. (1½ Marks) 1 1 1 1 1 4
=  + + +  =
(b) If there is no tubular reabsorption in the nephrons of R r r r r r
the kidney, then all the essential substances such as Equivalent Resistance, R = r/4 (½ Mark)
glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes will be excreted (c) Combination of Series and Parallel Connection:
along with the urine. This would result in a significant r r
loss of these essential substances from the body, P Q
leading to a disturbance in the balance of fluids and
r r
electrolytes in the body. (1½ Marks) A B
14. Given,
Power of each lamp = 40 W
Voltage = 220 V Resistance (PQ) = R1 = r + r = 2r

148 SCIENCE
 Resistance (AB) = R2 = r + r = 2r (d) Corrosion of iron is a serious problem because it can
1 1 1 1 1 1 weaken and eventually destroy iron objects. This can
= + = + = lead to structural failures, such as the collapse of
R R1 R2 2r 2r r
bridges or buildings. Corrosion can also be costly, as it
Equivalent Resistance, R = r (½ Mark) requires repairs or replacements of damaged objects.
(d) Combination of Parallel and Series Connection:  (1 Mark)
P r r r
Q (e) Methods to prevent corrosion are: It can be prevented
r by painting, oiling, greasing, galvanising, chrome
A B plating, anodizing or making alloys. (1 Mark)
20. (i) NaOH solution is heated with zinc granules:
Resistance (PQ) = R1 = r + r + r = 3r D Na ZnO (aq) + H (g)
2NaOH (aq) + Zn (s) →
Resistance (AB) =R2 = r Sodium Zinc
2 2
Sodium
2
Hydrogen
1 1 1 1 1 4 hydroxide zincate
= + = + =
R R1 R2 3r r 3r  (1 Mark)
(ii) Excess of carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime
3r
Equivalent Resistance, R =  (½ Mark) water:
4 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
The equivalent resistance of the combination is Lime water Calcium
carbonate
(i) Maximum in the series connection (circuit a).
(white ppt.)  (1 Mark)
(ii) Minimum in the parallel connection (circuit b). (iii) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium carbonate:
 (1 Mark) H2SO4 (dil.) + Na2CO3(s) → Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
17. (i)  Amit can conserve electricity by utilizing energy- Sodium Sodium
efficient electrical appliances. Replacing traditional carbonate sulphate
filament electric bulbs with CFL bulbs and tube lights  (1 Mark)
can help in achieving this. Furthermore, he can opt for (iv) Egg shells are dropped in hydrochloric acid:
a solar water heater instead of an electrical geyser. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
 (1 Mark) Calcium Calcium
carbonate chloride  (1 Mark)
(ii) Through his efforts in saving electricity, Amit plays
a part in mitigating environmental degradation. Most (v) Copper (II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:
electrical appliances rely on electricity generated CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O
Copper (II) Copper (II)
from fossil fuels, leading to air pollution. Similarly, oxide chloride  (1 Mark)
hydroelectricity production causes ecological
imbalances. By reducing his electricity consumption, 21. (a) The main functions of the nervous system are:
1. Sensory input: Detect changes in the internal and
he indirectly contributes to a decrease in pollution.
external environment of the body. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
2.  Integration: Process and interpret the sensory
(iii) Moreover, he can make use of solar energy devices information to generate appropriate responses.
like solar cookers, solar water heaters, and solar cells.  (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) 3. Motor output: Send signals to muscles and glands
18. Out of the Syllabus to produce a response. (1 Mark)
(b) In the absence of muscle cells, plants show movement
19. (a) Corrosion: It is the gradual destruction of a metal through two types of movements - nastic and tropic
by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its movements.
environment. It is a natural process that occurs over 1. Nastic movement: Nastic movement is achieved
time, and it can be accelerated by factors such as by changing the amount of water present in
moisture, oxygen, and acids. (1 Mark) the cells of the plant. For example, the diurnal
(b) The corrosion of iron is called rusting. Rust is a movement of leaves and the response of
reddish-brown flaky substance that forms on the insectivorous plants to prey. (1 Mark)
surface of iron when it is exposed to moisture and 2. Tropic movement: Tropic movement is achieved
oxygen. (1 Mark) by the action of different hormones in plants.
(c) The corrosion of silver is recognized by the formation For example, phototropism is achieved by the
of a black coating on its surface. The black coating is hormone auxin, while the wilting of leaves is done
formed due to the reaction of silver with hydrogen by the abscisic acid hormone. Growth of the fruits
sulphide gas present in the air. (1 Mark) and seeds is achieved by cytokinin. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2015 (Term-I) 149

22. (a) 1 1
R ∝ ∝  ∴ A = πr2
A πr 2
S N If r′ = 2r, A′ = 4A
1
R′ = R
(1 Mark) 4
Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other Hence, If the radius of a wire is doubled, its
because if they do, it would mean that at the point resistance reduces to one-fourth of its original
of intersection, the direction and magnitude of the value. (2 Marks)
magnetic field are different, which is not possible.
24. (i) Consider the following parallel circuit shown below:
 (1 Mark) I1 R1
(b) The power consumed by an electrical appliance is
given by the formula: I2 R2
A B
Power = Voltage × Current (1 Mark) I3 R3
Substituting the given values, we get:
Power = 1.5 kW = 1500 W I
Voltage = 220 V
Current = 1500 W / 220 V = 6.82 A (1 Mark) V Volts
Since the current rating of the domestic circuit is Using Ohm’s law, the current through each resistor
5 A, we expect the circuit breaker to trip or the fuse to can be determined as follows:
blow, resulting in the interruption of the power supply
V V V
to the electric oven. This is because the current drawn =I1 = , I2 , and
= I3  (1 Mark)
by the electric oven is more than the current rating of R1 R2 R3
the circuit, which is 5 A. (1 Mark) Let Rp represent their equivalent resistance.
23. Resistance of a conductor is the property of a material that V
Then, we have V = I × Rp ⇒ I =
opposes the flow of electric current through it. Rp
l The total current through the circuit is
R= ρ  (1 Mark)
A ITotal = I1 + I2 + I3
The SI unit of resistance is ohm (Ω), which is V V V V 1 1 1 1
defined as the resistance between two points in a \ = + + ⇒ = + +
R p R1 R2 R3 R p R1 R2 R3
conductor when a constant potential difference of
1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere in the conductor. R1 R2 R3
Hence, R p =
 (1 Mark) R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R1 R3
The resistance of a conductor depends on the following  Therefore, the equivalent resistance Rp of a
factors: combination of three resistors having resistances R1,
1. Length of the conductor R2 and R3 connected in parallel is given by the above
2. Cross-sectional area of the conductor equation. (2 Marks)
3. Material of the conductor a b c
4. Temperature of the conductor (1 Mark) 4W 4W
(i) If the length of a wire is doubled, its resistance (ii) A B
also doubles. This is because resistance is directly
d 8W e
proportional to the length of the conductor. Given, R1 = 4Ω, R2 = 4Ω, R3 = 8Ω  (1 Mark)
R ∝ l R1 and R2 are in series combination. So resistance
(ii) If the radius of a wire is doubled, its resistance between a and c
reduces to one-fourth of its original value. This Rs = R1 + R2 = 4 + 4 = 8Ω
is because the cross-sectional area of the wire
Now R3 is connected in parallel
is proportional to the square of its radius, and
resistance is inversely proportional to the cross- 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + = + = Ω
sectional area of the conductor. R p Rs R3 8 8 4

150 SCIENCE
 Rp = 4Ω 1 1 1 1 1 8
= + = + = Ω
Therefore, the resistance between points A and B is 4 Ω. Req R1 Rs 20 60 120
 (1 Mark)
Req = 15Ω
25. (c) Zn Na2CO3  (1 Mark)
Therefore, the resistance between points A and B is
HCl   15 Ω.
NaOH  – Now, V = IReq
Sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide both are V 7.5
I
= = = 0.5
bases, so do not react with each other. Req 15
26. (c) Sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide both are
The current recorded by ammeter (A) is 0.5 A.
bases, so do not react with each other. Hence, when  (1 Mark)
they both are mixed, the bases simply get dissociated
32. (a) Pure iodine dissolved in water (1 Mark)
into their respective ions. (1 Mark)
33. (d) In the given experiment, the CO2 released by the
27. (a) Cu metal is reddish brown (1 Mark)
germinating seeds is absorbed by KOH solution that
28. (b) Al will displace Fe from its salt solution which results creates a partial vacuum in the flask resulting in the
in the formation of colorless solution and grey black upward movement of water in the tube. Hence, one
deposition of Fe. (1 Mark) can conclude that CO2 is released during the process
of respiration. (1 Mark)
29. (b) This is based on the concept of reactivity series in which
34. Iron is more reactive than copper. When an iron nail is
more reactive metal will displace the less one from their
placed in a copper sulphate solution, the iron displaces
respective salt solutions. (1 Mark)
the copper from the solution. The copper deposits on the
30. (c) Correct reading for current I and incorrect reading for surface of the iron nail, and the blue colour of the copper
voltage V. sulphate solution fades and the colour of the solution turns
green due to the formation of ferrous sulphate. This is a
Ammeter has low impedance; voltmeter has high
displacement reaction. (1 Mark)
impedance. Voltmeter in parallel with ammeter leads CuSO4(blue) + Fe (grey) → FeSO4(green) + Cu (brown)
to max current through ammeter, giving accurate Copper Sulphate Iron Nail Iron Sulphate Copper
reading. Voltmeter not in parallel with resistors, shows  (1 Mark)
incorrect voltage drop. (1 Mark)
35. No, the student is not necessarily wrong. The slight
31. (b) 0.5 A difference in the values of resistance could be due to various
+ – factors such as the accuracy of the measuring instruments,
V
the presence of stray resistances, the temperature of the
A 20W B resistors, etc. Therefore, the student must ensure that the
measuring instruments are calibrated and the resistors are
uniform before performing the experiment. (2 Marks)
W
30

30
W

36.  (2 Marks)
Guard cell
7.5 V
Given, R1 = 20Ω, R2 = 30Ω, R3 = 30Ω
R2 and R3 are in series combination. So resistance Stomatal pore
between them
Chloroplast
Rs = R2 + R3 = 30 + 30 = 60Ω
Now R1 is connected in parallel

CBSE 2015 (Term-I) 151

 Term-II
2014 CBSE Solved Paper

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) The question paper comprises of two Sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) All questions of Section A and all questions of Section B are to be attempted separately.
(iv) Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section A are one-mark questions. These are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(v) Question numbers 4 to 7 in Section A are two-marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vi) Question numbers 8 to 19 in Section A are three-marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 20 to 24 in Section A are five-marks questions. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 25 to 42 in Section B are multiple choice questions based on practical skills. Each question is a
one-mark question. You are to select one most appropriate response out of the four provided to you.

9. A carboxylic acid (molecular formula C2H4O2) reacts

Section-A with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to
form a compound ‘X’. The alcohol on oxidation with
1. List any two properties of the elements belonging to the
first group of the modern periodic table. [OS] (1 Mark) alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification gives the same
carboxylic acid C2H4O2. Write the name and structure of
2. What is a gene? (1 Mark) (i) carboxylic acid, (ii) alcohol and (iii) the compound ‘X’
3. Give one example each from your daily life where the
(3 Marks)
domestic waste can be effectively reused and recycled.
 [OS] (1 Mark) 10. The electrons in the atoms of four elements A, B, C and D
are distributed in three shells having 1, 3, 5 and 7 electrons
4. What is the main difference between sperms and eggs of
in the outermost shell respectively. State the period in
humans? Write the importance of this difference.(2 Marks)
which these elements can be placed in the modern periodic
5. List two possible ways in which a concave mirror can produce table. Write the electronic configuration of the atoms of A
a magnified image of an object placed in front of it. State the and D and the molecular formula of the compound formed
difference, if any, between these two images.(2 Marks) when A and D combine.[OS] (3 Marks)
6. What are decomposers? List two important roles they play
11. Study the following table in which positions of six
in the environment.(2 Marks)
elements A, B, C, D, E and F are shown as they are in the
7. Why is sustainable management of natural resources modern periodic table :[OS] (3 Marks)
necessary? Out of the two methods – reuse and recycle –
which one would you suggest to practise and why? Group 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18
 [OS] (2 Marks) →
Period ↓
8. What are homologous series of carbon compounds? Write
the molecular formula of two consecutive members of 2 A B C
homologous series of aldehydes. State which part of these 3 D E F
compounds determines their(3 Marks) On the basis of the above table, answer the following
(i) physical and (ii) chemical properties. questions:
 (i) Name the element which forms only covalent 19. ‘‘Energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional.’’ Justify
compounds. this statement.
(ii) Name the element which is a metal with valency three. Explain how the pesticides enter a food chain and
(iii) Name the element which is a non-metal with valency subsequently get into our body.(3 Marks)
three. 20. Elements forming ionic compounds attain noble gas
(iv) Out of D and E, which is bigger in size and why? configuration by either gaining or losing electrons from
(v) Write the common name for the family to which the their outermost shells. Give reason to explain why carbon
elements C and F belong. cannot attain noble gas configuration in this manner to
12. Explain the process of regeneration in Planaria. How is form its compounds. Name the type of bonds formed in
this process different from reproduction?(3 Marks) ionic compounds and in the compounds formed by carbon.
Also give reason why carbon compounds are generally
13. What is placenta? State its function in human female. poor conductors of electricity.(5 Marks)
(3 Marks) 21. (a) Draw a sectional view of human female reproductive
14. With the help of suitable examples, explain why certain system and label the part where(5 Marks)
traits cannot be passed on to the next generation. What are (i) eggs develop.
such traits called? [OS] (3 Marks) (ii) fertilisation take place.
(iii) fertilised egg gets implanted.
15. ‘‘A trait may be inherited, but may not be expressed.’’ (b) Describe, in brief, the changes the uterus undergoes
Justify this statement with the help of a suitable example. (i) to receive the zygote.
(3 Marks) (ii) if zygote is not formed.
16. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on 22. (a) Name the parts labelled as A, B, C and D in the
a screen 60 cm in front of a mirror by keeping the flame at diagram given below:(5 Marks)
a distance of 15 cm from its pole.(3 Marks) A
(a) Write the type of mirror he should use. B
(b) Find the linear magnification of the image produced.
(c) What is the distance between the object and its image?
(d) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in
this case. C
17. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the refracted ray D
in each of the following cases:(3 Marks)
A ray of light incident on a concave lens is (b) What is pollination? State its significance.
(i) passing through its optical centre. (c) How does fertilisation occur in flowers? Name the
(ii) parallel to its principal axis. parts of the flower that develop into (i) seed, and (ii)
fruit after fertilisation.
(iii) directed towards its principal focus.
23. (a) Explain the following terms related to spherical lenses:
18. A narrow beam PQ of white light is passing through a (5 Marks)
glass prism ABC as shown in the diagram.(3 Marks) (i) optical centre (ii) centres of curvature
A D (iii) principal axis (iv) aperture
(v) principal focus (vi) focal length
Q (b) A converging lens has focal length of 12 cm. Calculate
at what distance should the object be placed from the
P lens so that it forms an image at 48 cm on the other side
E of the lens.
B C
Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the 24. (a) List the parts of the human eye that control the amount
emergent beam as observed on the screen DE. of light entering into it. Explain how they perform this
(i) Write the name and cause of the phenomenon function.(1½ Marks)
observed. (b) Write the function of retina in human eye.(½ Mark)
(ii) Where else in nature is this phenomenon observed? (c) Do you know that the corneal-impairment can be
(iii) Based on this observation, state the conclusion which cured by replacing the defective cornea with the
can be drawn about the constituents of white light. cornea of the donated eye?

CBSE 2014 (Term-II) 153

 How and why should we organise groups to motivate 1. Sodium sulphate 2. Calcium sulphate
the community members to donate their eyes after 3. Magnesium chloride 4. Sodium chloride
death?(3 Marks)
5. Calcium chloride 6. Potassium sulphate
Section-B Which of the above salts may be dissolved in water to
obtain hard water for the experiment?
25. In an experiment to study the properties of ethanoic acid,
(a) 2, 3 and 5 (b) 1, 2 and 5
a student takes about 3 mL of ethanoic acid in a dry test
tube. He adds an equal amount of distilled water to it and (c) 1, 2, 4 and 6 (d) 3 and 5 only
shakes the test tube well. After some time he is likely to 30. A student has obtained an image of a well-illuminated
observe that(1 Mark) distant object on a screen to determine the focal length, F1
(a) a colloid is formed in the test tube. of the given spherical mirror. The teacher then gave him
(b) the ethanoic acid dissolves readily in water. another mirror of focal length, F2 and asked him to obtain a
(c) the solution becomes light orange. focussed image of the same object on the same screen. The
(d) water floats over the surface of ethanoic acid.
student found that in order to focus the same object using
26. A student takes about 2 mL ethanoic acid in a dry test tube the second mirror, he has to move the mirror away from
and adds a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate to it. He the screen. From this observation it may be concluded that
reports the following observations:(1 Mark) both the spherical mirrors given to the student were (select
(i) Immediately a colourless and odourless gas evolves the correct option)(1 Mark)
with a brisk effervescence.
(ii) The gas turns lime water milky when passed through (a) Concave and F1 < F2 (b) Concave and F1 > F2
it. (c) Convex and F1 < F2 (d) Convex and F1 > F2
(iii) The gas burns with an explosion when a burning 31. A student focussed the Sun rays using an optical device
splinter is brought near it.
‘X’ on a screen S as shown.(1 Mark)
(iv) The gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is
brought near it. X
The correct observations are S
(a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV
(c) III, IV and I (d) I, II and IV
27. We need 20% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide for
the study of saponification reaction. When we open the
lid of the bottle containing solid sodium hydroxide we 20 cm
observe it in which form?(1 Mark)
(a) Colourless transparent beads From this it may be concluded that the device ‘X’ is a
(b) Small white beads (select the correct option)
(c) White pellets/flakes (a) Convex lens of focal length 10 cm.
(d) Fine white powder (b) Convex lens of radius of curvature 20 cm.
28. While studying saponification reaction, a student measures (c) Convex lens of focal length 20 cm.
the temperature of the reaction mixture and also finds its (d) Concave mirror of focal length 20 cm.
nature using blue/red litmus paper. On the basis of his
32. After tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a
observations the correct conclusion would be(1 Mark)
rectangular glass slab for four different values of the angle
(a) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction mixture is
of incidence, a student reported his observations in tabular
acidic.
(b) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction mixture is form as given below:(1 Mark)
acidic. S.No. ∠i ∠r ∠e
(c) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction mixture is I 30° 19° 29°
basic.
II 40° 28° 40°
(d) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction mixture is
basic. III 50° 36° 50°
29. In a locality, hard water, required for an experiment, is not IV 60° 40° 59°
available.(1 Mark) The best observation is
However, the following salts are available in the school (a) I (b) II
laboratory: (c) III (d) IV

154 SCIENCE
33. A student traces the path of a ray of light passing through (b) 40 cm on the other side of the lens and is magnified,
a rectangular glass slab and marks the angle of incidence i, real and inverted.
angle of refraction r and angle of emergence e, as shown. (c) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same
(1 Mark) size, real and inverted.
(d) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same
i
size, virtual and erect.
r
37. A student is using a convex lens of focal length 18 cm to
e study the image formation by it for the various positions
of the object. He observes that when he places the object

at 27 cm, the location of the image is at 54 cm on the other
The correctly marked angle(s) is/are
side of the lens. Identify from the following diagram the
(a) ∠ i only (b) ∠ e only
three rays that are obeying the laws of refraction and may
(c) ∠ r only (d) ∠ i and ∠ e be used to draw the corresponding ray diagram.(1 Mark)
34. Study the following diagrams in which the path of a ray L
of light passing through a glass prism as traced by four A 1
2
students P, Q, R and S is shown:(1 Mark) 5
3
4

2F F O F 2F
B

P Q (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 5

(c) 2, 4 and 5 (d) 2, 3 and 4
38. A student has to focus his compound microscope to observe
a prepared slide showing different stages of binary fission
R S in Amoeba. The steps he is likely to follow are listed below
The student who has traced the path correctly is in a haphazard manner:(1 Mark)
(a) P (b) Q (i) Adjust the diaphragm and the mirror of the microscope
(c) R (d) S so that sufficient light may enter to illuminate the
35. In the following diagram, the path of a ray of light passing slide.
through a glass prism is shown:(1 Mark) (ii) Fix the slide on the stage carefully.
(iii) Adjust the microscope to high power and focus.
(iv) Adjust the microscope to low power and focus.
P
Q The correct sequence of the above steps to observe the
R slide under the microscope is
Y T
(a) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii) (b) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
X (c) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii) (d) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii)
39. When you study a slide showing different stages of
budding in yeast, you observe the following stages:
In this diagram the angle of incidence, the angle of
emergence and the angle of deviation respectively are (1 Mark)
(select the correct option): (i) The bud may get separated from the parent body and
(a) X, R and T (b) Y, Q and T develop into a new individual.
(c) X, Q and P (d) Y, Q and P (ii) The body of the bud develops and gives rise to another
baby bud.
36. A student is using a convex lens of focal length 10 cm
to study the image formation by a convex lens for the (iii) A bud comes out in any direction from the body of the
various positions of the object. In one of his observations, parent cell.
he may observe that when the object is placed at a (iv) Thus they may form a colony.
distance of 20 cm from the lens, its image is formed at The proper sequence of the above stages is
(select the correct option)(1 Mark)
(a) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv) (b) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
(a) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same
(c) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) (d) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
size, real and erect.

CBSE 2014 (Term-II) 155

40. Study the following statements: [OS] (1 Mark) (a) Sweet potato and potato (b) Sweet potato and tomato
(i) Wings of birds and wings of bats are homologous (c) Carrot and potato (d) Radish and carrot
organs.
42. In the following diagram showing the structure of embryo
(ii) Wings of birds and wings of insects are modified of a dicot seed, what are the parts marked (i), (ii) and (iii)
forelimbs.
sequentially?(1 Mark)
(iii) Wings of birds and wings of insects are analogous
organs. (i)
(iv) Wings of birds and forelimbs of horse are homologous (ii)
organs. (iii)
The correct statements are
(a) Plumule, Cotyledon, Radicle
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv) (b) Plumule, Radicle, Cotyledon

41. Which of the following pairs of two vegetables represents (c) Cotyledon, Plumule, Radicle
the correct homologous structures? [OS] (1 Mark) (d) Radicle, Plumule, Cotyledon

EXPLANATIONS
1. Out of the Syllabus 8. Such a series of compounds in which the same functional
2. A gene is a hereditary unit that is responsible for the group gets substituted by the hydrogen in a carbon chain is
transmission of traits from parents to offspring. (1 Mark) known as a homologous series. The members of this series
differ by a –CH2 unit.  (1 Mark)
3. Out of the Syllabus Aldehydes contain the –CHO group.
4. The main difference between sperms and eggs of humans Two consecutive members of aldehyde are CH3CHO and
is that sperms are small and motile, while eggs are large CH3CH2CHO. Both differ by –CH2 unit. (1 Mark)
and non-motile. (1 Mark) (i) In CH3CHO, –CHO will determine its physical and
This difference is important because it enables the fusion chemical properties. (½ Mark)
of the sperm and egg during fertilisation, which is the first (ii) In CH3CH2CHO, –CH2CHO will determine its
step in the development of a new individual. (1 Mark) physical and chemical properties. (½ Mark)
5. A concave mirror can produce a magnified image in two 9. (i) Carboxylic acid involved in the reaction is acetic acid.
ways: when the object is placed beyond the focal point, a Its structure is: (½ Mark)
real and inverted image is formed, and when the object is H O
placed between the focal point and the mirror, a virtual and
H C C OH
upright image is formed. (1 Mark)
The main difference between these two images is their H
orientation, with the real image being inverted and the (ii) 
Alcohol involved in the reaction is ethanol. Its
virtual image being upright. Additionally, the real image structure is: (½ Mark)
can be projected onto a screen, while a virtual image H H
cannot be projected. (1 Mark) H C C OH
6. Decomposers are organisms (Bacteria, fungi, protists) that H H
break down dead organic matter into simpler substances. Ethanol when reacts with KMnO4 followed by acidification
 (1 Mark) forms acetic acid. (½ Mark)
Two major roles are: When acetic acid reacts with ethanol, formation of ethyl
(i) Decomposers help in the recycling of nutrients. acetate (ester) will take place which is compound X. Its
 (½ Mark) structure is: (1½ Marks)
H O H H
(ii) 
Play a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness by
decomposing dead plant and animal matter. (½ Mark) H C C O C C H

7. Out of the Syllabus H H H

156 SCIENCE
10. Out of the Syllabus R B
11. Out of the Syllabus Object
12. The ability of an organism to give rise to new individual Q
organisms from their body parts is termed as regeneration. Q' C P
 (1 Mark) F
Image
In Planaria, if somehow the body gets cut into any number R'
of pieces, then each piece can regenerate into a complete A
Planaria by growing all the missing parts. (1 Mark)
The image formed is Real, inverted, magnified and
Regeneration is different from reproduction because most
beyond the 2f (½ Mark)
organisms would not normally depend on being cut up to
be able to reproduce. (1 Mark) 17. (i)  (1 Mark)
13. The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy
and connects the developing foetus to the uterine wall of
O
the mother. (1 Mark)
Functions:
Nutrient and gas exchange: Facilitates the exchange of O → Optical centre
nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide between the mother
and the developing foetus. (½ Mark) (ii)  (1 Mark)
Removal of waste material: Removes waste products from
the foetus and transfers them to the mother's blood for
elimination. (½ Mark) F O
Hormone production: The placenta produces several Principal axis
hormones that are important for the maintenance of
pregnancy, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), (iii)  (1 Mark)
estrogen, and progesterone. (½ Mark)
Protection: Acts as a barrier that protects the developing
foetus from harmful substances and infections. (½ Mark)
14. Out of the Syllabus O
F1 F2
15. The statement "A trait may be inherited, but may not
be expressed" implies that the presence of a gene for
a particular trait does not always result in the visible 18. (i) Dispersion of light takes place as white light traverses
expression of that trait. This is because the expression of a a medium, like a glass prism, causing it to separate into
trait is influenced by several factors, including other genes various colours due to differing speeds and deviations,
and environmental factors. (2 Marks) forming VIBGYOR. (½ Mark)
For example, an individual may inherit a gene for blue
eyes, but the expression of that gene may be suppressed by Deviation of red light
another dominant gene for brown eyes. (1 Mark) Visible Light
16. (a) The student should use a concave mirror to project the R
image of the candle flame on the screen. (1 Mark) O
(b) Here, the distance of the object from the mirror is u = Y
G
–15 cm and the distance of the screen from the mirror
B
is v = – 60 cm. Angular spread I
v −(− 60) V
Magnification, m = – = = – 4 cm Screen
u (−15) The cause of this phenomenon is the difference in the
The minus sign in magnification shows that the image refractive index of the medium for different colours of
formed is real and inverted. light, which causes the beam of white light to split into
 Therefore, the linear magnification of the image its constituent colours. (½ Mark)
produced is – 4.  (1 Mark) (ii) The same phenomenon can be observed in nature,
(c) The distance between the object and its image is 45 cm. such as in the formation of a rainbow, where sunlight
 (½ Mark) gets dispersed by water droplets in the atmosphere.
(d) Ray Diagram  (1 Mark)

CBSE 2014 (Term-II) 157

 (iii) Based on the observation of dispersion of light, it can (b) (i)  To receive the zygote, the uterus undergoes
be concluded that white light is made up of seven changes in preparation for pregnancy. The lining
colours, and the red light bends the least while the of the uterus, called the endometrium, thickens
violet light bends the most when they pass through a and becomes more vascular due to the increased
medium like a glass prism. This concept is important levels of the hormone progesterone. (1 Mark)
to understand the properties of light and its interaction
(ii) If a zygote is not formed, the uterus sheds its
with different media. (1 Mark)
endometrial lining as it is not needed anymore for
19. Energy flow in one direction only, from the producers to implantation of embryo and it exit the body in the
the consumers in a food chain. Producers, such as plants, form of blood and mucus via the vagina. This is
use sunlight to convert inorganic compounds into organic known as menstruation. (1 Mark)
compounds, which are then consumed by herbivores. The 22. (a) In the given diagram, labeled parts are following:
herbivores are then consumed by carnivores, and the energy
A is pollen grain (½ Mark)
present in one trophic level does not revert back to previous
trophic level. Thus, it is unidirectional. (1½ Marks) B is a pollen tube (½ Mark)
Pesticides are chemicals that are used to kill pests and C is ovary (½ Mark)
insects. When they are sprayed on crops, they may be D is egg cell (female gamete) (½ Mark)
absorbed by the plants and accumulate in their tissues.
(b) Pollination is the process by which pollen grains from
Herbivores that eat these plants will then consume the
the male part of a flower (anther) are transferred to the
pesticides along with the plant material. Carnivores that
eat these herbivores will then consume the pesticides along female part (stigma) of the same or another flower.
with the tissues of the herbivores. Pesticides magnify as  (½ Mark)
they move up, reaching high level in carnivores by the The significance of pollination is that it leads to
process called biomagnification. As a result, the pesticides fertilisation, which is essential for the production of
can enter our body when we consume contaminated food. seeds and fruits. (½ Mark)
 (1½ Marks)
20. Carbon contains four valence electrons. Carbon on gaining (c) In flowers, fertilisation takes place by fusion of male
4 electrons forms C4– anion. It will become difficult for a gametes of pollen grains with female gametes of
nucleus with six protons to hold 10 electrons. Carbon on embryo sac. (1 Mark)
losing 4 electrons forms C4+ cation. This would require a (i) The part of the flower that develops into a seed
large amount of energy to remove four electrons. after fertilisation is the ovule.(½ Mark)
 (2 Marks)
(ii) The part of the flower that develops into a fruit
Hence, Carbon forms covalent compounds by sharing
after fertilisation is the ovary. (½ Mark)
its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with
atoms of other elements. (1 Mark) 23. (a) The following terms related to spherical lenses are
In the ionic compounds , ionic bonds are present while in explained below:
carbon compounds, covalent bonds are present. (1 Mark) (i) Optical centre: The central point of a lens is called
Due to absence of any charged particles in carbon its optical centre. A ray of light passes undeviated
compounds as electrons are being shared, these are poor through the optical centre of any lens. (½ Mark)
conductors of electricity. (1 Mark)
(ii) Centres of curvature: The centres of curvature
21. (a) (ii) Fallopian tube
of a spherical lens are the centres of the spheres
(or Oviduct)
from which the lens is formed. The centres of
curvature lie on the principal axis of the lens and
are equidistant from the optical centre. (½ Mark)
(iii) Principal axis: The principal axis of a spherical
lens is the line passing through the optical centre
(iii) Uterus
(i) Ovary (or Womb) and the centres of curvature. (½ Mark)
(iv) Aperture: The aperture of a spherical lens is the
effective diameter of the lens through which the
light passes. It is the diameter of the circular
cross-section of the lens. (½ Mark)
 (3 Marks)

158 SCIENCE
 (v) Principal focus: The principal focus of a spherical (c) Yes, corneal impairment can be cured by replacing
lens is the point on the principal axis where the the defective cornea with the cornea of the donated
light rays parallel to the principal axis meet or eye. This is known as corneal transplantation or
appear to meet after passing through the lens. keratoplasty. (1 Mark)
 (½ Mark)  The donated cornea is surgically removed and
(vi) Focal length: The focal length of a spherical lens replaced with the patient's damaged cornea. Corneal
is the distance between the optical centre and the transplantation is a safe and effective procedure that
principal focus of the lens. (½ Mark) can restore vision in people with corneal blindness.
Organizing groups to motivate community members
(b) 
Given, focal length of the converging lens,
to donate their eyes after death is important to increase
f = 12 cm.
the availability of corneas for transplantation. This can
Let the distance of the object from the lens be u and be done by raising awareness about the importance of
the distance of the image from the lens be v. eye donation, dispelling myths and misconceptions
Using the lens formula about eye donation, and addressing the cultural and
 1 1 1 religious concerns that may prevent people from
 = − , donating their eyes. Community-based programs,
 f v u educational campaigns, and partnerships with local
we can find the distance of the object from the lens.
organizations can be effective in promoting eye
Substituting the given values, we get:
donation. (2 Marks)
1 1 1 1 1 1 25. (b) Ethanoic acid readily dissolves in distilled water as it
= − ⇒= −
12 48 u u 48 12 is completely miscible with distilled water. (1 Mark)
1 1− 4 1 −3 26. (d) When sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to acetic
= ⇒ =
u 48 u 48 acid, a brisk effervescence is observed due to evolution
Solving for u, we get: u = –16 cm. of CO2 gas which is colourless and odorless. It is used
Therefore, the distance at which the object should be in fire extinguisher. (1 Mark)
placed from the lens is 16 cm. (2 Marks) 27. (c) Solid NaOH is stored in the form of white pellets/ flakes.
24. (a) The parts of the human eye that control the amount of  (1 Mark)
light entering into it are: 28. (d) The nature of the saponification reaction is highly
(i) Iris: The iris is the coloured part of the eye that exothermic. The reaction mixture will be basic in nature
surrounds the pupil. It controls the amount of and it turns red litmus to blue. (1 Mark)
light entering the eye by changing the size of 29. (a) Hard water contains chlorides, sulfate and bicarbonates
the pupil. In bright light, the iris contracts and of magnesium and calcium ions. Hence, (a) is the
makes the pupil smaller, while in dim light, the correct option. (1 Mark)
iris dilates and makes the pupil larger. (1 Mark) 30. (a) For projecting a distant object onto a screen, both
(ii) Ciliary muscles: The ciliary muscles are located mirrors should be concave, causing light convergence and
behind the iris and are attached to the lens by focus. The second mirror, positioned farther, has a greater
suspensory ligaments. They control the shape focal length (F2) than the first mirror (F1). (1 Mark)
of the lens and thereby regulate the amount of 31. (c) The light rays from an object at infinity converge at the
light entering the eye. When the ciliary muscles focal point of a convex lens. Thus, we can conclude
contract, the lens becomes thicker and more that the optical device X is a convex lens. The distance
curved, allowing the eye to focus on nearby between the lens and the screen where the image is
objects. When the ciliary muscles relax, the lens converged is 20 cm. This information allows us to
becomes thinner and less curved, allowing the determine that the focal length of the convex lens is
eye to focus on distant objects.  (½ Mark) also 20 cm. (1 Mark)
(b) The eye's innermost layer is the retina, housing 32. (d) To obtain the best result for the lateral displacement
photoreceptor cells named rods and cones. It receives between the incident and emergent rays passing through
light, transforming it into neural signals transmitted to a glass slab, observation IV is the best option. This is
the brain via the optic nerve. Rods facilitate low-light because it has the largest angle of incidence, which
vision, while cones enable colour perception and clear results in the maximum lateral displacement between
sight.  (½ Mark) the two rays. (1 Mark)

CBSE 2014 (Term-II) 159

33. (c) For any light ray passing through a surface, the Magnification is given as:
angle of incidence, angle of refraction, and angle of image distance 20
emergence are all measured from the normal to the m
= = = –1
object distance –20
surface. However, in the given diagram, only the angle
of refraction (∠ r) is marked correctly. (1 Mark) Therefore, the image formed by the convex lens will
be of same size, real and inverted. (1 Mark)
34. (b) The path traced by Student Q is correct. When light
travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium, it 37. (d) Rays 2, 3, and 4 are all obeying the laws of refraction
bends towards the normal to the surface. Conversely, and can be used to create the corresponding ray
when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer diagram. (1 Mark)
medium, it bends away from the normal to the surface.
38. (b) The correct sequence of the steps to observe the slide
 (1 Mark)
under the microscope is (ii), (i), (iv), (iii). First, we
35. (d) In a prism, the incident angle is the angle made by
need to fix the slide on the stage carefully to avoid
the incident ray with the normal to the first face of
any movement or damage. Then, we need to adjust
the prism, which is angle Y in this case. Similarly, the
the diaphragm and the mirror of the microscope to
emergent angle is the angle made by the emergent ray
with the normal to the surface when it comes out of the ensure that sufficient light enters the microscope
prism after refraction, which is angle Q in this case. and illuminates the slide. Next, we need to adjust the
The angle between the incident ray and the emergent microscope to low power and focus on the slide. Once
ray is known as the angle of deviation, which is angle the slide is in focus, we can proceed to adjust the
P in this case. (1 Mark) microscope to high power and focus on the slide again
36. (c) Focal length of the lens, f = 10 cm to get a clearer and more detailed view. (1 Mark)

Object distance, u = –20 cm (negative sign is used due 39. (d) The proper sequence of the stages of budding in yeast
to sign convention) is: (iii), (i), (ii), (iv). (1 Mark)
Using the lens formula:
40. (c) Out of the Syllabus
1 1 1
+ = 41. (d) Out of the Syllabus
u f v
Substituting the values in the above equation we get, 42. (a) (i) Represents the plumule, which is the embryonic
⇒ v = 20cm shoot. (ii) represents the cotyledon, which is the embryonic
Hence, the image will be formed on the other side of leaf. (iii) represents the radicle, which is the embryonic
the lens. root. (1 Mark)

160 SCIENCE