Introduction to Navier-Stokes Equations

MEB 2073 FLUID MECHANICS II

Dr Mior Azman Said
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 Review of Previous Lecture…

•In the previous lecture, we have seen

– fluid statics vs fluid dynamics
– basic dimensions in Fluid Mechanics
– the relation of Thermodynamics & Fluid Mechanics
– the difference between solid and viscous fluid
– the relation between shear stress, τ, and rate of shear
strain, du/dy

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 Introduction to Navier-Stokes Equations

By the end of this lecture, you should have

comprehended…

• How is the concept of conservation of mass is developed into

continuity equation

• How is the concept of conservation of linear momentum is

developed into NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION

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Finite Control Volume analysis of fluid flow : only
conditions on surface control volume needed. No
need for pressure and velocity variations within
control volume.

Differential Analysis of fluid flow: deals with a

detailed, point by point description of a flow field.

Finite Control Volume analysis Differential Analysis of fluid flow

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 In this lecture …
We will derive differential equations of

• conservation of mass

• conservation of linear momentum

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 Derivation of Continuity Equations


   V  0 : Vector form of Continuity Equation
t

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 Derivation of Continuity Equations

Conservation of mass states that:



cs
 V  n dA 
t   dV
cv
 0



cs
 V  n dA 
t
dxdydz  0

• The control volume is a cubical element with sides

of length dx, dy and dz.
• Centre is 0, at location (0,0,0).
• Density at the centre is ρ.
• Velocity at the centre is
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  V  n dA
Focusing on resolving this
term:
cs Infinitesimal control volume
Evaluating density and velocity in the left surface:

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  V  n dA
Focusing on resolving this
term:
cs Infinitesimal control volume
Evaluating density and velocity in the right surface:

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  V
Focusing on resolving this
term:  n dA
cs

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  V  n dA
Focusing on resolving this
term:
cs

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  V
Focusing on resolving this
term:  n dA
cs

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  V  n dA
Focusing on resolving this
term:
cs

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 Hence, we have:


cs
 V  n dA 
t
dxdydz  0


   V  0 : Vector form of Continuity Equation
t
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 Introduction to Navier-Stokes Equations
From Shear
Rate of momentum / Resultant Force From
Gravity Force Stress and
Pressure
(Body Force) Normal Stess

 u u u u  p   2u  2u  2u 
   u v  w      g x    2  2  2 
 t x y z  x  x y z 
Rate of momentum

 
For an infinitesimal volume for
small mass, m of fluid:
D V m
F 
Dt

Resultant Force
DV
F  m
Dt
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F  m a = Newton’s Second Law of Motion
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 Infinitesimal control volume

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 Now, we want to resolve the stresses,

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 The final form of Navier Stokes Equation (NSE):

Convective acceleration terms

x-direction:

Convective acceleration terms

y-direction:

Convective acceleration terms

z-direction:

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