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5 Steel Structure - 2

Steel is an iron-based material with varying carbon content that affects its strength and is widely used in construction, including buildings, bridges, and towers. It has advantages such as being lightweight, durable, and environmentally friendly, but is susceptible to corrosion and has low fire resistance. The design process involves functional and structural planning, analysis, and detailing to ensure safety and efficiency in construction.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views20 pages

5 Steel Structure - 2

Steel is an iron-based material with varying carbon content that affects its strength and is widely used in construction, including buildings, bridges, and towers. It has advantages such as being lightweight, durable, and environmentally friendly, but is susceptible to corrosion and has low fire resistance. The design process involves functional and structural planning, analysis, and detailing to ensure safety and efficiency in construction.

Uploaded by

abene abebe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Steel Structure

STEEL

Steel is a material that is made of Iron (Fe) with additives


of carbon.
The amount of carbon within steel determines its
strength, too much carbon will make it very hard and
brittle and too low carbon will make steel malleable.
There are other additives that will create an alloy with
steel to make it strong, like chromium, manganese,
Tungsten and so on.
STEEL
• Steel has a diverse application in the construction
industry.
• Structural steel can be used to construct the complete
framing system in buildings.
STEEL
• Special purpose buildings such as airport terminals, rail
way stations, exhibition halls, conference halls and
airplane hangars(garage) are constructed from structural
steel.
STEEL
• Another area where steel find its use is in bridge
construction. There are various kinds of bridges where
structural steel can be used effectively and efficiently.

Arch Bridges
STEEL
• In cable stayed and suspension bridges, steel plays a
predominant role at least as the cabling system.

Cable stayed Bridges


STEEL

Suspension Bridges

Combined Arch&Cable
stayed Bridges
STEEL
• Steel is used in towers, used for supporting microwave
for communication, radio transmission, light stands in
stadiums and power transmission lines.
STEEL
• Roof trusses of shed facilities like for car parks, gasoil
stations, stadiums and sporting arenas are usually made
of structural steels.
STEEL
• Bracing systems are usually made of structural steel and
they provide lateral stability for a building by resisting
winds and earthquakes.
STEEL
• Steel is also used in composite construction with
concrete. This practice improves fire-resistance and
corrosion resistance of steel.
Steel Beams and Columns
• Steel beams and columns and their connection is
presented below.
Steel Beams and Columns
• Cross- sections
Advantages of Steel Structure

• Light weight with the ability to resist high loads


• Non porous due to its high density
• Use of prefabricated material
• Durable (very long service life)
• Possibility to be disassembled
• Environmental friendly (it can be recycled)
• Shorter erection period
• Usage on wide span frame
• Its construction cost is economical than that of concrete
Disadvantages of Steel

• Steel is susceptible to corrosion so it should be painted or


other method should be adapted for its protection.
• Steel has low fire resistance making it to lose most of its
strength.
• Loss their strength by high Temperature
Design Procedure

• Functional Planning: developing a plan that will enable


the structure to fulfill its purpose
• Structural Planning: depending on the functional plan the
structural layout will be decided at this stage
• Structural Analysis: the engineer must analyze the
structure to determine the internal forces within each
member
• Structural Design: here the engineer proportions the size
of the members of the structural system
• Detailing and Quantity estimation: the members selected
above will be drafted on working drawings and cost will be
determined
Stress – strain behavior of structural steel
• A schematic diagram of an engineering stress-strain curve of
steel can be obtained from a simple tension test.
Design provision of Steel (EBCS-3)

• Partial safety factors


• Safety factors are used in all designs to allow for variability of load,
material, workmanship
• Partial safety factor of steels, 𝛄m=1.1
• Partial safety factor for loads
• Dead load  1.3
• Live load  1.6
Material properties for hot rolled steel
Design provision of Steel (EBCS-3)

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