CCS375-Web Technologies

UNIT I WEBSITE BASICS, HTML 5, CSS 3, WEB 2.0 7

Web Essentials: Clients, Servers and Communication – The Internet – World wide web – HTTP Request Message –
HTTP Response Message – Web Clients – Web Servers – HTML5 – Tables – Lists – Image – HTML5 control
elements – Drag and Drop – Audio – Video controls - CSS3 – Inline, embedded and external style sheets – Rule
cascading – Inheritance – Backgrounds – Border Images – Colors – Shadows – Text – Transformations – Transitions
– Animations. Bootstrap Framework

What is web 2.0?

A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media
dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to Web sites
where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social
networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted services, Web
applications, and mashups.
Define Web services.
A Web service is a method of communication between two electronic devicesover a network. It is
a software function provided at a network address over the Web with the service always on as in
the concept of utility computing.
Define Website.
A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a
private local area network through an Internet address known as a uniform resource locator
(URL). All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web
4.Differences between web sites and web server.
Website:
A website is a set of linked documents associated with a particular person,
organization or topic that is held on a computer system and can be accessed as part of theworld
wide web. (Not to be confused with:Web page, a document on the world wide web written in
HTML and displayed in a web browser.)

Web server:The web server on the other side is a computer program, which delivers content,
such as websites or web pages, for example, over the world wide web from a web server to your
computer.

Define internet.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard
Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of
networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government
networks of local to global scope, linked bya broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies.
Define HTML.
HTML is a simple web page description language, which enables document creation for the web.
HTML is the set of mark-up symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on the web
browser page. These mark-up symbol and codes identify structural elements such as paragraphs,
heading, and lists. HTML can be used to place media (such as graphics, video, and audio) on the
Web page and describe fill-in-forms. A method is an implementation of an objects behavior.
Explain about HTTP Connection.
It is a communication channel between web browser and web server. It begins on the client side
with the browser sending a request to the web server for a document. Request Header Fields are
From
Reference
3.If_modified_since process and the by clicking on the message log hyperlink in the
actions area.
4.Pragma
5.User Agent
Define cascading.
Cascading refers to a certain set of rules that browsers use, in cascading order, to determine how
to use the style information. Such a set of rules is useful in the event of conflicting style
information because the rules would give the browser a way to determine which style is given
precedence.
State the use of web server logs and list the contents of a message log. (APR/MAY 2011) A
server log is a log file (or several files) automatically created and maintained by a server of
activity performed by it. A typical example is a web server log which maintains a history of page
requests. The W3C maintains a standard format (the Common Log Format) for web server log
files, but other proprietary formats exist.The message log is used by a number of processes to
provide debugging and troubleshooting information. You can view the message log from the
process monitorafter clicking on the details hyperlink for a process and the by clicking on the
message loghyperlink in the actions area.
State the uses of internet protocol. (APR/MAY 2012)
IP function: transfer data from source device to destination device
IP source software creates a packet representing the data
Header: source and destination IP addresses, length of data, etc.
Data: Data itself
Define Tags. What are the two different types of tags?
Tags signal the browser to inform about the formatting details.ie how the contentshouls be
displayed in the browser screen. Tags are enclosed between “<” and”>”
Standalone tag only start tag is present and no end tag. Example <BR>
andcontainer tag have start and end tag will be present .Example <html>….
</html>
What are the rules to define a tag?
Attributes should be placed inside start tag, appears as Name-value pairs separted by blank
spaces, Attributes should have only one value,values should be enclosed within either single(‘)
or double (“) quotes.
What is the need of using form in HTML?
Form is a typical layout on the web page by which user can interact with the web page. The
components that can be placed on the form are text box, check box, radio buttons, and push
buttonsand so on. Thus form is typically used to create an interactive Graphical User Interface.
What is the purpose of using frames in HTML?
The HTML frames allows the web designer to present the web document in multiple views. Using
multiple views one can keep the formation visible and at the same time other views can be scrolled
or replaced.
What is the need for special character in HTML?
There are some symbols that cannot be used directly in HTML document. For example <(less
than)because this symbol is also used along with the tag. Hence this is called a special symbol and
canbe denoted with the help of entity reference.
State how an unrecognized element or attribute treated by the HTML document?
If any unrecocognized element or attribute is written then the HTML document simply displays the
contents. For example <title>testing</title> will display the string “testing” on the web page. It will
not display it as a title of the web page.
What is the use of hyperlink tag in HTML?
The hyperlink tag is used to link logically with other page. Using this tag a weblink can be
specified. The <a> tag is used to specify the hyperlink in HTML.
What are the uses of hyperlink in HTML?
To logically link one page with another, use of link to enhance readability of theweb document, the
navigation from one page to another is possible.
What is BODY in HTML document?
The effects which we want in the window are mentioned with the help of tags inthe body. It is the
place where the actual data is written in html. All the changes can be viewed by changing the tags
content in the body whereas the head part is the introduction part and the body is the actual content
part.<BODY>data content</BODY>
What are style sheets?
The style sheets are the collection of styles that can be either embedded within the HTML
documents or can be externally applied. The Cascading style sheet is a markup language used to
apply the styles to HTML elements.
What is selector string? Specify any three forms of selectors.
The rule set in CSS consists of selector string which is basically an HTML element. These selectors
can be defined with the help of properties and values.
What is the use of Universal Selector?
Using the universal selector the values can be defined for all the elements in the document. It is
denoted by *.
What is generic class selector?
The generic class applied to any tag in the HTML document. And thus the values defined within
that generic selector can be applied to the corresponding tag. The class selector must be preceded by
the dot operator.
What are the various style sheets?
Inline, external, imported and embedded are the different types of style sheets.
Explain inline, embedded andexternal style sheets. Inline
If only a small piece of code has to be styled then inline style sheets can be used.
Embedded
Embedded style sheets are put between the <head></head> tags.
External
If you want to apply a style to all the pages within yourwebsite by changing just one style sheet,
then external style sheets can be used.
How will you include CSS in a website? (MAY/JUNE 2014) Inline
Inline styles are when you just insert the type of style you want inside another tag, using the style
attribute. This is usually the least useful way to use CSS.
<p style="width:100%; color:#660099; text-align:right; background-color:#ffcc00;" >
Embedded
Styles can also be placed in the document using the <style> tag. The <style>tag is usually placed in
the head section of the document, where it will apply to the whole document.
<style><!--
p { color:#009900;font-family:"comic sans ms",sans-serif; }h1 { color:#660000;font-
size:12p
</style>
External styles
Styles can also be set in an external style sheet which is linked to the page with a
<link> tag. For example the style sheet for this site is included like this:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="class.css" />
What is the purpose of CSS Box Model and mention its parts also.
The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps around HTML elements, and it consists of:
margins,
borders, padding, and the actual content.The different parts are:
Margin
Border
Padding
Content

Part-B
1. Explain WWW and HTTP Protocol.
2. Discuss the structure of the HTTP request message. (NOV/DEC 2012)
3. Discuss the structure of the HTTP response message.[8] (NOV/DEC 2012)
4. Explain HTML elements in detail also State the types of lists supported by HTMLand
explain them in detail. (APR/MAY 2011)
5. Discuss the various features available in HTML to format the text with example.
i) Explain how tables can be inserted into HTML document with example.
ii)What is the significance of using forms on the web page?
6. Discuss how to create list and frame using HTML. Give Example.
7. Explain the capabilities of Web Server (APR/MAY 2013)
8. Explain about the XHTML DTD with an Example.
9. Explain the significance of XHTML with the help of a real time application. Writenecessary
code snippets (MAY/JUNE 2014)
10. Explain about Style Rule Cascading and Inheritance
11. Explain any eight CSS text properties.

12. Explain about the variousstyle sheets with examples. Internal,External,Inline)

(APR/MAY 2013)
13. Difference between web browser and web server
14. Difference between internet and intranet. And Building Advanced Web 2.0 Applications.
 UNIT II CLIENT SIDE PROGRAMMING 6
Java Script: An introduction to JavaScript–JavaScript DOM Model-Exception Handling-
ValidationBuilt-in objects- Event Handling- DHTML with JavaScript- JSON introduction – Syntax
– Function Files.

Part – A
1.What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a platform-independent, event-driven, interpreted client-side scripting language
developed by Netscape Communications Corp. and Sun Microsystems.
2.What are the primitive data types in javascript?
JavaScript supports five primitive data types: number, string, Boolean, undefined, and null. These
types are referred to as primitive typesbecause they are the basic building blocks from which more
complex types can be built. Of the five, only number, string, and Boolean are real data types in the
sense of actually storing data. Undefinedand null are types that arise under special circumstances.
3.What are the Escape Codes Supported in JavaScript?
The Escape codes supported in javascript are \b Backspace,\t Tab (horizontal),\n Linefeed
(newline),\v Tab (vertical),\f Form feed,\rCarriage return,\" Double quote \'Single quote,\\
Backslash.
4.What is JavaScript name spacing? How and where is it used?
Using global variables in JavaScript is evil and a bad practice. That being said, namespacing is used
to bundle up all your functionality using a unique name. In JavaScript, a namespace is really just an
object that you’ve attached all further methods, properties and objects. It promotes modularity and
code reuse in the application.
5.How many looping structures can you find in javascript?
If you are a programmer, you know the use of loops. It is used to run a piece of code multiple times
according to some particular condition. Javascript being a popular scripting language supports the
following loops for, while, do-while loop
6.Mention the various Java Script Object Models.
Math Object, String Object, Date Object, Boolean and Number Object, Document Object Window
Object.
7.How Scripting Language Is Differs from HTML?
HTML is used for simple web page design, HTML with FORM is used for both form design and
Reading input values from user, Scripting Language is used for Validating the given input values
weather it is correct or not, if the input value is incorrect, the user can pass an error message to
the user, Using form concept various controls like Text box, Radio Button, Command Button, Text
Area control and List box can be created.
8.What are the different types of objects in JavaScript?

Implementation
Type Example Governing Standard
Provided By
User- Programmer defined Programmer None
defined Customer or Circle
Built-in Array, Math The browser via engine its ECMA-262
JavaScript
Browser Window, Navigator The browser None (though some portions
adhere to an adhoc standard)
 Document Image, The browser via W3C DOM
HTMLInputElement its DOM engine
9.Justify “JavaScript” is an event-driven programming” W3C DOM
Javascript supports event driven programming. when user clicks the mouse or hit the keys on
the keyboard or if user submits the form then these events and response to them can be handled
using javascript. Hence javascript is mainly used in web programming for validating the data
provided by the user.
10.What is the use of pop up boxes in java script?
There are three types of popup boxes used in javascript. Using these popup boxes the user can
interact with the web application.
11.What is DOM?
Document Object Model (DOM) is a set of platform independent and language neutral application
interface (API) which describes how to access and manipulate the information stored in XML,
XHTML and javascript documents.
12.Enlist any four mouse events.
The MouseEvent are-mousedown, mouseup, mouseover, mousemove, mouseout.
13.List ad various level of document object modeling.
Various levels of DOM are DOM0, Dom1, Dom2, and Dom3
14.What are they validation properties and methods?
Validation properties and methods are checkvalidity (), validaionMessage, customerror,
patternMismatch, rangeOverflow, rangeUnderflow, tooLong.
15.Define event bubbling.
Suppose, there is an element present inside another element. Then during the event handling, if
the event which is present in the inner element is handled and then the event of the outer element
is handled. This process of event handling is called event bubbling
16.How to create arrays in Javascript?We can declare an array like this Var scripts = new
Array(); We can
add elements to this array like thisscripts[0] = "PHP";
scripts[1] = "ASP"; scripts[2] = "JavaScript";
scripts[3] = "HTML";
Now our array scrips has 4 elements inside it and we can print or access them by using their
index number. Note that index number starts from 0. To get the third element of the array we
have to use the index number 2. Here is the way to get the third element of an array. document.
write (scripts[2]); We also can create an array like this var no_array = new Array(21, 22, 23,
24, 25);
17.Write a simple program in JavaScript to validate the email-id.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function validateForm() {
var x = document.forms["myForm"]["email"].value; var atpos = x.index
dotpos+2>=x.length)
{ alert("Not a valid e-mailaddress");
return false;}}
</script> </head>
<body>
<form
name="myForm"
action="demo_form.asp"
onsubmit="return
validateForm();" method="post"> Email: <input type="text" name="email">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
18.Write short notes on JDBC.
JDBC standard is intented for people developing industrial-strength database
applications.JDBC makes java effective for developing enterprise information system.java.sql
is the JDBC package that contains classes & interfaces that enable a java program to interact
with a database.
19.Write short notes on JDBC drivers.
A JDBC driver is basically an implementation of the function calls specified in the JDBC API
for a particular vendor’s RDBMS. Hence, a java program with JDBC function calls can access
any RDBMS that has a JDBC driver available. A driver manager is used to keep track of all the
installed drivers on the system. The operations of driver manager are getDriver, registerDriver,
deregisterDriver.
20.What are the advantages of servlet over CGI?
• Performance is significantly better, servlet execute within the address space
• of aweb server.
• Servlets are platform independent
• The java security manager on the server enforces a set of restrictions to protect
• the resources on a server machine.
• The full functionality of java class libraries is available to a servlet.
Part - B
1.How to write function using Java Script? Give Example.
2.Explain sub classes and super classes in Javascript.
3.Discuss Javascript objects in detail with suitable examples.
(NOV/DEC 2012,MAY/JUNE 2014)
4.Discuss about Javascript debugging. Explain how local and global
functions can bewritten using java script (MAY/JUNE 2012)
5.Explain the way in which java script handles arrays with example. (MAY/JUNE 2012)
6.i) Write a Java script to find the factorial of the given number.
ii) Write a Java script to find the prime number between 1 and 100.
7.Write a servlet program which displays the different content each time the user visits thepage
8.Write a Java script program to create Popup box, alert and confirm box.
9.Write a Java script program to print the numbers from 0 to 50. b. Write a Java Script program to
create table.
10.Write a Java script program to create user registration form.
11.i) Explain any two validation function in java script.(4)
ii)Write a script to demonstrate the use of Date object.(6)
iii) Write a java script program to generate Fibonacci series using do while loop.(6)
12.i) Explain JavaScript & document object model (DOM ) with example.(8)
ii) Explain in details the JDBC CONNECTIVITY with example program.(8)
Explain the JDBC database access in detail. Write a java servlet to conduct online
examination. (APR/MAY 2013)

UNIT III SERVER SIDE PROGRAMMING 5

Servlets: Java Servlet Architecture- Servlet Life Cycle- Form GET and POST actions- Session
Handling- Understanding Cookies- DATABASE CONNECTIVITY: JDBC

Part – A
1.Write down the methods of servlet interface
void destroy() –called when the servlet is unloaded.
ServletConfig getServletConfig() –returns a ServletConfig object that Contains any initialization
parameters. String get ServletInfo() – returns a string describing the servlet. Void
init(ServletConfigsc)throws ServletException –called when the servlet is initialized .
Initialization parameters for servlet can be obtained from sc. An unavailable exception should be
thrown if the servlet is not initialized.
Void Service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException-
Called to process a request from a client. The request from the client can be read from req.
response to the client can be written to res. An exception is generated if a servlet or IO problem
occurs.
2.What is the difference between CGI and servlets?
• Performance is significantly better, servlet execute within the
• address space of aweb server.
• Servlets are platform independent
• The java security manager on the server enforces a set of
• restrictions to protectthe resources on a server machine.
• The full functionality of java class libraries is available to a servlet.
3.Define Servlet Life Cycle?
• init( ) method - invoked when the servlet is first loaded into memory
• service( ) - called for each HTTP request (for processing)
• destroy( ) - unloads the servlet from its memory.
4.What is JSP?
JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a technology for developing web pages that support dynamic content
which helps developers insert java code in HTML pages by making use of special JSP tags, most of
which start with <% and end with %>.
5.What are advantages of using JSP?
a. Performance is significantly better because JSP allows embedding Dynamic
Elements in HTML Pages itself.
b. JSP are always compiled before it's processed by the server unlike CGI/Perl which
requires the server to load an interpreter and the target script each time the page is requested.
6.Explain lifecycle of a JSP.
• Compilation
• Initialization
• Execution
• Cleanup
7.What are JSP actions?
JSP actions use constructs in XML syntax to control the behavior of the servlet engine. You can
dynamically insert a file, reuse JavaBeans components, forward the user to another page, or
generate HTML for the Java plugin.
8.What are Servlets?
A small program that runs on a server, the term usually refers to a Java applet that runs within a
Web server environment. This is analogous to a Java applet that runs within a Web browser
environment. Java servlets are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to CGI programs.
The biggest difference between the two is that a Java applet is persistent. This means that once it
is started, it stays in memory and can fulfill multiple requests. In contrast, a CGI program
disappears once it has fulfilled a request. The persistence of Java applets makes them faster
because there's no wasted time in setting up and tearing down the process.
9. What are Applets?
A program designed to be executed from within another application. Unlike an application,
applets cannot be executed directly from the operating system. With the growing popularity of
OLE (object linking and embedding), applets are becoming more prevalent. A well-designed
applet can be invoked from many different applications. Web browsers, who are often equipped
with Java virtual machines, can interpret applets from Web servers. Because applets are small in
files size, cross-platform compatible, and highly secure (can‟t be used to access users' hard
drives), they are ideal for small Internet applications accessible from a browser.
10.What do you mean by Server-side?
Occurring on the server side of a client-server system. For example, on the World Wide Web,
CGI scripts are server-side applications because they run on the Web server. In contrast,
JavaScript scripts are client-side because they are executed by your browser (the client). Java
applets can be either server-side or client- side depending on which computer (the server or the
client) executes them.
11.Write a note on Environment variables.
In CGI, the server prepares the environment variables before it launches the CGI script. These
represent the current state of the server that is asking for the information. The environment variables
are not set from the command line but are created on the fly, and lasts only until that particular
script is finished. Each script gets its own unique set of variables and multiple scripts can be
executed at once, each in its own environment.
12. What are STDIN and STDOUT?
These are mnemonics for standard input and standard output, two predefined stream file handles.
Each process already inherits these two handles already open. From the script's point of view,
STDIN is what comes from the browser via the server when the post method is used, and the
STDOUT is where it writes its output back to the browser. The script picks up the environment
variables and reads STDIN as appropriate. It then does whatever it was designed to do and writes its
output to STDOUT.
13. What are the two commonly used Request methods?
The request methods tell the script how it was invoked. Based on this information, the script decides
howto act. The request method is passed to the script using environment variable called REQUEST-
METHOD. The two most common request methods used are GET and POST.
14.Explain about Session tracking.
A session is basically a conversation between a browser and a server. All the above technologies can
save information for the current session for a particular user visiting a site. The session is important,
as H1TP is a stateless protocol. This means that the connection between web server and a web
browser is not automatically maintained, and that the state of a web session is not saved.
15. Define packet switched networks.
Packet switched network means that data traveling on the network is broken into chunks called
packets and each packet is handled separately.
16. Define socket.
The socket is a software abstraction used to represent the terminals of a connection between two
machines or processes.
17.Write a note on Connect Exception.
This exception is raised when a connection is refused at the remote host. (ie, no process is listening
on that port).
18. What is a multicast socket?
Multicasting sends data from one host to many different hosts, which are in the multicast group.
19. What is multicast address and the range of address? A multicast address is the address of a
group of hosts called a multicast group. Multicast addresses are IP addresses in the range 224.0.0.0
to 239.255.255.255
20. What are the different types of IP addresses?
Unicast address: It is used for transmitting a message to single destination node Multicast address:
It delivers a message to a group of destination nodes, which are necessarily in the same sub
network. Broadcast address: It transmits a message to all nodes in a sub network.
Part - B
1.What is a servlet? Explain briefly the Servlet life cycle and Servlet HTTP package?
2.List out the classes and interfaces available in javax.servlet.http package?
3.Write short notes on the following servlet classes
4.Write a servlet program which displays the different image each time the user visitsthe page and
the images are links
5.Explain in detail about Servlet Database Connectivity with an example of Student database.
6.Explain in detail about JSP with an example of current date and simple message.
7.Discuss in detail about Action elements in JSP with an example of display current timeand color.
8.Explain about JSP object in detail.

UNIT IV PHP and XML 6

PHP: PHP- Using PHP- Variables- Program control- Built-in functions- Form Validation. XML:
Basic XML- Document Type Definition- XML Schema, XML Parsers and Validation, XSL
Part – A
1.What is PHP?
• PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor -one of the most popular server-side scripting
• languages for creating dynamic Web pages.
• - an open-source technology
• - platform independent
2.List the data types used in PHP.

Data types Description

Integer Whole numbers (i.e., numbers without a decimal point)
 Double Real numbers (i.e., numbers containing a decimal point)
String Text enclosed in either single ('') or double ("") quotes.
Boolean True or false
Array Group of elements of the same type
Object Group of associated data and methods
Resource An external data source
3.How type conversion is done in PHP?
In PHP, data-type conversion can be performed by passing the data type as an argument to function
settype. Function settype takes two arguments: The variable whose data type is to be changed and
the variable ’s new data type.
E.g., settype( $testString, "double" );
4.Write the uses of text manipulation with regular expression in PHP.
 PHP processes text data easily and efficiently, enabling straightforward searching,
substitution, extraction and concatenation of strings.
 Text manipulation in PHP is usually done with regular expressions — a series of
characters that serve as pattern-matching templates (or search criteria) in strings, text
files and databases.
 This feature allows complex searching and string processing to be performed using
relatively simple expressions
5.List the importantcharacteristics of PHP.
• PHP is web-specific and open source
• Scripts are embedded into static HTML files
• Fast execution of scripts• Fast access to the database tier of applications
• Supported by most web servers and operating systems
• Supports many standard network protocols libraries available for IMAP, NNTP, SMTP,POP3
• Supports many database management systems libraries available for UNIX DBM,
MySQL, Oracle,
• Dynamic Output any text, HTML XHTML and any other XML file.
• Also Dynamic Output images, PDF files and even Flash m ovies
• Text processing features, from the POSIX Extended or Perl regular
expressions to parsing XML documents.
A fully featured programming language suitable for complex systems development
6.How to Include PHP in a Web Page?
Thereare 4 ways of including PHP in a web page
<?php echo("Helloworld"); ?>
1. <script language = "php">echo("Hello world"); </script>
2. <? echo("Hello world"); ?>
3. <% echo("Hello world"); %>
we can also use print instead of echo
• Method (1) is clear and unambiguous
• Method (2) is useful in environments supporting mixed scripting languages
in the same HTML file
Methods (3) and (4) depend on the server configuration
7.Write a simple PHP Script.
Here is PHP script which is embedded in HTML using level one headerwith the PHP output
text. The name of this file is called hello.php.
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1><?php echo("Hello world"); ?></h1>
<h1><?php print("This prints the
same thing!");?></h1> </body>
<html>
8.How do you include comments in PHP?
PHP supports threetypes of comments:
1. Shell style comments - denoted #THIS IS A COMMENT
2. C++ style comments - denoted THIS IS A COMMENT—
3. C style comments - denoted /* ALL THIS COMMENTED! */4931_Grace College of
Engineering,Thoothukudi
9.What arevariables in PHP?
Variables start with the $ symbol. E.g.:
$myInteger = 3;
$myString =”Hello World”;
$myFloat=3.145;
10.How do you declare a variable using PHP data types?
Data types are not explicitly defined:
• Variable type is determined by assignment
• Strings can be defined with single ( ’ ) and double ( ") quotes.
• PHP has a Boolean type:Defined as false
– An integer or float value of 0 or
– The keyword false
– The empty string ‘‘’’ or the string ‘‘0’’
– An empty array or object
– The NULL valueDefined as true
– Any non-zero integer or float value
– The keyword true
• Standard operators with standard syntax applied to variables
11.How do you declare and initialize an array in PHP
Two ways of declaring and initializing an array:
a) Individual element initialization in an array
$myArray[0]= "Apples";
$myArray[1]= "Bananas";
b) Arrays can be constructed using the array() keyword
$person = array("Dave", "Adam", "Ralph");
12.What are associative arraysin PHP?
$myArray["Monday"]="Apples";
$myArray["Tuesday"]= "Bananas";
Associative Arrays can also be constructed using thearray( )keyword.
$food=array("Monday"=>"Apples","Tuesday"=>"Bananas");
The symbol => delimits the hash name from the hash value.
13.What is the scope of variables in PHP?
Once PHP variables have been defined they are known for the rest of the Web page:
• Obeying standard scoping rules of course.
• Variables can be local to functions etc, much like any languages.
14.List some built in functions in PHP.
Mathematical functions:- abs, ceil, cos,
log, min, rand, sqrtFile handling:- fopen,
flock, feof, fgets, fputs, fclose
15.List the functionsto create a pattern.
Preg_match, Preg_matchall,
Preg_replace, Preg_split
16.Write a PHP script to set the background colour to blue on Tuesday in a
given date.
<?php
if(date("D") =="Tue") $colour = "blue"; else $colour ="red";
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor = <?php echo($colour) ?>>
<h1>Welcome</h1>
</body>
</html>
17.What is meant by a XML namespace? (APR/MAY 2011)
XML Namespaces provide a method to avoid element name conflicts. When using
prefixes in XML, a so-called namespace for the prefix must be defined. The
namespace is defined by the xmlns attribute in the start tag of an element. The
namespace declaration has the following syntax. xmlns:prefix="URI".
<root><h:table xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/">
<h:tr>
<h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td>
</h:tr></h:table>
<f:table xmlns:f="http://www.w3schools.com/ furniture">
<f:name>African CoffeeTable</f:name>
<f:width>80</f:width>
<f:length>120</f:length></f:table></root>
18.What is XML namespace? (NOV/DEC 2012)
XML allows document authors to create custom elements.
 This extensibility can result in naming collisions (i.e. different elements that have the same
name) among elements in an XML document.
An XML namespace is a collection of element and attribute names. Eachnamespace has a unique
name that provides a means for document authors to unambiguously refer to elements with the same
name (i.e. prevent collisions).
19.What is the purpose of namespace? (MAY/JUNE 2014)
XML Namespaces provide a method to avoid element name conflicts. In XML, element names are
defined by the developer. This often results in a conflict when trying to mix XML documents from
different XML applications.
20.What is XML ?
Extensible markup language. It offer a standard, flexible and inherently extensible data
format, XML significantly reduces the burden of deploying the many technologies needed to
ensure the success of Web services.
21.Define XML attributes
• XML elements can have attributes in the start tag, just like HTML.
• Attributes are used to provide additional information about elements.
• Attributes cannot contain multiple values (child elements can)
• Attributes are not easily expandable (for future changes)
22.Write the main difference between XML and HTML. Main Difference between XML
and HTML
• XML was designed to carry data. XML is not a replacement for HTML.
• XML and HTML were designed with different goals:
• XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is. HTML was designed
• to display data and to focus on how data looks.
• HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about describing information
Part - B
1.List and explain the XML syntax rules in detail. Explain how a XMLdocument can be displayed
on a browser. ( APR/MAY 2011 )
2.Explain the role of XML namespaces with examples. (MAY/JUNE 2012)
3.Given an XSLT document and a source XML document explain the XSLTtransformation process
that produces a single result XML document. (NOV/DEC 2012)
4.Write short notes on Event-oriented parsing (MAY/JUNE 2014)
5.Explain the following: i) XML namespace ii) XML style sheet. Iii) XML attributes iv)XML
Schema
6.Explain XSL with suitable exemple
7.Explain the architectural revolution of XML.
8.Write a program using PHP that creates the web application for result publication
9.a) Design simple calculator using PHP
b) Design application to send a email using PHP
10.Develop a shopping cart application using PHP with use of cookies.
11.Explain about the control statements in PHP with example.
12.Explain about cookies in PHP with example.
13.Describe the data base connections in PHP with suitable example.
14.Explain the steps in the PHP code for querying a database with suitable examples.
15.With example explain about XSL and XSLT transformation
16.Explain about DOM with the XML data processing.
17.Discuss in detail about the XML DTD.
UNIT V INTRODUCTION TO ANGULAR and WEB APPLICATIONS FRAMEWORKS 6
Introduction to AngularJS, MVC Architecture, Understanding ng attributes, Expressions and data
binding, Conditional Directives, Style Directives, Controllers, Filters, Forms, Routers, Modules,
Services; Web Applications Frameworks and Tools – Firebase- Docker- Node JS- React- DjangoUI
& UX.
Part – A
1.What is Ajax?
Ajax is a set of client side technologies that provides asynchronouscommunication between
user interfaces and web server. So the advantages of using Ajax are asynchronous communication,
minimal data transfer and server is not overloaded with unnecessary load.
2.What technologies arebeing used in AJAX?
AJAX uses four technologies, which are as follows:
JavaScript, XMLHttpRequest, Document Object Model (DOM), Extensible HTML (XHTML)
and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
3.Explain the limitations of AJAX.
It is difficult to bookmark a particular state of the application,Function provided in the code-
behind file do not work because the dynamic pages cannot register themselves on browsers
history engine automatically
4.Describe AJAX Control Extender Toolkit.
AJAX Control Toolkit is a set of extenders that are used to extend the functionalities of the
ASP.NET controls. The extenders use a block of JavaScript code to add new and enhanced
capabilities to the ASP.NET controls. AJAX Control Toolkit is a free download available on the
Microsoft site. You need to install this toolkit on your system before using extenders.
5.How can you find out that an AJAX request has been completed?
You can find out that an AJAX request has been completed by using the readyState property.
If the value of this property equals to four, it means that the request has been completed and
the data is available.
6.What are the different ways to pass parameters to the server?
We can pass parameters to the server using either the GET or POST method. The following code
snippets show the example of both the methods: Get: XmlHttpObject.Open("GET","file1.txt",true);
Post:XmlHttpObject.Open("POST", "file2.txt", true);
7.What are the extender controls?
The extender controls uses a block of JavaScript code to add new and enhanced capabilities
to ASP.NET. The developers can use a set of sample extender controls through a separate
download - AJAX Control Toolkit (ACT).
8.List out the advantages of AJAX. (May 2014)
• Better interactivity
• Easier navigation
• Compact
• Backed by reputed brands
9.Define Web service? (Nov 2011)
A Web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices over the web.
The W3C defines a "Web service" as "a software system designed to support interoperable
machine-to-machine interaction over a network". It has an interface described in a machine-
processable format specifically Web Services Description Language (WSDL).
10.What are the different applications that could use web services?
Data providers, for example, those that provide data such as a stock quote Business-to-business
process integrations, such as those that send a purchase order from one company to another
Integration with multiple partners, and even with competitors
Enterprise application integration, for example, integration of acompany's e-mail database
with its human resources (HR) database
11.What are the features of web service?
Web services are having the features such as heterogeneous, interoperable, loosely coupled, and
implementation-independent programs and modular design
12.What are the rules to be followed in designing the web service?
• Allow extensibility points.
• Keep your namespaces easy to version by placing dates in them.
• Don't try to solve every problem with one schema, WSDL, or
• other file. Break out the problem into pieces
13.What is meant by WSDL? (APR/MAY 2011)
• WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language
• WSDL is based on XML
• WSDL is used to describe Web services
• WSDL is used to locate Web services
• WSDL is an XML-based language for locating and describing Web services
14.Why do you want to describe a web service? (MAY/JUNE 2014)
Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is a document written in XML. The document
describes a Web service. It specifies the location of the service and the operations (or methods) the
service exposes.
15.What is the use of web services?
Web services encompass a set of related standards that can enable two computers
The data is passed back and forth using standard protocols such as HTTP, the same protocol used
to transfer ordinary web pages.
Web services operate using open, text-based standards that enable components written in
different languages and on different platforms to communicate.
They are ready to use pieces of software on the Internet. XML,SOAP, Web Services Description
Language (WSDL) and Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) are the standards
on which web services rely.
 UDDI is another XML based format that enables developers and business to publish and
locate Web services on a network.
16.State the uses of WSDL. (APR/MAY 2012)
 WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language.
 WSDL is a document written in XML.
 WSDL is an XML-based language for locating and describing Webservices.
17.What are the four transmission types of WSDL?
▪ One-way
▪ Request–response
▪ Solicit–response
▪ Notification
18.What is UDDI? (NOV/DEC 2011)
UDDI means Universal Description, Discovery and Integration.
UDDI - platform-independent framework for describing services, discovering businesses,
and integrating business services by using the Internet.
- directory for storing information about web services
- directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL
- communicates via SOAP
- The core of UDDI is the UDDI Business Registry, a
global, pubic, online directory.
19.What are the benefits of UDDI?
Problems the UDDI specification can help to solve:
Making it possible to discover the right business from the millions currently online
Defining how to enable commerce once the preferred business is discovered
 Reaching new customers and increasing access to current customers
Expanding offerings and extending market reach
Solving customer-driven need to remove barriers to allow
for rapidparticipation in the global Internet economy
Describing services and business processes
programmatically ina single, open, and secure
environment
20.What are the core elements of UDDI?
UDDI defines four core data elements within the data model:
 businessEntity (modeling business information)
 businessService (describing a service)
 tModel (describing specifications, classifications, or identifications)
 binding Template (mapping between a businessService andthe set of tModels that describe its
technical fingerprint)
21.List some examples of web services. (APR/MAY 2012)
Geo IP: http://www.webservicex.net/geoipservice.asmx?op=GetGeoIP
Whois:http://www.webservicex.net/whois.asmx?op=GetWhoIS
SMS: http://www.webservicex.net/sendsmsworld.asmx
Part-B
1. Explain about the object that helps AJAX reload parts of a web page withoutreloading the whole
page. (NOV/DEC 2011,MAY/JUNE 2014)
2. Explain technologies are being used in AJAX?
3. Explain the concept of JSON concept with example.
4. Explain about Ajax Client Server Architecture.
5. Develop a web application for Airline Reservation System using AJAX.
6. With a simple example illustrate the steps to create a java web service. (NOV/DEC 2012)
7. Show the relationship between SOAP, UDDI, WSIL and WSDL
8. Explain the creation of a java web service Client in detail with examples. (MAY/JUNE 2012)
9. Describe Messaging protocol in web services with its functionalities.
10. Explain the anatomy of UDDI and WSDL.
11. Describe the major elements of SOAP. (NOV/DEC 2011, MAY/JUNE 2014)(APR/MAY2013)