WEEK :: 04

LEARN DSA
WITH C++

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 LEARN DSA WITH C++
WEEK :: 04 DAY: 01 DATE: 08-05-2023
TWO POINTER
Two pointers is an effective technique that is typically used for searching pairs in a sorted
array.
3 important point for two Pointer :-
1. Where take pointer
2. Move Right Side = Value Increase
3. Move Left Side = Value Decrease

2 3 10 15 19 28
Find sum = 29;

First_P = 0, Last_P = n-1;

while(First_P < Last_P )
{
if( arr[First_P] + arr[Last_P] == sum)
count << answer;
return 0;
else if (arr[ First_P] + arr[Last_P] < sum )
First_P++;
else
Last_P--;
}

Find Multiply = 29;

Try Question on yourself

2 3 10 15 19 28
Find Deff = 5;
Take Pointer
First = 0;
Second = 1;
Second move right side = different increase
First move right side = different increase
Container With Most Water << GeeksforGeeks >>

long long maxArea(long long A[], int len)

{
// Your code goes here
long long sum = 0;
long long first = 0, last =len -1, length, breadth;

while(first<last)
{
length = last - first;
if(A[first]> A[last])
breadth = A[last--];
else
breadth = A[first++];

if(sum<length*breadth)
sum = length*breadth;

}
return sum;
}
 LEARN DSA WITH C++
WEEK :: 04 DAY: 02 DATE: 09-05-2023
2 D ARRAY IN DETAIL
The two-dimensional array can be defined as an array of arrays.

2 6 8 7 5
1 - D array

2 6 8 7 5

5 5 22 3 7

9 7 7 5 8
2 - D Array
Define int arr[row][col] ;
Array A[3][4];

00 01 02 03

10 11 12 13

20 21 22 23
Store in Memory :: {Row major Order}

00 01 02 03 10 11 12 13 20 21 22 23
Index = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Find Index = ((row_index * column) + Column_index) -----1

elem: 22 = ( 2 * 4 ) + 2
= 10
# Row_Index = Index / Column;
From 1 - divided by column
(Index/Column) = (Row_Index * Column / Column) + (Column_Index/Column)
Index / Column = row_Index if column = 4, Column_index = 0 to 4;
# Column_Index = Index % Column
From 1 - % by column
Index % Column = (Row_Index * Column) % column + ( Column_Index % Column)
Index % Column = 0 + Column_Index

Solve :- 13 =>
row = 7/4=1 col = 7%4=3

Store in Memory {Column Major Order}

00 10 20 01 11 21 02 12 22 03 13 23
Index = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Find Index = ((Col_index * row) + row_index) -----1

Elem 21 = ( 1 * 3 ) + 2 = 5

# Row_Index = Index / row;

# Column_Index = Index % row;
22 => row_index = 8/3 = 2; coln_index = 8%3 = 2

#Code :: Print Row wise:-

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[3][4];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
cin>>arr[i][j];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

{
for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
{
cout<<arr[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
 }

return 0;
};

# Print column wise ::

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[3][4];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
cin>>arr[i][j];

for(int j=0; j<4; j++)

{
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
cout<<arr[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}

return 0;
};

# Find Elem In 2 D array ::

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[3][4];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
cin>>arr[i][j];
 int target = 15;
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
{
if(arr[i][j]==target)
{
cout<<" Found ";
return 0;
}
}
cout<<"Not Found";

return 0;
};

Print sum ::

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[3][4];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
cin>>arr[i][j];

int sum=0;
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
{
sum = sum + arr[i][j];
}
cout<<sum;

return 0;
};
# Print Array Row Sum ::

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[3][4];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
cin >> arr[i][j];

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)

{
sum = sum + arr[i][j];
}
cout << sum<<" ";
}

return 0;
};

#Print 2 D array Transpose :-

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[3][3];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
cin >> arr[i][j];

for(int i=0; i<2; i++)

for(int j=i+1; j<3; j++)
{
 int temp = arr[i][j];
arr[i][j] = arr[j][i];
arr[j][i] = temp;
};

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

{
for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
cout<<arr[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
}

return 0;
};

# Print Array Row flip :-

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[3][3];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
cin >> arr[i][j];
for(int i=0; i<1; i++)
for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
{
int temp = arr[i][j];
arr[i][j] = arr[2-i][j];
arr[2-i][j] = temp;
};
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
cout<<arr[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
};
#Search array 2d matrix rotate 90 degrees?

class Solution {
public:
bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int>>& matrix, int target) {

int row = matrix.size(), col = matrix[0].size();

int i= row -1, j=0;

while(i>=0 && j<col)

{
if(matrix[i][j]==target)
return 1;
else if (matrix[i][j]<target)
j++;
else
i--;
};
return 0;
}
};
 LEARN DSA WITH C++
WEEK :: 04 DAY: 03 DATE: 10-05-2023
2 D ARRAY + VECTOR
# Print Diagonally the matrix

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int arr[5][4];

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
cin >> arr[i][j];

int row =0, col = 0, i, j;

while(col<4)
{
i=0, j= col;
while(j>=0)
{
cout<<arr[i][j]<<" ";
i++, j--;
};

col++;
}

row= 1;
cout<<endl;
while(row<5);
{
i=row, j=3;
while(i<5)
{
cout<<arr[i][j]<<" ";
i++, j--;
};
row++;
};
return 0;
};
#Find 0 in matrix array

class Solution{
public:
int countZeros(vector<vector<int>>A)
{
//code here
int count =0, row = A.size(), col = A[0].size();
int i=0, j= col -1;

while(i<row && j>= 0)

{
while(j>=0 && A[i][j] ==1)
j--;

count+=j+1;
i++;
}

return count;
}
};

STL : Standard Template Library

The C++ STL (Standard Template Library) is a powerful set of C++ template classes to provide
general-purpose classes and functions with templates that implement many popular and
commonly used algorithms and data structures like vectors, lists, queues, and stacks.

# Vector : vector<int> variable_name (array)

# Insert : push-back array.push-back(element) element add in arr
#Delete : pop-back arr.pop-back() element delete in arr
# Size : arr.size( )
# arr[0] : first element in array
# arr[n-1] : arr.back( ) : last element in array
# Clear : arr.clear( ) clear all array elements

#Vector Capacity : 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 —-- increase

# Create Vector ::

#include<iostream>
#include<vector> // add header file
using namespace std;

int main()
 {
vector<int>v;
for(int i=1; i<=10; i++)
v.push_back(i);

// for(int i=0; i<v.size(); i++)

// cout<<v[i]<<" ";

for(auto x:v)
cout<<x<<" ";

return 0;
};

#Sorting Algoring using vector :

#include<iostream>
#include<vector> // add header file
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
vector<int> v;
for(int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
v.push_back(i * 13 % 10);

sort(v.begin(), v.end());

for(auto x : v)
cout << x << " ";

return 0;
}

#Descending order:
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm> // add header file
using namespace std;
 int main()
{
vector<int> v;
for(int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
v.push_back(i * 13 % 10);

sort(v.rbegin(), v.rend());

for(auto x : v)
cout << x << " ";

return 0;
}

#Define Array in vector:

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
vector<int>arr(5,3);
cout<<arr.capacity()<<endl;

arr.push_back(7);
cout<<arr.capacity()<<endl;

for(auto x:arr)
cout<<x<<" ";

return 0;
};

#Initialize in array using vector

vector <int>arr(size, Initialize)
vector <int>arr(5, 2)

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
 {
vector<int>arr(5,3);
cout<<arr.capacity()<<" ";
for(auto x:arr)
cout<<x<<" ";

return 0;
};

#2D Vector :
No of rows and col:-
Rows = arr.size( );
Cols = arr[0].size( );
Total element = rows * col

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
vector<vector<int>>arr(3, vector<int>(3));
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
cin>>arr[i][j];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) // sorting algorithm

sort(arr[i].begin(), arr[i].end());

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
cout<<arr[i][j]<<" ";

return 0;
};

#Character Array :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
char arr[10];
for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
 cin>>arr[i];

// cin>>arr; // we can take less 10 char

for(int i=0; i<10; i++)

cout<<arr[i]<<" ";

return 0;
};
 LEARN DSA WITH C++
WEEK :: 04 DAY: 04 DATE: 11-05-2023
STRING
#Define::
String string-name; input = “pradum”;
cin>>string-name;
Store in memory:

p r a d u m
Index = 0 1 2 3 4 5
Excise[0] = “p”;
#Operation :
Add:
S = “Pradum’’, T = “Singha”;
S = S + T = “Pradum” + “Singha”; = “PradumSingh”;

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm> // for sort
using namespace std;

int main()
{
// take input from user
string str;
getline (cin,str); // input for one line
cout<<str;
cout<<endl;

// Add operation
string s = "Pradum", t = "Singha";
s = s + t;
cout<<s;
cout<<endl;

string p1 = "10", p2 = "11", p;

p = p1 + p2;
cout<<p;
cout<<endl;

char c = 'd'+2;
cout<<c;
cout<<endl;
 // Add char behind
string a = "CoderArmy";
a.push_back('s'); // a = a + 's';
cout<<a;
cout<<endl;

// size of string
cout<<a.size();
cout<<endl;

// remove elem behind

a.pop_back();
cout<<a;
cout<<endl;

// sort string
string k = "cdagef";
sort(k.begin(), k.end());
cout<<k;
cout<<endl;

// reverse string
reverse(k.begin(), k.end());
cout<<k;
cout<<endl;

//take output " " in string

string d = "Pradum is \"good\" chele";
cout<<d;
cout<<endl;

return 0;
};

#sorting string optimization code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
string s;
cin >> s;
 int n = s.size();
int freq[26];
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
freq[i] = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
int index = s[i] - 'a';
freq[index]++;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < freq[i]; j++)
{
char c = 'a' + i;
cout << c;
}
}

return 0;
}

#Palindrome String :-

class Solution { class Solution{

public: public:

int isPalindrome(string S) { int isPalindrome(string S)

string K = S; {
reverse(K.begin(), // Your code goes here
K.end()); int start = 0, end =
S.size()-1;
if (K == S) {
return 1; while(start<end)
} else { {
return 0; if(S[start]!=S[end])
} return 0;
}
start++, end--;
}; }
return 1;
}

#Min Number of Flips :-

int minFlips(string S) {
int count1 = 0, count2 = 0;
bool flag = 0;
 for (int i = 0; i < S.size(); i++) {
if (flag != S[i] - '0') {
count1++;
}
flag = !flag;
}
flag = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < S.size(); i++) {
if (flag != S[i] - '0') {
count2++;
}
flag = !flag;
}
return min(count1, count2);
}
 LEARN DSA WITH C++
WEEK :: 04 DAY: 05 DATE: 12-05-2023
STRING IN HARD
#Length of the longest substring:

class Solution{
public:
int longestUniqueSubsttr(string S){
//code
bool count[26];
for(int i=0; i<26; i++)
count[i]=0;

int total = 1, first =0, second = 1;

count[S[0]- 'a']++;
while(second<S.size())
{
while(count[S[second] - 'a'])
{
count[S[first] - 'a'] =0;
first++;
}
count[S[second] - 'a'] = 1;
total = max(total, second - first +1);
second++;
}
return total;

}
};

#Longest Common Prefix in an Array

User function template for C++

class Solution{
public:

string longestCommonPrefix (string arr[], int N)

{
// your code here
int count =0;
int M=INT_MAX;
for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
{
if(M>arr[i].size())
M=arr[i].size();
}

for(int i=0; i<M;i++)

{
for(int j=1; j<N; j++)
{
 if(arr[j-1][i] != arr[j][i])
{
if(count)
return arr[0].substr(0, count);

else
return "-1";
}
}
count++;
}

if(count)
return arr[0].substr(0, count);

else
return "-1";
}
};

#Sum of two large numbers

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class Solution {
public:
string findSum(string X, string Y) {
int Xend = X.size()-1, Yend = Y.size()-1;
string ans = "";
int num, rem, carry=0;
char c;
while(Xend>=0 && Yend>=0)
{
num = X[Xend] - '0' + Y[Yend]-'0'+ carry;
rem = num%10;
carry = num/10;
c = rem + '0';
ans +=c;
Xend--, Yend--;
}

while(Xend>=0)
{
num = X[Xend] - '0' + carry;
rem = num%10;
c = rem + '0';
ans +=c;
carry = num/10;
Xend--;
}

while(Yend>=0)
{
num = Y[Yend] - '0' + carry;
rem = num%10;
c = rem + '0';
ans +=c;
 carry = num/10;
Yend--;
}

if(carry)
ans+="1";

int i=ans.size()-1;
while(i>0 && ans[i] == '0')
{
ans.pop_back();
i--;
}

reverse(ans.begin(),ans.end());
return ans;
}
};