THE STATE

 The formation of a state is the

highest expression of a political act
of people agreeing to promote their
common interest, advance their
common welfare, secure their
Concept of State collective rights, optimize their
valuable common resources,
promote their common heritage, and
harness their common potentials for
the general well-being of the citizens
  A state is a community of persons more
or less numerous, occupying a definite
territory, possessing an organized
government, and enjoying
independence from external control.
 It is a people permanently occupying a
fixed territory and bound by common-
What is a State? law habits and customs into one body
politic, exercising through the medium
of an organized government,
independent sovereignty and control
over all persons and things within it
boundaries, capable of making war and
peace and entering into international
relations with other communities of the
globe
  Under international law, state is not
equivalent to nation.
 Nation is defined as people, or aggregation
of men, existing in the form of an
organized society, usually inhabiting a
Nation vs State distinct portion of Earth, speaking the
same language, using the same customs,
possessing historic continuity, and
disguised from others like groups by their
racial origins and characteristics, and
generally, but not necessarily, living under
the same government and sovereignty
 STATE NATION
Racial or ethnic in
Political concept nature
Elements of the State

State

People Territory Government Sovereignty

People

People is the entire body of

those citizens of a state
who are invested with
political power for political
purposes
Territory
 It is a geographical
area under the
jurisdiction of
another country or
sovereign power or
state. It must be a
fixed territory
which the
inhabitants occupy.
 Government

It is the totality of authorities which

rule a society by prescribing and
carrying out fundamental rules
which regulate the freedom of its
members.
It is where the will of the state is
carried, formulated, and expressed.
Sovereignty
 It is the supreme, absolute, and
uncontrollable power by which an
independent state is governed. It
is the paramount control of the
constitution and the frame of
government and its
administration
 Internal Sovereignty
 External Sovereignty
Philippine Government
 A democratic republic with a
Presidential form of government
wherein power is equally divided
among its three branches.
 One basic corollary in a presidential
system of government is the principle
of separation of powers
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES
 PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people,
imploring the aid of Almighty God, in
order to build a just and humane society
1987 and establish a Government that shall
CONSTITUTION embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve
OF THE and develop our patrimony, and secure
REPUBLIC OF THE to ourselves and our posterity the
PHILIPPINES blessings of independence and
democracy under the rule of law and a
regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

01 02 03 04 05
ARTICLE I National Territory ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies ARTICLE III Bill of Rights ARTICLE IV Citizenship ARTICLE V Suffrage

ARTICLE I ARTICLE II
ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies
ARTICLE III ARTICLE IV ARTICLE V
Declaration
ARTICLE I National Territory ARTICLE III Bill of Rights ARTICLE IV Citizenship ARTICLE V Suffrage

National ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies

Bill of Citizenship Suffrage
ARTICLE I National Territory

of Principles ARTICLE III Bill of Rights

Territory ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies

and State Rights

ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies

Policies
06
• ARTICLE VI Legislative Department
07
• ARTICLE VII Executive Department 1987 CONSTITUTION OF
THE
08 REPUBLIC OF THE
• ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department PHILIPPINES

09
• ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions
10
• ARTICLE X Local Government
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
11 • ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers

12 • ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony

13 • ARTICLE XIII Social Justice and Human Rights

• ARTICLE XIV Education, Science and Technology,
14
Arts, Culture and Sports
15 • ARTICLE XV The Family

16 • ARTICLE XVI General Provisions

17 • ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions

18 • ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions

  Composed of the President and the Vice
President who are elected for six years
term by direct popular vote. The
Constitution grants the President the
authority to appoint his Cabinet. The
Cabinet forms various departments that
Executive forms the large portion of the country’s
Branch bureaucracy
  It is authorized to make laws, alter, and
repeal them through the power vested in
the Philippine Congress. This institution
is divided in two chambers namely, the
Senate (Upper House) and the House of
Representatives (Lower House).
Legislative
Branch
  Branch that holds the power to settle
controversies involving rights that are
legally demandable and enforceable.
This branch determines whether or not
there has been a grave abuse of
discretion amounting to lack or excess of
Judicial jurisdiction on the part and
Branch instrumentality of the government. It is
made up of a Supreme Court and lower
courts.
  The Constitution expressly grants the
Supreme Court the power of Judicial
Review as the power to declare a treaty,
international or executive agreement,
law, presidential decree, proclamation,
order, instruction, ordinance or
Judicial regulation unconstitutional.
Branch