Vol.23 No.

05
May, 2024 MATERIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

IoT BASED LIVE WEATHER STATION MONITORING SYSTEM

1
S. Girish,2B. Gagan,3B.Vasavi, 4B.Ankitha,5Mrs.Shazia Fathima
1234
Student, 5Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics Communication Engineering
Kshatriya College of Engineering, Chepur, Armoor, Nizamabad Dist
ABSTRACT
This post is all about IoT based Live Weather Station Monitoring Using NodemCU ESP8266. We will interface DHT11
Humidity & Temperature Sensor, BMP180 Barometric Pressure Sensor, and FC37 Rain Sensor with NodeMCU ESP8266-
12E Wifi Module. We will measure humidity, temperature, Barometric pressure, and rainfall and upload the data to a web
server. Once the code is uploaded you can find the IP address of NodeMCU in the serial monitor. With the same IP, you
can go to any web browser and display the data in a beautiful widget format. The project is very interesting and can be
used in remote areas or in a freezer where the data is to be monitored. It is an advanced solution for weather monitoring
that uses IOT to make its real time data easily accessible over a very wide range. The system deals with monitoring
weather and climate changes like temperature, humidity, moisture in the air; using multiple sensors.
I. INTRODUCTION A DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor, as
A weather station is a device that collects data well as a BMP180 sensor and a rain sensor
related to the weather & environment using module, are used in the system. Using Node
different sensors. There are two types of weather MCU as well as the ESP8266-01 module, the
stations, one which is having own sensors and detected data from the sensors is posted to ting
the second type of weather station is where we speak server. As of late, new approaches to
pull data from the weather station servers. In this forecasting atmospheric conditions have
tutorial, we will go for the first one, i.e. we will emerged with the aim of improving accuracy.
design our own weather station. Weather station Data mining and machine learning applications
sensors may include a thermometer to take are providing significant contributions of their
temperature readings, a barometer to measure own. There are many machine learning
the atmospheric pressure, Hygrometer to implementations, the most prominent of which
measure humidity, rain sensor to measure are categorization and predictions. Predicting
rainfall, an anemometer to measure wind speed, sequences from various types of unsupervised or
and more. Weather stations are also called supervised learning problems or instances is not
weather centers, personal weather stations, the same as predicting sequences from other
professional weather stations, home weather types of learning issues or situations. Despite the
stations, weather forecaster, and forecasters. fact that there are different sorts of challenges
An IoT-based live weather station monitoring depending on input and output sequences, most
system using NodeMCU ESP8266 involves prediction problems involving sequence data are
creating a setup where the NodeMCU ESP8266 classed as sequence prediction problems. We'll
microcontroller collects weather data from need to build a time series analytical framework
sensors like temperature, humidity, and 2 to do sequence prediction. It is employed in
barometric pressure. This data is then sent to a the implementation of real-time prediction. Time
cloud platform or a local server via Wi-Fi. Users series prediction, as the name implies, is based
can access this data in real-time through a web on a given number of data points accumulated at
interface or a mobile app, allowing them to specific intervals.
monitor weather conditions remotely. Would These are examined in order to identify the long-
you like a more detailed breakdown of the term trend in order to make a forecast or perform
components and steps involved? another calculation. System monitors the
weather and updates the information on the web

http://materialsciencetech.com/mst/ ISSN: 1005-0299

Material Science and Technology ·327·

page. The data is sent to the web page in order to phone. So, our application is beneficial for such
keep the meteorological conditions of the area purpose.
up to date. Anywhere around the world, a This device is all about IoT based Live Weather
specific location can be identified. Temperature data Monitoring Using NodeMCU ESP8266.
and Humidity sensors are included in the We will interface DHT11 Humidity &
system. Temperature Sensor, BMP180 Barometric
Today, intelligent technologies such as IoT and Pressure Sensor and FC37 Rain Sensor with
Machine Learning are being introduced in a big NodeMCU ESP8266-12E Wi-Fi Module. The
way. For IoT implementation, there are many IoT Technology provided in this paper is a good
IoT hardware platforms available. An example is option for surveillance the weather data at a
the ESP8266 chip. This work develops an actual particular region and make the data visible
Weather forecasting system that can be utilized anywhere in the world. The idea behind this is
for a range of purposes, such as homes, Electronic sensors connected to the Public
companies, farms, venues, and so on. A Internet by using IoT technology. The data
temperature sensor (DHT11), a BMP180 sensor, fetched from the embedded system can be
and a rain sensor module are used in the system. accessible over the Internet from anywhere in
Using Node MCU the detected data from the the world. In some area, it will be challenging to
sensors is updated in the thing speak server. A check and monitor the vital weather parameter
model named logistic regression is used in ML through wires and analogue devices during some
(machine learning). For monitoring actual weather hazards. To resolve this problem here,
values, data is also shown on a custom webpage. electronic sensors are used to review and
This model is built using real time application monitor the weather parameters.
that has been pre-recorded. The data is extracted weather monitoring systems are essential for
from. collecting and analyzing weather data,
A weather station is a technology that collects providing critical information for a range of
data related to the weather & environment using applications, including agriculture,
different electronics sensors. There are two types transportation, and disaster management. This
of weather station, one who is having their research paper presents a weather monitoring
sensors and the second type of weather station is system using the NodeMCU platform, which
where we pull data from the weather station enables real-time data collection and
servers. In this project, we are designed by our transmission over the internet. The system
weather station. We all know that a weather includes various sensors to measure temperature,
station is not a single device, but it is a humidity, air pressure, and wind speed, and
combination of many small tools to form a direction, with the data collected transmitted to a
larger system. It contains various sensors and cloud-based platform for storage and analysis.
gadgets that work together but in specific ways The NodeMCU\'s Wi-Fi connectivity allows for
to transmit proper and accurate data of the remote monitoring and control of the system,
weather parameters. It is quite tricky to uses of providing real-time access to weather data from
WEB server based weather station to non- anywhere in the world. The system\'s
technical peoples, so we are providing web performance is evaluated through experiments
server-based user interface as well as Android conducted in real-world weather conditions,
application. We are well known today most demonstrating its reliability and accuracy.
mobile units running on Android OS, and many The cost-effectiveness and scalability of the
peoples are well known to use the android system are also evaluated, demonstrating its
Material Science and Technology ·328·

affordability and reliability as a solution for paper, present a weather station that is very
weather monitoring. The paper concludes with helpful for any PLA places weather station is
recommendations for future improvements and based on IoT (Internet of Things). It is equipped
applications to the system.[ Recent years have with environmental sensors used for
seen a lot of interest in environmental measurements at any place and reports them in
monitoring and climatic change. Man wants to real time on the cloud (ThingSpeak).
be aware of the most recent weather conditions Monitoring weather’s condition plays an
in any location, such as a college campus or any extensive role in today’s ever-changing world.
other specific facility. There should be weather The impact of the state of the environment
stations because the climate is changing so creates a number of difficulties in a variety of
quickly. Here, offers a weather station that is industries, including agriculture, industry,
beneficial for all locations. Based on IoT, this construction, and more. However, the estimated
weather station (Internet of Things). It has impact primarily affects industry and
environmental sensors that can be utilized to agriculture.The emergence of the Internet of
report measurements from a particular location. Things (IoT) has opened new opportunities for
The Weather Monitoring Systems in the global developing weather monitoring systems that can
Margaret is projected to grow from 20 thousand transmit data in real-time. A weather monitoring
crores in 2021 to 26 thousand crores by 2026, at system is a piece of equipment that uses several
an annual growth of 5.1% in terms of value sensors to gather information about the weather
during the forecasted period. The motivation of and environment. There are two different kinds
this project is to create an ideal environment and of weather stations: one that has its own sensors,
keep track of the aquaponics unit's internal and and the other that gets its data from the servers
external surrounding weather. The term "Internet of other weather stations. Weather stations are
of Things" (IoT) refers to networks of physical also called weather centers, personal weather
objects (things) that are equipped with sensors, stations, professional weather stations, home
software, and other technologies to connect to weather stations, weather forecaster, and
other devices and systems online and exchange forecasters. The ability to collect and analyze
data with them. It is a broad field that offers a real-time weather data provides valuable
place to build a variety of prototypes, from information that can be used to make informed
simple domestic devices to sophisticated decisions and act accordingly.
industrial devices. This paper presents a real-time weather
The paper describes using IoT to help the admin monitoring system using the NodeMCU, which
to identify and monitor the temperature, provides an affordable and reliable solution for
humidity, barometric pressure, air quality, light weather monitoring. The NodeMCU is a widely
intensity, and rainfall in the environment. This used IoT development board that can connect to
dashboard will update real-time values of the the internet through WiFi. The system developed
above parameters to help monitor, control, and in this paper includes various sensors such as
maintain a particular environment. Climatic thermistor to take temperature readings, a
change and environmental monitoring have barometer to measure the atmospheric pressure,
received much attention recently. Man wants to capacitive humidity sensor to measure humidity,
stay updated about the latest weather conditions rain sensor to measure rainfall, and more. The
of any place like a college campus or any other collected data is transmitted in real-time to a
building. Since the world is changing so fast cloud-based platform for storage and analysis,
there should be weather stations. Here in this enabling remote access from anywhere in the
Material Science and Technology ·329·

world. The system's hardware and software are system's accuracy, reliability, cost-effectiveness,
detailed, providing a guide for replicating and scalability, and remote monitoring capabilities
customizing the system make it a valuable tool for various applications.
The system's performance is evaluated through The study demonstrates the feasibility and
experiments conducted in real-world weather effectiveness of using the NodeMCU for
conditions. The results of the study show that the weather monitoring, providing a foundation for
system can provide accurate and timely weather future research and development in this area
data, making it a valuable tool for various such as connecting it to the satellite as a global
applications. The system's accuracy and feature of this system.
reliability are evaluated by comparing the 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
collected data to official weather data sources. IOT-based live weather station monitoring
The system's ability to operate in various system using NodeMCU ESP8266 would
weather conditions is also tested, demonstrating typically involve designing a system capable of
its ability to operate in extreme weather collecting real-time weather data from various
conditions. Findings demonstrate that the system sensors, transmitting it to a central server or
can deliver precise and timely meteorological cloud platform, and providing users with access
data, making it a useful tool in monitoring to this data through a web or mobile interface.
weather conditions. The study also evaluates the This involves aspects such as sensor selection,
system's cost-effectiveness and scalability. The data transmission protocols, power management,
NodeMCU provides an affordable and reliable and user interface design. The goal is to create a
solution for weather monitoring, making it reliable and user-friendly system for monitoring
accessible to individuals and organizations alike. weather conditions remotely.
The scalability of the system is evaluated by Weather station is a device that collects data
testing the system's ability to handle a large related to the weather & environment using
number of nodes, demonstrating its ability to different sensors. There are two types of weather
operate on a large scale. The system's remote stations, one which is having own sensors and
monitoring and control capabilities are also the second type of weather station is where we
evaluated, demonstrating its ability to provide pull data from the weather station servers. In this
real-time access to weather data from anywhere tutorial, we will go for the first one, i.e. we will
in the world. The cloud-based platform used for design our own weather station. Weather station
data storage and analysis provides a user- sensors may include a thermometer to take
friendly interface for accessing and visualizing temperature readings, a barometer to measure
weather data. User can collect the measurements the atmospheric pressure, Hygrometer to
by the sensors at any time. It can even be viewed measure humidity, rain sensor to measure
on mobile handsets or tablet. This means that rainfall, an anemometer to measure wind speed,
whenever user want to know what the and more. Weather stations are also called
temperature is, user can have access to weather centers, personal weather stations,
information in real time. The system's hardware professional weather stations, home weather
and software can be customized to meet specific stations, weather forecaster, and forecasters
needs, making it suitable for various Weather station is a facility, either on land or
applications. sea, with instruments and equipment for
The NodeMCU-based weather monitoring measuring atmospheric conditions to provide
system created in this paper offers reasonable information for weather forecasts and to study
and dependable weather monitoring option. The the weather and climate. The measurements
Material Science and Technology ·330·

taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, barometric pressure,

humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, and
precipitation amounts. Wind measurements are radiation and so on. According to their functions
taken with as few other obstructions as possible, and observation scope, meteorological stations
while temperature and humidity measurements can be divided into basic meteorological
are kept free from direct solar radiation, or stations, automatic meteorological stations,
insolation. Manual observations are taken at high-altitude meteorological stations, special
least once daily, while automated measurements meteorological stations, mobile meteorological
are taken at least once an hour. Weather stations and marine meteorological stations. The
conditions out at sea are taken by ships and main task of a weather station is to carry out
buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological observations at regular intervals
meteorological quantities such as sea surface and to record, summaries’ and analyst the
temperature (SST), wave height, and wave observation data. These data have important
period. Drifting weather buoys outnumber their application value for weather forecasting,
moored versions by a significant amount. climate research, disaster warning, agricultural
production, aviation and navigation,
environmental protection and other fields.
Weather stations are usually equipped with a
variety of meteorological observation
instruments, such as thermometers, hygrometers,
barometers, wind speed and direction gauges,
precipitation gauges, radiometers,
Fig-1.1 Weather Station evapotranspiration gauges and so on. Some
Weather stations are devices that measure advanced weather stations may also have radar
various atmospheric conditions such as equipment, sounding balloons, satellite receiving
temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, equipment, etc. Weather stations are widely used
and precipitation. They can be simple handheld
in meteorology, environmental protection,
devices or more sophisticated automated education, agriculture, industry and other
systems used for meteorological monitoring and industries because of their low power
forecasting. Some weather stations are equipped consumption, fast installation, field use and
with sensors that can detect additional many other advantages. Under the condition of
parameters like UV radiation levels or soil organic combination of various industries, it
moisture content. They are vital tools for constantly exerts its own advantages to provide
meteorologists, researchers, farmers, and even help for agricultural production, industrial
hobbyists to weather station is a collection of production, urban construction, education and
instruments and sensors that measure
other fields to move towards intelligentisation,
atmospheric and soil conditions. informatisation and automation.
Commonly measured environmental variables  Agricultural field: weather station can
include light, temperature, relative humidity, be installed in the agricultural
rain, and wind. Soil conditions include soil greenhouse or agricultural standard
moisture, soil temperature, and soil bulk field, mainly for the intelligent
electrical conductivity. Weather station is a agricultural database, to provide
device or location dedicated to observing and planting environment
recording various meteorological elements.
These meteorological elements include
Material Science and Technology ·331·

 Meteorological data: temperature, monitoring 1.3 Contribution Weather prediction

humidity, wind speed, direction, etc., so issues completely depe.an IoT-based live
as to facilitate the growers to face the weather station monitoring system is to provide
different meteorological conditions, you real-time and accurate weather data collection,
can choose a more appropriate analysis, and dissemination. This system aims to
management methods. enhance weather forecasting, disaster
 Environmental protection and climate management, agriculture, and various other
change research: meteorological sectors reliant on weather information by
stations can be used to monitor air offering up-to-date, localized data accessible
pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and remotely.
other key indicators related to climate 1.3 PROJECT OVERVIEW
change. IoT-based weather monitoring systems
 Transport: Weather stations can be seamlessly integrate data from a multitude of
used to monitor road weather conditions sources. Weather sensors, satellite imagery,
such as temperature, humidity, weather stations, drones, and even personal
precipitation, etc. They provide real- devices are just some examples. The Internet of
time road condition information to Things brings precision to weather insights. We
traffic management authorities, helping interfaced DHT11 Humidity & Temperature
to adjust traffic flow and road condition Sensor, and FC37 Rain Sensor with NodeMCU
forecasts. ESP8266-12E Wi-Fi Module. We will measure
 Airport and port operations: Weather humidity, temperature, and rainfall and upload
stations can provide real-time the data to firebase. Which makes it an IoT
meteorological data for airports and based Weather Station where the weather
ports, including wind speed, wind conditions can be monitored from anywhere
direction, temperature, humidity, etc., to using the Internet. An IoT- based live weather
help flights and ships land and take off station monitoring system project involves using
safely. sensors to collect weather data such as
 Educational and Scientific Research temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind
Institutions: The weather station can be speed. This data is then transmitted to a central
used for teaching and experimental server or cloud platform using IoT protocols like
research in educational and scientific MQTT or HTTP. Users can access this data in
research institutions, helping students real-time through a web or mobile application,
and researchers to better understand allowing for remote monitoring and analysis of
climate change and environmental weather conditions. The system can also include
issues. features like data visualization, alerts for
extreme weather events, and historical data
1.2 Objective analysis for forecasting purpose.
Weather station systems are huge, sensitive, and  Hardware Setup: You'll need a
reliable systems. Hence, the key reason that NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller
makes such systems considerably wanted to be board, various sensors (like temperature,
available is the planning issues. This paper humidity, and possibly others for wind
presents a simple way to monitor / store the data speed, rainfall, etc.), and a power
locally that is, the user can equip the system in a source.
specific location and starts recording and
Material Science and Technology ·332·

 Sensor Integration: Connect the areas or in a freezer where the data is to be

sensors to the NodeMCU ESP8266 monitored.
board. Use appropriate libraries and 1.4 EXISTING SYSTEM
wiring to ensure accurate data readings. The existing weather monitoring systems
 Internet Connectivity: NodeMCU generally use weather stations that use multiple
ESP8266 can connect to the internet via instruments such as thermometers, barometers,
Wi-Fi. You'll need to program it to wind vanes, rain gauge etc. to measure weather
connect to your local Wi-Fi network. and climate changes. Most of these instruments
 Data Transmission: Once connected, use simple analog technology which is later
the NodeMCU ESP8266 can send data physically recorded and stored in a data base.
from the sensors to a cloud server or a This information is later sent to news reporting
web server for storage and analysis. stations and radio stations where the weather
 Data Visualization: Develop a web or report is given. Existing weather monitoring
mobile application to visualize the systems that are used in the field generally
weather data in real-time. This could consist of unconventional and heavy machinery
include temperature, humidity, wind that consist maintenance and need to be
speed, and any other data collected by manually monitored and changed frequently.
the sensors. Power requirements are one of major constraints
 Alerts and Notifications: Implement a as these instruments are generally sited for from
feature to send alerts or notifications main power supply. The use of thermometers to
based on certain weather conditions, measure external temperature; however accuracy
such as high winds or heavy rainfall. is still outdated and constantly needs to
 Power Management: Ensure efficient manually check for any change in temperature
power management to prolong the Data is collected from instruments manually to
device's battery life if it's not connected be transferred from logger to the computers.
to a continuous power source. Existing systems contains large and heavy
 Security: Implement security measures instruments that occupies a lots of space which
to protect the system from unauthorized makes it difficult to shift it from one location to
access and ensure the integrity of the other location. The current system always face
data transmitted. problems as delays in warning people about bad
IoT based Live Weather Station Monitoring weather and sudden change.
Using ESP8266. We will interface DHT11 Weather stations are often used to detect weather
Humidity & Temperature Sensor, BMP180 and climatic changes using various sensors such
Barometric Pressure Sensor, and FC37 Rain as thermometers, barometers, wind vanes, rain
gauges, and other devices. In existing weather
Sensor with NodeMCU ESP8266-12E Wi-Fi
Module. We will measure humidity, monitoring systems. The majority of these
temperature, Barometric pressure, and rainfall devices use simple analogue technologies, which
and upload the data to a web server. Once the would then be directly recorded and stored in a
code is uploaded you can find the IP address of database. The weather forecast is then broadcast
on news programs and radio broadcasting using
NodeMCU in the serial monitor. With the same
IP, you can go to any web browser and display this information typically consist of large
the data in a beautiful widget format. The project machinery in several mechanical parts that
is very interesting and can be used in remote require ongoing maintenance and must be
physically inspected and updated on a regular
Material Science and Technology ·333·

basis. Power needs are one of the major

constraints these devices are often positioned far
from the primary power.

Fig-1.4 Rain Guage

A rain gauge is a meteorological instrument that
Fig-1.2 Wind Wane
measures the amount of rain that falls over a
A wind vane, also known as a weathervane or
defined area and time period. It's typically a
weathercock, is a meteorological instrument that
cylindrical container that stores rainfall so it
indicates wind direction. It's made up of a
doesn't evaporate before it can be measured. The
vertical rod with a pointer on one end and a
height of the water in the container is then
tailfin on the other. The tailfin has more wind
measured in millimeters, inches, or centimeters.
drag, so the wind pushes it away, causing the
pointer to rotate and face the wind. The narrow
end of the vane points into the wind, showing
the direction it's coming from.

Fig-1.3 Barometer Fig-1.5 Thermometer

A barometer is a scientific instrument that Thermometers work by using the physical
measures atmospheric pressure, also known as properties of substances, such as how liquids
barometric pressure. It measures air pressure as and solids expand when heated and contract
it changes in relation to distance above or below when cooled. The thermometer has two main
sea level.Barometers are used by meteorologists parts: a sensor that detects temperature changes
to predict weather and altitude. Atmospheric and a device that shows the temperature to the
pressure changes based on distance above or user.Thermometers can measure the temperature
below sea level, so barometers can also be used of solids, liquids, and gases, and the most
to measure altitude. Barometric pressure can common units of measurement are Celsius,
indicate: Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. The Celsius scale is part
 Short-term weather phenomena: Low of the metric system, which is the official system
pressure is associated with clouds, rain, of measurement for most countries in the
and wind. world.Temperature measurement is important
 Altitude: Air pressure and altitude are for many activities, including manufacturing,
directly correlated. scientific research, and medical practice.
Thermometers can also be used as diagnostic
tools to measure the temperature of vehicle
parts, such as tires, engines, and brakes.
The precision or resolution of a thermometer is
simply to what fraction of a degree it is possible
Material Science and Technology ·334·

to make a reading. For high temperature work it transportation, tourism, and emergency
may only be possible to measure to the nearest management.
10 °C or more. Clinical thermometers and many DHT11, BMP180, Rain sensor module, these
electronic thermometers are usually readable to sensors are connected to the Node MCU.
0.1 °C. Special instruments can give readings to Program these sensors and connect to the thing
one thousandth of a degree. However, this speak server. Hence, we can monitor the weather
precision does not mean the reading is true or condition in thing speak server from time to
accurate, it only means that very small changes time. Node MCU helps to collect information
can be observed.A thermometer calibrated to a sent by the sensors. Then, pass it to the database.
known fixed point is accurate (i.e. gives a true This information updates date to date. Collected
reading) at that point. information helps to predict the future weather
1.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM conditions using pandas using linear regression
IOT Live Weather Station Monitoring Using algorithm. Later sends this information to the
NodemCU ESP8266This post is all about IoT webpage to monitor. First the circuit of control
based Live Weather Station Monitoring Using unit system have been made that ESP8266
NodemCU ESP8266. We will interface DHT11 microcontroller control all weather parameters
Humidity & Temperature Sensor, BMP180 sensor, that are DHT11 (Temperature,
Barometric Pressure Sensor, and FC37 Rain Humidity) sensor, BMP180 (Atmospheric
Sensor with NodeMCU ESP8266-12E Wifi pressure), Rain sensor. Then it powered by USB
Module. Once the code is uploaded you can find cable also to upload the sketch of coding in
the IP address of NodeMCU in the serial ESP8266 microcontroller. The sensor data can
monitor. With the same IP, you can go to any be display on serial monitor in Arduino IDE
web browser and display the data in a beautiful software. ESP8266 will connect with the Wi-Fi
widget format. The project is very interesting hotspot that have applied to this system so that
and can be used in remote areas or in a freezer the web server can be create to display all the
where the data is to be monitored. We interfaced sensor data. Data that received by weather
DHT11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor, and station will be displaying on thing speak
FC37 Rain Sensor with NodeMCU ESP8266- demonstrate the communication of both sensor
12E Wi-Fi Module. We will measure humidity, station and weather station by using Wi-Fi
temperature, and rainfall and upload the data to hotspot. The communication is successfully
firebase. Which makes it an IoT based Weather established. The web server contains html that
Station where the weather conditions can be can display the sensor data by simple coding and
monitored from anywhere using the Internet A connection where the IP address of the ESP8266
proposal for weather monitoring using IoT are needed to complete this action are shown in
involves deploying a network of sensors that Figure . After that it will read all the sensor
collect data on various atmospheric parameters value and then send to the cloud data where
such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, and Thing Speak has been uses for this. Thing Speak
rainfall. These sensors are connected to a central will stored the sensor value and display that data
system NODEMCU, allowing for real-time data to the channel create there. The user can check
collection and analysis. By leveraging IoT the weather parameter via Thing Speak websites.
technology, this proposal aims to provide The data has collected from the reading of
accurate, real- time weather information that can ESP8266 for all sensor and send that data to the
benefit various sectors including agriculture, Thing Speak as the results of this project
objective.
Material Science and Technology ·335·

computerthrough the USB2.0 cable. Internet

connection is given to the device to a client can
get access. The MQTT (Message Queuing
Telemetry Transport) protocol to communicate
between the sensor node and clients. Using this
technology client can only able to monitor the
data but cannot make changes. Arduino IO
Fig-1.6 Proposed System server is used to communicate with the hardware
II. LITERATURE SURVEY device
2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY The system has used the python libraries for
There are possible to make the user-friendly live developing the client-server model. The graph is
weather monitoring system using IoT generating all the parameter which varies with
technology. IoT is an Internet of things which respect to time [1]. Board technology which
capable of transferring data over a network carried out the concentration of the gas in the
without requiring human interaction. With the environment. The device composed of MQ135
development of a cloud-based system, the cloud to measure the gases. The gateway used is the
platform can give better weather availability of ESP8266 that receive the data obtained from the
data anywhere and anytime. The weather needs environmental parameter sent to the server. The
easy ways and new techniques for surveillance concentration of the harmful gases in the area
and management. Monitoring the weather can be carried using the device A. Cost Effective
parameter is required to assess the live condition Automatic Weather Station a Review, Mrs. M.
of the weather to takes the right life action M. Raste, Ms. A. A. Pujari, Vinayak
according to fetched data from the device. Aappasaheb Pujari, 2016The proposed system
It is an embedded system which consists of web- uses the solar power panel. This system is used
enabled smart such as processors, sensors and to monitor temperature, wind speed, wind
communication hardware, to fetch, transmit and direction, humidity and rain. The sensed data
work on available data they obtained from their will be sent to GSM module and through
weather. gateway to the personal computer. A server is
The IoT devices sent this processed data to the connected to the database.[7]B. Real Time Data
network gateway, and from there, it will be Transmission for Weather Monitoring System,
available to within network. But by designing Ms. Poonam Khermalis, Ms. Sanika Doke, Ms.
such a system which also available on public Varsha Dherange, Prof. Satyashil Nagrale,
Internet also is make more advantage to human 2016Proposed the weather monitoring system
life. [3]Previously many of IoT based weather using real time data transmission. The proposed
monitoring system design used third parties IoT system uses VAISALA weather transmitter
platform such as Thing Speak. But we have sensor WXT520 to transmit the data to the
designed our cloud-based server because of that control room. It senses the parameters like wind
anyone can easily access our web-based service speed, wind direction, precipitation, atmospheric
or through android app [4].The technology pressure, temperature, relative humidity. This
communicates with the different sensors like real time data is transmitted wirelessly through
Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Light GSM over long distance.
intensity, carbon monoxide and pollution gases. This system provides flexibility as needs
The all environmental parameters are carried out changes.[8]C. Weather Forecasting using
by the Arduino nano which is connected to the Arduino Based Cube-Sat, R. Bhattacharjee, M.
Material Science and Technology ·336·

Sau Giri, P. Bhattacharya, 2016M. Rahaman

Laskar et al. presented paper on weather
forecasting using Arduino and Cube-Sat.: This
proposed system uses temperature and humidity
sensor (DHT11), pressure and altitude sensor
(BMP180) and accelerometer (ADXL-335). The
data processing unit Arduino Uno is used. Cube
satellite is used to provide information of
weather from anywhere without using network.
A gas balloon is used to hold and carry the Cube
satellite. This system is simple to construct,
portable, cost efficient, low power consuming
and reliable. But there are some limitations such
as device may not communicate at long distance
without powerful transceiver section, at higher Serial Monitor
altitude record of data with the help of gas
balloon may be a problem and components may
be damaged by rain or long-time use.
III. METHODOLOGY
This project will focus on development of the
Thing Speak an IoT platform that to show the
data of the sensor. The method divided into two
parts which are hardware and software
ADVANTAGES
development part. The hardware development
 Real-time Data: It provides real-time
involves the circuit construction and develops
weather data, enabling timely decision-
the prototype. Meanwhile, the software part
making for various applications like
involves the IoT coding, circuit schematic
agriculture, transportation, and disaster
diagram, circuit simulation and data acquisition.
management.
By using three types of sensor to monitoring the
 Remote Monitoring: Users can monitor
weather parameter that are temperature,
weather conditions remotely from
humidity, rain, and atmospheric pressure. The
anywhere with an internet connection,
system will be able to display the weather
enhancing convenience and
condition by an analysis about the current
accessibility.
weather with the sensor value data. All the data
 Accuracy: IoT sensors can provide
will be control by a microcontroller ESP8266
highly accurate data, improving the
and NODEMCU as the client that will receive
reliability of weather forecasts and
the sensor data from ESP8266.This system will
environmental monitoring.
be seen on ThingSpeak channel that has been
created to simplify user to check online. The  Cost-effective: Compared to traditional
data collected will be analyse and compare it weather monitoring systems, IoT-based
with Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia to ensure the solutions can be more cost-effective to
precise of data and weather condition. deploy and maintain, especially in
IV. RESULT remote or inaccessible areas.
Material Science and Technology ·337·

 Scalability: The system can be easily and improves the objectivity and
scaled up or down by adding or reliability of data.
removing sensor nodes, making it  Expandability: IOT weather station can
adaptable to different environments and realise remote control and data
requirements. transmission through IOT technology,
 Data Analytics: IoT platforms often which is convenient for system
include data analytics capabilities, upgrading and expansion, and can adapt
allowing users to analyze historical to the ever- changing meteorological
weather patterns and trends for better monitoring needs.
planning and decision-making.  Low cost: the construction and
 Integration: IoT weather stations can maintenance cost of IOT weather station
be integrated with other systems and is relatively low, which can achieve
applications, such as agricultural more efficient weather monitoring and
automation or smart city infrastructure, management, and at the same time can
to enhance functionality and reduce the input of manpower and
efficiency.Data from the weather station material resources.
can be integrated with other systems or  A weather station can act as a
applications for further analysis or thermometer, clock, sound level meter,
decision- making. hygrometer, anemometer, barometer,
 Environmental Monitoring: Beyond etc. in the home barometer, it can also
weather monitoring, IoT sensors can provide information on air quality,
also monitor environmental parameters moon phase, or indoor pollution levels.
like air quality, soil moisture, and Everything you need to get your own
pollution levels, providing weather forecast!
comprehensive insights for various APPLICATIONS
applications. It can help in monitoring  Agriculture: Farmers can use real-time
environmental conditions, aiding in weather data to make informed
research or environmental management decisions about irrigation, fertilization,
initiatives. and pest control, optimizing crop yield
 Customization: Users can tailor the and resource usage.
system to their specific needs, adding  Disaster Management: Authorities can
sensors for monitoring various weather monitor weather conditions in real-time
parametersAllows customization based to anticipate and respond to natural
on specific needs, providing flexibility disasters such as hurricanes, floods, or
in data collection and analysis.. wildfires.
 Efficiency: IoT weather stations can  Transportation: Real-time weather
monitor weather data in real time and data can improve transportation
are able to transmit and process data efficiency by helping drivers plan
quickly, improving the efficiency and routes, anticipate weather-related delays,
accuracy of weather monitoring. and optimize fuel consumption.
 Automation: IOT weather station can  Energy Management: Utility
realise automated data collection, companies can use weather data to
transmission and processing, which optimize energy production and
reduces manual intervention and errors distribution, particularly for renewable
Material Science and Technology ·338·

energy sources like solar and wind  Renewable Energy: Solar and wind
power. farms can optimize their energy
 Construction: Construction companies production based on weather forecasts
can use weather data to schedule and current conditions.
outdoor activities, protect equipment,  Urban Planning: City officials can use
and ensure worker safety. the data to manage infrastructure like
 Outdoor Events: Event organizers can drainage systems and road maintenance
use real-time weather information to during extreme weather events.
plan outdoor events, anticipate crowd  Tourism: Tour operators and hospitality
size, and make adjustments based on services can provide weather updates to
changing weather conditions. travelers, helping them plan their
 Healthcare: Hospitals and healthcare activities accordingly.
facilities can use weather data to FUTURE SCOPE
anticipate spikes in weather- related The future scope of an IoT-based live weather
illnesses and adjust staffing and station monitoring system project is promising.
resources accordingly. With advancements in IoT technology, such
 Smart Homes: Homeowners can use systems can become more sophisticated,
weather data to automate hAgriculture: offering real-time data collection, analysis, and
Farmers can use real-time weather data predictive modeling. Integration with AI
to make informed decisions about algorithms can enhance accuracy and provide
planting, irrigation, and harvesting. valuable insights for various industries like
 Weather Forecasting: Meteorologists agriculture, transportation, and urban planning.
can use data from these stations to Additionally, incorporating renewable energy
improve weather forecasting accuracy. sources for power and improving the scalability
 Smart Cities: City planners can use and interoperability of the system are areas for
weather data to manage resources further development.Weather affects the many
efficiently, such as adjusting lighting fields such as agriculture, industrial area so
and irrigation systems based on weather monitoring station needs and that can take
conditions. measurements of the temperature, rain, light
 Environmental Monitoring: dependent resistor, humidity, barometric
Researchers can use the data to study pressure and save them on a server so that this
climate change, air quality, and and data can be accessed from anywhere via the
sports events more effectively, Internet.
minimizing the impact of adverse Enhanced Accuracy: Continuous
weather conditions on attendees. advancements in sensor technology and data
 Home Automation: Individuals can analytics can lead to even more precise weather
integrate weather data into smart home forecasting and monitoring.
systems to automate tasks such as Scalability: The system can be scaled up to
adjusting thermostats, closing windows, cover larger geographical areas, providing real-
and controlling sprinkler systems based time weather data for various applications such
on current weather conditions. as agriculture, transportation, and urban
 Aviation: Airports can use the weather planning.
information for flight planning, runway Integration with Smart Cities: Integration with
operations, and air traffic control. smart city initiatives can enable better urban
Material Science and Technology ·339·

planning, resource management, and emergency friendly interface or a mobile app, providing
response systems based on real-time weather users with up-to-the-minute weather information
data. for their location.
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