• Key words

Topics l

~ent:e, radius, PYthagoras' theorem, tange nt,~

8.1 Equation of a circle,
centre (0, 0) and radius .r
radius, diameter, tangent, Pythagoras' theorem, mid-point
8.2 Equation of a circle,
centre (a, b) and radius r
8.3 General equation of a circle, tangent, normal, intersect, completing the square
centre (-g, -f) and radius r
8.4 Intersections of a circle intersection, chord, tangent, normal

In this chapter you will ]ear~ how to·

• Know and use the equation of a circle with radius rand centre {a, b}
. . .
• Solve problems involving the intersection of a circle and a straight-line l

• Solve problems involving tangents to a circle

• Solve problems involving the intersection of two circles. I
llililllllr:_..

From your Cambridge IGCSE MathemCltics course you should be able to

• Use Pythagoras' theorem
• Identify the gradient and the equation of a straight-line
• Factorise quadratic equations
• Solve quadratic equations with and without the formula.
5

~l) 1 2 3 7

Why this chapter matters

In coordinate geometry, straight-lines have equations and so do circles. This chapter provides
·.a connection between algebra and geometry through lines and circles. It's useful to recognise
these equations. They are used in computer games both in their creation and their development.

Exploring the topics

As you start to explore this topic, discuss possible answers to the following questions in pairs:
1
Acircle has its centre at the origin and a radl.Us Qf Scm.- How many coordinates can you state
th
at are on the circumference? . • •. '<\: . ·
2
Is it Possible to find all the clr~les ·that. ~Ill ~a~fthrough <4, 3)?
 ~
1
8.1 Equation of a circle, centre (O
and radius r ) 0)
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• •••
••••• •••• ,,
'•
Look at the circle with centre (0, 0), I
radius r.
(x, y) is any point on the circumfere
nce of the circle.

Using Pythagoras' theorem,

x2 + y2 = ,2

This is said to be the equation of the

circle.

This ide ntit y is imp ort ant for

centre (0, 0) wit h any radius. fi d. •
n mg the equatio n of a circle,

Example 1
State the equ af ion of • le wit h centre (0 0}
a circ d
Solution •
' an· a radius of 3 units.

The equation of a circle, cen

tre (0, 0) an d radius
• r is •
We kno w tha t the radius is 3,
so substitute 3 f given by x2 +y2 = ,:,.
x2 + y2 = =
32 9 or r.
So the equation of the circle
is x2 + y2 = 9

Example 2
State the equation of a circle,
centre (0, 0) tha t h
Solution as the poi•nt (S 2 •
' ) on _
the_
clrc
_ um
_ fe..:_re:.:,n:_:c:e·~-----
The equation is of the form y
x2 + y2 = ,2
Substitute 5 for x and 2 for y
Giving 52 + 22 = ,2
(5, 21
25 + 4 = , 2
X
r2 =2 9
So the equ atio n of the circle 2
is x + y2 = 29

8.1 Eq uat ion of a circle, cen tre

170 (0, 0) and radius r
--- ,/
 1e 3
tre and the radius of a circle with eq .
~,rt1P
:=:
2 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
tMe ,en ___ ___ ___ ___:.._u.=at:,o:n:_:9x:2~+~g~y~ 1~
~tate ~
/ion 2
~1-Jli .1011 9x2 + 9y = 16 can be written as x2 +Y2 _ 16 ...
eQLlat - 9 (d1v1d1ng both •d b
~e. f the form x2 + y2 = ,', and so is a circle with centre (O ) s1 es Y 9)
~jS IS O 16 ' 0• .
,2-:: --
G~og 9

,~!! 4
r== --
3

~mple4
~tatethe equation of the tangen t to the circle x2 + y2 = 25 ~t the point (3, 4)
y
~lution
The tangent will have an equation in the form
y=mx+c
Arstfind m, the gradient of the tangent.
The gradient of the radius OT is i, as seen ~nth~ diagram.
3 X
We know that the radius is perpen dicular
tothetangent, so the gradient of the
tangent m, will be ~.
4
Now to find c.

The point where the tangent touches the circle is T(3, 4).
~bst' -3
. itute the value~ x = 3, y = 4 as well as m = 4
into th eequation y = mx + c to give:
..3
4==-
4 X3 +c
4....g
.4 +c
Ct4 ... ....9 9
...._ ==4+ _ 25
4 - --
4 4 -3 25
~thee .
quat,on of the tangent is y = 4 x + 4

. te Geometry of the Circle 171

. coord1na
 txercise 8.1 )( _______ . --
-- ,- -- -- - -- __.,_._ . -- d . - ----·------....._________
State the centre an the radius of circles with an equatio
n: "~ I.
I
a x2 +y2=9
b x2 +y2 = 1 c x2 +y2 = 36 '\
\
\
\
0 State the equation of the cir
cles with:
a Centre (0, 0) and radius
3 b Centre (0, O) and di
e State the equation of the circle
a centre (0, O) and a point
s with:
ameter 8

(3, 4) on the circumference

b centre (0, 0) and a point
(12, S) on the circumfere
nce
t centre (0, O) and a po
I I int (2, -5) on the circumf
\ \ erence
d centre (0, O) and a point
(-1,-4) on the circumfere
nce
\ C, State the radius of each of
the following circles.
a x +y2 =100
2
b x2 +y2 =64 c 9x2 +9y2 =25
0 State the equation of the
circle that has a diameter
from (4, -3) to (-4, 3).
0 A is the point (7, 2) and
Bis the point (-7, -2). State
AB as a diameter. the equation of the circle
with
0 (6, -3) are the coordina
tes of one end of a diame
Calculate the coordinates ter of th
of the other end of this dia e circle with equation x2 +y2=45.
0 State the equation of the
tangent to the circle x2 +y2
meter.

@0 State whether the point (3,

= 169 at the point {5,
12)
equation x2 + y2 = 36 S) lie s on the circle, inside the circle or ou
tside the circle with
@ G) Calculate the area of a cir
cle
Leave your answer in terms with equation x2+y2 = so.
of 1t.

8 .2 Equation of a circle
, centre (a b)
and radius r
................................................. '
Look at the circle
.........•••••••••••••••••• .... •-

with centre (a, b) •• •

is any point on the circumf and radius r.
y
(x, y)
erence of the circle.
The distance between (a,
b) and (x, y) is r, which
is the radius.

. 1 centre (a b) and rad

8.2 Equation of a cir
172 c e, ius r
'
 8. 2 •

tx, y)

(y-b)

(a, b) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.u
..- --- -(x -a )-- -~

mple 5 s, r of the circle, c, with

~ coordinates of centre, A and the length radiu
2
1itate~
e (x-3)2 +(y- 4) = 9 .
equation . . .
hes 1ns1de, outside or on the circle c.
hether poin t P{1, 2)
----------
~~tateW - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - =
,,-----
~ution 2
eornparing (x- 3)2 + (y- 4) = 9 with (x- a) + (y- b)2
2 = ,2
2
1
sub stituted with 3, b has been sub stituted with 4 and r has been
shows that a has been
substituted with 9, so r = Jg = 3
Therefore, a= 3, b = 4 and r = 3
Making the centre {3, 4) and radius 3.
~ length AP is found using Pythagoras' theorem

AP= ✓1+9 = .fio

AP is larger than the radius 3, so point P lies
outside the circle.

&ample 6
~eequation of a circle, centre (2, -3) and radius
./fs •
~lution

~e(2 ,-3) gives a= 2 and 6 =-3; radius ./15 gives r= .fis

~--ap +(y- b)2 = ,2
llecornes (x
- 2) + (y- -3)2 = { "15 )2
2
~- .
~Slfllpl'f
I ies to (x - 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 15

rdinate Geometry of the Circle 173

 Example 7 d. meter from {-6,
• I which has a ,a 5) to {2, 1).
f e~q
S~ t:a t~e ~th ~e~ ~u~ at~ io~ n~o ~a~ c~, r~c ~e_
:_= .=~ ---- ---- ---- -~
Solution
.
. d the centre and the radius, r, of the circle.
You nee d to f 1n
f
The centre will be the mid-point of the line
segment rom
(-6, 5) to (2, 1).
(-6, 5)

Th IS IS (-6 + 2 , 5 + 1)-(
. .
2
2 - ~ ~
2 ' 2
) = (-2, 3)

You can use Pythagoras' theorem to find

the radius using
one end point and the centre.

If you choose (-6, 5) and {-2, '3) and form

a
right-angled triangle, then r will be the
hypotenuse of the triangle.
,2 = 42 + 22 = 16 + 4 = 20 (-6, 5)

The equation of the circle is {x - a)2 + (y- 2 2

b) = r
where a = -2, b = 3 and r 2 = 20
is {x - -2) 2 + {y- 3)2 = 20 2
This simplifies to (x + 2)2 + {y- 3)2 = 20

~---4 -----

Exercise 8.2 )(
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -·
0 State the equation of each of the following
circles. ·
a Centre (3, 2) and radius 5 b Centre (-1, -2) and radius 4
c Centre (-2, 3) and radius .fa d Centre (-4, 0) and radius .Jfs
8 State th~ equation of the circle with:
a centre (2, 1) and having point (3, 6) on
the circumference.
b centre (-2, -3) and having point (0, 5)
on the circumference.
c Centre (4, -2) and having point (0, 0) on
the circumference .

• State the coordi~ates of the centre and the

following equations.
a (x _ 3)2 + (y- 2) 2 = 36
length of the radius of the circles with the

b (x + 3)2 + (y- 1)2 =

16
c (x - 5)2 + (y + 1)2 = 1 d (x - 4)2 + y2 = 25

8.2 Equ atio n of a circle,

174
 ation of a circle which has a diameter from (S, 4) to (1, 2).
he eqll
1
~,1e eqllation of a circle which has a diameter from (-G, S) to (2, 1).
~ he
I
A;iate shows triangle ABC in a circle where:
V d·agrarTl
Ar~e i ordinates (-2, 10)
V has co
~ d·nates (10, 26)
,oor '
8haS
dinates (-4, 24)
scoor
cha t ate that triangle ABC is right-angled.
enions r .
a D h equation of the e1rcle that passes
through
tate t e d
b S d'nates A, B an C.
coor '
whether the point (6, -3) lies inside or outside the
2 2
a s~atle cwith equation (x- 4) + (y + 1) = 25
0 circ e
b state the coordinates of all the points that lie on the
circle Cwhere these are integers.

~.3 General equation of a circle,

centre (-g, -fl and radius r
•••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •
t
•••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• •••• ••••
1111 Ifft t

Theequation of a circle can be written in another form

.
2 2
~anding (x- a)2 +(y- b) = r
~wes 2
2
x2-2ax+ a2 + y2 -2by + b = r 2
2 2
x2+y2 - 2ax - 2by = r - (a + b )
The centre of this circle is (a, b).
~rou.replace a and b with -g and -f, you can rewrite
the
fijuat1on as

x2 +yi +2gx +2fy = ,2 - (g2 + fl)

Now let c=(g2 +f2) _ , 2
~en you .
can rewrite the equation as:
x2+y2 +2gx + 2fy + C = 0
,
.. "' - · ·. • ---• i .,,...' .: '~•.· .-: · ,.,-1.-• 1,•l ,,.._.,;:,••

x2 +y 2 + 2gx+.2fy+ ,,;,
iHhe equation of a circ le,'~ ~~
With a radiu
..
s ,_of ~g 2 + f2 -
. . .. . ~• ".....
) ,;. ,, .
c.
~,.•.,\.

8: Coordinate Geometry of the Circle 175

i1~ m _ _u
--
Example 8
. f h . . .
State the coordinates o t e centre, and the radius of a c1rcle with equation
x2 +y2 +Gx - 2y- 6 = 0

Solution
. f • • 2 +y2 +2gx +2fy +c =
The general equation o a c1rc1e is x 0
So, in the given equation: g = 3, f = - 1 and
c= - 6
This gives the centre of the circle (-g, -f)
as (-3, 1)
The radius is given by r= .)(g +f c) = 2
2 2

-
✓(3
+(-1)
2

- -6) = ,/16 =
4
Coordinates of the centre are {-3, 1)
and the radius is 4 units.

Example 9
State the equation of the tangent to
the circle x 2

+y +3x - 2y - 13 = 0 at the point (2, 3).

2

Solution
The general circle equation is x2 +y2
+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
So, in the given equation, g = 3 , f =
-1
2
This gives the centre of the circle (--g, -f} as
( - ~ , 1)
The radius is a normal to the tangen
t at (2, 3),
so you first need to calculate the gra
dient of the normal.
.
Gradient= 3- 1 2 4
=- =_
2 - --3
7 7
2 2
The gradient of the tangent is the neg
ative reciprocal
of the gradient of the normal: _?_
4
You
y _ 3can calculate the equation of the
_ 7 tangent by using th
e gra d'1ent and the point (2, 3):
x- 2
-- -4
This gives 4y- 12 = -7x + 14
4y+ 7x = 14 + 12 = 26
Equation of tangent is 4y + 7x = 26

Exercise 8.3 )(
--
• State the coordinates of the centre and ----✓~1
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-

the
_ _

radi
__

us of the circ
, _ -
-

2 . • s
a x2 +y + 4x - 6y- 4 = O les with each of these equation, I

b x2 + y2 - Bx + 2y - 1 = o

0 A circle with centre (3, -1) passes thro

State the equation of the circle.
ugh point c6 3)
' •

l-------8.3~=
1

==~:at":~1ii--:::-:--:-----------____.,,-
176 General equ
and radius / -g, -f) r
 •
• circle.
hetherthe given points are inside, on or outsi'd e each given
siate W
' (--2, 3): x2 +y2 - 6x +4y- 3 = 0
a ')· x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y + 30 = o
(3, 'J • 2
: (~ ,_4): xi+y +8x-4 y+ 18=0
1
•
• point.
n of the tangent to each of these circles at th e given
{,\ Givf the equatio
t'' j+ y2 +zx-4 y-20 = 0 atthe point (2, 6)
: x2+ y2-4x -6y-1 0 = Oatthe point (-3, 15)
0Give the equation of the tangent at the point (2, 5) of a circle with centre (0, O).
f Give the equation of the tangent at the point (4, -1) of a circle with centre (2, 1).
•rcle has the equation x + y +4x + 4y- 12 = o.
2 2

0 :h~ point (--2, k) lies on the circumference of the circle.

Give the two possible values of k.

Acircle has the e~ua_t,o_n x +y .- 2x- 4y- 9 = o.

• 2 2

0 The point (2, m) hes 1ns1de the circle.

Give the range of values form.

8.4 Intersections of a circle

....................................................................................
Intersection of a circle with a straight-line
2
2
U~ing the equation of a circle: x +y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
and the equation of a straight-line y = mx + c
there will be three possibilities:
i The line cuts the circle at two different points.
" The line just touches the circle at one point.
• does not cut through the circle at all.
.WThehne
I ••
II

\~
ai cuts the circle . h th Th• Un• and the clrcI•
two l>Oint The lint touc •• • do not lnterstct
lo •· circle ot on• point
r nd
1~~~~~blems Involving any possible Intersections of cl cie a
. ne, You use the following process,
·nate Geometry of the Circle 177
 Solve the two equations simultaneously to get a quadratic
equation.
i If the quadratic equation has two distinct roots, there are two
intersections.
ii If the quadratic equation has only one root, then the straight-
line is a tangent to the circle (one point of intersection).
iii If the quadratic equation has no (real) roots, then there are no
points of intersection.

Example 10
~alculate the points of intersection of the circle x2 +y 2 + 4x - 2y = Owith th r
if there are any. e 1ne y,. 2x +1,

Solution
Solve simultaneously:
Y=2x+ 1 (1)
~+~+~-~=o m·
Substitute equation (1) into equation (2)
x2+(2x+ 1)2+4x-2(2x+ 1)=0
x2 + 4x2 + 4x + 1 + 4x - 4x - 2 = 0

Sx2+4x-1 =0
(Sx - 1)(x + 1) = 0
1
X= - or x=-1
Substitute x into equation (1) 5

x= ~ gives y = 2 x ..!. + 1 = 7
I 5 5
x =-1 gives y =2 x -1 + 1 =-1
(.! Z)
So, the line cuts the circle at points 5, 5 and (-1, -1)

Example 11
~alculate the points of intersection of the • I 2
1f there are any. c,rc ex +y2 + 2x -y-s-o .
~~;;---------------~---~w:,t:h~t:he~ lin:e~3:¥==~10~-:4X,
Solution _......
Solve simultaneously:
3y= 10-4x (1)
x 2 + y2 + 2x - y- 5 = o (2)

178 8.4 Intersections of a circle

 . n (1) into equation (2)
uat10

~~~ (~-~x
•~te e<i )2 +2X- (3-3x
1O 4 )
-5 = 0
t2~ 3 3
so 16 x2 + 2x - -10 + -4 x - 5 = 0
1oO ... ___ x+ 9 3 3
9
r{1' ~x2 - ~x- ~ =0
9 9 9
~ (x2 + 2x - 1) = O
9
~ (x-1)2 =0
9
• one root, so there is a tangent where x = 1
. has on1y
•~~ x•into equation (1)
• ·tute
~b5tl
: . 3.v::: 10 - 4 X 1 = 6
: ,~ 1gives ,

' ,~2 . .
·ne is a tangent to the circle at pomt (1, 2).
~,the l1

~xample 12
Demonstrate that there are no points of intersection between the circle with equation
t+ y2-4x- 6y: 13 = 0 and the straight-line with equation y = Sx + 3

~lution
~Ive simultaneously:
. y=5x+3 (1)
x2+y2-4x-6y+ 13 = 0 (2)
Substitute equation (1) into equation (2)
2
x+(Sx+ 3)2 -4x-6(5x + 3) + 13 = O
2 2
x+25x +30x+9-4x-3Ox-18+ 13=0
26x2-4X+4=Q
Trytosolve using -b ± ✓b2 - 4ac
• Where a- 26 b 2a
- , = -4 and c = 4
Subst·
itute into (b2 - 4ac)
Thisgive b2
s - 4ac = 16 - 4 x 26 x 4 = -400
The square
equatio root of -400 is not a real number, so there are no real solutions to the quadratic
n.
lherefore th 1· •
' e 1ne does not intersect the circle.

Chapter 8: Coordinate Geometry of the Circle 17g

 Intersection o f two circ
1 First w rit e bo th cir
les
cle equations in th e fo rm 2 j
X + y2 + 2gx + 2f y + c = o.
Label th em (1) and (2)
2 Su bt ra ct one eq ua
tio n fro m th e ot he r.
3 This wi ll give a lin ear equation (the equa
tion of th e co
mmon chord).
This wi ll be (3)
I I 4 Substitute eq ua tio
\ l n (3) in to ei th er (1) or
II (2) to fin d possible so
5 Substitute these va lu tio ns fo r x.
II lues of x in to eq ua tio
n (3) to fin d th ey -c oo
I l th e po in ts of intersecti rd in at es of
I on.
I I
6 You can no w wr ite
I I th e coordinates of th
e po in ts of in te rs ec tio
I
I
I n.
Example 13
Calculate th e po in ts
of intersection of th e
x 2 + Y2 - Gx - Sy - 11 circles w ith eq ua tio ns
= 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 2x
- 1py - 10 = 0
Solution
I I
Solve simultaneously
x 2 + Y 2 - Gx - By - 11
=O (1)
x 2 + Y2 + 2x - 1Oy -
1O = O (2)
Su bt ra ct eq ua tio n (1)
fro m eq ua tio n (2):
8x -2 y+ 1 =0
Rearrange to make y
th e subject:
y= 4x + - 1
2 (3)
Su bs tit ut e eq ua tio n
(3) in to eq ua tio n (1)
x 2 + ( 4x + ;J -6 x -8 ( 4x + ;) -1 1
x 2 + 16 x2 + 4x + .! -
=0
:

6x - 32 x - 4 - 11 = O
4
17x2 - 34 x- 59 = o
M ul tip ly each te rm by 4
4:
68 x2 - 13 6x - 59 = O
ii .
Solve using - .J
-b ± b 2 - 4a c
-----
2a
wh er e a = 68 , b = -3
4 an d c = -5 9
136 ± ✓136 2 + 4 X 68 X
X=
59 136 ± ✓34544
2 X 68 - 136
x == 2. 37 an d -0 .3 7
Su bs tit ut e th es e value
s in to eq ua tio n (3).
When x == 3.37, y == 14.0
W he n x = -0 .3 7, y= -1
Th e po in ts of In te rs .0
ec tio n (to 1 d. p. ) are
(3 .4, 14.0) an d (-0 .4 ,
-1 .0)
8. 4 In te rs ec tio ns
18 0 of a ci rc le
Je r1 /-;
·~e s.4 ---------
points of inte rse ctio n of:
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
~tcLJlate th line y=x + 1
cal' . x2+ y2+ 6x- y+ 3= 0a nd the
, e ,,rcle Ii ne y = x _ 1
th . le xi + y2 - 2x + 4y - 5 = O and the
8
tne ,,re . .
b te tha t the re are no poi nts of inte rse ctio n of the circle
oefflonstra _ iy+ 15 = O and the line y
= 4x + 1
0 1
2+Y 2-6X
of inte rse ctio n of the circles
the coordinates of the2poi nts 2 + 4x - Sy -12 = o
ca1,ulate4 _ 1oy - 9 = O and x + y
0 2
,2+ Y - :oordinates cor rec t to 1 decimal plac •
Give your
e.

gen t to the circle

nstrate tha t theOline 2y = 12 - x Is a tan ,.
oemo .:
0 a x2 +y2 _ sx + 2y- 3 = .
le.
b calculate the coordinates of the poi
nt whe re the tan gen t touches the circ
the poi nt A(10, 7).
Acircle with centre (2, 1) passes thro ugh
0 Give the equation of the tan gen t to the
circle at poi nt A.
wit h equations
A G've the equation of the com mo n cho rd bet wee n the circles
2
= 25 and x + y - 16x - Sy+ 15 = 0
2
W :2 +y2
8(6,2), C(10,7) and
0Acircle1). isEachdrawsiden inofathe
square, ABCD, wit h coordinates A(1,6),
square is a tan gen t to the circle.
D(S,1
Give the equation of the circle.

... . . ....... _..... ... .. .. . . . . . . .. . . _.... .... .... .... .

f~~g-~e~~ion c~~ ~~ list _ _... ___ . .. . . .. le.usin g a circle equ atio n in any form .
0lean identify the centre and radius of a circ
ight-line.
DIcan find the points of intersection of a circle wit h a stra
DIcan find the equation of a tan gen t to a circle.
,DIcan find the points of intersection of two circles.
1

0 can solve problems involving the intersection of two circles.

1

181
ter 8: coo rdi nat e Geo me try of the Cir cle
 Cha pter revi ew 1 (___ ___ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----

'rd
/IA..
O ----· ----- ---- -
The circle Chas centre A and equa
tion x2 + y2 + 2x - 1Oy + 6 = 0

a Find the coordi nates O

f A d the radius of C.
an
b The line L has equat ion 2Y-x = 1.
Show that L is a tange nt to the ctrcle C.
0 The circle C has centre A and equat ion x2 + yi - 6x + 4y + 3 = O
a Find the coordi nates of A and the radius of C.
b The point p has coordi nates (6, -1}
i Show that P lies on C.
ii The line PQ is a diame ter of C. State the coord inates of Q.
c The line L has equati on y = x - 2 (4

Find the coordi nates of the points of inters ection of L and C.

(4
I 0 The circle C has centre A and equati on x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 4y- 9 = 0
a i Find the coordi nates of A.
ii The point P has coordi nates (-2, -1} and lies on C.
Give the equati on of the tange nt to C at P.
(5
b The line L has equati on y=x+ 7
Show that L and C do not interse ct.
(4
0 The circle C1 has centre A and equati on x 2 + y 2 - 16x + 18y- 80 = 0
a Find the coordi nates of A and the radius of C .
1 (3
b A second circle C2 has centre (2, -1) and radius 5.
C1 and C2 have a comm on tangen t.
i Give the equati on of the comm on tange nt.
ii Find the coordi nates of the point of contac t of C and C . (7
1 2
)( 0 The circle C has centre A and radius r.

The points P(2, -9) and Q(4, 5) are at either end of a diame ter of C.
a i Find the coordi nates of A.
ii Show that r = $o
iii Find the equati on of C. (4
b Show that the point R(B, -7) lies on c. (2

) ( . The circle C has centre A and equati on x2 + y2 +Bx_ By-

68 = o
a i Find the coordi nates of A and the radius of c.
ii
The point P has coordi nates (-7, 1).
Determ ine wheth er P lies inside c, or on (5 lfl'
c, or outsid e c.
b The line L has equati on 4y = 3x - 22
i Show that L is a tange nt to the circle c.
ii find the coordi nates of Q, the point of contac t of L and c.

182 chapt er review

 ·;· • \
S .4
3 and radius 5• The circle C has centre B(9, -8) and radius 15.
e circle C 1 has cen tre A( - , S) 2
{O 4)
8 1h that c1 and C2 touch at the point ' •
j . show . (7 marks)
the equ atio n of the tan ge nt tha t Is common to both circles.
V '.. find
11
2
hat the equation x +y + 6x - 1Oy
2 + 40 = o
(3 marks)
b show t be an equ atio n of a circ le.
,annot
s centre A and radius r.
either end of a diameter of c.
·rcle Cha
~ rt,e '' . ts p(-1, -2) and Q(9, 2) are at
V rt,e poin
. find the coordinates of A.
(3 marks)
1 t r = ,./29
'.. shoW tha (3 marks)
H wthat the poi nt R(6 , 5) lies on C.
. . s. Find the
b ShO int R meets the x-axis at the point
The tangent to the c1rc le fro m po (3 marks)
oth er tan ge nt to the circ le tha t also passes through the point s.
' equation of the
2 Bx _ 1Oy +21 = 0
OThe circle c has centre A and equation x +y2 +
radius of c.
aI
. Find the coordinates of A and the
, 1).
ii The point P has coordinates (-6
(5 marks)
ine wh eth er P lies ins ide C, or on C, or outside c.
Determ
b The line L has equation y = 2x + 3
i Show that L is a tangent to the
circle C.
(5 marks)
ii Find the coordinates of Q, the
point of contact of Land C.
n x2 +y 2 + Bx - 18y + 25 = O
f The circle C1 has centre A and equatio
the radius of C1•
a i Find the coordinates of A and
ii Calculate the shortest distance
from the origin to the circle C1•
(5 marks)
.
Give your answer to 2 decimal places
b The line L has equation y = 3(x - 1).
at the points P and Q.
The line Land the circle c1 intersect
Find the coordinates of Pand Q.
is a common chord of C1 and C2.
ii The circle C2 has centre B(S, 6). PQ (7 marks)
Find the equation of C2.

~Pa nt International
~~~Perques by permission of Cambridge Assessme
,~ . 0th tions are r1pa,
erchapqr Ions have been written by the authors.