Review Related Literature for Written

Communication
Communication plays a vital role in our society because only through
communication can we build something remarkable such as relationship with
others as well as expressing our needs. Because just like other aspects we need
to consider to make this world a better place, we also need to be
knowledgeable in regards with how communication works for the efficiency of
our society.
According to Leagans (1961), Communication is the process by which two
or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings or impressions in ways that each
gains a common understanding of the meaning, intent and use of messages.
The term ‘communication’ meaning’ ‘common’. Communication, then is a
conscious attempt to share information, ideas, attitudes and the like with
others. In essence it is the act of getting a sender and a receiver turned
together for a particular message, or a series of message. “Communication”
means the movement of knowledge to people in such ways that they act on
that knowledge to achieve some useful result which can either be for the good
of the mass or an individual.
Thereby, according to Winfield (1957), communication encompasses the
entire learning process. It includes the teacher, the message or content to be
taught, the means or media used to convey the message, the treatment
provided by those media, learning accomplished by the audience or student,
and the actions taken to put the learning into practice.”
The majority of future growth will be driven by better technology and
improved communication skills. Too many people saying the wrong thing at the
inappropriate moment, in the wrong way, and to the wrong people slows
development down. More people need to say way, and the right people.
Because communication is regarded as the fundamental aspect that facilities
implementation of various tasks and activities, achievement of personal and
professional goals and enrichment of the overall quality of lives of the
individual, Radhika Kapur (2020).
In accordance with the study conducted by Agustina (2020), the process
of communication involves verbal and non-verbal communication, wherein the
sender generates and idea, then encodes and transmit the message, the
receiver will receive and decodes the transmitted idea in the end providing
feedback, consequently reaching clarification in the end.
As stated by Radhika Kapur during 2020, The elements of communication
such as sender, receiver, channel, noise, message, feedback, encoding and
decoding are regarded as fundamental in facilitating the communication
processes. The reason being, in all types of settings, the individuals
communicate with each other in terms of number of aspects. These include,
asking questions, obtaining answers, providing information, giving suggestions,
expressing ideas and viewpoints and making provision of help and assistance.
Communication is diverse in terms of the situation or environment
(context) we are in when communicating with others. And based on the
literature published by Carl Jhon Carolino (2021) communicators such as
Interpersonal communication; refers to communication between two or more
people, intrapersonal communication refers to an individual’s own personal
dialogue as well can public and mass communication that involves a larger
audience.
That’s where the models of communication comes, the models of
communication is a tool of explanation and analyses, very often in a
diagrammatic form, to show how the various elements of situation being
studied relate to each other. There are various models of communication.
Firstly, the Aristotle model of communication, Aristotle the renowned
Greek philosopher, developed the first symmetrical and basic model of
communication almost 2000 years ago. Aristotle’s approach comprises five key
parts of communication: the speaker, the speech or message ,the listener, the
occasion, and the result. In his rhetoric, Aristotle advises the speaker on how
to design a speech for different audiences and occasions for varied outcomes.
This model is most suitable for public speaking conforming to Devito (1978).
Secondly, we have Lasswell model (1948) which states that to understand
the process of mass communication one needs to study each of the stages in
his model.” Who says what in which channel to who, and with what effect.”
Furthermore, we also known as telephone model which is based on the
experience of using the telephone back in the 1940’ where in the message was
hindered by noise, therefore the message received by the listener was not
necessarily the message sent by the sender.
Moreover, one of the more recent models of the communication process
is provided by Everett Rogers and D. Lawrence Kincaid (1981). The authors
described what they termed a convergence model of communication that
stressed the important of information land the manner in which information
links individual together in social network.

They described communication as a process in which individuals create

and share information with one another in order to reach mutual
understanding. This cyclical process involves giving meaning to information that
was exchange between two or more individuals as they move towards one
another, and the unite in a common interest or focus. As well as the model
proposed by David Berlo’s Model (1960), inspired by the Aristotle’s model, it
also takes into account the emotional aspect of the message, strictly follows
the SMCR model.
Additionally, Frank Dance also proposes the Helical model if
communication in (1967), this model present the concepts of time where
continuousness of communication process is very important because is this
model, communication is a dynamic process that progresses as time pass by.
Taking all of that into consideration, communication plays an essential
role in our society that covers a very wide range of obligations and sections
which involves many information including the processes, modes, function,
elements, models, as well as numerous barriers of communication. And
knowing this information wouldn’t hurt our brain but it would be very
beneficial for us because having knowledge as well as applying it in our life is
small changes that make big changes in our society.