PREFACE

Welcome to the Syntactic Structures workbook! This workbook is here to help you understand how
words come together to form a meaningful sentences. By learning about the rules and structures of
syntax, you'll be able to communicate more effectively.

In this workbook, you'll find exercises, examples, and activities that will guide you through the study
of syntactic structures. These exercises will help you recognize different sentence structures,
transform sentences, and build your own. The goal is to give you the tools and practice you need to
master the way words interact within sentences.

No matter if you're a student, a language enthusiast, or simply looking to improve your

communication skills, this workbook is designed to support your learning journey. As you progress
through the exercises, you'll gain a deeper understanding of how words work together to create
meaning. Remember, mastering syntactic structures will empower you to express yourself clearly and
confidently.

We hope this workbook becomes a valuable resource for you, inspiring you to explore the fascinating
world of syntactic structures. Enjoy the process of discovery and have fun uncovering the beauty of
language construction.

Learning Objectives:
By the end of this workbook, learners will be able to:
 Understand the concept of syntactic structures and their significance in forming sentences.
 Develop proficiency in constructing grammatically correct sentences using various syntactic
structures.
 Cultivate a positive attitude towards the study of syntactic structures, recognizing their
importance in language comprehension and expression.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter I The Internal Structure of Words and Process
Chapter II Nouns
Chapter III Pronouns
Chapter IV Adjectives
Chapter V Adverbs, Preposition, Conjunction & Interjection
Chapter VI Sentence Types, Structures and Functions
Chapter VII Syntax: Phrases and Clauses Phrase
Chapter VIII Clause
Chapter IX Conditionals: Real Condtionals & Unreal Conditionals
Chapter X Syntactic Structures
 PREPARATION
Before delving into the in-depth exploration of syntactic structures, let's lay the groundwork for this
intellectually stimulating journey. This section will engage your critical thinking and prepare you for
the captivating lessons that lie ahead.

Engaging Activity:
Let's challenge your linguistic prowess with an activity that will test your ability to analyze sentence
structures. Below are two sentences with their constituent parts scrambled. Your task is to
reassemble the words and phrases to form grammatically correct and coherent sentences:

1. sentence structure the importance of understanding in mastering lies.

2. elements the various sentence sentence structure a sentence of comprise.

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Quotes or Anecdotes:
Dive into the wisdom of linguist Steven Pinker, who once remarked, "Grammar is a piano I play by ear.
All I know about grammar is its power." Contemplate this quote as we embark on our study of
syntactic structures, where the mastery of grammar empowers us to express ourselves with precision,
elegance, and impact.

Real-World Examples:
Consider the following sentence: "With swift and graceful strides, the marathon runner crossed the
finish line." Reflect on how the syntactic structures of modification and coordination enhance the
sentence, allowing us to vividly portray the runner's athleticism and triumph.

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With these thought-provoking activities, complex visuals, insightful quotes, and rich examples, you are
now primed to delve deeper into the intricate world of syntactic structures. Prepare to unlock the
secrets behind constructing sophisticated and impactful sentences that leave a lasting impression.

PRESENTATION/DISCUSSION:
In this part of the workbook, we will focus on specific lessons that are important for understanding
syntactic structures. It's like a guide that tells you what we will be talking about in each chapter.

Let's break it down:

In the chapter on the structure of predication, we will learn about verbs and how they work as the
main part of a sentence. We will explore different types of verbs and understand how they interact
with subjects to create meaningful statements. We will also look at subject-verb agreement and how
complements add important information to complete the meaning.
Moving on to the structure of modification, we will dive into how adjectives, adverbs, and other
modifiers add more details and describe nouns, verbs, and other elements in a sentence. We will learn
about the placement and order of modifiers, compare things using comparative and superlative
forms, and understand the role of adverbial phrases.

Next, in the structure of coordination, we will discover how words, phrases, and clauses can be
connected to form compound structures. We will explore coordinating conjunctions and see how they
help combine different elements in a sentence. We will also learn about the importance of keeping
things balanced and coherent when using coordination.

Finally, in the structure of complementation, we will focus on how complements provide extra
information or complete the meaning of verbs, nouns, and adjectives. We will learn about different
types of complements, such as direct objects, indirect objects, and subject complements, and
understand how they fit into the overall sentence structure.

QUICK CHECK:
Now that we have discussed the key concepts in this chapter, let's check your understanding with a
quick check. Answer the following questions to assess your comprehension:

1. What is the main focus of the chapter on the structure of predication?

a) Subject-verb agreement
b) Verb tenses
c) Word order in a sentence

2. Which part of speech adds more details and describes nouns, verbs, and other elements?
a) Adverbs
b) Conjunctions
c) Pronouns

3. How are words, phrases, and clauses connected in the structure of coordination?
a) By using coordinating conjunctions
b) By changing word order
c) By adding punctuation marks

4. What do complements do in a sentence?

a) Provide additional information or complete the meaning of verbs, nouns, and adjectives
b) Show the tense of a sentence
c) Indicate the subject of a sentence

5. In a sentence, what does the subject represent?

a) The person performing the action
b) The action being performed
c) The thing receiving the action

6. What is the function of an object in a sentence?

a) It provides additional information about the subject.
b) It receives the action of the verb.
c) It modifies the verb.
7. Which type of complement completes the meaning of a linking verb?
a) Subject complement
b) Direct object
c) Indirect object

8. What is the purpose of using adverbial phrases in a sentence?

a) To describe the subject of the sentence
b) To modify a verb, adjective, or adverb
c) To connect two independent clauses

9. What is the correct order of adjectives in English?

a) Opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose
b) Size, color, shape, material, origin, purpose, opinion, age
c) Size, age, color, shape, opinion, origin, material, purpose

10. Which type of conjunction is used to show contrast?

a) Coordinating conjunction
b) Subordinating conjunction
c) Correlative conjunction

11. Identify the coordinating conjunction in the following sentence: "I love both chocolate and vanilla
ice cream."
a) both
b) and
c) love

12. What is the purpose of using parallelism in sentence construction?

a) To create complex sentence structures
b) To emphasize certain words or phrases
c) To maintain balance and clarity

13. What does the term "syntactic structure" refer to?

a) The arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence
b) The overall meaning of a sentence
c) The pronunciation and intonation of words

14. Which type of verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning?
a) Intransitive verb
b) Transitive verb
c) Auxiliary verb

15. What is the function of an adverb in a sentence?

a) To describe a noun
b) To modify a verb, adjective, or adverb
c) To connect two independent clauses
16. Identify the subject in the following sentence: "The cat chased the mouse."
a) cat
b) chased
c) mouse

17. What is the purpose of using parentheses in writing?

a) To indicate a pause in a sentence
b) To enclose additional information or clarifications

18. Which part of speech is used to connect words, phrases, or clauses?

a) Conjunction
b) Preposition
c) Interjection

19. What is the purpose of using a subordinating conjunction?

a) To show contrast between two ideas
b) To connect two independent clauses
c) To introduce a dependent clause

20. Identify the indirect object in the following sentence: "She gave her friend a gift."
a) She
b) her friend
c) a gift

21. What is the role of a relative pronoun in a sentence?

a) To show possession
b) To introduce a dependent clause
c) To express strong emotion

22. In the structure of coordination, what is the purpose of using correlative conjunctions?
a) To connect independent clauses
b) To express cause and effect relationships
c) To link parallel elements within a sentence

23. What does it mean when a sentence is in the passive voice?

a) The subject performs the action.
b) The subject receives the action.
c) The subject is not explicitly stated.

24. Identify the subject complement in the following sentence: "She is a doctor."
a) She
b) is
c) doctor

25. How does the structure of a sentence affect its meaning?

a) It determines the subject of the sentence.
b) It can change the emphasis or clarity of the message.
c) It determines the tense of the verb.
 CONCRETIZING
Sentence Transformation: Take the following sentence and transform it using different
sentence structures:

Sentence: "The cat chased the mouse."

 Transform it into a compound sentence using coordination;

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 Change it into a passive sentence;

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 Turn it into a complex sentence using a subordinating conjunction;

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Sentence Analysis
Instructions: Carefully analyze each sentence and fill in the blanks with the appropriate labels.
Identify the subject, verb, objects, and any modifiers or additional elements present in the sentence.
Pay attention to the different sentence structures and syntactic components used. Write your
answers in the spaces provided.
Note: Some sentences may contain more than one of each component. Ensure that you identify all
relevant components accurately. If a component is not present in a sentence, write "N/A" in the
corresponding blank.

1. Sentence: The dog eagerly chased the frisbee in the park.

- Subject: ______________________________
- Verb: ________________________________
- Direct Object: _________________________
- Adverbial Modifier: _____________________

2. Sentence: After finishing his dinner, John went for a walk.

- Subject: ______________________________
- Verb: ________________________________
- Adverbial Modifier: _____________________
- Adverbial Clause: _______________________

3. Sentence: The professor explained the concept using visual aids.

- Subject: _______________________________
- Verb: _________________________________
- Direct Object: __________________________
- Prepositional Phrase: ____________________
4. Sentence: She sang a melodious song at the talent show.
- Subject: ________________________________
- Verb: __________________________________
- Direct Object: ___________________________
- Adjective Phrase: ________________________

5. Sentence: Despite the heavy rain, they continued their outdoor picnic.
- Subject: ________________________________
- Verb: __________________________________
- Adverbial Modifier: _______________________
- Subordinating Conjunction: ________________

Creative Sentence Construction

Instructions: Using the provided prompt as a guide, create five unique sentences about your favorite
vacation destination. Each sentence should showcase a different syntactic concept, such as
Predication, Modification, Coordination, or Complementation. Be sure to explain the concept you
used in each sentence and how it enhances the meaning or description of the destination.
Prompt: "Describe your favorite vacation destination using different syntactic structures."

Example Answer:
Sentence: My favorite vacation destination is a perfect blend of relaxation and adventure, offering
pristine beaches for sunbathing and crystal-clear waters for snorkeling and diving.
Explanation: In this sentence, Coordination is used to combine multiple elements or ideas related to
the destination. The phrase "pristine beaches for sunbathing" and "crystal-clear waters for snorkeling
and diving" are coordinated using the conjunction "and." This coordination allows for the inclusion of
multiple features of the vacation destination, emphasizing both the opportunity for relaxation on the
beaches and the thrilling activities of snorkeling and diving in the clear waters. By coordinating these
elements, the sentence effectively portrays a well-rounded and appealing vacation experience.

REFERENCES
Review: [Untitled] on JSTOR. (n.d.). https://www.jstor.org/stable/411160

Linzen, T., & Baroni, M. (2021). Syntactic Structure from Deep Learning. Annual Review of

Linguistics, 7(1), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-032020-051035

Sentence Structure (Quiz) | Grammar | EnglishClub. (n.d.).

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/sentence/sentence-structure-quiz.php

Quizizz — The world’s most engaging learning platform. (n.d.).

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/56bb75a1a92596df1d394c9c/sentence-structure