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The document outlines the human gas exchange system and the process of breathing, detailing the roles of various organs and muscles involved. It explains how inhalation and exhalation occur through changes in volume and pressure within the chest. Additionally, it includes practical tasks and checks to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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Angeline Angel
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21 views33 pages

Slidedeck

The document outlines the human gas exchange system and the process of breathing, detailing the roles of various organs and muscles involved. It explains how inhalation and exhalation occur through changes in volume and pressure within the chest. Additionally, it includes practical tasks and checks to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

Angeline Angel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The human gas

exchange system
and breathing

Science

Unit: Breathing and respiration


Oak’s lesson structure Useful links
Oak’s lessons are structured around learning cycles. Advice on how to use Oak lessons to bring the
These are indicated through colour in the slide deck: lesson to life in your classroom and best fit the
needs of your pupils.

Each learning cycle covers several phases:


Outcome

I can describe how humans breathe, including the roles of


different parts of the gas exchange system.
Keywords

gas exchange system

pressure

volume

inhalation

exhalation
Keywords

The human gas exchange system is a group of organs


that work together to enable us to breathe.

The molecules of a gas in a container collide with the walls


of the container and this creates pressure.

The volume of a gas is the amount of 3D space it fills.

Breathing in is called inhalation.

Breathing out is called exhalation.


Lesson outline

The human gas exchange system and breathing

The gas exchange system

Pressure, volume and breathing


The gas exchange system
Explanation

Humans, other animals, plants and fungi need oxygen from


the air to stay alive.
They need oxygen for cellular respiration in mitochondria, in their cells.

But not all organisms breathe.


Humans and some other animals breathe to take in oxygen from the air.
The gas exchange system
Explanation

Breathing involves the lungs.


When we breathe, air is air
moved in and out of the
lungs.

lungs

However, it isn’t just the lungs that are involved in breathing!


The gas exchange system
Explanation

Many parts of our gas exchange system work together to


enable us to breathe.

nose and mouth form a passageway for air to


trachea move in and out of the lungs

lungs - a pair of organs in humans


and some other animals

diaphragm - a sheet of muscle underneath the


lungs which contracts and relaxes
to help move air in and out of the
lungs
The gas exchange system
Check

Which structure is not part of the human gas exchange


system?

a diaphragm

b heart

c lungs

d trachea
The gas exchange system
Explanation

When we breathe in, air flows through the following structures:

nose and mouth

trachea

bronchi

bronchioles

alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs)


The gas exchange system
Check

Label the diagram.

A. trachea
A. __________
bronchioles
B. __________

alveoli
C. __________

E. diaphragm
E. __________ bronchi
D. __________
The gas exchange system
Check

Starting with the mouth, sort these structures into the


order that air passes through them when we breathe in.

●1. alveoli
mouth
2.
● bronchioles
trachea
3.
● trachea
bronchi
4.
● bronchi
bronchioles
mouth
5. alveoli
●
Task A The gas exchange system
Practice

Describe the journey of an oxygen molecule


from the mouth to an alveolus (tiny air sac) in
the lungs.
Task A The gas exchange system
Feedback

Describe the journey of an oxygen molecule from the


mouth to an alveolus (tiny air sac) in the lungs.

● The oxygen molecule moves from the mouth into a tube called
the trachea.
● Then it moves into one of two narrower tubes called bronchi.
● After this, it moves into an even narrower tube called a
bronchiole.
● Then the oxygen molecule moves into an alveolus, which is a tiny
air sac in the lungs.
Lesson outline

The human gas exchange system and breathing

The gas exchange system

Pressure, volume and breathing


Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

To understand how breathing occurs, we need to think about


pressure and volume.
Imagine a box filled with oxygen gas.
The oxygen molecules in the box move around randomly.
They collide with the walls of the box, and this creates pressure.

oxygen
molecule
Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

Box B has a larger volume than Box A, but contains


the same amount of oxygen gas.
In Box B, the molecules have more space to move around so collide
with the walls less often. So the pressure inside the box is lower.

A B

oxygen
molecule
Pressure, volume and breathing
Check

Which box has the largest volume?

oxygen molecules

a b c
Pressure, volume and breathing
Check

Which box has the highest pressure?

Oxygen molecules

a b c
Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

If air can move into and out of a container, it will:


● move in when the pressure inside is lower
● move out when the pressure inside is higher.

pull up push down

volume increases
volume decreases
pressure decreases
pressure increases
syringe air moves in air moves out
Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

When we breathe, muscles and bones move to change the


volume and pressure inside the chest.

ribs - rib bones form a structure


called the ribcage around the
lungs

intercostal - muscles between the ribs,


muscles which can contract and relax
Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

Breathing in is called inhalation.

The intercostal muscles


contract, which pulls the air moves in
ribcage upwards and
outwards.
volume increases
The diaphragm
pressure decreases
contracts and flattens.
Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

Breathing out is called exhalation.

The intercostal muscles


air moves out
relax, and the ribcage
moves downwards and
inwards.
volume decreases
The diaphragm
pressure increases
relaxes and curves up.
Pressure, volume and breathing
Check

Sort these statements about inhalation into the correct


order.
The first one has been done for you:
1. The intercostal muscles contract.
● The diaphragm also contracts and flattens.
● This decreases the pressure in the lungs.
● This pulls the rib cage up and out.

● Air is drawn into the lungs.


● The volume of the lungs increases.
Pressure, volume and breathing
Check

Sort these statements about inhalation into the correct


order.
The first one has been done for you:

1. The intercostal muscles contract.


2. This pulls the rib cage up and out.
3. The diaphragm also contracts and flattens.
4. The volume of the lungs increases.
5. This decreases the pressure in the lungs.
6. Air is drawn into the lungs.
Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

This apparatus is a model of the


changes that occur in the chest
during inhalation and exhalation.

bell jar - represents the ribcage

balloons - represent the lungs


rubber - represents the diaphragm
sheet
Pressure, volume and breathing
Explanation

Inhalation Exhalation
● The rubber sheet is ● The rubber sheet is
pulled down pushed up
● This represents the ● This represents the
diaphragm contracting diaphragm relaxing

● This increases the ● This decreases the volume,


volume, and decreases and increases the pressure
the pressure ● The balloons deflate
● The balloons inflate ● This represents air moving
● This represents air out of the lungs
moving into the lungs
Pressure, volume and breathing
Check

What does the rubber sheet represent in the bell jar


model of breathing?

a Diaphragm

b Lungs

c Ribs
Task B Pressure, volume and breathing
Practice

Describe the similarities


and differences between
breathing in humans and
the bell jar model of
breathing.
Task B Pressure, volume and breathing
Feedback

Describe the similarities and differences between breathing in


humans and the bell jar model of breathing.

Similarities
● The rubber sheet is pushed up, which is similar to how the diaphragm curves
up during exhalation.
● The balloons inflate and deflate, which is similar to how air moves into and
out of the lungs as the volume and pressure in the chest change.
Differences
● There is nothing to represent the intercostal muscles in the bell jar model.
● The bell jar doesn’t move, but the ribcage is pulled upwards and outwards
during inhalation and then moves downwards and inwards during exhalation.
Summary The human gas exchange system and breathing

● Many parts of the human gas exchange system


work together to enable us to breathe.

● Muscles in the gas exchange


air
system contract and relax, which
changes the volume and ribs
pressure inside the chest.
intercostal
muscles
● This causes air to move into the
lungs (inhalation) and out of the
lungs (exhalation). diaphragm
© Oak National Academy 2023.

Produced in partnership with University of York Science Education


Group.

Licensed on the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where


otherwise stated. See Oak terms and conditions.

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