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Homework 1.3 1.4

The document discusses various aspects of packet and circuit switching, including end-to-end delay calculations, advantages of circuit-switched networks, and the impact of user transmission patterns on queuing delays. It also covers the components of end-to-end delay, the effects of propagation and transmission rates, and how content providers like Google establish their own networks. Additionally, it explores the behavior of routers in packet switching and the dynamics of queuing and packet loss in network traffic.

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16 views2 pages

Homework 1.3 1.4

The document discusses various aspects of packet and circuit switching, including end-to-end delay calculations, advantages of circuit-switched networks, and the impact of user transmission patterns on queuing delays. It also covers the components of end-to-end delay, the effects of propagation and transmission rates, and how content providers like Google establish their own networks. Additionally, it explores the behavior of routers in packet switching and the dynamics of queuing and packet loss in network traffic.

Uploaded by

yakup199445
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SECTION 1.

3
R11. Suppose there is exactly one packet switch between a sending host and a
receiving host. The transmission rates between the sending host and the switch and
between the switch and the receiving host are R; and R- respec-tively. Assuming that
the switch uses store-and-forward packet switching, what is the total end-to-end delay
to send a packet of length L? (Ignore queu-ing, propagation delay, and processing
delay.)
R12. What advantage does a circuit-switched network have over a packet-switched
network? What advantages does TDM have over FDM in a circuit-switched network?
R13. Suppose users share a Mbps link. Also suppose each user transmits continuously
at I Mbps when transmitting, but each user transmits only 20 percent of the time. (See
the discussion of statistical multiplexing in Section 1.3.)a. When circuit switching is
used, how many users can be supported?b. For the remainder of this problem, suppose
packet switching is used. Why
will there be essentially no queuing delay before the link if two or fewer users
transmit at the same time? Why will there be a queuing delay if three users transmit at
the same time?
c. Find the probability that a given user is transmitting.
d. Suppose now there are three users. Find the probability that at any given
time,all three users are transmitting simultaneously.Find the fraction of time during
which the queue grows.
R14. Why will two ISPs at the same level of the hierarchy often peer with each
other?How does an IXP earn money?
R15. Some content providers have created their own networks. Describe Google's
network. What motivates content providers to create these networks?SECTION 1.4
R16. Consider sending a packet from a source host to a destination host over a
fixed route.List the delay components in the end-to-end delay. Which of these delays
are constant and which are variable?
R17. Visit the Transmission Versus Propagation Delay interactive animation at
the companion Web site. Among the rates, propagation delay, and packet sizes
available, find a combination for which the sender finishes transmitting before the
first bit of the packet reaches the receiver. Find another combina-tion for which the
first bit of the packet reaches the receiver before the sender finishes transmitting.
R18. How long does it take a packet of length 1,00 bytes to propagate over a
link of distance 2,500 km, propagation speed 2.5·10°m/s, and transmission rate 2
Mbps? More generally, how long does it take a packet of length L to propagate over a
link of distance d, propagation speed s, and transmission rate R bps? Does this delay
depend on packet length? Does this delay depend on transmission rate?
R19. Suppose Host A wants to send a large file to Host B.The path from Host A to
Host
B has three links, of rates R1 = 500 kbps, R2 = 2 Mbps, and R3 = 1 Mbps. a. Assuming
no other traffic in the network, what is the throughput for the
file transfer?
b. Suppose the file is 4 million bytes. Dividing the file size by the through-
put, roughly how long will it take to transfer the file to Host B?c. Repeat (a) and (b),
but now with R reduced to 100 kbps.
R20. Suppose end system A wants to send a large file to end system B. At a very
high level, describe how end system A creates packets from the file. When one of
these packets arrives to a router, what information in the packet does the router use to
determine the link onto which the packet is forwarded?Why is packet switching in the
Internet analogous to driving from one city to another and asking directions along the
way?
R21. Visit the Queuing and Loss interactive animation at the companion Web site.
What is the maximum emission rate and the minimum transmismission rate?With
those rates, what is the traffic intensity? Run the interactive animation with these rates
and determine how long it takes for packet loss to occur. Then repeat the experiment a
second time and determine again how long it takes for packet loss to occur. Are the
values different? Why or why not?

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