PRICIPLES OF VALUATION MATHEMATICS

CLASS X
PREFINAL 2024-2025
1.4
2. A
3.B
4.C
5,A
6.1
7.16
8.D
9. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ≠ 0
10.2
11.D
12.

13.𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑇𝑆𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖 𝑆𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 3𝜋𝑟 2

Given 𝑟 = 7𝑐𝑚
22
𝑇𝑆𝐴 = 3 × × 7 × 7 = 66 × 7 = 462𝑐𝑚2
7

14.Given Points are (−1,0), (3,2)

𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Coordinates of midpoint are 𝑀(𝑥,𝑦) = ( , )
2 2

−1+3 0+2 2 2
=( , ) = ( , ) = (1,1)
2 2 2 2

15.𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑 = 5𝑐𝑚 , 𝑟 = 3𝑐𝑚

Length of tangent =√𝑑2 − 𝑟 2

=√52 − 32 = √25 − 9 = √16 = 4𝑐𝑚

16. 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0
Hence it is a quadratic equation.
17.𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴 = √𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 1
1
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴

18. Two equilateral triangles

Two Squares
19. 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0
𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛45° = 1, 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐60° = 2
Required quadratic equation is 𝑥 2 − 𝑥(1) + 2 = 0
20.

21.𝑛(𝑆) = 52𝑙
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐸 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑛(𝐸) = 52 − 12 = 40
𝑛(𝐸) 40 10
𝑃(𝐸) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52 13
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐹 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑛(𝐹) = 2
𝑛(𝐹) 2 1
𝑃(𝐹) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52 26
1
22.2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8 = 0 (𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑏𝑦 8 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆) 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒

16𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ 16𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ (4𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 = 1
⇒ 4𝑥 − 1 = 0
1
⇒ 4𝑥 = 1 ⇒𝑥=
4
1
⇒𝑥=
4
1 1
∴ 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒 ,
4 4
23. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 = 64𝑐𝑚3
𝑎3 = 64 = 43 ⇒ 𝑎 = 4𝑐𝑚
If two cubes are joined together resultant solid becomes cuboid.
The dimensions of cuboid are l=4+4=8 cm, b=4 cm h=4 cm
The surface area of resulting cuboid =2(𝑙ℎ + 𝑏ℎ + 𝑙𝑏)
=2(8 × 4 + 4 × 4 + 8 × 4)
= 2(32 + 16 + 32)
= 2(80)
= 160𝑐𝑚2
24.𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴(1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴)(𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴)
= (𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 − 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 × 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴)(𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 + 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴)
1
= (𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 − × 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴) (𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴)
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴
= (𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴)(𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴)
= 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 𝑇𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 1
25. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Given: a circle with Centre O, a point P lying outside the circle and two tangents PQ,
PR on the circle from P
RTP: PQ = PR.
Proof: join OP, OQ and OR.
Then ∠ OQP and ∠ ORP are right angles,
. Now in right triangles OQP and ORP,
OQ = OR (Radii of the same circle)
OP = OP (Common)
Therefore, ∆ OQP ≅ ∆ ORP (RHS)
This gives PQ = PR (CPCT)
𝑛
−𝑐.𝑓
26. Median = 𝑙 + ( 2 )×ℎ
𝑓

l = lower limit of median class,

n = number of observations,
c.f = cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class,
f = frequency of median class,
h = class size (assuming class size to be equal).

27. The number of rose plants in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, . . ., rows are:

23, 21, 19, . . ., 5 clearly It forms an AP.

Let the number of rows in the flower bed be n.
Then a = 23, d = 21 – 23 = – 2, 𝑎𝑛 = 5
As, 𝑎𝑛 = a + (n – 1) d
5 = 23 + (n – 1) (– 2)
i.e., – 18 = (n – 1) (– 2)
i.e., n = 10 So, there are 10 rows in the flower bed.
28.1. Quadratic Polynomial
2. 2
3. -4 and 2
5. -2
29. Let us assume, to the contrary, that 5– 2√3 is rational.
That is, we can find two integers a and b such that they are co-prime (b  0)
𝑎
5– 2√3 = 𝑏
𝑎
∴ 2√3 = 5 − 𝑏
5𝑏−𝑎
√3 = 2
5b−a
LHS √3 is irrational but is rational since a and b are integers.
2

Which is contradiction. This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that
5– 2√3 is rational. So, we conclude that 5– 2√3 is irrational.
b) Given: ABCD is a trapezium and AB∥DC
𝐀𝐎 𝐂𝐎
RTP: = 𝐃𝐎
𝐁𝐎

Construction: Draw OE∥DC such that E lies on BC.

Proof:
In △BDC,
By Basic Proportionality Theorem,
𝑩𝑶 𝑩𝑬
= … … … … (𝟏)
𝑶𝑫 𝑬𝑪
Now, In △ABC,
By Basic Proportionality Theorem,
𝑨𝑶 𝑩𝑬
= … … … … (𝟐)
𝑶𝑪 𝑬𝑪
∴ From (1), and (2),
𝑨𝑶 𝑩𝑶
=
𝑶𝑪 𝑶𝑫
𝑨𝑶 𝑪𝑶
i. 𝒆. , 𝑩𝑶 = 𝑫𝑶

30 a) Let the ratio in which the line segment joining A (1, – 5) and B (– 4, 5) is divided by the
x-axis be k: 1.
Therefore, the coordinates of the point of division,
𝑚1 𝑥2 +𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 +𝑚2 𝑦1
Section formula =( , )
𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑚1 +𝑚2
−4𝑘+1 5𝑘−5
P (x, y) = ( , ).
𝑘+1 𝑘+1

We know that the y-coordinate of any point on the x-axis is 0.

5𝑘 – 5
Therefore, = 0
𝑘+1
5k = 5
or k = 1
So, the x-axis divides the line segment in the ratio 1:1.
Now, find the coordinates of the point of division:
−4(1)+1 5(1)−5 3
P (x, y) = ( , ) = (− 2 , 0)
1+1 1+1

b) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = 21 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝜃 = 60°

𝜃
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑐 = 360 × 2𝜋𝑟
60 22
= 360 × 2 × × 21 = 22 𝑐𝑚
7
𝜃
Area of Sector=360 × 𝜋𝑟 2
60 22
= 360 × × 21 × 21 = 21 × 11 = 231𝑐𝑚2
7

31. a) Two dice thrown the possible outcomes are

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)

2 (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)

3 (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)

4 (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)

5 (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)

6 (6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)

𝑛(𝑠) = 36
𝑖) 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐸 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑖𝑠 7
𝐸 = {(1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1)}
𝑛(𝐸) = 6
𝑛(𝐸) 6 1
𝑃(𝐸) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 6
ii)𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐹 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,4), (2,6), (3,1), (3,3), (3,5), (4,2), (4,4),
𝐹={ }
(4,6), (5,1)(5,3), (5,5), (6,2), (6,4), (6,6)
𝑛(𝐹) =18
𝑛(𝐹) 18 1
𝑃(𝐹) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 2
iii) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐺 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ≤ 12
𝑛(𝐺) =36
𝑛(𝐺) 36
𝑃(𝐺) = = =1
𝑛(𝑆) 36
b) Given height of the Tower H=50 m
Let the Height of Building be =h
Now, in △ABC
H H
tan60° = ⇒ √3 =
x x
H 50
⇒x= = m…………………… (1)
√3 √3

and in △ABD
h 1 h
tan30° = x ⇒ =
√3 x

𝑥 = ℎ√3𝑚…………. (2)
From (1) and (2)
50
ℎ√3 =
√3

⇒ 3h = 50
50
⇒h= = 16.7 m
3
Therefore, height of building is 16.7 m.
32 a) Step Deviation:

Daily Number of 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑎 𝑓𝑖 𝜇𝑖
𝜇𝑖 =
expenditure households ℎ
in (Rs)
100-150 4 125 -2 -8
150-200 5 175 -1 -5
200-250 12 225 a 0 0
250-300 2 275 1 2
300-350 2 325 2 4
∑ 𝑓𝑖 = 25 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝜇𝑖 = −7
A=225, h=50, ∑ 𝑓𝑖 = 25, ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝜇𝑖 = −7
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝜇𝑖
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = 𝑎 + ×ℎ
∑ 𝑓𝑖
−7
= 225 + 25 × 50 = 225 − 14 = 211
32 b) Given 𝑎4 = 𝑎 + 3𝑑
𝑎8 = 𝑎 + 7𝑑
Therefore,
a+3d+a+7d=24
2a+10d=24
a+5d=12 …… (1)
Again,𝑎6 = 𝑎 + 5𝑑
𝑎10 = 𝑎 + 9𝑑
Therefore,
a+5d+a+9d=44
2a+14d=44
a+7d=22 ……. (2)
a+5d=12
a+7d=22
10
-2d=-10⇒ 𝑑 = − −2 = 5

From (1) ⇒ 𝑎 + 25 = 12
⇒ 𝑎 = 12 − 25 = −13
d=5 and a=−13
Therefore,
𝑎1 = 𝑎 = −13
𝑎2 = 𝑎 + 𝑑 = −13 + 5 = −8
𝑎3 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = −13 + 10 = −3
3. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −6
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
𝑎1 2 𝑏1 1 𝑐1 6 2
= , = , =− =−
𝑎2 1 𝑏2 2 𝑐2 3 1
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2
Given equations are consistent and they have unique solution.

Table for solutions 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −6

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
x 0 -3 x 1 3
y -6 0 y 1 0
(x,y) (0,-6) (-3,0) (x,y) (1,1) (3,0)
33 b) Number of boys = x
Number of girls = y
Total Number of Students=10
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 … … … … … … … … . (1)
Number of girls is 4 more than the number of boys
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4 … … … … … … … … … (2)
Table for solutions 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
Table for solutions 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4
x 0 10
x 0 -4
y 10 0
y 4 0
(x,y) (0,10) (10,0)
(x,y) (0,4) (-4,0)

Solution x=3, y=7

Number of girls =3 and number of girls =7