Fundamentals of Programming 1

PROBLEMS - Lesson 3c: Python Iterative control structures

Problems in yellow → Assessable problems (evaluable)

Problems in blue → Optional problems (not assessable but available at VPL for
autoevaluation).

Problem 1
Make a program that calculates the summation of 10 (the sum of the first 10 natural
numbers) using a repetitive structure while. The program will display the value of the
result without any other message.

Problem 2
Make a program to calculate the summation of an integer N given by the user. The
program will check that the input number is positive and greater than zero. If the number
is lower than or equal to zero, the program should display the message: "Error: the value
must be greater than zero" and must ask for an input number again. This process must
be repeated until the user enters a correct value. The program then calculates the sum
of the first N integers and displays the result with a message with the format:
"The sum of N is: XXX" where N is the number entered by the user and XXX is the result
of the summation.
Note: Do the problem with a while structure.

Problem 3
Make a program that calculates the sum of 10 (the sum of the first 10 natural numbers)
using a repetitive structure for. The program will display the value of the result without
any other message.

Problem 4
Make a program to calculate the summation of an integer N given by the user. The
program will check that the input number is <=0, otherwise, it will display the message:
"Error: the value must be greater than zero" and must ask for an input number again.
This process must be repeated until the user enters a correct value. The program then
calculates the sum of the first N integers and displays the result with a message with the
format: "The sum of N is: XXX" where N is the number entered by the user and XXX is
the result of the summation.
Note: Do the problem with a for structure.

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Problems with the WHILE repetitive structure

Problem 5
Make a program that asks an integer and displays it on the screen with the message
"Entered value: NN", where NN is the integer entered by the user. The program must
repeat these two actions meanwhile the user enters positive values.

Problem 6
Make a program that asks the user to enter an integer between 0 and 100 and then
displays it with the message "Entered value: NN", where NN is the integer entered by
the user. The program must repeat these two actions meanwhile the user enters values
within the range [0,100] (both included).

Problem 7
Make a program that adds a sequence of integers that are entered by keyboard. The
sequence ends when a 0 is entered.

Problem 8
Make a program that calculates the average of all the numbers of a sequence of integers
entered by keyboard. The sequence ends when a 0 is entered. Display the result with a
message in the format: “Average: XX” where XX is the average of the sequence values.
Note that:
• 0 is not part of the sequence. It should not be considered when computing the mean.
• it is necessary to check if the sequence is empty (the first entered number is 0) and
display a message “Error: The sequence is empty. The average cannot be
calculated.”

Problem 9
Write a program that, given a sequence of integers which end with the number 0, sum
all the positive numbers in the sequence.

Problem 10
Make a program that, given a sequence of integers which end with the number 0, checks
if all numbers in the sequence are odd. If all are odd, the program will write the message,
"There are no even numbers in the sequence." Otherwise, the program will output "Some
number in the sequence is even."
Note: If only a 0 is entered, output "There are no even numbers in the sequence."

Problem 11
Make a program that calculates the maximum value of a sequence of positive integers
ending in 0. The program must ensure that all numbers in the sequence are positive. If
a negative number is entered, an error message should be displayed, then, it will ignore
this number, and continue reading the script.

Problem 12
Make a program that reads integers until a negative number is entered or until 10 values
have been read. The program will calculate the minimum and maximum of all values (do
not consider the negative value that indicates the end of the sequence of numbers) and
display a message in the format "Maximum: XX - Minimum: YY" where XX and YY are
the maximum and minimum values of the sequence respectively. If the first number
entered is negative the program will output "There are no numbers in the sequence."

Problem 13
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 Fundamentals of Programming 3

Make a program that asks the user to enter a leap year. The program should check if it
is indeed a leap year, otherwise it will display the message "This year is not a leap year"
and prompt the user to enter a year again. This process must be repeated until the user
enters a year that is actually a leap year.

Problem 14
Modify the program that increases by one second the time entered by the user through
in HH:MM:SS format and make the time update second by second as in a real clock. To
do this, the program must wait 1 second before changing the time and repeat the
process. The program should end after updating the time 5 times (i.e. after 5 seconds).
To make the program wait a second, you can use the function sleep(SS) where SS is
the seconds we want the program to wait (in our case sleep(1) ). To use this feature, the
first line of your program must be:
from time import sleep
Note: Show each hour on a different line.

Problem 15
Implement a program that allows you to invoice purchases in a store. The program must
allow more than one product to be included in the invoice. Therefore, the program should
ask the user the product price and the number of units sold for every product until the
user enters a negative price.
A 7% VAT must be applied to the total amount of the purchase. If the final amount, once
applied VAT is above 500 euros, a 5% discount will be made. If it is above 1000 euros,
a 10% discount will be made.
The program must show the final cost of the purchase with a message: "The final price
is the purchase are XX euros." where XX will be a real number.

Problem 16
Make a program that reads the grades of all students in a class and counts how many
students have failed (D grade in [0,5)), passed (C grade in [5-7)), how many have a B
grade (grade in [7-9)), an A grade (grade in [9-10)) and how many have A with honors
(A+, grade equal to 10). The program will stop reading notes when an incorrect note
value is entered. The output must be a message in the format:
"D: X1 - C: X2 - B: X3 - A: X4 - A+: X5"
where X1, X2, ... are the number of failed, passed, etc.

Problem 17
Make a program that implements a basic calculator of operations with real numbers. The
program should ask two real numbers and then show a menu with five options (addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division and exit):
MENU
1.- Summation
2.- Subtraction
3.- Multiplication
4.- Division
5.- Exit
Select one of the options:
The user will select the operation via keyboard with the corresponding number and must
perform the corresponding operation. Then you must display the result of the operation
with a format as in the following example: "6 + 8 = 14". Use the symbols: +, -, *, : for
operations.
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After each operation, the menu must appear again until the user selects the "Exit" option.
When the user selects "Exit", the program must ask:
"Do you want to operate with other operands? (S / -)".
If the user writes 'S', the process will start again. Otherwise (the user writes a character
different than 'S'), then the program ends.
In case of division, it is necessary to control that a division by zero does not take place.
If the second operand is a zero, it will output the message: “Error: Division by zero”.
If the user enters an option that is not in the menu, the program should display an error
message: "Error: Option not valid" and show the menu again.

Problem 18
Make a program to guess a number between 1 and 10, where the player has 5 attempts
to guess it. Initially, the program must generate a random number between 1 and 10,
and then the game begins.
At each attempt, the player will enter a number between 1 and 10 and the program must
tell whether the guessed number is lower or greater than the number entered by the user.
In the end, if the player has not guessed it, the program must write the guessed number.
If the user has guessed it, then it must say how many attempts the user has needed.
In either case, when the game is over the user must be asked if he/she wants to play
again and if the answer is affirmative, the game starts again.
To generate random numbers, use the randint(a,b) function that returns a value between
a and b (both inclusive). To use this feature, the first line of your program must be:
from random import randint

Problem 19
Make a program to check if a number n is prime. If the number is prime, the message
"Prime" will be displayed, otherwise the message "NOT Prime" will be displayed.

Problem 20
Given the series defined by: a0 =0, a1 = 1, an = 3  an−1 + 2  an−2
a. Make a program that says which is the value and position within the series of the
first element greater than or equal to 1000.
b. Modify the previous program so that it tells the value and position of the first
element greater than or equal to a number entered by keyboard.

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Problems with the repetitive structure FOR

Problem 21
Motivation and a positive mindset are very important in learning programming. Make a
program that asks you to enter a positive integer N and write the message N times on
the screen: "Programming in Python is fun and I will pass this subject."

Problem 22
Make a program that:
1. Prints all numbers from 1 to 10 (both included) separated by a blank space.
2. In the bottom line, the program should print all the numbers from 25 to 35 (both
inclusive), also separated by a blank space between them.
3. In the next line, the program must print all even numbers between 50 and 80
(both inclusive) separated by a blank space.
4. Finally, in the next line, the program should print all numbers between 50 and 20
(both inclusive) counting down 3 by 3 (e.g. 50 47 ...).

Problem 23
Make a program that asks the user to enter a positive integer and prints on the screen
all multiples of 3 lower than the number entered by the user. If the number entered by
the user is not positive, display the message "Error: the number must be positive" and
ask the user to enter the number again.

Problem 24
Write a program to compute and print all the powers of two smaller or equal than 2N ,
where N is a number (greater than 0) entered by keyboard. Each output value must be
separated from the next value by a blank space.

Problem 25
Make a program that reads 5 numbers via keyboard and counts how many positive
numbers and how many negative numbers we been entered. Zero will not count as
positive nor negative. The result will be displayed with a message with the format:
“Positives: XX - Negatives: YY” where XX and YY are the number of positives and
negatives that have been entered.

Problem 26
Make a program that reads 10 integers via keyboard and outputs the sum of the even
numbers, how many even numbers there are, and the average of odd numbers.

Problem 27
Make a program that computes the sum, the product and the average of the even
numbers ranging between two limits that are read via keyboard. The result will be
displayed with the formatted message; “Sum: XX - Product: YY - Average: ZZ” where
XX, YY and ZZ are the values of the sum, the product, and the average, respectively.

Problem 28
Make a program that asks the user to enter a number by keyboard and calculate the
factorial of the input number.