[Document title]

BP KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

COLLEGE OF NURSING

DHARAN , SUNSARI, NEPAL

LESSON PLAN ON

“DRUG ADMINISTRATION”

Date of Submission: 2025/02/14

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Prof. Ramanand Chaudhary Riya Neupane

Dept. of Child Health Nursing Roll No. 538

College of Nursing, BPKIHS Batch 2021

Master plan:
Subject : Basic nursing concept skills and attitude

Topic : “Drug Administration”

Date : 2025/02/14

Venue :

Time : 8am

Duration : 60 min

No. of participants : 49

Level of participants : B.Sc. Nursing

Teaching / Learning Resources : Power point slides, white board

Teaching / Learning methods : Brainstorming, structuredinteractivesession

Supervised By : Prof. Ramanand Chaudhary

Dept. of Child Health Nursing

Student Teacher : Riya Neupane

B.Sc. Nursing 4th year

General Objectives:

At the end of the session B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students will be able to explain
about drug administration.

Specific Objectives:

At the end of the session B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students will be able to:

 introduce drug administration

 state the purposes of drug administration
 explain the principle of drug administration
  state the routes of drug administration
 enlist the terms used in prescription
 summarize the topic

S.N Specific objectives Contents Time T/L T/L Evaluation

Methods Media
At the end of the Greeting Group PPT
session Introduction discussio
participants will Pretesting n
be able to :
1. Introduce drug Introduction of SIS PPT What is
administration drug drug
administration administrati
on?

2. State the purposes Purposes of drug SIS PPT What are

of drug administration the purposes
administration of drug
administrati
on?

3. Explain the Principles of drug SIS PPT What are

principle of drug administration the
administration principles of
drug
administrati
on?
4. State the routes of Routes of drug SIS PPT What are
drug administration the different
administration routes of
drug
administrati
on?
5. Enlist the terms Terms used in SIS PPT What are
used in prescription the different
prescriptions terms used
in
prescription
?
 6. Summarize the Summarization Group PPT
topic discussio
n

DRUG ADMINISTRATION
“Drug is any substance or a product that is used or is intended to be used to
modify or explore physiological system or pathological state for the benefit of the
recipient.” According to WHO
Drug is the chemical agent which is able to change physical condition of
individual and used for mitigation, diagnosis, and treatment while when the drug is
formulated to different form is called medicine.

Drug Administration

Purposes of drug administration:

The main purposes of drug administration are listed below:

 To prevent diseases
 To cure disease
 To promote health
 To give palliative treatment / To relieve pain
 To give as a symptomatic treatment
 To treat infections , allergies, and inflammations
 To aid in diagnosis
 To provide supplement in order to maintain health or to give nourishment
when patient is unable to eat.

Principles of drug administration:

When we are going to administer drugs we should always consider about safety
because there is always a risk of giving wrong drug, the wrong dose, wrong
patient, wrong time and wrong route. If this happens, it may harm or cause adverse
reactions to the patient.

Rights of drugs administration are listed below:

Right drug:

 When the drugs are first ordered, the nurse compares the prepared,
medicine card with the physician's written orders.
 Check the expiry date.
 Any doubt should be cleared with doctor or ward sister.
 When administering the drug, the nurse should compare the label of the
drug three times.
 The nurse should never prepare medicines from unlabeled container.
 Be careful of drugs where names sound alike.
 Avoid conversation which distracts mind. Be familiar with the trade names
of drugs.
 Do not accept verbal order except only in emergencies to save life of
patient.
 Be sure about the changing orders.
 Do not use a medicine that is different in color, odor, test and consistency.
 Make sure medications, especially antibiotics, are reviewed regularly.
 Never administer medication prepared by another person

Right Dose:

 Carefully read physician's order to have an idea about the correct dose.
 Check the age and weight of the patient because this may help to find an
error in physician's orders.
 Know the minimum and maximum dose of the medicine administered.
 Calculate the doses correctly and carefully. Ensure accuracy in measuring.
 Prepare the medicine card or written order before preparing drug.
 Have a thorough knowledge about the symbols and abbreviations used.
 Always give exactly what is order Never give more than one drugs at a time

Right Patient:
  Medication should be given to the right patients after identifying him/her.
 Ask the patient to state his/her name.
 If the patient protests, simply explain that the procedure for correctly
identifying patients is routine.
 Check the patient's identification band with each administration of a
medication.
 Ideally, use 2 or more identifiers and ask patient to identify themselves.
 Withhold the medications until the patient's identity is certain.
 Ask patient for any known drugs allergy.

Right Route:

 Verify medication route with medication order before administration.

 Medication only be administered via route specified in order.
 If any error occur it should be immediately reported to physician.

Right Time:

 Verify schedule of medication with order.

o Date
o Time
o Specified period of time
 Confirm when the last dose was given
 Administer medication within 30 min of schedule
 Time for OD, BD,TDS,QID medication are fixed according to the schedule
of hospital.
 Drugs are given before food or after food according to the physician order.
 Double check the correct time while going to give the prescribed medicine.

Right patient education:

 Inform patient about medication being administered.

  Inform patient about desired effects of medication.
 Inform patient about side effects of medication.
 Ask patient if they have any known allergies to medication.
 Check if the patient understands what the medication is for.
 Make them aware they should contact a healthcare professional if they
experience side effects or reactions.

Right to refuse:

 The legally responsible party (patient, parent, family member, guardian, etc.)
for patient's care has the right to refuse any medication.
 Inform responsible party of consequences of refusing medication.
 Verify that responsible party understands all of these consequences.
 Notify physician that ordered medication and document notification.
 Document refusal of medication and responsible party understands
consequences.

Right assessment:

 Check the patient actually needs the medication.

 Properly assess patient and tests to determine if medication is safe and
appropriate (Check for contraindication).
 If deemed unsafe or inappropriate, notify ordering physician and document
notification.
 Document that medication was not administered and the reason that dose
was skipped.

Right to evaluation:

 Assess patient for any adverse side effects.

 Assess patient for effectiveness of medication.
 Compare patient's prior status with post medication status.
 Ensure medications are reviewed regularly.
 Document patient's response to medication.

Right documentation:
  Complete the documentation immediately after administering the
medication, never before.
 Used standard abbreviations in recording medicine Record time, dose and
route of the medicine given.
 Record only those medicine which have been administered Record on usual
effects, such as allergic reaction.
 Never record a medication as given, before it has been equally
administered.
 If a patient vomits a medicine out, it should be recorded.
 Ensure the medication is prescribed correctly with a start and end date if
appropriate.

Routes of Drug Administration:

Local routes: These routes can only be used for localized lesion at accessible
sites and for drugs whose systemic absorption from these sites is minimal or
absent.

1) Topical: This refers to external application of the drug to the surface

for localized action. It is often more convenient as well as reassuring
to the patient.
2) Deeper Tissues: Certain deep areas can be approached by using a
syringe and needle, but the drug should be in such a form that
systemic absorption is slow, e.g. intra-articular injection
(hydrocortisone acetate in knee joint), infiltration around a nerve or
intrathecal injection (lidocaine), retrobulbar injection (hydrocortisone
acetate behind the eyeball).
3) Arterial supply: Close intra-arterial injection is used for contrast
media in angiography: anticancer drugs can be infused in femoral or
brachial artery to localise the effect for limb malignancies.

Systemic routes
 The drug administered through systemic routes is intended to be absorbed
into the blood stream and distributed all over, including the site of action,
through circulation.
1) Oral
2) Sublingual or buccal
3) Rectal
4) Cutaneous
5) Inhalational
6) Nasal
7) Parenteral
a. Subcutaneous
b. Intramuscular
c. Intravenous
d. Intradermal injections

Abbreviations used when administering drugs:

a.c. Before meals
p.c. After meals
Am In the morning
OD Once a day
OM Each morning
PM Afternoon/ evening
SOS If necessary
TDS/TID Three times a day
BD / BID Twice a day
QID Four times a day
HS At night
PRN As needed (acc. To
necessity)
Stat Immediately (at once)
PO Per oral
IM Intramuscular
IV Intravenous
ID Intradermal
SC Subcutaneous
PV Per vagina
PR Per rectum
Q1h Hourly
Q2h Every 2 hours
Q3h Every 3 hours
Q4h Every 4 hours
Q6h Every 6 hours
Q12h Every 12 hours

Assignments:

MCQS:
1)

References: