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Slide 11

The presentation outlines the historical context and key stages of European integration, highlighting early efforts such as the Congress of Vienna and the Zollverein, as well as significant treaties like the Treaty of Rome and the Maastricht Treaty. It emphasizes the evolution of cooperation among European nations for collective defense and economic unity, culminating in the establishment of the European Union. The document concludes with the impact of these integrations on creating a unified Europe with political, economic, and social cohesion.

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Eslam Naguib
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5 views7 pages

Slide 11

The presentation outlines the historical context and key stages of European integration, highlighting early efforts such as the Congress of Vienna and the Zollverein, as well as significant treaties like the Treaty of Rome and the Maastricht Treaty. It emphasizes the evolution of cooperation among European nations for collective defense and economic unity, culminating in the establishment of the European Union. The document concludes with the impact of these integrations on creating a unified Europe with political, economic, and social cohesion.

Uploaded by

Eslam Naguib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slide 1: Introduction

Historical Context: European nations have long sought


integration for collective defense and mutual benefit.
Focus: This presentation covers key stages of European
integration, from early efforts to the modern European
Union (EU).
Main Stages:
Early integration efforts: Congress of Vienna (1815),
Zollverein (1834), Council of Europe (1949), and Western
European Union (1954).
Treaties and efforts for deeper unity: European Coal and
Steel Community, Treaty of Rome, Maastricht Treaty, and
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

Slide 2: Congress of Vienna (1815)


Background: Held after the Napoleonic Wars to restore
balance of power in Europe.
Key Outcome: Major powers (Austria, UK, Prussia,
Russia) cooperated to end the war and create lasting
peace.
Significance: Marked early military and political
cooperation, laying groundwork for future European
integration.
Slide 3: Zollverein (1834)
Overview: Prussia led the formation of a customs union
among Germanic states to promote free trade.
Economic Cooperation: Established free trade across
member states, leading to long-term economic
integration.
Challenge: Tariff decisions were managed by the judicial
branches, reflecting the early governance issues in
economic integration.

Slide 4: Council of Europe (1949)


Formation: Founded by 10 European countries to
promote peace and cooperation post-World War II.
Members: Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, UK (later
Greece, Turkey, and West Germany joined).
Purpose: Strengthen European cooperation and rebuild
trust among nations.
Legacy: Remains part of the EU’s institutional framework
today, serving as a ministerial body.
Slide 5: Western European Union (1954)
Context: Established after the Paris Agreements and
Brussels Treaty to address political and military crises in
Europe.
Purpose: A defense alliance ensuring European self-
reliance in military matters, especially when US interests
diverged (as per Charles de Gaulle’s view).
Historical Parallel: Similar to military cooperation seen
in the Congress of Vienna and during the Napoleonic Wars
Slide 2: The European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC)
1950 Schuman Plan: Unify French-German coal and
steel production
Goal: Prioritize common interests over national agendas
Treaty of Paris (1951): Formalized the ECSC
Political Aim: End hostility between France and
Germany
Founding Members: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands
The Treaty of Rome (1957)
Signed on 25 March 1957 in Rome.
Established:
European Economic Community (EEC): Created a
common market.
EURATOM: Cooperation on nuclear energy.
Member countries: Germany, France, Italy, and the
Benelux nations.
Aimed at:
Unifying tariffs and promoting free trade.
Boosting employment opportunities across Europe.
Significance: A major step toward the creation of
the European Union.
Slide 3: The European Economic
Community (EEC) & EURATOM
Treaty of Rome (1957)
EEC: Common market for goods, services, labor, capital
EURATOM: Cooperation in nuclear energy
Growth:
From 6 members to 9 (1973): Denmark, Ireland, UK
Later expanded to 12 (1981 Greece, 1986 Spain &
Portugal)
Renaming: EEC becomes European Community (EC)
Slide 4: The Maastricht Treaty (1992)
Context: Post-Cold War, fall of communism, German
reunification
Key Goals:
Economic & social progress (EMU)
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)
EU citizenship rights
Protect EU’s legal framework (acquis communautaire)
Three Pillars of the EU:
European Communities
CFSP
Justice & Home Affairs (JHA)
Slide 5: The Economic and Monetary
Union (EMU)
Goal: Create a common currency (the euro)
European Monetary System (EMS): Stabilized
exchange rates (1979)
Delors Report (1990): Three-stage plan for EMU
Euro Introduction:
1999: Electronic transactions
2002: Coins and banknotes in 12 countries

Slide 6: Conclusion
Key Figures: Schuman and his ECSC plan
Institutions: EEC/EC and their impact
Treaties: Paris, Rome, Maastricht, and Lisbon shaped the
EU
Result: A unified Europe with political, economic, and
social integration

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