Preface

Hi all.. My name is Ravi Shanker.

I am working as a School Assistant (Biology)
in Zilla Parishath High School, Pullur,
Undavelli Mandal, Jogulamba Gadwal district. I
have been serving as a biology teacher for the
past 15 years. This Biology Bit Bank have been
designed Lesson-wise to suit the pattern of
questions in various types of competitive
exams that students will face in the future.
The multiple-choice questions in this book will
also be very useful for their class X annual
exams, hoping that the book will help the
students in achieving a good GPA.....

All the best to all the students....

 01.Nutrition

Important points:

➢ Food is needed by all living organisms mainly for growth and repair.
➢ Several organisms need food to maintain body temperature as well.
➢ Activities such as breathing, working, walking etc also need energy.
➢ Autotrophic nutrition involves the intake of simple inorganic materials like
some minerals and water from the soil. Some gases from the air and by using an
external energy source like the sun to synthesize a complex high energy organic
material. Example: photosynthesis.
➢ The materials required for photosynthesis are light, carbon dioxide, water and
photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
➢ The end products of photosynthesis are glucose, water and oxygen.
➢ Heterotrophic nutrition involves the intake of a complex material prepared by

➢
other organisms. Ravi Shanker
Saprophytes like bread moulds, yeast, mushrooms etc. Breakdown the food
materials outside the body, and then absorb it.
➢ Parasites like Cuscuta, lice, leeches and tape worms etc, derive nutrition from
plants or animals without killing them.
➢ In single celled organisms, the food may be taken by the entire surface. But as
the complexity of the organism increases, different parts become specialized to
perform different functions.
➢ In human beings, the food eaten is broken down in various steps, with the help
of enzymes secreted by digestive glands, which are associated with the
alimentary canal and the digested food is absorbed in small intestine to be sent
to all cells in the body.
➢ The digestive system includes the alimentary tract and several associated organs
and digestive glands.
➢ Eating food that does not have one or more than one nutrient in required amount
is known as malnutrition.
➢ Our diet should be balanced and should contain proper amount of
carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fats.
➢ Vitamins are classified into two groups. 1.water-soluble vitamins,2. fat-soluble
vitamins.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 01

 Bit bank:

01. Every living organism that lives on earth needs food.Because.. ( )

i. For growth. ii. For repair iii. To regulate the body temperature.
a.i. is only correct. b.iii.only correct.
c.i&ii is correct. d.i, ii,iii are correct.
02. Organisms that prepares chemical compounds using the light energy are ( )
a. Autotrophs b. Heterotrophs c. Herbivores. d. Insecticivores
03. Identify the incorrect statement regarding photosynthesis ( )
i. It is a very complex process.
ii. In this process simple inorganic substances are converted into complex organic
compounds.
iii. Many intermediate compounds are formed in this process.
iv. The leaves of the plants that carry out this process are green in colour and contain a
pigment called haemoglobin.
a.i. only. b.iii.only. c.iv only d.i,ii,iii only
04. Scientist who proposed the equation for photosynthesis. ( )
a.John Ingenhousz b.C.B. Van Niel c.Van Helmont. d. Joseph Priestley
05. The materials used in the experiment to prove the presence of starch in the leaves
are ( )
i.Potassium hydroxide ii.Methylated spirit iii. Iodine solution. iv.Paraffin wax
a.i. only correct. b.iii.only correct. c.ii&iii are correct. d.i,ii,iii are
correct.
06. The Aim of the black paper experiment is ( )
a.Proving that oxygen is released in photosynthesis.
b.To prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis.
c.To prove that carbon dioxide is released in photosynthesis.
Ravi Shanker
d. To prove that carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis.
07. The scientist who proposed that photosynthesis takes place in the green parts of
plants ( )
a.John Ingenhousz b.C.B. Van Niel c.Van Helmont. d. Joseph Priestley
08. Choose the incorrect statement regarding the structure of the Chloroplast ( )
a. The inner membrane of the Chloroplast has stacked sac like structures.
b. These stacked sac like structures are called stroma.
c. Glucose is synthesized by the actions of a variety of enzymes that take place in the
stroma.
d. Substances that absorb light in a Chloroplast are called photosynthetic pigments.
09. Blood:: Haemoglobin. Green Leaf::..............? ( )
a. Hemocyanin. b. Chlorocruvarin. c. Chlorophyll. d. Anthocyanin
10. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the mechanism of photosynthesis ( )
a. There are two phases called light reaction and dark reaction in the mechanism of
photosynthesis
b.The End products formed in the light reaction are ATP and NADPH.
c. The dark reaction is also called as photochemical phase.
d.The dark reaction does not depends on light.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 02

 11. Identify the odd one. ( )
a.Jasmine b.Pomegranate. c. Cuscuta d.Neem
12. Example for saprophytes ( )
i.Yeast ii.Mushroom iii.Mould iv. centipede
a.iv is correct. b.iii.only correct.
c.ii&iii are correct. d.i,ii,iii are correct.
13. A lump of food that is chewed softly in the mouth is called ( )
a. Chyme b. Chyle c. Bolus d. Chylus
14. Choose the correct pair from the following. ( )
a.Vitamin A-thiamine b. Vitamin C-Folic acid
c. Vitamin B6-Tocopherol d. Vitamin B12-Cyanocobalamin
15. Precautions to be taken to avoid indigestion ( )
i. Eating a balanced diet ii. Not doing things like exercise immediately after
eating
iii. Drink enough water iv. A diet rich in fats should be taken to prevent constipation.
a.i is only correct. b.iii only correct.
c.i&ii are correct. d.i,ii,iii are correct.
16. Identify the incorrect pair from the following ( )
a.Thiamine-Beriberi b. Riboflavin-Glossitis c. Calciferol-Scurvy d. Niacin-
Pellagra
17. Identify the incorrect statement regarding vitamins ( )
i. Vitamins are organic substances ii. These are required by our body in large
quantities.
iii. These are micronutrients iv.A,D,E,K are fat-soluble vitamins
a.i is only correct. b.iii.only correct.
c.i&ii are correct. d.i,iii,iv are correct.
18. Identify the incorrect pair from the following ( )
a.Ptyalin-carbohydrates b. Lipase-fats c.Amylase-carbohydrates d.Trypsin-fats.
19. Identify the correct statement from the following. ( )
i. The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal.
ii. The proximal part of the small intestine is called the duodenum.
iii. In small intestine only the digestion of fats is completed
iv. Digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are used in the digestion takes place in
duodenum.
a.i. is only correct. b.iii.only correct. Ravi Shanker
c.i&ii are correct. d.i,ii,iv are correct.
20. Match the following. ( )
i.Vitamin K ( ) a.Calciferol
ii.Vitamin A ( ) b.Ascorbic acid
iii.Vitamin C. ( ) c.Retinol
iv.Vitamin D. ( ) d.Phylloquinone
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d , b.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a ,
c.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a , d.i-d ,ii-a ,iii-b ,iv-c .

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 21. The aim of the experiment shown in the following figure is. ( )

a. To prove that oxygen is released in photosynthesis

b. To Prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis
c. To prove that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
d. To prove that carbon dioxide is emitted in photosynthesis.
22.Find out the correct pathway of food in digestive system ( )
a. Mouth->oesophagus-> oral cavity->pharynx-> stomach-> small intestine->large intestine->
rectum-> anus
b. Mouth->oral cavity-> small intestine->large intestine-> pharynx->oesophagus->stomach->
rectum-> anus
c. Mouth->oral cavity->pharynx->oesophagus->stomach-> small intestine->large intestine->
rectum-> anus
d. Mouth->oral cavity->pharynx->oesophagus->stomach-> small intestine->large intestine->
rectum-> anus
23. The Aim of the experiment shown in the following figure is ( )

Ravi Shanker
a. To prove that oxygen is released in photosynthesis
b. To Prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis
c. To prove that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
d. To prove that carbon dioxide is emitted in photosynthesis.
24. Identify X in the figure given below ( )

a.membrane b.stroma thylakoid c.stroma d. grana thylakoid

25.The scientist who proved the Photolysis of water is ( )
a.John Enginehouse b.C.B.Van Neal c.Priestley d.Hill.

Answers
01.d 02.a 03.c 04.b 05.c
06.b 07.a 08.b 09.c 10.c
11.c 12.d 13.c 14.d 15.d
16.c 17.d 18.d 19.d 20.b
21.b 22.d 23.c 24.d 25.d
T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 04
 02.Respiration

Important points:

➢ The energy we need to carry out our day-to-day activities is

generated by the burning of food.
➢ Respiration is the process by which food is oxidized and used for
the release of energy.
➢ Not only inhalation and exhalation, but all the various processes
that take place in the cells until energy is released from food are all
part of respiration.
➢ The alveoli are structural and functional units of the lungs.
➢ The oxygen in the alveoli is distributed into the blood and the
carbon dioxide in the blood is distributed into the alveoli.
➢ Ribs, spinal cord and Diaphragm play an important role in
respiratory movements in humans.
➢ Due to exchange of gases, the percentage of carbon dioxide in the
exhaled air is higher and the percentage of oxygen is lower.
➢ The energy released as a result of respiration is stored in the form
of ATP.
➢ There are two types of respiration based on the availability of
oxygen.
➢ They are Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration. Ravi Shanker
➢ Aerobic respiration Takes place when oxygen is available and
anaerobic respiration Takes place when oxygen is not available.
➢ Plants also perform respiration like animals.
➢ Exchange of gases in plants takes place through stomata and
lenticels.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 05

 Bit bank:

01. Incorrect statement regarding combustion ( )

a.Combustion is an uncontrolled process.
b.Combustion takes place in the presence of water.
c.Thermal energy should be supplied from outside to start the combustion process.
d. When glucose is burnt, carbon dioxide, water and energy are released along with
coal.
02. The Plant parts which are useful in the exchange of gases are ( )
a. Stomata b. Chloroplasts c. Ribosomes d. Mitochondria
03.Junction of food and respiratory pathways ( )
a. Epiglottis b. Bronchus c. Pharynx d. Larynx
04. Read the following statements and identify the correct answer ( )
Sentence 01: Oxygen breaks down from the oxyhaemoglobin in the blood and reaches
the cells.
Sentence 02: Carbon dioxide, which is high in cells, enters the blood through diffusion.
a.Both the sentences are incorrect. b.The first sentence is correct and the second
sentence is incorrect.
c.The first sentence is incorrect and the second sentence is correct.
d.Both the sentences are correct.
05. The correct statement regarding respiration is ( )
i.Metabolism in which food is oxidised and converted into energy, carbon dioxide and
water.
ii. Respiration takes place in all living organisms.
iii. Respiration is an exothermic reaction.
iv. Oxygen is released during respiration.
Ravi Shanker
a. iv only correct b.i,ii,iii are correct.
c.i,ii are correct. d.ii, iii are correct.
06.Identify the incorrect pair from the following ( )
a.Fish-gills. b. Insects- Trachea. c. Birds - body wall. d.Mammals-lungs.
07.Identify the correct pair of respiration method ( )
a. Insects-Respiration by gills. b.Fish- Tracheal system.
c. Mammals-pulmonary respiration. d. Frog-diffusion.
08. vocal cords Present in ( )
a.Pharynx b.Larynx c. Trachea d.Bronchus
09. The structure that acts as a lid on the larynx ( )
a.Pharynx b.Larynx c. Epiglottis. d. Trachea

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 10. Human lung capacity ( )
a.5800 ml. b.580 ml. c.58 ml. d.58000 ml.
11. The element present in haemoglobin is ( )
a. Magnesium (Mg) b. Iron (Fe) c.Nickel (Ni) d.Cobalt (Co)
12. Match the following. ( )
i.Skin ( ) a.Tracheal respiration
ii. Lungs ( ) b. Respiration through the gills
iii. Gills. ( ) c. Pulmonary respiration
iv.Trachea. ( ) d.Cutaneous respiration
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a .
b.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a .
d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d .
Ravi Shanker
13. Aim of the thermos flask experiment is ( )
a.To prove that heat is Released during respiration
b. Proving that oxygen is Released in respiration
c.To Prove that carbon dioxide is released in respiration
d.Prove that oxygen is necessary for respiration
14.The energy stored in each ATP is ( )
a.720 calories b.7200 calories c.72000 calories d.72 calories
15.Expand the ATP ( )
a.Adenosine triphosphate b.Adenosine diphosphate
c.Adenosine tetraphosphate d.Adenosine pentaphosphate
16. The organelle known as the Power house of the cell is ( )
a. Chloroplast b. Mitochondria c. Cytoplasm d. Cell membrane
17. Identify the incorrect statement regarding respiration ( )
a.Respiration takes place only during the day time.
b. Respiration takes place in all living organisms.
c.Respiration is a kind of Catabolic reaction.
d.Respiration is a energy releasing reaction.
18. The process takes place in the presence of oxygen is ( )
a.Anaerobic respiration b.Aerobic respiration
c.Photosynthesis d.Fermentation
19. Respiratory organs in mangrove plants ( )
a.Stem b.Flower c.Leaves d. Roots
20.Organisms with Tracheal respiratory system ( )
a.Fish b.Earthworm c.Cockroach d. Frog
21. The aim of the experiment shown in the following figure is ( )

a.To prove that heat is released during respiration

b.Proving that oxygen is emitted in respiration
c.To Prove that carbon dioxide is released during respiration
d.To Prove that oxygen is necessary for respiration

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 07

 22. Identify X and Y in the figure given below ( )

a.X-Christe, Y-outer membrane. b.X-outer membrane, Y-Christe

c.X-inner membrane, Y-matrix d.X-matrix, Y-inner membrane
23. Identify the correct order of air pathway during the inhalation process. ( )
a. Nostrils-> larynx->Trachea->Bronchus-> nasal cavity->pharynx-> Bronchioles->
Alveolus->blood
b.Nostrils-> nasal cavity->pharynx->larynx->Trachea->Bronchus-> Bronchioles->
Alveolus->blood
c. Nostrils-> nasal cavity-> larynx->Trachea->Bronchus-> pharynx->Bronchioles->
Alveolus->blood
d. Nostrils-> pharynx->larynx->Trachea->Bronchus-> Bronchioles-> nasal cavity->
Alveolus->blood
24. The aim of the experiment shown in the following figure is ( )

Ravi Shanker

a.To prove that heat is released during respiration

b.Proving that oxygen is emitted in respiration
c.To Prove that carbon dioxide is released during respiration
d.To Prove that oxygen is necessary for respiration

Answers

01.b 02.a 03.c 04.d 05.b

06.c 07.c 08.b 09.c 10.a
11.b 12.c 13.a 14.b 15.a
16.b 17.a 18.b 19.d 20.c
21.c 22.b 23.b 24.a

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 08

 03.Transportation

Important points:

➢ All the living organisms need nutrients, gases and fluids for the growth and
maintenance of the body.
➢ All these substances have to be moved to all parts of the body of living beings.
➢ For this purpose, the circulatory system is a special system created by
organisms.
➢ The main components of the human circulatory system are the heart and blood
vessels.
➢ The human heart is slightly to the left in the middle of the lungs and is divided
into four chambers.
➢ The upper two chambers are called as Auricles and the lower two chambers are
called as ventricles.
➢ When the auricles and ventricles contract once and then return to their original
position, it is called as a Cardiac cycle.
➢ If the blood passes through the heart only once to complete a Cardiac cycle, the
circulation is called a single circulation. Ex: fish.
➢ If the blood passes through the heart twice to complete a circulatory cycle, such
a circulation is called Double circulation. Ex: Amphibians, Birds, Mammals,
etc.
➢ The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels is called blood
pressure.
➢ The blood pressure of a healthy human being is 120/80 at rest.
➢ When the body is injured, a red clot is formed where the blood clots and is cut
off.
➢ This process is called Coagulation of blood. Ravi Shanker
➢ Circulation in plants takes place through Xylem and Phloem tissues.
➢ The water absorbed by the roots of the plants is Transported to other parts of the
plant through xylem and the food materials prepared in the leaves are
transported through the phloem.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 09

 Bit bank:

01. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the heart. ( )

a.The heart is divided into four chambers.
b. The upper two chambers are called ventricles and the lower two chambers
are called auricles.
c. The walls of the auricles are thin.
d.The walls of the ventricles are thick.
02. The valve that pumps oxygenated blood from the left auricle into the left
ventricle ( )
a. Tricuspid valve b. Bicuspid valve c. Systemic valve d. Pulmonary valve
03. The time taken to complete a Cardiac cycle is ( )
a.0.4 sec b.0.8 sec. c. 0.1 sec. d. 0.2 sec.
04. Blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood ( )
i.Arteries ii. Veins. iii.Pulmonary vein iv.Pulmonary artery
a. iv only correct b.i,ii,iii are correct.
c.i,iii are correct.
05. Match the following.
d.ii, iii are correct. Ravi Shanker ( )
i.Amoeba ( ) a.Blood floods the issues directly
ii.Hydra ( ) b. Pseudo coelom
iii. Roundworms ( ) c.Gastric circulation cavity
iv.Insects ( ) d.Brownian movement
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d . b.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a . d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d .
06. An example for open blood circulatory system is ( )
i.Arthropoda ii.Mollusca iii.Lower chordata organisms
a. iv is only correct b.i,ii,iii is correct.
c.i,ii are correct. d.ii, iii are correct.
07.An example for closed circulatory system is ( )
a. Arthropoda b. Mollusca organisms c. Echinodermata d.higher chordates
a. iv is only correct b.i,ii,iii is correct.
c.i,ii are correct. d.iii&iv are correct.
08. Identify the correct statement from the following. ( )
a. Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood from the parts of the body to
the heart.
b. Pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood.
c. The pulmonary vein carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
d. The posterior venacava collects blood from the upper parts of the body
such as the head and neck

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 09. A device for measuring blood pressure is ( )
a.Sphygmomanometer b.Barometer. c.Thermometer d.Anemometer
10.Identify the correct pair from the following ( )
a.root hairs-on stem b.xylem-Transport of food items
c.stomata-transpiration d.Phloem-water transport
11. Identify the correct sentence from the following ( )
i.Root pressure helps in the transport of water in plants.
ii.In plants, water is transported through the xylem.
iii.The process of absorbing water through the roots in plants is called transpiration.
a.i only b.ii only c.i&ii only d.iii only
12. Delayed clotting of blood is caused by the deficiency of this vitamin. ( )
a.Vitamin K. b.Vitamin A. c. Vitamin D. d.Vitamin E
13. Identify the incorrect statement regarding arteries. ( )
a.Arteries have thick walls. b. Blood pressure in the arteries is high.
c. The arteries usually have oxygenated blood flowing.
d.Arteries supply blood from parts of the body to the heart.
14. Identify the correct sentence regarding the veins. ( )
a.Veins have thick walls. b. Blood pressure in the veins is high.
c. Veins usually have oxygenated blood flowing.
d. Veins carry blood from parts of the body to the heart.
Ravi Shanker
15. Example for single circulation ( )
a.Fish b.Amphibians c.Reptiles d.Birds
16. Example for double circulation ( )
i. Fish ii. Amphibians iii. Reptiles iv.Birds
a. i,ii are correct b. Only i is correct.
c.i,ii,iii are correct d. ii,iii, iv are correct
17.Identify the incorrect statement regarding blood pressure. ( )
a. The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels is called blood
pressure.
b. It is due to this pressure that blood flows throughout the body.
c. The blood pressure at rest in a healthy person is 80/120.
d.Blood pressure is measured with a instrument called sphygmomanometer.
18. What does the following figure indicate ( )

a.Blood Capillary b. Transfer section of Vein

c.Transfer section of Artery d.Lymph vessel
19. Tissues which play an important role in the transport of water and salts ( )
a. Xylem b. Dermal tissue c. Phloem d. Connective tissue.
20.Vitamin that helps in blood clotting ( )
a.Vitamin A b. Vitamin K c.Vitamin D d.Vitamin E

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 11

 21. The aim of the experiment shown in the following figure is ( )

a. To prove Root pressure in plants

b. To Prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis
c. To prove that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
d. To prove that carbon dioxide is emitted in photosynthesis.
22. What does the following figure indicate ( )

Ravi Shanker

a.Root pressure b.Photosynthesis

c.Transpiration d.Respiration

Answers

01. b 02.b 03.a 04.c 05.c

06.b 07.d 08.a 09.a 10.c
11.c 12.a 13.d 14.d 15.a
16.d 17.c 18. c 19. 20.b
21.a 22.c

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 12

 04.Excretion

Important points:

➢ During metabolic processes in living organisms, waste materials are

also produced along with the production of essential substances.
➢ The separation and the removal of a waste material from the body is
known as a Excretion.
➢ The main components of the human excretory system are: a pair of
kidneys, a pair of urinary tracts, the bladder, and the urethra.
➢ Each kidney contains approximately 1.3-1.8 millions of uriniferous
tubules (nephrons).
Ravi Shanker
➢ Each nephron consists of two parts, they are 1. Malpighian body
2.Tubular part.
➢ There are four stages in the process of formation of urine.
➢ They are 01. Glomerular filtration,02. Tubular reabsorption,03. Tubular
secretion, 04. Formation of high concentrated urine.
➢ The urine is light yellow in colour.
➢ This is due to a substance called urochrome, which is formed when the
haemoglobin in the blood is broken down.
➢ Dialysis or kidney transplantation is performed in those whose two
kidneys are not fully functioning.
➢ In the human body, the lungs, skin, liver, and Large intestine act as
Accessory excretory organs.
➢ Two types of biochemical substances are produced in plants.
➢ They are primary metabolites and secondary metabolites.
➢ Carbohydrates, proteins, fats are primary metabolites.
➢ Tannins, resins, gums, latex, alkaloids are various secondary metabolic
derivatives in plants.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 13

 Bit bank:

01. Identify the incorrect statement regarding kidneys. ( )

a.Humans have a pair of kidneys.
b.A pair of kidneys Present in a bean shaped.
c.A pair of kidneys are arranged on either side of the Backbone.
d.The kidney on the left side is slightly located lower than the right kidney.
02. The correct order of steps involved in urine formation is ( )
i . Glomerular filtration ii. Tubular reabsorption,
iii. Tubular secretion iv. Formation of high concentrated urine.
a.iv,iii,ii,i b.iv,ii,iii,i. c.i,iii,ii,iv d.i,ii,iii,iv
03. The length of the urinary tract is. ( )
a.30 cm b.40 cm. c. 50 cm d. 60 cm
04. Vasopressin deficiency disease ( )
a. Diabetes mellitus b. Diabetes insipidus c. ESRD d.Uremia
05. Percentage of water in urine ( )
a.94%. b. 95%. c. 96%. d. 97%.
06. The stage when the kidneys stop working and the body is filled with extra
water and waste materials. ( )
a. Diabetes mellitus b. Diabetes insipidus c. ESRD d.Uremia
07. Which of the following are the accessory excretory organs ( )
i. Lungs ii. Skin iii. Liver iv. Large intestine v. Heart
a.i,ii,iii,iv only b.ii,iii,iv only c. v only d.i only
08. Identify the incorrect pair from the following ( )
a.Platy helminths-flame cells b.Nematoda-Renet cells
c.Mollusca- Water Vascular System d. Annelida-Nephridia
09. Identify the incorrect statement from the following ( )
a.Alkaloids are nitrogenous by-products.
b. Tannins are organic compounds. Ravi Shanker
c. Resins are present in specialized resin vessels in Angiosperms.
d.Latex is a viscous, white liquid present in some plants.
10. The plant that produces rubber ( )
a.Jatropa b.Hevia braziliansis
c.Azadiracta indica d.Chrysanthemum

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 14

 11. Match the following. ( )
i. Platy helmenthes ( ) a.Meta nephredia
ii.Nematoda ( ) b.Nephridia
iii.Annelidae ( ) c.Renet cells
iv.Mollusca ( ) d.Flame cells
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d . b.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a . d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d .
12.Identify the incorrect pair from the following ( )
a.Cinchona officinalis-Quinine b.Cafia Arabica-Caffeine
c.Datura stromonium-nimbin d.Nicotiana tobaccum-nicotine
13. The main waste material in human urine is ( )
a.Urea b.Sodium c.Water d.Creatinine
14. The pigment that gives yellow colour to the urine ( )
a.Urochrome b.Bilirubin c. Biliverdin d. Chlorides
15. Functional and structural unit of the kidney ( )
a. Flame cell b. Neuron. c.Nephron d.Nephridia
16. Composition of urine is ( )
a.95% water, 2.5%. Organic matter, 1.5% are inorganic substances.
b.96% water, 1.5% organic matter, 2.5% inorganic materials.
c.96% water, 2.5% organic matter, 1.5% inorganic materials. Ravi Shanker
d.96% organic matter, 1.5% inorganic substances, 2.5% water.
17. The correct way in which urine travels in the human body ( )
a.Kidney ->urethra -> ureter -> urinary bladder.
b.Kidney -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra.
c. Kidney -> bladder -> urinary tract -> urethra.
d. Kidney -> urethra -> bladder -> ureter.
18. Which is not a part in tubular part of the nephron ( )
a.Proximal Convoluted tubule. b. Henley’s loop
c.Distal Convoluted tubule d.Bowman’s capsule
19. Excretory organs in earthworm ( )
a.Flame cells b.Renet cells c. Water Vascular system d.Nephridia
20. Identify the correct pair from the following. ( )
a.Quinine-disinfectant, stimulant b.Caffeine- Central nervous system stimulant
c.Nimbin-anesthetic d.Nicotine-Prevention of Malaria
21. Identify the figure given below ( )

a. Cell b. Neuron. c.Nephron d.Nephridia

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 15

 22. Identify X in the figure given below ( )

a.Cortex b. Medulla c.Ureter d.pelvis

Ravi Shanker

Answers

01.d 02.b 03.a 04.b 05.c

06.d 07.a 08.c 09.c 10.b
11.c 12.c 13.a 14.a 15.c
16.c 17.b 18.d 19.d 20.b
21.c 22.c

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 16

 05.Coordination

Important points:

➢ Our thoughts, emotions, and physical actions in our body are controlled by the
nervous system and endocrine systems with coordination.
➢ The human nervous system consists of parts called the brain, spinal cord and
nerves.
➢ The sense organs receives impulses.
➢ The nerve cell (neuron) is called the structural and the functional unit of the
nervous system.
➢ The place where the dendrites of one nerve cell meet with the dendrites or axons
of another nerve cell is called Synapse.
➢ Depending on the function, the nerves are divided into three types.
➢ They are sensory nerves, motor nerves, and Association nerves.
➢ Information travels in a certain way from the sensory organs to the spinal cord,
and from there to the affective organs.
➢ This is called the reflex arc. Ravi Shanker
➢ The human nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system and
the peripheral nervous system.
➢ The central nervous system consists of parts called the brain and spinal cord.
➢ The peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
➢ The brain divided into 3 parts. They are fore brain, mid brain and hind brain.
➢ The peripheral nervous system is formed by 12 pairs of spinal nerves originating
from the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves originating from the spinal cord.
➢ The autonomous nervous system is the nervous system in which many organs in
the body help in performing their functions.
➢ The endocrine glands release chemical substances called hormones directly into
the blood.
➢ Plants respond in accordance with stimuli such as light, water, heat, touch,
pressure, gravity, chemicals, etc.
➢ The hormones in plants are called phytohormones.
➢ Plants exhibit two types of motions, namely tropic movements and nastic
movements.
➢ Plant parts exhibit movements in the direction of stimulation when exposed to
external stimuli. These are called trophic movements.
➢ In some cases, the direction of the stimuli does not determine the direction of
movement.
➢ Such responses are called nastic movements.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 17

 Bit bank:

01. Structural and functional unit of the nervous system ( )

a. Flame cell b. Neuron. c.Nephron d.Nephridia
02. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the nerve cell ( )
a. Every nerve cell has a cell body that has a clear nucleus.
b. The structure that is elongated from the cell body is called the axon.
c. The nerve cells with myelin sheath are called Non myelinated neurons .
d. The gaps in the myelin sheath are called the nodes of ranvier.
03. The place where the dendrites of one nerve cell meet with the dendrites or axons
of another nerve cell ( )
a. Synapse b. axon. c.Runvir node d.Dendrite
04. The nerves that carry impulses from the sense organs to the central nervous system
are ( )
a. afferent nerves b. efferent nerves c. Association nerves d. Mixed nerves
05. Match The following. ( )
i.Pituitary gland ( ) a.Adrenaline
ii.ovaries ( ) b. Testosterone
iii.Testes ( ) c.Estrogen
iv. Adrenal gland ( ) d. Vasopressin
Ravi Shanker
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d . b.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a . d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d .
06. The nerves that carry impulses from the central nervous system to various body
parts, mainly to the affective organs ( )
a. afferent nerves b. efferent nerves c. Association nerves d. Mixed nerves
07. The parts that form the central nervous system are ( )
i. Brain ii. Spinal cord iii. Nerves
a.i only. b.i,ii only. c.ii only. d.ii,iii only.
08. Phyto-hormone that plays a role in the growth of cells in plants and In the
differentiation of roots and shoots ( )
a.Auxin b.Gibberellin c.Ethylene d.Cytokinin
09.Identify the incorrect pair from the following. ( )
a. Testes- Testosterone b.Pancreas-insulin and glucagon
c.Thyroid-thyroxine. d.Pituitary gland-Estrogen

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 18

 10. Match The following. ( )
i. Phototropism ( ) a.Tendrils
ii.Geotropism ( ) b.Growth towards water
iii. Hydrotropism ( ) c.Roots of plants
iv.Thigmotropism ( ) d.Sunflower plant
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d . b.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a . d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d .
11. Find out the odd one . ( )
a.Auxin b.Gibberellin c.Thyroxine d.Cytokinin
12. The number of spinal nerves in human is ( )
a.10 pairs b.31 pairs b.43 pairs c.12 pairs
13. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the brain. ( )
a. The brain is located in the skull.
b. There are three layers covering the brain. Ravi Shanker
c. The nerves that originate from the brain are called spinal nerves.
d. The brain weighs approximately 1400 grams.
14. Phyto-hormone which helps in the ripening of fruits ( )
a.Auxin b.Gibberellin c.Ethylene d.Cytokinin
15. Which of the following is a hormone that is not secreted by the pituitary gland ( )
a.Somatotrophin b. Progesterone c. Thyrotrophin d. Gonadotrophin
16. Identify the incorrect pair from the following ( )
a.Insulin-increasing the percentage of glucose in the blood
b.Glucagon - Increasing the percentage of glucose in the blood
c.Thyroxine-normal growth and metabolic rate
d.Somatotrophin-Bone growth
17. Identify the incorrect pair from the following. ( )
i. Cerebrum-seat of mental abilities ii. Diencepholon- The Center of Emotions
iii.Medulla oblangata – Maintain body posture and equilibrium.
a.i only. b.i,ii only. c.iii only. d.ii,iii only.
18. Identify the figure given below. ( )

a. Motor nerve b. Mixed nerve c. Sensory nerve d. Associated nerve

19. Identify X in the figure given below ( )

a. Cell body b. Axon c. Nucleus d.Dendrites

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 19

 20.Identify the figure given below. ( )

a. Motor nerve b. Mixed nerve c. Sensory nerve d. Associated nerve

Ravi Shanker

Answers

01.c 02.c 03.a 04.a 05.c

06.b 07.b 08.a 09.d 10.c
11.c 12.b 13.c 14.c 15.b
16.a 17.c 18.c 19.b 20. a

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 20

 06.Reproduction

Important points:

➢ Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce another generation of

organisms that are similar to themselves.
➢ Reproduction is of two types, namely asexual reproduction and sexual
reproduction.
➢ Reproduction that takes place without the involvement of male and female
gametes is called asexual reproduction.
➢ The next generation formed by asexual reproduction are genetically completely
similar to the parent organism.
➢ Parthenogenesis is the development of the egg and the sperm directly into an
embryo without being fertilized.
➢ In some plants vegetative reproduction takes place through roots, leaves and
stems.
➢ The transfer of pollen grains grom anther to stigma is called as Pollination.
➢ Pollination takes place in two ways namely self-pollination and cross
Pollination.
➢ When the pollen grains in a flower reach the stigma of the same flower, it is
called self-pollination.
➢ Cross pollination is the process by which pollen grains in a flower reach the
stigma of another flower on the same plant or the stigma of the flower on
another plant of the same species.
➢ The human male reproductive system consists A pair testes, Vasa efferentia, a
pair of epididymis, a pair of Vasa differentia, a pair of seminal vesicles,
ejaculatory duct, prostate gland, a pair of Cowper’s gland and urethra.
➢ The female reproductive system consists of a pair of Ovaries, a pair of fallopian
tubes, uterus, vagina.(the functional mammary glands, also integrate with
female reproductive system).
➢ There are two types of cell division. They are Mitosis and Meiosis.
Ravi Shanker
➢ Mitosis takes place in somatic cells (Vegetative cells).
➢ The two daughter cells formed in Mitotic division are genetically similar to the
parent cell.
➢ Meiosis takes place in the reproductive cells.
➢ Four daughter cells are produced by Meiotic division.
➢ The number of chromosomes in Daughter cells is reduced to half in Meiosis.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 21

 Bit bank:

01. Organisms which reproduce through budding ( )

i.Yeast ii.Hydra iii.Amoeba iv.Paramecium
a.i only. b.i and ii only. c.iii only. d. iii and iv only.
02. Match The following. ( )
i.Fission ( ) a.Planaria
ii.Budding ( ) b.Spirogyra
iii.Fragmentation ( ) c.Yeast
iv.Regeneration ( ) d.Paramecium
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d . b.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a . d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d .
03. Scientist who discovered that the number of chromosomes in a species of organisms
is definitely the same, no matter how many generations change ( )
a.Virchow b.Robert Remek c.Walther Flemming d.August Weismann
04.Identify the incorrect pair from the following. ( )
a.Fission-Paramecium. b.Budding-Yeast
c.Fragmentation-Spirogyra. d. Regeration-Human. Ravi Shanker
05.Identify the incorrect pair from the following. ( )
a.Runners-grass b.Stolons-Jasmine, Strawberries
c.Bulbs-Onion. d.corms-potato.
06. The scientist who observed that during cell division, string-like structures in the
nucleus of the cell split longitudinally ( )
a.Virchow b.Robert Remek c.Walther Flemming d.August Weismann
07. Identify the one which is different from the following. ( )
a. Vasa efferentia b. testes c.Fallopian tubes d.vasa diferentia
08. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the spermatozoa. ( )
a. Sperm cell has a head with an acrosome and a nucleus.
b. acrosome Helps the sperm cell to enter the egg.
c. The sperm cell has a tail in the middle connecting the head with the neck.
d. The tail helps the sperm to move forward.
09. Identify the odd one ( )
a.ovaries b.Fallopian tubes c. Testes d. Uterus
10. Identify the one which is different from the following. ( )
a.cuttings b.Grafting c.Leaf buds d.layering

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 22

 11. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the Embryo sac(Female gametophyte). ( )
a.Each egg consists of a micro structured Embryo sac.
b. Each embryo sac consists of 8 cells and 7 nuclei.
c. The pollen tube carries the two male spore nuclei to the embryo sac.
d. Double fertilization takes place in the embryo.
12.The time taken to complete the S (DNA synthesis) phase in the cell cycle is ( )
a.01 hrs. b.10.5 hrs. c. 3.5 hours. d.2.5 hrs.
13. “cells originate from pre-existing cells” . It was proposed by ( )
a.Virchow b.Robert Remek c.Walther Flemming d.August Weismann
14. Matche the following. ( )
i.Prophase ( ) a.The nuclear membrane and the nucleus are re-appeared.
ii. Metaphase ( ) b. Chromatids move towards the poles
iii.Anaphase ( ) c.Chromosomes are arranged in a row on the plate between the cells.
iv.Telophase ( ) d. The nucleus membrane and the nucleus disappears.
a.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a .
b.i-d ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-a .
d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d . Ravi Shanker
15. A three-month-old embyo is called as ( )
a.Foetus b.chorion c.Amnion d.Allantois
16. Identify the correct route of travel of sperms. ( )
a. Seminiferous tubules->vasa efferentia->epididymis->vasa deferentia->ejaculatory duct->urethra
b.Seminiferous tubules->vasa deferentia->ejaculatory duct->vasa efferentia->epididymis ->
urethra
c. Seminiferous tubules->epididymis->vasa deferentia->vasa efferentia->ejaculatory duct->urethra
d. Seminiferous tubules->vasa deferentia->ejaculatory duct ->vasa efferentia->epididymis->
urethra
17. The number of daughter cells formed as a result of Meiosis ( )
a. 02 b.04 c.08 d.01
18. The method to obtain plants with desirable characteristics is ( )
a.Cuttings b.Grafting c.Leaf buds d.Layering
19. The metabolism that helps to maintain their species and to produce next generation is ( )
a. Reproduction b. Digestion c. Respiration d. Excretion
20. Identify the figure given below ( )

a.Maroon ribbon b.Red ribbon c.Green ribbon d.Pink ribbon

21. The number of daughter cells formed as a result of Mitotic division ( )
a. 02 b.04 c.08 d.01

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 23

 22. Which of the following is not a method of artificial vegetative propagation ( )
a.Cuttings b.Layering c.Grafting d.Runners
23. Identify the phase of the Mitosis given below ( )

a.Prophase b.Metaphase c.Anaphase d.Telophase

24. Identify X in the figure given below ( )

Ravi Shanker
a.Head b. Tail c.Nucleus d.Neck
25. Identify X and Y in the figure given below ( )

a.X-Sepals, Y-Androecium b.X-Sepals, Y-Petals

c.X-Androecium, Y-Sepals d.X-Petals, Y-Sepals

Answers

01.b 02.c 03.d 04.d 05.d

06.c 07.c 08.c 09.c 10.c
11.b 12.b 13.a 14.c 15.a
16.a 17.b 18.b 19.a 20.b
21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.d

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 24

 07.Coordination in life processes

Important points:

➢ In living organisms, the organs that carry out biological functions such as
digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, coordination, reproduction, etc., are
arranged in specific areas of the body and perform the functions assigned to
them.
➢ These organs works each other in coordination.
➢ Each metabolism continues in coordination with the other metabolism so that
organisms are able to perform all their functions properly.
➢ All the metabolic activities are interdependent on each other in keeping the
body healthy.
➢ When the glucose level in the blood goes down we feel hungry.
➢ Then the cells in the stomach wall secrete a hormone called ghrelin.
➢ Thereby causing hunger pangs.
➢ Leptin hormone is secreted and appetite is suppressed when we feel that our
stomach is full and we don't need any food yet.
➢ Since taste and smell are closely related to each other, we are able to enjoy the
flavours of different food items.
➢ It is only when the tongue is pressed to the palate that we can easily recognize
the taste of food items.
➢ The tongue and teeth are useful in chewing the food we eat.
➢ There are four types of teeth in our mouth,they are incisors,canines,premolars
and molars.
➢ The dental formula of human is 2/2,1/1,2/2,3/3. Ravi Shanker
➢ Making food into small pieces in the mouth increases the surface area of the
food and helps in reacting with enzymes that help in digestion. So the food gets
digested quickly. Salivary amylase (ptyalin), an enzyme in the saliva, converts
carbohydrates into simple sugars.
➢ The food chewed in the mouth reaches the stomach through peristaltic
movement.
➢ Contractions and relaxations in the stomach muscles mix the food with acids
and other digestive juices.
➢ These digestive juices turn food into a soft slurry like liquid. This is called
chyme.
➢ The walls of the stomach are surrounded by the mucous membrane and are
protected from the effect of their own acids.
➢ Digested food is absorbed by the micro villi present in the walls of the small
intestine.
➢ Peristaltic waves move waste materials from the large intestine into the rectum.
➢ This waste is called stool.
➢ This stool is excreted out of the body through the anus.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 25

 Bit bank:

01. Hormone that stimulates the impulses of hunger ( )

a.Ghrelin b. Leptin c. Secretin d. Cholicystokinin
02. Identify the incorrect statement about the tongue ( )
i.It is a muscular structure. ii.It helps in identifying the smell of food.
iii.It also performs tasks such as moving and mixing food in the oral cavity.
a. i only. b.i and iii only. c.ii.only. d. ii and iii only.
03. Salivary enzyme that breaks down large starch molecules into simple sugars ( )
a. Salivary amylase b. Tripsin c. Pepsin d. Lipase
04.Human dental formula is 2 1 2 3. in this 3 refers to ( )
a.incisors, b.canines, c.premolars d.molars.
05. The hormone that suppresses hunger pangs ( )
a.Ghrelin b. Leptin c. Secretin d. Cholicystokinin
06.The process by which the bolus from the alimentary canal enters the stomach ( )
a.Photolysis b.Peristalsis c. Hydrolysis d.Glycolysis
07. The quantity of saliva produced by a human being in a day is ( )
a.1-5 liters. b. 1-1.5 liters. c.1-2.5 liters. d.1-3.5 litres
08.The correct sentence regarding easy identification of the taste of sugar is ( )
a. When sugar is placed on the tongue
b. When sugar solution is poured on the tongue
c. When sugar is placed on the tongue and pressed to the palate
Ravi Shanker
d.When sugar is swallowed without chewing
09. The nerve that transmits hunger signals is ( )
a. Vagus nerve b. Optic nerve c. Auditory nerve d.6th cranial nerve
10. Identify the Human dental formula ( )
a.2/2,1/1,3/3,2/2. b.2/2,3/3,1/1,2/2.
c.2/2,1/1,2/2,3/3. d.3/3,1/1,2/2,2/2.
11.The pH value of saliva is ( )
a. Greater than 7 b. Less than 7
b. c.less than to 2 d. More than 2

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 26

 12. Aim of chalk piece and vinegar experiment is ( )
a.Conveying that taste and smell are inextricably related to each other.
b.To know the necessity of chewing food.
c.To Know about the pH in the mouth.
d.To Know how the stomach is protected from its own acids.
13. The teeth used in biting food are ( )
a.incisors, b.canines, c.premolars d.molars.
14. The sphincter present where the stomach opens into the duodenum is ( )
a. Nervous sphincter b.Anal sphincter c. Pyloric sphincter d.Gastric sphincter
15. The nervous system that controls peristalsis ( )
i.Autonomous nervous system
ii.Enteric nervous system
iii. Peripheral nervous system
a.i only b. i and ii only c.ii only d.iii only
16. The part of the brain that controls exhalation and inhalation processes ( )
a.Diencepholon b. Cerebum c. Cerebellum d. Medulla oblangata.
17.Identify the figure given below ( )

Ravi Shanker

a. Pancreas b. Large intestine c. Villus d. Small intestine

Answers

01. a 02.c 03.a 04.d 05.b

06.b 07.b 08.c 09.a 10.c
11.a 12.b 13.a 14.c 15.b
16.d 17.c

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 27

 08.Heredity

Important points:

➢ There are variations and differences among the organisms.

➢ Transmission or passing of characters or traits from parent to offsprings is called
Heredity.
➢ The process in which traits are passed from one generation to another generation
is called Inheritance.
➢ Gregor Johann Mendel, a scientist, conducted several experiments on pea plants
about the traits and variations inherited to next generations.
➢ Only one of the two factors responsible for a trait is exposed in the offspring of
the F1 generation, while the other remains internal.
➢ This is called the law of dominance. Ravi Shanker
➢ The factors for each pair of characters assorts independently of the other pairs.
This is known as law of independent assortment.
➢ Every individual possess a pair of alleles for any particular trait and that each
parent passes a randomly selected copy of only one of these alleles to the
offsprings.
➢ The offspring receives its own pair of alleles of a trait one each from each
parent. This is called law of segregation.
➢ The XY chromosomes in the father's sperms play a major role in determining
the sex of infants.
➢ Homologous organs are those that have the same internal structure and bone
arrangement of the anterior limbs, even though the work performed is different.
➢ For example, in whales, flipper (to swim), in bats, the wings (to fly), in
cheetahs, the legs (to run), in the rats, the legs (to dig) and in humans, the hands
(to hold).
➢ Analogous organs are those that perform the same function but contains
different structure.
➢ For example, the wings of insects, the wings of birds, are different in structure,
but they perform the same type of function (flying).
➢ On the basis of the evidence of embryology, it is known that all living beings
have a common ancestor from which all living beings evolved.
➢ In the course of evolution, unnecessary organs gradually degenerate.
➢ But the organs that remain unused without such degeneration are called vestigial
organs.
➢ There are about 180 such vestigial organs in humans.
➢ That is why human body is called as the moving Museum of the vestigial
Organs.
➢ If in humans, the vestigial organs appear suddenly, it is called Atavism. For
example, a baby with a tail.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 28

 Bit bank:

01. The correct statement regarding the natural selection is ( )

a.Selection of characteristics that are worthy of nature
b. Reacting nature with living beings
c. Organisms producing more offspring
d.Ensuring that there are more trees in nature
Ravi Shanker
02. Number of chromosomes in males ( )
a.44+XY. b.22+XY. c.44+XX. d.23+XX.
03. Correct with respect to chromosomes in females ( )
a.44+XY. b.22+XY. c.44+XX. d.23+XX.
04. Identify the correct pair from the following. ( )
a.Heredity of acquired qualities-August Weissman. b. Germplasm theory-Lamarck.
c. Natural selection-Charles Darwin. d.Origin of Species-Mendel.
05.Phenotypic ratio of Mono hybrid cross is ( )
a.3:1. b.1:2:1. c.1:3:1. d.2:1.
06.Genotypic ratio of Mono hybrid cross is ( )
a.3:1. b.1:2:1. c.1:3:1. d.2:1.
07. Scientists have discovered sex linked traits in drosophila fly. ( )
a.Wilkins and Franklin b.Franklin and Walter Sutton
c.Walter Sutton and Wilkins d.Walter Sutton and Thomas Hunt
08.Number of pairs of Autosomes in human ( )
a.22 pairs b.23 pairs c.44 pairs d.46 pairs
09.Number of pairs of Allosomes in human ( )
a.01 pair b.23 pairs c.44 pairs d.46 pairs
10. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the evolution of human beings. ( )
a.Homo habilus lived 1.6-2.5 million years ago.
b.Homo erectus lived 1 -1.8 million years ago.
c. Homo neanderthalensis lived about 10 lakh-80,000 years ago.
d.Homo sapiens (present-day humans) seem to have lived since 10000 thousand years
ago.
11. The science of studying fossils is called. ( )
a. Palaeontology b. Embryology c. Genetics d. Pollination
12. Organs that have the same structure and perform different functions. ( )
a.Analagous organs b.Homologous organs
c. Genetic organs d.Fossilized organs

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 29

 13. Organs having the same function and having different structures. ( )
a.Analagous organs b.Homologous organs
c. Genetic organs d.Fossilized organs
14. Identify the figure given below ( )

a.Analagous organs
c.Genetic organs
b.Homologous organs
d.Fossilized organs
Ravi Shanker
15. Identify the correct sequence of human evolution. ( )
a.Diopithicus->Ramapithicus->Astralopithicus->Homo habilus->Homo erectus->
Homo Neanderthalensis->Cromagnan->Homo sapiens(Modern man)
b. Diopithicus->Ramapithicus->Homo erectus->Astralopithicus->Homo habilus->
Homo Neanderthalensis->Cromagnan->Homo sapiens(Modern man)
c. Diopithicus->Homo habilus->Homo erectus->Homo Neanderthalensis->
Ramapithicus->Astralopithicus-> Cromagnan->Homo sapiens(Modern man)
d. Diopithicus->Homo Neanderthalensis->Cromagnan->Ramapithicus->Astralopithicus->
Homo habilus->Homo erectus->Homo sapiens(Modern man)

Answers

01.a 02.a 03.c 04.c 05.a

06.b 07.d 08.a 09.a 10.c
11.a 12.b 13.a 14.b 15. a

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 30

 09.Our environment

Important points:

➢ The environment plays an important role in the survival of all living beings.
➢ The interaction of all the biological, physical and chemical factors that affect
organisms is called environment.
➢ The place where organisms live is called habitat.
➢ Food chains and food web describe the food relationship among the organisms.
➢ The food chain refers to what an organism feeds on in a habitat.
➢ Generally, the number of organisms at each level decreases as we move from
producers to consumers in the food chain.
➢ The energy-rich food in the ecosystem reaches in a step wise manner from
producers to consumers keeping in mind the food relationships.
➢ The food chain shows how energy is transferred from one organism to another.
➢ A large amount of this transfer, i.e., about 80 to 90% of the energy, is lost from
organisms in the form of heat produced by respiration and other processes.
➢ The food chains are vegetative and connect with each other at various nutrient
levels to form a web-like structure. This is called the food web.
➢ The term ecological pyramid was first introduced in 1927 by the British
ecologist Charles Elton.
➢ The ecological pyramid is a graphical representation of the feeding level of an
ecosystem.
➢ Pyramids are of three types namely 1. Pyramid of Number, 2. Pyramid of
Biomass ,3.Pyramid of Energy.
➢ At every trophic level in the food chain, the size of organisms generally
increases, but the number of organisms decreases.
➢ The biomass pyramid refers to the amount of biomass at each trophic level. In
earth's ecosystems, the biomass from producers to carnivores is gradually
decreasing.
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➢ Hence this pyramid is stays upright in the earth’s(land) ecosystem.
➢ The structure of the pyramid of biomass in the aquatic ecosystem is inverted.
➢ Most of the energy is wasted in the form of heat during the transmission of
energy. So that only a fraction of the energy reaches the organisms at the next
trophic level.
➢ The entry of pollutants into the food chain is called Bioaccumulation.
➢ The tendency of pollutants to concentrate as they move from one trophic level
to the next is known as Biomagnification.
➢ Biological principles to be taken to protect crops from pests and to ban
pesticides.
➢ Crop rotation, knowing the life history of insects associated with pests,
biological control, genetic strains, environmental ethics.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 31

 Bit bank:

01.Pyramid that representing the amount of biomass at each trophic level is ( )

a.Biomass pyramid b.Number pyramid c.Energy pyramid d.Ecological pyramid
02.The first trophic level of the food chain in an ecosystem consists of ( )
a.Carnivores b.Herbivores c.Producers d.Saprophytes
03.The process by which pollutants are concentrated from one trophic level in the
food chain to the next trophic level ( )
a.Bioaccumulation
c.Biotransformation
b.Biomagnification
d.Biological control
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04. Which of the following statements regarding producers is incorrect ( )
a.All green plants and blue green algae are producers.
b. Green plants absorb food from dead and decaying matter.
c. Producers prepare food from inorganic materials.
d. Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.
05. The role of an organism in its particular ecosystem is described by ( )
a. Food chain b. Food web
c. Niche d.Trophic level
06.The trophic level which containing less energy in the food chain is ( )
a.Producers b.Primary consumers
c.Secondary consumers d.Tertiary consumers
07.The trophic level which containing hihg energy in the food chain is ( )
a.Producers b.Primary consumers
c.Secondary consumers d.Tertiary consumers
08. Herbivores in the ecosystem ( )
a.Producers b.Primary consumers
c.Secondary consumers d.Tertiary consumers
09.The entry of pollutants into the food chain ( )
a.Bioaccumulation b.Biomagnification
c.Biotransformation d.Biological control
10. The scientist who coined the term ecological pyramid ( )
a.Charles Darwin b. Charles Elton c. Alfred Russell d. Malthus
11. Pyramid representing the number of organisms at each trophic level ( )
a.Biomass pyramid b.Number pyramid c.Energy pyramid d.Ecological pyramid
12. Identify the one which is different from the following with respect to biological
laws ( )
a. Crop rotation b. Biological control c. Environmental ethics d. Deforestation
13. Plants- Insects- Frogs- Snakes- eagle
The primary consumers in the above food chain are ( )
a.Plants b.Insects c.Frogs d.Snakes
14. The food chain ends with ( )
a.Herbivores b.Top most Carnivores c.Producers d. Primary consumers

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 32

 15. The year in which minimeta disease was first detected ( )
a.1952 b.1956 c. 1932 d.1968
16. The incorrect statement regarding the ecological pyramid is ( )
a.The concept of pyramid is used to show the relationships between organisms in the food
chain.
b.Ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the structure of the ecosystem at different
trophic levels in a linear manner in the form of a pyramid.
c.British ecologist Charles Elton introduced the pyramids of ecology.
d. At the base of the pyramid there are top most carnivores.
17. Prohibition of pesticides means ( )
a.Control over the use of pesticides. b. Prevention of pesticides.
c.Promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices. d.Closure of biochemical industries.
18. All food chains start with. ( )
a.Producers b.Primary consumers
c.Secondary consumers d.Tertiary consumers
19.Identify the correct food chain among the following ( )
a.Eagle-> Rat-> Snake-> Nuts
b.Nuts-> Rat-> Snake-> Eagle
c.Nuts-> eagle-> rat-> snake
d.Rat-> snake-> seeds-> eagle
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Answers

01.a 02.c 03.b 04.b 05.c

06.d 07.a 08. b 09. a 10. b
11.b 12.d 13.b 14.b 15. b
16. d 17. c 18.a 19.b

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 33

 10.Natural Resources

Important points:

➢ There are a lot of natural resources on this earth such as water, air, soil,
minerals, fuels, plants, animals, etc.
➢ Natural resources must be conserved in a judicial manner for future use.
➢ Some natural resources are regenerated after use. Such resources are called
Renewable resources. For example air, water, etc.
➢ Some resources cannot be restored. Once fully used, it cannot be reproduced.
Such resources are called Non-renewable resources.
➢ For example fossil fuels. Ravi Shanker
➢ Resource management is very essential for resource conservation.
➢ It is necessary to prepare people in such a way that it reduces the use of
resources and reduces the pressure on the environment by reusing the resources.
➢ If we use the environment in such a way that the natural resources needed for
future generations are made available, it will be sustainable development.
➢ Forests are like lungs to the world. For the sustainability of forests, methods
such as reducing cutting of trees, adopting practices that allow trees to re-grow
naturally, banning large-scale cutting of tall trees and large trees should be
followed.
➢ We need to have a very fertile soil to grow the crops we need. The soil is
required for wild plants to grow. Our survival of crops also depends on soil
conservation.
➢ Biodiversity is the diversity of organisms living on earth.
➢ The biological diversity is needed for food materials, the materials used for
construction, the availability of medicines and the presence of a clean and
healthy soil.
➢ In order to avoid depletion of fossil fuels, they must be used carefully and
preserved by everyone.
➢ Most of the identified and discovered minerals have been depleted as the
mineral resources in the earth are depleting. It becomes difficult to buy and
consume them.
➢ Profitable mining methods and recycling techniques of materials can help in
preserving mineral resources.
➢ The four R's required for environmental protection. 4 R’s are,
➢ 1.Reduce 2.Reuse 3. Re-cycle 4. Recover.

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 34

 Bit bank:

01. Identify the odd one ( )

a.Seas b.Forests c.Rivers d.Villages

02.Lungs of the earth are ( )

a.Seas b.Forests c.Rivers d.Villages
03. Sustainable Development means. ( )
a.Eradication of forest and establishment of industries
b.Clearing the forest and constructing a shopping mall
c.Living with emphasis on both development and care
d.Converting the forest into a zoo
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04. What plays a role in increasing the ground water ( )
a.Development of fallow lands b.Drip irrigation
c.Percolation pits d.Formation of water users' associations
05. Which of the following is an non-renewable resource? ( )
a.Fossil fuel b.Forest c.Water d.Air
06.The reasons for the release of large quantities of hazardous chemicals into our
surroundings are ( )
a.Modern technology b.Prsticides c.Mines d.Industries
07.Plants used for biofuel production ( )
a.Jasmine b. Nerium c. Jatropha d. Rose
08. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas ( )
a.CO b.CO2 c.O2 d.SO2
09. Which of the following are non-renewable resources? ( )
i.Coal ii.Petroleum iii. Air iv. water
a.i only b.i, ii only c.iii,iv only d.i, iv only
10. The year in which the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
was formed ( )
a.1948 b.1947 c.1968 d.1967
11. Match the following. ( )
i.Non-renewable resource ( ) a.Jatropha
ii.Renewable source ( ) b.Soak pits
iii.Rain water harvesting. ( ) c. Air
iv. Biodiesel plant ( ) d. Fossil fuels
a.i-d ,ii-b,iii-c,iv-a. b.i-a ,ii-b ,iii-c ,iv-d .
c.i-d ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-a . d.i-a ,ii-c ,iii-b ,iv-d .

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 35

 12.Incorrect with respect to the four R's required for environmental protection ( )
a.Deforestration b.Reduce c.Reuse d.Recycling
13. The reason why the wells in Wanaparthy have more water than vaddicherla is ( )
a.Having more borewells b.Less land cultivation
c. Having soak pits d.Having borewells with deeper depths
14. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel ( )
a.CNG b.LPG c. Natural gas d.Biogas
15.The policy that farmers can follow in areas where less water is available ( )
i.Cultivating short-term crops ii.Growing commercial crops
iii.Drip irrigation iv.Declaration of crop holiday
a.i,iii only. b.i,ii,iii only. c.i,iv only. d.iii,iv only
16. The reason why farmers grow Gliricidia plants on the bunds of the field is ( )
a. To prevent pollution b. To increase nitrogen reserves in the soil
c. For prevention of weeds d. For cattle feed
17. Identify the figure given below ( )

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a.Cutting b.Reducing c.Reuse d.Recycling
18. What does the figure given below indicate ( )

a.Air pollution b.Soil pollution c. Water pollution d.Sustainable development

Answers

01.a 02.b 03.c 04.c 05.a

06.b 07.c 08.c 09.b 10.a
11.c 12.a 13.c 14.d 15.a
16.b 17.d 18.d

T.Ravi shanker, School Assistant (Biology), 9052510746. 36