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Getting_Started

The document outlines a lecture schedule for a Quantum Computing course, detailing topics, assignments, and exams from January to May 2025. It includes information on graded activities, resources, and various quantum computing devices, such as trapped ions, impurity spins, and superconducting circuits, along with their advantages and weaknesses. Additionally, it introduces the fundamental postulates of quantum mechanics and the requirements for quantum computers.

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Chakri Chakradhar
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4 views26 pages

Getting_Started

The document outlines a lecture schedule for a Quantum Computing course, detailing topics, assignments, and exams from January to May 2025. It includes information on graded activities, resources, and various quantum computing devices, such as trapped ions, impurity spins, and superconducting circuits, along with their advantages and weaknesses. Additionally, it introduces the fundamental postulates of quantum mechanics and the requirements for quantum computers.

Uploaded by

Chakri Chakradhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1

" I think I can safely say that


nobody understands quantum
mechanics."
R. Feynman
Schedule
TOPIC ASSIGNMENTS
1/13/2025 Introduction - Linear Algebra
1/20/2025 NO CLASS
1/27/2025Quantum Mechanics Postulates Assignment 1
2/3/2025Quantum Gates - Circuits
2/10/2025Programming QC - Teleportation
2/11/2025Exercises Assignment 2
2/17/2025 Term Exam
2/24/2025Quantum Algorithm - Oracles
3/3/2025Bernstein - Vazirani
3/10/2025Springbreak
3/17/2025Grover Search - Project Description Assignment 3 (Project Proposal)
3/24/2025Quantum Fourier Transform
3/31/2025 Term Exam
4/7/2025Quantum Phase Estimation
4/14/2025Shor Algorithm - QKD Assignment 4 (Project Review)
4/21/2025Easter Monday
4/28/2025QC Applications
5/5/2025 Final Exam Week
Graded Activities
• Term Exams (30%)
• The exam will be 15% each
• Final Exam (20%)
• The exam will be 20%
• Project (20%)
• Part 1 (5%)
• (Option 1) Define your idea, and propose an approach based on the first week of lectures
on how to solve it.
• (Option 2) Choose one of the proposed problems to solve, and propose an approach
based on the first week of lectures. These problems will be described on Class.
• Part 2 (15%)
Provide a Jupyter notebook with the solution of your Project, in this notebook you should
include the problem description, description of the proposed solution, and code
implementation from the solution.
• Assignments (30%)
• Each assignment will be 15% each.
Resources
Introductory Books
Comprehensive Books
For Mathematicians
For Physicists
For Informaticians
IBM Composer

https://quantum.ibm.com/composer/files/new
Quirk

https://algassert.com/quirk
Qiskit • Qiskit is an open-source framework
developed by IBM.
• Based on Python Easy to integrate with other
tools and Python libraries.
• Access to Quantum Hardware: Execution on
quantum hardware through IBM Quantum
Experience.
• Advantages:
• Active Community
• Access to Quantum Hardware
• Educational Environment
Cirq
• Cirq is an open-source library
developed by Google
• Based on Python
• Easy to integrate with other tools and
Python libraries.
• Focus on Real Hardware: Specifically
designed to optimize circuits that can
be executed on hardware like Google's
Sycamore quantum processor.
PyQuil
• PyQuil is a Python library developed by Rigetti
Computing.
• Based on Python Easy to integrate with other
tools and Python libraries.
• Allows the execution of quantum circuits on real
hardware through Rigetti's Forest SDK and AWS
Braket.
• Suitable for academic research, education, and
the development of industrial quantum
applications.
• Active Community and Resources:
• Extensive documentation, practical examples, and
active support from the quantum community.
Q# • Q# (Q-sharp) is a programming language
developed by Microsoft.
• Integration with .NET and Python: Allows
combining quantum programming with
classical languages, facilitating the
management of mixed tasks.
• Q# provides an environment for developing
quantum applications.
• Possibility to run algorithms on real
quantum hardware through Microsoft Azure
cloud.
Tools

www.qbraid.com
www.anaconda.co
m
www.pennylane.ai
www.qiskit.org
The journey

Taken from: Ayoade, O., Rivas, P., & Orduz, J. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Computing at the Quantum Level. Data, 7(3), 28.
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
• State Space: Describes the state of a
closed system.
• Evolution: describes the evolution of a
closed system.
• Measurement: describes how
information is extracted from a closed
system via interactions with an external
system.
• Composite systems: describes the state
of a composite system in terms of its
component parts
Introduction: Quantum Computing
• Quantum Mechanics: Branch of
theoretical physics that describes
mechanics and electromagnetism
phenomena at the atomic and sub-
atomic levels.
• Quantum Computer: Device that
performs calculations using
coherent atomic-scale dynamics Quantum Computer: IBM Q System One

governed by Quantum Mechanics


laws.
Requirements for a Quantum Computer
1. A scalable physical system with well characterized qubits
2. The ability to initialize the state of the qubits to a simple state
3. Long decoherence times, much longer than the gate operation
time
4. A “universal” set of quantum gates
5. A qubit-specific measurement capability
two criteria requiring the possibility to transmit information:
Layout of IBM’s five superconducting
6. The ability to interconvert stationary and flying qubits. quantum bit device. (credit: IBM Research)

7. The ability to faithfully transmit flying qubits between specified


locations.

DiVincenzo, D. P. (2000). The physical implementation of quantum computation. Fortschritte der Physik: Progress of Physics, 48(9‐11), 771-783.
Devices: Trapped Ions
Ion trap quantum computing
typically operates on a qubit
register formed by a linear string of
ions confined in a radio frequency
trap. Each physical qubit is based
on two internal levels of a single
ion. Gate operations use
microwave or laser fields
Ion trap for quantum computing | Credit: NQIT/Stuart Bebb

Scalability remains the most significant challenge in ion systems


Devices: Impurity spins
In this scheme, defects in a material such as
diamond or silicon are used as qubits.
Example: Diamond is made up of a regular lattice
of carbon atoms. If a carbon atom is missing this
forms a vacancy. If a nitrogen atom is sitting in the
lattice in place of a carbon atom and happens to
be next to a vacancy, then this forms a special
defect called a ‘nitrogen-vacancy’ (NV) center. The
electrons associated with this center when
subjected to a magnetic field, the electronic spin
can be up, down or in a superposition of the two.
This then forms a qubit. Taken from: https://www.scitecheuropa.eu/diamond-
quantum-technologies/93360/
Despite recent progress, nano-positioning and the creation yield of defects
is still a major and most pressing challenge
Devices: Superconducting circuits
Special electrical circuits can
behave like ‘artificial atoms’. These
circuits are made from
superconducting materials (such as
aluminium and niobium), cooled to
very low temperatures and operated
with microwave radiation

Designing and fabricating large scale superconducting circuits addressing all


circuit elements without crosstalk is challenging
Devices
Qubit type Advantages Weaknesses
-Extremely good quantum -Difficult to scale up the
state control number of qubits
Ion/atom Trap -Little interaction with
environment
-All ions are identical
-Compatible with current -Each qubit is slightly
Superconductin lithography procedures different due to
g -Electrical control fabrication imperfections

-Potentially long coherence -Each qubit may be


times slightly different
-Optical and/or electrical -Difficult to isolate from
Spins control possible the environment
-Room temperature
operation
Q&A

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