10/2023

TECHNICAL GUIDE
Sandwich Panel Systems
TECHNICAL GUIDE
The technical data and recommendations included Any other information submitted, e.g. on load
in this Technical Guide are based on EN 14509 Self- assumptions, dimensioning, detail design and
supporting double skin metal faced insulating panels. installation is to be considered as guiding
In countries where Paroc Panel System has approvals information only.
or where a country has specific standards, panels and
Latest version of this guide will always be published
solutions are designed in accordance therewith and
on our website. When designing Paroc Panel System
deviations may be made from this Technical Guide.
panel solutions get also acquainted with our detail
Paroc Panel System is only responsible for the solutions which can be found on our website
properties of the panels included in this literature. www.parocpanels.com.

2
CONTENTS

1. Paroc Panel System fire proof panels 3. Fire safe solutions

1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.2 Facings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Fire-rated walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
1.2.1 Coatings for external facings . .5 3.2.1 EI-M classified fire wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
1.2.2 Coatings for internal facings . .5 3.3 Fire-rated ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.2.3 Hygienic caotings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4 Fire safe detail solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.3 Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Paroc Panel System panel types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Acoustic solutions
1.5 Panel performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6 ermal insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.1 Sound insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.7 Tightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2 Sound absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.7.1 Air tightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.7.2 Rain tightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Hygiene solutions
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
2. Dimensioning
5.2 Panels in hygiene solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.3 Hygiene in use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.1.1 Vertical loads on panel edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
2.1.2 Support width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
6. Fastenings
2.2 External walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.1 Loads for external walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.1 Panel fixings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.2.2 Spans for single-span external walls . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2 Fastening of wall panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.2.3 Spans for multi-span external walls . . . . . . . . . 23 6.2.1 Fastening with penetrating panel fixings . . . . .42
2.3 Internal walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6.2.2 Fastening using profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.3.1 Loads for internal walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 6.3 Fastening of ceiling panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.3.2 Spans for single-span internal walls . . . . . . . . . .24 6.4 Fastening of panels in fire-rated structures . . . . 45
2.4 Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.5 Fixing of flashings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.4.1 Loads for ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.6 Suspensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.4.2 Spans for single-span ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.6.1 Forces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.4.3 Protection of walk-on ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.5 Deflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.6.2 Allowed loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.6 Openings and cut-outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
2.7 Dimensioning example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7. Approvals covering our core markets . . . . 51

3
1 Paroc Panel System fire proof panels

1.1 General
Paroc Panel System fire proof panels are prefabricated stone performance in strength and durability. The bonding between
wool based lightweight sandwich panels. The facings are the core and the facings is performed by an adhesive which
made of steel sheet and they act together with the PAROC fully covers the surfaces.
structural wool core to provide a composite action of high

Figure 1. Components of PPS panels.

1
2

3
4

1 Zinc-coated steel sheets with top coating according to environmental demands.

2 Specially developed adhesive, that fulfils the AST ® quality demands on strength and durability as well as the
requirements for non-combustible products A2-s1,d0 for panels, covers the whole surface area.

3 Non-combustible (A1) core of PAROC structural stone wool lamellas give equal strength properties in each cross section
of the panel.

4 Multi-layer primer to ensure the bonding between the adhesive and the zinc layered steel sheet.

5 Fire safe joint design that makes the panel tight for hot gases and flames and gives up to 4 hours (EI 240) fire resistance
properties.

AST® quality (Advanced Structural Technology) results in AST® quality can not be identified visually, but they can still be
secure strength properties, reliable long-term durability and measured and controlled in the manufacturing process. AST®
fire safety in sandwich panels. The essential characteristics of quality is fully implemented in Paroc Panel System panels.

4
1.2 Facings
Paroc Panel System panels have surfaces made of hot dip
exposed surface of the steel has a coil coating and the reverse

Figure 2. Facing structure of PPS panels.

1 Coil coating
2 Primer
3 Passivation layer
4 Zinc
5 Steel
6 Epoxy coating

Standard thicknesses of the coil coated steel sheet are 0.5 and Standard surface coatings are Spectrum®, PVDF and CLEANsafe.
0.6 mm. Colour range is presented in a separate brochure. Especially
in high temperature interiors galvanized steel sheet with no
substrate coating can be used. If high hygiene requirements
• in external walls 0.6 mm sheet externally and 0.5 mm
exist FoodSafe surface coating or different types of stainless
internally steel sheet can be chosen.
• in internal walls 0.5 mm sheet on both sides of the panel
• in ceilings 0.6 mm sheet on the upper side and 0.5 mm on
the lower side
• perforated steel sheet for PPS acoustic panel 0.6 mm
• stainless steel 0.6 mm.
• galvanized steel 0.6 mm

On request also other steel sheet thicknesses are available.

1.2.1 Steel coatings for external facings

Spectrum® GREEN PVDF

Spectrum® GREEN is a bio-based coating where the fossil PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) is fine-looking external coating
component has been replaced with a rapeseed oil. featuring colour purity, strength, resistance and stability. PVDF
Spectrum® GREEN is fully chromate free, provides strong coatings vary in thickness from 27 µm to 35 µm and consist of 2
corrosion resistance of RC5+ and UV resistance of RUV4, and or 3 layers of paint. Provide very good protection against
performs in all weather conditions and variety of applications. environmental weathering and is perfectly suited for highend
applications.

Spectrum® 1.2.2 Steel coating for internal facings

Spectrum® is a coating that delivers aesthetic brilliance and
guaranteed performance in a variety of applications. It is a
technically advanced polyurethane (PU) coating with a thickness
CLEANsafe 25
of 50 µm and multi-layer materials applied to a metal substrate CLEANsafe 25 is a versatile polyester coating with thickness of
which provides the necessary protection and longevity. 25 µm that is characterized by robustness, flexibility, durability.
Suitable for external and internal applications and standard
environment.

5
1.2.3 Hygienic facings CLEANsafe 304
In facilities for manufacturing, handling and storing in the food CLEANsafe 304 is chemically inert, crevice free austenitic stainless
industry, the FoodSafe coatings can be used. steel, quality according to 1.4301, suitable for highly corrosive
internal environments.

CLEANsafe 120
CLEANsafe 316L
CLEANsafe 120 is a chemically inert polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film,
laminated to pre-treated metal, and suitable for internal CLEANsafe 316L is inox stainless steel with quality according to
applications in food processing and controlled environments. 1.4404, specifically designed for conditioned environments with
a high corrosion factor, moisture, acids and chemicals like chloride.

Table 1. Properties of the coatings.

Coating
Property
Spectrum PVDF 2L PVDF 3L CLEANsafe 25 CLEANsafe 120 304/316L4)

polyurethane polyvinylid- polyvinylid- PVC stainless

Material polyester
en-fluoride en-fluoride laminate steel
internal/
Application external external external dry internal internal
external
Coating thickness, µm 50 27 45 25 120
smooth unpolished
Surface structured smooth smooth smooth smooth matt / brushed

Max temperature, °C 1)
100 110 100 90 60 870/100
Recommended environmental category 2) RC5 RC4 RC4 RC3 RC5 >C3 3)
Appearance preservation excellent excellent excellent good good good
Gloss, Gardner 60° 40 35 27-35 35 11 semi-reflective

1)
Refers to continuous operating temperature
2)
Corrosion classes according to EN 12944-2
3)
Cases in this environment need specific performance check
4) Quality according to 1.4301 and 1.4404

1.3 Core
PAROC structural stone wool in which the wool fibres are In addition, moisture has no effect on the stability of the core
uniformly aligned to achieve controlled strength properties.
It is water-repellent, non-hygroscopic and non-capillary.

1.4 Paroc Panel System panel types

five types and different • AST® S for external and internal walls in
technical performance. Panel type is chosen according to normal use in buildings with normal fire requirements
required strength, fire and thermal insulation properties:
• AST® F and AST® F+ for walls with high fire requirements
• AST® L for internal and external walls with high
thermal insulation requirements • AST® E for ceilings but can also be used for walls in case of
higher strength requirements.

6
1.5 Panel performance
Fire rating are also subject to limitations on span width.
Please be in contact with Paroc Panel System or check
www.parocpanels.com

Table 2. Technical performance of Paroc Panel System panels.

External and internal walls

Panel property
Panel
type Nominal thickness, mm 50 80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
Actual thickness, mm 53 79 99 120 151 173 202 243
U-value, W/m2K 1) – 0.45 0.37 0.30 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.12
AST L
® Fire rating, max 2) – NPD NPD NPD EI 120/ EI 120/ EI 120/ EI 120/ EI 120/
horizontal/vertical EI 180 EI 180 EI 180 EI 180 EI 180
Weight, kg/m2 3) – 15 17 18 21 22 24 27 31
U-value, W/m2K 1) – 0.48 0.38 0.32 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.13
AST ® S Fire rating, max 2) EI 1 5/ EI 60/ EI 180 / EI 180/ EI 180/ EI 18 0/ EI 1 80/ EI 1 80/
–
horizontal/vertical EI 45 EI 60 EI 90 EI 120 EI 180 EI 240 EI 240 EI 240
Weight, kg/m2 3) – 17 19 21 23 25 28 32 37
U-value, W/m2 1) – 0.53 0.43 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.14
Fire rating, max 2) -/ EI 90 EI 45/ EI 180 / EI 240/ EI 240/ EI 240/ EI 240/ EI 240/
AST ® F horizontal/vertical – EI 120 EI 120 EI 1 80 EI 240 EI 240 EI 240 EI 240
Weight, kg/m2 3) – 19 21 24 27 30 33 38 45
U-value, W/m2 1) – – 0.43 0.36 – – – – –
Fire rating, max 2) EI 120/ EI 120/
AST ® F+ – – – – – – –
horizontal/vertical EI 120 EI 120
Weight, kg/m2 3) – – 21 24 – – – – –
U-value, W/m2 1) 0.77 0.53 0.43 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.14
Fire rating, max 2) EI 15/ EI 60/ EI 180/ EI 180 / EI 1 80/ EI 1 80/ EI 1 80/ EI 1 80/
AST ® E –
horizontal/vertical EI 45 EI 60 EI 90 EI 1 20 EI 180 EI 240 EI 240 EI 240
Weight, kg/m2 3) 16 19 22 24 28 31 34 39 47

External walls, Paroc Panel System Shadow panels

Panel property
Panel
type Nominal thickness, mm — 80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
Actual thickness, mm – 79 99 120 151 173 202 243
AST ® S Fire rating, max 2)
AST ® F – – – – – – EI 180/– EI 180/– EI 180/–
horizontal/vertical
AST ® E
4)
Fire rating, max 2) EI 120/- EI 120/-4)
AST ® L – – – – 5) 5) EI 120/– EI 120/– EI 120/–
horizontal/vertical EI 45/- EI 45/-

Ceilings
Panel property
Panel
type Nominal thickness, mm 50 80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
Actual thickness, mm 53 79 99 120 151 173 202 243
U-value, W/m2 1) 0.77 0.53 0.43 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.14
AST E ®
Fire rating, min 2) NPD NPD EI 60 EI 60 EI 120 EI 120 EI 120 EI 120 EI 120
Weight, kg/m2 3) 16 19 22 24 28 30 34 39 47

NPD = No performance determined (not tested), Weighted sound reduction index RW is 28…33 dB.
– = Not available Maximum panel length is 12 m but may be limited depending
U-values including surface resistance R si + Rse = 0.17 on panel thickness and type to ensure safe handling.
m2K/W and the influence of joints. See also section 1.6.
1) Note that Paroc Panel System panels AST-E, AST-F, Module width is 1200 mm and cover width 1196 mm.
AST-F+, AST-L, AST-S are classified in Euroclass Tolerances are as follows:
A2-s1,d0, Acoustic Panels are classified in • panel length ±5 mm
2)
B-s1,d0 and Paroc PRINT and ART in C-s1,d0.
• panel thickness ±1 mm
3) Panels with standard facings. • cover width ±2 mm
4) Fire from external side.
5) Fire from internal side.

7
1.6 ermal insulation

Paroc Panel System panel is a sandwich structure consisting

of a homogeneous insulating layer without thermal bridges. 2
K/W and the influence of joints.

2
K, is calculated in the U-value of the panel.

Table 3. U-values for PPS panels.

U-values, W/m 2 K
Panel type Panel thickness, mm
50 80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
AST ® L – 0.45 0.37 0.30 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.12
AST ® S – 0.48 0.38 0.32 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.13
AST ® F – 0.53 0.43 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.14
AST ® F+ – 0.53 0.43 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.14
AST ® E 0.77 0.53 0.43 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.14

Table 4. Influence of fixing screws ΔUf 2

(Ø 6.3 mm).

Δuf , w/m2 k
Material Panel thickness, mm
50 80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
Carbon steel 0.02 0.013 0.01 0.009 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.004
Stainless steel 0.007 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.0015 0.001 0.001

Figure 3. Linear thermal transmittance (Ψ-value) for some basic detail solutions.

Ψ = 0.12 W/m Ψ = 0.00 W/m Ψ = 0.02 W/m for a 100 mm panel

and 0.008 W/m for a 200 mm panel

8
1.7 Tightness
Panels intended for external walls are usually delivered with to be provided with sealant in both grooves of the joint (see
an on-line installed sealant in internal and external grooves. section 1.7.2).
Panels for high or vertically installed facades always have

1.7.1 Air tightness

Air tightness is an important factor influencing the energy • detail solutions at foundation and roof junctions
consumption, migration of moisture into the structures and dirt
• window and door details
penetration. Special attention should be paid to:
• the installations of panels
• panels used in very humid conditions.

Table 5. The air tightness of Paroc Panel System structures at pressure difference 50 Pa according to EN 14509.

Air tightness classification

Installation direction and sealing Classification, m 3/m 2 h
Horizontal installation, sealant in both grooves < 1.0
Horizontal installation, sealant only in internal groove < 1.5
Vertical installation, sealant in both grooves < 1.0 1)

For Shadow panels < 1.5

1)

These values are reached when the structures are designed and built according to PPS panel details.

1.7.2 Rain tightness

Rain tightness of Paroc Panel System structures is classified • in buildings with vertically installed panels, use sealant in
in accordance with standard EN 14509 as follows: both grooves of the joint
• horizontal installation, sealant only in internal groove of the • in high buildings and buildings with such forms that can
joint, structure rain tight up to 0.6 kN/m2 (Class B) locally cause high wind pressures, use sealant in both
• horizontal or vertical installation, sealant in both grooves of grooves of the joint
the joint, structure rain tight at least up to 1.2 kN/m2 (Class A). • detail solutions for windows, doors and other types of
penetrations are to be made with flashings and sealants
Based on the test results the following is recommended: in order to obtain rain tightness, see detail drawings www.
• in cases with wind loads up to 0.6 kN/m2 and horizontally paroc.com/panelsystem
installed panels, use sealant in inside groove of the joint; • the PAROC structural stone wool must be protected from
if the wind loads exceed this value, use sealant in both long-term water influence e.g. during installation phase.
grooves

9
2 Dimensioning

2.1 General

Paroc Panel System panels are dimensioned in accordance with Relevant load factors γf and combination coefficients Y for
EN 14509. The design values Ed of the effects of the actions shall loads Sk have to be taken into account in accordance with
be calculated and shall be compared with the design values national regulations. Value of the load factors 1.5 shall be used
of the corresponding resistance Rd taking into account the unless national regulatory requirements require other values.
In the ultimate limit state the design value of the resistance
appropriate material partial factors γm.
Rd in span curves and tables includes partial coefficients for
material as in the table 6.
Ultimate limit state
Ed ≤ Rd where
Ed = the effect of S γfi Yi Ski
Rd = Rk / γm

Table 6a. Material safety factors γm for panel types AST ®T, AST ®S, AST ®S+, AST ®F, AST ®F+ and AST ®E..

Material safety factors γm Ultimate limit state Serviceability limit state

Yielding of the face layer 1.10 1.00
Wrinkling of the face layer in the span and at
1.31 1.08
an intermediate support
Shear of the core 1.31 1.08
Compression of the core 1.31 1.08
Failure of a fastener 1.33 1.00

Table 6b. Material safety factors γm for panel types AST ®L.

Material safety factors γm Ultimate limit state Serviceability limit state

Yielding of the face layer 1.10 1.00
Wrinkling of the face layer in the span and at
1.21 1.08
an intermediate support
Shear of the core 1.21 1.08
Compression of the core 1.21 1.08
Failure of a fastener 1.33 1.00

Serviceability limit state • span/100 for walls with load and temperature gradient
wd ≤ w • span/150 for walls without temperature gradient
• span/200 for ceilings without temperature gradient.
Load combinations for wind and temperature in the
serviceability limit state are: The temperature gradient is 55 °C for single-span external
• wd = 1.0 x wwind walls and 0 °C for internal walls and ceilings. See also section
• wd = 0.75 x wwind + 0.6 x wtemp 2.5 Deflection. In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see
• wd = 0.75 x 0.6 x wwind+ 1.0 wtemp table 14). See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.

In the absence of any other information from national standards, The span curves are valid for carbon steel facings only. For
the following indicative deflection limits may be used: other facing materials, please contact Paroc Panel System.

10
2.1.1 Vertical loads on panel edges
Paroc Panel System panels do not transfer high vertical loads The vertical load is normally transferred to the bearing frame
e.g. from roof structures. Yet in some cases the panel edges are by penetrating screws. More detailed information on the
subjected to vertical loads caused by e.g. the panel above or capacity of fixing screws can be found in section 6.
a window. The maximum allowed load on the panel edges is
2.5 kN/m.

2.1.2 Support width

The required support width for PPS panels is determined by mm for walls and 40 mm for ceilings. In multi-span structures,
the span, the current load directed on the panel, the structure the minimum support width of the intermediate support is 60
tolerances and the most practical way to install the panels. mm. Note also the tolerances of the frame and the panels.
The recommended minimum practical support width is 50

Figure 4. Maximum allowed vertical load when the exposed panel edge is covered with U-profile.

m 2.5 kN/m
kN/
2.5

Figure 5. Definition of a support width.

Wall Ceiling

11
When support width L s is known the design value of the where

support resistance of panel FRd at the ultimate limit state can F = design support force, kN/m
d
be calculated as follows: FR = design value of the support resistance of panel, kN
at end support FR1, end = fCc x B x (Ls + 0.5 x k x e) / γM fCc = declared value of the compression strength of
at internal support FR2, int = fCc x B x (Ls + k x e) / γM the core, see table 7
Ls = support width (m)
When the design support force Fd is known the support width k = distribution parameter = 0.5
e = distance between centroids of the faces, m
L s can be calculated at the ultimate limit state as follows:
~ actual thickness of panel – 0.001 m, see table 2
at end support L s1,end = (γM x Fd1, end / fCc ) – (0.5 x k x e)
B = overall width of panel = 1.2 m
at internal support L s2,int = (γM x Fd2,int / fCc ) – (k x e)
γM = partial safety factor of stone wool for compression = 1.31

Table 7. Compression strength of AST ® panels.

Compression strength f Cc , kN/m 2

Panel type
AST ® L AST ® S AST ® F AST ® F+ AST ® E
42 60 90 90 110

12
2.2 External walls

2.2.1 Loads for external walls

External walls are dimensioned for wind loads determined by Sd = γd x (Cpe – Cpi) x qk
the customer. Load safety factors and pressure coefficients where
and partial coefficients for load have to be taken into account
Sd = design wind load
in accordance with national regulations as follows:
γd = partial coefficients for load
Cpe = exterior pressure coefficient
Cpi = interior pressure coefficient
qk = characteristic value of wind load
If allowed by national standards, the panels can be
dimensioned for the prevailing wind load at any given height
of a building.

Figure 6. Wind load as a function of building height.

Figure 7. Pressure coefficients.

Zone A
Zone A
Zone B
Zone B

Zone D Zone E
Zone E
Zone D
Zone B

Zone B Zone A

Zone A

2.2.2 Spans for single-span external walls

• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including material • Design value of the load Sd it to be determined according to
safety factors (not load safety factors). These curves are section 2.2.1.
calculated for uniformly distributed load in the ultimate limit • In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14).
state. • See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.

13
Figure 8a. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 50 mm.

Panel type AST ® L 50 mm

AST E 50m m 0,6 / 0, 5 Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m
6
5, 5
5
4, 5

lable
4
avai
3, 5
N ot
3
2, 5
2
1, 5
1
0, 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m

Panel type AST ® S 50 mm Panel type AST ® F 50 mm

AST E 50m m 0,6 / 0, 5 Span curve AST E 50m m 0,6 / 0, 5 Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m Resistance Rd , kN/m
6 6
5, 5 5, 5
5 5
4, 5 4, 5
4 4
lab le lable
avai avai
N ot N ot
3, 5 3, 5
3 3
2, 5 2, 5
2 2
1, 5 1, 5
1 1
0, 5 0, 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m Span, m

Panel type AST ® E 50 mm

AST E 50mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m
6
5,5
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
1 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m

Ls

• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t

Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
the ultimate limit state.
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
T1 T2

Ls

14
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8b. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 80 mm.
Figure 8b. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 80 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L 80 mm Panel type AST ® F 80 mm
AST L Panel
80mm type AST
0,6 / 0,5
®
LSpan
80 mm
curve Panel
AST TAST
80mm type AST
0,6 / 0,5
F 80mm ®
0,6 T/Span
80 mm
0,5 curvecurve
Span
Resistance Rd , kN/m 2 Resistance Rd , kN/m
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d , kN/m 2

6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 910 10
11 11
12 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

Panel
ASTPanel
S 80mm type
0,6
type AST
/AST
0,5
®
SSpan
® 80 mm
curve
S 80 mm Panel type
AST F 80mm AST
0,6 / 0,5
®
FSpan
80 mm
curve
Resistance R d , kN/m AST S 80mm
2 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5
5,55 5
4,55 4,5
4,54 4
3,54 3,5
3,53 3
2,53 2,5
2,52 2
1,52 1,5
1,51 1
0,51 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5
Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
Panel type
AST E 80mm AST
0,6 / 0,5
®
ESpan
80 mm
curve
Resistance R , kN/m
Panel type AST ® E 80 mm
2
d
6
AST E 80mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
56
t = 0.5 mm
4,5
5,5
Ls = 50 mm
45 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
3,5
4,5
34
2,5
3,5
23
1,5
2,5
12
0,5
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ls
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the also
See ultimate limit state. example in section 2.7.
a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
RdT
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
15

15
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8c. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 100 mm.
Figure 8c. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 100 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L 100 mm Panel type AST ® F and AST ® F+ 100 mm
AST L Panel
100mm type
0,6 ASTL 100
/®0,5 Spanmm
curve AST TAST F 100mm
100mm
Panel type 0,6
0,6 /AST
®0,5 / 0,5mm
Span
T 100 Span
curvecurve
Resistance Rd , kN/m 2 Resistance R , kN/m
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d , kN/m d 2
6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

Panel
AST
Panel typetype
S 100mm ®
SS and
ASTAST
®0,6
andAST
®
AST S+® curve
/ 0,5 Span 100100
S+ mmmm AST F 100mm
Panel F0,6
type AST
®
/ 0,5
and Span
AST
®
curve
F+ 100 mm
Resistance R d , kN/mAST
S 100mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve
2
Resistance R , kN/m 2
d
Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5
5,55 5
4,55 4,5
4,54 4
3,54 3,5
3,53 3
2,53 2,5
2,52 2
1,52 1,5
1,51 1
0,51 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5 Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
AST E 100mm 0,6 /AST
Panel type 0,5
®
Spanmm
E 100 curve
Resistance R , kN/m
Panel type AST ® E 100 mm
2
d
6
AST E 100mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
56
t = 0.5 mm
4,5 Ls = 50 mm
5,5
45 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
3,5
4,5
34
2,5
3,5
23
1,5
2,5
12
0,5
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ls
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the
See ultimate limit state. example in section 2.7.
also a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
Rd T
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
16

16
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8d. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 120 mm.
Figure 8d. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 120 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L 120 mm Panel type AST ®® F and AST ® F+ 120 mm
Panel type
AST L 120mm 0,6 /AST
®
L 120
0,5 Spanmm
curve AST TAST F 120mm
Panel
120mm type 0,6
0,6 /ASTT /120
0,5 0,5 mm
Span Span
curvecurve
Resistance Rd , kN/m 2 Resistance R , kN/m
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d , kN/m d 2
6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

Panel
AST type
S 120mm AST
®
SSand
®0,6 / 0,5AST S+® curve
Span
®
120 mmmm AST F 120mm
Panel ® 0,6 / 0,5 Span
type ASTF and AST ®
F+curve
120 mm
Panel type AST and AST S+ 120
Resistance R d , kN/mAST2S 120mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5
5
5,5 5
4,55 4,5
4
4,5 4
3,54 3,5
3
3,5 3
2,53 2,5
2
2,5 2
1,52 1,5
1
1,5 1
0,51 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, ®m
Panel type
AST E 120mm 0,6 /AST
0,5E Span
120 mm
curve
Resistance R , kN/m
Panel type AST ® E 120 mm
2
d
6
AST E 120mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
56
t = 0.5 mm
4,5 Ls = 50 mm
5,5
45 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
3,5
4,5
34
2,5
3,5
23
1,5
2,5
12
0,5
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ls
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the also
See ultimate limit state. example in section 2.7.
a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
RdT
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
17

17
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8e. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 150 mm.
Figure 8e. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 150 mm.
Panel type AST ® L 150 mm Panel type AST ® F 150 mm
AST L Panel
150mmtype
0,6 /AST
®0,5 Span curve
L 150 mm AST TAST F 150mm
150mm
Panel 0,6
®0,5 /Span
0,6 /AST
type 0,5 mm
T 150 Span
curvecurve
Resistance R , kN/m Resistance R , kN/m
Resistance R dd, kN/m 2 Resistance R d , kN/md 2
6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

Panel type
ASTPanel
S 150mm /AST
0,6AST S® 150
0,5 mm Panel type
0,6 / AST
F Span
150 mm
SSpan
150curve
®
AST F 150mm 0,5
®
curve
type mm
Resistance R d , kN/m
2 AST S 150mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5
5,55 5
4,55 4,5
4,54 4
3,54 3,5
3,53 3
2,53 2,5
2,52 2
1,52 1,5
1,51 1
0,51 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5
Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
Panel type
AST E 150mm 0,6 / AST
0,5E Span
®
150 mm
curve
Resistance R , kN/m Panel type AST ® E 150 mm
2
d
6
AST E 150mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
56
t = 0.5 mm
4,5 Ls = 50 mm
5,5
45 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
3,5
4,5
34
2,5
3,5
23
1,5
2,5
12
0,5
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ls
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the ultimate
See limit state. example in section 2.7.
also a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
Rd T
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
18

18
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8f. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 175 mm.
Figure 8f. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 175 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L 175 mm Panel type AST ® F 175 mm
AST L Panel
175mm type
0,6 /AST
®
L 175
0,5 Spanmm
curve Panel
AST AST
T 175mm type
0,6 /AST
F 175mm ®
0,6T/175
0,5 Span mm
curve
0,5 Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m 2 Resistance Rd , kN/m
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d , kN/m 2

6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 910 1011 1112 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

Panel
ASTPanel
S 175mm type
0,6AST
type S® Span
/ AST
0,5
®
175mmcurve
S 175mm Panel type
AST F 175mm 0,6 /AST
F 175
0,5
®
Spanmm
curve
Resistance R d , kN/mAST S
2 175mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5
5,55 5
4,55 4,5
4,54 4
3,54 3,5
3,53 3
2,53 2,5
2,52 2
1,52 1,5
1,51 1
0,51 0,5
0,5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
AST E 175mm 0,6 /AST
Panel type 0,5
®
E Span curve
175 mm
Resistance R , kN/m 2

6
d
Panel type AST ® E 175 mm
AST E 175mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
5 t = 0.5 mm
6
4,5
5,5
Ls = 50 mm
4
5 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
3,5
4,5
3
4
2,5
3,5
2
3
1,5
2,5
1
2
0,5
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ls
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the also
See ultimate limit state. example in section 2.7.
a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
RdT
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
19

19
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8g. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 200 mm.
Figure 8g. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 200 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L 200 mm Panel type AST ® F 200 mm
AST L Panel
200 mmtype
0,6AST L 200
/® 0,5 mm
Span curve AST TAST
200mm
Panel 0,6 AST
type
F 200mm /®0,6
0,5 /Span
T 200 curve
0,5 mm
Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m 2 Resistance R , kN/m
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d , kN/md 2
6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 910 11
10 12
11 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

Panel
ASTPanel
S 200mm type
type /AST
0,6AST S® S
0,5
®
200
Spanmm
200curve
mm AST F Panel
200mmtype ®
F 200
0,6 /AST
0,5 Spanmm
curve
Resistance R d , kN/mAST S
2 200mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5

5,55 5
4,55 4,5

4,54 4
3,54 3,5

3,53 3
2,53 2,5

2,52 2
1,52 1,5

1,51 1
0,51 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5 Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
Panel type
AST E 200mm 0,6 /AST
E Span
0,5
®
200 mm
curve
Resistance R , kN/m
Panel type AST ® E 200 mm
2
d
6
AST E 200mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
t = 0.5 mm
65
4,5 Ls = 50 mm
5,5
54 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
3,5
4,5
43
2,5
3,5
32
1,5
2,5
21
0,5
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
Ls
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the ultimate
See limit state. example in section 2.7.
also a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
Rd T
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
20

20
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8h. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 240 mm.
Figure 8h. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 240 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L 240 mm Panel type AST ® F 240 mm
AST L Panel
240 mmtype
0,6 AST L 240
/® 0,5 mm
Span curve AST F 240mm
AST T Panel
240mm type ® 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve
0,6 /AST
T 240
0,5 Span mm
curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m 2 Resistance Rd , kN/m
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d , kN/m 2
6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 32 43 54 65 76 87 98 109 1110 1211 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

AST S Panel
240mm type
0,6 /AST
®
S 240
0,5 mm
Span curve AST F Panel
240mmtype
0,6 /AST
®
F 240
0,5 mm
Span curve
Panel type AST ® S 240 mm
Resistance R d , kN/m
2 AST S 240mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5

5,55 5
4,55 4,5

4,54 4
3,54 3,5

3,53 3
2,53 2,5

2,52 2
1,52 1,5

1,51 1
0,51 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5 Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
Panel type
AST E 240mm 0,6 / AST
®
E Span
0,5 240 mm
curve
Resistance R , kN/m Panel type AST ® E 240 mm
2
d
6
AST E 240mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
56
t = 0.5 mm
4,5 Ls = 50 mm
5,5
45 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
3,5
4,5
34
2,5
3,5
23
1,5
2,5
12
0,5
1,5 Ls = 50 mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
Ls
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the also
See ultimate limit state. example in section 2.7.
a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
RdT
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
21

21
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 8i. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 300 mm.
Figure 8i. Spans for single-span external walls with temperature gradient, panel thickness 300 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L 300 mm Panel type® AST ® F 300 mm
AST L Panel
300 mmtype
0,6 AST L 300
/® 0,5 mm
Span curve Panel
AST AST
T 300mm type
0,6 /AST
F 300mm T/300
0,5
0,6 Span
0,5 mmcurve
Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m2 Resistance R , kN/m
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d , kN/md 2
6 6 6
5,5 5,5 5,5
5 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5
4 4 4
3,5 3,5 3,5
3 3 3
2,5 2,5 2,5
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 910 1011 1112 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m Span, m

Panel
ASTPanel
S 300mm type
0,6 /AST
®
S® S
0,5 300
Spanmm
curve Panel type
AST F 300mm 0,6 /AST
®
F 300
0,5 Spanmm
curve
type AST 300 mm
Resistance R d , kN/mAST2S 300mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6
5,56 5,5
5,55 5
4,55 4,5
4,54 4
3,54 3,5
3,53 3
2,53 2,5
2,52 2
1,52 1,5
1,51 1
0,51 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5 Span, m Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, ®m
AST E 300mm 0,6
Panel type /AST
0,5 Spanmm
E 300 curve
Resistance R , kN/m 2

6
d
Panel type AST ® E 300 mm
AST E 300mm 0,6 / 0,5 Span curve t = 0.6 mm
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
5 t = 0.5 mm
6
4,5 Ls = 50 mm
5,5
4 T2 - T1 = 55 °C
5
3,5
4,5
3
4
2,5
3,5
2
3
1,5
2,5
1
2
0,5
1,5 2 Ls = 50 mm
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m T2 - T1 = 55 °C
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ls
Span, m
• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t = steel sheet thickness
Ls = support width
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls
T2 - T1 = 55 °C
•
the ultimate limit state.
Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including t
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
Ls = support width
according to section 2.2.1.
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in T2 - T1 = 55 °C
• In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L
• the ultimate
See limit state. example in section 2.7.
also a dimensioning
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1
Rd T
2
according to section 2.2.1.
L
• See also a dimensioning example in section 2.7.
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
22

22
2.2.3 Spans for multi-span external walls
In multi-span structures the panels at intermediate supports the temperature gradient over the panel. Therefore the spans
are subject to both shear force and bending moment caused have been limited. Support widths and number of fixings have
by the load. In addition, there is a bending moment caused by to be dimensioned case by case.

Table 8. Spans for multi-span external walls, panel type AST ® S.

• pressure coefficient Cp 1.0 / -1.0

• external steel sheet 0.6 mm and internal steel sheet 0.5 mm
• intermediate support width ≥ 60 mm
• max deflection L/100
• colour group from table 10

2-span, m 3-span, m
Panel thickness, Colour
Wind load, kN/m 2
Wind load, kN/m 2
mm group
0.5 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.8 1.1
I 3.02 2.67 2.46 4.00 3.34 2.91
50 II 3.02 2.67 2.46 4.00 3.34 2.91
III 2.01 1.92 1.85 2.40 2.15 2.00
I 3.48 3.11 2.88 4.00 3.86 3.40
80 II 3.48 3.11 2.88 4.00 3.86 3.40
III 2.27 2.18 2.12 2.51 2.32 2.18
I 3.75 3.37 3.13 4.00 4.00 3.66
100 II 3.75 3.37 3.13 4.00 4.00 3.66
III 2.44 2.36 2.30 2.60 2.44 2.32
I 3.96 3.59 3.35 4.00 4.00 3.88
120 II 3.96 3.59 3.35 4.00 4.00 3.88
III 2.54 2.46 2.40 2.57 2.44 2.34
I 4.17 3.82 3.58 4.00 4.00 4.00
150 II 4.17 3.82 3.58 4.00 4.00 4.00
III 2.78 2.62 2.56 2.60 2.50 2.42
I 4.28 3.94 3.72 4.00 4.00 4.00
175 II 4.23 3.90 3.55 4.00 4.00 4.00
III 2.72 2.66 2.61 2.52 2.45 2.39
I 4.37 4.06 3.84 4.00 4.00 4.00
200 II 4.20 3.92 3.73 4.00 4.00 4.00
III 2.76 2.7 2.66 2.48 2.42 2.37
I 4.42 4.16 3.96 4.00 4.00 4.00
240 II 4.06 3.86 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.82
III 2.76 2.72 2.36 2.36 2.33 2.36
I 3.91 3.74 3.62 3.89 3.63 3.44
300 II 2.88 2.84 2.80 2.40 2.37 2.34
III 2.19 2.18 2.00 1.69 1.68 1.68

23
2.3 Internal walls

2.3.1 Loads for internal walls

Internal walls are dimensioned for loads determined by be at least 0.5 kN/m2 because internal walls are often subject
the customer. Load factors, pressure coefficients and to the highest load during the construction phase when the
partial coefficients for load have to be taken into account in panels are moved and handled on site.
accordance with national regulations. The design load Sd shall

2.3.2 Spans for single-span internal walls

• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including material • Design value of the load Sd it to be determined according to
safety factors (not load safety factors). These curves are section 2.3.1.
calculated for uniformly distributed load in the ultimate limit • In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14).
state.

24
 TECHNICAL GUIDE

Figure 9. Spans for single-span internal walls without temperature gradient, panel thickness 50 - 300 mm.
Figure 9. Spans for single-span internal walls without temperature gradient, panel thickness 50–300 mm.
Panel type AST ®
L
Panel
AST L 0,5 Span curve type AST
All thickness
®
L(temp. 0°) Panel type AST
®
T
AST T Inter n al wa ll 0,5 Span c urv e
Resistance Rd , kN/m 2
Resistance R d , kN/m Resistance R d
, kN/m 2

6 6
5,5 5,5
5 300 mm 5 mm 300 mm
300
240 mm 240 mm 240 mm
4,5 4,5
200 mm 200 mm 200 mm
4 175 mm 175 mm
1754 mm
150 mm 150 mm
3,5 120 mm 150 mm
3,5 120 mm
100 mm 120 mm 100 mm
3 80 mm 1003 mm 80 mm
80 mm
2,5 2,5
2 2
1,5 1,5
1 1
0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m Span, m
Span, m

AST SPanel type

Internal AST S and
wall0,5
®
SpanASTS+
curve
®
Panel type5 AST
®
Fcurve
and AST
®
F+
Panel type AST ® S and AST ® S+ Panel type AST ® F and AST ® F+
AST F Internal wall 0, Span

A S2 T
Resistance R d , kN/m S Internal w a ll 0,5 S p an curve Resistance R d , kN/m 2 AST F In te r n al wall 0, 5 Sp a n curve
Resistance
6 Rd , kN/m 6 Resistance R , kN/m
d

5,56 5,5 6
5 , 55 300 mm 5 5,5
240 mm 240 mm
4,55 200 mm 4,5 5 200 mm
175 mm 175 mm
4 , 54 4 4,5 150 mm
150 mm
120 mm 3,5 120 mm
3,54 4
100 mm 100 mm
3 80 mm
3 , 53 80 mm 3,5
2,53 2,5 3
2 , 52 2 2,5
1,52 1,5 2
1 , 51 1 1,5
0,51 0,5 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0,5 Span, m 0,5 Span, m
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Span, m Span, m
AST E Internal wall
Panel 0,5 Span
type AST
®
E curve
Resistance R , kN/m
Panel type AST ® E
2
d
6
AST E Internal wall 0,5 Span curve
5,5
Resistance Rd , kN/m
5 300 mm
6
240 mm
4,5
5,5 200 mm

This page will be

4 175 mm
5 150 mm
3,5 120 mm
4,5

different in German
100 mm
3 80 mm
4
2,5 50 mm
3,5
3
1,5
2,5
2
version
1
2
0,5
1,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Span, m
0,5 Ls
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span,
• Rd is panel’s design value of them resistance including T2 – T1 = 0 °C
Thickness of the perforated steel sheet
curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in Ls t = 0.5 mm
• Rthe isultimate limit state.
panel’s design value of the resistance including Support widthsL= 50 mm
d
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd T2 – T1 = 0 °C
according to section 2.3.1.
• curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in
In fire-rated walls spans can be limited (see table 14). L t = 0.5 mm
the ultimate limit state.
Support width Ls = 50 mm
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined T1 Rd T2
according to section 2.3.1.
L
Ls
T1 T2

Ls
25

25
Figure 10. Spans for Paroc Panel System acoustic panels in single-span internal walls without temperature gradient.

Panel type AST ® S 80 - 300 mm

AST S Acoustic Internal wall 0,6 Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m
6
5,5
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m

Panel type AST ® F 80 - 300 mm Panel type AST ® E 100 - 300 mm

AST F Acoustic Internal wall 0,6 Span curve AST E Acoustic Internal wall 0,6 Span curve
Resistance Rd , kN/m Resistance Rd , kN/m
6 6
5,5 5,5
5 5
4,5 4,5
4 4
3,5 3,5
3 3
2,5 2,5
2 2
1,5 1,5
1 1
0,5 0,5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Span, m Span, m

Ls

• Rd is panel’s design value of the resistance including T2 - T1 = 0 °C

curves are calculated for uniformly distributed load in

t = 0.6 mm
the ultimate limit state. Support width Ls = 50 mm
• Design value of the load Sd it to be determined Rd
according to section 2.3.1.
• Acoustic panels (perforated) are not covered by EN14509. L

T1 T2

Ls

26
2.4 Ceilings

2.4.1 Loads for ceilings

Ceilings are divided in two types, non-walk-on ceilings and
walk-on ceilings: Paroc Panel System panels are not intended to be used as
• Non-walk-on ceilings are dimensioned only for the panel permanent working surfaces, nor are they intended to be
dead weight and possible loads from suspensions in used as support for machines, ducts etc. Such devices are
the panels. No walking is allowed on these ceilings after to be suspended from a separate load-bearing structure. If
installation nor to use the ceiling as support for equipment, the walk-on ceiling has to be protected (see section 2.4.3),
ducts etc. the weight of the protection has to be taken into account in
dimensioning.
• Walk-on ceilings can be dimensioned for the panel dead
weight, point load 1,2 kN for foot traffic and uniformly
distributed service load of 25 kg/m2 if no other load
information is available.

2.4.2 Spans for single-span ceilings

Panel type AST® E is always used in ceilings.

Table 9. Spans for PPS panel type AST ® E in walk-on and non-walk-on ceilings. These values are even valid for AST ® acoustic
panels when the perforated surface is downwards.

• loads according to section 2.4.1

• upper steel sheet 0.6 mm and lower steel sheet 0.5 mm
• support width ≥ 40 mm
• temperature gradient over the panel 0 °C
• max deflection L/200

Maximum span, m
Ceiling type Panel thickness, mm
50 80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
Walk-on 3.7 5.1 6.1 7.0 8.1 8.9 9.8 10.6 10.9
Non-walk-on 4.4 6.1 7.3 8.3 9.6 10.5 11.4 12.0 12.0

2.4.3 Protection of walk-on ceilings

Normal, temporary foot traffic does not damage the panels. 10 - 20 mm thick rigid mineral wool. For other walkways and
Where heavy foot traffic occurs, such as ascending spots, installation places a 15 mm thick plywood board protection
doorways and equipment installation locations, the panels is enough. Loads from permanent walkways on Paroc Panel
should be protected using load-distributing boards on top of System ceilings should be transferred to the bearing frame.

27
Figure 11. Protection of ceilings.

Place for
service job

B
A

Heavy loads, such as blowers etc. applied during installation, Cut-outs in the ceiling weaken the panel strength. Foot traffic
have to be checked. The panels should always be protected close to cut-outs should be avoided.
during the installation phase using load-distributing plywood
boards. Such protection should also be used for stepladders
etc. point loads.

2.5 Deflection
The panels deflect due to imposed loads, e.g. in the form of • Interior face
wind pressure and wind suction, and due to temperature +20 °C in winter
gradient over the panel. It is important to take the deflection +25 °C in summer
into account in the design of details.
• Exterior face
Thermal deflection is defined as a bending deformation due to
the lowest value in winter
the temperature gradient over the panel thickness. The panel
-20 °C in Central Europe
deflects towards the warmer face.
-30 °C in Northern Europe
The following face temperature values can be used if no other
the highest value in summer depends on the surface colour
values are known:
and reflecting capacity, see table 10.

Table 10. Colour groups, absorption coefficients and temperatures for the exterior surfaces in summer.

Colour Absorption Temperature of

Colours
group coefficient external surface
I 0020, 0106, 1015, 9002 10–25 % +55 °C

II 0021, 0024, 0034, 9006 25–60 % +65 °C

III 0029, 0035, 6011, 7024, 09007, stainless steel 60–92 % +80 °C

28
Table 11. Deflection due to temperature gradient over the panel. For other temperature gradients the deflections can be calculated
by multiplying the values from the table in proportion to the temperature gradient.

Deflection, mm
Span, m ΔT, °C Panel thickness, mm
80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
40 7 6 5 4 3 3 2 2
3.0
55 9 8 6 5 4 4 3 2
40 15 12 10 8 7 6 5 4
4.5
55 21 17 14 11 10 8 7 6
40 27 22 18 14 13 11 9 7
6.0
55 38 30 25 20 17 15 12 10
40 42 34 28 22 20 17 14 11
7.5
55 59 47 39 31 27 23 19 15
40 61 49 40 32 28 24 20 16
9.0
55 85 68 57 44 39 33 28 22

Table 12. Deflection due to a uniform load.

Deflection, mm
Load,
Span, m Panel thickness, mm
kN/m 2
80 100 120 150 175 200 240 300
0.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0.3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0
3.0
0.6 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1
1.0 7 5 4 3 2 2 2 1
0.1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0
0.3 7 5 4 3 2 2 1 1
4.5
0.6 15 10 8 5 4 3 3 2
1.0 – 17 13 9 7 6 4 3
0.1 7 5 3 2 2 1 1 1
0.3 20 14 10 7 5 4 3 2
6.0
0.6 38 25 20 13 11 8 6 4
1.0 – – 33 22 18 14 10 7
0.1 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1
0.3 46 30 21 14 11 9 6 4
7.5
0.6 – – 43 28 22 17 13 9
1.0 – – – 47 37 29 21 15
0.1 30 20 14 9 7 5 4 3
0.3 – 57 42 27 21 16 12 8
9.0
0.6 – – – 55 43 32 23 16
1.0 – – – – 71 54 39 26

Normally the deflection due to load in the serviceability limit which in most standards is a wind load occurring about once in
state is of interest. This means the wind load occurring a couple 50 years.
of times annually and not the load dimensioning the panel,

Table 13. Wind load as a function of wind speed.

Wind speed and wind load

Type
Speed, m/s Load, kN/m 2
Light 3–5 0.01
Fresh breeze 8–11 0.05
Moderate gale 14–17 0.15
Storm 24–28 0.42
Hurricane 33 0.70

29
Figure 12. Detail solutions taking deflection into account.

2.6 Openings and cut-outs

When dimensioning Paroc Panel System panels, it is to be frame. In case of large openings the structures can be made of
taken into account that openings and cut-outs for doors, steel profiles transferring the load to the building main frame.
windows, pipe penetrations etc. weaken the panel strength.
Panels with cut-outs are to be dimensioned to take the loads Cut-outs for pipe penetrations etc. are normally small and do
they are subject to irrespective of the openings. If this is not not reduce the strength of Paroc Panel System panels so much
possible, loads directed on the panels are to be transferred to that special measures are needed. If required, panels with
adjacent panels or using auxiliary structures to the building higher strength class can be used at openings.

Figure 13. Maximum load for panels with cut-outs q. Allowed load capacity for the whole panel qall can be taken from the
dimensioning curves at the actual span and with largest support width.

b
b
a

q/qall ≤ (b-a)/b

If the degree of cut-out exceeds the ratio q/qall , the load is bearing frame by auxiliary structures. See also dimensioning
either to be transferred to adjacent panels in accordance with example in the following section.
figure 14 or, if this is not possible, to be directed on the load-

30
Figure 14. Load distribution factors.

2.7 Dimensioning example

External wall, horizontal installation

Frame Span L = 7.2 m

Panel type AST® S
Panel thickness 200 mm
Facings outside 0.6 mm, dark colour (colour group III, see table 10)
inside 0.5 or 0.6 mm

Wind load qk = 0.7 kN/m2, characteristic value

Load safety factor γd = 1.5
Pressure coefficients cp = 0.7 (exterior pressure) + 0.3 (interior suction) = 1.0 (zone D)
cp = -0.8 (exterior suction) + 0.2 (interior pressure) = -1.0 (zone B)
cp = -1.2 (exterior suction) + 0.2 (interior pressure) = -1.4 (zone A)

Design wind pressure Wd,D = 1.5 x (1.0 x 0.7) kN/m2 = 1.05 kN/m2 (zone D)
Design wind suction Wd,B = 1.5 x (-1.0 x 0.7) kN/m2 = -1.05 kN/m2 (zone B)
Wd,A = 1.5 x (-1.4 x 0.7 kN/m2 = -1.47 kN/m2 (zone A)

The design value of resistance for the panel in question is obtained from the span curve in figure 8g.

In case of wind pressure (zone D) the resistance is determined by the panel external steel sheet,
thickness 0.6 mm: Rd,0.6 = 1.5 kN/m2 > Wd,D = 1.05 kN/m2

In case of wind suction (zone B) the internal steel sheet is dimensioning, thickness 0.5 mm:
Rd,0.5 = 1.25 kN/m2 > Wd,B = |-1.05| kN/m2

In case of wind suction at corner (zone A) the internal steel sheet is dimensioning, thickness 0.6 mm
is needed: Rd,0.5 = 1.5 kN/m2 > Wd,A = |-1.47| kN/m2

Thus the panels fulfil the requirement.

31
An opening
Assume that a window is installed in the panel. The window is 1200 mm high, i.e. equal to panel width.
In accordance with figure 14, the load distribution factor is 1.35 to adjacent panels and 1.15 to the next ones.

Load on adjacent panels when the load distribution factor is 1.35:

Design wind pressure Wd,D = 1.35 x 1.5 x (1.0 x 0.7) kN/m2 = 1.42 kN/m2 (zone D)
Design wind suction Wd,B = 1.35 x 1.5 x (-1.0 x 0.7) kN/m2 = |-1.42| kN/m2 (zone B)

The adjacent panels can thus take the load from the cut-out when the internal steel sheet thickness is 0.6 mm
and Rd,0.6 = 1.5 kN/m2 for the both steel sheets.

Load on the next panels when the load distribution factor is 1.15:
Design wind pressure Wd,D = 1.15 x 1.5 x (1.0 x 0.7) kN/m2 = 1.21 kN/m2 (zone D)
Design wind suction Wd,B = 1.15 x 1.5 x (-1.0 x 0.7) kN/m2 = |-1.21| kN/m2 (zone B)

The next panels can thus take the load from the cut-out when the internal steel sheet thickness is 0.5 mm
and Rd,0.5 = 1.25 kN/m2.

Support widths
The design value of resistance for the panel minimum support width of 50 mm in question is obtained from the same span curve in
figure 8g.

In case of wind pressure (zone D) the resistance is determined by the panel minimum support width:
Rd,support = 1.28 kN/m2 > Wd,D = 1.05 kN/m2

In case of wind pressure on adjacent panels of the window when the load distribution factor is 1.35:
Design wind pressure Wd,D = 1.35 x 1.5 x (1.0 x 0.7) = 1.42 kN/m2 (zone D) is higher than Rd,support of 50 mm.
The required support width is determined as follows (see also section 2.1.2 Support width):
Ls = ((1.31 x 0.5 x 7.2 m x 1.42 kN/m2)/60 kN/m2) – 0.5 x 0.201 m/2 = 0.061 m
≥ 61 mm

Fastening with penetrating panel fixings

For determining the required number of fixing screws see section 6.2.1. Allowed load for penetrating panel fastener with washer ø 19
mm is Fall = 1.0 kN (see table 18).

The number of fixing screws/panel end is calculated as follows:

In case of wind suction (zone B)
N = 0.5 x 7.2 m x 1.2 m x (-1.0 x 0.7 kN/m2)/1.0 kN
= 3.0, which means 3 fasteners/panel end
In case of wind suction (zone A)
N = 0.5 x 7.2 m x 1.2 m x (-1.4 x 0.7 kN/m2)/1.0 kN
= 4.2, which means 5 fasteners/panel end
In case of wind pressure load on adjacent panels of the window when the load distribution factor is 1.35 (or if 1.5):
N = 0.5 x 7.2 m x 1.2 m x 1.35 x (-1.0 x 0.7 kN/m2)/1.0 kN
= 4.1 (or 4.5), which means 5 fasteners/panel end
In case of wind pressure load on the next panel of the window when the load distribution factor is 1.15:
N = 0.5 x 7.2 m x 1.2 m x 1.15 x (-1.0 x 0.7 kN/m2)/1.0 kN
= 3.5, which means 4 fasteners/panel end

32
Deflection

The deflection for the panel in question is obtained from the tables 11 and 12.
The deflection due to a uniform wind load is approximately 17 mm when wind suction (zone B) is
wk = (-0.8 - 0.2) x 0.7 kN/m2 = - 0.7 kN/m2.

The deflection due to temperature gradient over the panel with dark colour is approximately 22 mm when temperature gradient
is (+80 °C – 25 °C) = +55 °C in summer.

Load combinations:
w1 = 1.0 x 0.75 x 100 % x 17 mm + 1.0 x 60 % x 22 mm = 26 mm which means L/277.
w2 = 1.0 x 0.75 x 60 % x 17 mm + 1.0 x 100 % x 22 mm = 30 mm which means L/240.
w3 = 1.0 x 100 % x 17 mm = 17 mm which means L/424.

The deflection due to other load combinations is calculated correspondingly.

It is important to take the deflection into account in the design of details.

33
3 Fire safe solutions
3.1 General
Paroc Panel System panels are non-combustible, Euroclass C-s1,d0). Fire resistance for Paroc Panel System structures
A2-s1,d0 in accordance with the standard EN 13501-1 (Paroc has been classified according to the standards EN 13501-2,
Panel System Print and Art panels are classified in Euroclass EN 15254-5 and EN 15254-7.

Figure 15. The behaviour of PPS panels in fire.

Before fire the floor will carry Panel bows towards fire; the Most of the flexural strength The cold side of the
the dead load of the panel. floor will still carry the dead of the panel is lost when the panel bows outwards
load of the panel. bond between exposed face away from fire when
and core fails. temperature rises
Panel dead load is then and the external
carried by suspension cleats. steel sheet expands.
Panel dead load
suspended by cleats.

34
3.2 Fire-rated walls
Fire-rated walls are non-loadbearing which means that it is on span widths. Contact Paroc Panel System or visit www.
not allowed to transfer loads from e.g. roof structures down parocpanels.com. For panels with facings of stainless steel or
onto a PPS wall. Fire classifications are subject to restrictions galvanized steel, and acoustic panels, own rules apply.

Table 14. Maximum spans for fire-rated walls, valid for panels with facing of coated steel sheet.

Panel Maximum spans for fire-rated walls, m

Panel type thickness, Horisontal / Vertical acc. EN15254-5:2018
mm EI 15 EI 30 EI 45 EI 60 EI 90 EI 120 EI 180 EI 240
150 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 6/7,5(9*) -/4
175 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 6/7,5(9*) -/4
AST L ®
200 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 6/7,5(9*) -/4
240-300 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 7,5/7,5(10*) 6/7,5(9*) -/4
80 4/7,5 -/7,5 -/4
100 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 6/4
120 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/4 6/- 4/-
AST ® S 150 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/6 4/-
175 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 4/4
200 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(8*)/7,5 4/7,5 -/4
240-300 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(10*)/7,5 7,5(8*)/7,5 4/7,5 -/4
80 -/7,5 -/7,5 -/7,5 -/7,5 -/4
100 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 6/7,5 -/7,5 -/7,5 -/3
120 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 4/-
AST ® F
150 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/4 7,5/-
175 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/6 7,5/4
200 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/4
240-300 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/4
100 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 4/6
AST F+ ®
120 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 4/6
80 4/7,5 -/7,5 -/4
100 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 6/4
120 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/4 6/- 4/-
AST ® E
150 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/6 4/-
175 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 4/4
200 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 4/7,5 -/4
240-300 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 7,5/7,5 4/7,5 -/4
AST ® S, F,E 200 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 4/-
Shadow/Delign 240-300 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 4/-
150 (fire ext. side) 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/-
AST ® L
Shadow/Delign 150 (fire ext. side) 7,5/- 7,5/- 6/-
200-300 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/-
AST ® F Impact EI-M 200 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 7,5/- 6/-

* Special details, please contact Paroc Panel System

Span lengths according to EN 15254-5:2018 for walls.

All panels shall be dimensioned for normal loads which can
decrease the spans given in table. Practical possibilities for
panel handling and transportation may also reduce the panel
length.

3.2.1 EI-M classified fire wall

EI-M classified fire wall has been tested according to

EI-M 120 are available, both as single wall or double wall

construction. For more information, please contact Paroc
Panel System.

35
3.3 Fire-rated ceilings
Non-loadbearing Paroc Panel System ceilings have fire-rating
up to E I20 against fire from below. In fire-rated ceilings
the panel joints on top are connected together with screws

Table 15. Maximum spans for fire-rated ceilings, valid for panels with facing of coated steel sheet.

Panel Panel Maximum spans for fire-rated ceilings, m

type thickness, mm EI 15 EI 30 EI 45 EI 60 EI 90 EI 120
100 8.0 7.6 6.2 5.6
AST ® E
120 8.0 8.0 6.7 5.8
ceiling
150-300 8.0 8.0 7.6/8.0* 6.4/8.0* 5.2/8.0* 8.0*
* Special details
1)
Span lengths according to EN 15254-7:2018 for ceilings.

3.4 Fire safe detail solutions

When designing fire-rated structures, it is of utmost the joint which is sufficiently tight against hot fuel gases. For
importance to execute the detail solutions so that the whole flashings and profiles in structures subject to fire, only steel
structure meets the requirements on stability, insulation and fasteners can be used. In fire-partitioning structures panel
integrity. Panels for fire-rated structures need no sealant in fixings have to be protected with stone wool.

Figure 16. Some essential detail solutions. For further information see PPS principle details on www.parocpanels.com or please
contact Paroc Panel System.

Joint vertically installed fire-resisting wall – ceiling.

9
2
3

4 5
6 1 PPS panel
2 Flexible L-profile if wall
1 height > 3.5 m
or
3 L-profile if wall height ≤
3,5 m
4 Stone wool
5 Fastener
6 Screw
1
7 Flashing
8 L-profile, t = 1.5 mm
9 Fire protection according
6 to table 15
7
5
4 4
5

36
Panel joint in horizontal installation.

7
5

6 1 PPS panel

3
2 Screw
3 Fire protection according to table 15
1
4 Flashing
5 Stone wool
6 Panel fixing

4
7 Fire protection of the frame stated by
customer
2

Fire-protected fastening of ceiling panels.

3 7
1 Top hat profile

6
2 PPS panel
3 Screw
4 Fire protection 30 mm
5 Flashing
6 Stone wool
3 7 Steel sheet stripe
1
4
2 5

Penetrations in fire-rated structures.

1
3 1 PPS panel
5 2 Expanding fire protection sealing
2
compound 1)
4
3 Stone wool
4 Flashing
6
5 Fixing
6 Duct

1)
According to supplier´s guidelines

37
4 Acoustic solutions
4.1 Sound insulation

In acoustic applications both perforated and non-perforated

Paroc Panel System panels can be used.

Figure 17. Sound reduction index for PPS panel (panel type AST ® S 100 mm, 240 mm and panel type AST ® F 150 mm) as well as
AST ®Acoustic panel (panel type AST ® S 100 mm).

Sound reduction index, dB

60
60

55
55 AST® S acoustic panel 100 mm, Rw = 33 dB
AST® S panel 150 mm, Rw = 30 dB
50
50 AST® S panel 240 mm, Rw = 29 dB
AST® F panel 150 mm, Rw = 32 dB
45
45

40
40

35
35 50mm AST S
150mm AST S
30
30 240mm AST S

25 100mm Perf AST S

25

20
20

15
15

10
10
63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k
63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k
Frequency, Hz

Table 17. Weighted sound reduction of PPS panels at various noise spectra, panel type AST® S.

Panel thickness, mm
Sound reduction, dB
80 100 120 150 200 240 300
RW 30 30 30 30 29 29 29
RW +C 27 27 27 27 28 28 28
RW +C tr 25 25 25 25 26 26 26

Rw + C can be used e.g. for Rw + Ctr can be used e.g. for

• train noise at high and medium speeds • street traffic noise
• road traffic over 80 km/h • train noise at low speeds
• jet noise, short distances • jet noise, long distances
• industry noise (medium and high frequency) • industry noise (low and medium frequency)

38
Table 18. Weighted sound reduction of PPS panels with additional structures at various noise spectra, panel type AST ® F.

Sound reduction, dB
Structure
RW +C C tr

AST ® F 150 mm, 0.6/0.6 32 30 29

AST ® F 150 mm, 0.6/0.6

49 47 43
+ AST ® E 50 Acoustic

AST ® F 150 mm, 0.6/0.6

+ 70 mm z-profile 1.5 54 51 45
+ AST ® 50 Acoustic

AST ® F 150 mm, 0.6/0.6

+ Stone wool 95
53 49 42
+ Z-profile 0.5
+ Corrugated steel 0.6

4.2 Sound absorption

In standard execution Paroc Panel System panels have Paroc Panel System acoustic panel has a perforated facing
a steel sheet facing. Thus the sound absorption is in principle on one surface which improves the panel’s sound absorption
like a reflecting surface (similar as in a conventional sheet properties. It can be used in normal dry internal climatic
metal wall). conditions.

Figure 18. Practical sound absorption coefficient αp for various PPS structures.

Practical sound absorption coefficient αp

1 1

0.9
0,9

0.8
0,8

0.7
0,7

0.6
0,6
PAROC panel 100mm
0.5
0,5 AST ® panel 100 mm PAROC acoustic panel 100mm

0.4
0,4 AST ® acoustic panel 100 mm PAROC panel 100mm + acoustic stone wo
AST ® panel 100 mm + acoustic stone
0.3
0,3 wool slab 50 mm, min. coverage 80 %

0.2
0,2

0.1
0,1

0 0
0
0 125
125 250
250 500
500 1k
1k 2k
2k 4k
4k
Frequency, Hz

39
5 Hygiene solutions

5.1 General
In food industry demands on hygienic conditions are high. Paroc Panel System panel surfaces are smooth and panel
Special attention must be paid to material properties, joints joints are water and airtight. The smooth surfaces as well as
between structures, detail solutions as well as cleaning and water and air tight hygienic joints of AST® panels without dirt
maintenance. The tightness of panel structures and sealants traps make the wall and ceiling structures easy to keep clean.
creates a basis for hygienic walls and ceilings. For washable walls it is recommended to use sealants both
in the tongue and groove joint of panels and on the surface
of the joints. Both sealants are applied on site. The sealant is
to be chosen according to actual requirements and supplier’s
guidelines.

5.2 AST ® panels in hygiene solutions

The panel surface coatings can be chosen according to Tests made by the independent research institute Eurofins
requirements as follows: Expert Services Oy (previously known as VTT) regarding the
• polyester is used in dry conditions, it does not release any microbiological growth in Paroc Panel System panel core, show
particles that Paroc Panel System panels are safe to be used in food
industry applications and there is no risk for contamination of
• FoodSafe is used when surfaces need to be washed often
AST® panel structures:
but have a limited wet time; under normal conditions it
neither releases any poisonous substances nor does it • the bacteria cells such as Salmonella or Listeria do not
function as a substratum for micro-organisms grow or spread in panel core and disappear very soon

• stainless steel is used as facings in most demanding • spores such as mould (Aspergillus) do not grow or spread
circumstances. and disappear slower than bacteria cells
• panel core in hard conditions does not support the survival
Paroc Panel System panel core is water repellent and does not of microbes.
absorb water and withstands moisture variations very well.
If core wool surfaces at panel edges or cut-outs are exposed IARC, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, has
for a longer period during construction, a special hygiene classified mineral wool, like stone wool used in PPS panels, to
control coating can be applied for additional protection Group 3 “Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans”.
against mould, fungi, yeasts and bacteria. Normally there will be no release of fibres from panels if the
design instructions and jointing details are followed.

40
5.3 Hygiene in use
When designing hygienic applications special attention shall Paroc Panel System recommends the following actions to
be paid to: be taken to avoid all risks of contamination especially in wet
• durability of structures and surfaces such as resistance circumstances:
against wearing and tearing • smallish holes/damage shall be immediately repaired to
• easiness of cleaning such as washability keep bacteria and moisture outside the panels

• easiness of maintenance such as repairing or painting in • larger holes/damage shall be repaired by closing the hole/
case of damage. damaged area temporarily with steel sheet or equal; to
avoid all risks the damaged panel(s) are recommended to
be changed within 30 to 45 days after the damage
• when fixing anything on the panels the fixing holes shall be
sealed with compound suitable for the environment.

More information can be found in the brochure Use and

Maintenance Guide.

41
6 Fastenings

6.1 Panel fixings

The panel fixings are to be selected taking into account the often is difficult to determine, the use of stainless steel panel
loads and the aggressiveness of the surrounding environment fixings is recommended.
both indoors and outdoors. Externally visible as well as in The profiles used for fixing the panels or as support are usually
aggressive environments and in high air humidity panel fixings made of 1 - 4 mm thick galvanized steel and they are to be
are always to be of stainless steel. As the environment class dimensioned by the designer.

6.2 Fastening of wall panels

AST® panels can be installed horizontally, vertically or one of the surface sheets. When dimensioning the fastening
diagonally. The panels are usually fastened using either of multi-span panels, please contact Paroc Panel System for
penetrating panel fixings or by pressing the panels between advice.
profiles. It is important that the panels are not fixed in only

6.2.1 Fastening with penetrating panel fixings

This method is used both for external and internal walls alternatives for various frame materials.
with horizontal or vertical installation. There are panel fixing

Figure 19. Fastening of Paroc Panel System panels using penetrating panel fixings.

1 4

5
1 Vapour sealant
2 PPS panel
2 3 Panel fixing
4 Stone wool
5 Sealant
6 6 Flashing
7 Flashing screw

The number of panel fixings depends on the load (suction) and The minimum number of fixings is 2 screws per panel end at a
on the panel length/span, panel weight and possible loads minimum distance of 20 mm from the panel end. The number
from windows etc. Form factors – especially in edge zones – of fixing screws/panel end is calculated using the following
are also to be taken into account. formula:

N = 0.5 x L x b x Cp x qw / Fall

where:

N = number of screws/panel end

L = panel length, m
b = panel width, m
Cp = pressure coefficient for suction load (external suction + pressure inside, see figure 7)
qw = characteristic wind load kN/m2
Fall = allowed load for the panel fixings in accordance with table 18.

42
is calculated using the following formula:

Fd ≤ n x NR,d
γf x Fk ≤ n x NR,k / γm
Fk ≤ n x NR,k (γm x γf ) = n x Ft,all

where:

Fd = influence/panel end, design value (includes partial coefficient)

n = number of screws/panel end
NR,d = tensile strength of a fastener, design value (includes partial coefficient)
NR,k = characteristic tensile strength of a fastener
Fk = characteristic load/panel end
γf = partial coefficient for load = 1.5
γm = partial coefficient for material = 1.33
Fall = allowed load/fastener (taken into account partial coefficient)

Table 19. Allowed loads for penetrating panel fasteners. Local deviations may occur in some countries.

Allowed load Fall , kN

Tensile Shear
Panel fasteners
AST® S
Ø 5.5/6.3 mm All panel types
AST® F, AST® F+, AST® E
NR,k NR,d Ft,all VR,k VR,d Fv,all
With washer Ø 19 mm 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
With washer Ø 29 mm 2.15 1.62 1.10 2.00 1.50 1.00
With countersink washer Ø 40 mm 2.15 1.62 1.10 2.00 1.50 1.00

and shear values (given by the screw supplier) for fasteners

when fixed to the underlying structure do not go below these.

43
6.2.2 Fastening using profiles
In vertical installations, the panels can be fastened using telescopic connection against the ceiling is normally required
profiles. This is mostly applied for internal walls where a (see figure 12).

Table 20. Thickness of L-profiles, values are valid for allowed pressure load ≤ 0.3 kN/m2.

Thickness of L-profiles, mm
Height of the wall, m Deflection of structure, mm
25 50 75 100
3.5 1.25 1.5 2.0 2.0
4 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5
5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5
6 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0
7 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0
8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
9 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
10 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5

6.3 Fastening of ceiling panels

Ceiling panels are installed with top hat profiles which are least 1000 mm long top hat profiles.
fastened to the support system. It is recommended to use at

Figure 20. Fastening of PPS panels with top hat profiles.

3 7 1 Top hat profile

2 PPS panel
6
3 Screw
4 Fire protection 30 mm
5 Flashing
6 Stone wool
7 Steel sheet stripe
3
1
4
2 5

44
Allowed load for Panels System’s standard top hat profile KL12 in case of fire. The connecting steel sheets are fastened
is 3.8 kN/side for panel type AST® E. The panels always are to with screws to the panel faces. The fastenings have to be
be fixed to each other in order to obtain a catenary force dimensioned for the catenary force
Fcat = qtot x L.

Figure 21. Catenary force Fcat.

Table 21. Allowed shear loads for screws in case of fire.

Screw Allowed shear load FkN , kN

Ø 5.5 ... 6.3 mm 1.3
Ø 4.2 ... 4.8 mm 1.0

6.4 Fastening of panels in fire-rated structures

Fastening of panels in fire-rated structures is dimensioned Fire protection of fastening systems is shown in section 3.2.
according to this section.

6.5 Fixing of flashings

Flashings are fastened using stainless fixing screws or pop
rivets according to the following instructions:
• flashings are fixed with screws or rivets c/c 300 mm • for external use, flashings with flanges have to be used
• avoid fixing screws in the flashing joints in order to make • for internal use, flashings with slightly folded edges can
the joints more mobile a mobile flashing joint is needed also be used
at every 12th flashing metre when the flashings are made • in horizontal panel installation flashing joints and panel
of steel, and every 6th flashing metre when aluminium joints should be coincident, if possible.
flashings are used

45
6.6 Suspensions

6.6.1 Forces
In general, loads are caused by the structure’s own weight,
wind pressure and wind suction. Variable loads may also be is 60 kg/m2
caused by snow or ice accumulated in the structures. distance between profiles is 600 mm when installed in the
In addition, any thermal movements caused by temperature length direction of the panel and 1200 mm when installed
and moisture variations in the structures and their impact across the panel.
on fastenings have to be considered. If the suspension causes
a dynamic load, penetrating fixing screws have to be used. Suspensions may cause shear forces F in the panel surface
v
Also remember to dimension panel fixing screws and/or tensile force Ft or pressure force Fp perpendicular
for suspended loads. to the panel surface.

Figure 22. Loads caused by suspension.

Shear force Fv
Tensile force Ft
Pressure force Fp

6.6.2 Allowed loads

A precondition for suspensions is that the panel facings do It is important to use rivets and screws for the suspensions that

it is required that the adhesive bonding has a characteristic below presents allowed loads for Bulb-tite and Peel rivets as
strength exceeding 100 kPa. All Paroc Panel System panel well as for overlapping steel sheet screws intended for fixing
types have characteristic values of adhesive bonding strength steel sheets.
exceeding this limit.

46
Table 22. Allowed loads for surface fixing screws, when the minimum distance between screws is 120 mm. The values are valid for all
panel types and for steel sheet thickness 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 mm.

Allowed load, N
Fastener Shear Tensile, wall Tensile, ceiling 1)
F v all F t all F t all
Overlapping steel sheet screw
500 250 200
Ø 4.8–6.3 mm
Bulb-tite/Peel rivet 500 400 300

1)
In ceilings only panel type AST ® E is allowed.

When dimensioning the suspensions, the following restrictions

have to be taken into account:

1. Shear force caused by suspension

Fv ≤ n x Fv all
where
Fv = sum of shear forces caused by suspension, N (characteristic value)
n = number of fixing screws
Fv all = allowed shear force for one fixing screw, N (table 21)

The highest allowed shear force for a support profile is 2.5 kN/m,
with Bulb-tite/Peel rivets at 200 mm centres.

2. Tensile force caused by suspension

Ft ≤ n x Ft all
where
Ft = sum of tensile forces caused by suspension, N
(characteristic value)
n = number of fixing screws
Ft all = allowed tensile force for one fixing screw, N (table 21)

The highest allowed tensile force for a support profile

is 2.0 kN/m, with screws at 120 mm centres and Bulb-tite/Peel
rivets at 200 mm centres.

3. Pressure force caused by suspension

Fp ≤ Fp all = fCc,k x (A s + B x e) / ( γM x γF)

where
Fp = sum of pressure forces caused by suspension, N
(characteristic value)
Fp all = allowed pressure on steel sheet facing, N
fCc,k = characteristic pressure strength of wool core, N/mm2 (table 22)
As = stiff support area of profile, mm2
B = perimeter of support area of profile, mm
e = measure, mm, (table 22) according to test results, when support
width of profile a ≥ 60 mm. When the width a < 60 mm, the
measure has to be reduced by a coefficient ke = 1 - (60 - a)/60
γM = pressure material safety coefficient, [1.33]
γF = load safety coefficient, [1.5]

47
Table 23. Characteristic pressure strength of wool core f Cc,k and e-measure for various panel types.

Panel type AST ® S AST ® F AST ® F+ AST ® E

fCc,k 0.060 N/mm2 0.090 N/mm2 0.090 N/mm2 0.110 N/mm2
e-measure 40 mm 30 mm 30 mm 20 mm

4. If simultaneously subject to both tensile and shear force

(EN 1993-1-3)

(Ft / Ft all) + (Fv / Fv all) ≤ 1

5. If simultaneously subject to both pressure and shear force

(Fp / Fp all)2 + (Fv / Fv all)2 ≤ 1

6. If simultaneously subject to both tensile and pressure force in

same structural component (for instance suction and pressure)

(Ft / Ft all)2 + (Fp / Fp all)2 ≤ 1

If the profile or support plate to be fastened is subject to both the following restrictions have to be verified for the adhesive
tensile load and pressure load, and is fixed by both adhesive tensile strength and pressure strength:
bonding and mechanically in the panel steel sheet facing,

Adhesive tensile strength F

t all
= fCt,k x (As + B x e) / (k x γM x γF)

where
Ft all = allowed adhesive tensile strength on steel sheet facing, N
fCt,k = characteristic adhesive tensile strength of wool core, N/mm2 (table 23)
As = stiff support area of profile, mm2, support width a has to be ≥ 60 mm
B = perimeter of support area of profile, mm
e = measure, mm, (table 22) according to test results
k = coefficient for durability according to test results, [1.5]
γM = material safety coefficient of adhesive tensile strength, [1.33]
γF = load safety coefficient, [1.5]

Table 24. Characteristic adhesive tensile strength of wool core f Ct;k and e-measure for various panel types.

Panel type AST ® S AST ® F AST ® F+ AST ® E

fCt,k 0.130 N/mm 2
0.180 N/mm 2
0.180 N/mm 2
0.230 N/mm2
e-measure 40 mm 30 mm 30 mm 20 mm

Simultaneously the following condition for pressure force has

to be valid:

F
p all
= fCc,k x (As) / (γM x γF)

where
Fp all = allowed pressure on steel sheet facing, N
fCc,k = characteristic pressure strength of wool core, N/mm2 (table 22)
As = stiff support area of profile, mm2, without spreading the pressure area
γM = material safety coefficient of pressure, [1.33]
γF = load safety coefficient, [1.5]

48
Dimensioning example
Wall panel of type AST® S has been specified with a thickness The characteristic value of the wind load is qk = 0.77 kN/m2.
of 240 mm and steel sheet facing thickness of 0.6/0.5.
The pressure coefficients are for the pressure Cp1 = +1.0 (zone D)
A cladding of pre-assembled brick wall sections is to be
and suction Cp1 = -1.0 (zone B)
fixed on the surface. The brick wall sections are suspended in
horizontal support profiles at 600 mm centres vertically. The and in the corner zone Cp1 = -1.4 (zone A).
brick wall sections are of thickness 20 mm, length 1200 mm
and height 600 mm. They have a dead weight of 40 kg/m2. The load safety coefficient is γF = 1.5.
The support area of the profiles has a height of 25 mm and a
width of 20 mm. The profiles have a material thickness t ≤ 1.5 mm and thus
overlapping steel sheet screws with
Fv all = 0.5 kN and Ft all = 0.25 kN can be used.

1. Shear force caused by suspension

Shear force on one horizontal profile,

Fv = 0.4 kN/m2 x 0.6 m = 0.24 kN/m

Number of fixing screws

n ≥ Fv / Fv all = 0.24 kN/m / 0.5 kN = 0.48 screws/m
2. Tensile force caused by wind suction and eccentric load

Wind suction FT,w = -1.0 x 0.77 kN/m2 x 0.6 m = -0.462 kN/m (zone B)

Moment on support profiles caused by eccentric structure:

M = (0.020 + (0.5 x 0.020)) mm x 0.24 kN/m = 0.0072 kNm/m, which gives the following tensile force on the upper support profile:

FMt = 0.0072 kNm/m / 0.6 m = - 0.012 kN/m

Number of fixing screws n ≥ (FT,w + FM,t) / Ft all = (0.462 kN/m + 0.012 kN/m) / 0.25 kN =
1,89 screws/m

The wind impact in the corner zone is calculated correspondingly:

Wind suction Ft = -1.4 x 0.77 kN/m2 x 0.6 m = -0.65 kN/m (zone A)

Number of fixing screws n ≥ (Ft,w + FM,t) / Ft all = (0.65 kN/m + 0.012 kN/m) / 0.25 kN = 2.63 screws/m

3. Pressure caused by wind pressure and eccentric load

Wind pressure FP,w = +1.0 x 0.77 kN/m2 x 0.6 m = +0.462 kN/m (zone D)

Moment on lower support profile caused by eccentric structure:

FMp = - FMt = +0.012 kN/m

Fp = (FP,w + FMp) = (0.462 kN/m + 0.012 kN/m) = 0.474 kN/m = 382 N/m

The allowed pressure on the 25 mm (a) wide support profile is calculated as follows:

Fp all = fCc,k x (A s + B x e) / (γM x γF)

With a support width a ≤ 60 mm, the e-measure in table 22 for panel type AST® S is to be reduced as follows:

e = ke x 40 mm, where ke = 1- (60 - a)/60 = 1 - (60 - 25)/60 = 0.417

e = 0.417 x 40 mm = 16 mm

The allowed pressure Fp all = 0.060 N/mm2 x (25 mm x 1000 mm + 2 x 1000 mm x 16 mm) / (1.33 x 1.5) = 1714 N/m, which is higher than
Fp = 474 N/m.

49
In the following the simultaneous impact of shear, tensile and pressure force is examined.
The distance between fixing screws is obtained by adding the number of fixing screws required by the shear and tensile forces:

In wind zone B n ≥ (0.48 +1.89) screws/m = 2.37 screws/m, which gives a screw distance of
s ≤ 422 mm, and the distance s = 400 mm is selected.

In wind zone A n ≥ (0.48 +2.63) screws/m = 3.11 screws/m, which gives a screw distance of
s ≤ 320 mm, and the distance s = 300 mm is selected.

4. If fixing screw simultaneously subject to both tensile

and shear force (EN 1993-1-3)

In wind zone B:
(Ft/Ft all) + (Fv/Fv all) = (400/1000 x 0.474 kN/0.25 kN) + (400/1000 x 0.24 kN/0.5 kN) = 1.004 ≈ 1.0

In wind zone A:
(Ft/Ft all) + (Fv/Fv all) = (300/1000 x 0.76 kN/0.25 kN) + (300/1000 x 0.24 kN/0.5 kN) = 0.93 < 10

5. If simultaneously subject to both pressure and shear force

(Fp/Fp all)2 + (Fv/Fv all)2 = (474 N/m / 1714 N/m)2 + (400/1000 x 0.24 kN/0.5 kN)2 = 0.31 < 1.0

6. If same structural component subject to both tensile

and pressure force

In wind zone B:
(Ft/Ft all)2 + (Fp/Fall)2 = (400/1000 x 0.474 kN/0.25 kN)2 + (474 N/m / 1714 N/m)2 = 0.65 < 1.0

In wind zone A:
(Ft/Ft all)2 + (Fp/Fall)2 = (300/1000 x 0.662 kN/0.25 kN)2 + (474 N/m / 1714 N/m)2 = 0.71 < 1.0

The brick wall cladding can thus be fixed with profiles at 600 mm centres,
fixing screw distance s = 400 mm in wind zone B and s = 300 mm in wind zone A.

The load calculations do not include any impact by moisture, ice and accumulated snow.

The temperature differences between the wall panel and the profile structures of the brick wall cladding are estimated to remain low.
With a fixing profile of the length 2.4 m and dT< 70 °C (winter -30 °C and summer +40 °C), the total length variation
is dL = α x dT x L = 1.2 x 10-5 x 70 °C x 2400 mm = 2.0 mm. The oval fixing holes in the fixing profile allow small movements.
The temperature movements do not cause any additional load on the screw fixings.

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7 Approvals and certificates
Paroc Panels, or parts of Paroc Panel System portfolio are also
have national type approvals for fire resistance, strength and subject to:
thermal insulation in several countries. Approved properties
EPAQ Certificate
are subject to continual quality control by official bodies and by
LPCB Certificate No: 381A
Paroc Panel Systems internal quality control.
FM 4881 for AST E (120-240 mm) and FM 4880 for AST S, AST F,
Paroc Panel System conforms to ISO 9001 Quality Management AST E, Ceiling AST E (50-240 mm), AST F+ (100-120 mm)
EPD (Environmental product declaration)
Systems, IS0 14001 Environmental Management Systems
Sintef Technical Approval, TG2180
and ISO 6001 - Responsible Sourcing of Construction Products.
TRY SFS 7030
SBSC Certificate
production and deliveries operates according to a certified DIBt Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung
quality system.
For more information about approvals and certificates, please
Paroc Panel System is certified by Bureau Veritas.
be in contact with Paroc Panel System.
Eurofins Expert Services Oy in Finland has granted a Certificate
of Constancy of Performance (CPR) to PPS Panels.

ISO 9001
ISO 14001

LPS 1208: Issue 2.2

Cert No. 381a

51
 tel. +358 46 876 8716
e-mail: panelinfo@parocpanels.com
www.parocpanels.com

10/2023 v.4