DILLA UNIVERSIRTY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NETWORKING
INDVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 2 ON ADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING

Name : Haymanot Tamire

SUBMITED TO: D.r Gadisa Olani

SUBMISSION DATE: Feb 4/2023

 Advanced data communication and networking alignment 2

1. Figure 1 below has an Ethernet network with three hosts, Host A, Host B, and Host C. this
network has no router for IP routing. Based on the provided subnet mask and ip address,
describe if the transmission will be successful for each question. If you consider that a
transmission will not work provide an explanation.

As I have checked it by using cisco packet tracer simulation the result like as follow.

(a) Host C sends an IP datagram to Host A does not work

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(b) Host A sends an IP datagram to Host B works

(c) Host A sends an IP datagram to Host C does not work

(d) Host B sends an IP datagram to Host A works

(e) Host B sends an IP datagram to Host C does not work

2. Company named ABC has the IP address of 128.100.112.0/21. The company wants four
subnets where each subnets needs to support at least 500 host addresses.

a) What is the subnet mask of the four new subnetworks?

b) Specify the network address and the network prefix (subnet mask for each subnetwork)?

c) Specify the broadcast IP address for each subnetwork.

When I convert 128.100.112.0/21 into binary number

a. Subnet mask 255.255.255.248  11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000 

255.255.255.248
b. The specified network address and the network prefix for four network is
128.100.112.0/23
128.100.114.0/23
128.100.116.0/23
128.100.118.0/23

C. The broadcast address for each subnet will be

128.100.113.255

128.100.115.255

128.100.117.255

128.100.119.255

3. Select a subnet mask for 10.0.0.0/8 so that there will be at least 16,000 subnets with at least
700 host addressed on each subnet.

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One needs to select n such that 2n -2 >= 16,000. There must be enough host bits h remaining so
that 2h -2 >= 700. A subnet mask of 255.255.252.0 provides 16,382 subnets of the class A
address and 1022 host addresses on each subnet. (Note this is the only subnetmask which will
work).

4. For his research Mr. Abebe requested Dilla University to a block of ip address. In reply to to
his request Dilla university admin issued him the following response.

Base address 142.150.235.0

Network mask 255.255.255.224

Broad cast address 142.150.235.31

Reserved Ip address 142.150.235.1

a. Which ip address range Mr. Abebe need to use to configure the computers in his lab?

We have a given Base address 142.150.235.0 and network mask 255.255.255.224. to get an Ip
address range Mr. Abebe used to configure computers in his lab, we must convert the network
mask into binary. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

By using the formula 2h-2 we can get an Ip address range Mr. Abebe used. 25-2 = 32-2=30. So
an Ip address range Mr. Abebe used is 142.150.235.2 up to 142.150.235.30

b. What is the role of the “reserved router address”? Why this information is important?
The role of reserved router address is allowing the router to reserve the lease of an IP
Address for use of a specific device on the network. And the information is important to
effectively ensuring that the router does not assign the IP Address to other devices in the
network.
5. After connecting to the internet, fin the configuration of the TCP/IP stack on your computer.
If you are using windows, you can do that with the command ipconfig/all at the command
prompt (command prompt is in the group accessories). If you are using linux or any other
UNIX flavored operating system, the command is ifconfig.

I have used windows, when I do ipconfig/all I have get the following information.

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a. IP address (dotted decimal notation)

Ip address in dotted decimal notation is 192.168.43.147

b. Ip address (binary form, 4 octets)

11000000.10101000.00101011.10010011
c. Subnet Mak in dotted decimal form is: 255.255.255.0
d. Subnet mask in binary form is: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
e. The number of 1s in the subnet mask is: 24
f. Network part of the Ip address in binary : 11111111.11111111.11111111is network part
g. Host part of the IP address in binary is: 00000000
h. Network address in binary is: 11000000.10101000.00101011.00000000
i. Network address in dotted decimal is: 192.168.43.0
j. Broadcast address in binary form is : 11000000.10101000.00101011.11111111
k. Broadcast address in dotted decimal notation is: 192.168.43.255
l. Default gateway in dotted decimal notation: 192.168.43.236
m. DNS server(s) in dotted decimal notation: 192.168.43.236
n. The physical (MAC) address (in hexadecimal format): 80-00-0B-E7-A5-7C
o. The physical (MAC) address (in binary form is):

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6. Renew the Ip address that you see in question 5. You can return the ip address back to the
DHCP server by using the command ipconfig/release at the command prompt. you can
obtain (renew) the address using ipconfig/renew.

a. Try the above commands and explain what happened?

 When I try ipconfig/release command the network connection of my computer will be lost.

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 When I try ipconfig/renew network connection on my computer will be renewed/ the

disconnected network connection will be connected/.

7. Open the command prompt window and give the command “ping –n5 127.0.0”, (any website
that you like) and answer the following questions.

A. what is the effect of the argument –n5 on the ping program?

 I have tried to ping –n5 127.0.0.1 and the argument of –n5 on the ping program is:

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B. what is the average value of the RTT you have obtained? Explain how was it calculated?

 Average value of RTT in –n5 127.0.0.1 is equals to 0ms as the above screenshot.
 RTT can be calculated as the following
- Average server RTT = (RTTs1 + RTTs2)/2
- Average Client RTT = (RTTc1 + RTTc2)/2
8. Use the traceroute program to find the path to a destination of your choice. After you have
obtained the output, supply the following information.
a. Destination address (i.e, URL or IP address)
 I have checked by tracert www.du.edu.et from this the destination address is
213.55.81.195
b. Number of hops maximum number of hops is 30
c. IP addresses of the five nodes where there is the maximum delay and the delay experienced on
these hops.
 IP addresses of five nodes are:
192.168.43.236
10.207.25.217
10.207.25.193
d. Perform the traceroute to the same destination at another day and time. Check whether there
exist any changes. Explain possible reasons for the appearance of some differences.
There is no change exist
9. Use nslookup or one of the web sites that provide DNS lookup to find out the IP address for a
domain name of your choice. Supply the following information.
a. The domain name of the DNS server you have used
The domain name of DNS server I used is Unknown
b. The domain name for which you have searched the IP address
www.du.edu.et
c. The IP address obtained
The IP address obtained is 213.55.81.195
d. Explanation how DNS works and the reasons it uses a distributed database instead of a
centralized one.

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 The root DNS server returns the IP address of the top-level DNS server maintaining the
.com domains. Then, by visiting the .com top-level DNS server, the system finds the
medium.com authoritative DNS server's IP address. Next, the medium.com authoritative
DNS server returns the IP address of www.medium.com.
 A Single DNS Server cannot handle huge DNS traffic but with distributed system its
distributed and reduce overload on server. Distant centralized database: A single DNS server
cannot be “close to” all the querying clients.
10. Use netstat –rn to display the forwarding (routing) table for your computer on the screen.
Show the forwarding table and explain the meaning of each row in the table.

 The first row interface list means the state of the network interfaces that are configured with
the machine where you ran the command.

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 The second row persistent route is a static route that survives across reboots.
 The third row active route Indicates the current status of the route.
11. The system administrator foolishly connected four switches according to figure below, and
forgot to enable the spanning tree protocol (s stands for switch).

a) What happened when a host decides to send a packet on this network?

Loop on layer 2 and broadcast storm will happen.
12. Convert the following IP address to binary

a. 153.210.58.35 10011001.11010010.00111010.00100011

b. 14.255.1.0  00001110.11111111.00000001.00000000

13. What is the full subnet mask for address 172.16.5.10/28?

Full subnet mask of the above address is 255.255.255.240

14. You currently use the default mask for your IP network 192.168.1.0 you need to subnet your
network so that you have 30 additional networks and 4 hosts per network. If possible, and
what subnet mask should you use?

 Yes it is possible

The subnet Mask should be 255.255.255.248

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15. Given a class C network 200.138.1.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.252. Answer the
following questions.
a) Network address?
b) Broadcast address?
c) Total number of host address?
d) Total usable address?
e) The last usable host addresses?

To do the above questions we should convert both IP address and subnet mask into binary.

IP address 200.138.1.0 11001000.10001010.00000001.00000000

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.25211111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

a. Network address
To get network address we have to use AND operation.

IP add 11001000.10001010.00000001.00000000

Subnet M 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

N.A 11001000.10001010.00000001.00000000 200.138.1.0

b. Broadcast address

To get broadcast address we have to inversing the subnet mask and use OR operation.

IP add 11001000.10001010.00000001.00000000

Subnet M 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000011

B.A 11001000.10001010.00000001.00000011 200.138.1.3

C. total number of hosts

 To calculate total number of hosts we use the formula 2n where n is number of host bits, so
2n=22= 4  total number of host.

D. total usable address

 To calculate total usable address we use the formula 2n-2 where n is number of host bits, so
2n-2=2  total usable address.

e. The last usable host addresses?

 The last usable host addresses is 200.138.1.2

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