TG

Lecture Sl. No. 01

. , II
on er
Massive Open Online Course under NPTEL

si d
is m
The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Govt. of India

m ju
er Ma
Basic Principles and Calculations in

rp K
rio S
Chemical Engineering

t p rof
ou P
ith @
Module-1: Introduction

w ght
i
r m yr
fo p
Lecture 1.1: Definition, History, Role
y co of Chemical Engineer
an er
in d
it un
e is

Prof. S. K. Majumder
us nt

Chemical Engineering Department,

ot e
nn um

Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Guwahati-781039, India. Phone: +913612582265 (O)
ca cc
u do

Email: skmaju@iitg.ac.in ; skmaju@gmail.com

Welcome IIT Guwahati https://www.iitg.ac.in/chemeng/skm/home
Yo is
Th
 Th
Yo is
u do
ca cc
nn um
ot e
us nt
e is
it un
in d
an er
y co
Engineering

fo p
r m yr
i
w ght
ith @
ou P
Definition of Chemical

t p rof
rio S
Role of Chemical Engineers

rp K
er Ma
Present Lecture Includes:

m ju
is m
History of Chemical Engineering

si d
on er
. , II
TG
 TG
. , II
on er
Floor of Chemical Engineering

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
t p rof
 It began for the welfare of human being having an

ou P
industrial focus with the mechanical design of

ith @
w ght
equipment for the process of production of essential

i
chemicals.

r m yr
fo p
y co
an er
in d

 For that it needed the knowledge of applied science

it un

that employs physical, chemical, and biochemical rate

e is

processes for the design of equipment and plant.

us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 Th
Yo is
u do
ca cc
nn um
ot e
us nt
e is
it un
in d
an er
y co
fo p
r m yr
i
w ght
ith @
ou P
t p rof
rio S
rp K
er Ma
m ju
is m
si d
on er
. , II
TG
Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati
Image is subject to copyright @S. K. Majumder,
 TG
. , II
on er
Definition

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 There was no universally accepted explanation of the

rio S
t p rof
field of chemical engineering at its start.

ou P
ith @
 Based on the preamble, the chemical Engineering can

w ght
be defined as:

i
r m yr
fo p
y co
an er
Chemical engineering is the area of applied
in d
it un

science that puts to use physical, chemical,

e is

and biochemical rate processes to produce

us nt
ot e

essential chemicals and articles for the

nn um

betterment of human uses.

ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Definition

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 As per dictionary the chemical Engineering is defined

t p rof
ou P
as:

ith @
w ght
i
r m yr
fo p
y co
“A branch of engineering which involves the
an er
in d

design and operation of large-scale

it un

chemical plants, petrochemical refineries

e is

and the like.”

us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Definition

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 As per Information highway (the global information and

t p rof
ou P
communications network) the chemical Engineering is

ith @
defined as:

w ght
i
r m yr
fo p
y co
“Chemical engineering is concerned with
an er
processes that cause substances to undergo
in d
it un

required changes in their chemical or

e is

physical composition, structure, energy

us nt

content or physical state.”

ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Definition

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 A more appropriate definition of chemical engineering

t p rof
ou P
as per constitution of AIChE states:

ith @
w ght
i
r m yr
fo p
“Branch of engineering which deals with the
y co
application of the principles of the physical
an er
sciences, together with the principles of economics
in d
it un

and human relations, to fields that pertain directly to

e is

processes and process equipment in which matter is

us nt

treated to effect a change in state, energy content

ot e
nn um

and composition.”
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Chemical means:

rp K
rio S
t p rof
ou P
ith @
w ght
i
r m yr
“Involving or resulting from a reaction

fo p
y co
between two or more substances, or
an er
relating to the substances that
in d
it un

something consists of.”

e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Starting of Chemical Engineering

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
For all intents and purposes the chemical

t p rof
ou P
engineering profession began in 1888.

ith @
w ght
The term "chemical engineer" had been

i
r m yr
fo p
floating around technical circles throughout
y co
the 1880's
an er
in d
it un

But there was no formal education for such a

e is

person at that time

us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Starting of Chemical Engineering

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 The "chemical engineer" of these years was:

t p rof
ou P
either a mechanical engineer who had gained some

ith @
w ght
knowledge of chemical process equipment,

i
r m yr
a chemical plant foreman with a lifetime of
fo p
y co
experience but little education,
an er
in d

or
it un
e is

an applied chemist with knowledge of large scale

us nt

industrial chemical reactions.

ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Starting of Chemical Engineering

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 In1880, George Davis, united different professionals through a

t p rof
ou P
"Society of Chemical Engineers" proved unsuccessful.

ith @
w ght
 However, this muddled state of affairs was changed in 1888,
when Professor Lewis Norton of the Massachusetts Institute of

i
r m yr
fo p
Technology (MIT) introduced "Course X" (ten), thereby uniting
y co
chemical engineers through a formal degree.
an er
in d

 Other schools, such as the University of Pennsylvania and

it un

Tulane University, quickly followed suit adding their own four

e is
us nt

year chemical engineering programs in 1892 and 1894

ot e
nn um

respectively.
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Historical Chemical Engineers (Developer

si d
is m
m ju
of Science of Chemical Engineering)

er Ma
rp K
rio S
John Dalton (1766 – 1844)

t p rof
ou P
ith @
w ght
In 1805, He published Atomic Weights,

i
r m yr
fo p
allowing chemical equations to be
y co
balanced and establishing the basis
an er
in d

for chemical engineering mass

it un

John Dalton, FRS,

an English chemist,
e is

balances. physicist, meteorologist.

us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc

FRS: Fellow of Royal Society

u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Nicolas-léonard-sadi Carnot

rp K
(1796 – 1832)

rio S
t p rof
ou P
 In 1824, French physicist Sadi

ith @
Carnot, in his “Reflections On the

w ght
Motive Power of Fire", was the first

i
r m yr
book to study the thermodynamics
fo p
y co
of combustion reactions.
an er
Nicolas-léonard-sadi
 He described the Carnot cycle,
in d

Carnot, French scientist

it un

relating to the theory of heat

engines
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius

rio S
(1822-1888)

t p rof
ou P
ith @
w ght
 In 1850, He began to apply the

i
r m yr
principles developed by Carnot to
fo p
y co
chemical systems at the atomic to
an er
Rudolf Clausius,
molecular scale.
in d

German physicist
it un
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839 – 1903)

rio S
t p rof
ou P
During the years 1873 to 1876

ith @
w ght
at Yale University the American

i
r m yr
scientist made significant theoretical

fo p
y co
contributions for the study of
an er
chemical systems using the Josiah Willard Gibbs,
in d
it un

An American scientist
thermodynamics of Clausius
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821 – 1894)

rp K
rio S
t p rof
In 1882, He published a founding

ou P
ith @
thermodynamics paper, similar to

w ght
Gibbs

i
r m yr
fo p
y co
an er
He also showed that measure of
in d
it un

chemical affinity, i.e., the "force" of Hermann von Helmholtz,

e is

German physicist
chemical reactions, is determined by
us nt
ot e

the measure of the free energy of the

nn um

reaction process.
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
George E. Davis (1850 - 1907)

rp K
rio S
t p rof
 An industrial Alkali inspector from Manchester

ou P
ith @
England.

w ght
 In 1880, he proposed the unsuccessful formation

i
r m yr
of a "Society of Chemical Engineers in London".

fo p
y co
 In 1887, he presented a series of 12 lectures on
an er
the operation of chemical processes (now
in d
it un

called "unit operations") at the Manchester George Edward Davis,

Technical School. regarded as the founding
e is

father of the chemical

us nt

 In 1901, he published a first book in chemical

ot e

engineering.
nn um

Engineering "Handbook of Chemical

ca cc

Engineering"
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Osborne Reynolds (1842 –1912)

rp K
rio S
t p rof
ou P
ith @
In 1883, He defined the dimensionless

w ght
group for fluid flow, leading to

i
r m yr
fo p
practical scale-up and
y co
understanding of flow, heat and Osborne Reynolds, FRS.
an er
Irish-born British
in d

mass transfer
it un

innovator
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Henry E. Armstrong (1848 –1937)

rp K
rio S
t p rof
In 1885, He offers a course in

ou P
“chemical engineering” at Central

ith @
w ght
College (later Imperial College,
London).

i
r m yr
fo p
y co
Armstrong was active in scientific
an er
research also, such as the
in d

chemistry of naphthalene
it un

Henry Edward Armstrong,

derivatives. FRS FRSE(Hon), an English
e is

chemist.
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc

FRSE: Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
Lewis M. Norton (1855–1893)

rio S
t p rof
ou P
ith @
A Professor of Organic and Industrial

w ght
Chemistry at Massachusetts Institute

i
r m yr
of Technology (MIT)

fo p
y co
In 1888, He started a new curriculum
an er
at MIT: Course X, Chemical
in d
it un

Lewis M. Norton,
Engineering an American academician
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
William Page Bryant and His Classmates

rp K
rio S
t p rof
ou P
ith @
In 1891, MIT awards a bachelor’s of science

w ght
in chemical engineering to William Page

i
r m yr
Bryant and six other candidates.
fo p
y co
He was the first of seven students to graduate
an er
in d

from "Course X" and thereby became the

it un

world's first formal chemical engineer.

e is
us nt
ot e
nn um

https://phcollegesuniv.fandom.com/wiki/Chemical_engineering
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Oliver Patterson Watts (1865–1953)

rp K
rio S
t p rof
In 1905, the University of Wisconsin awards

ou P
ith @
the first Ph.D. in chemical engineering to him.

w ght
He was a professor of chemical engineering

i
r m yr
fo p
and applied electrochemistry at the
y co
University of Wisconsin–Madison until 1937.
an er
in d

He is famously known for his development of

it un

the hot nickel plating bath known as the

e is
us nt

"Watts Bath"
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 Th
Yo is
u do
ca cc
nn um
ot e
us nt
e is
it un
in d
Hilda Derrick

an er
y co
fo p
r m yr
i
w ght
ith @
ou P
t p rof
rio S
rp K
er Ma
Chemical Engineers (IChemE)

m ju
is m
In 1942, Hilda Derrick, first female

si d
student member of the Institute of

on er
. , II
TG
 TG
. , II
on er
Setup of Milestone as a Distinct

si d
is m
m ju
Profession (at 20th Century)

er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Chemical engineering began as a distinct profession at the

t p rof
ou P
start of the twentieth century, although elements of what are

ith @
now considered to be core chemical engineering have

w ght
existed for centuries and more (for example: fermentation, is

i
r m yr
mentioned in the Bible and in Homer)

fo p
y co
 The discipline began as something of an amalgam,
an er
in d

combining chemistry having an industrial focus with the

it un

mechanical design of equipment.

e is
us nt

 The early triumphs, which defined the profession in the public

ot e
nn um

eye, had to do with large scale production of essential

chemicals.
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Milestone 1: 1915

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 Fermentation processes have existed throughout human

rio S
t p rof
history.

ou P
ith @
 The first industrial-scale fermentation process (other than

w ght
alcoholic beverages) for the production of acetone and

i
r m yr
butanol through the anaerobic fermentation of corn by
fo p
y co
the organism Clostridium acetobutylicum, discovered in
an er
1915 by the British chemist Chaim Weizmann
in d
it un

 The production of acetone by this route was essential to

e is
us nt

the British war effort in World War I because acetone

ot e
nn um

was required as a solvent for nitrocellulose in the

ca cc

production of smokeless powder, and calcium acetate,

u do

from which acetone was normally produced

Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Milestone 2: 1930

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 The early triumphs, which defined the profession in

t p rof
the public eye, had to do with large scale

ou P
ith @
production of essential chemicals.

w ght
 The invention of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)

i
r m yr
process by Warren K. Lewis and Edward R. Gilliland
fo p
y co
in the late 1930s was one such advance.
an er
 The process is very energy efficient. Its invention was
in d
it un

crucial to the production of high-octane aviation

e is

gasoline during World War II, and it is still the

us nt

centerpiece of the modern petroleum refinery.

ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Milestone 3: 1940

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 The development of the large-scale aerobic

t p rof
ou P
fermentation process for the production of penicillin in

ith @
the early 1940s

w ght
i
r m yr
 It is generally recognized as one of the outstanding

fo p
y co
engineering achievements of the century.
an er
 The production of chemicals by biological routes
in d
it un

remains a core part of biochemical engineering, which

e is

has always been an essential component of chemical

us nt
ot e

engineering
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Milestone 4: 1942-1945

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 War is, unfortunately, a recurring theme in identifying the

rio S
great chemical engineering advances in the twentieth

t p rof
century.

ou P
ith @
w ght
 The Japanese conquest of the rubber plantations of

i
southeast Asia at the start of World War II necessitated

r m yr
fo p
the industrial development of synthetic rubber
y co
an er
 A U.S.-government-sponsored industrial academic
in d
it un

consortium set out in 1942 to produce large amounts of

e is

GR-S rubber, a polymer consisting of 75% butadiene and

us nt

25% styrene.
ot e
nn um

 By 1945, the United States was producing 920,000 tons of

ca cc
u do

synthetic rubber annually.

Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Milestone 5 onward: 1945-onward

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 From 1945, Chemical engineers continued to play a

rio S
t p rof
central role in the manufacture and processing of

ou P
polymeric materials.

ith @
w ght
 The chemical engineer of the first half of the twentieth

i
r m yr
century was generally concerned with the large-scale
fo p
y co
production of chemicals, usually through classical
an er
chemical synthesis but sometimes through biochemical
in d
it un

synthesis.
e is
us nt

 The profession began to expand considerably in outlook

ot e
nn um

during the second half of the century.

ca cc

 Continued to date
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Grand Challenges for Engineering

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
As per report by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in 2008, The grand

rp K
challanges for Engineering are:

rio S
t p rof
 Make solar energy economical  Restore and improve urban

ou P
ith @
infrastructure
 Provide energy from fusion

w ght
 Advance health informatics
 Provide access to clean water

i
r m yr
 Prevent nuclear terror

fo p
 Reverse-engineer the brain
y co
 Advance personalized learning
 Engineer better medicines
an er
in d

 Enhance virtual reality

it un

 Develop carbon sequestration

methods  Manage the nitrogen cycle
e is
us nt

 Engineer the tools of scientific  Secure cyberspace

ot e

discovery
nn um
ca cc

Needs the active participation and leadership of

u do

chemical engineers
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role of The Chemical Engineer Today

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Chemical engineers play important roles today in every

rp K
rio S
industry and service profession in which chemistry or

t p rof
biology is a factor, including:

ou P
ith @
w ght
 Semiconductors,  Energy,

i
r m yr
fo p
 Nanotechnology,  Personal care products,
y co
an er
 Food processing,  Finance,
in d
it un

 Agriculture,  Medicine – and, of course,

e is
us nt

 Environmental control,  Traditional chemicals

ot e
nn um

 Pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals.

ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role of The Chemical Engineer Today

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
t p rof
ou P
ith @
Chemical engineers have traditionally

w ght
been involved in both the design of

i
r m yr
processes and the design of products
fo p
under those challanges
y co
an er
in d
it un
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Semiconductor Production

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 The production of semiconductors is

t p rof
ou P
driven by chemical engineers, who

ith @
have devised many of the processes

w ght
for the manufacture of computer

i
r m yr
fo p
chips, which are dependent on
y co
chemical and rate processes
an er
in d
it un

 Andrew Grove, a chemical engineer

e is

who was one of the three founders of

us nt

the Intel Corporation and its CEO for Andrew Grove

ot e
nn um

He was selected in
many years 1997 as Time
ca cc

Magazine’s
u do

“Man of the Year.”

Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Controlled Drug Release

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 Polymer gels is one of the important material

rio S
that release a drug over time

t p rof
ou P
The issues relatred to the release like

ith @
w ght
the solubility of the drug in the gel,

i
r m yr
fo p
the uniformity of the rate of release, and,
y co
an er
the biocompatibility for any materials
in d
it un

placed in the body.

e is

Alan Michaels
 One of the leaders in developing this field was
us nt
ot e

chemical engineer, Alan Michaels, who was

nn um

the President of ALZA Research in the 1970s

ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Synthetic Biology

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 One of the important role of Chemical

rio S
engineers in chemical synthesis,

t p rof
ou P
 Synthetic biology employs the new access to

ith @
the genetic code and synthetic DNA to create

w ght
novel chemical building blocks by changing the

i
r m yr
metabolic pathways in cells, which then

fo p
y co
function as micro-chemical reactors.
an er
 One of the leading figures in this new field is
in d
it un

chemical engineer Jay Keasling,

e is

 He constructed a practical and inexpensive

us nt

synthetic biology route to artemesinin, which is Jay Keasling

ot e
nn um

the medication of choice for combating

ca cc

malaria that is resistant to quinine and its

u do

derivatives.
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Environmental Control

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Chemical Engineers control the environment,

t p rof
ou P
both through the development of “green”

ith @
processes and improved methods of dealing

w ght
with air and water quality.

i
r m yr
fo p
 Chemical engineer, John Seinfeld and his
y co
colleagues developed the first mathematical
an er
in d

models of air pollution in 1972.

it un

 They are also leaders in the development of

e is
us nt

urban and regional models of atmospheric

ot e
nn um

pollution, especially the processes that form John Seinfeld

ozone and aerosols.
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 David Boger, a chemical engineer

rio S
managed the disposing of bauxite

t p rof
residue wastes from the aluminum

ou P
ith @
manufacturing process, which are in

w ght
the form of a caustic colloidal

i
r m yr
suspension known as “red mud”
fo p
y co
 He used the suspension to make
an er
in d

valuable material for the treatment of

it un

wastewater for reuse and reducing

e is
us nt

the volume of waste by a factor of David Boger

ot e
nn um

two.
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Nanotechnology

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Scientific interest was grown to the exploitation of

t p rof
ou P
chemical processes with the length scales of the order

ith @
of 100 nanometers (10−7 meters) or less, since the early

w ght
1990s.

i
r m yr
fo p
y co
 A small number of molecules can have very different
an er
physical and chemical properties from molar quantities
in d
it un

(1023 molecules) of the same material

e is

 Catalytic properties of materials and in interfacial

us nt
ot e

phenomena between unlike materials, are now-a-days

nn um

is determined at the nanoscale.

ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
Nanotechnology holds great promise in the

rio S
development of chemical sensors.

t p rof
ou P
ith @
w ght
If a sensor element is reduced in size to

i
r m yr
fo p
molecular dimensions, it becomes possible to
y co
an er
detect even a single analyte molecule by the
in d
it un

sensor.
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
Chemical engineer Michael Strano,

t p rof
ou P
used carbon nanotubes to create

ith @
w ght
nanochannel based sensor to detect

i
r m yr
fo p
y co
very low levels of impurities such as
an er
arsenic in drinking water.
in d
it un
e is

Michael Strano
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
Chemical engineer Matteo Pasquali and his

rp K
colleagues dicovered a ay to process carbon

rio S
t p rof
nanotubes to produce high-strength fibers

ou P
that are electrically conductive for the

ith @
w ght
application of:

i
r m yr
fo p
y co
Reduction of the weight of airplane
an er
in d

panels,
it un

Matteo Pasquale
e is

As lightweight electrical conductors

us nt

for data transmission (USB cables)

ot e
nn um

and for long-distance power delivery.

ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
Chemical engineer David Soane

rio S
invented and commercialized the Nano-

t p rof
CareTM process, in which cotton fibers

ou P
ith @
are wet with an aqueous suspension of

w ght
carbon nanowhiskers that are between

i
r m yr
1 and 10 nm in length
fo p
y co
an er
in d
it un

It causes liquids to bead up instead of David Soane

e is

spreading.
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Polymeric Materials

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Chemical engineers play a significant role to

t p rof
derive the synthetic polymer industry,

ou P
ith @
development of new materials and their

w ght
processing to make useful objects for society

i
r m yr
 Gore-TexTM film, which was invented by chemical

fo p
y co
engineer Robert Gore, is a porous film made from
an er
poly(tetrafluoroethylene), or PTFE, commonly
in d

known by the trade name TeflonTM.

it un
e is

 The film is widely used in outdoor wear, but it also Robert Gore
us nt

has found medical application as synthetic

ot e
nn um

blood vessels
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
 The chemical engineers Frank Bates

rp K
and Glenn Fredrickson developed a

rio S
new transparent plastic,

t p rof
ou P
polycyclohexylethylene

ith @
w ght
Frank Bates

i
r m yr
 These are used in optical storage
fo p
y co
media, to convert a brittle glassy
an er
material into a tough thermoplastic
in d
it un

suitable for disk manufacture.

e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc

Glenn Fredrickson
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Colloid Science

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 Chemical engineers have been at the forefront

rio S
t p rof
of the development and exploitation of colloid

ou P
science in a wide range of applications.

ith @
w ght
 The chemical engineer Alice P. Gast, discovered
the Electrorheology

i
r m yr
fo p
y co
 It is a phenomenon of the viscosity of a
suspension of colloidal particles containing
an er
in d

permanent dipoles increases by orders of

it un

magnitude upon application of an electric field.

e is

 The possible application to devices such as

us nt

Alice Gast
ot e

clutches.
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Tissue Engineering

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 Tissue engineering is referred as restoring

rio S
t p rof
or replacing organ functions, typically by

ou P
constructing biocompatible scaffolding

ith @
w ght
on which cells can grow and differentiate.

i
r m yr
 Kristi S. Anseth, a Professor ofChemical
fo p
y co
Engineering in Howard Hughes Medical
an er
Institute developed an injectable and
in d
it un

biodegradable scaffold to support

e is

Kristi Anseth
cartilage cells (chondrocytes) as they
us nt
ot e

grow to regenerate diseased or damaged

nn um

cartilaginous tissue.
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Water Desalination

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Membrane-based separation are

t p rof

Srinivasa Sourirajan
used in a variety of applications, such

ou P
ith @
as hemodialysis and oxygen

w ght
enrichment, development of the

i
r m yr
reverse osmosis process for water
fo p
desalinationy co
an er
in d

 In this regard, chemical engineers

it un

Sidney Loeb
Sidney Loeb and Srinivasa Sourirajan
e is

are famous for their development of

us nt
ot e

reverse osmosis process in 1959 .

nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Alternative Energy Sources

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Chemical engineers works in the

t p rof
development of alternative energy sources

ou P
away from traditional fossil fuel.

ith @
w ght
 Solar energy for electricity production is one

i
r m yr
area in which the chemical engineering role is

fo p
remarkable.
y co
an er
 T. W. Fraser Russell, is a leader to motivate a
in d

research and development team for the

it un

T. W. Fraser Russell
continuous production of solar cells and
e is

designed a reactor that deposited the

us nt
ot e

semiconductor continuously on a moving

nn um

substrate.
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Quantitative Bioscience

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
 Chemical engineers are playing an increasingly

rio S
important role in modern biology and biomedicine

t p rof
ou P
 RakeshK. Jain, whose entire education is in chemical

ith @
engineering, developed the network of blood vessels

w ght
and transvascular transport in tumors.

i
r m yr
RakeshK. Jain, Professor of

fo p
 Arup K. Chakraborty is a chemical engineer who uses RadiationOncology and Director of

y co
statistical and quantum mechanics to study molecular
the Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for
Tumor Biology at Harvard Medical
an er
conformations. School
in d
it un

 Dr. Chakraborty provided the first quantitative and

e is

testable explanation of the immune system’s

us nt

recognition process and illuminated how some

ot e
nn um

humans can control the HIV virus

ca cc
u do

Arup Chakraborty
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Public Service

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Chemical engineers are often involved in public service

t p rof
ou P
like:

ith @
w ght
Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency

i
r m yr
Secretary of Energy sector
fo p
y co
to provide expert advice to the Government for
an er
in d

Research and Development in Science and

it un

Engineering
e is
us nt

As an evaluator of processes for destroying stores of

ot e
nn um

armed weapons loaded with different agents

ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Other Professions

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
After completing an undergraduate chemical

t p rof
ou P
engineering degree, many chemical engineers

ith @
choose:

w ght
i
r m yr
to study medicine

fo p
y co
to study law, especially patent law.
an er
in d

to enter the financial sector, which has been a

it un

large employer
e is
us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Other Professions

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Adam Osborne, with BS and PhD degrees in chemical engineering,

t p rof
developed the first commercial portable computer in 1981

ou P
ith @
 The physicist and Nobel Laureate Eugene Wigner, called the “father

w ght
of nuclear engineering” for the uranium separation process, was in

i
r m yr
fact a chemical engineer by education at all degree levels.

fo p
y co
 The physicist Edward Teller, known as the “father of the hydrogen
an er
bomb,”studied chemical engineering for his first university degree
in d
it un

 The former Director of Central Intelligence of the United States,

e is

chemist John Deutch, also has a BS degree in chemical engineering

us nt
ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Role in Other Professions

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
rio S
 Many faculty members in university departments of

t p rof
ou P
materials science and engineering, biomedical

ith @
engineering, environmental engineering, and

w ght
chemistry studied chemical engineering at the BS

i
r m yr
fo p
level, and in many cases at the PhD level as well.
y co
an er
 Some chemical engineers have left science
in d
it un

completely and had successful careers in the arts or

e is

business, including the Academy Award-winning film

us nt

director Frank Capra and the actor Dolph Lundgren

ot e
nn um
ca cc
u do
Yo is
Th
 TG
. , II
on er
Further reading......

si d
is m
m ju
er Ma
rp K
Text Books:

rio S
t p rof
 R. M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard, Elementary

ou P
ith @
Principles of Chemical Processes, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons,

w ght
Asia, 2017.

i
r m yr
 D. M. Himmelblau, J. B. Riggs, Basic Principles and Calculations in

fo p
y co
Chemical Engineering, 7/8th Ed., Prentice Hall of India, 2012.
an er
Reference Books:
in d
it un

 N. Chopey, Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations,

e is

4th Ed., Mc-Graw Hill, 2012.

us nt
ot e

 Olaf, K.M. Watson and R. A. R. Hougen, Chemical Process

nn um

Principles, Part 1: Material and Energy Balances, 2nd Ed., John

ca cc

Wiley & Sons, 2004.

u do
Yo is
Th
 Th
Yo is
u do
ca cc
nn um
ot e
us nt
e is
it un
in d
an er
y co
fo p
r m yr
i
w ght
ith @
ou P
t p rof
rio S
rp K
Thank You

er Ma
Process

m ju
is m
si d
on er
For any queries:

. , II
TG
Basic Feature of Chemical
Next Lecture:

Please Contact: skmaju@iitg.ac.in