AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Branch: Mechanical Engineering Year / Sem : III/II

Sub: Design of machine members-II
QUESTION BANK
Part –A:

Unit No Q.No Question

1 Define bearing and write the properties of lubricants.

2 Explain Coefficient of friction between journal and bearing.
3 What is mean by heat generated by the bearing?
4 Write any four bearing material and applications.
5 Write the classification of bearings.
Unit 1 6 Explain critical pressure of the journal bearing.
7 Define Sommerfled number for the journal bearing.
8 Write any Two characteristics of bearing materials.
9 Write Assumptions in hydrodynamic lubricated bearings.
10 List out the various materials used for sliding contact bearings.
1 Explain static equivalent load.
2 Classify rolling contact bearings.
3 Define life of bearing.
4 What is mean by reliability of the bearing?
5 Explain dynamic capacity of the bearing.
Unit 2 6 Write the applications of spherical roller and cylindrical roller bearings.
7 Which type of Materials used in Ball and Roller Bearings?
8 Explain Dynamic Equivalent Load for Rolling Contact Bearings
9 Write the lubrication of ball and roller bearings
Where are the angular contact and self aligning ball bearings used? Draw
10
neat sketches of these bearings
1 Define buckling load and write the Rankine’s formula.
2 Name the type of loads acting on the connecting rod.
3 What is mean by whipping stress?
4 Write the design procedure steps for connecting rod.
5 Name the different Forces Acting on the Connecting Rod
Unit 3 6 Write any four design considerations for piston
7 State the function of piston rings
8 State the principle parts of an I.C. Engines.
9 Name the different types of cylinder liners and materials.
10 Write the function of piston pin.
1 Define spring and write the applications of springs?
2 Classify springs according to their shapes
Unit 4 3 Define spring index and spring rate?
Explain the following terms of the springs
4
i)Free length; (ii) Solid height
 5 Explain materials for helical springs
Discuss the different types of belts and their material used for power
6
transmission
7 Define slip of the belt
8 Write the advantages of rope drives
9 Write the different types of pulleys used in belt drives.
10 Write the Condition for the Transmission of Maximum Power.
Explain the following terms used in helical gears :
1
(a) Helix angle; (b) normal pitch
2 Write any two Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Drives
3 State the Classification of Gears?
4 Define Efficiency of Worm Gearing.
5 What are the various forces acting on worm and worm gears ?
Unit 5 6 Write a short note on Strength of Helical Gears
7 How the bevel gears are classified?
8 Write the proportions of bevel gears
Define the following terms used in worm gearing
9
(a) Lead (b) Lead angle
10 What are the various forces acting on worm and worm gears?

Part –B

10 Marks Questions:

Unit No Q.No Question

Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump from the following data : Load on
the journal = 20 000 N; Speed of the journal = 900 r.p.m.; Type of oil is SAE 10,
for which the absolute viscosity at 55°C = 0.017 kg / m-s; Ambient temperature of
1 oil = 15.5°C ; Maximum bearing pressure for the pump = 1.5 N / mm2.Calculate
also mass of the lubricating oil required for
artificial cooling, if rise of temperature of oil be limited to 10°C. Heat dissipation
coefficient = 1232 W/m2/°C.
The load on the journal bearing is 150 kN due to turbine shaft of 300 mm diameter
running at 1800 r.p.m. Determine the following :
1. Length of the bearing if the allowable bearing pressure is 1.6 N/mm2,
2
2. Amount of heat to be removed by the lubricant per minute if the bearing
temperature is 60°C and viscosity of the oil at 60°C is 0.02 kg/m-s and the bearing
clearance is 0.25 mm
Unit 1
A full journal bearing of 50 mm diameter and 100 mm long has a bearing pressure
of 1.4 N/mm2. The speed of the journal is 900 r.p.m. and the ratio of journal
diameter to the diametral clearance is 1000. The bearing is lubricated with oil
whose absolute viscosity at the operating temperature of 75°C may be taken as 0.011
3 kg/m-s. The room temperature is 35°C. Find: 1.The amount of artificial cooling
required, and
2. The mass of the lubricating oil required, if the difference between the outlet and
inlet temperature of the oil is 10°C. Take specific heat of the oil
as1850 J / kg / °C.
4 Write and explain the design procedure of the journal bearing?
A 80 mm long journal bearing supports a load of 2800 N on a 50 mm diameter
5 Shaft. The bearing has a radial clearance of 0.05 mm and the viscosity of the oil
is 0.021 kg / m-s at the operating temperature. If the bearing is
 capable of dissipating 80 J/s, determine the maximum safe speed.
A 150 mm diameter shaft supporting a load of 10 kN has a speed of 1500 r.p.m.The
shaft runs in a bearing whose length is 1.5 times the shaft diameter. If the
6 diametral clearance of the bearing is 0.15 mm and the
absolute viscosity of the oil at the operating temperature is 0.011 kg/m-s, find the
power wasted in friction
The main bearing of a steam engine is 100 mm in diameter and 175 mm long. The
bearing supports a load of 28 kN at 250 r.p.m. If the ratio of the diametral
clearance to the diameter is 0.001 and the absolute viscosity of the lubricating oil
7
is 0.015 kg/m-s, find:
1. The coefficient of friction; and
2. The heat generated at the bearing due to friction.
A journal bearing is proposed for a steam engine. The load on the journal is 3 kN,
diameter 50 mm, length 75 mm, speed 1600 r.p.m., diametral clearance
8 0.001 mm, ambient temperature 15.5°C. Oil SAE 10 is used and the film temperature is
60°C. Determine the heat generated and heat dissipated. Take
absolute viscosity of SAE10 at 60°C = 0.014 kg/m-s
A journal bearing 60 mm is diameter and 90 mm long runs at 450 r.p.m. The oil
9 used for hydrodynamic lubrication has absolute viscosity of 0.06 kg / m-s. If the
diametral clearance is 0.1 mm, find the safe load on the bearing.
A journal bearing is to be designed for a centrifugal pump for the following data: Load
on the journal = 12 kN; Diameter of the journal = 75 mm; Speed = 1440 r.p.m ;
10 Atmospheric temperature of the oil = 16°C ; Operating temperature of the oil = 60°C;
Absolute viscosity of oil at 60°C = 0.023 kg/m-s. Give a
systematic design of the bearing.
Write the Advantages and Disadvantages of Rolling Contact Bearings Over Sliding
1
Contact Bearings.
Select a single row deep groove ball bearing for a radial load of 4000 N and an Axial
2 load of 5000 N, operating at a speed of 1600 r.p.m. for an average
life of 5 years at 10 hours per day. Assume uniform and steady load
Select a single row deep groove ball bearing with the operating cycle listed below,
which will have a life of 15 000 hours

Unit 2 Assume radial and axial load factors to be 1.0 and 1.5 respectively and inner
race rotates
Design a self-aligning ball bearing for a radial load of 7000 N and a thrust load of
4 2100 N. The desired life of the bearing is 160 millions of
revolutions at 300 r.p.m. Assume uniform and steady load
A single row angular contact ball bearing number 310 is used for an axial flow
Compressor. The bearing is to carry a radial load of 2500 N and an axial or thrust load
5
of 1500 N.Assuming light shock load, determine the rating life
of the bearing.
The rolling contact ball bearings are to be selected to support the overhung
countershaft. The shaft speed is 720 r.p.m. The bearings are to have 99% reliability
corresponding to a life of 24 000 hours. The bearing is subjected to an equivalent
6
radial load of 1 kN. Consider life adjustment factors for operating condition and
material as 0.9 and 0.85 respectively. Find the
basic dynamic load rating of the bearing from manufacturer's catalogue,
 specified at 90% reliability
A shaft rotating at constant speed is subjected to variable load. The bearings
supporting the shaft are subjected to stationary equivalent radial load of 3 kN for
10 per cent of time,2 kN for 20 per cent of time, 1 kN for 30 per cent of time
7
and no load for remaining time of cycle. If the total life
expected for the bearing is 20 × 106 revolutions at 95 per cent reliability, calculate
dynamic load rating of the ball bearing.
A ball bearing operates on the following work cycle

The dynamic load capacity of the bearing is 16 600 N. Calculate 1.The

average speed of rotation;
2. The equivalent radial load; and
3. The bearing life.
A single row deep groove ball bearing operating at 2000 r.p.m. is acted by a 10 kN
9 radial load and 8 kN thrust load. The bearing is subjected to a light shock
load and the outer ring is rotating. Determine the rating life of the bearing.
A rolling contact bearing is subjected to the following work cycle :
(a) Radial load of 6000 N at 150 r.p.m. for 25% of the time;
(b) Radial load of 7500 N at 600 r.p.m. for 20% of the time; and
10
(c) Radial load of 2000 N at 300 r.p.m. for 55% of the time. The inner ring
rotates and loads are steady. Select a bearing for an expected average life of 2500
hours.
The following data is given for a connecting rod
Engine speed= 1500 rpm, Length of connecting rod=320mm, Length of stroke
1 =140mm, Density of material=7830 kg/m3, Thickness of web flanges=6mm.The cross
section of the connecting rod is I section Calculate the whipping stress in
the connecting rod.
Determine the dimensions of an I-section connecting rod for a petrol engine from the
following data: Diameter of the piston = 110 mm; Mass of the reciprocating parts = 2
2 kg; Length of the connecting rod from centre to centre =
325 mm; Stroke length = 150 mm; speed = 1500rpm with possible over speed of 2500;
Compression ratio = 4 : 1; Maximum explosion pressure = 2.5 N/mm2
Determine the diameter of the connecting rod of 150 mm length, subjected to axial
3 compression load of 180 KN taking to be freely hinged at the ends. Take
the factor safety to be 7 and E= 2.15x105N/mm2
Unit 3 The following data is given for the cap and bolts of the big end of a connecting rod
Engine speed=1500rpm; length of connecting rod=320mm; length of stroke=140mm;
mass of reciprocating parts=1.75kg; length of crank pin=54mm; diameter of the crank
4
pin=38mm; permissible tensile stress for the
bolts=120Mpa; permissible bending stress for cap=120Mpa. Calculate the nominal
diameter of the bolts and thickness of the cap for the big end.
Design a cast iron piston for a single acting four stroke engine for the following data:
Cylinder bore = 100 mm ; Stroke = 125 mm ; Maximum gas pressure = 5 N/mm2 ;
Indicated mean effective pressure = 0.75 N/mm2 ; Mechanical efficiency = 80% ;
5
Fuel consumption = 0.15 kg per brake power per hour ;
Higher calorific value of fuel = 42 × 103 kJ/kg ; Speed = 2000 r.p.m. Any other data
required for the design may be assumed.
The following data is given for the piston of a four stroke diesel engine
6
Cylinder bore =120mm; maximum gas pressure =6Mpa ;allowable bearing
 pressure for skirt=0.45Mpa ; ratio of side thrust on liner to maximum gas load on piston
=0.1; width of top land=20mm;width of ring grooves=3mm;total number of piston
rings=4;axial thickness of piston rings=3.5mm; calculate
i) length of skirt ii) length of piston
Design a connecting rod for four stroke petrol engines with the following data. piston
diameter=0.10m; stroke=0.14m; length of the connecting rod from center to center
7 =0.315m weight of reciprocating parts=18.2 N; speed =1500rpm; with possible over
speed of 2500rpm compression ratio=4:1, probable maximum
explosion pressure=2.45Mpa
Design a cast iron piston for a four stroke I.C engine for the following specifications.
Cylinder bore=120mm;stroke length =150mm;maximum gas pressure=5Mpa;break
8
mean effective pressure=0.7 Mpa; fuel consumption
=0.25kg/k W/hr; speed=2400rpm.assume any other data necessary for the design
The following data is given for the piston of a four stroke diesel engine.
Cylinder bore= 100mm,material for piston rings is grey cast iron, allowable tensile
stress=90Mpa,allowable radial pressure on the cylinder wall=0.035Mpa,thickness of the
piston head =16mm,number of piston rings=4,calculate
i)Radial width of piston rings ii)Axial
thickness of the piston rings
9 iii)Gap between the free ends of the piston ring before assembly iv)Gap
between the free ends of the piston ring after assembly v)Width of the
top land
vi) Width of ring grooves
vii) Thickness of piston barrel viii)Thickness
of barrel at the top end

The following data is given for a connecting rod engine speed=1800rpm, length of
connecting rod=350mm, length of stroke=175mm, density of material is 7800 kg/m3
10
thickness of web or flanges=8mm assume suitable cross section calculate
the whipping stress in connecting rod.
A helical spring is made from a wire of 6 mm diameter and has outside diameter of 75
mm. If the permissible shear stress is 350 MPa and modulus of rigidity 84
1
kN/mm2, find the axial load which the spring can carry and the deflection per active
turn.
Design a helical spring for a spring loaded safety valve (Ramsbottom safety valve) for
the following conditions :Diameter of valve seat = 65 mm ; Operating pressure =
0.7N/mm2; Maximum pressure when the valve blows off freely = 0.75N/mm2;
2
Maximum lift of the valve when the pressure rises from 0.7 to 0.75 N/mm2 = 3.5 mm ;
Maximum allowable stress = 550 MPa ; Modulus of rigidity
= 84 kN/mm2; Spring index = 6
The helical compression spring made of oil tempered carbon steel, is subjected to a load
which varies from 400 N to 1000 N. The spring index is 6 and the design factor of safety
Unit 4
is 1.25. If the yield stress in shear is 770 MPa and endurance stress in shear is 350 MPa,
find:
1. Size of the spring wire,
3
2. Diameters of the spring,
3. Number of turns of the spring, and
4. Free length of the spring. The compression of the spring at the maximum load is
30mm. The modulus of rigidity for the spring material may be taken as 80
kN/mm2
Design a leaf spring for the following specifications: Total load = 140 kN ; Number of
springs supporting the load = 4; Maximum number of leaves= 10; Span of the spring =
4
1000 mm ; Permissible deflection = 80 mm.Take Young’s
modulus, E = 200 kN/mm2 and allowable stress in spring material as 600 MPa.
 A closely coiled helical spring is made of 10 mm diameter steel wire, the coil consisting
of 10 complete turns with a mean diameter of 120 mm. The spring carries an axial pull
of 200 N. Determine the shear stress induced in the spring neglecting the effect of stress
5
concentration. Determine also the deflection in the spring, its stiffness and strain energy
stored by it if the modulus of rigidity of the
material is 80 kN/mm2
An engine running at 150 r.p.m. drives a line shaft by means of a belt. The engine
pulley is 750 mm diameter and the pulley on the line shaft is 450 mm. A 900 mm
diameter pulley on the line shaft drives a 150 mm diameter pulley keyed to a dynamo
6
shaft. Fine the speed of dynamo shaft, when
1. There is no slip, and
2. There is a slip of 2% at each drive.
Two pulleys, one 450 mm diameter and the other 200 mm diameter, on parallel shafts
1.95 m apart are connected by a crossed belt. Find the length of the belt required and the
angle of contact between the belt and each pulley. What power can be transmitted by the
7
belt when the larger pulley rotates at 200 rev/min, if the maximum permissible tension
in the belt is 1 kN, and the coefficient of
friction between the belt and pulley is 0.25?
8 Write the Advantages and Disadvantages of V-belt Drive over Flat Belt Drive.
A pulley used to transmit power by means of ropes has a diameter of 3.6 meters and has
15 grooves of 45° angle. The angle of contact is 170° and the coefficient of friction
between the ropes and the groove sides is 0.28. The maximum possible tension in the
9
ropes is 960 N and the mass of the rope is 1.5 kg per
meter length. Determine the speed of the pulley in r.p.m. and the power transmitted if
the condition of maximum power prevails.
10 Briefly explain the different types of flat belt drives.
a) what are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Drives
1
b) Explain Design Considerations for a Gear Drive
2 Discuss the design procedure of spur gear
A Pair of helical gears are to transmit 15 kW. The teeth are 20° stub in diametral plane
and have a helix angle of 45°. The pinion runs at 10 000 r.p.m. and has 80 mm pitch
diameter. The gear has 320 mm pitch diameter. If the gears are made of cast steel
3
having allowable static strength of 100 Mpa; determine a suitable module and face
width from static strength considerations and check the gears
for wear, given σes = 618 MPa.
4 Explain briefly different types of worms and worm gears
A helical cast steel gear with 30° helix angle has to transmit 35 kW at 1500
r.p.m. If the gear has 24 teeth, determine the necessary module, pitch diameter and face
width for 20° full depth teeth. The static stress for cast steel may be taken as 56 MPa.
The width of face may be taken as 3 times the normal pitch. What would be the end
Unit 5
5 thrust on the gear? The tooth factor for 20° full depth involute gear may be taken as

Where TE represents the equivalent number of teeth.

6 Explain design of a shaft for bevel gears

A bronze spur pinion rotating at 600 r.p.m. drives a cast iron spur gear at a transmission
ratio of 4: 1. The allowable static stresses for the bronze pinion and cast iron gear are 84
MPa and 105 MPa respectively. The pinion has 16 standard 20° full depth involute teeth
7
of module 8 mm. The face width of both the gears is 90 mm. Find the power that can
be transmitted from the standpoint of
strength.
8 Briefly explain the terms used in helical gears.
 A triple threaded worm has teeth of 6 mm module and pitch circle diameter of 50 mm.
If the worm gear has 30 teeth of 14½° and the coefficient of friction of the worm gearing
is 0.05, find
9 1. The lead angle of the worm,
2. Velocity ratio,
3. Centre distance, and
4. Efficiency of the worm gearing.
Write the expressions for static strength, limiting wear load and dynamic load
10
for helical gears and explain various terms used there in

SUBJECT FACULTY HOD PRINCIPAL