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Biology Chapter 6

The document is a study guide for Biology Chapter 06, focusing on the nervous system. It includes short answer questions about the brain, types of nerves, neurons, and their functions, as well as long answer questions that distinguish between various components of the nervous system. Key terms such as coordination, neuron, and synapse are defined, and the roles of different brain parts are outlined.

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18 views5 pages

Biology Chapter 6

The document is a study guide for Biology Chapter 06, focusing on the nervous system. It includes short answer questions about the brain, types of nerves, neurons, and their functions, as well as long answer questions that distinguish between various components of the nervous system. Key terms such as coordination, neuron, and synapse are defined, and the roles of different brain parts are outlined.

Uploaded by

dmkakshayanshu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biology Chapter-06

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

1. Name:
(i) Three main parts of the brain.- Cerebrum, cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata
(ii) Three kinds of nerves.- Sensory nerve, Motor nerve, Mixed nerve
(iii) Three kinds of neurons-Sensory neuron.- Motor neuron. Association neuron
(iv) Two divisions of the peripheral nervous system.- Somatic nervous system and
autonomic nervous system.

2. Define the following terms:


(i) Coordination— The interaction of activities of a living being as per the needs of the body
internally or externally is called coordination.
(ii) Neuron—The nervous system is made up of special cells called neurons.
(iii) Synapse—The point of contact between the terminal branch of axon of of another one
neuron and dendrites neuron is called synapse.
(iv) Brain—The part of the central nervous system that controls most of the body's functions,
including movement, thinking, and speech.
(v) Spinal cord —The part of the central nervous system that carries messages between the
brain and the rest of the body.
3. Write one important role of the following:
(i) Cerebellum— Muscular coordination and body balance
(ii) Medulla oblongata— Breathing, digestion and beating of the heart
(iii) Parasympathetic nervous system—Reestablish the normal condition
4. Mention the three functions of spinal cord.
Answer— The three functions of spinal cord:-
1. To control reflexes below the neck.
2. To conduct messages from the skin and muscles to the brain.
3. To conduct commands from the brain to muscles of the trunk and limbs.
5. What are voluntary and involuntary actions? Which part of the nervous system c
them?
Answer— An action that is under the control of one’s will is known voluntary action. it is
controlled by cerebrum and cerebellum.
An action that is not under control o one’s will is called involuntary actions. It is controlled by
medulla oblongata.

LONG QUESTIONS ANSWER


1. Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the [ ] :-

(i) Sensory neuron and Motor neuron [Function]

Sensory neuron Motor neuron

Sensory neurons carry impulses from Motor neurons carry messages from
the sensory cells or sense organs to the brain or spinal cord to the effector-
the spinal cord or brain.
the gland or muscles.

(ii) Cerebrum and Cerebellum. [Location]

Cerebrum Cerebellum

It is located in the fore brain. It is located in hind brain.

(iii) Cranial and Spinal nerves. [Structure of origin]

Cranial Spinal nerves

Cranial nerves originate from the Spinal nerves originate from the spinal
brain. cord.

(iv) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system. [Function]


Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system

It produces immediate fight or flight. It reestablishes the normal conditions.

(v) Motor and Mixed nerves. [Kind of neurons]

Motor nerves Mixed nerves

Motor nerves contain only motor Mixed nerves contain both sensory
neurons. and motor neurons.

2. Draw a neat and labeled diagram of a nerve cell.

3. Given alongside is the figure of a median section of an organ. Study the same and
answer the following questions:
(i) Name the organ and write its location in our body.
Answer— It is the image of brain which is located inside the brain.
(ii) Label the guidelines 1 to 4.
Answer—
1- cerebral hemisphere
2- cerebellum
3-medulla oblongata
4-pituitary
(iii) Write one important function of
hypothalamus.
Answer— One important function of the hypothalamus is maintaining homeostasis, which
means keeping the body's internal environment stable.
(iv) Which of the structures from 1 to 4 is considered as the master gland of the body?
Answer— Based on the image, the structure labeled 4 represents the pituitary gland, which is
considered the master gland of the body.
(v) Mention the basic structural unit of the organ shown in the figure and the organ system to
which it belongs.
Answer— Basic structural unit of brain is neuron and it belongs to nervous system.
4. A part of our nervous system is shown alongside. Study the same and answer the
following questions:
(i) Identify the figure and name it.
Answer— It is the figure of nerve.
(ii) Define the structure shown.
Answer—
(iii) Label the part shown as X.
Answer— X presents the nerves fibres.
(iv) Write the name of the protective, tubular
covering of the structure shown.
Answer— The name of the protective, tubular covering of the structure shown is myelin
sheath.
(v) Mention the names of the three kinds of the structure that is shown in the figure.
Answer— The three kinds of the structure that is shown in the figure are:- Sensory nerve,
Motor nerve, Mixed nerve
5.Briefly describe the structure of the cerebrum in human brain and mention its
functions.
Answer— Cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. It is divided into two halves called the
right and left cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere is internally hollow. The outer surface
of the hemispheres is folded with ridges and grooves which increase the surface of the brain
so as to accommodate a large number of neurons.

The cerebrum has following functions:

1.Intelligence
2.Consciousness
3.Will power
4.Memory

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