1.

Cấu trúc
If + S + Were/ weren’t, S + Would/could/might + V nguyên thể
Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ của mệnh đề if chia ở [bàng thái cách](past
subjunctive). Động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở tương lai trong quá khứ(Future in
the past).
Ví dụ: If the weather weren’t bad, we would go swimming.
2. Cách dùng
- Dùng để diễn tả một hành động/ sự việc không thể xảy ra ở tình huống hiện tại.
Ví dụ: If Kathy bought food for dinner, her mom wouldn’t get angry. (Nếu Kathy mua
thức ăn cho bữa tối, mẹ cô ấy đã không nổi giận. → Sự thật là hiện tại mẹ Kathy đã
bực mình vì con gái đã không mua đồ ăn tối.)
- Dùng để khuyên nhủ ai đó.
Ví dụ: If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her about this news. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không
kể cho cô ấy nghe tin này.)
- Dùng để thể hiện sự trái ngược với khả năng hiện tại của bản thân.
Ví dụ: If Kai had enough money, he could travel around the world this year. (Nếu Kai
có đủ tiền, anh ấy đã có thể du lịch vòng quanh thế giới trong năm nay. → Sự thật là
Kai hiện tại không có khả năng đi du lịch khắp thế giới.)
3. Biến thể của câu điều kiện loại 2
* Biến thể mệnh đề chính:
- If + S+ past simple, S + would /could/might/had to…. + be V-ing
Ví dụ: If I stayed at home, I would be lying on my bed now. (Nếu tôi ở nhà thì giờ này
tôi đang nằm dài trên giường.)
- If + past simple, past simple
Ví dụ: If he were rich, he bought this car. (Nếu anh ta giàu thì anh ta mua chiếc xe
này.)
* Biến thể mệnh đề if:
- If + S + Past Continuous, S + would/could + V-inf
Ví dụ: If you were studying, I wouldn’t disturb you. (Nếu bạn đang học bài thì tôi sẽ
không làm phiền bạn đâu.)
- If + S + Past Perfect, S + would/could + V-inf
Ví dụ: If I hadn’t studied last night, I couldn’t do the test well. (Nếu tối qua không
không học bài thì hôm nay tôi không thể làm bài tập tôt.)
4. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2
Cấu trúc: If + S + V (past simple), S + would/ could + V-inf
Đảo ngữ → Were + S + N/ Adj/ to V, S + would/ could + V-inf
Ví dụ:
If I were you, I wouldn’t eat that snack. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không ăn loại snack đó
đâu.) → Were I you, I wouldn’t eat that snack.
If this exercise weren’t difficult, I would help you. (Nếu bài tập này không quá khó,
tôi sẽ giúp cậu.)
→ Weren’t this exercise so difficult, I would help you.
If you often talked to Lan, she would be happy to go out with you. (Nếu cậu hay nói
chuyện với Lan, cô ấy sẽ rất vui để đi chơi với cậu.)
→ Were you often to talk to Lan, she would be happy to go out with you.
Task 1. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. If I had a typewriter, I __________ (type) it myself.
2. If I __________ (know) his address, I'd give it to you.
3 .He __________ (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
4. If you __________ (play) for lower stake,s you wouldn't lose so much.
5. If he worked more slowly, he __________ (not make) so many mistakes.
Task 2. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. If he __________ (clean) his windscreen, he'd be able to see where he was going.
2. If you drove your car into the river, you __________ (be) able to get out?
3. If you __________ (not belong) to a union, you couldn't get a job.
4. If I __________ (win) a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.
5. What you __________ (do) if you found a burglar in your house?
6. I could tell you what this means if I __________ (know) Greek.
7. If everybody __________ (give) Ј1, we would have enough.
8. He might get fat if he __________ (stop) smoking.
9. If he knew that it was dangerous, he __________ (not come).
10. If you__________ (see) someone drowning, what would you do?
Task 3. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. I __________ (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.
2. If you slept under a mosquito net, you __________ (not be) bitten so often.
3. I could get a job easily if I __________ (have) a degree.
4. If she__________ (do) her hair differently, she might look quite nice.
5. If we had more rain, our crops __________ (grow) faster.
Task 4. Using the given information, make conditional sentences with IF
1. They are poor, so they can’t help us.
→ If they .................................................
2. He doesn’t do his homework. He is always punished.
→ If he .................................................
3. He doesn’t have enough time. He can’t help me.
→ If he .............................................
4. She doesn’t take any exercise, so she is overweight.
→ If she ...................................................
5. He doesn’t have a bicycle, so he always goes to class late.
→ He wouldn’t ...............................................
Task 5. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you __________ (remove) that screw
2. I __________ (keep) a horse if I could afford it. '
3. I'd go and see him more often if he __________ (live) on a bus route.
4. If they __________ (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches there might be less
violence.
5. I __________ (offer) to help if I thought I'd be any use.
Task 6. Using the given information, make conditional sentences with IF
1. I am bad at English, so I can’t do homework.
→ I could .....................................
2. He doesn’t practise speaking French, so he doesn’t speak it fluently.
→ If he ................................................................
3. The meeting can be cancelled because it snows heavily.
→ If it ................................................
4. We don’t go because it will rain.
→ If it ............................
5. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
→ If John ..................................
Task 7. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1) If you__________ (help) your grandma, I__________ (do) the shopping.
2) Andrew__________ (water) the flowers if he__________ (stay) at home.
3) If she__________ (have) 5 pounds more, she__________ (buy) herself this T-shirt.
4) If they__________ (offer) me the job, I__________ (take) it.
5) You_______ (have) summer holidays from June till August if you________ (live) in
the USA.
Task 8. Rewrite the following sentences as directed
1. If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final.(using
inversion with WERE)
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. If she were rich, she would buy a villa. (using inversion with WERE)
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I would build a school for the poor
→ Unless………………………………………………………………………
4. Without the rain, they could not have such good crop. (if)
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. If I didn’t say sorry, I wouldn’t be here. (otherwise)
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. If it weren’t for the view, this would be a lovely room. (But for)
……………………………………………………………………………………
Task 9. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. We__________ (sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron__________ (repair) it.
2. If you__________ (use) a pencil, the drawing__________ (be) perfect.
3. The children__________ (be) happy if he__________ (teach) them English.
4. If Peter__________ ( visit) us, we__________(go) out tonight.
5. They__________ (come) again if he __________ (plan) a second stay.
Task 10. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1. I shouldn't drink that wine if I __________ (be) you.
2. More tourists would come to this country if it __________ (have) a better climate.
3. If I were sent to prison, you __________ (visit) me?
4. If someone __________ (give) you a helicopter, what would you do with it?
5. I __________ (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.
Exercise 1. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (buy) flowers to give her.
2. If my grandfather ______ (be) younger, he ______ (travel) to Japan.
3. If you ______ (agree) to tag along with me, I ______ (not be) upset.
4. If Sarah ______ (earn) enough money, she ______ (pay) off all of the debts.
5. He ______ (be) extremely happy if his girlfriend ______ (accept) his proposal.
6. ______ (you/ buy) a house if you ______ (live) in Vietnam?
7. If Tung and Long ______ (be) older, they ______ (play) in our football team.
8. If Jackson ______ (be) my friend, I ______ (invite) him to my birthday party.
9. If Nam ______ (get) more pocket money, he ______ (ask) Hong out for dinner.
10. If they ______ (win) the lottery, they ______ (fly) to Osaka.
11. If I ______ (meet) Black Pink, I ______ (ask) for their autograph.
12. Johnson ______ (not feel) lonely all the time if he ______ (live) with others.
13. My dad ______ (be) healthier if he ______ (not smoke).
14. It ______ (be) great if she ______ (trust) me.
15. If I ______ (not speak) Chinese, ______ (you/ understand) me?
16. If we ______ (win) the prize, we ______ (travel) to visit Eiffel Tower.
17. If my father ______ (have) a high-paying job, my family ______ (be) better a lot.
18. You ______ (have) a good job promotion if you ______ (get) an IELTS degree.
19. Her family ______ (be) on holiday if the weather ______ (not be) too cold.
20. If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (take) a course at that language center.
21. If your sister ______ (water) her plants regularly, they ______ (not die) so easily.
22. If my brother ______ (get) up early, he ______ (not get) stuck in traffic jams.
23. Karik ______ (not have) dark circles under his eyes if he ______ (go) to bed at 10
p.m every day.
24. We ______ (not be) late again if we ______ (not travel) by bus.
25. If you ______ (eat) more, you ______ (gain) the weight.
26. If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (meet) him at a coffee shop.
27. They ______ (see) each other often if they ______ (live) closer.
28. If it ______ (not rain), Jimmy ______ (go) to work on time.
29. If I ______ (be) more careful, I ______ (not make) that stupid mistake.
30. My parents ______ (feel) less stressed if they ______ (know) how to balance life
and work.
Đáp án:

1. were – would buy 2. were – would travel 3. agreed – wouldn’t be

4. earned – would pay 5. would be – accepted 6. Would you buy – lived

7. were – would play 8. were – would invite 9. got – would ask

10. won – would fly 11. met – would ask 12. wouldn't feel – lived

13. would be – didn't smoke 14. would be – trusted 15. didn't speak – would
you understand

16. won – would travel 17. had – would be 18. would have – got

19. would be – wasn't 20. were – would take 21. watered – wouldn't die

22. got – wouldn't get 23. would have – went 24. wouldn't be – didn't
travel

25. ate – would gain 26. were – would meet 27. would see – lived

28. didn't rain – would go 29. were – wouldn't make 30. would feel – knew

Exercise 2. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I ______ (visit) Philip’s friend if I ______ (have) her address.
A. visited – had
B. would visit – had
C. would visit – have
2. If Sany ______ (have) free time, he ______ (come) to Linda’s party.
A. had – would come
B. had – will come
C. had – came
3. They ______ (save) more money if they ______ (not buy) those goods.
A. would save – didn’t buy
B. would save – don’t buy
C. saved – don’t buy
4. If they ______ (decide) to stay here, they ______ (spend) more time for each other.
A. decided – spent
B. decided – will spend
C. decided – would spend
5. If we ______ (talk) about this topic, Ahn ______ (be) very happy.
A. talked – will be
B. talked – would be
C. talked – was
6. If I were you, I ______ (not drink) red wine.
A. wouldn’t drink
B. won’t drink
C. didn’t drink
7. If Lanny ______ (live) in Vietnam, she ______ (speak) Vietnamese fluently.
A. lived – could speak
B. lived – spoke
C. lived – will speak
8. They ______ (get) the trophy if they ______ (win) the match.
A. got – won
B. will get – won
C. would get – won
9. If Lam ______ (shave) his head, her parents ______ (be) mad.
A. shaved – would be
B. shaved – will be
C. shaved – were
10. If I ______ (catch) that bus, I ______ (go) to school on time.
A. caught – went
B. caught – will go
C. caught – would go
11. What ______ (Chi/ do) if she ______ (fail) the entrance exam?
A. did Chi do – failed
B. will Chi do – failed
C. would Chi do – failed
12. If you ______ (do) exercise regularly, you ______ (not get) ill.
A. did – won’t get
B. did – wouldn’t get
C. did – don’t get
13. Where ______ (you/ choose) if you ______ (travel) around the world?
A. would you choose – traveled
B. do you choose – traveled
C. will you choose – traveled
14. If they ______ (live) in America for 2 years, their English ______ (improve).
A. lived – will improve
B. lived – would improve
C. lived – improved
15. If David ______ (act) more friendly, more people ______ (like) to talk to him.
A. acted – liked
B. acted – will like
C. acted – would like
Đáp án:

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B

6. A 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C

11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C

Exercise 3. Find and correct the mistakes.

1. Loren won’t be lost if he bought a city map.
2. If Sam talks about her problems, she would feel much better.
3. If they borrowed books from libraries early, they will save more money.
4. If I are you, I would go to the party with Jean.
5. If I met BTS, I will take a picture with them.
6. I will feel delighted if I went out with you.
Đáp án:
1. won't be lost → wouldn't be lost
2. talks → talked
3. will save → would save
4. are → were
5. will take → would take
6. will feel → would feel
Exercise 4. Rewrite the sentences using “if”.
1. My boss doesn’t let me take a rest. I feel exhausted now.
2. I’m not going to buy this car for you because it wastes too much money.
3. The weather is not good today. We can’t go out for a walk.
4. They don’t tell her the truth. She is very upset now.
5. I don’t know Ronald’s address so I can’t send him the party invitation.
Đáp án:
1. If my boss let me take a rest, I wouldn't feel exhausted now.
2. If this car didn't waste too much money, I would buy it for you.
3. If the weather were good today, we could go out for a walk.
4. If they told her the truth, she wouldn't be upset now.
5. If I knew Ronald's address, I could send him the party invitation.
Exercise 5. Underline and correct the mistakes in these sentences. Write
“True” if the sentence is right.
1. He won’t be lost if he bought a map.
2. If we used less electricity, we would save our planet.
3. If he drives faster, he would go to school on time.
4. If we borrowed books from libraries, we won’t have to buy them.
5. I would prepare dinner if I came back home earlier.
6. If I are you, I would go to the party.
7. If I met Brad Pitt, I will take a picture with him.
8. He would learn Karate if he had more time.
9. I will feel better if I went out with you.
10. If you went to school by bike more often, you would be healthier.
Đáp án:

1. won’t be → wouldn’t be 2. True

3. drives → drove 4. won’t have → wouldn’t have

5. True 6. are → were

7. will take → would take 8. True

9. will feel → would feel 10. True

Exercise 6. Fill in the blank with the right form with the second conditional
sentence.
1. If Dean _______ (be) here, he _______ (help) us.
2. What _______ (you/ do) if you _______ (see) a vampire?
3. If I _______ (find) some money on the road by chance, I _______ (take) it to the
police.
4. If they _______ (travel) by train, they _______ (not be) late.
5. Sarah _______ (not be) worried if you _______ (tell) her the truth.
6. If you _______ (be) an idol, what kind of song _______ (you/ perform)?
7. He _______ (not meet) her if he _______ (stay) at home tonight.
8. What _______ (she/ do) if she _______ (lose) her keys?
9. If I _______ (know) how to solve the problem, I _______ (do) it.
10. Their parents _______ (not be) sad if they _______ (not fail) the exam.
Đáp án:

1. were – would help 2. would you do – saw

3. found – would take 4. traveled – wouldn’t be

5. wouldn’t be – told 6. were – would you perform

7. wouldn’t meet – stayed 8. would she do – lost

Bài tập: Viết lại câu
1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there
→ She’d ……………………………………………………………….
2. I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there
→ I’d ………………………………………………………………..
3. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert
→ If I ………………………………………………………………...
4. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they
didn’t grow.
→ If the children ………………………………………………………..
5. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution
→ If they …………………………………………………………….
6. He sits around too much. He isn’t fit.
→ If he ………………………………………………………………
7. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying..
→ If Carol ……………………………………………………
8. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
→ If Rita ………………………………………………………
9. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much.
→ If she …………………………………………………….
10. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart
→ If he ……………………………………………………..
11. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car
→ If he ……………………………………………………..
12. My house is guarded by two big dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into
every night
→ If my house …………………………………………………………
13. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
→ If the flats …..………………………………………………………..
14. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you
→ If I …………………………………………………………………….
15. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children
→ If she ………………………………………………………………….
16. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened.
→ They ……………………………………………………………..
17. I am not tall enough to join the basketball team
→ If I ……………………………………………………………………
18. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car
→ If he ………………………………………………………………….
19. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well
→ If Peter ………………………………………………………………
20. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.
→ If Mary ………………………………………………………………
21. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
→ If you………………………………………………………………….
22. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.
→ If he ………………………………………………………………….
23. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.
→ If we …………………………………………………………………
24. They do not understand you because you do not often talk to them.
→ If you …………………………………………………………………
25. If I meet him, I (tell)______ him to come see you immediately
26. If Julia (repair) ______this old computer, he (use) ______it for another two years.
27. If I were you, I (go)______ to that seminar for more expertise.
28. You (do)______ everything more perfectly if you listen to what I say.
29. If he (win) _______ the contest this time, he (be)______ very rich…
30. If she (work)______ lazily, she would be fired.
31. If Jenny (have)______ more time, she will complete the entry very much better.
32. If it (rain)______ heavily, everyone has to postpone flight to Tokyo.
33. If I (know)______ that you felt tired, I (come) ______ to drive you.
34. If Jack (clean) ______ his house clean, he will be rewarded with candy from his
mother.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. She’d live in London if she knew someone there.
2. I’d live in the country if I could find a job there.
3. If I had a spare ticket, I’d take you to the concert.
4. If the schoolchildren watered some seeds, they would grow.
5. If they understood the problem, they’d find the solution.
6. If he didn’t sit around too much, he’d be fit.
7. If Carol hadn’t been studying, she’d have answered the phone.
8. If Rita had got some sleep last night, she wouldn’t be exhausted today.
9. If she weren’t/wasn’t too thin, she wouldn’t feel cold so much.
10. If he polished his shoes, he’d look smart.
11. If he could park near his office, he’d come by car.
12. If my house were/was guarded by two big dogs, it’d be broken into every night.
13. If the flats were clearly numbered, it’d be easy/wouldn’t be difficult to find
someone/anyone.
14. If I knew her e-mail address, I could tell you.
15. If she didn’t work in the evening, she’d have time to play with her children.
16. They’d be upset if I told them what happened.
17. If I were/was tall enough, I would join the basketball team.
18. If he saw the signal, he’d stop his car.
19. If Peter prepared his lessons well, he wouldn’t get bad marks/would get good
marks.
20. If Mary had enough money, she’d buy a new car.
21. If you don’t go right now, you’ll be late for the train.
22. If he had enough qualifications, he’d apply for the job.
23. If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late for the exam.
24. If you often talked to them, they’d understand you.
If you spoke English naturally, they’d understand you.
25. If I meet him, I will tell him to come see you immediately
26. If Julia had repaired this old computer, he could have used it for another two
years.
27. If I were you, I would go to that seminar for more expertise.
28. You can do everything more perfectly if you listen to what I say.
29. If he wins the contest this time, he will be very rich…
30. If she worked lazily, she would be fired.
31. If Jenny has more time, she will complete the entry very much better.
32. If it rains heavily, everyone has to postpone flight to Tokyo.
33. If I had known that you felt tired, I would have come to drive you.
34. If Jack cleans his house clean, he will be rewarded with candy from his mother.