FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR TANK 5700 M3

1. SOIL DATA
The soil data used in the design of the 5700 m3 tank foundation is based on the soil investigation report
conducted by PT. Spectra Duta Karya in October 2024. There are 2 deep drilling points that have been
carried out which are accompanied by SPT tests.

Based on the drilling results, a hard soil layer was found at a depth of 17 - 18 m with an NSPT value > 60
blows/ft. For the design of the tank foundation, this will refer to point BH-2 which has the most critical
stratigraphy.

The pile foundation for the 5700 3 tank is planned to use a minipile foundation with dimensions of 300x300
mm.

2. PILE FOUNDATION CAPACITY

2.1 Axial Capacity
The static ultimate bearing capacity of pile is calculated using the following equation:
Qult = Qf + QP = fs.As + qP.AP
Where:
Qf = skin friction resistance, kN
QP = end bearing capacity, kN
fs = unit skin friction, kN/m2
qP = unit end bearing capacity, kN/m2
Ap = gross end area of pile, m2
As = side surface area of pile, m2

For analysis axial capacity for driven pile will use Meyerhoff method as a conservative mtehod. The unit skin
friction is calculated by using the following formula:

(1) Cohesive soil

Skin friction bearing capacity of Pile on cohesive soils can use the  method which is stated by formula:

Qs  Su pL

Where:  = adhesion factor

su = undrained shear strength (usualy was take at, su = 5.NSPT)
p = perimeter of pile
L = pile length embedded
Adhesion factors with undrained shear strength values in the U.S Army Corps method are shown in the
following figure:
 Correlation between adhesion factor and undrained shear strength.

(2) Cohesionless soil

The skin friction on cohesionless soils according APIRP2A (2000) method expressed as:
Qs = fo..l.p
where:
fs = unit skin friction
p = perimeter of pile
l = length of pile

The magnitude of unit skin friction (fs) value based on NSPT according to Meyerhoff (1976) is given by
following equation:
fs = 2.N60 (where N60 was NSPT corrected value)

The unit end bearing is calculated by using the following formula:

(1) Cohesive soil
Using Meyerhoff formula:
qP = 9.su
where:
qP = unit end bearing, kN/m2
su = undrained shear strength of the soil at end ( su = 5.NSPT)

(2) Cohesionless soil

According to Meyerhof (1976), the unit end (point or tip) resistance q p in tons per square feet (tsf) of driven
piles in cohesionless soils can be estimated by the following relationship:

q p=40× N 60 × ( DL ) ≤ 400 × N 60

Where:
 qp = unit end bearing capacity
N60 = N-SPT value corrected for field procedures and overburden test near the pile tip
B = base diameter of pile
L = depth of pile

Pullout capacity for driven pile was calculated as following:

a. The Pullout capacity of the driven pile is obtained from dividing skin friction capacity of pile by the value
of the safety factor (taken as 3) and adding the weight of the pile along the depth under consideration.

2.2 Lateral Capacity

Pile foundation will support not only axial load but also lateral load. To estimate lateral load capacity of a
single pile, the following condition and design criterions must be considered.

 Pile foundation is categorized as Short Pile if the soil strength were exceeding, so that the pile was
pushed into the soil mass.
 Pile foundation is categorized as Long Pile if the pile strength were exceeding, so that the pile was
failed or bended.
 Pile foundation must strong enough to support the lateral load with sufficient factor of safety
 Lateral deformation is limited according to the structural requirement

Pile Foundation Lateral Load and Moment M, (a) Defleksion : (b) Slope dy/dx ; (c) Moment (d) Shear (e) Soil
Reaction (Reese & Mattlock. 1956)

Lateral load capacity of pile is analyzed by using p-y curves method, with soil characteristics, single pile or
group pile characteristics and soil pile interaction. Pile lateral capacity is estimated according to the allowable
pile head deformation. The amount of allowable deformation is 10 mm for Design Service Load and dan 25
mm for Ultimate Load design for a single pile with free head condition. The formula used to estimate lateral
load and moment capacity of a single pile is described below;
 d4 Y d2 Y
EI +Q −R−P q =0
dZ 4 dZ 2

Where,

Q = Lateral load of pile

Y = Lateral deflection at Depth Z
Z = The depth of pile
R = Soil reaction per unit length
E = Elastic Modulus of pile
I = Moment inertia of pile
Pq = Load distribution along the pile

d3 Y dY d2 Y dY
EI +Q =P EI =M EI =St
dZ 3 dZ dZ 2 dZ
Where:

P = Shear in the pile

M = Moment in the pile
St = Slope deflection in the pile

According to Broms, 1964, for cohesive clay soil, the lateral bearing capacity of the pile and the ultimate
moment of the pile are as follows;

Short pole condition;

Hu = 9 Cu B (L - 1.5 B)

Mu = 4.5 Cu B (L2 – 2.25 B2)

Long pole condition;

Hu = 2 Mu / (1.5 B + 0.5 Xo)

Xo = Hu / (9 Cu B)

Where :

Hu = Ultimate lateral force

Mu = Ultimate moment of pile foundation
Cu = Undrained shear strength of soil
L = Length of pile foundation
B = Width or diameter of the pile foundation
 Ultimate lateral bearing capacity for short piles in cohesive soil, Broms, 1964

Ultimate lateral bearing capacity for long piles in cohesive soil, Broms, 1964

Allowable lateral load capacity of pile.

Based on standard, the lateral load capacity of pile is determined according to the allowable lateral
deformation of pile head. The following table summarized the allowable pile head movement both for static
and seismic loading condition.
Axial Capacity Minipile 300x300 mm at BH-1
Axial Capacity Minipile 300x300 mm at BH-2
 Lateral Load vs Deflection Lateral Load vs Momen
90 90

80 80

70 70

60 60
Lateral Load (kN)

Lateral Load (kN)

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Deflection (mm ) Momen (kN.m )

Minipile specification Moment crack criteria Gravity criteria Nominal criteria Overstrength criteria
Tipe pondasi Dimension Momen crack All. Lateral Deflection All. Lateral Deflection All. Lateral Deflection All. Lateral Deflection
(mm) (kN.m) load (kN) (mm) load (Kn) (mm) load (Kn) (mm) load (Kn) (mm)
Minipile type C 300x300 44.8 54 17 31 6.25 45 12.5 67 25
Notes:
- Allowable lateral load at gravity criteria was based on permanent load (deflection 0.25")
- Allowable lateral load at nominal criteria was based on service load with design earthquake (deflection 0.5")
- Allowable lateral load at overstrength criteria was based on service load with ultimate earthquake (deflectioin 1")

Lateral capacity minipile 300x300 mm

3. DESIGN OF TANK FOUNDATION
From the calculation results above, the 300x300 mm minipile foundation design is recommended up to a
depth of 18 m with the following bearing capacity values.

- Axial compression capacity : 852 kN

- Axial pullout capacity : 248 kN
- Lateral capacity : 45 kN

The 5700 m3 tank structure has an inner diameter of 19240 mm and a height of 18160 mm. From the design
drawing, configuration pile foundation for tank structure 5700 m3 was given as following figure.

The minipile foundation is designed with a circular foundation with a number of minipiles to meet the
structural safety criteria. The design analysis of the minipile foundation for a 5700 m3 tank is carried out
using the following spreadsheet.
GENERAL DATA
Concrete strength fc 290 kg/cm2
Steel yield_deformed fy 4200 kg/cm2
Steel yield_plain fys 2400 kg/cm2
Unit weight of concrete gc 2.4 t/m3
Unit weight of Steel gst 7.85 t/m3
DETAIL CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR PILE FOUNDATION OF TANK
Form.
Description Name Formulas & References UNIT Circle
Mgr Value Refer
Data of Soil
Location BH Soil Ivest.Report - BH-2 Data
Data of Pile BH-2
Pile dimension dp m 0.3 Data
Pile length Lp Soil Ivest.Report m 18 Data
Allow.Compress of single pile Pal Soil Ivest.Report ton 85.2 Data
Allow.Tension of single pile Tal Soil Ivest.Report ton 24.8 Data
Allow.Lateral of single pile Hal Soil Ivest.Report ton 4.5 Data
Allow.Moment of single Pile Mall Mall = Mcrack t-m 4.5 Data
Length
Tank Dimension
Height of Tank Ht ME-Data m 18.16 Data
Inside Diameter ID ME-Data m 19.24 Data
Outside diamter OD ID+0.014 m 19.25 Cal
Diameter of baseplate dbp m 20.5 Data
Dimension of Foundation
Min outside dimensi of pedestal dpmin Max(dbp+0.1, bcd+AB+0.2, bcd+3db, OD+0.3) m 20.5 Cal
Outside dimensi of Pedestal used dop Input T&E: dpmin≤ dop ≤(dpmin+1) m 20.5 Input
Pedestal width used bp m 0.6 Input
Outside dimensi of Found.used do dop ≤ do ≤ (dop+2) -- Try & error 20.5 Input
Foundation Shape shape - Circle Cal
Height of Footing slab hf StdD400>=500mm m 0.5 Input
Total height of foundation Hft hf+hp m 0.5 Cal
Volume & Weight of Found.
Volume of footing slab Vof Varies base on "shape" m3 165 Cal
Total weight of Found Wft Vof*gc+Vop*gc+Vosf*gsf ton 396.1 Cal
Primary Loading Data
Dead Load D_ = Wft ton 396.1 Cal
Equipment - Empty Ee ME-Data ton 60 Data
Equipment - Operation Eo ME-Data ton 5700 Data
Seismic - Lateral force Hv ME-Data ton 286.4 Data
Seismic - Moment at bottom slab Mvb Mv + Hv*(hp+hf/2) t.m 358 Cal
Total Load on Foundation
Total Vertical Load Maximum VTm max(D+Ee, D+Eo, 0.83(D+Et)) ton 5760 Cal
Total Horiz.load maximum HTm max(Hv, Hw) ton 286.4 Cal
Estimate Number of Pile
Number pile b/o axial cap. npa VTm/Pal nos 67.61 Cal
Number pile b/o lateral cap. nph (HTm-Hres)/Hal nos 60.63 Cal
Estimated number of pile npe max(npa, nph) nos 67.61 Cal
Number of piles used np np ≥ npe (Input = Try & error) nos 97 Input
Number of Pile Circle
Min.distance pile to edge of found semin 1.2*dp m 0.36 Cal
Minimum distance between pile spmin 3*dp m 0.9 Cal
Maximum outer diam of pile circle dcmax (do - 2*semin); varies b/o shape m 19.78 Cal
Dimensi of equiv. square area bse sqrt(π/4.dcmax^2) m 17.53 Cal
Number pile for each side of esa nse sqrt(npu) nos 9.849 Cal
Estimate distance btwn pile circle sce bse/(nse-1) ≥ spmin m 1.981 OK
Estimated number of circles nce nse/2 nos 4.924 Cal
Number of circles used nc nc ≈ nce nos 8 Input
Pile Arrangement (Try & Error) For use in pile L/O drawings
Circle-1 (C1) Cir1 Circle number - 1 Cal
Estimate Diameter of C1 d1e d1e = dcmax m 19.78 Cal
Used: Diameter of C1 d1_ d1 ≤ dcmax (Try & Error) m 20 Input
Estimate number of pile in C1 n1e π.d1_/Sce nos 31.72 Cal
Used: Number of pile in C1 n1_ n1 ≥ n1e (Try & Error) nos 23 Input
Distance between pile in C1 s1_ d1*sin(π/n1) ≥ Spmin m 2.72 OK
Distance pile C1 to edge slab Se IF(shape="Recta", (do-d1*Cos( π/4))/2, (do-d1_)/2) >= semin m 4.32 OK
Circle-2 (C2) Cir2 Circle number - 2 Cal
Estimate Diameter of C2 d2e if(Cir2=2, d1-d1/nc, "none") m none Cal
Used: Diameter of C2 d2_ d2 ≈ d2e (Try & Error) m 18 Input
Estimate number of pile in C2 n2e If(Cir2=2, π.d2/Sce, "None") nos 28.55 Cal
Used: Number of pile in C2 n2_ n2 ≥ n2e (Try & Error) nos 20 Input
Distance between pile in C2 s2_ If(Cir2=2, d2*sin(π/n2),none)≥Spmin m 1.98 OK
Circle-3 (C3) Cir3 Circle number - 3 Cal
Estimate Diameter of C2 d2e if(Cir2=2, d1-d1/nc, "none") m none Cal
Used: Diameter of C2 d2_ d2 ≈ d2e (Try & Error) m 15 Input
Estimate number of pile in C2 n2e If(Cir2=2, π.d2/Sce, "None") nos 23.79 Cal
Used: Number of pile in C2 n2_ n2 ≥ n2e (Try & Error) nos 17 Input
Distance between pile in C2 s2_ If(Cir2=2, d2*sin(π/n2),none)≥Spmin m 1.98 OK
Circle-4 (C4) Cir4 Circle number - 4 Cal
Estimate Diameter of C2 d2e if(Cir2=2, d1-d1/nc, "none") m 12.5 Cal
Used: Diameter of C2 d2_ d2 ≈ d2e (Try & Error) m 12 Input
Estimate number of pile in C2 n2e If(Cir2=2, π.d2/Sce, "None") nos 1.885 Cal
Used: Number of pile in C2 n2_ n2 ≥ n2e (Try & Error) nos 14 Input
Distance between pile in C2 s2_ If(Cir2=2, d2*sin(π/n2),none)≥Spmin m 11.94 OK
Circle-5 (C5) Cir5 Circle number - 5 Cal
Estimate Diameter of C2 d2e if(Cir2=2, d1-d1/nc, "none") m 9.5 Cal
Used: Diameter of C2 d2_ d2 ≈ d2e (Try & Error) m 9 Input
Estimate number of pile in C2 n2e If(Cir2=2, π.d2/Sce, "None") nos 14.27 Cal
Used: Number of pile in C2 n2_ n2 ≥ n2e (Try & Error) nos 11 Input
Distance between pile in C2 s2_ If(Cir2=2, d2*sin(π/n2),none)≥Spmin m 1.97 OK
Circle-6 (C6) Cir6 Circle number 6 Cal
Estimate Diameter of C3 d3e If(Cir3=3, d2-d1c/nc, "None") m 6.5 Cal
Used: Diameter of C3 d3_ d3 ≈ d3e (try & error) m 6 Input
Estimate number of pile in C3 n3e if(Cir3=3, π.d3/Sce,"none") nos 9.515 Cal
Used: Number of pile in C3 n3_ n3 ≥ n3e (Try & Error) nos 7 Input
Distance between pile in C3 s3_ If(Cir3=3, d3*sin(π/n3),none) ≥ spmin m 2.60 OK
Circle-7 (C7) Cir7 Circle number 7 Cal
Estimate Diameter of C4 d4e IF(Cir4=4, d3-d1/nc, "None") m 3.5 Cal
Used: Diameter of C4 d4_ d4 ≈ d4x (try & error) m 3 Input
Estimate number of pile in C4 n4e IF(Cir4=4, π.d4/Sce, "None") nos 4.758 Cal
Used: Number of pile in C4 n4_ n4 ≥ n4e (try & error) nos 4 Input
Distance between pile in C4 s4_ IF(Cir4=4, d4*SIN( π/n4),"None") ≥ spmin m 2.12 OK
Center Center Center -
Number of pile used in center n0 n0 = (1 or 0) nos 1 Input
Distance center to latest circle s0 IF(n0=1, d1/(2*nc), d1/nc*0.8) m 1.25 Cal
Total Number of Piles npt = Σ( nic) should be = np nos 97 OK
Total Inertia of Pile Ip = 1/8*Σ(nic*dic^2) m2 1297 Cal
Efficiency Pile Group Capacity
Minimum spacing of pile in circles sp Min(s1, IF(Cir2=2, s2, s1), IF(Cir3=3,s3,s1), IF(Cir4=4,s4,s1), IF(n0=1, s0, s1)) m 1.25 Cal
Efficiency axial cap in group eg If(sp>=3.dp, 1, 0.7) - 1 Cal
Efficiency Lateral cap in group ng If(sp>=3.dp, 1, 0.7) - 1 Cal
Allow compres single pile in group Pall Pal*eg ton 85.2 Cal
Allow tension single pile in group Tall Tal*eg ton 24.8 Cal
Allow Lateral single pile in group Hall Hal*ng ton 4.5 Cal
Check Compression of pile
Erection/Maint. Condition Pa1 ton 4.70 Cal
Erection/Maint. cond+Seismic Pa2 ton 3.55 Cal
Erection/Maint. cond+Wind Pa3 ton 3.90 Cal
Operation condition Pa4 ton 62.85 Cal
Operation condition+Seismic Pa5 ton 49.20 Cal
Operation condition+Wind Pa6 ton 47.51 Cal
Test condition Pa7 ton 14.24 Cal
Test condition+Wind Pa8 ton 13.02 Cal
Maximum compress of pile Pmax max(Pa1, …, Pa8) ton 62.85 Cal
Resume and Check Check if(Pmax<=Pall, OK, NOT) Check OK Cal
Check Lateral of Pile
Maximum Total horiz..load Hmax ton 286.4 Cal
Max.horiz force on one pile Hpile ton 2.952 Cal
Resume and Check Check if(Hpile<=Hall, OK, NOT) Check OK Cal

From calculation above, pile foundation as design with number of minipile used was 97 piles was met for
safety criteria.