Ministry of Higher Education

Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta

Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (1)

1. What is the mathematical model and what is the dynamic response of a system?
2. A typical distillation column is shown in Fig. 1 together with the known information for each
stream. Write all equations corresponding to this distillation process and solve for unknowns
in feed stream is 100 tons/day. What is the % recovery of alcohol in distillate? and what %
alcohol lost in waste stream?

Fig. (1) Fig. (2)

3. Write the balances equations in process presented in Fig. (2) and solve for the unknown
stream variables:
4. For an isothermal reaction in a batch reactor, component A converted to component B at a
specific rate constant k
A B
Derive the mathematical models that describe dynamic behavior for both A and B
concentration. Taking into account at zero time CA=CA0 , CB=0
5. Consider a storage tank as shown in the following figure. Assume that the flow rate of the
free effluent stream is linear function of the liquid level (F = 2h). Derive the mathematical
model which describes the system.

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (2)

1. Write the general low of conservation of mass (overall and component material balance) for
steady and unsteady processes.

2. Fluid is flowing through a constant-diameter cylindrical pipe sketched in the following Fig.
The flow is turbulent and therefore we can assume plug-flow conditions, i.e., each “slice” of
liquid flows down the pipe as a unit. There are no radial gradients in velocity or any other
properties. However, axial gradients can exist. Derive the mathematical modeling which
describes this system.
dz
V (t, z)
ρ (t, z)

z=0 z z+dz z=L

3. Consider a tank of perfectly mixed liquid, that a chemical reaction takes place in the liquid
in the tank. The system is now a CSTR (continuous stirred-tank reactor) as shown in the
following Fig.. Component A reacts irreversibly and at a specific reaction rate k to form
product, component B. Derive all mathematical equations available for this reactor.
F0 , ρ0
CA0 , CB0

F
ρ
V , ρ CA
CA , CB CB

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (3)

1. Consider the storage tank presented in the following figure with the associated data. F1 is the
input stream and the fluid exit from F2 and F3 streams. The flow rate F2 is calculated
according to the following proportional control law:
F2 = 10 ( 5 – h ) + 1
Derive all models can be derived for this system in a general form and specify it according the
associated data.
F1 = ? m3/min

A = 1m2

F1 = 2 m3/min
F2 = ? m3/min
F2

Pump
2. Derive the model (mathematical equation) for the liquid level system shown in the following
figure when:
a- The tank level operates about the steady state of hs = 1ft.
b- The tank level operates about the steady state value of hs = 3ft. The pump remove
water at a constant rate of 10 ft3/min, this rate is independent of head. The cross-
section area of the tank is 1 ft2 and the resistance R is 0.5 ft/(ft3/min).

q ft3/min
10 ft3/min

3. Repeat the above problem with a valve characteristic are where q is the flow rate
3
ft /min and h is the level above the valve, ft. Put you derived model in the simplest form.

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (4)

1. Two streams 1 and 2 are being mixed in a well stirred tank, producing a product stream 3.
Each of the two feed streams is composed of two components A and B, with molar
concentrations CA1, AB1 and CA2 , CB2 respectively. Also let F1 and F2 be the volumetric flow
rates of the two streams (m3/min), finally let CA3, CB3 and F3 be the concentration of A , B and
flow of the product steam respectively. Write the state equations available for this system.
2. Derive the mathematical equation for mercury thermometer used to measure the temperature
of a liquid medium.
3. Two streams 1 and 2 are being mixed in a well stirred tank, producing a product stream 3 as
shown in figure. Each of the two feed streams is composed of two components A and B, with
molar concentrations CA1, CB1 and CA2 , CB2 respectively. Also let F1 and F2 be the volumetric
flow rates of the two streams (m3/min) and T1 and T2 their corresponding temperatures, finally
let CA3, CB3 , F3 and T3 be the concentration, flow, and temperature of the product steam. A
coil is also immersed in the liquid of the tank and it is used to supply heat to the system with
steam or remove heat with cooling water. Write the state equations available for this system.

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (5)

1. A CSTR shown in Fig. 1, Component A reacts irreversibly at a specific reaction rate k to form
product, component B according to the following reaction,
A B
A cooling coil inside the tank used to remove the exothermic heat of reaction λ (Btu/lb-mol of
A reacted or Cal/g-mol of A reacted). The rate of heat generation (energy per time) due to
reaction is the rate of consumption of A times λ. Assuming a simple first-order reaction, the
rate of consumption of reactant A per unit volume will be directly proportional to the
instantaneous concentration of A in the tank. Derive the available models for energy balance
in variables, internal energy, enthalpy and temperature.

2. A plug-flow tubular reactor where temperature changes as the fluid flows down the pipe (z
direction). We will assume no radial gradients in velocity, concentration, or temperature.
Suppose that the reactor has a cooling jacket around it as shown in Fig 2. Heat can be
transferred from the process fluid reactants and products at temperature T to the metal wall of
the reactor at temperature TM. The heat is subsequently transferred to the cooling water. Find
the energy equation for the process.

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (6)

1. Using your information in heat transfer, prove the

mathematical model which describe temperature change in a
wall having an internal heat generation per unit volume (Q), T0 A
the wall constructed from a material of thermal conductivity, k.
Assuming uniform boundary conditions and the heat flows in Tw Tw
one direction only (x-direction) through an area of heat
transfer, A. The temperature at any point in wall is T and at qx qx
centerline is T0 and at wall is Tw.

-x -x

2. Consider a problem of heat removal from a bath of hot solvent

by immersing steel rods into the bath and allowing the heat to
dissipate from the hot solvent bath through the rod and thence
to the atmosphere as shown in Fig. Find the equation which
simulate the rod temperature with the other parameters in the
following cases:

a. The rod temperature is uniform, that is, from the bath to the
atmosphere. Ignore heat transfer at the two flat ends of the
rod, Overall heat transfer coefficients are known and
constant, and No solvent evaporates from the solvent air
interface.
b. the rod temperament below the solvent liquid surface is uniform at a value T1, Ignore
heat transfer at the two flat ends of the rod, Overall heat transfer coefficients are known
and constant, and No solvent evaporates from the solvent air interface.

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (7)

1. The gravity-flow tank system, presented in the following Fig, provides a simple example of
the application of the equations of motion to a macroscopic system. Let the length of the exit
line be L (m) , long pipe, and its cross-sectional area be Ap, (m2). The vertical cylindrical tank
has a cross-sectional area of A, (m2).
F0

h
F0

The part of this process that is described by a force balance is the liquid flowing through the
pipe. Assumed plug-flow conditions and incompressible liquid with a density ρ, therefore all
the liquid is moving at the same velocity v, more or less like a solid rod. If the flow is
turbulent, this is not a bad assumption. The frictional force due to the viscosity of the liquid is
proportional to the square of the velocity and the length of the pipe. Write all models which
can be derived from this situation. F0
2. An incompressible fluid has a density, ρ is pumped into a
cone-shaped tank. The flow exit at the tank bottom is R
proportional to the square root of the liquid height, h in the
tank. Derive the mathematical model describe this system.
H
h

F k h

3. Consider a system in which temperature can change with time. An irreversible, exothermic
reaction is carried out in a single perfectly mixed CSTR as shown below:
A Product
th
The reaction is n -order in reactant A and has a
heat of reaction λ (Btu/lb. mol of A reacted).
Negligible heat losses and constant densities are
assumed. To remove the heat of reaction, a
cooling jacket surrounds the reactor. Cooling
water is added to the jacket at a volumetric flow
rate Fj and with an inlet temperature of Tjo. The V, T, CA
volume of water in the jacket Vj is constant.
Develop a dynamic model that describe the
behavior of the system

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (8)

1. Consider two heated tanks presented in the following Fig., in which two energy balances are
needed to model the system. The flow rate F of oil passing through two perfectly mixed tanks
in series is constant. The density ρ of the oil is constant, and its heat capacity Cp is also
constant. The volumes of the first and the second tank are constant and equal V1 and V2
respectively. The temperature of the oil entering the first tank is T0 and is 150°F at the initial
steady state. The temperatures in the two tanks are T1 and T2. They are both equal to 250°F at
the initial steady state. A heating coil in the first tank uses steam to heat the oil. Let Q1 be the
heat addition rate in the first tank. Find energy equations which can be derived for this
system.
F0
ρ
T0
F1
F2
ρ
ρ
V1 , T1, T1 V2 , T2, T2
+Q ρ ρ

2. Two CSTR in series were used in a production line where component A reacts irreversibly
and at a specific reaction rate k to form component B according to the following reaction,
A B
A cooling coil inside the tank of each reactor to remove the exothermic heat of reaction λ
Cal/g-mol of A reacted. Assuming a second order reaction, the rate of consumption of
reactant A per unit volume will be directly proportional to the square of instantaneous
concentration of A in the tank. Consider feed flow rate is F0, with CA0 and CB0 = 0 at T0 and
ρ0 and reactor volume V1. The output from the first reactor is F1, with CA1 and CB1 at T1 and
ρ1 enter to second reactor with a volume of V2. The output from second reactor is F2, with CA2
and CB2 at T2 and ρ2. Derive all possible models for this system, used temperature variable in
the energy balance models.

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Ministry of Higher Education
Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology – New Damieta
Chemical Engineering Department
Modeling and Simulation in Chemical Eng. (CHE 408) ……… Level: ( 4 )
Sheet No. (9)

1. A flat slab (x, y, z) as shown in the following Fig., has an internal homogenous heat
generation per unit volume, Q (W/m3). The slab was constructed from a material of its
thermal conductivity, k (W/mK). Assume a uniform boundary conditions and the transfer of
heat takes only in one direction X. The maximum temperature is T0 at centerline and the wall
temperatures in both sides are Tw. For a heat transfer area A m2 , Y
(a) Derive a mathematical model to describe
temperature at any point in the slab as a function
in other parameters.
(b) Classify the derived model.
(c) Solve the derived model for any operating T A
conditions (find the general solution). Tw
Tw 0
(d) Simulate and draw the temperature profile in the
slab for a rate of heat generation of 6.5 kW/m3, Z
Center temperature of 220°C, wall temperature of qx qx
20°C and thermal conductivity for material of
construction of 5W/mK.
-x x

2. Consider a problem of heat removal from a bath of hot solvent by immersing steel rods into
the bath and allowing the heat to dissipate from the hot solvent bath through the rod and then
to the atmosphere as shown in Fig. Consider the rod temperament below the solvent liquid
surface is uniform at a value T1, Ignore heat transfer at the two
flat ends of the rod, Overall heat transfer coefficients are known
and constant, and No solvent evaporates from the solvent air
interface.
(a) Find the equation which describe rod temperature in upper
section with the other parameters.
(b) Solve the derived model for a very long upper section.
(c) Simulate and draw the temperature profile in the upper
section of rod constructed from cupper of thermal
conductivity of 25 W/mK, rod diameter is 20mm and bath
temperature is 600 °C . The convective heat transfer
coefficient for air is 1.2 W/m2K.

3. For an isothermal reaction in a batch reactor, component A converted to component B at a

specific rate constant k
A B
Simulate the reactant concentration as a function of time for different reaction orders (n = 0, 1
& 3). Draw the change of concentration in a single plot. Taking into account at zero time
CA=CA0 , CB=0

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Eng. / Taha I. Farrag
Question 2:
In the two CSTRs system shown in the following figure, a simple reaction A → B with first-
order kinetics takes place. Assume isothermal conditions, flow rates F1 and F2 are determined by
variable speed pumps and thus are independent of the corresponding liquid levels.
a) Develop the state model for the two CSTRs in case of volume of liquids in both reactors are
variables and in other case the volumes are constants.