Jurnal Kesehatan Prima

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The Effect of Roasting Methods of Ingredients The Songgak Tribe Sasak Herbal on
Active Compounds Using Gas Chromatography Mas Spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) Analysis

Agrijanti1, Lale Budi Kusuma Dewi2 , Ari Khusuma3, E, Hagni Wardoyo4

1-3
Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, Indonesia
4
Universitas Mataram, Indonesia
 agriyanti2@gmail.com , phone: +6281703309917

Received: 20 Januari 2024/Accepted:23 Agustus 2024/Published Online: 31 August 2024

© This Journal is an open-access under the CC-BY-SA License

Abstract
Songgak is a concoction of the Sasak tribe of Lombok in West Nusa Tenggara. It consists of coffee mixed with
groundwood, cloves, black pepper, coriander, and nutmeg. The original recipe involves roasting the spices before
mixing them with coffee, namely using a frying pan over a stove. The roasting process is carried out without
controlling the temperature and roasting time, so the roasted ingredients need to be standardized. GCMS is a tool
used to analyze compounds in samples using chemical separation methods, mainly chromatography. The
compounds in the mixture are separated in a chromatographic column. The separation mechanism between several
compounds occurs due to differences in the solubility values of each in the moving solvent and differences in the
absorption of each of the competing compounds into the stationary phase (Gross, 2017). In this research, variations
will be carried out on spices, namely T1 original treatment of roasting spices over fire for 8 minutes, T2 drying
spices in sunlight, T3 oven for 5 minutes, T5 oven for 5 minutes, T4 oven for 15 minutes and T5 oven for 15
minutes. In the T4 treatment, namely oven for 10 minutes, the results of the analysis of the substance content with
the most types, namely 20 types, were obtained. The active anti-microbial compound found in all treatments was
Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(h)(C19 H38 O4) BM:330, which helps inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
(National Library Medicine, n.d.). Octadecanoic acid (CAS) Stear (C18 H34 O2) BM:282 Anti-inflammatory,
Antiandrogenic Cancer prevention, Hypocholesterolemia Dermatigenic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor,
Anemiagenic, Insecticide (Natarajan et al., 2019) and Tetradecanoic acid (CAS) Myris (C14 H28 O2) BM:228 as
anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive.

Keywords: Songgak; Active Compound Roasting; GCMS

INTRODUCTION wood, cloves, black pepper, coriander, and nutmeg.

Minister of Health Regulation no. It is used by roasting it in a frying pan over a stove
003/MENKES/PER/I/2010 concerning the flame. The temperature and length of roasting are not
Sanctification of Herbal Medicine. Riskesdas controlled so that the herb is stopped roasting
increased by 44.3% from 2010 to 2018. The according to the taste of the processor, namely until
repertoire of traditional medicine recipes it emits a certain distinctive aroma. (Dewi et al.,
accompanied by abundant medicinal plant materials 2021). Processing technology to obtain high-quality
offers an opportunity for the pharmaceutical medicinal plant contents is crucial because sound
production of conventional medicines (Kemenkes processing produces healthy medicines. If the
RI, 2019). Songgak is a concoction from the Sasak processing technology is incorrect, the active
tribe of Lombok in NTB that consists of crushed substance content will be damaged and toxic to

DOI: 10.32.807/jkp.v18i2.1540 Jurnal Kesehatan Prima, Volume 18, Issue. 2, August 2024 | 142
humans. One of the critical processing stages is Sample Preparation
drying herbal raw materials, a process for making The sample was extracted first using
simplicia (dried herbal ingredients, simplicia can be methanol and then analyzed using QP 2010 GC-MS,
used for pharmaceutical needs and traditional herbal oven temperature (0°C-325°C), interface (250°C),
medicine. Drying is a method for removing or and total flow (104 mL/minute. The sample was
removing water from a material. Plant drying can be extracted first using methanolControl mode (split)
done naturally (under the sunlight, in the shade) or split ratio (100:1), pressure (10,523 psi),), split flow
artificially, under the influence of a heat source. (100 mL/min), HP-5MS column 30m x 250 μm x
(Nesti & Sianipar, 2015). 0.25 μm,), gas (He ) and detector (MSD)
The aims of this research are (T1)
Measuring the active compound content test using RESULT AND DISCUSSION
GC – MS from the roasting treatment of the Songgak GCMS uses several variables and
herbal concoction, the original treatment of roasting variations, namely raw materials that have not been
the spices over fire for 8 minutes. (T2) Measuring oven or roasted, then dried using the oven method
the active compound content test using GC – MS with several variations in drying time and then
from the Songgak herb drying treatment, drying the roasting. GCMS is a tool used to analyze compounds
spices under the sun for two days when the sun is hot in samples. One of the most essential chemical
from 10 to 4 in the afternoon every day. separation methods is chromatography. The
(T3)Measuring the active compound content test compounds in the mixture are separated in a
using GC – MS from the drying treatment of chromatography column. The separation mechanism
Songgak herbal concoction in the oven for 5 between several compounds occurs due to
minutes. (T4) Measuring the active compound differences in solubility values.
content test using GC – MS from the drying
treatment of Songgak herbal concoction in the oven Results of Active Substance Testing using GCMS.
for 10 minutes. (T5) Measuring the active compound The GCMS T4 results have complete
content test using GC – MS from drying the Songgak compounds, namely 19 compounds, each with its
herbal concoction after the steaming treatment for 15 properties, namely: Phenol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-
minutes. propenyl)—CA Formula (C10H12O); BM 164.2011
as an anti-microbial (Alenazy, 2023)
METHOD
TRANS(.BETA.)-CARYOPHYLLENE as
The main ingredient used in this research is
antihistamin (Soares et al., 2013). 1,6-ANHYDRO-
Songgak herbal medicine, which has various types.
BETA-D-GLUCOPYR as anti-oxidant (Mahani et
Other materials are filter paper, distilled water,) and
al., 2021). Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-,
aluminum foil. The equipment used in this research
acetat as anti-oxidant (Purwono & Wahyuningsih,
is spray bottles, separating funnels, standard clamp
2012). 9-Eicosene, (E)- (CAS) C20H40 BM
analytical scales, spatulas, sieves, grinders, ovens,
252.4784 anti-mikrobial (Lulamba et al., 2021).
desiccators, ultrasonics, rotary Chempublish, GC-
Tetradecanoic acid (CAS) Myristic acid as anti-
MS QP 2010, as well as other glass tools commonly
inflammatory (Alonso-Castro et al., 2022). The
used in the laboratory.
therapeutic uses of caffeine are used in the
pharmaceutical field as an analgesic and to reduce
fever. (Annisa et al., 2020). NAPHTHALENE,

DOI: 10.32.807/jkp.v18i2.1540 Jurnal Kesehatan Prima, Volume 18, Issue. 2, August 2024 | 143
DECAHYDRO-1,1-DIM has potential such as
anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial
(Hotmian et al., 2021). Hexadecanoic acid (CAS)
Palmitic acid inhibits the growth of fungi (Alenazy,
2023). 1-Octadecanol (CAS) Steno acts as an anti-
inflammatory. 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-
(CAS).
Inhibits the growth of cancer cell (Alenazy,
2023). Octadecanoic acid (CAS) Stearic acid Anti-
inflammatory, Antiandrogenic Cancer prevention,
Hypocholesterolemia Dermatigenic Anemiagenic,
Insecticide, Flavoring (Natarajan et al., 2019). Chromatographic Analysis of the Active Substance
Cyclohexane, eicosyl- (CAS) 1-Cyclohe has Content of Songgak Treatment (T3)
antimicrobial properties. Eicosanoic acid (CAS)
Arachidic acid functions as an enzyme and receptor
and plays a role in cell death, baby development, and
correcting neurological disorders ((PubChem, n.d.-
a).1-Triacontanol Is a natural growth enzyme
(Zhengzhou Delong Chemical CO., 2022).
Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-
(hydroxymethyl)eth, helps inhibit the growth of
cancer cells (National Library Medicine, n.d.)
Piperidine, 1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1 Acts as an
antioxidant (Lahmidi et al., 2021).
Chromatographic Analysis of the Active Substance
Content of Songgak Treatment (T4)
Chromatographic Analysis of the Active Substance
Content of Songgak Treatment (T1)

Chromatographic Analysis of the Active Substance

Content of Songgak Treatment (T5)

Chromatographic Analysis of the Active Substance

Content of Songgak Treatment (T2)

DOI: 10.32.807/jkp.v18i2.1540 Jurnal Kesehatan Prima, Volume 18, Issue. 2, August 2024 | 144
 Medicine, n.d.), Octadecanoic acid (CAS) Stear
(C18 H34 O2) BM:282 Anti-inflammatory,
Antiandrogenic Cancer prevention, Dermatigenic
Hypocholesterolemia, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor,
Anemiagenic, Insecticide (Natarajan et al., 2019)
and Tetradecanoic acid (CAS) Myris (C14 H28 O2)
BM:228 as anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive
(Alonso-Castro et al., 2022).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The results of the active compound content test using
GC – MS from the roasting treatment of the Songgak The authors would like to thank the Ministry

herbal concoction, the original treatment of roasting of Health; Directur of Poltekkes Kemenkes

the spices over fire for 8 minutes, showed that the Mataram; Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada

majority compound content was six compounds, masyarakat Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengabdian

drying the spices in the sun for two days when ten kepada Masyarakat (UPPM) Poltekkes Kemenkes

compounds were obtained, the drying of the Mataram have supported the financing of this

Songgak herb concoction was oven treated. For 5 research.

minutes, as many as ten compounds, drying

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