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Second Third and Fourth

The document outlines the evolution of computers from the second to the fourth generation, highlighting the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. It describes general-purpose computers as versatile tools for everyday tasks and supercomputers as powerful machines designed for complex calculations and data processing. Examples of each generation and type of computer are provided to illustrate their capabilities and applications.

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JAMES DAUDI
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24 views3 pages

Second Third and Fourth

The document outlines the evolution of computers from the second to the fourth generation, highlighting the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. It describes general-purpose computers as versatile tools for everyday tasks and supercomputers as powerful machines designed for complex calculations and data processing. Examples of each generation and type of computer are provided to illustrate their capabilities and applications.

Uploaded by

JAMES DAUDI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Second, Third and Fourth Generation of Computers

Second Generation Computers (1956 – 1963)


Instead of bulky vacuum tubes, transistor technology is used in second-generation computers.
The use of transistors makes it perform better than the first. It is much smaller in size and
requires a lesser amount of energy compared to the first generation.
Examples include: IBM 1920, IBM 7094, CDC 3600, etc.

Third Generation Computers (1964 – 1971)


Here use of transistors can be taken the place of Integrated Circuit. This makes the computers to
work with more efficiency and reliability. Size also reduced.

Examples includes – CDC 1700, IBM – 360 Series.

Fourth Generation Computers (1971 – Present)

Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) Circuits, or simply microprocessors, are used in this
generation. A microprocessor chip is made up of thousands of integrated circuits built on a single
silicon chip. In this generation, the use of personal computers (PCs) has increased.

Examples include: Apple, CRAY-1, etc.

1.General Purpose
General computers can do various everyday tasks such as writing a word
processing letter, Document preparation, recording, financial analysis,
Printing documents, creating databases, and calculations with accuracy and
consistency.
The size, storage capacity, and cost of such computers are mainly less. The
ability of these computers is limited in performing specialized tasks. Still, it
has versatility and useful for serving people’s basic needs at home or in the
workplace in the environment.
Examples:
Desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets are used on daily basis for
general purposes.

Uses of Computers
1.Super Computer
A Supercomputer is the very fastest and powerful, and expensive type of
computer for processing data. Supercomputers’ size and storage capacity
are also huge (can occupy huge premises) designed to process vast amounts

of data in a short time with high productivity.

These are specially made to perform multi-specific tasks. Therefore, many


CPUs work in parallel order on these supercomputers. This function of a
Supercomputer is called Multiprocessing or Parallel Processing. A

supercomputer’s design is complicated, like it can be heterogeneous,

combining computers of different architectures, is significantly surpassed


most existing personal computers. This made this machine an ultra-high-
performance supercomputer. Each part of a supercomputer is responsible for
its own specific task, such as structuring and solving the most complex
problems requiring an incredible amount of calculations.

Applications: The uses of supercomputers are dedicated to –

 In research and study of energy and nuclear weapons and designing


the aircraft,
airplanes, and flight simulators.
 Climate research and Weather Forecasting and Prediction of Natural
Disasters.
 Spaceship and Satellite Launching.
 Used in scientific research laboratories.
 Used in Chemical and Biological research and for highly calculation
complex tasks.

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