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Addressing

The TCP/IP protocol suite consists of four main layers: host-to-network, internet, transport, and application, which can be mapped to five layers when compared to the OSI model. Addressing in TCP/IP involves four levels: physical, logical, port, and specific addresses, with physical addresses changing at each hop while logical and port addresses remain constant. The document provides examples of physical, logical, and port addresses, illustrating their roles in network communication.

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9 views16 pages

Addressing

The TCP/IP protocol suite consists of four main layers: host-to-network, internet, transport, and application, which can be mapped to five layers when compared to the OSI model. Addressing in TCP/IP involves four levels: physical, logical, port, and specific addresses, with physical addresses changing at each hop while logical and port addresses remain constant. The document provides examples of physical, logical, and port addresses, illustrating their roles in network communication.

Uploaded by

JEBA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section-B

TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE


Section-B TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly


match those in the OSI model. The original TCP/IP protocol
suite was defined as having four layers: host-to-network,
internet, transport, and application. However, when
TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say that the TCP/IP
protocol suite is made of five layers: physical, data link,
network, transport, and application.

Topics discussed in this section:


Physical and Data Link Layers
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
2.2
TCP/IP and OSI model

2.3
ADDRESSING

Four levels of addresses are used in an internet employing


the TCP/IP protocols: physical, logical, port, and specific.

Topics discussed in this section:


Physical Addresses
Logical Addresses
Port Addresses
Specific Addresses

2.4
Addresses in TCP/IP

2.5
Relationship of layers and addresses in TCP/IP

2.6
Example Physical Address

In Figure a node with physical address 10 sends a frame


to a node with physical address 87. The two nodes are
connected by a link (bus topology LAN). As the figure
shows, the computer with physical address 10 is the
sender, and the computer with physical address 87 is the
receiver.

2.7
Figure Physical addresses

2.8
Example physical Address

Most local-area networks use a 48-bit (6-byte) physical


address written as 12 hexadecimal digits; every byte (2
hexadecimal digits) is separated by a colon, as shown
below:

07:01:02:01:2C:4B

A 6-byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address.

2.9
Example logical Address

Figure shows a part of an internet with two routers


connecting three LANs. Each device (computer or router)
has a pair of addresses (logical and physical) for each
connection. In this case, each computer is connected to
only one link and therefore has only one pair of
addresses. Each router, however, is connected to three
networks (only two are shown in the figure). So each
router has three pairs of addresses, one for each
connection.

2.10
Figure IP addresses

2.11
Example Port Address

Figure shows two computers communicating via the


Internet. The sending computer is running three processes
at this time with port addresses a, b, and c. The receiving
computer is running two processes at this time with port
addresses j and k. Process a in the sending computer
needs to communicate with process j in the receiving
computer. Note that although physical addresses change
from hop to hop, logical and port addresses remain the
same from the source to destination.

2.12
Figure Port addresses

2.13
The physical addresses will change from hop to hop,
but the logical addresses usually remain the same.

2.14
Example Port Address

A port address is a 16-bit address represented by one


decimal number as shown.

753

A 16-bit port address represented


as one single number.

2.15
Note

The physical addresses change from hop to hop,


but the logical and port addresses usually remain the same.

2.16

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