Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education

EDUC 21 1st Marla Joy MWF, 2-

semeste Lucerna 3pm
r (Campus
(midter E)
m)

\Individuals with Disabilities Education Act students with disabilities (Martin, Martin, &
(IDEA) Terman, 1996). IDEA provides financial
support for state and local school districts.
APA ( American Psychological Association) However to receive funding, school
advocates for the well-being and support of districts must comply with six main
students with disabilities as well as the principles set out by IDEA:
ability of psychologists to serve them, their - Every child is entitled to a free and
families and their schools. appropriate public education
(FAPE).
- When a school professional
1 What is IDEA? believes that a student between
the ages of 3 and 21 may have a
● The Individuals with Disabilities disability that has a substantial
Education Act (IDEA) is a law that makes impact on the student's learning or
available a free appropriate public behavior, the student is entitled to
education to eligible children with an evaluation in all areas related
disabilities throughout the nation and to the suspected disability.
ensures special education and related - Creation of an Individualized
Education Plan (IEP).
services to those children.
- The purpose of the IEP is to lay out
● The IDEA governs how states and public a series of specific actions and
agencies provide early intervention, steps through which educational
special education, and related services providers, parents and the student
to more than 7.5 million (as of school themselves may reach the child's
year 2018-19) eligible infants, toddlers, stated goals.
children, and youth with disabilities. - That the education and services
● The Individuals with Disabilities for children with disabilities must
Education Act (IDEA) ensures that all be provided in the least restrictive
environment, and if possible, those
children with disabilities are entitled to a
children be placed in a "typical"
free appropriate public education to education setting with non-
meet their unique needs and prepare disabled students. Input of the
them for further education, employment child and their parents must be
and independent living. taken into account in the
education process.
Prior to IDEA, over 4 million children with - When a parent feels that an IEP is
disabilities were denied appropriate access to inappropriate for their child, or
public education. Many children were denied that their child is not receiving
entry into public school altogether, while others needed services, they have the
right under IDEA to challenge their
were placed in segregated classrooms, or in child's treatment (due process).
regular classrooms without adequate support (DREDF, 2008; Kastiyannis, Yell,
for their special needs (Katsiyannis, Yell, Bradley, 2001; Turnbull, Huerta, &
Bradley, 2001; Martin, Martin, Terman, 1996; Stowe, 2004).
U.S. Department of Education, 2010).
Part Part C of IDEA recognizes the need for
IDEA has four distinct sections: C identifying and reaching very young
children with disabilities. This portion of
Part Lays out the basic foundation for the rest IDEA provides guidelines concerning the
A of the Act. This section defines the terms funding and services to be provided to
used within the Act as well as providing for children from birth through 2 years of age.
the creation of the Office of Special Families are entitled to several services
Education Programs, which is responsible through part C of IDEA (IDEA, 1997).
for administering and carrying out the
terms of IDEA (IDEA, 1997). Every family is entitled to appropriate,
timely, and multidisciplinary identification
Part The section which lays out the educational and intervention services for their very
B guidelines for school children 3-21 years of young child. These services must be made
age. By law, states are required to educate available to all families with infants and

1
 Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education
EDUC 21 1st Marla Joy MWF, 2-
semeste Lucerna 3pm
r (Campus
(midter E)
m)

for children with disabilities by supporting

toddlers. Families are required to receive
an Individualized Family Service Plan system improvement activities; coordinated
(IFSP). This plan lays out the priorities, research and personnel preparation;
resources and concerns of the family. coordinated technical assistance, dissemination,
and support; and technology development and
In addition it describes the goals of the media services;
child, the services to be provided to the
child, and steps for eventual transitioning To assess, and ensure the effectiveness of,
of the child into formal education. Families efforts to educate children with disabilities.
have a right to participate in the creation
of the IFSP, and must give consent prior to
the initiation of intervention services. 3 History of IDEA
Lastly, parents are entitled to timely
resolution of all conflicts or complaints On November 29, 1975, President Gerald
regarding the evaluation or services Ford signed into law the Education for All
provided to their child. Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142),
now known as the Individuals with
Part The final section of IDEA, part D, describes Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
D national activities to be undertaken to
improve the education of children with
Congress opened public school doors for
disabilities. These activities include grants
to improve the education and transitional millions of children with disabilities
services provided to students with - ensuring that children with disabilities
disabilities. In addition this section have opportunities to develop their
provides resources to support programs, talents, share their gifts, and contribute
projects and activities which contribute to their communities.
positive results for children with disabilities
(IDEA, 1997). The law guaranteed access to a free
appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least
restrictive environment (LRE) to every child with
2 PURPOSE of IDEA a disability.
To ensure that all children with disabilities have
available to them a free appropriate public Subsequent amendments, as reflected in
education that emphasizes special education the IDEA
and related services designed to meet their - access to the general education
unique needs and prepare them for further curriculum,
education, employment, and independent - the provision of services for young
living; children from birth through five,
- transition planning,
To ensure that the rights of children with - accountability for the achievement of
disabilities and parents of such children students with disabilities.
are protected; IDEA upholds and protects the rights of infants,
toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities
To assist States, localities, educational and their families.
service agencies, and Federal agencies
to provide for the education of all children In the last 40+ years:
with disabilities; ● Classrooms have become more inclusive
and the future of children with
To assist States in the implementation of disabilities is brighter.
a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, ● Significant progress has been made
multidisciplinary, interagency system of early toward protecting the rights of, meeting
intervention services for infants and toddlers the individual needs of, and improving
with disabilities and their families; educational results and outcomes for
infants, toddlers, children, and youths
To ensure that educators and parents have the with disabilities.
necessary tools to improve educational results
2
 Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education
EDUC 21 1st Marla Joy MWF, 2-
semeste Lucerna 3pm
r (Campus
(midter E)
m)

Since 1975:
Excluding nearly 1.8 million children with
disabilities from public schools to providing
special education and related services
designed to meet their individual needs to
more than 7.5 million children with disabilities
in 2018-19.

In 2018-19:
● more than 64% of children with
disabilities are in general education
classrooms 80% or more of their school
day
● early intervention services are being
provided to more than 400,000 infants
and toddlers with disabilities and their
families

3
 Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education
EDUC 21 1st Marla Joy MWF, 2-
semeste Lucerna 3pm
r (Campus
(midter E)
m)

Part B Lays out the educational guidelines for

Inclusive Education in other Countries school children 3-21 y.o. By law, states
are required to educate students

What's happening with inclusive education Part C Recognizes the need for identifying and
around the world? reaching very young children with
● 148 countries including the european disabilities
union had ratified united nations
convention on the rights of person with Part D Describes national activities to be
undertaken to improve the education of
disabilities (UNCRPD) and 158 have
children with disabilities
adopted the convention

Thematic study on the rights of persons

2 Others Countries Inclusive Education
with disabilities to education from the un
human rights council ● Concept of inclusive education develops
● Inclusive education - a key provisions of according to the international education
UNRCPD law
● Commits state parties to developing an ● Includes the student's educational needs
inclusive education system
European Policy Context
Barriers in inclusive education ● Council resolutions concerning inclusion
● Lack of adequately trained teachers of the children and youth with or without
● Accessible buildings disabilities into mainstream and
● Peer support inclusive system of education
● Challenging bullying
Inclusive Education in Africa
● According to promoting the right to
1 IDEA - US
education for children with disabilities as
● As of 2011, more than 6 million school used in white paper 6, inclusive and
age children in the us receive special training a means:
education services as a result of IDEA ○ All children and youth can learn
● More than 40% - 2.2 million are students ○ All children and youth need
identified with a specific learning support
disability ○ Enabling the education system to
meet the needs of all learners
What is individuals with disabilities ○ Respecting differences in learners
education act (IDEA)? while build similarities
● Is the nation's federal special education ○ Learning happens in the home
law that ensures public schools serve the and in the community as well
educational needs of students with ○ Fostering attitudes, behavior,
disabilities. teaching methods, and learning
● It was originally known as the Education environments that meet the
of Handicapped Children Act passed in needs of learners
1975 ○ Uncovering and minimizing
● It is a 4 part (A-D) piece of american barriers to learning
legislation that makes sure that students
who have disabilities are provided with a Implementing of White Paper 6
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) According to promoting the right of education
that is specific to their individual needs for children with disability, that White Paper 6
and it’s work has been done since 2001
Four Distinct Sections of IDEAS represent an important shift in South Africa
Policy toward education of children with
Part A Lays out the basic foundation for the rest
of the act disabilities.