Ch-3 : Motion in 1-D

Chapter

2 MOTION IN 1-D

POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. In uniform motion average speed is equal to the instantaneous speed.
2. In a uniform motion along a straight line without change in direction, the average velocity is equal to
instantaneous velocity.
3. In uniform motion along a straight line without change in direction of motion,
� �
d |v | dv
� 0 and �0
dt dt
� �
d |v | dv
4. If body moves uniformly but its direction of motion changes, then � 0, but � 0.
dt dt
5. If body travels for time t and its changes the direction of motion after t0, where t > t0, then displacement
is given by
1
s � ut � at 2
2 a u
and distance is given by
1 1
s � ut0 � at02 � (t � t0 ) 2
2 2
6. The value of closest approach does not depend on the speed of objects provided both have same
speed.

Only one option correct

Average Velocity, Motion with Constant Acceleration
1. At t = 0 and x = 0, an initially stationary blue car begins to accelerate at the constant rate of 2.0
m/s2 in the positive direction of the x axis. At t = 2 s, a red car travelling in an adjacent lane and in the
same direction, passes x = 0 with a speed of 8.0 m/s and a constant acceleration of 3.0 m/s2. The
time when red car passes the blue car is :
(a) 4.2 s (b) 3.6 s (c) 2.9 s (d) none of these
–t
2. An electron moving along the x axis has a position given by x = 20t e m, where t is in second. How
far is the electron from the origin when it momentarily stop?
20
(a) 20 m (b) 20 e m (c) m (d) zero
e
3. A stone is dropped from a building of height h and it reaches after t second on earth. From the same
building if stones are thrown (one upward and other downwards) with the same velocity u and they
reach the earth surface in t1 and t2 second respectively then:
t1 � t2
(a) t = t1 – t2 (b) t � (c) t � t1t2 (d) t � t12t22
2
4. A stone is dropped from a height h, simultaneously another stone is thrown up from the ground
which at a height 4h, the two stones cross each other after time
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h h
(a) (b) (c) 8hg (d) 2hg
2g 8g
5. A man travelling in a car with a maximum constant speed of 20 m/s watches his friend start off at a
distance of 100 m on motor cycle with constant acceleration ‘a’. The man in the car will reach his
friend when ‘a’ is
1. < 2 m/s2 2. > 2 m/s2 3. = 2 m/s2 4. = 4 m/s2
Which of the above option (s) is/are correct
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 4 only
6. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, followed again
by 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is 1 m long and requires 1 s. The
time when he will fall into the pit 13 m away from him is :
(a) 13 s (b) 37 s (c) 40 s (d) 42 s
7. Two person A and B are located in the xy-plane at the points (0, 0) and (0, 10) respectively. (The
distances are measured in MKS units). At a time t = 0, they start moving simultaneously with velocities
� �
v A � 2 ˆj m/s and vB � 2iˆ m/s. The time after which A and B are at their closest approach.
(a) 2.5 s (b) 5 s (c) 7.5 s (d) 10 s
8. A car moves on a straight track from station A to the station B, with an acceleration a = (b – cx),
where b and c are constants and x is the distance from station A. The maximum velocity between the
two stations is
(a) b / c (b) b / c (c) c / a (d) b / c
9. A point starts moving in a straight line with a certain acceleration. At time t after beginning of motion
the acceleration suddenly becomes retardation of the same value. The time in which the point returns
to the initial point is :
(a) 2t (b) (2 � 2)t
(c) t / 2 (d)cannot be predicted unless acceleration is given
10. Balls are thrown vertically upward in such a way that the next ball is thrown when the previous one
is at the maximum height. If the maximum height is 4.9 m, the number of balls thrown per minute will
be :
(a) 60 (b) 40 (c) 50 (d) 120
11. A body is thrown up in a lift with velocity u relative to lift and time of flight is t. The acceleration with
which the lift moving will be
u 2 � gt 2u � gt 2u
(a) (b) (c) (d) none
t t t
12. Four persons K, L, M and N are initially at the corners of a square of side of length d. If every
person starts moving with velocity v, such that K is always headed towards L, L towards M, M is
headed directly towards N and N towards K, then the four persons will meet after :
d 2d d d
(a) sec (b) sec (c) sec (d) sec
c v 2v 2v
13. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate � for some time, after which it decelerates at a
constant rate � to come come to rest. If total time of motion is t, then its displacement :
� � �t 2 ��t 2 � 2t � 2t 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
� �� 2(� � �) (� � � ) 2(� � �)

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 Ch-3 : Motion in 1-D
14. A particle moves with a velocity (3i + 4j) m/s from origin. The displacement of particle along line x
= y after two seconds will be :
7
(a) 10 m (b) (c) 7 2 m (d) None of these
2
15. A body is thrown vertically up with a velocity u. If passes three point A, B and C in its upward
u u u
journey with velocities , and respectively. The ratio of the separations between point A and
2 3 4
AB
B between B and C i.e., is
BC
10 20
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d)
7 7
16. A target is made of two plates, one of the wood and the other of iron. The thickness of the wooden
plate is 4 cm and that of iron plate is 2 cm. A bullet fired goes through the wood first and then
penetrates 1 cm into iron. A similar bullet fired with the same velocity from opposite direction goes
through iron first and then penetrates 2 cm into wood. If a1 and a2 be the retardations offered to the
bullet by wood and iron plates respectively, then

(a) a1 = 2a2 (b) a2 = 2a1 (c) a1 = a2 (d) data insufficient

17. At the initial moment three points A, B and C are on a horizontal straight line at equal distances from
one another. Point A begins to mvoe vertically upward with constant velocity v and point C vertically
downward without any initial velocity at constant acceleration a. Assuming the points begin to move
simultaneously, then for all the points to be constantly on one straight line the point B moves with
1 1
(a) acceleration a and initial velocity v both upwards
2 2
1 1
(b) retardation a and initial velocity v both upwards
2 2
(c) zero acceleration and initial velocity v.
1
(d) acceleration a and initial velocity v both downwards
2
18. A parachutist after bailing out falls 50 m without friction. When parachute opens, it decelerates at 2
m/s2. He reaches the ground with a speed of 3 m/s. At what height, did he bail out :
(a) 111 m (b) 293 m (c) 182 m (d) 91 m

Motion with Variable Acceleration

19. Starting from rest a particle moves in a straight line with acceleration a = {2 + |t – 2|} m/s2. Velocity
of particle at the end of 4 s will be
(a) 16 m/s (b) 20 m/s (c) 8 m/s (d) 12 m/s

Graphical Questions
20. An experiment on the take-off performance of an aeroplane shown that the acceleration varies as
shown in the figure, and that 12 s to take off from a rest position. The distance along the runway
covered by the aeroplane is
a(m/s2)

take off

t(s)
0 6 12
(a) 210 m (b) 2100 m (c) 21000 m (d) none
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21. If the velocity v of a particle moving along a straight line decreases linearly with its position coordinates
s from 50 m/s to a value approaching zero at s = 100 m, the time it take to reach the 100 m position
will be
v(m/s)
50

s(m)
0 100
(a) 10 s (b) 5 s (c) 0.5 s (d) infinity
22. The displacement of a body is given to be proportional to the tube of time elapsed. The velocity-
time graph of motion of the body is
v v v
v

(a) (b) (c) (d)

t
t t t
23. A ball is dropped from a certain height on a horizontal floor. The coefficient of restitution between
1
the ball and the floor is . The displacement time graph of the ball will be
2

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

24. A ball is thrown horizontally from a height with a certain velocity at time t = 0. The ball bounces
repeatedly from the ground with coefficient of retitution less than 1 as shown. Neglecting air resistance
and taking the upward direction as positive, which figure qualitatively depicts the vertical component
of the ball velocity (vy) as a function of time (t) :

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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 Ch-3 : Motion in 1-D
25. The v-x graph for a car in a race on a straight road is given. Identify the correct a – x graph
v(m/s)

x(m)
100 200
2
a(m/s ) a(m/s )
2

0.64 0.64
(a) (b)
x(m) x(m)
100 200 100 200
2 2
a(m/s ) a(m/s )

0.64 0.64

(c) x(m) (d) x(m)

100 200 100 200
– 0.64 – 0.64

26. A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the ground. It hits the ground and bounses up
vertically to a height d/2. Neglecting subsequent motion and air resistance. Its velocity v varies with
height h above the ground as

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Relative Motion
27. An express train is moving with a velocity v1. Its driver finds another train is moving on the same
track in the direction with velocity v2. To escape collision, driver applies a retardation a on the train.
The minimum time escaping collision will be :
v1 � v2 v 2 � v22
(a) t � (b) t � 1 (c) none (d) both (a) and (b)
a 2
28. A person walks up a stalled escalator in 90 s. When standing on the same escalator, now moving, he
is carried in 60 s. The time it would take him to walk up the moving escalator will be
(a) 27 s (b) 72 s (c) 18 s (d) 36 s
29. Three elephants A, B and C are moving along a straight line with constant speed in same direction as
shown in figure. Speed of A is 5 m/s and speed of C is 10 m/s. Initially separation between A and B
is ‘d’ and between B and C is also d. When ‘B’ catches ‘C’ separation between A and C becomes
3d. Then the speed of B will be -
5 m/s u 10 m/s

A B C

d d

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(a) 7.5 ms/ (b) 15 ms/ (c) 20 m/s (d) 5 m/s
30. On a two lane road, car A is travelling with a speed of 36 km/h. Two cars B and C approach car A
in opposite directions with a speed of 54 km/h each. At a certain instant, when the distance AB is
equal to AC, both 1 km B decided to overtake A before C does. The minimum acceleration of car
B is required to avoid an accident is
(a) 5 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2 (c) 2 m/s2 (d) 1 m/s2
31. The displacement x of a particle varies with time t as x � ae��t � be�t where a, b, � , and � are
positive constants.
The velocity of the particle will :
(a) be independent of � and � (b) drop to zero where � � �
(c) go on decreasing with time (d) go on increasing with time
32. A car, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate f through a distance s, then continuous at constant
f
speed for time t and then decelerates at the rate come to rest. If the total distance traversed is 5
2
s, then :
1 2 1 2 1 2
(a) s � ft (b) s � ft (c) s � ft (d) s � ft
4 2 6
MCQ TYPE 2
Multiple Correct Options
1. A particle in one-dimensional motion. Choose the correct
(a) with zero speed at an instant may have non-zero acceleration at that instant
(b) with zero speed may have non-zero velocity
(c) with constant speed must have zero acceleration
(d) with positive value of acceleration must be speeding up
2. The position-time (x-t) graphs for two children A and B returning from their school O to their homes
P and Q respectively are shown in figure. Choose the correct(s) answers
x

Q
P
A
B
O t

(a) A lives closer to the school than B (b) A starts from the school at earlier than B
(c) A move faster than B (d) A and B reach home at same time.
� �
3. Let v and a denote the velocity and acceleration respectively of a body. Select the wrong
statement(s)?
(a) a� can be non zero when v� � 0. (b) a� must be zero than v� � 0.
�
(c) a may be zero when v � 0
�
�
(d) the direction of a must have some correlation with the direction of v
�
� �
4. Let v and a denote the velocity and acceleration respectively of a body in one-dimensional motion.
Select the wrong statements?
� � �
(a) | v | must decreases when a � 0 (b) speed must increase when a � 0

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 Ch-3 : Motion in 1-D
� �
(c) speed will increases when both v and a are � 0
�
(d) speed will decrease when v � 0 and a � 0
�

5. Pick the correct statements :

(a) Average speed of a particle in a given time is never less than the magnitude of the average
velocity
� �
dv d |v |
(b) It is possible to have a situation in which � 0 but �0
dt dt
(c) The average velocity of a particle is zero in a time interval. It is possible that the instantaneous
velocity is never zero in the initial
(d) The average velocity of a particle moving on a straight line is zero in a time interval. It is
possible that the instantaneous velocity is never zero in the interval, (infinite accelerations are
not allowed).
6. Consider the motion of the tip of the minute hand of a clock, in one hour:
(a) the displacement is zero (b) the distance covered is zero
(c) the average speed is zero (d) the average velocity is zero
dv (t )
7. The motion of a body is given by the equation � 6.0 � 3v(t ), where v(t) is speed in m/s and
dt
t in sec. If body was at rest at t = 0
(a) The terminal speed is 2.0 m/s
(b) The speed varies with the time as v(t) = 2(–e–3t) m/s
(c) The speed is 0.1 m/s when the acceleration is half the initial value
(d) The magnitude of the initial acceleration is 6.0 m/s2.
8. A particle of mass m moves on the x-axis as follows: It starts from rest at t = 0 from the point x = 0,
and come to rest at t = 1 at the point x = 1. No other information is available about its motion at
intermediate times [0 � t � 1]. If � denotes the instantaneous acceleration of the particle, then
(a) � cannot remain positive for all t in the interval 0 to 1
(b) | � | cannot exceed 2 at any point in its path
(c) | � | must be � 4 at some point or points in its path
(d) � must change sign during the motion, but no other assertion can be made with the given
information.
9. The figure shows the velocity (v) of a particle plotted against time (t) :
v

T T
O 2T

(a) The particle changes its direction of motion at some point

(b) The acceleration of the particle remains constant.
(c) The displacement of the particle is zero
(d) The initial and final speed of the particle are the same

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10. The velocity of a particle is zero at t = 0
(a) the acceleration may be zero at t = 0
(b) the acceleration must be zero at t = 0
(c) if the acceleration is zero from t = 0 to t = 2s, the speed is also zero in this interval.
(d) if the speed is zero from t = 0 to t = 2s, the acceleration is also zero in this interval
11. The speed versus time graph are shown in figure. Which graph(s) are possible :
v v

(a) (b)
t t

v v

(c) (d)
t
t

12. A body falls from some height. The velocity displacement graph is best represent in

v v v2
2
v

(a) (b) (c) (d)

s s s
s

JEE CORNER
JEE- (Main)
1. A body is released from the top of a tower of height h. It takes t sec to reach the ground. Where will
be the ball after time t/2 sec
(a) at h/2 from the ground (b) at h/4 from the ground
(c) depends upon mass and volume of the body (d) at 3h/4 from the ground
2. The relation between time t and distance x is t � �x 2 � � x where � and � are constants. The
retardation.
(a) 2�v 3 (b) 2�v 3 (c) 2 �� v 3 (d) 2 �3v 3
where v is the velocity
3. The velocity of a particle is v � v0 � gt � ft 2 . If its position is x = 0 at t = 0, then its displacement
after unit time (t = 1) is
(a) v0 � g / 2 � f (b) v0 � 2 g � 3 f (c) v0 � g / 2 � f / 3 (d) v0 � g � f
4. A body is at rest at x = 0. At t = 0, it starts moving in the positive x-direction with a constant
acceleration. At the same instant another body passes through x = 0 moving in the position x-
direction with a constant speed. The position of the first body is given by x1 (t ) after time t and that
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 Ch-3 : Motion in 1-D
of the second body x2(t) after the same time interval. Which of the following graphs correctly
describes (x1 – x2) as a function of time t?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

5. Consider a rubber ball freely falling from a height h = 4.9 m onto a horizontal elastic plate. Assume
that the duration of collision is negligible and the collision with the plate is totally elastic. Then the
velocity as a function of time and the height as a function of time will be :

(a) (b)

O
(c) (d)

JEE- (Advanced)
6. The given graph shows the variation of velocity with displacement. Which one of the graph given
below correctly represent the variation of acceleration with displacement.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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JEE- (Main Online)
7. A car of mass 1000 kg is moving at a speed of 30 m/s. Brakes are applied to bring the car to rest.
If the net retarding force is 5000 N, the car comes to stop after travelling d m in t s. Then
(a) d = 150, t = 5 (b) d = 120, t = 8 (c) d = 180, t = 6 (d) d = 90, t = 6
8. The graph of an object’s motion (along the x-axis) is shown in the figure. The instantaneous velocity
of the object at points A and B are vA and vB respectively. Then

(a) vA = vB = 0.5 m/s (b) vA = 0.5 m/s < vB (c) vA = 0.5 m/s > vB (d) vA = vB = 2 m/s
9. The distance travelled by a body moving along a line in time t is proportional to t3.
The acceleration-time (a, t) graph for the motion of the body will be

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

10. A goods train accelerating uniformly on a straight railway track, approaches an electric pole standing
on the side of track. Its engine passes the pole with velocity u and the guard’s room passes with
velocity v. The middle wagon of the train passes the pole with a velocity.

u�v 1 2 2 � u2 � v2 �
(a) (b) u �v (c) uv (d) � �
2 2 � 2 �
11. A person climbs up a stalled escalator in 60 s. If standing on the same but escalator running with
constant velocity he takes 40 s. How much time is taken by the person to walk up the moving
escalator?
(a) 37 s (b) 27 s (c) 24 s (d) 45 s

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 Ch-3 : Motion in 1-D

Ch-3 : Motion in 1-D

MCQ Type 1
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (b)
7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (a)
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b)
19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (?)
25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (d) 32. (b)
MCQ Type 2
1. (a,c,d) 2. (a,b,d) 3. (b,c,d) 4. (a,b,d) 5. (a,b) 6. (a,d)
7. (a,b,d) 8. (a,c) 9. (a,b,c,d) 10. (a,c,d) 11. (a,b,d) 12. (a,c)
JEE CORNER
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (a)
7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (c)

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