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1-BIOS_CMOS_POST

The document explains the role of BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in computer systems, detailing its functions such as performing hardware diagnostics (POST), initializing hardware, and loading the operating system. It compares traditional BIOS with modern UEFI, highlighting differences in memory types, user interfaces, and security features. Additionally, it outlines common BIOS access methods, error messages, and troubleshooting steps for hardware detection issues.

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jollibean79
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13 views42 pages

1-BIOS_CMOS_POST

The document explains the role of BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in computer systems, detailing its functions such as performing hardware diagnostics (POST), initializing hardware, and loading the operating system. It compares traditional BIOS with modern UEFI, highlighting differences in memory types, user interfaces, and security features. Additionally, it outlines common BIOS access methods, error messages, and troubleshooting steps for hardware detection issues.

Uploaded by

jollibean79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What does it do?

Programs that are


permanently stored on
your computer.

First program to run


before Operating System.
It is a firmware BIOS performs a
program that is diagnostic test called
embedded on a chip on POST to check the
your motherboard. hardware components

Get everything ready


to work so the Starts the Boot
Operating System can Process
be started.
Ensure that the POST is a
hardware is diagnostic
working properly check that
before the runs
system attempts automatically
to load the when the
operating computer is
system. powered on.
Unified Extensible
Legacy BIOS is used in Firmware Interface
older motherboard to UEFI is the modern
turn on the computer. successor to the
traditional BIOS.
✓Traditional
✓Uses MBR Partition Scheme
✓Text-based interface for configurations and
settings
✓Initialize in sequential manner
✓Limited security features
✓Requires specific keys to access BIOS settings
✓16-bit processor mode
✓Modern
✓Uses GPT
✓Graphical and mouse supported interface
✓More user friendly
✓Advanced initialization
✓Secure Boot feature
✓32-64-bit processor mode
READ ONLY MEMORY FLASH MEMORY
✓ This was the original ✓This is the common
type of memory used type of memory used
for BIOS and could not for modern BIOS and
be written can be written, allowing
for updates and bug
fixes.
POWER ON SELF TEST CMOS SET UP

BOOTSTRAP LOADER BIOS DRIVERS


METHOD # 01 METHOD # 02

✓Using hotkeys ✓Using Start Menu


during boot-up
METHOD # 01
✓Using hotkeys during boot-up
❖ F2 is commonly used on many systems, but
some may use Del, Esc, or function keys like
F10, F12.
❖ "Press F2 to enter setup"
1. Open the Start Menu
METHOD # 02 2. Access Settings
✓Using Start Menu 3. Go to Update and Security
4. Go to Recovery
5. Click advanced start up
6. Click restart now
7. After restarting, click
troubleshooting
8. Click advanced options
▪ Beeps/No beeps – could indicate either
something’s wrong or nothing’s wrong,
▪ Short single beep – Passed the POST
▪ 3 long beeps – Keyboard error
▪ Continuous short beeps – RAM Module error
Checks the hardware components installed in your
computer such as:
- RAM
- HDD
- Processor
- Other Bootable Device
Hardware Initialization and Configuration
- Configures the various hardware components to
ensure they work together.
Booting the operating system
- The BIOS identifies the bootable device (usually the
hard drive) and loads the operating system (OS) into
memory.
Low-level Input/Output (I/O) control
• The BIOS also provides an interface for basic input
and output operations, including managing
keyboard, mouse, and display functionalities before
the OS is fully loaded.
System Management and Security
• Modern BIOS versions often offer additional
features like password protection for system access,
power management options, and fan control
settings.
Hardware Configuration Adjustment
• You can access the BIOS settings through a
software interface (accessed by pressing specific
keys during boot) to configure various hardware
parameters like boot order, memory timing, and
overclocking settings (not recommended for
beginners).
BIOS Setup / CMOS Setup
• You cannot directly modify the CMOS chip itself.
Instead, you modify the settings within the BIOS
interface, which then gets saved in the CMOS
memory.
1. Incorrect Boot Device Selected
Error: “No Boot Device Found” or “Operating System
Not Found.”
Cause: The wrong boot device is selected in the
BIOS/UEFI.
Solution:
Restart your computer and press the BIOS/UEFI key
(DEL, F2, or F12).
Go to the Boot Order or Boot Priority menu.
Set the drive containing Windows as the primary boot
device.
Save the changes and restart your computer.
2. Keyboard or Mouse Not Detected
Error: "Keyboard not detected" or "No keyboard
detected, press any key to continue."
Cause: Faulty connection, damaged ports, or
unsupported devices
Solution:
Check Connections:
Test on Another Computer:
Replace Batteries (Wireless Devices):
Enable USB Ports in BIOS:
Replace the Device:
3. Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)
The BSOD error message tells users that Windows
stopped running to help prevent further device and
hardware damage. While the BSOD is open on your
screen, the computer is typically inoperable and unable
to repair itself through automatic repair.

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