ISBN: 978-93-5291-653-5

Agricultural Sciences
Animal Science
Biochemistry
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences
Computer Science and Information Technology
Disaster Management
Earth Science
Electronic Science and Technology
Engineering Sciences
Environmental Science
Fishery Science
Food Science and Technology
Geo-informatics
Geography
Home Science
Management and Information Science
Mathematical Sciences
Microbiology
Medical and Dental Science
Molecular Biology
Nanotechnology
Pharmaceutical Science
Physics
Plant Science
Science, History and Society
Social, Economical, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Science and Technology
Statistical Sciences
Veterinary Science

Proceedings of the 13th Session of

Jammu and Kashmir Science Congress

University of Kashmir
In Collaboration with J&K State Science,
Technology & Innovation Council, Govt. of J&K.
Hazratbal Srinagar 190006
http://jksc2018.in
 Proceedings of the
13th Session of
Jammu and Kashmir
Science Congress

ISBN: 978-93-5291-653-5
Publisher: University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India.
Publication Date: 2 April, 2018
Editors: Prof. Zafar A. Reshi and Dr. M. Tariq Banday

University of Kashmir
Hazratbal Srinagar 190006
http://jksc2018.in

Copyright Notice: © All rights are reserved by the University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India.

Printed at: ACCESS Publications, Khushi Pora Zainakot Industrial Estate, Srinagar. Tel.: +919797000110
 Hon’ble Governor of Jammu and Kashmir State
and the Chancellor of University of Kashmir

I learn that the University of Kashmir is organizing the 13th JK

Science Congress, in collaboration with Jammu and Kashmir
State Science, Technology & Innovation Council. The theme of
this Congress is: “Emerging Technologies and Human Society:
Applications and Constraints”.

I gather that the deliberations at the Congress will focus attention

on the applications of emerging technologies such as artificial
intelligence, precision farming, genomic vaccines, liquid biopsies,
nanotechnology etc. which have the potential of bringing about
revolutionary changes in the pattern of future human existence.

I believe that the forthcoming Science Congress shall provide a valuable opportunity to
the participating academics, scientists, technologists and researchers to deliberate on
emerging trends and innovations in the science and technology arena and evolve pragmatic
approaches for scientific knowledge to be applied in the most beneficial manner for the
growth and development of society.

I wish success to the organizers of the Congress and fruitful deliberations to the participants.

N. N. Vohra
 Hon’ble Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir State
and Pro-Chancellor of University of Kashmir

I am glad to learn that University of Kashmir in collaboration

with J&K State Science, Technology & Innovation Council is
organizing the 13th session of J&K Science Congress from
2nd to 4th April, 2018.

The theme “Emerging Technologies and Human Society:

Applications and Constraints” is relevant for the present
times when technology upgradation is taking place at an
exceptionally fast pace. It is heartening to know that scientists
from all across the country are presenting their research papers
on various emerging themes, disciplines and subjects.

I would like to urge scientists, academicians, research scholars, students and all other
stakeholders to take full advantage of this event and foster linkages for collaborative,
multi-institutional and trans-disciplinary research and create an enabling environment for
innovative and inventive research.

I am confident that the recommendations which would emerge after due deliberations
during this Congress would help us utilize scientific and technological advances for our
economic development.

I congratulate the organizers and convey my good wishes to the participants in their future
endevours..

Mehbooba Mufti
 Hon’ble Minister for Finance, Education, Labour & Employment,
Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir

I am extremely glad to hear that the University of Kashmir

is organising the 13th session of the J&K Science Congress
- 2018 on a very important theme titled “Emerging
Technologies and Human Society: Applications and
Constraints”. The event is expected to bring together top-
notch scientists and budding researchers in the field of
science and technology to deliberate on how the emerging
technologies and applications are influencing the society
at large, and how to strike a balance between use of such
technologies vis-à-vis application of human mind.

Organizing such conferences not only allows cross-fertilization of ideas and sharing
of knowledge but also helps in building bridges between various stakeholders in the
country with the larger objective of resolving the common problems.

I congratulate the Vice Chancellor of the University, Prof Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi and his
team for organising this Congress and choosing a very important theme for the same.
I also wish the University all success in its future endeavours.

S. M. Altaf Bukhari
 Hon’ble Minister for Information Technology,
Technical Education, Youth Services & Sports,
Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir

I am delighted to know that University of Kashmir is

organizing the 13th Session of Jammu and Kashmir Science
Congress 2018 from April 2 to 4, 2018 on the theme
’Emerging Technologies and Human Society, Applications
and Constraints.’

The Jammu and Kashmir Science congress provides an ideal

forum for the National and State level experts including
scientists, policy makers, scholars, students and other
stakeholders to present their research work. It is a platform
to exchange ideas, promote collaborations and advance the cause of Science and
Technology in the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

I sincerely hope that the 13th J&K Science Congress 2018 shall be a great opportunity
to ponder over and reflect on the global scientific advancements and their likely impact
whether regional or local. I hope that the delegates are able to create knowledge,
indentify and eliminate constraints for its successful and responsible application in the
transition to a more inclusive and sustainable society.

I wish the organisers all the very best and hope that the Congress is able to generate
ideas for a better future.

Molvi Imran Raza Ansari

 Hon’ble Minister for Social Welfare, Science & Technology and
ARI & Trainings, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir

I am happy to learn that the University of Kashmir is

organising the 13th Session of Jammu and Kashmir Science
Congress from 2nd – 4th April 2018.

The human being has an inherent instinct to acquire and

explore knowledge to address human challenges. Without
this yearning for knowledge mankind would not have been in
a position to unravel the mystique of nature and make huge
inroads into the field of science & technology. I sometimes
lament that we don’t sufficiently invest in knowledge which
most often than not pegs us back in comparison to the league of developed nations.
However, things seem to be changing with added focus on encouragement of scientific
temperament and pursuit of knowledge. I believe this congress is an effort in this
direction with the objective to acquire, assimilate and dispense knowledge. I have
no doubt that this congress will make our students and scientists not only richer in
knowledge but more self-assured and confident.

Such events as this provide a platform to the researchers to present their findings to
an elite panel of scientists for critical examination and value addition. The discussions
spur more research and often ignite young minds to gainfully contribute for welfare and
wellbeing of mankind.

I have no doubt that this congress will be fruitful for the cause of both the practitioners
as well as researchers of science leading to benefit for the common man. After all,
research must eventually culminate there.

I am happy that the Science & Technology Department, Government of Jammu &
Kashmir which is under my charge is collaborating with the University of Kashmir in this
endeavour. I wish the congress great success and compliment the organisers for this
effort.

Sajad Gani Lone

Vice Chancellor
University of Kashmir

It is a great pleasure and honor to extend a warm welcome

to the participants of 13th Session of J&K Science Congress
being held from April 02–04, 2018. The Congress is jointly
being organized by University of Kashmir and J&K State
Science, Technology & Innovation Council, Government of
Jammu and Kashmir. The theme of the Congress has been
chosen as ‘Emerging Technologies and Human Society:
Applications and Constraints’.

I am very hopeful that the Science Congress will prove to

be an important platform where experts from different fields
will share their expertise on how to tackle some of the most pressing challenges being
faced in today’s world.

I am also sure that the gathering of an array of scientists and science peers at one
platform will give an opportunity to the participants to share their ideas and get
benefited mutually. I encourage the delegates to also spare some time to enjoy the
natural beauty of this region.

I once again welcome all the participants and wish the Congress a great success.

Prof. Khurshid I Andrabi

Dean Academic Affairs
University of Kashmir

During the past few decades, the world has witnessed a

dramatic change in the growth, development and application
of technology that has led to a tremendous improvement
in human abilities and performance. As a consequence, not
only have the outreach and efficiency of the members of a
society enhanced but also the vistas of knowledge have
widened. Realizing the significance of growing technologies
in everyday life, I am immensely happy to state that the
University of Kashmir is organizing the 13th Session of Jammu
and Kashmir Science Congress on «Emerging Technologies
and Human Society: Applications and Constraints» from 2nd
April to 4th April 2018 and a souvenir is being brought out to
commemorate this occasion.

On behalf of the organizing committee of this Congress, I extend a warm welcome to the
speakers, panellists, delegates, paper presenters and the participants of the Congress.
The members of the University community look forward to an exciting three-day event of
insightful presentations, discussions, and sharing of technical ideas with colleagues from
across the country.

I am confident that this congress will offer participants a platform to generate discussions
on contemporary issues and come up with significant and meaningful recommendations.
Besides, I am equally confident that it will offer an initiative for collaborative research
projects for academia and industry.

I thank all participants for attending the Congress and hope that they enjoy their stay in
the enthralling valley. I hope and pray for the success of the Congress.

Prof. Musadiq A. Sahaf

Co-Convener JKSC-2018
Editors’ Note
In view of spectacular scientific breakthroughs, discoveries and inventions that have the potential
to influence human societies in unbelievable ways, the 13th session of Jammu & Kashmir Science
Congress was appropriately themed as “Emerging Technologies and Human Society: Applications
and Constraints”. The endeavor was to seek research papers, posters, and presentations from
scientists, researchers, policy planners and wider society on different facets of these emerging
technologies in order to maximise their benefits whilst minimising the challenges.

It is heartening to note that in all 1337 abstracts of presentations were received covering about
30 research areas of vital interest. We thank all the contributors for their overwhelming response.
These abstracts were thoroughly reviewed for their quality, content, and relevance by very able
reviewers drawn from different departments and institutions. We place on record our deep
appreciation for their expert evaluation of the abstracts and we respect their decision about the
suitability of the abstracts submitted for presentation during the congress. The abstracts were also
scrutinized for plagiarism using standard softwares. Based on this intensive review process, 390
abstracts could not be accepted for presentation. Thus, 934 abstracts of 571 oral and 363 poster
presentations are included in this proceeding.

We must acknowledge the untiring efforts of all members of Editorial Team for working beyond
their comfort zones and making possible to have this proceedings in the present form.

Notwithstanding our best efforts, it is quite possible that some unintentional mistakes might be
in the Proceedings of the 13th Session of Jammu and Kashmir Science Congress which would be
addressed at the time of publication of the full-length papers selected after due peer reviewing
process.

We once again thank the entire Editorial Team for their tireless work, professional and painstaking
approach and dedication with which they worked for last several months despite their professional
and private commitments.

Zafar A. Reshi

M. Tariq Banday
Organizers and Committees

Chief Patron: Shri Narinder Nath Vohra, Honorable Chancellor, University of Kashmir.

Patron: Ms. Mehbooba Mufti, Honorable Pro-Chancellor, University of Kashmir.

Co-Patron: Prof. Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, University of Kashmir.

Convener: Prof. Zafar Ahmad Reshi, Dean Research, University of Kashmir.

Co-Convener: Prof. Musadiq Amin Sahaf, Dean Academic Affairs, University of Kashmir.

Organizing Secretary: Dr. M. Tariq Banday, Head Department of Electronics and Instrumentation
Technology, University of Kashmir.

Advisory Committee:
• Mr. Syed Mohammad Altaf Bukhari, Honorable Minister for Education, Government of Jammu &
Kashmir.
• Mr. Sajad Gani Lone Honorable Minister for Social Welfare, ARI & Trainings and Science &
Technology, Government of Jammu & Kashmir.
• Molvi Imran Raza Ansari, Honorable Minister for Information Technology, Technical Education and
Youth Services & Sports, Government of Jammu & Kashmir.
• Prof. Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, University of Kashmir.
• Prof. R. D. Sharma, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Jammu University.
• Prof. Nazeer Ahmed, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, SKUAST, Kashmir.
• Prof. Pradeep K. Sharma, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, SKUAST, Jammu.
• Prof. Mehraj-ud-Din Mir, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Central University of Kashmir.
• Prof. Ashokh Aima, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Central University of Jammu.
• Prof. Mushtaq A. Siddiqi, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Islamic University of Science and Technology.
• Prof. Sanjeev Jain, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Shri Mata Vishno Devi University, Katra.
• Prof. Javed Musarrat, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajori.
• Prof. Sheikh Javeed Ahmad, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Cluster University of Kashmir.
• Prof. Anju Bhasin, Honorable Vice-Chancellor, Cluster University of Jammu.
• Prof. Omar Javed Shah, Director, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar.
• Prof. Rakesh Sehgal, Director National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Kashmir.
• Prof. Ram A. Vishwakarma, Director, Indian Institute of Management, Jammu.
• Prof. M. S. Gaur, Director Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu.
• Prof. Musadiq Amin Sahaf, Dean Academic Affairs, University of Kashmir.
• Prof. Zafar Ahmad Reshi, Dean Research, University of Kashmir.
• Prof. Nilofar Hassan Khan, Dean College Development, University of Kashmir.
• Dr. Asgar Hassan Samoon, Commissioner/Secretary, Department of Higher Education, Govt of
J&K.
• Shri. Hemant Kumar Sharma, Commissioner/Secretary, Administrative Secretary, Department of
Science and Technology, Govt. of J&K.
• Prof. Zohra Afzal, Dean, School of Arts, Languages and Literature.
• Prof. Akbar Masood, Dean Faculty of Unani Medicine.
• Prof. Azra N. Kamili, Dean, School of Biological Sciences.
• Prof. Khurshid A. Butt, Dean, School of Business Studies and Registrar University of Kashmir.
• Prof. Asifa Jan, Dean, School of Social Sciences.
• Prof. F. A. Masoodi, Dean, School of Applied Sciences and Technology.
• Prof. Peerzada Shariefuddin, Dean, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
• Prof. M. Sultan Bhat, Dean, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences.
• Prof. M. Arif Wani, Dean, School of Engineering.
• Prof. Mohammad Hussain, Dean, School of Law.
• Prof. M. Iqbal Mattoo, Dean, School of Education and Behavioural Sciences.
• Prof. Riyaz Farooq, Dean, Faculty of Dentistry.
• Prof. Samia Rashid, Dean, Faculty of Medicine.
• Prof. Irshad A. Nawchoo, Director, Directorate of Admissions and Competitive Examinations.
• Dr. M. Yousuf Bhat, Controller of Examinations, University of Kashmir.
• Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat, J&K State Science, Technology & Innovation Council, Department of
Science & Technology, Govt of J&K.

Technical Committee:
• Prof. Akbar Masood, Head, Department of Bio-Chemistry.
• Prof. Azra N. Kamili, Head, Center of Research for Development (CORD).
• Prof. G. M. Bhat, Director, Institute of Engineering.
• Prof. F. A. Masoodi, Head, Department of Food Science and Technology.
• Prof. M. H. Gulzar, Head, Department of Mathematics.
• Prof. Anwar Hassan, Head, Department of Statistics.
• Prof. M. S. Bhat, Head, Department of Geography & Regional Development.
• Prof. Mohammad Akbar Khuru, Head, Department of Chemistry.
• Prof. S. A. Ramshoo, Head, Department of Earth Sciences.
• Prof. Inayatullah Tahir, Head, Department of Botany.
• Prof. Fayaz Ahmad Raja, Head, Department of Zoology.
• Prof. Raies Ahmad Qadri, Head, Department of Bio-Technology.
• Prof. Nahid Vaida, Director, Institute of Home Science.
• Prof. Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Department of Physics.
• Prof. M. Arif Wani, Head, Department of Computer Sciences.
• Prof. Zulfiqar Ali Bhat, Head, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
• Prof. Samia Rashid, Principal, Govt. Medical College Srinagar.
• Dr. Irshad Ahmad Wani, Director, North Campus, University of Kashmir.
• Dr. Ashfaq A. Zari, Director, South Campus, University of Kashmir.
• Dr. Shajrul Amin, Coordinator, Department of Clinical Biochemistry.
• Dr. Rabia Hamid, Coordinator, Department of Nanotechnology.
• Dr. Manzoor Ahmad Shah, Chief-Coordinator, Directorate of Internal Quality Assurance.
• Er. Maroof Nayeem Qadri, Director, Directorate of IT & SS.
Organizing Committees:
Registration:
Prof. Manzoor A. Malik (Physics), Dr. M. A. K. Beigh (Statistics), Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad
Khanday (Mathematics), Dr. Shabir A. Parah (Electronics), Dr. Zahid Ashraf Wani (Library
Science), Dr. Nadeem Akhter Khan (Library Sciences), Ms. Farhat Ruhee (Electronics), Dr. Samiullah
Bhat (Environmental Sciences), Dr. M. Yaseen (Law), Dr. Mir Mubashir Altaf (Law).

Program & Venue:

Prof. Irshad A. Nawchoo (Botany) and Prof Fayaz Ahmad Raja (Zoology), Prof. M. Farooq Mir (Physics), Dr.
M. Iqbal Zargar (Pharmaceutical Sciences), Dr. Seema Singh (Zoology), Dr. Naseer A. Pir (DR Estates).

Reception:
Prof. Musadiq A. Sahaf (Dean Academic Affairs), Prof. Zafer A. Reshi, (Dean Research), Prof. Neelofar
Khan (DCDC), Prof. G. M. Bhat (Institute of Engineering), Prof. Asifa Jan (Political Science), Prof.
S. A. Ramshoo (Earth Sciences), Dr. Syed Hussain Mir (Clinical Biochemistry), Dr. Ehtisham Ul Haq
(Biotechnology), Dr. Sameer Gul (Library Sciences), Dr. Humaira Azeem (Home Science).

Accommodation:
Prof. Peerzada Shariefuddin (Mathematics), Prof. S. A. Ramshoo (Earth Sciences), Prof. B. A.
Ganai (CORD), Dr. Gowhar Bashir Vakil (Physics), Dr. Basharat Ahmad Want (Physics), Dr. Javaid A.
Sheikh (Electronics), Mr. Reyaz A. Patloo (Manager Guest House), Mr. Sikender (Liaison Officer).

Transportation:
Prof. Zulfikar Ali Bhat (Pharamacy), Dr. Tariq A. Chesti (Distance Education), Dr. Pervaiz
Ahmad (Geography), Dr. G. N. Badger (Pharamacy), Dr. Nisar A. Khan (Pharamacy), Mr. Mubarik A.
Shah (DR Transport).

Hospitality & Catering:

Prof. Azra Kamili (CORD), Prof. M. Sultan, Prof. Akbar Khoru, Prof. Aneesa Shafi, Prof. I. A. Mayer, Dr.
Gh. Jeelani (Earth Science), Dr. Tariq Ahmad (Arabic), Dr. Irfan Rashid (Botany), Dr. Nisar Ahmad Khan
(Pharmaceutical Sciences), Dr. M. Altaf Bhat (Biotechnology), Dr. Altaf Hussain Mir (Zoology), Dr. M.
Arif Zargar (Botany), Dr. Parvaiz Ahmad Sheikh (Statistics), Dr. Yahya Bashtiyar (Zoology).

Printing, Publication & Website:

Prof. Zafar A. Reshi (Dean Research), Dr. M. Tariq Banday (Organizing Secretary), Dr. Farooq A.
Khanday (Electronics), Dr. Imtiyaz A. Khan (Zoology), Mr. Akhter Rasool (EMMRC), Ms. Shafiya A.
Sheikh (Electronics), Dr. Showkat Shafi (DR DIQA).

Finance and Purchase:

Prof. M. S. Bhat (Geography and Regional Development), Prof. F. A. Masoodi (Food Science and
Technology), Prof. Khalid M. Fazli (Biotechnology), Prof. Mohammad Hussain (Law), Dr. M. Tariq Banday
(Organizing Secretary), Dr. Hidayat Ullah Tak (Zoology), Dr. Farooq Ahmad Khanday (Electronics).

Invitation and Coordination:

Prof. M. Hussain (Law), Dr. M. Tariq Banday (Electronics), Dr. Tariq Rashid Jan (Statistics), Mr. Faheem
Aslam (PRO), Mr. Reyaz Ahmad Mir (Law).
Security:
Dr. Naseer Iqbal (Chief Proctor), Dr. Ajaz Ahmad Wani (Dy. Chief proctor), Er. Reyaz Ahmad
Qureshi (Proctor), Dr. Javeed Ahmad Rather (Proctor), Dr. Saima Farhad (Proctor), Dr. Mir Junaid
Alam (Proctor), Dr. Imtiyaz A. Khan (Zoology), Mr. Parvaiz Ahmad (Chief Security Officer), Habib-Ullah
Sheikh (Security Officer).

Virtual Sessions & IT Support:

Dr. Majid Zaman Baba (Director NAD&DA), Er. Maroof Quadri (Director IT&SS), Er. M. Aasim Banday
(IT&SS), Er. Imtiyaz A. Bhat (IT&SS), Mr. Sahil (IT&SS), Mr. Suhail A. Shah (IT&SS).

Volunteers:
Mr. Mujtaba Yousuf Kathjoo, Mr. Zaid M. Shah, Mr. Aadil Tahir, Mr. Ishfaq Sultan, Mr. Reyaz A. Matanghi,
Mr. Ismat Shah Masoodi, Mr. Mudasir Ahmad Dar, Mr. Gul Faroz A. Malik, Mr. Mubashir Ahmad,
Mr. Zaid M. Shah, Mr. Abdul Wahid, Mr. Shahid Ahmad Malik, Ms. Aiman Jan, Ms. Mariya Shafat,
Ms. Shafiya Afzal, Mr. Nasir Nabi Hurrah, Ms. Uzma, Mr. Nazir Ahmad Lone, Ms. Tawheed Jan, Ms.
Syed Umira Riyaz, Mr. Shakeel Ahmad Bhat, Ms. Muzamil Hassan, Ms. Subba Amin, Mr. Muzaffar Gani,
Mr. Arshid Iqbal Khan, Ms. Sumina Sidiq, Mr. Zahid Ahmad Bhat, Mr. Raqeeb Ur Rehman, Ms. Farhana
Mustafa, Ms. Saima, Dr. Javeed Iqbal, Dr. Faisal Bashir, Ms. Sakeena, Ms. Solihah Gul, Mr. Altaf A.
Balkhi, Mr. Zaffar Iqbal, Mr. Javaid Ahmad Kaw, Er. Furqan Zahoor, Er. Ramesah Nisar, Er. Tamanna
Nazir, Er. Shamas Ul Haq, Er. Mursal Ayoub Hamdani, Ms. Nighat ul Nisa, Mr. Yawar Hussain Parrah,
Mr. Nafee Maqbool, Mr. Aamir Majeed, Ms. Rassy Fayaz, Mr. Umer Hameed Shansaz, Mr. Rouf Ahmad
Bhat, Mr. Iqram-Ul-Haq, Mr. Hameem Mushtaq, Mr. Syed Suhail A. Simnani, Ms. Mir Nazish.
Keynotes and Invited Lectures
Keynotes
Emerging Technologies and their Impacts on Modern Civilization by Prof. R. P. Tandon, Depart-
Keynote 1:
ment of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi University.
Understanding our Universe Through Emerging Science and Technology by Prof. S. N.
Keynote 2:
Hassan, Department of Mathematics, Malulana Azad National Urdu University, India.
Climate Change Scenario over Himalayas by Prof. A. P. Dimri, School of Environmental Sciences,
Keynote 3:
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

Invited Lectures

Birth and Beyond – The Impact of Domestic Violence Through the Antenatal Period by Prof. Beu-
Lecture 1: lah Shekhar, Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Director, Center for Empowerment &
Womens Studies, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Kanpur, India.
Biofuel- Cellulosic Ethanol by Dr. Venkatesh Subramanian, Department of Biotechnology, Manon-
Lecture 2:
maniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012, Tamil Nadu, India.
Glass Transition Temperature of Phosphate Glasses Studied by SSNMR by Dr. Sabarinathan
Lecture 3: Venkatachalam, Institute of Physics, Augsburg University, Universiätsstr. 1, D86159 Augsburg,
Germany, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012, Tamil Nadu, India.
Photocatalytic Semiconductor for Solar Fuel Generation by Dr. Nagarajan Srinivasan, Department
Lecture 4:
of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Re-thinking Education with Use of Technology: Prospects and Challenges by Prof. Neelam Sood,
Lecture 5: Department of School and Non-Formal Education, National University of Educational Planning
and Administration, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi, India
Design Issues in an Energy Autonomous IoT Sensor Node by Prof. M. Hasan, Department of Elec-
Lecture 6:
tronics Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Probiotics in Aquaculture by Dr. A. Palavesam, Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam
Lecture 7:
Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) in Augmenting the Yield of Medicinal Plants by Prof. Rupam Kapoor,
Lecture 8:
Department of Botany, University of Delhi
Scope of Drug Discovery and the Role of Stress in the Formation of Lead Molecules in Medicinal
Lecture 9: Plants of India by Prof. Subhash C. Mandal, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata, India.
Biomimetics: Present Technologies and Future Challenges by Prof. Kamal Jaiswal, Department of
Lecture 10: Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road,
Lucknow, India.
Organic Farming: A Safe Food Production Strategy by M. Y. Zargar, Director Research, SKUAST-K,
Lecture 11:
India.
Fish Biodiversity of Jammu and Kashmir State by Prof. Masood H. Balkhi, Faculty of Fisheries,
Lecture 12: Rangil, Ganderbal, Kashmir, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of
Kashmir, India
Designer Gene Technologies for Reproduction and Health - Perspectives and Applications by
Lecture 13: Prof. M. L. Madan, former Vice Chancellor, Deendayal Upadhaya University of Veterinary Science,
Mathura, UP, Vice Chancellor, Punjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University, Akola, MS, India.
 Summary
Total Number of abstracts received 1337
Accepted 934
Number of abstracts accepted for oral presentations 571
Number accepted for poster presentations 363
Number of abstracts rejected 390
Number of abstracts withdrawn 13

Area Wise Distribution of Abstracts

Accepted
Area Received Rejected Withdrawn
Total Oral Poster
Agricultural Sciences 125 68 28 40 56 1
Fishery Science 41 35 15 20 6 0
Plant Science 92 79 47 32 13 0
Animal Science 92 69 44 25 22 1
Biochemistry 40 29 9 20 10 1
Biotechnology 26 19 6 13 6 1
Microbiology 24 17 10 7 7 0
Medical and Dental Science 47 24 14 10 23 0
Molecular Biology 25 11 10 1 13 1
Pharmaceutical Science 78 45 21 24 32 1
Veterinary Science 42 30 30 0 12 0
Chemical Sciences 73 45 14 31 27 1
Mathematical Sciences 53 31 30 1 20 2
Physics 34 26 19 7 6 2
Statistical Sciences 40 27 20 7 13 0
Computer Science and Information Technology 65 53 24 29 12 0
Electronic Science and Technology 75 61 55 6 14 0
Engineering Sciences 40 30 24 6 10 0
Food Science and Technology 53 32 13 19 21 0
Home Science 14 11 2 9 3 0
Nanotechnology 14 10 6 4 3 1
Disaster Management 8 7 7 0 1 0
Earth Science 34 29 20 9 5 0
Environmental Science 75 52 34 18 22 1
Geo-informatics 22 21 14 7 1 0
Geography 20 19 16 3 1 0
Management and Information Science 15 12 7 5 3 0
Science, History and Society 10 8 6 2 2 0
Social, Economical, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Science and
19 15 13 2 4 0
Technology
Other Areas 41 19 13 6 22 0
Total 1337 934 571 363 390 13

i
 Table of Contents
Agricultural Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-200 Climate Change Impact on Different Rice Cultivars at Different Locations of Kashmir Valley by Shabana 12
Tabasum, Kanwal Nain Singh.
JKSC-213 Insect Pollinator Diversity of Major Traditional Leafy Vegetables (Kale and Knol khol) in Kashmir Himalayas 41
by Deelak Amin, Muneer Ahmad, M.A Parray.
JKSC-214 Efficacy of Some Insecticide Molecules Against Apple Blossom Thrip (ABT) at Pink Bud Stage in Apple 28
Orchards of Kashmir by Muneer Ahmad, M. A. Manto.
JKSC-221 Severity of Tuber Feeding Insect Pests of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Northern Districts of Kashmir 61
Valley by Mohmmad Munib, Arshad Abass.
JKSC-232 Chemical Scavengers and Microalgae Mediated Methane Enrichment in Biogas by Fayaz Ahmad Malla. 10
JKSC-284 S allelic Variation for Self-Incompatibility Studies in Almond (Prunus amgydulis dulcis) by Aarifa Jan, Reiaz 59
Ul Rehman, Asif B. Shikari, K.M. Bhat, J. I. Mir.
JKSC-301 Effect of Soil Solarization on the Growth of Onion (Aliium cepa L.) and Onion Blight Disease by Efath 25
Shahnaz, Vijay Kumar Razdan , Saba Banday.
JKSC-307 Comparative Efficacy of Three Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Pieris brassicae by Tarique Hassan 13
Askary, M. Jamal Ahmad.
JKSC-316 Mating Behavior of Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on A Field-Caged Host Tree 47
by Sajad Mir, Sheikh Bilal Ahmad.
JKSC-333 Cone, Seed and Germination Characteristics in Silver Fir (Abies pindrow spach) Along the Altitudinal 15
Gradient by Hilal Ahmad Bhat, Arshid.H. Mughal, Merajudin Dar.
JKSC-387 Diversity of Coccinellid Beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) in South Kashmir, India by Razia Rasheed, 19
A.A.Buhroo.
JKSC-397 Quantitative Assessment of Soil Quality Index Under Different Tillage Systems in Temperate Himalayas by 55
Shazia Ramzan, Mushtaq Ahmad Wani, Pervez Ahmad
JKSC-419 Influence of Alfalfa Based Vermicompost on Growth and Yield of Tomato under Cold Arid Conditions of 39
Kargil (Ladakh) of Jammu & Kashmir, India by Malik Asif, Fayaz A. Lone, Shazia Lone, Nazir Ahmad,
Mushtaq A.Malik.
JKSC-440 Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Insect Pests Attacking Walnut Orchards of Central Kashmir by Shaziya 18
Gull Zargar, Tariq Ahmad Shosha, Ajaz Rasool Magray.
JKSC-461 Utilization of by-Product viz Broken Rice and Apple Pomace for the Formation of Healthy Snack by Extrusion 70
Technology by Munazah Mehraj, Haroon Rasheed Naik, Monica Reshi, Fozia Shafi.
JKSC-483 Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Post-Archean Metasedimentary Rocks of Bomdila Group, 45
Arunachal Pradesh, NE Lesser Himalaya by Shamshad Ahmad, Naqeebul Islam.
JKSC-544 Biological Potency of Certain Plant Extracts in the Management of Mythimna separata walker (Lepidoptera: 9
Noctuidae) by Gousul Nisa Sheikh, Insha Yousuf Mir, Abdul Ahad Buhroo.
JKSC-575 Internet of Things in Agriculture-Recent Developments and Upcoming Challenges by Saqib Parvaze Allaie, 42
Sabah Parvaze, Jagvir Dixit, Latief Ahmad, Junaid N Khan.
JKSC-632 Chemoprofiling of an Underutilized Herb, Portulaca oleracea from Kashmir for Potential Bioactive 11
Constituents Linked to their Antioxidant and Antidiabetic by Omi Laila, Imtiyaz Murtaza.Activity
JKSC-634 Phytochemical Analysis of Eriobotrya japonica, an Underutilized Fruit from Kashmir Region for Better 53
Management of Diabetes by Imtiyaz Murtaza, Omi Laila.
JKSC-714 Long Non-coding RNA Profiles of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell During Bacterial Infection: An 43
Underestimated Layer in Host-Pathogen Interaction by Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz, Qamar Taban, Shakil
Ahmad Bhat, Mashooq Ahmad Dar, Syed Mudasir Ahmad.
JKSC-723 Identification of Phosphate Efficient Potato Cultivars Through Phosphorus by Faheema Mushtaq, Shabir 38
Hussain Khan, Faisal Nabi, Mushtaq Ahmed Chattoo, Kouser Parveen Wani Mehrajudin Shah, Javaid Iqbal
Chisti.Application
JKSC-747 Effect of Nitrogen Application on Quality and Yield of Coriander by Janeesa Nabi, Faheema Mushtaq, 23
Nayeema Jabeen, Shahnaz Mufti, Baseerat Afroza.
JKSC-801 Role of Women in Vegetable Production in Kashmir by Gazala Nazir, Zahoor Ahmad Rather, Nageena Nazir. 57
JKSC-802 Evaluation of Lethal Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Locally Available Therapeutic Plants of Kashmir Valley 31
Against Rose Aphid, Macrosiphum rosae (L) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) by Insha Yousuf Mir, Abdul Ahad
Buhroo, Gousul Nisa Sheikh.
JKSC-806 Effect of Biopriming on Management of Alternaria Solani in Tomato (Solanum lycopersici L.) by Aflaq 21
Hamid, Rouf Ahmad Shah, Gowhar Ali, Mohmmad Ilyas Bhat, M. Ashraf Bhat.

iii
JKSC-811 Response of Onion to Different Sources and Levels of Sulphur by Mushtaq Ahmed Chattoo, Angrez Ali, 56
Kouser Parveen Wani Mehrajudin Shah, Shahnaz Muft, Tariq Ahmed Bhat, F. Mushtaq.
JKSC-823 Scenario of Crop Production in Temperate and Cold Arid Region with Respect to Climate Change by Latief 60
Ahmad, Raihana Kanth, Sabah Parvaze .
JKSC-870 Trichoderma Based Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles, their Characterization and Antifungal Activity 68
by Shazia Parveen, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, Shauket Ahmed Pala Jahangir Abdullah Koka.
JKSC-905 Per Se Performance of Vegetable Amaranth under Temperate conditions of Kashmir Valley by Labiba Riyaz 52
Shah, Baseerat Afroza, S. H. Khan, Ambreen Nabi, Ummaiyah H. Masoodi Mehraj-u-din Shah, Mudasir A.
Magray.
JKSC-913 Genetic Studies in Vegetable Amaranth by Baseerat Afroza, Labiba Riyaz Shah, K. P Wani Faheema, Mushtaq 34
Ambreen Nabi, Rakshanda Bhat.
JKSC-923 Nematode Community Structure as Bio-Indicator of Soil Quality in Agroecosystems Near Yamuna River by 50
Shikha Ahalavat, Ashok Kumar Chaubey.
JKSC-929 Promising Clonal Rootstocks for Apple by Nazir Ahmad Ganai, Khalid Rasool Dar, Angrej Ali, Zahoor Ahmed 54
Rather.
JKSC-948 A Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of miRNA related SSRs (miRNA-SSRs) for Heat 3
Tolerance in Wheat and Diversity Analysis for Heat Tolerance miRNA Genes in Wheat by Raheel Shafeeq
Khan Sandhya Tyagi, Asma Hamid Mir, M. Anwar Khan, Mohd Ashraf Bhat, Reyazul Rouf Mir.
JKSC-973 Hydrological Modelling of Runoff of Vishav Watershed Using Swat by Ifra Ashraf, Noureen Khurshid, Tahir 37
Wahid, Faheem Ahmed Malik.
JKSC-1002 Gene Discovery for Root Traits in Indian Wheats Using Genome Wide SSR Markers by Farkhandah Jan, 33
Reyazul Rouf Mir, Mohd Altaf Wani, M.A.Khan, M.Ashraf Bhat.
JKSC-1014 Molecular Characterization of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Isolates DH8 and its Application on Pest 49
Management by Aasha Rana, Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Ashok Kumar Chaubey.
JKSC-1033 Advances in Rootstock Development of Apple by Nazir Ahmad Ganai, Tahir Saleem Shah, Zahoor Ahmed 4
Rather.
JKSC-1048 Low Cost Automation of Irrigation in Agriculture by G M Mir, Altaf Ahmad Balkhi, N A Lala, N. A. Sofi. 44
JKSC-1060 Agriculture and Climate Variability: Role of Agriculture Insurance in Risk Management by Rubeenah Akhter 5
JKSC-1063 Heavy Metal Concentration Due Use of Different Agrochemicals in Some Land-Use Systems of District 36
Baramulla by Basharat Ahmad Bhat, S.K Raina, Syed Hujjatul Baligah, Ab. Lateef Shah, Aamir H. Mir
JKSC-1065 Evaluation of Garlic Germ Plasm for Yield, Insect Pest Incidence and Storage Quality by Mushtaq Ahmed 30
Chattoo, Nayeema Jabeen, Mehrajudin Shah, Rizwan Rashid, Faheema Mushtaq, Javaid Iqbal Chishti,
Mohammad Mudasir Magray.
JKSC-1067 Influence of Post-Bloom Application of Hormones and Hormone Nutrient Combinations on Apple Fruit 40
Physical Quality Attributes under Kashmir Conditions by Mohsin Ahmad Hajam, G I Hassan, Muneeb A.
Wani, Ejaz A. Parray, Mehraj Ud din Khanday.
JKSC-1078 Effect of Processing Conditions on Expansion Ratio and Break Strength During Extrusion of Rice and Carrot 24
Blend by Nargis Yousf, Khafiza Ahsan, Hafiza Ahsan.
JKSC-1085 Evaluation of Onion Genotypes for Yield Insect Pest Incidence and Storage Quality by Mushtaq Ahmed 32
Chattoo, Athar Ali, Sumati Narayan, Mehrajudin Shah, Faheema Mushtaq, Rizwan Rashid, Aijaz Malik,
J.I.Chishti.
JKSC-1108 Strengthening Crop Economy: SKUAST-Kashmir on Way to Double Income of Farmers in Kashmir Valley 62
by Sajad Hassan Baba, Gowhar Ali.
JKSC-1160 Comparative Evaluation of Different Locally Available Mounting Materials for their Suitability under 14
Temperate Conditions of Kashmir by Haroon Rashid Ahmad, Gulzar Ahmad Khan, Mrinal Kanti Ghosh.
JKSC-1182 Application of Parametric Techniques to Analyze the Trend of Tea Export from India by Bhagyashree 7
Dhekale, P K Sahu, P Mishra, Nageena Nazir.
JKSC-1186 The Cluster Size Quantification and Low Ambient Temperature Relationships in Apis mellifera Honey Bee 65
Colonies During Winter Season in Kashmir, Himalaya by Shayista Yousuf, Manzoor Ahmad Paray.
JKSC-1188 Modelling and Forecasting of Sunn Hemp in India by Bhagyashree Dhekale, Pradeep Mishra, Nageena Nazir, 48
S A Mir.
JKSC-1198 Cost Benefit Ratio of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Cultivation vis-a-vis Use of Organic and Bio-fertilisers by 16
Sabina Nasseer Malik, Shahina Ahmad Nagoo, Niyaz A. Dar, Tariq A. Shah, Mudasir Hafiz Khan F.A.Nehvi.
JKSC-1203 Rootstock Effect and Horticultural Characteristics on Seasonal Nutrient Dynamics in Some Exotic Apple 58
Cultivars by Javeed Ahmad Rather, Fayaz Ahmad Misgar, N. Ahmed, Aarifa Jan.
JKSC-1214 Germplasm Characterization and Development of Genetic Resources for Mapping Genes/QTLs for Early 35
Maturity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Safoora Shafi, Mohd Tahir, Mohd Anwar Khan, Mohd Ashraf
Bhat, Asma Hamid, Hilal Ahmad, Reyazul Rouf Mir.
JKSC-1242 Biochemical Parameters of Goats under Different Managemental Interventions During Winter in Kashmir 8
Valley by Sehrish Shafiq Butwani, Raoof Ahmad Patoo, Aliya Fayaz.
JKSC-1291 TILLING and ECO-TILLING: A Reverse Genetic Approach for Crop Improvement by Azra Khan, Ishfaq 66
Abidi, Z.A.Dar.

iv
 JKSC-1298 Estimate the Relative Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis for Yield Components in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea 29
(L.) Czern&Coss) by Richa Bharti Bharti, Surinder Kumar Gupta, Neelam Chaudhary.
JKSC-1302 Efficacy of Fungicides and Bio-Control Agents Against Tuber Rot Disease of Kala Zeera Caused by Fusarium 27
oxysporum by Sabiya Bashir, Mohammad Najeeb Mughal, Seerat un Nissa, Zahoor A. Dar, Jahangeer A.
Baba, S.A. Hakeem, R.A.Wani.
JKSC-1304 Efficacy of Bio-Control Agents Against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn Causing Sheath Blight of Rice by 26
Mohammad Najeeb Mughal, Mushtaq Ahmad Teli, Sabiya Bashir.
JKSC-1328 New Approaches to Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation by Aatifa Rasool, K.M. Bhat, Shafia Zaffar. 51
JKSC-1390 Development of Genetic Resources for Mapping Nutritional Traits in Indian Wheats by Mohd. Tahir, Safoora 17
Shafi, Mohd. Anwar Khan, Mohd. Ashraf Bhat, Asma Hamid, Hilal Ahmad, Reyazul Rouf Mir.
JKSC-1400 Alleviation of Agrometeorological Risks for Agro-Entrepreneurs: A study of Jammu and Kashmir by Shakir 6
Hussain Parrey, Iqbal Ahmad Hakeem, Ahmed Tauqeer Zahid.
JKSC-1410 Transcriptomics for Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Nutritional Traits in Common 67
Bean from North Western Himalayas of State Jammu and Kashmir by Irshad Ahmad Rather, Sofora Jan,
Reyazul Rouf Mir, Asma Hamid, Mohd. Ashraf Bhat.
JKSC-1427 Marker Based Screening of Rice Genotypes for Fertility Restoration Genes by Asma Majid, Ghulam Ahmad 46
Parray, Najeeb Rehman Sofi, Asif Bashir Shikari, Showkat Ahmad Waza, Shazia Gulzar.
JKSC-1461 Effect of Fatty Acid Mixture on the Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. by Firdose 22
Ahmad Malik, Y. Srinivasa Reddy, S. S. Mamatha.
JKSC-1463 Studies on Some Biochemical Parameters of Haemolymph of Bivoltine Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. During 63
Different Rearing Seasons of Kashmir by Awquib Sabhat, Firdose Ahmad Malik, M. A. Malik.
JKSC-1495 Diversity of Root Associated Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes of Betula utilis in Kashmir Himalayas by Nafeesa 20
Farooq Khan, Zafar Ahmad Reshi.
JKSC-1517 Understanding Common Bean Domestication and QTLs/Gene Discovery for Key Nutritional Traits & 69
Anthracnose Resistance in Common Bean from North-Western Himalayas by Reyazul Rouf Mir, Neeraj
Choudhary, Vanya Bawa, Mahindar Thudi, Anu Chitikineni, Rajeev K. Varshney, Bikram Singh, Moni Gupta,
Parvaze Sofi, Mohd Ashraf Bhat.
JKSC-1551 Submergence Effect on Micronutrients Availability in Basmati Growing Soils of Jammu by Mansoor Ali, Ali 64
Akbar, Sharafat Hussain.

Fishery Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-172 A Study on the Milt of Snow Trout, Schizothorax niger (Heckel, 1838) in Temperate Waters of Kashmir by
74
Charenjeet Singh, Ali Mohd Najar , F. A. Bhat, M.H. Balkhi, Shabir A. Dar.
JKSC-272 Oligochaeta as Bio-Indicator of Water Quality under Temperate Climatic Conditions by Adnan Abuakr, Altaf
97
Ahmad.
JKSC-303 Stock Structure Analysis of Nemipterus japonicas from West Coast of India by Mudasir Maqsood Hakim
103
Miland Sawant, Ravindra Pawar, Anil Pawase.
JKSC-334 Limnological Features of Ahansar Lake, Kashmir by Hafsa Javeed Reshi , Adnan Abubakr, Masood-ul-
95
Hassan Balkhi Farooz Ahmad Bhat, Ashwini Kumar , Rizwana Malik, Bilal Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-335 Fish Diversity of Ahansar Lake, Kashmir by Hafsa Javeed Reshi , Adnan Abubakr, Masood-ul- Hassan Balkhi
91
Farooz Ahmad Bhat, Ashwini, Kumar , Rizwana, Malik, Bilal Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-359 Reproductive Biology and Histological Characters of Male Fish Schizothorax plagiostomus in River Lidder
99
from Kashmir Himalaya by Muddasir Jan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan.
JKSC-364 Responsible Research & Innovation: A Key to Potential Enhancement of Fisheries Sector of Kashmir Region
100
by Rizwana Malik.
JKSC-380 Studies on the Artificial Breeding of Brown Trout, Salmo trutta farrio from Kashmir Valley by Ishtiyaq
104
Ahmad, Imtiaz Ahmed, Reyaz Ahmad Wani, Zubair Ahmad Sheikh.
JKSC-381 Distribution Pattern, Threats and Conservation of Fish Biodiversity in the River Jhelum, Kashmir Valley by
85
Zubair Ahmad Sheikh, Imtiaz Ahmed , Ishtiyaq Ahmad.
JKSC-437 Histopathology of Intestines of Labeorohita Infected by Trematode Parasite Euclinostomum reticulatum by
93
Palaq, Seema Langer , Fayaz Ahmad.
JKSC-441 Impact of Anthropogenic Pressure on Ichthyo-diversity in relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters of Anchar
94
Lake, Srinagar by Muzamil Bashir, Mohammad Farooq Mir.
JKSC-728 Effect of Dietary Phenylalanine Levels on Growth, Hemato-Biochemical Composition and Tyrosine
Replacement Value for Phenylalanine in Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Hamilton) Fingerling by 86
Imtiaz Ahmed.
JKSC-749 Determination of Age in Fishes Using Various Methods: A Review by Kousar Jan, Imtiaz Ahmed, Zubair
84
Ahmad Sheikh, Quseen Mushtaq Reshi, Ishtiyaq Ahmad.

v
 JKSC-798 Environmental and Anthropogenic Issues of River Jhelum by Quseen Mushtaq Reshi, Imtiaz Ahmed, Zubair
88
Ahmad Sheikh, Kousar Jan , Ishtiyaq Ahmad.
JKSC-867 Evaluation of Helminth Parasitic Load and the Effect of Pomphorhyncus on Antioxidant Status in
Schizothorax plagiostomus of Nallah Sukhnag, Kashmir by Shafaquat Nabi , Syed Tanveer, Showkat Ahmad 90,
Ganie.
JKSC-1045 Effect of Supplementation of Beetroot Waste Extract on the Pigmentation of Puntius conchonius by Tasaduq
Hussain Shah, Asma Ahad, Oyas A Asimi, M H Balkhi, F. A Bhat, Adnan Abubakr, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Sobiya 87
Gul.
JKSC-1052 Biometric Analysis of Schizothorax niger Heckel, 1838 from Kashmir Valley by Tasaduq Hussain Shah ,
80
Sobiya Gul, F. A Bhat, M H Balkhi, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Asma Ahad, Syed Nadima , Hafsa Javeed.
JKSC-1056 Genetic Characterization of Saprolegniaspp Infesting Rainbow Trout in Hatcheries of Kashmir-Himalaya by
92
Syed Aalia Mushtaq, Irfan Ahmed, Masood-ul- Hassan Balkhi, Feroz Ahmad Bhat, Syed Talia.
JKSC-1059 Study on Haematological Parameters of Schizothorax niger Heckel during Three Seasons Pre-Spawning,
106
Spawning and Post-Spawning Periods in Dal Lake, Kashmir by Iqra Farooq Wani, Farooz Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1062 Comparison of Reproductive Characteristics in Farmed and Wild Females of Scale Carp, Cyprinus carpio
Var. Communis During Spawning Season in Kashmir by Ishrat Mohammad Dar, Farooz Ahmad Bhat, 83
Masood-ul-Hassan Balkhi, Tasaduq Hussain Shah , Bilal Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1064 Morphological Differentiation between Riverine and Lacustrine Populations of Snow Trout Schizothorax
niger from Kashmir Using Truss Morphometry by Tasaduq Hussain Shah , Sobiya Gul, F. A Bhat, M H Balkhi, 96
Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Asma Ahad, Asma Ahad, Syed Nadima , Hafsa Javeed.
JKSC-1082 Biometric Analysis and Length Weight Relationship of Carassius carassius (Linneaus , 1758) in Dal Lake,
Kashmir by Syed Nadima Hilal Qadri , Farooz Ahmad Bhat, M. H. Balkhi, T. H. Shah, F. A. Shah, Oyas Asmi, 79
B. A. Bhat.
JKSC-1120 Evaluation of Growth Promoting and Immunostimulatory Effects of Feed Probiotic Biosyn in Labeo rohita
89
by Iqra Nazir, Rikhi Singh Chauhan.
JKSC-1145 Bioaccumulation of Selected Metals and Histopathological Alterations in Tissues of Adenoscolex oreini from
Dal Lake, Kashmir Valley by Asifa Wali, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi, Rafia Maqbool, Muzaffar Ali Andrabi, 77
Mohammad Maqbool Darzi , Feroz Ahmed Shah , Bilal Ahmed Bhat.
JKSC-1161 Studies on the Yolk Consumption and Initiation of Feeding in Case of Labeo rohita under Laboratory
105
Conditions by Yahya Bakhtiyar, Seema Langer.
JKSC-1163 Age and Growth Pattern of Schizothorax labiatus McClelland Inhabiting River Jhelum, Kashmir by Iram
Farooq Shah, Farooz Ahmad Bhat, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi, Tasaduq Hussain, Sauliheen Qadri , Syed 75
Aalia Mushtaq , Syed Talia Mushtaq.
JKSC-1177 Variations in Protein Estimation and Fatty Acid Classes during Different Developmental Stages of Rainbow
107
Trout Testes by Rayees Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1187 Pathogenic Fungi Oomycetes; Saprolegnia spp., Causing Systemic Mycosis of Onchorhynchus mykiss- A
Farm Fish of Kashmir Valley by Aqib Rehman Magray, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Fayaz Ahmad Bhat, Mohd, 98
Maqbool Darzi, Gulam Jeelani Dar.
JKSC-1332 Some Studies on the Reproductive Biology of Snow Trout Schizothorax curvifrons in River Jhelum Kashmir
101
by Sauliheen Qadri, Tasaduq Hussain Shah.
JKSC-1359 Biochemical Changes Associated with the Tissues (Liver, Muscle and Ovary) of Schizothorax niger at
78
Different Stages of Gonadal Development by Yusra Ashraf , Md. Niamat Ali, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi.
JKSC-1360 A Preliminary Study of Proximate Composition of Tissues with respect to Maturity Stages of Female Rainbow
73
Trout (Onchoryhncus mykiss) by Azra Bashir, Md. Niamat Ali, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi.
JKSC-1378 SPE-RP-HPLC-UV Technique for Determination of Fish Reproductive Hormones by Ningthoukhongjam
102
Soranganba, I. J. Singh.
JKSC-1386 Alteration in Hematology Parameters of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with respect to Sex by Imtiaz Ahmed,
76
Gower Bilal Wani, Zubair Ahmad Sheikh, Naveed Nabi, Mohd Awas, Muzamil, Sidiq, Amina Hassa.
JKSC-1544 Comparative Study of Reproductive Traits of Schizothorax labiatus and Schizothorax esocinus in River
82
Jhelum (Jammu & Kashmir) by Musharaf Gul, Op Gusain, R.A.Magray.
JKSC-1566 Comparative Study of Parasitic Burden in Fishes from Lotic and Lentic Ecosystems in Kashmir by Ibraq
81
Khurshid Wani, Fayaz Ahmad Bhat.

Plant Sciences
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-217 Medicinal, Biological and Industrial Properties of Maize Grass by Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat. 148
JKSC-248 Symbiotic Germination of Crepidiuma cuminatum (D. Don) Szlach by Sayeeda Kousar Bhatti, Jagdeep 176
Verma.
JKSC-266 Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salt Stressed Mustard 125
Plants by Naveed Gulzar, M.P. Sharma, Peerzada Yasir Yousaf.

vi
JKSC-271 Molecular Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with the Roots of Anthemis cotula 151
L. in Kashmir Himalaya, India by Salika Ramazan, Manzoor Ahmed Shah.
JKSC-300 Floriculture - A Sunrise Industry by Fahima Gul, Inayatullah Tahir. 133
JKSC-306 Soil Microflora of Sonamarg Forest Area of Kashmir Himalaya by Sumira Tyub, Azra N Kamili, Ubaidah 170
Akhter, Khairul Nisa, Imran Khan.
JKSC-312 Variation of Soil Nutrients of Aesculus indica at different Altitudes of Kashmir Misia L. by Ashiq Hussain 180
Lone, Eugenia P. Lal, A.H. Munshi.
JKSC-358 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Meconopsis aculeta royle Against Human 130
Pathogenic Bacteria by Mudasar Ganaie, Tareq Wani, Zahoor A. Kaloo, Bashir A. Ganaie , Hilal A. Ganaie,
Rafiq A. Shah, Yaseen A. Sheikh.
JKSC-362 Induction of Variability under in Vitro Conditions Following EMS Mutagenesis in Hyoscyamus niger L. by 143
Durdana Shah, Azra Nahaid Kamili, Aijaz A. Wani, Nazish Nazir, Sumira Tyub.
JKSC-411 Jasmonic Acid Enhances Nickel Stress Tolerance in Raphanus sativus: Underlying Physiological and 146
Biochemical Mechanisms by Mudaser Ahmad Mir, Riffat John.
JKSC-426 Enhanced Shoot Regeneration and Varied Root Morphology of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. in Response 128
to EMS and Gamma Irradiations in Vitro by Sabreena Rafi, Azra N. Kamili, Bashir A. Ganai, Javid A. Parray,
Mohammad Yaseen Mir.
JKSC-439 Frequency and Abundance of Sparganium erectum L. and Trapa natans L.(Macrophytes) Altered by Bird 134
Foraging in Hokersar Wetland, Kashmir by Suzana Bashir, Azra Naheed Kamili, Manzoor A.Shah.
JKSC-450 Altitudinal Variability in Major Bioactive Compounds from High Value Medicinal Plants of Kashmir 111
Himalayas by Syed Mudassir Jeelani, Arti Sharma, Gulzar A. Rather, Surrinder K. Lattoo.
JKSC-454 Biological Sensitivity of Chemical Mutagens on Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) by Mohammad Rafiq 113
Wani, Abdul Rashid Dar, Afroza Akhter, Irfana Amin Qureshi, Naseer Hussain Shah, Reyaz ul Rehman.
JKSC-474 Cyto-Morphological Diversity of Buttercups (Ranunculus L.) and their Changing Demography in Kashmir 117
Himalaya by Fayaz Ahmad Lone, Gh. Hassan Dar, B. A. Wafai.
JKSC-475 Ethno-mycological Study, Nutritional Value and Antioxidant Activity of Some Wild Mushrooms of Kashmir 129
Himalaya by Abdul Rashid Malik, Shameem Ahmad Shameem, Abdul Hamid Wani, Bashir Ahmad Ganaie,
Jehangir A Koka, Zahoor A. Bhat.
JKSC-479 Induction of Mutations in Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) Using Physical and Chemical Mutagens by Masrat 142
Kareem, Bushra Nabi, Aijaz A. Wani.
JKSC-484 Morphological and Cytogenetic Characterization of Unexplored Medicinal Plant Epimedium elatum (Morr & 155
Decne) from Kashmir Himalayas in India by Sajad Ahmad Lone, Saleem Mushtaq, Qazi Pervaiz Hassan,
Suphla Gupta.
JKSC-505 Fungal Rot of Potato and its Biological Control by Trichoderma harzanium by Mysara Majeed, Nusrat Ahmad, 135
Sumaiya Rehman, Jahangir A. Koka, A. H. Wani, M.Y.Bhat.
JKSC-512 Role of Exogenous Selenium on Growth of Proso Millet under Salinity Stress by Aadil Rasool, Inayatullah 166
Tahir, Reiaz Ul Rehman.
JKSC-514 Domestication of Underutilized Crops by Reiaz Ul Rehman. 122
JKSC-519 Reversal of Membrane Damage by Application of Exogenous Selenium in Setaria Italica L. under Salt Stress 164
by Wasifa Hafiz Shah, Inayatullah Tahir, Reiaz Ul Rehman.
JKSC-564 Cumulative Role of Gamma Degraded Sodium Alginate and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Biochemical 116
Processes and Yield Attributes in Mentha spicata L. by Mohammad Afaan Fazili.
JKSC-566 Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis and Expression Profiling of ABC Transporter Family of Crocus sativus 138
L: A Step towards Understanding Apocarotenoid Transport by Tabasum Mohiuddin, Shoib Ahmad Baba,
Nasheeman Ashraf.
JKSC-570 Identification, Cloning and Characterization of a Single MYB-Repeat Transcription Factor, Csmyb13950 137
from Crocus sativus L. by Zahid Yaqoob Bhat, Nasheeman Ashraf.
JKSC-588 Diversity and Efficient Conservation Strategies of Some Imperative Orchid Species Growing in Kashmir 120
Himalaya-India by Gowhar Ahmad Shapoo, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo, Seema Singh, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Bilal
Ahmad Tali, Samar Amin, Jasfeeda Qadir.
JKSC-595 Novel Mechanisms of Pollination in Some Important Endemic Medicinal Plant Species of Kashmir Himalaya 157
by Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Bilal A Tali, Zafar A. Reshi, Irshad A. Nawchoo, Anzar A Khuroo.
JKSC-623 Dynamic Changes of Growth Parameters and Antioxidant Enzyme Responses of Chicory Plants (Cichorium 188
intybus L.) Grown in Mercury-Induced Stress by Bisma Malik, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah, Inayatullah Tahir,
Reiaz Ul Rehman.
JKSC-657 Effect of Various Factors on Protoplast Isolation in Artemisia Amygdalina decne by Mohammad Yaseen Mir, 126
Gulab Khan Rohela, Azra N. Kamili, Qazi P. Hassan.
JKSC-684 Medico- Botany of Some Medicinal Plants Used by the Traditional Healers of Mountainous Pir-Panjal Region 149
and its Adjoining Area (Northwest Himalaya) by Mahroof Khan, Yogesh Sharma.
JKSC-686 Studies on Cadmium Induced Seedling Mortality, Folair Toxicity Symptoms, Plant Growth, Proline Content 171
and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Mustard (Brassica campestris L.) by Wasifa Noor, Shahid Umar, Azra N
Kamili , Durdana Shah.

vii
JKSC-738 Phenology of Plant Species at Alpine Grassland (Meadow) of Pirpanjal Range of Kashmir Himalaya by Ishfaq 159
Ahmad Wani, Susheel Verma, Anees Un Nisa, Shakir Ul Haq.
JKSC-754 Identification and Characterization of Apricot Cultivars/ Genotypes of Kashmir Valley by Showkat A. Zargar, 136
Aijaz A. Wani, M. I. S. Saggoo.
JKSC-773 Antimycotic Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall Ex. Benth and Iris 112
kashmiriana Baker Against Vegetable Rot Fungi by Jahangir Abdullah Koka, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd
Yaqub Bhat, Tariq Ahmad Wani.
JKSC-777 Characterization of Buckwheat Germplasm of Kashmir using RAPD Markers by Javaid Ahmad, Aijaz A. Wani, 114
Inayatullah Tahir.
JKSC-803 Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Apple (Malus ×Domestica Borkh) From North 154
Kashmir of J & K State by Zahid Hussain Najar, Aijaz Ahmad Wani.
JKSC-819 Dynamics of Vegetation and Regeneration of Trees along Elevational Gradients in Relation to Climate Change 123
by Bilal Ahmad Lone, Subzar Ahmad Nanda, Zafar A. Reshi.
JKSC-821 Phytochemical Analysis of Active Compounds of Rheum Species Growing in Kashmir Himalaya via HPLC 161
by Shagoon Tabin, Azra.N Kamili, R.C.Gupta.
JKSC-827 Multiple Shoot Formation from Mature Embryos of Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jackson by Sabeena Khan, Azra 156
Nahid Kamili.
JKSC-830 Using Molecular Markers for Breeding Scab Resistant Apple Varieties by Rameez Nazir Rather, Aijaz A Wani, 179
Mehraj-ul-din Shah.
JKSC-848 Synergistic Effect of different Concentrations of Ethylene Antagonist (STS) along with Sucrose on Flower 177
Longevity in Dianthus chinensis L. by Riyaz Ahmad Dar, Inayatullah Tahir, Shaziya Nisar.
JKSC-866 Effect of Catharanthus roseus Leaf Extract on Multi-Drug Resistant Human Pathogens-Escherichia coli and 124
Staphylococcus aureus by Shahnaz Anjum, Urfeya Mirza, Shayista Yousuf.
JKSC-876 Prioritization for Conservation: A Case Study of Medicinal Flora of Jammu and Kashmir State in the Indian 163
Himalaya by Bilal Ahmad Tali, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo, Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo, Aijaz Hassan Ganie.
JKSC-886 In Vitro Fungicidal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Powdery Mildew Fungi by Riyaz Ahmad Mir, 140
Abdul Hamid Wani, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Showket Ahmad Pala, Jahangir Koka.
JKSC-892 Molecular Cloning of HMGR as a Strategy for Elevated Aconite Biosynthesis in Aconitum heterophyllum 152
Wall Ex Royle by Tareq Wani, Zaroor A. Kaloo, Mudasir Ahmad.
JKSC-901 Micro-propagation of Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don by Iram Ashraf Qazi, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo. 150
JKSC-950 Pattern Exhibited by Floristic Functional Diversity in Response to Elevational Gradient in Kashmir Himalaya 158
by Subzar Ahmad Nanda, Zafar A Reshi, Bilal Ahmad Lone.
JKSC-982 Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray and Lentinus tigrinus 131
(Bull.) Fr.; Two Wild Edible Mushrooms of Kashmir Himalaya by Shauket Ahmed Pala, Abdul Hamid Wani,
Bashir A. Ganaie.
JKSC-1007 Emerging Role of Depolymerized Polysaccharides as Plant Growth Regulators by Tariq Ahmad Dar, Moin 127
Uddin.
JKSC-1011 Shun Selfing Via Chirality-Proximate Basis for Dimorphic Enantiostyly by Aabid M. Rather, Irshad A. 167
Nawchoo, Shu-mei Chang, Manoj K. Dhar, R. Raina, Raies A. Qadri, Saduf Nissar.
JKSC-1024 Soil Microbial Functions Differ in Range Expanding vs Native Plants by Nazima Rasool, Manzoor Ahamd 169
Shah, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Zaffar Ahmad Reshi.
JKSC-1041 Role of Anthropogenic Activities in Promoting Invasion by Alien Plant Species in Kashmir Himalaya by 165
Pervaiz Ahmad Dar, Zafar Ahmad Reshi.
JKSC-1042 Chickpea Ionone to Facilitate Gene Discovery for Nutritional Traits in Chickpea by Humara Fayaz Darzi, 115
Asma Hamid Mir, Aijaz. A. Wani, Irshad Ahmad Rather, Mohd Ashraf Bhat, Reyazul Rouf Mir.
JKSC-1050 Influence of Altitude on the Morphological and Biochemical Parameters of Viola Species by Fayeem Aadil, 144
Reiaz Ul Rehman.
JKSC-1053 Suppressive Impact of Some Bioinoculants for Controlling Nematode and Fungal Disease Complex on 175
Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum by Mucksood Ahmad Ganaie , Tabreiz Ahmad Khan.
JKSC-1076 In Vitro Shoot Proliferation of the Nodal Explant of Petunia Hybrida cv. Ultrastar by Farooq Ahmad Dar. 141
JKSC-1116 Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity in Phragmites australis: A Phylogeographer Comparison by Gowher Ahmad 160
Wani, Manzoor Ahmad Shah, Zafar Ahmad Reshi, Damase P Khasa.
JKSC-1117 Strategies for Promoting Multiple Silkworm Cocoon Crops in Jammu and Kashmir State for Sustainable 189
Sericulture by Haroon Rashid Ahmad, Gulzar Ahmad Khan, Mrinal Kanti Ghosh.
JKSC-1205 Silicon Mediated Alleviation of Aluminum Toxicity in Fagopyrum esculentum and its Effect on Phenolic 168
Enzymes by Fayaz Ahmad Dar, Reiaz Ul Rehman, Inayatullah Tahir.
JKSC-1265 Preliminary Studies on Genetic Diversity and Structure of Sambucus wightiana Wall. Ex Wight & Arn by 162
Irshad Ahmad Sofi, Irfan Rashid, R. R. Mir, Zafar A. Reshi.
JKSC-1340 Variable Genetic System and its Correlation with Reproductive Output in Some Species of Genus Artemisia 181
L. by Uma Bharti , Gazala Jaffri Mir, Namrata Sharma.
JKSC-1344 In Vitro Culture of Saffron: A Comparative Study of Explants by Bushra Nabi Parray, Masrat Kareem Dar, 139
Mahpara Mukhtar Kashtwari , Aijaz A Wani.

viii
 JKSC-1381 Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Parthenium hysterophorus L. an Invasive Plant Species in 186
Jammu and Kashmir State, India by Basharat Ahmad Bhat, Tanveer ul Hassan Dar, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo.
JKSC-1383 Differences in Mycorrhizal Colonization and Plant Species Distribution along an Altitudinal Gradient in 187
Kashmir Himalaya by Mudasir Ahmad Dar, Manzoor A Shah, Zafar A Reshi.
JKSC-1404 Morphological and Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Amanita from Pauri garhwal by Mohd Urfan, Rekha 153
Devi.
JKSC-1422 Linking Phenological, Physiological, Phytosociological and Morphological Traits to Invasiveness in Three 147
Species of Amaranthus in the Kashmir Valley, India by Rezwana Assad, Zafar Ahmad Reshi, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1446 Differential-Expression Proteome Profiling of Nitrogen-Inefficient and Nitrogen-Efficient Rice Genotypes by 119
Aadil Yousuf Tantray, Altaf Ahmad Khan, Ruphi Naz, Habiba Kausar, Ghazala Ambrin.
JKSC-1468 Extent of Root Colonization of Anthemis cotula by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Relation to Altitude in 132
Kashmir Himalaya by Afshana Bala, Zafar A. Reshi, Manzoor A Shah, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1503 Studies on Some Wild Mushroom Diversity of Southern Kashmir Himalaya by John Mohd War, Mohd Yaqub 174
Bhat, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mehrajuddin Talie, Zahoor Ahmad Bhat, Tabasum Amin.
JKSC-1507 Documentation of Wild Mushroom Diversity of Kashmir Himalaya Using Morphological and Molecular 121
Approaches by Sheikh Sajad Ahmed, Zafar A. Reshi, Khurshid I Andrabi.
JKSC-1514 Development of Genetically Encoded FRET-Based Nano-sensor of Catechin (Antioxidant) for Real-Time 118
Monitoring by Habiba Kausar, Aadil Yousuf Tantray, Ruphi Naz, Ghazala Ambrin, Altaf Ahmad.
JKSC-1530 The Herbal Plants Used for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthiritis in India: A Review by Arif Bashir Wani, 178
Muzafar Akbar Rather, Tufaila Manzoor.
JKSC-1546 Invasive of Phalaris Minor a Weed in India by Muzafar Akbar Rather, Arif Bashir Wani. 145
JKSC-1577 Phytochemical Screening & Medicinal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants of Kashmir Himalaya by Nissar 173
Ahmad Wani, Sheema Ashaie, Babar Fayyad, Syed Farkanda.
JKSC-1602 Fractions and Availability of Micronutrients to Some Vegetable Crops in Soils of District Budgam by M. A. 185
Bhat.
JKSC-1608 Cone, Seed and Germination Characteristics in Silver Fir ( Abies pindrow SPACH) along the Altitudinal 182
Gradient by Hillal Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1618 Phytochemical Analysis of Active Compounds of Rheum Species Growing in Kashmir Himalaya via HPLC 172
by Shagoon Tabin, Azra N. Kamili, R.C.Gupta.
JKSC-1651 Plant Regeneration Through Organogenesis from Petiole Explants of Heracleum candicans Wall by Mahroofa 184
Jan, Seema Singh, Irshad A. Nawchoo, Farhana Maqbool.
JKSC-1654 Effect of Different Culture Media on Mycelial Growth of Antigonastic Fungi of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) by 183
Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani, Khursheed Aalum.

Animal Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-216 Predicting Climate Change Impact on Parasitism in Domestic Animals of Kashmir Valley by Khurshid Ahmad 232
Tariq Mohammad Lateef.
JKSC-247 Distributional Pattern of Rotifera in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir by Irfan Jamila , A.R. Yousuf. 205
JKSC-270 Antimicrobial Peptides as Host Defense Peptides and Molecular Effectors of Innate Immunity: A Review by 197
Uzma Shabir.
JKSC-305 Evaluation of Immunoblotting Technique for the Diagnosis of Somatic and Excretory/Secretory Antigens of 212
Fasciola hepatica Isolated from Local Sheep Breeds of Kashmir Valley by Jehangir Shafi Dar, Bashir A
Ganai, Irfan-ur-Rauf Tak, Rafiq. A. Shahardar, Mudasir A Tantry.
JKSC-365 Risk Factors and Socio-Economic Status of Pancreatic Cancer in Ethnic Population of Kashmir by Gousia 234
Jeelani, Bashir Ah. Ganai, Sadaf Ali, Zubaida Rasool, Rubiya Dar
Sabeehah Rehman.
JKSC-375 Feeding Ecology of Birds in Temperate and Subtropical Forest of Pir Panchal Range of Middle Himalayan 213
Chain of Doda, J&K by Ajaz Ahmed Wani, Deep Narian Sahi.
JKSC-392 Targeting of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) for Immunotherapy of Cancer by Umar Mehraj Sheikh, 240
Manzoor Ahmad Mir.
JKSC-420 Egg parasitism Caused by Trichogramma spp. Against Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partellus by Riyes Un Aziz, 210
Santosh Gaherwal.
JKSC-427 Diversity and Population Dynamics of Brevicoryne brassicae and Lipaphis erysimi Infesting Brassicaceous 193
Plants in Central Kashmir by Shahnaz Manzoor Butt, Altaf Hussain Mir.
JKSC-488 Anticancer Activity of Deguelin-A Plant Rotinoid by its Binding to Anti Apoptotic Molecules ( Bcl-2, Bcl-xl 202,
and Mcl-1) by Mahak Majeed Zargar, Manzoor Mir.
JKSC-524 Notes on the Breeding Biology of Kashmir Agama Laudakia tuberculata Gray from Teetwal Kupwara J&K, 226
India by Mehraj Bashir, Mustahson Farooq Fazili, Fayaz Ahmad.

ix
JKSC-526 Macrophage Activation by Co-Stimulation Distinctly Influences their Antigen Uptake and Phagocytic 220
Potential by Manzoor Ahmad Mir.
JKSC-560 A Survey Study of Family Coccinellidae and Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in Kargil by Mohd Feroz, Janak 195
Singh Tara, Mohsin Ali.
JKSC-619 Novel Method of Sampling Secondary Hair Follicles for Studying Fiber Transcriptome of Local Cashmere 227
Goat by Aadil Ayaz, Nazir Ahmad Ganai, N.Singh, Zaffar Iqbal Bhat, Basharat Bhat.
JKSC-652 Taenia saginata: An Important Food Borne Zoonotic Infection in Kashmir by Mohammad Lateef, Khurshid 239
Ahmad Tariq.
JKSC-672 Partial Characterization of Exon-VIII of BMPR-1B Gene and Effect of Mutation on Litter Size of Sheep in 228
Kashmir Valley by Shakil Bhat, Sheikh Amir Abdullah, Hakim Mudasir Maqsood, Zaffar Iqbal, Abrar Ahad
Malik.
JKSC-725 Giardiasis and its Impact on Haematological Profile of Infected Children by Iram Abdullah, Hidayatullah Tak, 215
Fayaz Ahmad.
JKSC-783 First Record of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) from Jammu & Kashmir, India by Iram Khurshid, M.Jamal 214
Ahmad, M., Nayyar.
JKSC-835 Rapid Eutrophication of Anchar Lake as Revealed by Zooplankton Bioindicators by Rifat Farooq, Rajendra 233
Chauhan, Mohammad Farooq Mir.
JKSC-857 Management of Insect Herbivores by Entomopathogens in Walnut Ecosystem of Kashmir Himalaya by Tariq 221
Ahmad, Dietrich Stephan.
JKSC-859 Status and Distribution of House Sparrow: A Review by Umer Hameed Shansaz, Mustahson F. Fazili,, Bilal 236
Ahmad Bhat, Hameem Mushtaq .
JKSC-863 Lead Induced Toxicity Modulated by Long Co-exposure of Zinc Among the Occupationally Exposed Workers 219
by Ab Latif Wani, G. G. H. A. Shadab.
JKSC-873 Status of Vultures in India: A Review by Hameem Mushtaq Wani, Mustahson F. Fazili, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, 237
Umer Hameed Shansaz.
JKSC-883 Determination of Acute Toxicity and Histopathological Impact of Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in 204
Carassius carassius (Crucian carp) by Anjum Afshan, Md Niamat Ali, Farooz Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-884 Nesting Biology of Black Crowned Night Heron in Hokersar Wetland, Kashmir by Ishfaq Nazir Wani, 225
Mustahson Farooq Fazili, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Aadil Habib Mir, Fayaz Ahmed.
JKSC-922 Epidemiology of Oestrus ovis L. 1761 (Diptera : Oestridae) in Sheep in Kashmir Valley, India by Mohmad 211
Muzafar Sheikh Hidayatullah Tak, Mustahson Farooq Fazili.
JKSC-926 Neoechinorhyncus sp (Acanthocephala) from the Intestine of Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) from River Tawi, 224
Jammu by Shabina Shamim, Fayaz Ahmed.
JKSC-952 Toxicity of Zinc Sulphate on Biochemical Parameters of Intestine and Gill of Freshwater Fish, Heteropneustes 241
fossilis (Bloch) by Sualiha Tabassum, Alka Tiwari, Mohammad Farooq Mir.
JKSC-961 Alterations in Haematological Profile of Cyprinus carpio Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticide (Malathion) 196
by Masarat Jan, Md Niamat Ali, Farooz Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-965 Toxicological Studies and Evaluation of Nematicidal Potential of Select Medicinal Plants of Kashmir by Sadaf 242
Hafiz, Syed Tanveer, G.N. Bader.
JKSC-974 Transrectal Ultrasonography of Bovine and Bubaline Female Reproductive Tract by Mehrajuddin Naikoo, A.J 243
Dhami, D.M. Patel, K.A. Sofi, F.A. Lone.
JKSC-1029 Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters to Determine the Pollution Status of a Warm Monomictic Lake of 238
Kashmir, J&K, India by Mohd Yaseen Gudoo, Anuja Gupta, Mohammad Farooq Mir.
JKSC-1093 Cestode Incidence and Electrophoretic Pattern of Somatic Proteins from Adenoscolex oreini (Cestoda: 200
Caryophylleidae) by Nighat Un Nissa, Fayaz Ahmad, Nazir Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1138 Description of Loffienema dehnoriensis gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from Jammu and Kashmir 203
State, India by Kaisar Ahmad Allie, Ali Asghar Shah.
JKSC-1158 Identification and Preservation of Phylum Arthopoda of Class Insecta of Order Coleoptera from Different 245
Areas of Srinagar of Kashmir Valley by Toyeeba Hassan Mir, Tariq Ahmad Shosha, Nayr Azim.
JKSC-1176 Pathogenicity Trails for Control of Spodoptera litura Using Heterorhabditid nematode (Rhabditoid: 229
Heterorhabditidae) in Laboratory Conditions by Suman Bhargava, Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Aasha , Ashok
kumar Chaubey.
JKSC-1234 Percent Occurrence of Prey in the Diet of Common Leopard (Pantherapardus) at Dachigam National Park by 230
Kulsum Ahmad Bhat, Naziya Khurshid, Muniza Manzoor, Sheema Zaffar, Asma Zafar, Shabeena Farooq,
Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Ulfat Jan.
JKSC-1253 Macroinvertebrates of Dal Lake: An Effort to Assess the Diversity, Abundance, Population Density and 259
Trophic Status by Aubid Bashir, Anuja Gupta, Mohammad Farooq Mir.
JKSC-1268 Effect of Yeast (Sacchromyces cerevisae) and Herb (Urtica dioica) Supplementation on in-vitro Digestibility 208
and Fermentation Attributes of Paddy Straw by Subata Mehbob, A.M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad, Yasir
Afzal.
JKSC-1269 Effect of Yeast (Sacchromyces cerevisae) and Herb (Urtica dioica) Supplementation on Performance and 209
Nutrient Utilization of Crossbred by Subata Mehbob, A.M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad, Yasir Afzal.

x
 JKSC-1271 Haemato-Biochemical and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Sheep Fed Yeast and Herb Supplemented 216
Paddy Straw by Subata Mehbob, A.M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad, Yasir Afzal.
JKSC-1276 Postprandial Changes in Rumen Microflora and Fermentation Pattern in Sheep Fed Paddy Straw Based 231
Complete Feed Supplemented with Probiotics Mix by Gowher Gull Sheikh, A.M. Gana, G. G. Sheikh, H.A.
Ahmad, Yasir Afzal.
JKSC-1277 Effect of Feed Additives Supplementation Alone and in Combination on Quantitative and Qualitative Wool 207
Attributes of Growing Corriedale Lambs by Gowher Gull Sheikh, A.M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad,
Yasir Afzal.
JKSC-1326 Jammu and Kashmir: A Healthy Ecosystem over Globe by Showkat Hussain, Susan Manohar. 218
JKSC-1329 Status and Distribution of Himalayan Goral (Nemorhaedus goral): A Review by Jahangir Ahmad Dar, 235
Mustahson Farooq Fazili, Bilal Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1330 Avifaunal Survey of Kashmir University Campus Srinagar, Kashmir by Iqram Ul Haq, Bilal A. Bhat, 198
Sabeehah Rehman, Zaffar Rais Mir, Yawer Hussain Shabir.
JKSC-1353 Checklist of Birds of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary by Raiees Raja, Md. Niamat Ali, G. Ahmad Bhat. 201
JKSC-1372 Bacterial Diversity Associated with Rainbow Trout (Oncoryhnchus mykiss): A Cultured Fish of Kashmir 199
Valley by Sabeehah Rehman, Ruqeya Nazir, Gulam Jeelani Dar.
JKSC-1382 Ecto & Endo Parasites of Fish Fauna of River Jehlum and Sindh by Yawer Husssain Parra, Ibraq Khurshid 206
Wani, Fayaz Ahmad, Iqram ul Haq.
JKSC-1398 Myxozoan Parasites Infesting Cultured Fishes in Punjab (India) by Anu Katoch. 223
JKSC-1406 A Study on Distribution of Avifauna in Shallabough Wetland, Ganderbal Kashmir by Humera Imtiaz, Bashir 194
Ahmed Ganai.
JKSC-1457 Ichthyofauna of Vishav Stream of South Kashmir: A Short-Term Study by Mohammad Yasir Arafat, Yahya 217
Bakhtiyar.
JKSC-1549 Morphology, Habitat & Distribution of Ground Beetle (Leistus sp.) by Dheeraj Sharma. 222
JKSC-1552 Syrphid Flies: Collection and Mass Culture in Laboratory by Falak Mushtaq, Md. Niamat Ali, Akhtar Ali 249
Khan, Mohd. Maqbool Reshi.
JKSC-1567 Women Empowerment and the Aspect of Capacity Building by Sanober Rasool, S.A Hamdani, Abdul Hai, 244
A.H Akhand, Aaliya Fayaz Bhat, Sheikh Shubeena.
JKSC-1615 Biological Investigations on Alcidodes porrectirostris (Marshal), A Major Insect Pest on Walnut Trees, 248
Juglans regia L.) in Kashmir by Sajad Ahmad Khan.
JKSC-1630 Sericulture in Kashmir: Potential of Employment Generation by Altaf Hussain Mir. 250
JKSC-1636 Prevalence of Helminth Parasitism of Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) in South Kashmir by Aamir 251
Hamid, Syed Tanveer, Mohmad Muzafar Sheikh, Abrar Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1649 Seroprevalence of Hydatidosis in South Kashmir by Abas Andrabi, Hidayatullah Tak. 247
JKSC-1650 Helminth Parasitic Load and the Effect of Pomphorhyncus on Antioxidant Status in Schizothorax 252
plagiostomus of Nallah Sukhnag, Kashmir by Shafaquat Nabi, Syed Tanveer, Showkat Ahmad Ganie.
JKSC-1652 Phylogeny of Steinernematid Nematodes and its Associated Symbiont from Meerut by Aashaq Hussain Bhat, 253
Aasha, Ashok Kumar Chaubey.
JKSC-1655 Mass Production of Entomopathogenic Nematodes by in Vivo Technique; A Brief Review by Sumaya Mehraj, 246
Hidyatullah Tak, Tarique Hassan Askary.
JKSC-1657 Histochemical Study on Cholinesterase and its Physiological Importance in Paramphistomum cirvi 254
(Paramphistomatidae: digenea) by Pervaiz Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1658 A High Throughputs and Consistent Method for the Sampling and Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria Allied to 255
High Altitude the Medicinal Plant Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex. G. Don) by Javid A. Parray, Uqab Ali Baba,
Mohammad Yaseen Mir Nowsheen Shameem.
JKSC-1659 Ascariasis in Free Roaming Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Kashmir Valley by Sheikh Tanveer 256
Salam, Pervaiz Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1672 Species Complex Evidencing Genetic Relatedness Among the Members of the Genus Thelohanellus 257
(Cnidaria: Myxosporea) Infecting Cyprinid Carps from Indian Subcontinent by Harpreet Kaur.
JKSC-1693 Effects of Sewage Pollution on the Fish Health by Mehraj ul maqbool, Bashir A. Lone. 258
JKSC-1694 Anthelmintic Properties of Euphorbia wallichii Wall Against Sheep Nematodes by Abida Khan, Hidayatullah 260
Tak, Requya Nazir, Bashir A. Lone.
JKSC-1705 Pathological Alterations Due to Parasitic Burden in Labeo rohita by Irfan Ahmed Noorani, Palaq. 261

Biochemistry
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-338 Expression Undercurrents of Sonic Hedgehog in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancers by Madiha Niyaz, Mosin 293
Saleem Khan, Mahboob Ul Hussain, Rauf A Wani, Omar J Shah, Syed Mudassar.

xi
JKSC-351 Antimicrobial Potential of a Gal-Nac Specific Lectin Purified from Pongamia pinnata Against Extended 267
Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Bacteria Responsible for Urinary Tract Infection by Aijaz Ahmad
Ganaie.
JKSC-463 Polymorphic Study of OGG1 Gene in Gastric Cancer Patients of Kashmir by Rukhsana Akhtar, Nazia, Zainab 285
Mushtaq.
JKSC-516 TL6317C2 A Potent Anticancer Molecules Against Colon Cancer by Rohina Bashir, Ovais Zargar, Sumaya 292
Hassan, Nasreena sajjad, Muzafar Ahmad Bhat, Rohaya Ali, Qazi Parvaiz, Rabia Hamid.
JKSC-530 DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Report from Kashmir- India by Bushra Nissar, 271
Falaque Ul Afshan, Misbah, Nuzhat Shaheen, Bashir Ahmad Ganai.
JKSC-636 Evaluation of Inhibitory Activity of Dipsacus inermis Extract on Production of LPS-stimulated Pro- 277
Inflammatory Mediators in J774 Murine Macrophages by Sumaya Hassan, Shilpa Gupta, Abubakar Wani,
Sameer U.Khan, Nasreena Sajjad, Showkat A Ganai, Rabia Hamid.
JKSC-656 Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hyperglycemia by Rheum spiciformis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats 281
and Characterization of Isolated Compound by Aashiq Hussain Bhat, Khalid Bashir Dar, Mohammad Afzal
Zargar, Akbar Masood, Showkat Ahmad Ganie.
JKSC-664 Detergent Solubilized Monomeric Aβ1-42 Peptide Production from E. coli Bacteria by Gh Jeelani Mir, Asma 270
Rehman Ansari.
JKSC-666 Promoter Polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene are Associated with the Risk of Coronary Artery 288
Disease in the Kashmiri Population by Nuzhat Shaheen Khan, Mohammad Sultan Allai , Bashir Ahmad Ganai,
Bushra Nissar Bhat, Misbah Majid, Falaque ul Afshan.
JKSC-689 Effect of Methylamine Osmolytes on the Functional Activity and Aggregation of Oxidoreductases by Usma 273
Manzoor Wani, Fasil Ali, Tanveer Ali Dar.
JKSC-720 Anti-Oxidative Prospect and Liver Protective Action of Texus Wallichiana Extracts by Muzafar Ahmad Bhat, 265
Showkat Ahmad Ganie.
JKSC-732 Modulation of Structure and Functional Activity of Catalase by Polyol Osmolytes Accumulated Under 282
Oxidative Stress Disorders by Fasil Ali Wani, Usma Manzoor, Tanveer Ali Dar.
JKSC-814 Protease Inhibitors Purified from Sophora japonica Seeds Show Potential Therapeutic Efficacy by Mudasar 289
Nabi, Aaliya Bhat, Shayaq ul Abeer Rasool, Sairish Ashraf, Shajrul Amin.
JKSC-834 Is Oral Contraceptive Pill a Drug of Choice for Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Saika Manzoor, 280
Humira Jeelani, Iram Ashaq Kawa, Sairish Ashraf, Qudsia Fatima, Syed Sakina, M .Ashraf Ganie, Fouzia
Rashid.
JKSC-877 Assessment of Clinical, Metabolic, Hormonal and Hematological Parameters in Women with Polycystic 268
Ovary Syndrome by Iram Ashaq Kawa, Fouzia Rashid, Akbar Masood, Qudsia Fatima, Humira Jeelani, Saika
Manzoor.
JKSC-880 Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Active Extracts of Fragaria 275
nubicola by Suhail Anees, Showkat Ahmad Ganie, Rabia Hamid.
JKSC-893 Antimicrobial Effect and Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Selected Medicinal 266
Herbs of Kashmir Valley by Khalid Bashir Dar, Aashiq Hussain Bhat, Shajrul Amin, Akbar Masood, Showkat
Ahmad Ganie.
JKSC-970 Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Pathway in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line by 279
a Novel Medicinal Plant Protein by Parvaiz Ahmad Dar, Sameer Ahmad Mir, Fayaz Malik, Laishram R Singh,
Tanveer A. Dar.
JKSC-989 Polymorphic Study of HNF1 A (Exon 1) with Respect to Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) Among 284
Kashmiri Ethnic Group by Parveena Firdous, Kamran Nissar, Sareer Ahmad Waza , Seher Maqbool, Shariq
Rashid Masoodi, Javaid Ahmad Bhat, Bashir Ahmad Ganai.
JKSC-1126 Pathogenicity of the M3 Variant (376Glu/Asp) of α1-Antitrypsin by Arif Bashir, Younis Hazari, Samirul 283
Bashir, Debnath Pal, Khalid Majid Fazili.
JKSC-1384 E R Stress Chaperones Tumor Specific Relocalization: Glucose Regulated Proteins (GRP 78 and GRP 94) 272
Expresses Specifically on Tumor Cell Membranes Irrespective of Grade or Stage of Tumor in Human
Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Mir Khurshid Iqbal, Mohammad Afzal Zargar, Syed Mudassar,
Arshad Ahmad Pandith, Arif Bashir, Ghulam Nabi Lone, Syed Besina Yaseen, Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi.
JKSC-1421 Elsholtzia Densa Methanolic Extract Modulates the Inflammatory Markers in Acute and Chronic Models of 274
Inflammation by Ovais Ahmad Zargar, Rohina Bashir, Muzafar Ahmad Bhat, Sumaya Hassan, Nasreena
Sajjad, Rohaya Ali, Mohammad Afzal Zargar, Rabia Hamid.
JKSC-1424 HSPA1A and Rho GTPase RhoA Interaction May Decrease Cancer Cell Proliferation by Sumaiya Nabi, 278
Firdous Ahmad Khanday, Nazir Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1436 The Heterogeneous Phenotypic Manifestations of PCOS Result in Inconsistencies in its Research: Our 290
Experience by Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool, Sairish Ashraf, Mudasar Nabi, Khalid Majid, Dr Shajrul Amin.
JKSC-1462 Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance of BrafV600E Mutation in Colorectal carcinomas from Kashmir Valley 287
by Sanah Farooq, Rafiqa Eachkoti.

xii
 JKSC-1488 Association of CYP17 Promoter Region SNP rs743572 With Hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri Women with 269
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Sairish Ashraf, Mudasar Nabi, Shayaq ul Abeer Rasool, Mohd Ashraf Ganie,
Shajrul Amin.
JKSC-1547 Evaluation of Gluten Protein Fractions in Indian Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum) for their Antigenic 276
Properties by Asima Hamid Mir, Moni Gupta.
JKSC-1554 The RING Domain Containing Component, Nse1 of The Smc5/6 Complex is Required for Chromosome 291
Replication and Stability in Budding Yeast by Saima Masood Wani, Neelam Maharshi, Deepash Kothiwal,
Shikha Laloraya.
JKSC-1628 Possible Atherogenic Tendency in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women: Evaluation in Terms of 286
Oxidative Stress, Paraoxonase1 Activity and Tissue Factor Levels by Humira Jeelani, Mohd Ashraf Ganie,
Tabassum Parvez, Quddia Fatima, Iram Ashaq Kawa, Saika Manzoor, Fouzia Rashid
Biotechnology
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-177 Alternate Conformations of Proteins Subunit of Mycobacterial RNase P on its Function by Shah Ubaid-Ullah. 298

JKSC-541 Exploring the Possible Mechanisms that Regulate the Expression of Del133p53 Isoform by Athar Jan. 312

JKSC-685 Regulation of Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI1) by miRNAs miR-22 and miR-28 by Saife Niaz, Mahboob 308
Ul Hussain.
JKSC-800 Elucidating the Role of Syntrophin Proteins in Progression of Alzheimer`s Disease by Umar Mushtaq, Firdous 305
A. Khanday.
JKSC-816 To Study the Role of P66Shc in Mediating the Pro-Oxidant Activity of Vitamin C by sensing ROS Levels by 309
Hilal Ahmad Mir, Firdous A. Khanday.
JKSC-889 Inhibition of Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells by Alkyne-Azido Cycloaddition Derivatives of 311
Dehydrozingerone via PI3k/Akt/Nf-kB Pathway by Zainab Iqra, Chetan Belwal, Reyazul Rasool.
JKSC-897 Flavonoid Treatment of Breast Cancer has Ramifications on Cell Viability and Alpha-1-Syntrophin 313
Expression by Roshia Ali, Sahar Saleem Bhat, Firdous A. Khanday.
JKSC-910 Review on Synthesis of Phosphonate Derivatives Under Aqueous Condition and its Pharmaceutical and 306
Industrial Applications by Vikas Kumar, Anil Kumar.
JKSC-1124 Understanding Transcriptional Regulation of Picrosides Biosynthesis in Picrorhiza kurrooa royle ex Benth 310
by Tabasum Kawoosa, Sanjay Kumar.
JKSC-1173 Effect of Plant-Microbe Interactions on Growth and Pigment Accumulation in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by 304
Neha Bharti, Samiullah Naik, Azra N. Kamili, Pervaze Sofi, Amjad M. Husain.
JKSC-1192 Cloning and Characterisation of AaMYC2-type, a bHL H Transcription Factor from Artemisia Annua 301
Positively Regulates Artemisinin Biosynthetic Genes and also Enhances the Artemisinin Content in Artemisia
annua L. by Ishfaq Majid Hurrah, Nazia Abbas.
JKSC-1361 Aromatic Landrace of Japonica Rice Mushk budji possesses an 8 bp Deletion in Exon 7 of Badh2, a Gene 299
Vital for Aroma Development by Aafreen Sakina, Amjad Husaini.
JKSC-1439 A Study on Bioethanol Production Potential of Cedrus deodara (Deodar) and Shorea robusta (Sal) Sawdust 297
by Neelu Raina, Deepali Bhagat, Parvez Singh Slathia, Preeti Sharma.
JKSC-1504 Crosstalk Between the TG-β Activated Kinase 1 (TAK-1) and mTOR Signaling Cascades by Sabreena 302
Aashaq, Asiya Batool, Khurshid I. Andrabi.
JKSC-1536 Development of FRET-Based Nanosensor for Measurement of in Vivo Flux of Organic Acid by Ruphi Naz, 303
Altaf Ahmad, Mohammad Anis.
JKSC-1574 Metabolome Variation in Crocus Sativa L. due to Surrounding Cement Industries by Mohd Saleem Dar.in 307
Pampore
JKSC-1575 Better ROS Regulation in Response to Stress by Carryover Effect of Meta-topolin to that of Benzyl Adenine 300
During Acclimatization of In-vitro Raised Plantlets in Syzygium cumini L.: A Potent Aromatic Medicinal tree
by Afshan Naaz, Mohammad Anis.
JKSC-1634 Inhibition of mTOR: a New Strategic Treatment to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) by Shazia Ali, Dil 314
Afroze, Javaid Rasool, Khurshid I Andrabi.
JKSC-1637 Terpenoid Induced Relaxation in Metal Mediated Hyper Contraction on Isolated Wistar Rat Aorta by 315
Shahnawaz A. Wani, Luqman A.Khan, , Seemi Farhat Basir.

xiii
Microbiology
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-532 Quantitative Survey of the Fungal Load (Density and Diversity) of Nigeen Lake by Sameena Sultan, Ruqaiya 328
Nazir.
JKSC-553 Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Efficient Mycorrhizal Fungi from Rhizospheric Soil of Taxus 327
wallichiana zucc by Nazish Nazir , Azra N Kamili, M.Y. Zargar, Durdana Shah.
JKSC-557 Relation Between Methicillin-Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained 329
from Bovine Mastitis Cases by Muneeba Shafi Shah, Sabia Qureshi, Zahid A. Kashoo, Shakeel A. Wani,
Farhat Pandit, Urfeya Mirza, Sheikh Shubeena, Muneesa shafid.
JKSC-660 Potential Application of Bacteria in Bioremediation of Pesticides- A Review by Nafee Maqbool, Aamir 322
Majeed, Ibraq Khurshid, SMA Andrabi, Fayaz Ahmad.
JKSC-661 Role of Bacteria in Bioremediation of Heavy Metals - A Review by Aamir Majeed, Nafee Maqbool, Ibraq 320
Khurshid, SMA Andrabi, Fayaz Ahmad.
JKSC-688 Exploring Vital Endophytes from Endangered Medicinal Plants by Sabira Hafiz, Azra N Kamili, Durdana 335
Shah, Wasifa Noor, Sabba Yaqoob.
JKSC-784 Detection and Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies by Irfan Nisar Ahangar, Dalip K Kakru, 323
Gulnaz Bashir.
JKSC-924 Diversity of G and P Genotypes of Human Rotaviruses in Kashmir, India by Mir Nadeem Hassan, Shakil 325
Ahmad Wani, Shaheen Farooq, Qazi Nyrah Javid, Nazima Nazir, Iqra Hussain Shah.
JKSC-1051 Effect of Some Novel PIP3-Azole Derivatives on the Growth of Drug Resistant Human Pathogenic Fungi by 321
Syed Hafsa Qadri, Asiya Ramzan Bhat, Inayatullah Tahir, Reiaz Ul Rehman, Peer Abdul Haseeb Shah.
JKSC-1055 Screening of β nitrostyrene Derivatives as Novel Possible Antifungal Agents by Asiya Ramzan Bhat, Sajad 331
Ahmed Paddar, Inayatullah Tahir, Reiaz Ul Rehman, Peer Abdul Haseeb Shah.
JKSC-1213 Diversity and Distribution of Cold Resistant Bacteria in Thajiwas Glacial Soil by Saleem Farooq Rather, 324
Ruqeya Nazir, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Dar Rubiya, Baba Uqab.
JKSC-1221 Impact of Heavy Metals on Microbial Diversity in Saffron Soils of Kashmir Valley and Microbial 326
Remediation Possibilities by Uqab Ali Baba, Ruqeya Nazir, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Dar Rubiya, Saleem
Farooq.
JKSC-1245 Screening and Identification of Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates of Pathogenic Candida by Sajad Ahmad 330
Padder, Reiaz Ul Rehman, Inayatullah Tahir, Abdul Haseeb Shah.
JKSC-1465 Cultivable Soil Bacterial Diversity along an Altitudinal Gradient in Grassland Habitats of Lower Dachigam 334
National Park, Kashmir by Hina Mushtaq, Arshid Jehangir Bhat, Mussaraf Hussain Shah, Bashir Ahmad
Ganai.
JKSC-1489 Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Bacteria: The Bacteriocins by Marofull Nisa, Ruqeya Nazir. 319
JKSC-1683 Analysis of Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vips) from Native Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates of Jammu and 332
Kashmir by Showkat Ahmad Lone, Abdul Malik, Jasdeep Chatrath Padaria.
JKSC-1696 Antibacterial, Antifungal and Reactive Oxygen Scavenging Property of Artemisia absinthium by Heerah 333
Eijaz, Gousia Nissar, Abid Majeed, Bashir A. Lone.

Medical and Dental Science

Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-363 Hirudotherapy: A Regimental Mode of Treatment in Unani Medicine by Shiekh Zahoor Ahmad. 343
JKSC-386 Flavone Glycoside: A Novel Isolation Combats Liver Disorders by Arshed Iqbal Dar. 341
JKSC-400 Management of Low Back Ache by Wet Cupping by Arsheed Iqbal, Haider Ali Quraishi. 347
JKSC-402 Unani Medicine as an Adjuvant Therapy in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review Study by Haider Ali 354
Quraishi, Arsheed Iqbal.
JKSC-455 Recent Advances and Future Prospects in the Application of Pharmacometabonomics in Personalized 350
Medicine and Patient Safety by Mohammad Ishaq Geer.
JKSC-540 Hijama and Health by Asma Afzal Siddiqui. 342
JKSC-545 Mundij O Mushil Therapy by Ruqaya Qayoom. 348
JKSC-833 Natural History of Pellets Inside Human Body: A Prospective Observational Study by Azhar Mushtaq, Zahid 346
Mohammad Rather.
JKSC-1013 Identification and Evaluation of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 in Celiac Disease by 345
Fizalah Kawoosa, Roohi Rasool, Tahira Sultan, Mahak Masoodi, Afaq Hameed Beigh, Mushtaq Ahmad,
Zaffar A Shah, Asif Khurshid Qazi.
JKSC-1119 Rise of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Kashmir Valley: An Insight into the Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease 352
by Afaq Hameed Beigh, Roohi Rasool, Fayaz Ahmad , Mahak Masoodi , Fizalah Kawoosa, Zaffar A. Shah,
Asif Khurshid Qazi.

xiv
 JKSC-1123 The Use of Harmonic Scalpel in Head and Neck Surgery; A Comparative Study by Omar Mohammad Shafi, 355
Rauf Ahmad.
JKSC-1231 Role of Inflammatory Cytokines and Sudden Life Style Changes Leads to Pathogenesis of Type-2 Diabetes 353
Mellitus by Haamid Bashir, Sabhiya Majid, Rakesh Kumar Koul, Rabia Hamid, Inshah Din, Rabia Farooq,
Showkat Ahmad Bhat, Akbar Masood.
JKSC-1290 Opioid Substitution Therapy in Opioid Dependence: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre of Kashmir India 349
by Yuman Kawoos, Yasir Hassan Rather, Javed Jeelani, Mushtaq Ahmad Rather, Fouzia Panjabi.
JKSC-1405 EGFR Expression in Colorectal Carcinomas by Fiza Parvez Khan, Zubaida Rasool, Fazlul Qadir Parray, 340
Subuh Parvez Khan, Nassima Chanda, Atif Rasool Kawoosa.
JKSC-1456 Regeneration of Necrotic Open Apex Permanent Teeth by Mushtaq Mohammad Bhat. 351
JKSC-1501 A Comparative Study of Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions Among Offspring of Hypertensive and 339
Normotensive Parents by Nadeema Rafiq Bhat, Tauseef Nabi Khushoo.
JKSC-1632 Host Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Pulmonary TB in Kashmiri Population by Muzamil Farooq, Tahira 344
Yousuf, Bilal A Wani, Ifra Mushtaq, Adfar Yousuf, Shazia Ali, Bilal Rah, Iqra Beigh, Dil Afroze.
JKSC-1647 Case Report of Guillain-Barre’s Syndrome Associated with Primary Parvovirus B19 Infection by Irfan Gul, 358
Shujat Gul, Asifa Ali, Malik Suhail, Manzoor Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1648 Demographic-Clinical Profile of Poisoning Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kashmir, North India by 362
Irfan Gu, Shujat Gul, Samia Rasheed.
JKSC-1665 Implication of Nano Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders by Falaq Naz, Ambreen Fatima, Rahul, Yasir 356
Hasan Siddique.
JKSC-1666 The Impact of Endocrinal Changes in Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease by Mir Hilal Ahmad, Mahino 357
Fatima, Amal C. Mondal.
JKSC-1667 Impact of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Induced Prenatal Stress on Neuronal Development in Neonate 361
Rat Model of Depression by Mahino Fatima, Mir Hilal Ahmad, Saurabh Srivastav, Amal Chandra Mondal.
JKSC-1681 Effect of Fluoxetine on Motor Recovery after Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Randomized Trial by Irfan Ahmad 359
Shah, Ravouf Parvaiz Asimi, Yuman Kawoos, Mushtaq A. Wani
JKSC-1682 Pre and Post Treatment Psychiatric Morbidity in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Hepatitis C-Virus Infection 360
at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Part of India (Kashmir) by Rehana Amin, Zaid Ahmad Wani, Nisar Ahmad
Shah, Mohammad Maqbool Dar, Shabir Ahmad Dar.

Molecular Biology
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-187 Possible Association of Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-24 Gene Polymorphism with Psoriasis by Rajinder 372
Kaur, Wani Aadil, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Tahseena Akhtar, Tarun Narang.
JKSC-315 Proteomic Studies of Haemonchuscontortus and Ostertagiaostertagi Infecting Sheep of Kashmir Valley by 374
Irfanur Rauf Tak, Bashir A Ganai, M. Z. Chishti.
JKSC-597 Association of Interleukin 7 Receptor (IL7R) Gene Variants rs6897932 and rs201268331 with Multiple 365
Sclerosis in an Indian Population: A Preliminary Report by Insha Zahoor Hussaini, Ravouf Parvez Asimi,
Ehtishamul Haq.
JKSC-822 Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of E3/E3 Genotypes of APO-E Gene as a Strong Predictor for the Diagnosis 369
of Coronary Artery Disease by Javeed Ahmad Tantray.
JKSC-1167 Netrin-UNC5B Pathway Regulates Mitotic Catastrophe that Occurs in Response to PP2A Inhibition by 370
Sameer Ahmed Bhat, Zarka Sarwar, Irfana Reshi, Qaaifah Gillani, Misbah Shah, Khalid Majid Fazili, Shaida
Andrabi.
JKSC-1358 Cytogenetic Analysis of Congenital Diseases Among the Kargil Ladakh Population by Mohd Murtaza, Md 366
Niamat Ali, Sajjad Hussain.
JKSC-1426 Development of Genetically Encoded FRET Based Nanosensor for the Authentication of Medicinal Plants by 367
Ghazala Ambrin, Habiba Kausar, Ruphi Naz, Aadil Yousuf Tantray, Altaf Ahmad.
JKSC-1443 Evaluation of the Role of Cytokines Produced by T helper Cells Th1/Th2/Th17 and Treg Paradigm in 368
Recurrent Miscarriage among Kashmiri Female Population by Shafat Ali, Md. Niamat Ali.
JKSC-1480 Prolonged Inhibition of mTORC1 Facilitates Cross Talk to Propagate Autophagy by Rabiya Majeed, Sheikh 373
Tahir Majeed, Ghazia Shah, Shajrul Amin, Khurshid I Andrabi.
JKSC-1524 Non-hierarchical Phosphorylations of the Translational Repressor eIF4E-Binding Protein 1 (4E-BP1) by Asiya 371
Batool, Sabreena Aashaq, Khurshid I Andrabi.
JKSC-1639 Transgenic Brassica juncea Plants Expressing NPR1 Gene Confers Disease Resistance to Biotrophic and 375
Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens by Sajad Ali, Zahoor Ahmad Mir, Anshika Tyagi, Anita Grover

xv
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-299 Formulation Development and Characterization of Mouth Dissolving Films of Losartan Potassium by Syed 394
Naiem Raza, Aabid Hussain Kar, Nisar Ahmad Khan.
JKSC-319 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) for Plant Profiling and Disease Metabolomics- Fast Tracking Plant 400
Based Drug Discovery from Kashmir by Mohammad Faizan Bhat, Reyaz Hassan, Mubashir Hussain
Masoodi.
JKSC-412 A Haemovigilance Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Guwahati, Northeast India by Mudasir Maqbool. 380
JKSC-425 Formulation Designing of GR HBS Capsules of Hydrochlorothiazide - An Absorption Window Drug by Nisar 393
Ahmad Khan, Syed Naiem Raza.
JKSC-546 Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Aerial 411
Parts of Ajuga bracteosa wall ex. Benth by Tabasum Ali, G.N. Bader, Rabiah Bashir.
JKSC-556 Emulgel: A Novel Approach for Topical Delivery of Celecoxib by Shabnam Kawoosa, Nisar Ahmed Khan, 407
Rabiah Bashir.
JKSC-572 PEG-4000 v/s PEG-6000: A Combat for Solubility Enhancement by Khalid Bashir Mir, Nisar Ahmed Khan. 401
JKSC-604 Antioxidant Potential of Various Extracts Obtained from Floral Spikes of Prunella vulgaris by Gazanfar 383
Ahmad, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi, Nahida Tabassum.
JKSC-702 Analytical Quality by Design Approach to Stability Indicating UPLC-TOF-MS Method Development and 381
Validation for Estimation of Atazanavir sulfate in Bulk by Chandni Saha, N. Vishal , KumarGupta, R.S.
Chandan.
JKSC-750 Laser Vibrometery as a New PAT Tool in Formulation Development Research by Abdul Aala Fazli, Peter 397
Ouma Okeyo, Khaoula Khouzami, Peter Emil Larsen, Nisar Ahmad Khan.
JKSC-757 New Therapeutic Approaches for Management of Diabetes by Suhail Ahmad Mir, Syed Umer Farooq, Amreen 399
Naqash, G. N Bader.
JKSC-763 Recent Advances in the Treatment of Osteoporosis by Syed Umer Farooq, Suhail Ahmad Mir, Amreen 404
Naqash, G. N. Bader.
JKSC-769 Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases. In vitro Antioxidant Potential of Bunium persicum (BOISS) B. Fedtsch 410
assayed by Different Methodologies by Zahida Shah, Sabeeha Shafi.
JKSC-778 Intestinal Carrier Mediated Transport - Consideration in Development of Gastroretentive Formulations by 395
Taha Umair Wani, Nisar Ahmad Khan.
JKSC-779 Vabomere: A Novel Drug Against Carbapenem Resistant Entero bacteriaceae, Used in Complicated Urinary 418
Tract Infections (cUTI) and Pyelonephiritis by Zahid Rasool Lone, Shameema Bano , Nahida Tabassum, G.
N. Bader, Sabeeha Shafi.
JKSC-812 In-vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Eremurus himalaicus Baker- An Edible Herb of North Western 396
Himalayas by Ahlam Mushtaq, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi, Adil Farooq Wali, Bashir Ahmad Ganai.
JKSC-824 99DOTS- A New Boon for Tuberculosis Patients by Maqsood Mohd Hurrah , Nahida Tabassum, Sabeeha 379
Shafi, G.N Bader.
JKSC-840 Evaluation of the Volatile Oil from the Roots of Heracleum candican by GC-MS by Nissar Ahmad Dar, W.Y. 392
Raja, Romee Jan, Z. A. Bhat.
JKSC-887 Assessment of Lavatera cashmiri ana C. for its Traditional Folklore Claims by Sheeba Nazir, Mubashir 384
Hussain Masoodi.
JKSC-896 Evaluation of Prescribing Patterns and Adherence Among Kashmiri Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 391,
by Rumaisa Rashid Bhat, Mohd Ishaq Geer, Santosh Kumar Verma, Fouzia Rashid, Mohd Ashraf Ganaie.
JKSC-908 Recent Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial Agents by Mudasir Maqbool, Mohammad Ishaq Geer. 417
JKSC-912 Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Studies on Swertia tetragona Edgew by Insha 412
Mushtaq, G.N. Bader, Amreen Naqash, Prince Ahad Mir.
JKSC-925 Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Plant Extractives of Three Different 387
Plants by Saba Sabreen Mir, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi.
JKSC-955 The Monsters of Medical World: Spurious Drugs- Recent Advances in their Identification by Zarka Mushtaq, 405
Mohammad Ishaq Geer.
JKSC-960 Phytochemical, Toxicological and Antioxidant Studies on Acorus calamus Linn by Shaista Yousuf, Rukhsar 403
Wadoo, A.Singh, Amreen Naqash, G.N.Bader.
JKSC-976 Immunomodulation and Anti-cancer Activity of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi): A Review by Khursheed 414
Ahmad Sheikh, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi.
JKSC-983 Cold Chain Management and its Significance by Mohi Durakshan Durakshan, Ghulam Hassan Yatoo, Aabid 386
Hussain Kar.
JKSC-1009 Plants as Potential Source of Anticholinesterase Agents by Saba Sabreen Mir, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi. 413
JKSC-1118 Synthesis, Characterisation and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel β-Ionone Chalcones by Faizana Fayaz, 406
Dharam Pal Phatak, Sharad Wakode.

xvi
 JKSC-1149 Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Seneciolaetus edgew.on Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549) 390
and Colon Carcinoma (HCT116) Cell Line by Rukhsar Wadoo, Amreen Naqash, Tabassum Ali, G. N. Bader.
JKSC-1151 Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review by Nasir Nisar, M. Maqbool Lone, Nahida Tabassum. 389
JKSC-1279 Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Root Extracts of Inula racemosa Hook by Qurba 402
Firdous, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi, Mohammad Akbar Dar.
JKSC-1318 Microwave Irradiation Method as an Emerging Technology in Health Care and Pharmacy by Aparajita Raina, 409
Darshan Kaur.
JKSC-1341 Need for New Drug Entities for Neurodegenerative Disorders by Uzma Farooq Mir, Gazanfar Ahmad Dar, 398
Aparajita Raina.
JKSC-1366 In-vitro Anti-diabetic Activity Guided Isolation of a Novel Diterpene from Capsella bursa pastoris by Mohd 408
Akbar Dar, Mubashir H. Masoodi, Showkat R. Mir, Seema Akbar, Nisar.
JKSC-1471 Bio-efficacy of Seeds of Pennisetum typhoides Against Insect Spodo pteralitura Fab: A Novel Approach by 385
WeekarYounis Raja, Zulfikar Ali Bhat, Rashmi Dehariya, Keyur Panara, Pooja Pachurekar, Tinku Gupta.
JKSC-1485 Therapeutic Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum Extract on GLP-1 Secretagogues in Healthy and Diabetic 415
Subjects by Gulzar Ahmad Bhat, Poonam Sharma, Rambir Singh.
JKSC-1506 Newer Dimensions and Recent Advances in Establishment of Linkages Between Insulin Resistance and the 416
Etiology of Common Metabolic and Degenerative Disorders: A Systematic Review of Literature by Rumaisa
Rashid, Mohammad Ishaq Geer.
JKSC-1511 Antimicrobial Resistance: Finding Newer Agents and Newer Methods for Averting Antibiotic Apocalypse - 382
A Systematic Review of Literature by Mudasir Maqbool, Mohammad Ishaq Geer.
JKSC-1527 Making Life-Saving Medicines Affordable: A Few Case Studies by Asmat Bashir, Mohammad Ishaq Geer. 419
JKSC-1532 Drug Abuse Control, De-addiction and Rehabilitation Measures Across Several Indian States: A Cross- 388
sectional Study by Latief Malik, Mohammad Ishaq Geer.
JKSC-1644 A Retrospective Study of Ferric Carboxymaltose Therapy in Women with Iron Deficiency Anaemia by 420
Amreen Naqash, Rifat Ara, Ghulam Nabi Bader.
JKSC-1645 Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Patients with Hypertension: An Epidemiological Study at a 421
Tertiary Care Hospital by Ozaifa Kareem, Masood Tanvir, G. N. Bader.
JKSC-1691 3D Drug Printing- A Swing from Lab Production to Computerized Production by Asif Mohd Itoo, Nisar 422
Ahmad Khan, Ahmar Khan.
JKSC-1692 4-D Printing: An Emerging Technology Towards the Dawn of “Smart” Future by Ahmar Khan, Nisar Ahmad 423
Khan, Asif Mohd Itoo.

Veterinary Sciences
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-274 Isolation and Identification of Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli (STEC) from Meat and Milk Products 435
in Srinagar, Kashmir by Ishfaq Ahmad Lone, Syed Akram Hussain, Md. Isfaqul Hussain, Z. H. Munshi, Tariq.
A. Raja, Syed Shahnaz, M.A. Rather, Tariq. A. Bhat.
JKSC-487 Ultrasound/Colour Doppler Guided and Anatomical Landmark Guided Brachial Plexus Block in Sheep 452
Comparison by Urfeya Mirza, D.M Makhdoomi, Shahnaz Anjum, Bushra Zaffer.
JKSC-518 Molecular Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens Type a Strains Isolated from Raw Meat and Meat Products 438
by Shabu Shoukat, Zia Ulhassan Munshi, Shakil A. Wani , Mudasir Ali , Z. A Kashoo, Umer Ali, Henna Wani.
JKSC-521 Antibiogram of Clostridium Perfringens Isolated from Meat of Kashmir Valley by Shabu Shoukat, Zia 429
Ulhassan Munshi, Shakil A. Wani , Mudasir Ali , Z.A Kashoo , Henna Wani, Umer Ali.
JKSC-527 Effect of Inbreeding on Growth and Fitness Traits in Rambouillet Sheep by Nusrat Nabi Khan, Zaffar Iqbal 430
Bhat, Saba Bukhari , Najimaana Wani, Heena Jalal.
JKSC-552 Molecular Detection and Cloning of Clostridium Perfringens Type an Enterotoxin Gene by Najimaana Wani, 437
Shakeel Ahmad Wani, Z. H.Munshi, Syed Akram Hussain , Nusrat Nabi Khan , Showkat Ahmad Shah.
JKSC-697 Protective Effect of Colchicum Luteum Against Hemato-Biochemical Alterations in Sodium Bicarbonate 444
Induced Gout by Rayeesa Ali, Shayaib Ahmad Kamil, Masood Saleem Mir, Umar Amin, Aazima Shah, Bisma
Kashani, Showket Ahmad Shah.
JKSC-735 Investigating Gene Expression Kinetics and Antibody Response in Salmonella typhimurium Infected Chicken 434
by Mashooq Ahmad Dar, Syed Mudasir Ahmad, Raashid Ahmed , Peerzada TajamulMumtaz Shakil A Bhat,
Tanveer A Dar, Riaz Ahmad Shah.
JKSC-829 Fenugreek Seeds as a Potential Source for the Development of Functional Spent Hen Meat Patties by Asma 432
Irshad Qureshi, Sheikh Rafeh Ahmad, Tahir Nazir , M. Ashraf Pal, Asif Hassan Sofi.
JKSC-872 Prospects of Gene Therapy in Bovine Mastitis by Muheet Mir, Showkat Ul Nabi, Ifat Ashraf , Kaifa Nazim. 443
JKSC-980 Addressing Twin Evils (Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Failure) by Herbal Remedies in l Animal Model 427
(Canines) by Showkat Ul Nabi, Umer Amin, Owais Shabir Shah, Asiya Jan, Tufail Hussain.
JKSC-998 Interferon tau Stimulated Gene Expression: A Proxy to Predict Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows by Aasif 433
Ahmad Sheikh, Om Kanwar Hooda, Ajay Kumar Dang.

xvii
 JKSC-1027 Effects of Habitat Overlap on Parasite Shearing between Wild and Domestic Ungulates by Rouf Ahmad Bhat, 431
Hidayatullah Tak, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Umer Hameed Shansaz, Hameem Mushtaq.
JKSC-1035 Antibiogram of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from the Reproductive Tract of Layer 428
Birds by Henna Wani, Mohammad Maqbool Darzi, Showkat Ahmad Shah, Shabu Showket , Aazima Shah,
Bisma Kashani, Ashaq Ashraf , Rehab Altaf.
JKSC-1144 RFLP Analysis of Flagellin (Fla) Gene of Campylobacter jejuni from Ovines of Kashmir Valley by Bisma 446
Gull, Sabia Qureshi, Kashoo Zahid, Wani Shakil, Magray Suhail , Ahmad Firdos, Hussain Mohammad, Wani
Aasim, MajeedShafqat, Shafi Muneeba.
JKSC-1196 Occurrence of Ascaris in Ovine Population of Central Kashmir by Shahana Riyaz Tramboo, Rafiq Ahmad 439
Shahardar, Kamal Hassan Bulbul, Idrees Mehraj Allaie.
JKSC-1207 Parasitic Infections in Livestock and Wild Animals at Kashmir Province of J&K by Idrees Mehraj Allaie, Ajaz 440
Ahmad Dar, Zahoor Ahmad Wani , Masood Saleem Mir , Shahana Riyaz Tramboo, Asif Hussain.
JKSC-1235 Whole Genome Sequence of Dichleobacter nodosus (JKS-07B) Isolated from Virulent Foot Rot of Sheep by 453
Shakil Ahmad Wani, Zahid Amin Kashoo, Sabia Qureshi, Mohd Isafaqul Hussain, Aasim Habib Wani, Shafqut
Majeed Khan, Shaheen Farooq, Bilal Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1309 Topography as a Variable for Mineral Status in Dairy Cattle of Kashmir Valley by Ovais Shabir Shah, Umar 450
Amin, Asiya Jan , Showkat Ul Nabi, Tufail Hussain.
JKSC-1356 Replacing Chemically Preserved Organs by Plastination A Model Aid in Teaching Research and Surgical 445
Training by Firdous Ahmad Dar, K. Massarat, A. R. Choudhury, R. Andleeb, M.A.John.
JKSC-1363 Study of Hepato and Nephro Protective Potential of Zingerone in Lead-induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats by 447
Insha Amin, Bilal A. Mir, Ishrak Husain, Sheikh Bilal, Manzoor A.Mir.
JKSC-1368 Successful Management of Concurrent Infection of Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis in Crossbred Cattle by 448
Rather Waseem Yousuf, Raja Mohmad Iqbal, S.A. Beigh , Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat , Manzoor Ahmad Kawa ,
Tawheed Ahmad Najar, Amatul Muhee, N.A. Tufani.
JKSC-1371 Antibacterial Effect of Copper Sulphate and Zinc Sulphate Against Major Mastitis Causing Bacteria in Cows 454
by Rather Waseem Yousuf, Amatul Muhee, Raja Mohmad Iqbal, Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat, Ifat Asharaf, Abrar
Malik, Showkat-ul-Nabi, Bilal Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1401 Management of Dystocia in Ewe by Decollation of Fetus - Case Report by Naseer Ahmad Mir, Arshaq Asfar. 436
JKSC-1402 Prospects of Alternate Poultry in Kashmir by Insha Afzal Baba, Azmat Alam Khan, M.T.Banday , Sofi Umer 442
Bashir , Asra Khurshid, Madeeha Untoo.
JKSC-1425 Trans-Rectal Ultrasound Guided Management of Repeat Breeding Cow by Naseer Ah Mir, Mehrajuddin 451
Naikoo, Rather Waseem, Raja M. Iqbal, M. A. Kawa.
JKSC-1508 Performances of Goat Supplemented with Concentrates and Probiotics During Periparturient Period by Aaliya 441
Fayaz Bhat, Sanober Rasool, Farukh Mehraj, Sadiya Sajad, R.Patoo, Anees Ahmad Shah.
JKSC-1548 Successful Management of Ketosis in Crossbred Cow by Rather Waseem Yousuf, Amatul Muhee, Naseer 449
Ahmad Mir, Raja Mohmad Iqbal, Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat, Haris Rasool Beigh, Manzoor Ahmad Kawa.
JKSC-1642 Energy Status in Dry and Lactating Cattle of Kashmir Valley by A. Ishfaq, A. M. Ganai, F. A. Baba, S.A. 456
Beigh, Y. A. Beigh, G. G. Sheikh.
JKSC-1695 Haemonchus contortus Antigens in Diagnosing of Nematode Infection in Sheep by Bashir A. Lone, Fayaz 455
Ahmad Bhat, M. Z. Chishti, Suhaib A. Bandh, Abida Khan.

Chemical Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-251 Solubilization of Pyrene in Anionic Polymer-Cationic / Nonionic Surfactant: Effect of Polymer Concentration 487
by Rohi Masrat, Aijaz Ahmad Dar, Ghulam Mohd Rather.
JKSC-267 Batch Adsorption Studies on Removal of Dye Using Agro-Waste by Gajanan Chandrakant Upadhye, Vinay 461
Hiralal Singh, Atul Sarangrao Renge.
JKSC-314 Combined Density Functional Theory and Molecular Docking Studies Reveal the Potential of Newly 468
Synthesized N-Congeners of Testololactone and Testolactone as Aromatase Inhibitors by Shabir Hussain Lone.
JKSC-508 Preliminary Biochemical Screening of Artemisia maritima by Mahpara Qadir, Wajaht Amin Shah. 484
JKSC-509 Standradization of Herbal Drug "Jawarish-amla-sada" by Shajrath Din, Syed Wajaht Amin Shah. 489
JKSC-598 Mono-sesuiterpenoid Compositional Variability in the Essential Oil of Juglans regia L. Collected from Low 479
and High-Altitude Locations of Kashmir Valley (India) by Bilal Ahmad Dar, Wajahat Amin Shah, Khursheed
Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-627 Avidity of Pb (II) and Tl (I) Ions with Some Potential Bio ligands in Aqueous Phase by Nusrat Shafi. 503
JKSC-648 Metal Organic Framework of Piperic Acid and Nickel Salt (NiCl2) as Effective Antimicrobial Agent by Mehraj 476
Ud Din Bhat, Masood Ur Rahman, Zubaid ul Khazir, Javid Ahmad Banday.
JKSC-649 Synthesis of Amino Acid Analogs of Podophyllotoxin as Potential Cytotoxic Agents by Masood Ur Rahman, 494
Shakeel U Rehman, Iram Ayoob , Tabassum Ara.

xviii
JKSC-659 Microwave Assisted Catalyst and Solvent Free One Pot Synthesis of Î-Aminophosphonates by Gazunfor Ali, 477
Masood Ur Rahman, Masood A Rizvi, Tabassum Ara.
JKSC-670 Biocatalytic Approaches Towards Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2-Amino Alcohols and Other Useful 462
Precursors of Bioactive Molecules by Pankaj Gupta, Neha Mahajan.
JKSC-677 pH Sensitive Behavior of Composite Hydrogels of Chitosan and Alginate: Characterization and its Use in 498
Encapsulation of Citral by Saima Afzal, Masrat Maswal, Aijaz Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-679 Theoretical Studies on Some Transition Metal Pentalenes as Potential Hydrogen Storage Materials, Using 497
Density Functional Theory by Saba Niaz, Altaf Hussain Pandith.
JKSC-718 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water by Flower Shaped Potato Di-Starch Phosphate (PDSP) Polymer- 485
Experimental and DFT Studies by Arshid Bashir DarLateef, Ahmad Malik Altaf, Hussain Pandith.
JKSC-719 Colour Indicators-Making Sense of Lanthanide Photoluminescence by Wakeel Ahmed Dar, Khalid Iftikhar. 467
JKSC-722 Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Glutathione Coated Hallow Zinc Oxide (Glu@h-ZnO) for the Removal of 478
Heavy Metal Ions from Contaminated Water by Lateef Ahmad Malik, Arshid Bashir Dar, Altaf Husain Pandith.
JKSC-729 Post Synthetic Modification of Ball Milled Mesoporous Carbon Nitride by Dithiocarbamate Groups for Quick 483
Uptake of Heavy Metals from Aqueous System: Experimental and DFT Studies by Sozia Ahad Bhat, Arshid
Bashir Dar, Altaf Hussain Pandith.
JKSC-782 Role of CTAB on the Morphology of Gold Nanoparticles: Catalytic Reductive Degradation Activity of AuNPs 486
by Ommer Bashir, Tabrez A. Khan.
JKSC-791 Synthesis and Characterisation of Acryl-based Polymers: A Non-Conventional Approach by Shafia Lateef, 491
Ghulam M. Peerzada, Nadeem Bashir, Iram Fayaz.
JKSC-804 Study of the Catechol Based Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction and its Interaction With N-Isopropylacrylamide 490
by Shafia Lateef, Ghulam M. Peerzada, Nadeem Bashir, Iram Fayaz.
JKSC-820 Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Applications of Polypyrrole Based Nanocomposites by Showket 496
AAkhoon, Prof G M Peerzada, Nadeem Bashir.
JKSC-914 NBS/DMSO Mediated Highly Chemo- and Diastereoselective Vicinal Bromination of Olefins; Applications 480
to Natural Products and Glycals by Hafiz Ul Lah, Tabassum Ara, Syed Khalid Yousuf.
JKSC-966 Non-Volatile Chemical Composition of Saffron Native to Jammu and Kashmir by Mudasir Ahmad Mir, Syed 481
Muzafar.
JKSC-1001 Identification of Novel Phytochemical Constituent from Mesua ferrea L. (Seeds) by Faizan Danish Khaleel. 474
JKSC-1018 Application of Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction to Analytical Chemistry: Solvent Effect on the Ion Exchange 460
Capacity (IEC) of Resins by Sna Rashid, Nadeem Bashir Ganaie, G.M.Peerzada.
JKSC-1109 Copper Catalyzed Tandem One-Pot Protocol for the Synthesis of N-arylphosphoramidates from Arylboronic 470
Acids and Esters by Nisar A. Dangroo, Tabassum Ara, M A Khuroo.
JKSC-1174 Luminescence Sensitization of Trivalent Lanthanide Ions- An Overview by Rukhsana Jabeen Wani, Arshad 475
Hussain Shah, Altaf H. Pandith.
JKSC-1185 Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Chalcones of Dehydroepiandrosterone by Masood Ur Rahman, 492
Iram Ayoob, Shakeel u Rehman, Tabassum Ara.
JKSC-1281 Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Estimation of Antioxidant Potential of Viscum album linn by 473
Shameem A.Shameem, Abdul Rashid Malik Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Khaliquz Zaman Khan, Mudasir Ahmad
Tantray.
JKSC-1285 Chemoprofiling of Viscum A314lbum by Shameem A. Shameem, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Khaliquz Zaman Khan, 465
Mudasir A. Tantray.
JKSC-1286 Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Studies of Hafnium(IV) Macrocyclic 459
Complexes by Gita Devi, Gauri D. Bajju.
JKSC-1319 Catalyst Free and Sonication Promoted: A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Biologically Potent Benzoxazine 464
Hybrids by Malik A Waseem, Bilal Ahamad Bhat.
JKSC-1321 Chemoselective Monobenzoylation of Diols with Benzoyl Cyanide: A Green and Regioselctive Approach by 466
Bisma Teli.
JKSC-1342 Synthesis of Benzo furans and Indoles: A InCl-Catalyzed Coupling of N-Tosylhydrazones and Terminal 495
Alkynes by Bilal Ahmad Ganaie , Tabasum Ara.
JKSC-1355 Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L) Extracts from Jammu and Kashmir by 463
Syed Muzaffar, Sajad Ahmad Rather, Khaliquz Zaman Khan.
JKSC-1391 Complexation of Oxovanadium(IV) and Dioxouranium(VI) with Synthesized 1,2-(Diimino-4™-antipyrinyl)- 469
1,2-diphenylethane Schiff Base: A Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Bioactivity Investigation by Shabnum Bashir,
Masood Ahmad Rizvi.
JKSC-1392 Metallomicellar Catalysis: Investigation of Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin Under Varying Oxidative Stress 502
in Aqueous Micellar Media by Roheena Jan, Mohsin Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1419 Nor (24)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol from Cortinarius sp. by Abdul Rashid Malik, Shameem A. Shameem, Bashir 482
A. Ganaie, Abdul Hamid Wani , Mudasir A. Tantry.
JKSC-1451 Effect of Various Donor Groups on Photovoltaic Performance of Porphyrin Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 471
by Ravi Kumar.

xix
 JKSC-1464 Synthesis and Rheological Characterisation of Chitosan Formaldehyde Hydrogels in Presence of CTab 493
Surfactant by Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat, Zahid Yaseen, Aabid Hussain Shalla.
JKSC-1477 Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia dubia Wall. and Evaluation of its Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities 472
by Shameem A.Shameem, Abdul Rashid Malik, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Khaliquz Zaman Khan, Mudasir Ahmad
Tantray.
JKSC-1522 Specific Ion Effect on the Reduction Kinetics of Arenediazonium ion by TBHQ at the Cationic Micelle-Water 488
Interface by Uzma Ashraf, Aijaz Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1610 Molecular and Single Crystal XRD of Macrocylic Free Base Porphyrins and Effect of Indium Coordination on 499
the Electronic Spectra by Padma Dechan.
JKSC-1635 Design and Development of an Effective Synthetic Route for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Piperidines 500
Using Multivalent Ion Transition Metal Complex by Nasseb Singh, Alamgir Ahmed Dar, Vijai K. Rai, Anil
Kuma.
JKSC-1703 Short Hybrid Peptides Incorporating β- and γ-Amino Acids as Antimicrobial Agents by Naiem Ahmad Wani1, 501
Gurpreet Singh, Meenu Katoch, Rajkishor Rai.

Mathematics
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-179 Study of (p,q)-analogue of Mittag-Leffler Function with (p,q)-Laplace Transform by Altaf Ahmad Bhat. 527
JKSC-234 Skew Laplacian Energy of Digraphs by Bilal Ahmad Chat. 530
JKSC-254 On Some Bounds for the Laplacian Energy of Graphs by Rezwan Ul Shaban, S Pirzada, Hilal A. Ganie. 522
JKSC-262 Sum of Signless Laplacian Egenvalues of a Graph by Hilal Ahmad Ganie. 531
JKSC-309 Strong Coupled Fixed Point for (φ, ψ)-Contraction Type Coupling in Metric Spaces by Tawseef Rashid, 526
Qamrul Haq Khan.
JKSC-322 Error Bounds for Extended Generalized Mixed Variational Inequality Problems Using Gap Functions by Aadil 516
Hussain Dar.
JKSC-350 Finding Discrete Bessel and Tricomi Convolutions of Certain Special Polynomials by Shakeel Ahmad Naikoo. 517
JKSC-354 Additional Results on Group Inverse of Some 2X2 Block Matrices in Minkowski Space by Tasaduq Hussain 510
Khan, Mohd. Saleem Lone.
JKSC-366 The Upper Dimension of Zero Divisor Graphs of Rings by S. Pirzada, Aijaz Ahmad Malla. 528
JKSC-423 A Value Distribution Result for Meromorphic Functions Related to Hayman's Alternative by Anil Singh, 509
Kuldeep Singh Charak.
JKSC-431 Polar Wavelet Transform and the Associated Uncertainty Principles by Azhar Yousuf. 525
JKSC-459 Bounds for the Zeros of the Polar Derivative of a Polynomial by A.W. Manzoor. 537
JKSC-493 Characterization of Pareto and Power Function Distributions by Conditional Variance of Order Statistics by 513
Imtiyaz Ahmad Shah, Imtiyaz A. Shah, H. M. Barakat.
JKSC-536 On Diameter, Girth and Metric Dimension of Compressed Zero-Divisor Graphs of Rings by S. Pirzada, 520
Mohmad Imran Bhat.
JKSC-537 A Note on Theorem of T. J. Rivlin by Adil Hussain Malik, Abdullah Mir. 508
JKSC-539 On the Sum of Laplacian Eigen Values of Tree by Bilal Ahmad Rather, Shariefuddin Pirzada, Hilal Ahmad 524
Ganie.
JKSC-543 Convergence and Stability of an Iterative Algorithm for a System of Variational Inclusions by Sumeera Shafi 515
Bhat.
JKSC-576 On Bounds for the Zeros of a Polynomial by M. H. Gulzar, Rubia Akhter. 519
JKSC-826 Bounds for the Zeros of a Polynomial by Abrar Ahmad, Abdullah Mir. 512
JKSC-1031 Mathematical Study of Medicine Diffusion in Blood Stream of Human Body by Saqib Mubarak Eitoo, M. A. 518
Khanday.
JKSC-1100 Commutativity of Rings and Unital Banach Algebras with Generalized Derivations by Bilal Ahmad Wani. 514
JKSC-1164 On s-Topological Vector Spaces by Shallu Sharma. 536
JKSC-1172 Variational form of Finite Element Method and Euler-Lagrange Equation by Ahsan Ul Haq Lone, M. A. 529
Khanday.
JKSC-1193 A Note on s-topological Vector Spaces by Madhu Ram, Shallu Sharma. 507
JKSC-1284 Bayesian Analysis for Erlang Distribution and its Applications by Kaisar Ahmad, Parvaiz Ahmad Sheikh. 511
JKSC-1327 On Some Inequalities Concerning Growth and Derivatives of a Polynomial by Mohd. Abdullah Mir. 523
JKSC-1333 On Differential Identities Involving Commutator and Anti-Commutator in Prime and Semiprime Rings by 521
Sajad Ahmad Pary.
JKSC-1418 Inequalities for Schur-szego Composition of Polynomials by Aaqib Iqbal, Nisar A. Rather. 532
JKSC-1555 On BettiNumbers of Edge Ideals of Crown Graphs by Shahnawaz Rather, Pavinder Singh. 533
JKSC-1606 A Remark on Bn – Operator for Polynomials by Nisar. A Rather, Ishfaq Ahmad Dar, Suhail Gulzar. 534
JKSC-1641 A Study of Sufficiency and Duality for Vector Optimization Problems Involving Generalized Invexity Under 535
Interval Uncertainty by Bilal Ahmad Dar.

xx
Physics
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-170 On Chaos Propagation in Many Body Quantum Systems by Mohammad Zaid Zaz. 553
JKSC-173 Percolative Metal to Insulator Transition and the Role of Electron-Electron and Kondo Interactions on the 555
Low Temperature Electronic Transport Properties of Electron Doped La0.9Zr0.1MnO3 System by Irshad
Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-182 Importance of Hexadecapole Interaction in 62-78Zn Isotopes by Tariq Ahmad War, Parvaz Ahmad Dar. 548
JKSC-202 W Uma Binary Stars in M 37 by Ajaz Ahmad Dar, Manzoor A Malik. 562
JKSC-268 Quantum Switching Via Pulse Engineering by Ilyas Noor Bhatti. 556
JKSC-269 Non-Markovian Qubit Dephasing with Initial Correlations by Muzaffar Qadir Lone Mehboob Rashid Bhat, 551
Junaid Majeed Bhat, Ahmad Farouk.
JKSC-279 Manipulation of Rubidium Cascade System using Pump-Probe-Auxiliary Lasers by Waseem Raja, M. Farooq 564
Mir, Ayan ray, Alok Chakrabarti, Raja Ramanna.
JKSC-313 Structural and Magnetic Property Changes due to Cobalt Doping in LaMn1-xCoxO3 (0.1≤ x ≤ 0.5) by Farooq 558
Hussain Bhat, Ghazala Anjum, Ram Janey Choudhary, Ravi Kumar, Manzoor Ahmad Malik.
JKSC-318 Fluctuation Induced Conductivity in YBCO/Ag Composite Superconductors by Bilal Ahmad Malik, Manzoor 545
Ahmad Malik, Gowher H. Rather, K. Asokan.
JKSC-331 On the Pre-heating of Intra-Cluster Medium by Manzoor Malik, Asif Iqbal Ahangar, S. Majumdar, Biman B. 554
Nath, S. Ettori, D. Eckert.
JKSC-534 Low l Power Suppression in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Phantom Inflation by Mussadiq 550
Hussain Qureshi Asif Iqbal Ahanger, Manzoor A. Malik.
JKSC-562 Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Studies of Holmium Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Ruqiya Bhat, 559
Ghulam Nabi Dar.
JKSC-891 The Study of Cosmic Ray Intensity Variation with Solar Activity Indices for Solar Cycle 22-24 by Shabir 560
Ahmad, C. M. Tiwari, A.K.Saxena.
JKSC-930 EMI Shielding and Dielectric Properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Thin Films Over Wide (Ku-Band) Frequency 544
Region by Hilal Ahmad Reshi, Rayees Ahmad Zargar, Vilas Shelke.
JKSC-941 Physical Properties of Zn1-xCdxO Films for Optoelectronic Device Applications by Rayees Ahmad Zargar, 565
Hilal Ahmad Reshi, Sharief Ud Din Khan.
JKSC-1206 CCD Airglow Imager Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves and Ionospheric Plasma Waves Over 541
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India by Ramkumar T. K., Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Bilal Ahmad Ganaie,
Aashiq Hussain Bhat.
JKSC-1249 Effect of pH and Dopant Concentration on Intensity of Gd 2O3: Eu Phosphors Synthesized by Hydrothermal 543
Method by Ruby Priya, O.P. Pandey.
JKSC-1369 Structural and Morphological Studies of Double Perovskite Gd 2NiMnO6 by Nazima Nazir. 563
JKSC-1377 Space Dispersion of Induced Charge in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) by Shamsul Haque Thoker, Waseem 557
Bari Tak, Satyanarayana Bheesette.
JKSC-1403 Thin Film Preparation of Single and Bilayer Rare-Earth Doped PZT-Co Ferrite Composites by Rubiya Samad, 561
Mehraj Ud Din Rather, Basharat Want, Nuzhat Nazir, Nahida Hassan.
JKSC-1541 High Energy Magnon Excitations in Epitaxial LaFeO3 and LaFe0.75Zn0.25O3 Cubic Thin Films Grown on 546
SrTiO3 (STO) (100) Substrate by Samiya Manzoor, Shahid Husain, V. Raghavendra Reddy.
JKSC-1550 Improved Photo-Electrochemical Efficiency shown by Fe2O3 Deposited Multi-leg TiO2 Nanotube Array by 549
Muzaffar Ahmad Boda, Mohammad Ashraf Shah.
JKSC-1568 Observation of Periodic VLF Emissions and Whistler-Triggered Periodic VLF Emissions at Low Latitude 552
Ground Station Jammu (L=1.17) and their Interpretations by Rajou Kumar Pandita.
JKSC-1570 Impedance Spectroscopy Study of LSMH Crystals in the Temperature Range of 150-300K by Fayaz Ahmad 547
Najar, Gowher Bashir Vakil, Basharat Ahmad Want.
JKSC-1668 Correlation of Atmospheric Electric Field with Meteorological Parameters and Aerosol Concentration in 542
Kashmir Valley by Shaista Afreen, Gowher Bashir Vakil, Tassaduq Hussain, Nissar Ahmed.
JKSC-1690 Electric, Magnetic and Magnetodielectric Properties of Yttrium Doped BaTiO3-CoFe2O4Multiferroic 566
Composite by Mehraj Ud Din Rather, Rubiya Samad, Basharat Want.

Statistical Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-181 On Length Biased Nakagami Distribution by Sofi Mudasir Ahad, Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad. 575
JKSC-184 Extension of Generalized Inverse Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Applications by Uzma Jan, Sheikh 576
Parvaiz Ahmad.

xxi
 JKSC-196 A New Family of Weighted Maxwell -Boltzmann and its Application by Ajaz Ahmad Bhat, Sheikh Parvaiz 570
Ahmad.
JKSC-220 Estimation of Finite Population Mean Using Auxiliary Information in Simple Random Sampling by Subzar 577
Ahmad Mir.
JKSC-224 Special Issue on Bayesian Methods in Statistical Theory and Econometrics by Firdoos Yousuf. 578
JKSC-235 Improvement of Model Efficiency in Chemical Analysis by Orthogonal Regression by Khurshid Ahmad Bhat. 579
JKSC-283 A Mathematical Programming Approach for Obtaining Optimum Strata Boundaries Using Two Auxiliary 569
Variables Under Proportional Allocation by Faizan Danish.
JKSC-328 New Generalized Average Code-Word Length and its Bounds in Terms of New Generalized Inaccuracy 580
Measure and their Characterization by Ashiq Hussain Bhat, Mirza Abdul Khalique Baig.
JKSC-343 On Application of Statistical Models and an Extension of the Generalized Exponential Distribution by Bilal 581
Ahmad Bhat, Nisar Ahmad Rather.
JKSC-357 An Efficient Ratio Type Estimators for Finite Population Mean Using Huber M Estimation by Tariq Ahmad 571
Raja.
JKSC-382 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Utilizing R Software Analytics by Immad Shah, Imran Khan, Shakeel A. 582
Mir, M. S. Pukhta, Ajaz, A. Lone, Sabreena Wani.
JKSC-667 Generalized Inverse Fisk Model with Applications in Medical Sciences by Bilal Ahmad Para, Tariq Rashid 583
Jan.
JKSC-730 Two Parametric 'Useful' Fuzzy Information Measure and Noiseless Coding Theorems by Saima Manzoor Sofi, 584
Safeena Peerzada, M.A.K. Baig.
JKSC-737 Application of Non-parametric and Semi-Parametric Regression Models for Production, Productivity and 572
Area Trends in Apple (Malus domestica) in Jammu and Kashmir by Yasmeena Ismail, Nageena Nazir.
JKSC-739 Noiseless Coding Theorems of Two Parametric Fuzzy Information Measure by Safeena Peerzada, Saima 585
Manzoor Sofi, M.A.K. Baig.
JKSC-744 Some Characterization Results of Lifetime Distributions Using Two Parametric Weighted (Useful) 586
Generalized Interval Entropy by Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Mohd Javid Dar.
JKSC-792 Applications of Implicit Small Area Models in Agriculture by Nageena Nazir, Shakeel Ahmad Mir, Zahoor 573
Ahmad Rather, Bhagyashree Dhekele, Gazala Nazir.
JKSC-937 Determination of Appropriate Sampling Design in High Density Apple Orchards by Tabasum Mushtaq, 574
Shakeel Ahmad Mir, Nageena Nazir.
JKSC-968 Characterization and Estimation of Generalized Inverse Power Lindley Distribution by Rameesa Jan, Nafeesa 587
Bashir, Tariq Rashid Jan.
JKSC-1032 A New Generalization of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Application by Aliya Syed Malik, 588
Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad.
JKSC-1539 Stress Strength Reliability for Exponentiated Inverse Power Lindley Distribution by Nafeesa Bashir, Rameesa 594
Jan, Tariq Rashid Jan.
JKSC-1675 A Modified Class of Dual to Ratio Estimators for Estimating the Population Variance Using Auxiliary 589
Information by Rafia Jan, Asra Nazir, Rafia Jan, Tariq Rashid Jan.
JKSC-1676 A Generalized Class of Exponential Ratio Type Estimator Using Conventional Parameters by Asra Nazir, 590
Rafia Jan, Tariq Rashid Jan.
JKSC-1688 A Generalized Discrete Model with Applications in Biological Sciences by Zahoor Ahmad, Adil Rahsid , T. 591
R. Jan.
JKSC-1689 On Parameter Estimation of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution Using Bayesian Approximation Techniques by 592
Kawsar Fatima, Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad.
JKSC-1697 A Modified Class of Ratio Type Estimators for Finite Population Mean in Stratified Random Sampling by S. 593
Maqbool.
JKSC-1699 Weighted Analogue of Inverse Levy Distribution by Ishfaq Ahmad Shah, Anwar Hassan, Aprajeeta Raina. 595

Computer Science and Information Technology

Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-188 The Chinese Artificial Intelligence Phenomenon: A Study by Abdul Mueed Hafiz, Ghulam Mohiuddin Bhat. 644
JKSC-199 Centralized Routing in Comparison with Legacy Distributed Routing by Suhail Ahmad, Ajaz Hussain Mir. 617
JKSC-204 Role of ECG in Myocardial Infarction: A Review Report by Syed Sajad Hussain, V. Rathikarani, 635
Dhanalakshmi.
JKSC-227 Internet of Things and Big Data as Two Faces of the Same Coin by Syed Rameem Zahra, Mohammad Ahsan 628
Chishti.
JKSC-237 An Automated Diagnosing System for Human Brain Disorders by Tawseef Ayoub Shaikh, Rashid Ali. 605
JKSC-243 Scalable Cloud an Automation in Computer Informatics: An Overview by Ab Rashid Dar, D. Ravindran, 637
Nazakat Idrees Khan.

xxii
JKSC-244 An Exploratory Study Based on Web Accessibility of Educational Institutes and Government Administrative 608
Department (GAD) Websites of Jammu and Kashmir by Abid Ismail , K. S. Kuppusamy.
JKSC-263 Non-Existent Software Engineering Profession in India by Juneed Iqbal, Bilal Maqbool Beigh. 631
JKSC-347 Robust Techniques for Improving the Effectiveness of Recommender Systems by Mohammed Wasid, Rashid 633
Ali.
JKSC-349 On the Security of a Public Key Cryptographic Scheme by Umar Badr Shafeeque, Izharuddin. 647
JKSC-360 A Study on Conceptual Model for Contact Making Attitude of Users in Social Networking Sites: A Case study 603
of Facebook Users by Asifa Ali, Samira Khan, Bilal Ahmad Bhat Shabir Ahmad Ganaie.
JKSC-369 Forensic and Anti-Forensic Analysis of B-Tree File System by Mohamad Ahtisham Wani. 622
JKSC-384 Role of Cyber Extension in Agricultural Development by Nazir Ahmad Sofi, Mudasir Manzoor Kirmani. 634
JKSC-401 Analysis of Cellular Automata-Based Image Scrambling Techniques by Zubair Jeelani, Fasel Qadir. 609
JKSC-403 Electronic Health Record Adoption in Hospitals: A Perspective Analysis in India by Musavir Hassan, Muheet 619
Ahmed Butt.
JKSC-451 Towards Building Smart Public Transportation System Using Bluetooth LE Advertising by Mukhtar Sofi, M. 643
Nandhini.
JKSC-499 An Efficient Test Case Selection Approach for Regression Testing by Fayaz Ahmad Khan Anil Kumar Gupta, 606
Dibya Jyoti Bora.
JKSC-522 How Technology Generates Stress on its Users: A Case Study of Techno-Stress Among Library Professionals 625
by Asifa Ali, Irfan Ul Haq Akhoon, Tajamul Hassan, Sumaira Jabeen, Shabir Ahmad Ganaie.
JKSC-585 Machine Learning in the Internet of Things (IoT) - Standardizing IoT for Better Learning by Rashid Ashraf 630
Malik, Asif Iqbal Kawoosa, Ovass Shafi Zargar.
JKSC-733 End-to-End Security in Fog-cloud Communication by Neelam Saleem Khan, Mohammad Ahsan Chishti. 620
JKSC-790 A Review of Popular Block-Based Methods for Copy-Move Forgery Detection by Gulnawaz Gani, Fasel 602
Qadir.
JKSC-799 AI as a Shield for Gender Manipulation Over Internet by Mir Aman Sheheryar Sheheryar. 607
JKSC-831 Integrated Healthcare Management Information System by Hufsa Manzoor Bhat. 627
JKSC-852 Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Creating a New Door for Preventive Medicine by Syed Ubaid Qurashi. 611
JKSC-879 Studies of Software Reliability Growth Models Considering Software Fault Detection and Correction Process 640
by Iqra Saraf, Javaid Iqbal.
JKSC-882 A Survey on Molecular Robots Capable of Sensing, Computation and Actuation by Ovass Shafi Zargar, Ab. 604
Qayoom Sofi, Asif Iqbal Kawoosa Rashid Ashraf Malik, Syed Ishfaq Manzoor.
JKSC-888 Study of NHPP Software Reliability Growth Models from the Perspectives of Debugging by Shozab Khurshid 642
Wani, Javaid Iqbal.
JKSC-932 A Novel Approach to Emotion Recognition in Speech Using Autoregressive Models with Boosting by Abid 600
Hussain Wani Rana Hashmy.
JKSC-956 Serverless Computing: An Evolution from Servers to Functions by Manasha Saqib. 639
JKSC-957 Design of Aadhaar Linked Cryptocurrency by Shafiya Afzal Sheikh, M. Tariq Banday. 618
JKSC-1039 Watson Health - The Future of Healthcare by Abdul Wahid, M. Tariq Banday. 645
JKSC-1058 A Novel Software Cost Estimation Model Based on Sensitive Optimization of the COCOMO Model 601
Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm by Zahid Hussain Wani1 S.M.K Quadri.
JKSC-1066 A Genetic Algorithm for Detection of Overlapped Communities in Complex Social Networks by Hilal Ahmad 599
Khanday, Rana Hashmy.
JKSC-1095 e-learning as a Tool for Higher Education and Challenges by Rehana Rasool, Muhammad Muzamil Kumar. 650
JKSC-1127 Smart Classroom: A Changing Face of Education in Present Society by Hafsah Jan. 651
JKSC-1132 Hadoop Clusters in Cloud Computing by Sehvish Riyaz, Veena Tripathi. 624
JKSC-1143 Robust Elliptic Curve Cryptography Based Communication for Smart Phones by Muneer Ahmad Dar, Syed 632
Nisar Hussain Bukhari.
JKSC-1148 Big Data Repository Structure by Farwah Fatima, Veena Tripathi. 613
JKSC-1166 Blockchain Technology: Applications and Issues by Tawseef Ahmed Teli. 615
JKSC-1190 Study and Analysis of Latest Trends in Cyber Attacks by Syed Nisar Bukahri, Muneer Ahmad Dar. 641
JKSC-1201 Applications of Machine Learning in Intelligent Systems by Ab. Qayoom Sofi, Ovass Shafi Zargar Shabir 610
Ahmad Najar Qurat-ul-ain, Hashair Nabi.
JKSC-1244 Security of SCADA run Power System Networks: A review by Asif Iqbal Kawoosa, Rashid Ashraf Malik, 638
Ovass Shafi Zargar, Syed Ishfaq Manzoor.
JKSC-1296 Web Attack: A Critical Threat to the Information Society by Mohd Umar John Dar, Junaid Latief Shah, Gazi 646
Imtiyaz.
JKSC-1303 Machine Intelligence Technologies and Advancements by Ab. Waheed Lone. 629
JKSC-1315 Biometric Cryptosystems in Cloud Ecosystem by Mahreen Saeem. 614
JKSC-1345 Generic Inventory System Management with BAAS by Shoiab Fayaz. 623
JKSC-1423 Impact of Modern Internet in Diminishing the Line Between Web Apps and Desktop Applications - A Review 626
by Shahnawaz Qadir, Mehboob Ali.
JKSC-1450 Role of E-Learning in Jammu and Kashmir by Akash Ahmad Bhat, Manooj Kumar. 636

xxiii
 JKSC-1466 Font Issues in Kashmiri Language and their Resolution using Unicode Standard 10.0 by Aadil Ahmad Lawaye. 621
JKSC-1516 Bootstrapping for Supervised Learning by Mudasir Mohd, Rana Hashmy. 616
JKSC-1523 Automatic Corpora for Supervised Learning by Zahid Maqbool. 612
JKSC-1679 An Analysis of Various Access Control Models in Cloud Computing by Saima Mehraj, M. Tariq Banday. 648
JKSC-1702 Information Overload: Challenges and Approach for Mitigation by Mohammad Qasim. 649

Electronic Science and Technology

Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-225 BER Analysis of Speech Transmission in Fading Environment Using MIMO-FBMC and OFDM for Future 673
5G Mobile Communications Technology by Sakeena Akhtar, Javaid A. Sheikh, Shabir A.Parah, Zaffer Iqbal.
JKSC-281 A Study of Technologies, Challenges and Applications of Green Internet of Things by Mir Nazish, M. Tariq 662
Banday.
JKSC-282 Hardware Implementation of Real Time Amalgam of Computer Vision and Robotic Audition System 686
Algorithms Using an Integrated FPGA-DSP Platform by Arshid Iqbal Khan, Syed Mujtaba Hassan, Jahangir
Ahmad Butt.
JKSC-287 Energy Efficient Radio Resource Allocation (EERRA) for 5G Based Device to Device Communication Using 682
Convex Optimization Techniques by Arshid Iqbal Khan, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Muzaffar Gani, Farhana
Mustafa.
JKSC-377 Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using Fast K-Means Clustering Technique for Digital Image Forensics by 677
Tawheed Jan Shah, M. Tariq Banday.
JKSC-421 Blockchain Technology- Impact and Application to Human Society by Mudasir Ahmad Dar, M. Tariq Banday. 675
JKSC-466 Synthesis and Characterization of Ag: Porous Carbon Nanocomposites for Sensor Application by Sharief Ud 704
Din Khan, M Arora.
JKSC-473 A Highly Sensitive Encryption Technique for High Security Watermarking Applications by Nasir N. Hurrah, 658
Nazir A. Loan, Jahangir A. Akhoon, Shabir A. Parah, Javaid A. Sheikh.
JKSC-510 Internet of Things for Global Development by Reaz Ahmad Mathangi, M. Tariq Banday, M. Rafiq Beigh. 688
JKSC-563 The Green Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies by Tazmeen Nazir Mattoo, Mohammad 706
Tariq Banday, Javeed Iqbal Reshi.
JKSC-650 Design of a Skin Surface Potential Sensing Helmet by Khushboo Qureshi, Lubna Malik, Mehak Shafi, Sabrina 678
Khursheed, M. Tariq Banday.
JKSC-655 Lab-On-Chip Technology: A Step Forward in Nosology Science by Shagun Gupta, Furqan Zahoor, Vipan 689
Kakkar.
JKSC-680 Anti-Forensics as a Hurdle in Digital Forensic Investigations and its Counter Measures by Mariya Shafat, M. 669
Tariq Banday, M.Rafiq Beigh.
JKSC-681 Social Spider Algorithm for Internet of Things for Energy Efficient Routing by Issmat Shah Masoodi, 701
Mohammad Tariq Banday, Mudasir Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-691 An Overview of Spin Field Effect Transistor (Spin-FET) Technology by Gul Faroz Ahmad Malik, Mubashir 667
Ahmad Kharadi, Nusrat Parveen, Farooq Ahmad Khanday.
JKSC-693 An Overview of CNTFET Technology by Mubashir Ahmad Kharadi, Gul Faroz Ahmad Malik, Khurshed 666
Ahmad Shah, Farooq Ahmad Khanday.
JKSC-704 An Overview of the Image Edge Detection Techniques for Information Hiding by Aiman Jan, Shabir Ahmad 663
Parah, Bilal A. Malik, J. A. Sheikh, G. M. Bhat.
JKSC-706 Overview of Different Watermarking Techniques for Copyright Protection and Authentication by Muzamil 694
Hussan, Shabir Ahmad Parah, G. Gheelani Qureshi, J.A.Sheikh, G. M Bhat.
JKSC-710 Blind Robust Image Rotation Estimation Technique Based on Pythagorean Theorem by Nazir Ahmed Loan, 674
Nasir Nabi Hurrah, Shabir A.Parah, Jahangir A. Akhoon, Javaid A. Sheikh.
JKSC-713 High Capacity Watermarking Technique for Authentication of Medical Images by Solihah Gull, Shabir A. 687
Parah.
JKSC-715 Recent Trends in Phase Change Memory Technology by Samrah Mehraj, Farooq A. Khanday. 699
JKSC-717 Stochastic Computing and its Challenges by Romisa Akhtar, Farooq A. Khanday. 702
JKSC-751 A Novel 1-Bit Comparator in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata by S. Umira R. Qadri, Z. A. Bangi, M. Tariq 657
Banday, M. Rafiq Beigh.
JKSC-758 On the Study of Tunable Microwave Filters for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Communications by Zahid A. Bhat, 693
Raqeebur Rehman, Javaid A. Sheikh, Mehboob ul Amin, Sharief ud Din.
JKSC-761 An Energy Saving Perspective of the Technologies Underlying Green Internet of Things by Syed Suhail A. 665
Simnani, M. Tariq Banday.
JKSC-780 A Survey on COAP- A New Version of HTTP for IoT by Safia Gul, Ghulam Mohuddin Bhat, Bilal Ahmad 664
Malik.
JKSC-915 On the Study and Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM for Future Wireless Systems Using Rician Fading 695
Channel by Priyanka Mishra, Javaid Sheikh, Mehbbob ul Amin.

xxiv
 JKSC-988 A Study of Adaptive Antenna Systems by Sakib Qadir Sofi. 660
JKSC-992 A Review of Phased Array Antennas by Tanveer Hussain Parray. 659
JKSC-1049 QoS in Wireless Mobile Communication System by Improving Handoff Using Fuzzy Logic by G. M. Mir, G. 697
M. Bhat, A. A. Balkhi.
JKSC-1135 Microsensors in the Realm of Defense and Environmental Arena by Humirah Majeed, Neeraj Tripathi. 691
JKSC-1136 A Study on Dependence of Radiation Parameters of a Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Variable 656
Distance of Probe from its Center with Air-Gap introduced Between CDRA & Ground Plane by Durjoy Roy,
Manotosh Biswas.
JKSC-1191 Micro-System Tools for Brain Mapping: Current Technology and Trends by Syed Tooba Shamim Andrabi, 715
Neeraj Tripathi.
JKSC-1223 Back-propagation Learning Algorithm for Artificial Neural Networks by Arshid Nisar, Farooq Ahmad 672
Khanday.
JKSC-1240 Average Path Length Optimization for Adder Circuits Using Decision Diagram Technique by Md Balal 671
Siddiqui, Mirza Tariq Beg, S. Naseem Ahmad.
JKSC-1266 Classification Model: Neural Networks to Deep Convolutional Neural Networks by Farhat Roohi, G. 676
Mohiuddin Bhat, Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi.
JKSC-1272 Studies of Size Reduction of Microstrip Patch Antenna by Anirban Bhattacharya, Partha Pratim Sarkar. 703
JKSC-1273 A Compact Multiband Microstrip Antenna by Saptarsika Das, Partha Pratim Sarkar. 655
JKSC-1274 Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)- An Initiative Towards Greener Wireless Communication by Ifat Rasheed Zargar, 690
Gazala Rashid Zargar.
JKSC-1275 Fractional Capacitors: An Overview and Latest Design Trends by Zaid Mohammad Shah, Farooq Ahmad 684
Khanday.
JKSC-1293 Generating Electricity with Sound for Low Power Devices by Syed Ubaid Qurashi. 685
JKSC-1334 Arithmetic Function Implementation Using Stochastic Logic by Romisa Akhtar, Farooq Ahmad Khanday. 670
JKSC-1362 Analysis of Short Channel Characteristics of Gate Engineered Tri-Gate Silicon on Nothing MOSFET by Aadil 668
Tahir Shora, Farooq Ahmad Khanday.
JKSC-1373 DICOM: An Overview and Challenges by Aaqib Anjum Reshi, Shabir A. Parah. 679
JKSC-1375 Digital Image Compression Using Bit Plane Coding by Sameena Shah, Shabir A. Parah. 680
JKSC-1393 Smart Stick an Arduino Based Speech Guided Obstacle Avoidance System for Visually Impaired Citizens by 700
Lubna Ahad, Mariya, Sehar, Yasir, Omar.
JKSC-1435 Nuclear Fusion by Harvesting Solar Energy by Syed Ubaid Qurashi. 692
JKSC-1445 PLC based U- turn violation detection for Road Safety measures by Shakeel Ahmad Bhat. 696
JKSC-1470 A Study of Light Weighted Security Algorithms for IoT (Internet of Things) by Ashaq Hussain Dar, M. Tariq 661
Banday.
JKSC-1473 Recent Developments in Hardware Neuromorphic Computing by Mujtaba Yousuf Kathjoo, Farooq A. 698
Khanday, M. Tariq Banday.
JKSC-1481 Efficient Room Heater by Suhail Bilal Dar, Rouf ul Alam Bhat, Soliha Shareef, Khuban Lateef, Murtaza 681
Imtiyaz, Isma Habib.
JKSC-1653 Opportunities to Address Security Challenges on the IoT Node Side by Ishfaq Sultan, Mohammad Tariq 707
Banday, Javeed Iqbal Reshi.
JKSC-1664 SEFDM - A New Signal Processing Scheme for e-Health by Ifrah Afzal, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh. 708
JKSC-1669 A Study of IEEE STD 802.15.4 and its Development by Aiman Latif, M. Tariq Banday. 709
JKSC-1670 Techniques of Node Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review by Faheem Shafi, M. Tariq Banday. 710
JKSC-1671 Efficient Design of Filter Bank Based on Cosine Modulation by Zaffer Iqbal, Javaid A. Sheikh. 711
JKSC-1673 Merging Cloud with IoT (Internet of Things) by Syed Saalim Shabir Bukhari Shabir A. Parah. 712
JKSC-1674 Innovative Low-Cost Solar Dryers by A.A. Balkhi, G. M. Mir, N.A. Lala. 713
JKSC-1686 FPGA Implementation of Logic Gates Using Neural Network by Wajid Manzoor, Farooq Ahmad Khanday. 683
JKSC-1687 System on Chip Design Challenges and Solutions by Zeeshan Shafi. 705
JKSC-1701 Performance Evaluation of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)Using Low Density Parity Check 714
(LDPC) by Madiha Showkat, Javaid A Sheikh.

Engineering Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
Development and Testing of Step Expanding Saffron Corm Grader by Syed Nuzhat Fazil, Syed
JKSC-229 727
Midhat Fazil.
Comparison of Different Evapotranspiration Models for Gala Red Variety of Apples in Kashmir
JKSC-246 726
Valley by Mehlath Shah, Rohitashw Kumar, Anaum Chishti, Midhat Fazil.
Analysis and Development of Traffic Stream Parameters for Heterogeneous Traffic in Srinagar
JKSC-340 722
City, Jammu and Kashmir- A Case Study by Tazim Ameen, Asif Ahmad Bhat, Muttahir Hussain.

xxv
 JKSC-409 Groundwater Quality Modelling for Irrigation Appraisal by S.R. Kumar. 733
A CFD Approach for Assessment of Sediment Erosion on Dulhasti Power Station Runner by
JKSC-472 719
Junaid Hassan Masoodi, G. A. Harmain, Mohammad Zehab Din, Ishfaq Makayei.
Performance Evaluation of Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) Signal Processing Technique for 5G
JKSC-506 739
and IoT Networks by Shifa Showkat, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Sakeena Akhtar.
Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Bituminous Mixes in Freeze-Thaw Areas by Ishfaq Mohi
JKSC-538 734
Ud Din Bhat , Mohmmad Shafi Mir.
Emerging Technologies for Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: A Review by Asma Iqbal, Syed
JKSC-550 731
Akhlaq Ahmad.
Coactivation of Knee Muscles in Sit-Stand-Sit Task by Siddharth Bhardwaj, Abid Ali Khan,
JKSC-551 725
Mohammad Muzammil.
Power Saver System Based On Visitor Count with Temperature and Light Sensing by Muneesa
JKSC-547 740
Shafi Shah, Muneeba Shafi Shah, Adfar Majid.
JKSC-554 Friction and Wear Characteristics of ECL'S by Uzma Iqbal, M. F Wani. 732
Trend Analysis of Temperature Using MK Test in the Himalayan Environment of Kashmir and
JKSC-571 747
Ranichauri, India by Zeenat Farooq, Rohitashw Kumar, Deepak Jhajharia.
JKSC-603 Earthquake Saftey of Structures by Mueed Rasool Bhat. 730
JKSC-658 Safety Kit for Domestic Gas Regulators by Syed Raahat Ara. 744
Mechanization by Self-Propelled Paddy Transplanter and Reaper in Transplanting and Harvesting
JKSC-709 736
of Paddy in J&K by Shoaib Amin, Jagvir Dixit.
Resource Allocation in Wavelet FBMC used in 5G Technology by Farhana Mustafa, Javaid A
JKSC-825 742
Sheikh, G. M. Bhat, Arshid Iqbal.
Role of Statcom in Improving the Performance of a Hybrid Power Plant System Connected with
JKSC-978 743
Existing Power Grid by Ishtiyaq Rafiqi, Tawheed Jan Shah.
JKSC-981 Rainfall-runoff Modeling of Jhelum Basin Using HEC-HMS by Tanzeel Khan, Rohitashw Kumar. 741
A New Approach to Design Low Power and High Frequency Ring Oscillators Using Cascaded
JKSC-993 720
Pseudo N-type GNRFET Inverters by Umar Mohammad, Mohd Yusuf Yasin.
Sustainable Mobility in Developing Cities: Need, Issues and Solutions by Ubaid Illahi,
JKSC-1015 746
Mohammad Shafi Mir.
Simulation of Cyclic Stress-Strain Response of Aluminum Reinforced with Silicon Carbide Using
JKSC-1113 745
Finite Element Analysis by Farheen Fayaz, Taqwa Qadri, Ishrat Ashraf, Qazi Junaid Ashraf.
MEMS Devices for Human Welfare and Upliftment: A Critical Study by Umayia Mushtaq, Neeraj
JKSC-1169 737
Tripathi.
Characterization of TiO2-H2O Nanofluids for Use in Solar Collectors by Ovais Gulzar, Adnan
JKSC-1194 724
Qayoum, Rajat Gupta.
Low Cost Precision Capacitance Measurement Device by Rouf Ul Alam Bhat, Ghulam Mohuidin
JKSC-1219 735
Bhat.
A Review of the Use of Insulation Materials in Cold Regions by Ayaz Ahmed, Adnan Qayoum ,
JKSC-1420 721
Fasil Qayoom Mir.
Numerical Investigation on Various Hyperelastic Material Models Used for Modeling of Balloon
JKSC-1434 738
Expandable- Endovascular Stents by Nadeem Akbar Najar, Ghulam Ashraful Harmain.
Disturbance Rejection of a Single-Axis of a Quadcopter Using Lead Compensation by Danish
JKSC-1528 728
Rafiq, Adil Showkat, Suhail Majeed, Vaqar Ahmed, Shahkar A. Nehvi, Majid H.Koul.
JKSC-1573 Ceramic Electrolytes for Li-S batteries by Mir MehrajUd Din. 723
Disaster Management in Power System by Loveneesh Talwar, Sakshi Sharma, Mudabir Ajaj
JKSC-1643 729
Peerzada.
JKSC-1700 Recycling of Demolished Concrete in Construction by Mir Aijaz Ahmad, Umer Farooq. 748

Food Science and Technology

Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-183 Effect of Different Treatments on Physico-Chemical Properties of Soy Yoghurt by Hilal Ahmad Punoo, 760
Mudasir Ahmad Mir, Waqa Nabi Baba.
JKSC-257 Crop Diversification vis-a-vis Climate Change to Ensure Food Security in Jammu and Kashmir by Iqra 756
BasharatQureshi, Arshad Hussain Bhat, Shabir Ahmed Rather Sheeba Qureshi, Saima Zahoor.

xxvi
JKSC-276 Prevalence of Heat Stable Strains of Bacillus Cereus in Raw and Cooked Rice Samples in Kashmir Province 777
by Syed Akram Hussain, Zia Ul HassanMunshi, Mudasir A. Rather, Najimaana Wani, Sabu Showkat, Tariq
A. Bhat, Ishfaq A. Lone.
JKSC-286 Physico-chemical Properties of Indian Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) Starch Films as Affected by γ- 774
irradiation by Idrees Ahmed Wani.
JKSC-317 Optimization of Time Temperature for Thermal Treatment of Rista- An Approach to Reduce Negative 773
Changes by Sajad Ahmad Mir, F. A. Masoodi.
JKSC-361 Effect of Different Concentrations of Soy Milk on Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Textural Properties of 758
Vanilla Flavored Soy Yogurt with the Addition of Starch by Nafiya Qadir, Hilal Ahmad Punoo.
JKSC-390 Enrichment of Local Maize Flour by Afsah Iqbal Nahvi, Sanya Khan, Jahangir A.Rather, Rehana Akhter, 767
Tariq A. Ganaie.
JKSC-391 TrapaCake: An Innovative Product by Afsah Iqbal Nahvi, Sanya Khan. 780
JKSC-406 Consumption Pattern of Fish Among People in District Srinagar of Kashmir Valley by Sabeeha Yaqoob, Tariq 755
Bhat, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Bisma Ashraf Zargar, Nusrat.
JKSC-457 Fabricated Foods by Tahiya Qadri, Haroon Rashid Naik, Bazila Naseer. 768
JKSC-504 Effect of Microwave Heat and Na-Benzoate on the Physico-Chemical, Microbial, Sensory, Textural and 764
Surface Colour Measurement of Carrot Pickles During Storage at Ambient Temperature by Gh Jeelani Raja,
Farooq Ahmad Masoodi.
JKSC-626 Role of Flavours in Food Industries by Qudsiya Ayaz, Haroon Rashid Naik. 779
JKSC-638 Consumer Behaviour Towards Organic Products in District Srinagar of Jammu and Kashmir State by Imaan 754
Ashraf, Sabahat Hussain, Asifa Ali, Shahzada Akhtar, Bilal Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-741 Chenopodiumalbum Linn: Nutritive Value, Potential Use in Gluten Free-Functional Food Systems and Health 752
Benefits by Romee Jan.
JKSC-881 Effect of Different Solvent Extraction on Antioxidant Potential of Cauliflower Waste- A Valuable Vegetable 759
Byproduct by Amreen Nazir, Hafiza Ahsan.
JKSC-909 Nano Encapsulation of Catechin in Starch Nanoparticles: Characterization; Release Behavior and Bioactivity 771
Retention During in Vitro Digestion by Mudasir Ahmad, Adil Gani, F. A. Masoodi, Touseef Ahmed Wani.
JKSC-944 Himalayan Cheese (Kalari) Fermented with Different Probiotic Strains: In Vitro Investigation of Nutraceutical 770
Properties by Mehvish Mushtaq Wani, Adil Gani, F. A. Masoodi.
JKSC-1091 Effect of Incorporation of Extruded Chickpea Flour on Physicochemical Composition and Sensory Attributes 762
of Gluten Free Cakes by Khushnuma Maqbool Haroon Rashid Naik, Nazia Nisar, Amreen Nazir.
JKSC-1257 Effect of Roasted Flax Seed Flour on the Physico Chemical, Sensory, Textural and Antioxidant Properties of 766
Cookies by Mafoka Fayaz.
JKSC-1292 Post-Harvest Losses for Cherries During Transportation and Storage by Varsha Kanojia, Syed Zameer 776
Hussain, A. Rouf, Monica Reshi.
JKSC-1348 Effect of Guar and Xanthan Gum on the Formation of Cholesterol Oxidation Products in Traditional Meat 761
Products of J & K During Thermal Processing and Storage by Sajad Ahmad Rather, Farooq Ahmad Masoodi,
Jahangir A.Rather, Rehana Akhter, Tariq A. Ganaie.
JKSC-1357 Coffee as a Source of Food Polymer by Omar Bin Hameed, Naeema Jan. 753
JKSC-1364 Fermentation Process for the Production of Black Garlic Vinegar: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, 769
Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics by Munazah Sidiq, F.A. Masoodi, Rehana Akhter.
JKSC-1394 Nano Reduction of Beta Glucan and its Utilization as Nano Carrier for Sustainable Release by Zanoor Ashraf, 772
Adil Gani, Asima Shah.
JKSC-1413 Effect of Low Frequency Ultrasonication on Structural and Functional Properties of Isolated Myosin from 763
Chicken Breast Muscle by Rashid Saleem Parry, Riaz Ahmad.
JKSC-1442 Phytase from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Boom in Food Industry by Deepali Bhagat, Preeti Sharma, Parvez 775
Singh Slathia, Neelu Raina.
JKSC-1452 Recent Advances in the Development of Various Rapid Analytical Techniques for Authentication of Honey 778
by Tariq Ahmad, F. A. Masoodi, Sajad Ahmad Rather, Sajad Mohd Wani, Rehana Akhter.
JKSC-1478 Non-timber Forest Products (NTPFs) Supporting Household Food Security in Gurez Valley of Kashmir by 782
Ummar Atta, M.A Islam, F.A Shah Khan.
JKSC-1494 Water Extractable Pentosans - Quantification of Ferulic Acid Using RP-HPLC, Techno-Rheological and 781
Antioxidant Properties by Asima Jan, F.A. Masoodi, Adil Gani.
JKSC-1496 Effect of Natural Antioxidants, Antimicrobials and Gamma Irradiation on the Shelf Life of Raw Meat 765
Emulsions During Refrigerated Storage by Rehana Akhter, F.A.Masoodi, Sajad Ahmad Rather.
JKSC-1558 Bioactive Peptides from Various Food Sources and their Nutraceutical Potential by Mehnaza Manzoor, 751
Jagmohan Singh , Nazia Baba.
JKSC-1623 Development of Genetic Resources for Mapping Nutritional Traits in Indian Wheats by M. Tahir, Safoora 757
Shafi, M. A. Khan, Mohd. Ashraf Bhat, Asma Hamid, Hilal Ahmad, Reyazul Rouf Mir.

xxvii
Home Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-280 A Study on Nutrient Intake of Pregnant Women in Kashmir by Uzma Ali, Hummara Azim. 787
JKSC-295 Flora and Faunal Utilization for Health and Food Practices “A Study on Indigenous Traditional Health and 792
Food Practices in District Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir” by Bhinish Shakeel, Hummara Azim, Nayeema
Jabeen.
JKSC-644 Disruptive Patterns of Eating Behavior and Associated Lifestyles in Children with ADHD by Arjumand 790
Yousuf.
JKSC-646 Lower Limb Amputation: An Assessment of Depression by Shafia Nazir. 793
JKSC-647 Emotional Intelligence Among Hearing Impaired and Normal Adolescents in Srinagar city by Shafia Nazir, 795
Rumaisa.
JKSC-734 A Study on Adolescent-Parent Relationship with Reference to Fathers in a Rural Setting by Shaheeda Shaban, 785
Hummara Azim.
JKSC-851 Consumption Pattern of Junk Foods by Obese and Non-Obese Adolescent Girls of Srinagar City by Shafia 789
Jan, Nilofer Khan, Naheed Vaida.
JKSC-1046 A Study on the Factors Contributing to the Students’ Academic Performance in Different Universities of 786
Kashmir Valley by Sabahat Hussain, Sidrat-Ul-Muntaha Anees Nusrat, Shahzada Akhtar, Bilal A. Bhat.
JKSC-1083 A Study on Adulteration of Spices and Oils with Specific Reference to City by Naila Irshad Shah, Hummara 788
Azim.
JKSC-1153 Spiritual Wellness Among Muslim Adults of Jammu City by Sanya Khan, Samridhi Arora, Afsah Iqbal. 794
JKSC-1297 Effect of Birth Spacing, Maternal Educational and Occupation Status on Birth Weight of Normally Delivered 791
Kashmiri Neonates by Gazala Nisar, Nilofer Khan.

Nanotechnology
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-190 Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles by Irshad Ahmad Wani. 806
JKSC-278 Mycosynthesis of Nano-Silver from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Medicinal Plant and its Application 805
Against Human Pathogens by Tahira Akther, Mohd Shahanbaj Khan , B S Abdur Rahman, S. Hemlatha.
JKSC-339 Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Composite of Delafossite Oxide with Graphene Oxide 807
(CuCrO2@GO) for Multidisciplinary Applications by Aadil Abass Shah, Ameer Azam.
JKSC-517 Fabrication of the Regenerated Cellulose Nanofibers Incorporated with TiO2/ Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles 801
for Application in Bone Regeneration by Roqia Ashraf, Hasham S Sofi, Abdul Hanan Khan, Faheem A Shiekh.
JKSC-698 Synthesis and Characterization of Phase Pure ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles by Mubashir Qayoom, Shuja Bashir 808
Malik, G. N. Dar.
JKSC-762 Molecular Cloning of HMGR as a Strategy for Elevated Aconite Biosynthesis in Aconitum heterophyllum 804
Wall ex Royle by Tareq Ahmad Wani, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo, Shah Rafiq, Mudasar Ahmad Ganai.
JKSC-1165 Facile Process to Utilize Plastic Wastes for Energy Production and Storage Applications by Rameez Ahmad 802
Mir, Om Prakash Pandey.
JKSC-1222 Halide Perovskites, the Class of Potential Materials for Application as Power Sources in the Internet of Things 803
(IoT) by Khursheed Ahmad Parrey, Mohd. Warish, Asad Niazi.
JKSC-1224 Effect of pH and Dopant Concentration on Intensity of Gd2O3:Eu Phosphors Synthesized by Hyrothermal 800
Method by Ruby Priya, Om Parkash Pandey.
JKSC-1289 CdS:Ag Composite Nanoparticles Mediated by Melia Azedarach Leaves Extract by Anju Nigam, Muzaffar 799
Iqbal Khan, Shailendra Chomola , Pawan Singh, Shubra Kala.

Disaster Management
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-395 Impact of Natural Disasters in Kashmir. A Case Study from Ganderbal District, Jammu & Kashmir by Ayaz 814
Mohmood Dar, Kaiser Bukhari, Maqbool Yousuf.
JKSC-501 Fire Hazard Scenario in Kashmir Valley: Preparedness and Mitigation Measures by Ashiq Hussain Rather, 815
Javeed Ahmad Rather.
JKSC-1134 Urban Flood Hazard Accessment of Srinagar City, in J & K State by Hakim Farooq Ahmad, M.Sultan Bhat, 816
Akhtar Alam, Shabir Ahmad.
JKSC-1261 Mitigation Strategies: Disaster Management in Kashmir by Shariq Ahmad Bhat. 813
JKSC-1467 Disaster Resilient Infrastructure: A Strategy for Mitigation by Saqib Gulzar, Abdul Rashid Dar, Abdul 811
Qayoom Dar.

xxviii
 JKSC-1563 Assessment of Geospatial Technologies in Earthquake Vulnerability Zonation of Kashmir by Kirti Avishek, 812
Aiman Salva Khan.
JKSC-1617 Disaster Scenario of Kashmir Valley: Evaluation of Management Strategies by Shariq Ahmad Bhat. 817

Earth Science
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-389 Rainfall and Relief Induced Changes on Provenance of Sediments in Southern India by Malik Zubair Ahmad, 838
Pramod Singh.
JKSC-452 Quaternary Crustal Deformation on Active Out-of-Sequence Thrust Faults in Kashmir Himalaya by Maqbool 837
Yousuf, Kaiser Bukhari, Ayaz Mohmood Dar.
JKSC-462 Petrography and Petrofacies of Lower Vindhyan Clastic Sedimentary Rocks of Khardeola Formation of 836
Northwestern Indian Shield, Southeastern Rajasthan: Implications for Provenance and Tectonic-Setting by
Shahnawaz Khan, Abdullah Khan, Masud Kawsar, M.Masroor Alam.
JKSC-492 Geotechnical Study of Sediments of Srinagar City: Implication for Seismic Hazard Assessment of Kashmir 828
Valley, J&K, India by Sareer Ahmad Mir, Rakesh Chandra, Shakil Ahmad, Irfan Rashid, Imtiyaz Ahmad,
Parvez, Javad, Mohd. Aadil, MidharFayaz.
JKSC-513 Microstructural Studies and Kinematics of Flow of MCT Shear Zone NW Himalaya, Digdol, Jammu and 835
Kashmir by Mohsin Ahmad Ahanger, Jeelani Gh..
JKSC-673 Seismic Site Characterization for Hazard Assessment Based on Empirically Derived Ground Motion Data of 840
Srinagar City, Kashmir Valley, India by Javid Ahmad Dar, Rakesh Chandra, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan
Rashid, Imtiyaz Ahmad Parvez, Aadil Ahmad Bhat, Sareer Ahmad, Midhat Fayaz.
JKSC-794 Estimation of Building Strength in Different Parts of Srinagar City Using Rebound Hammer Technique for 823
Seismic Hazard Assessment by Mohd Aadil Bhat, Rakesh Chandra, Shakil Ahmad, Irfan Rashid, Imtiyaz
Ahmad , Javid Ahmad, Sareer Ahmad , Midhyat Fayaz.
JKSC-953 Application of SWAT Model for Generating Stream-Flow in the Glaciated Watershed by Tanveer A. Dar, 843
Sarah Sarah.
JKSC-962 Recent Human Impact and Paleolimnology of the Anchar Lake, Kashmir Valley, Western Himalaya, India by 839
Aasif Mohmad Lone1, Rayees Ahmad Shah, Hema Achyuthan, Sathish J. Sangode, Savitribai Phule, Pankaj
Kumar, Sundeep Chopra.
JKSC-1012 Stable Isotope (18O and 2H) Variations in Precipitation and their Relationship with Meteorological Conditions 841
in Upper Indus Basin, Ladakh by Suhail Ahmad Lone, Gh Jeelani.
JKSC-1022 Mapping Horticulture Lands in Kashmir Valley Using High Resolution Satellite Data by Mir Firdosa Yousf, 833
Shakil A Romshoo, Sadaf Altaf.
JKSC-1043 Geochemical Characteristics of Dras Mafic Volcanics Along Indus Suture Zone North Western Ladakh 844
Himalaya, India by Irfan Maqbool Bhat, Talat Ahmad, D. V. Subba Rao.
JKSC-1079 Climatic and Extreme Weather Variations Over Jammu and Kashmir, India by Sumira Nazir Zaz, Shakil 845
Ahmad Romshoo, T. K. Ramkumar, V.Yesu Babu.
JKSC-1080 Geochemical Signature of Host Rock of Sapphire Bearing Pegmatites, Paddar Area, Kishtwar, Jammu And 846
Kashmir by Pawan Singh, Pankaj Kumar Srivastava.
JKSC-1097 Mass Balance Studies of the Hoksar Glacier in Kashmir Himalayas by Khalid Omar Murtaza , Shakil A 834
Romshoo.
JKSC-1106 Multi-Model Comparison of Temperature and Precipitation from Global Circulation Models (GCMs) over 847
Jammu & Kashmir State by Jasia Bashir, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1110 Hydrochemical Assessment of Snowpacks and Glacial Melt in Liddar Watershed, Western Himalaya, India 830
by Altaf Lone, Gh. Jeelani.
JKSC-1137 Impact of Receding Glaciers on Stream Flows Under Changing Climate in Kashmir Himalaya by Asif Aziz 831
Marazi, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-1146 Flood Vulnerability Assessment in Upper Jhelum Basin using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model by Sadaff Altaf 824
Bakshi, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-1183 Surface and Subsurface Characterization of Landslide Using Geological Observations and Ground Penetrating 842
Radar Survey: A Case Study of Udhampur District of Jammu and Kashmir by Suhail Ahsan Ul Haq, Yudhbir
Singh, Ghulam M. Bhat, Sundeep. K. Pandita, Arjun Singh, Rameshwar.
JKSC-1197 Geotechnical and Structural Evaluation of Baglihar Hydro Power Project Stage-II by Romesh Kumar, Ahsan 848
Ul Haq, Yudhbir.Singh, Ghulam M, Bhat, Arjun Sing, Rameshwar Sangra.
JKSC-1225 Assessing the Distribution of Trace Elements in Dal Lake Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis by 821
Mohammad Saleem, Gh Jeelani.
JKSC-1228 Geomorphological Mapping and Morphometric Analysis of Rambiara Watershed in Kashmir Himalaya using 826
Geomatics by Javid Jamal, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-1252 Long-term Observations of Black Carbon and the Influence of Horticulture Growth in Kashmir valley by 832
Sumaira Lateeef, Shakil A. Romshoo, Mudasir Ahmad.

xxix
 JKSC-1300 Characterization of Rock and Slope Along Bhadarwah-Sarthal Highway Road by Arjun Singh, Yudhbir Singh, 822
Ghulam M. Bhat, Sundeep K. Pandita, Gulzar Hussain, Ahsan Ul Haq, Rameshwar.
JKSC-1376 Glacier Velocity Estimation to Understand the Impacts of Debris Cover on Glacier Dynamics in Kashmir 829
Himalayas by Iram Ali, Shakil A. Romshoo, Aparna Shukla.
JKSC-1510 Geochemistry of Mafic Dykes of Tirit granitoids of Shyok Suture Zone (SSZ), Nubra-Valley, Ladakh 825
Himalaya, India by Rakesh Chandra, Nazia Kowser.
JKSC-1680 Lithofaceies Characteristics and Heavy Mineral Analysis of Barail Group of Rocks in Parts of Cachar Thrust- 827
Fold Belt, Assam, Northeast India by Meghali Baruah, N. Pandey.
JKSC-1684 Lithofacies and Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Bhuban Formation (Surma Group) Rengtakawn, Kolasib 849
District, Mizoram, North East India by Sujata Das, N. Pandey.

Environmental Sciences
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-297 Phenological Characters of Major Grass Species of Pasture- Lands of Dachigam National Park, (Kashmir), 884
India by Rabiya Lone, G A Bhat Bhat.
JKSC-326 An Assessment of Nutrient Removal by Salvinia natans Under in situ and Ex Situ Conditions by Adnan 854
Abubakr, Masood-Ul-Hassan Balkhi.
JKSC-329 Temporal Dynamics of Periphytic Algae of River Marsudar, Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir by Inam Sabha, 903
Sami Ullah Bhat, Aadil Hamid, Sheikh Tajamul, Aftab Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-394 Inula racemosa: Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant of Kashmir Himalaya by Saima Hamid, Azra N. 877
Kamili, Mohammad Yaseen Mir, Sumira Tyub.
JKSC-408 Groundwater Quality Scenario Evaluation Using Graphical Classification Methodologies by J Ravi Kiran1, 872
S.R. Kumar.
JKSC-458 Phytophilous Macroinvertebrate Community of Nigeen Lake by Shazia Habib, A R.Yousuf. 885
JKSC-468 Carbon Dioxide Load and Extent of Green Spaces in Srinagar (J&K) by Moonisa Aslam Dervash, F. A. Lone, 865
Akhlaq Amin Wani, Rouf Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-490 Kashmir’s Green Heritage and its Conservation by Syed Iliyas Rizvi. 879
JKSC-561 Aquatic Insects as Bio-Indicators of River Sindh and its Tributaries, Kashmir Valley by Tajamul Islam Sheikh, 855
Sami Ullah Bhat, Aftab Ahmad Bhat, Adil Hamid Sofi, Mohd Sharjeel Sofi, Inam Sabha.
JKSC-624 Macrophytes as a Biofertilizer; A Sustainable Approach for Agricultural Productivity by Rouf Ahmad Bhat, 881
Gowhar Hamid Dar, Nighat Mushtaq, Humaira Qadri, Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood, Moonisa Aslam
Dervash.
JKSC-654 Non-Wood Floral Biodiversity in Kashmir Valley for Paper Making to Combat Negative Impact on Forest 883
Resources by Sartaj Ahmad Ganie, Shoukat Ara, Saakshy Agarwal, Mohamad Aneesul Mehmood.
JKSC-675 Water Quality Characterstics of Marsudar River, Kishtwar by Umara Qayoom, Sami Ullah Bhat, Aftab Ahmad 894
Bhat, Adil Hamid.
JKSC-701 Management of Waste Paper Through Mushroom Cultivation by Sabiha Javeed Wani, N Sunitha. 882
JKSC-703 Bathymetric and Hydrological Characterization of a Dal Lake by Maheen Javaid Khan, Aftab Ahmad Bhat. 863
JKSC-726 Avenues of Ecotourism in Lolab Valley Jammu and Kashmir by Lone Rafiya Majeed, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, 861
Masrat Nabi.
JKSC-809 Air Pollution: Emerging Threat to Himalayan Diversity by Syed Sana Mehraj, Azra N. Kamili, Ruqeya Nazir, 853
G.A.Bhat, Henah Mehraj Balkhi.
JKSC-813 Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Srinagar City, Jammu & Kashmir by Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid 856
Jehangir, G. A. Bhat.
JKSC-817 Isolation and Identification of Psychrophyllic Bacteria from Landfill Leachate Under Temperate Conditions 878
of Kashmir Himalaya by Basharat Hamid, Arshid Jehangir, Zahhor Ahmad Baba.
JKSC-836 Potential of Vermiremediation Against Metal Contamination- A Review by Rasy Fayaz Choh, Ibraq Khurshid, 862
Fayaz Ahmad.
JKSC-895 Spatial Variation in Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Nigeen Lake, Srinagar, J&K by Shahid Ahmad 890
Ganiee, Nazima Rashid Shah, Sami Ullah Bhat.
JKSC-903 Environmental Impact of Cement Dust Pollution on Uptake and Bio-accumulation of Toxic Heavy Metals in 870
Some Commonly Growing Vegetable Crops of Kashmir Himalayas by Rayees Ahmad Magray, Musharaf Gul,
M. A. Khan, F. A. Lone.
JKSC-959 Phytoremediation Potential of Selected Macrophytes in Anchar Lake of Kashmir by Irfana Showqi, F.A. Lone. 886
JKSC-977 Biochemical Parameters of Azolla and Water Parameters Reflecting Trophic Status of Dal-Lake, Kashmir by 864
Sabreena, Bashir A Ganai.
JKSC-1003 Diet-Mediated Effect of the Roadside Generated Heavy Metal Pollution on the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in 868
Kashmir Valley by Faroz Ahmad Ahanger, Ruqeya Nazir, Irfan Illahi.
JKSC-1008 Review on Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health by Shah Ishfaq, Arshid Jehangir. 896

xxx
 JKSC-1037 Assessment of the Efficiency of Ceratophyllumdemersum as a Phytoremediation Agent by Azra Amin, Javeed 859
I. A. Bhat, Ishrat Bashir, Zubair A. Dar, Shafat Ahmad Mir.
JKSC-1101 Fresh Water Green Microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus and Scenedesmus quadricauda: Growth rate and 871
Biochemical Analysis by Javeed Ahmad Lone, Farooq Ahmad Lone, Mekhla Ratna Suseela.
JKSC-1103 Spatial and Temporal Variation of Physio-Chemical Parameters of the Wular Lake: A Preliminary Study by 889
Fahim Bashir, Shahid Ahmed Ganiee, Arif Bashir, Bashir Ahmed Ganai.
JKSC-1155 Eco-friendly Dyeing of Pashmina Using Juglans regia L. (fruit hull) and Salix alba L. (wood extract) by Syed 869
Maqbool Geelani, Shoukat Ara, S J A Bhat, Basharat Maqbool Wani.
JKSC-1178 Implementation of Sanitary Landfill for Municipal Solid Management in Urban Areas of Kashmir by Jasir 876
Mushtaq, Abdul Qayoom Dar.
JKSC-1179 Climate Change and Himalayan Flora and Fauna-Impact, Monitoring, Vulnerabilities and Adaptations by 866
Shamim Ahmed, Shamim Ahmed Banday Mussaraf Hussain Shah.
JKSC-1217 Impact of Brick Kiln Emissions on Human Health by Mohd Skinder Bhat, Bashir Ahmad Sheer Gojri, Ashok 873
Kumar Pandit, Bashir Ahmad Ganai
JKSC-1233 Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Forest Soil of Hirpora Shopian, Kashmir by Zubair Ahmad 858
Dar, Shafat Ahmad Mir, Humaira Qadri, Shamsul Haq, Azra Amin, Ishrat Bashir.
JKSC-1246 Detention Basin as Means for Mitigating the Impacts of Sediment and Particulate Phosphorus in Aquatic 867
Ecosystems by Muneer Wani, D.M Kumawat, Saba Ul Solim, Arshid Jehanger.
JKSC-1264 Status, Composition and Diversity of Birds of New University Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu and 892
Kashmir, India by Asha Sohil, Muzaffar A. Kichloo, Parmil Kumar.
JKSC-1306 Impact of Sulphur Emissions on Platanusorientalis and Soil Characteristics Around Srinagar City, Kashmir 875
Valley by Shameem Ahmad, Ghulam Nabi Najar.
JKSC-1314 Wild Edible Plants Resources of Nubra Valley, India by Stanzin Namtak, Ramesh C. Sharma. 895
JKSC-1316 Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Industrial Areas of Ghaziabad District (Uttar Pradesh), India by Siraj 857
Ahmad.
JKSC-1367 Tree Biomass Carbon Variation in Dachigam National Park, J&K, India by Moieza Ashraf, F. A. Lone, Akhlaq 893
Amin Wani, Naira Ashraf.
JKSC-1380 Role of Activated Carbon Prepared from Forest and Agriculture Wastes in Metal Ion Pollution: A Review by 888
Saba Masood Chesti, Shakeel Ahmad Shah, Muzaffar Ali Andrabi.
JKSC-1399 Impact of Storage Conditions on Anthocyanins, Carotenoids and Color Quality of Rubia cordifolia L. of 874
Kashmir Valley by Gazala Qazi, Shoukat Ara.
JKSC-1447 Living and Environmental Conditions Among the Slum Dwellers of Jammu City by Shehnaz Khan, Piyush 880
Malaviya.
JKSC-1460 Assessment of Water Quality of Two Springs of Kathua District, J&K by Megha Gupta. 860
JKSC-1515 Potential Cytogenetic Effects of Nuvan on Germ Cells of Brinjal (Solanummelongena cv. Local long) by 887
Aashiq Hussain Kuchy, Azra Nahid Kamili, Aijaz Ahmad Wani, Shahzada Arshid.
JKSC-1540 Species Composition and Density of Periphyton on Some Macrophyte Species in High Altitude Lake of 891
Kashmir Himalaya by Bilal Ahmad Beigh, Naveeda Ali, Fayaz, Ashok Kumar Pandit.
JKSC-1601 New Approaches to Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation by Aatifa Rasool, K.M.Bhat, Shafia Zargar. 897
JKSC-1609 Periphytonic Diversity in Relation to Water Quality of River Song in Doon Valley by Mohd Awas. 898
JKSC-1662 Effect of Altitude on Resource Allocation Pattern and Alkaloid Content in Valeriana Jatamansi Jones. 899
Vulnerable Medicinal Plant of Kashmir Himalaya by Sheema Zaffar, Azra N. Kamili, Irshaad A. Nawchoo,
Asma Zafar, Ieeba Khan, B. A. Ganai, Kulsum Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-1663 Green Advertising in India: A Study in Framing Techniques by Ieeba Khan, Asma Zafar, Sheema Zaffar. 900
JKSC-1677 Assessment of Water Quality Index and Irrigation Water Quality of Surface Water Around Major Vegetable 901
Belt of South Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India by Shamsul Haq, Shoukat Ara, Asma Absar Bhatti, Shafat
Ahmad Mir, Zubair Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-1678 Study of Physicochemical Characteristics and Sources of Pollution of Lake Mansar, Jammu, J&K by Sheetu 902
Dhar, Deepika Slathia, Assadullah Sheikh.
JKSC-1704 Comparative Study on Limnology of Two Lakes of Kashmir by TanveerH, Fayaz Ahmad, Mishra R. M., 904
Arnold R.

Geo-Informatics
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-210 Land Use/Land Cover Change in Upper Jhelum Basin: Geo-Informatics Approach by Taroob Bashir, Shakil 910
Ahmad Ramshoo, Inam sabha, Mustafa Majeed.
JKSC-324 A Substantiative Study of Air Pollution Levels in the City of Srinagar (J&K) Using LANDSAT Images by 911
Maroof Ahad, Sibtain Manzoor Hafiz, Aijaz Ahmad Badyari.
JKSC-346 Near Real-Time Precipitation Estimation by Synergistic Use of Multi-Satellite Data by Mohammd Rafiq, 923
Anoop Kumar Mishra.

xxxi
 JKSC-631 High Resolution Precipitation Estimates from Satellites and Evaluating their Potential for Flood Early 921
Warning Systems by Ajaz Ahmad Parray, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-668 Effect of Planetary Boundary Layer Dynamics and Ventilation Coefficient on Diurnal and Seasonal 918
Variability of Black Carbon at Srinagar City by Mudasir Ahmad Bhat, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-808 Indicators of Land Degradation in PirPanjal Himalaya, Kashmir Valley, India by Muzamil Amin, Shakil 922
Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-828 Forecasting of the September 2014 Heavy Rain Event over Kashmir, Using the Weather Research and 919
Forecasting (WRF) Model by Waheed Shah, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-918 Assessment of Traffic Congestion on Major Roads of Srinagar City: A GIS Based Approach by Shafat Rashid. 909
JKSC-999 Assessing the Proglacial Lake Changes and Associated Glacier Changes Over Zansksar Mountain Range 907
Using Earth Observation Data by Ulfat Majeed, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1005 Appropriateness of GRACE Data for Assessing the Mass Balance of Glaciers Across Hindu Kush Himalaya 913
by Sarish Mukhtar Shah, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1010 Recession of Glaciers in the Chenab Basin Using Remote Sensing Data (1989-2014) by Tajamul Islam, Shakil 925
Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-1077 Assessing Glacier Changes Over Greater Himalayan Mountain Range, Kashmir Himalaya from 1912-2016 912
by Misbah Raj , Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1092 Satellite Observed Glacier Dynamics Across Different Mountain Ranges in Kashmir Himalaya by Tariq 926
Abdullah, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1096 Opportunity Mapping Using Geospatial Techniques by Ain Us Saba, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Muzamil Amin. 924
JKSC-1099 Assessing the Alpine Vegetation Dynamics Over PirPanjal Mountain Range Using Earth Observation Data 915
and Geospatial Modelling by Mustafa Hameed Bhat, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1114 Assessing the Impact of Debris Cover on Glacier Changes in the Zanskar Himalaya by Basharath Nabi, Irfan 916
R , Shakil Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-1204 Assessing Glacier Dynamics Over Karakoram and Zanskar by Using ICESat & DEM by Shafat Rashi, Irfan 908
Rashid.
JKSC-1250 Assessing the Land System Changes in Bodsar Wetland Catchment Using Earth Observation Satellite Data 917
by Ovaid Javed Wani, Irfan Rashid.
JKSC-1308 Geodetic Mass Balance of Few Selected Glaciers Over Lidder Valley by Ubair Yaseen Shah, Irfan Rashid. 920
JKSC-1337 Assessing Land System Changes and its Causes in Lidder valley, Kashmir Himalaya by Nahida Ali , Shakil 914
Ahmad Romshoo.
JKSC-1604 Geo-Tagging of Assets and Electronic Fund Management System (e-FMS) Vis-à-vis Mahatma Gandhi 927
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) – Application, Achievements and Constraints
(A Study of Central and North Indian State) by Mohd Ashraf Mir.

Geography
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-233 High Altitude Drinking Water Quality and Disease Incidence Among Native Community of North Kashmir 937
Himalayas by Sameer Fayaz, G. M. Rather, M. Sultan Bhat.
JKSC-265 Variation of Body Mass Index (BMI) Among School Children (7-14 years) in Gujar Community of Greater 946
Kashmir Himalayas by G. M. Rather.
JKSC-453 Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Soil Erosion in Upper Catchment of Wular Lake, Jammu & Kashmir by 947
Fayma Mushtaq, Mili Ghosh Nee Lala, Abdul Wadood .
JKSC-579 Hydrological Characterization of Pohru Watershed to Changing Land Use/ Land Cover using SWAT Model 938
by Abaas Ahmad, Harmeet Singh, Parvaiz Ahmad, Parvaiz Ahmad Bhat.
JKSC-662 Spatial Distribution and Dynamics of Livestock Development in Western Himalayas of South Kashmir by 945
Tariq Ahmad Lone, Harmeet Singh Singh, Javeed Ahmad Rather.
JKSC-663 Productive and Economic Traits of Different Sheep Breeds: A Geographical Analysis in Pulwama District of 943
Jammu & Kashmir State by Rafiq Hussain Andrabi, Harmeet Singh, Pervez Ahmed.
JKSC-752 Health Related Issues of Horticulturist to the Exposure of Pesticides in Kashmir Valley-India by Manzoor 936
Ahmad Wani, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer.
JKSC-771 Drinking Water Quality in Central Kashmir: A Geo-Medical Analysis by Mohmad Imran Ganaie, Ishtiaq 944
Ahmad Mayer.
JKSC-781 Geographic Dimensions of Non-Communicable Diseases in Kashmir Valley-A District Level Analysis by 935
Bashir Ahmad Lone, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer.
JKSC-928 Vulnerability Assessment of Residential Housing in Srinagar City by Shanawaz Ahmad Baba. 948
JKSC-934 Problems of Agriculture Sector in Kandi Areas of Kashmir Valley by Tanveera Ahad Naik. 931
JKSC-1004 Algorithm for Mapping of Land Surface Temperature and Vegetation Cover Using LANDSAT 8 Satellite 949
Data by Javaid Ahmad Tali, Asima Nusrath.

xxxii
 JKSC-1218 Climate Change Adaptation in Lidder Valley Using Local Knowledge an Overview by Malik Munazah, 932
Maheen, Ishfaq Rasool Gujree.
JKSC-1283 Morbidity Pattern of Cardiovascular Diseases in Kashmir Valley- Inter District Analysis by Shabnum Rashid 942
Mir, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer.
JKSC-1374 Levels of Urbanization Among the Urban Centers of Kashmir Valley Using Composite Index by Zoya Kulsum 941
Naqashbandi, Mohammad Sultan Bhat.
JKSC-1395 Evaluation of Human Health Status in Srinagar City, Jammu and Kashmir State by Arshad Ahmad Lone, 933
Mushtaq A. Kumar, G. M. Rather, M. Sultan Bhat.
JKSC-1542 Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Multi-Criteria Evaluation Techniques in North Kashmir Himalayas 940
by Irshad Ahmad Bhat, Pervez Ahmed.
JKSC-1556 Dynamics of its Rural- Urban Fringe: A Case Study of Jammu City by Rakesh Jasrotia, Sarvjeet Singh, 939
Tajinder Kour.
JKSC-1621 A Geographical Study of Changing Land Use/Land Cover Profile of Lidder River Basin, Kashmir Himalaya 934
by S. Shakeel, T. A. Kanth.

Management and Information Science

Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-288 Green Technology: An Emerging Perspective for Sustainable Development by Owais Ahmed. 956
JKSC-332 Stock Splits: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work by Bilal Ahmad Pandow, Khurshid Ahmad Butt. 962
JKSC-520 Open Access Journals in Applied Science: A Global Perspective Towards Openness of Research by Irfan Ul
963
Haq Akhoon, Asifa Ali, Sumaira, Jabeen, Tajamul Hassan Mir, Shabir Ahmad Ganaie.
JKSC-592 Encouraging Rural Entrepreneurship in Kashmir Valley: Challenges and Opportunities by Haris Abrar
964
Kashmiri.
Sustainable Development Through Green Marketing: A Review by Iqbal Ahmed Hakim, Shabina Shafi Malik,
JKSC-874 953
Shazia Bashir Qureshi.
JKSC-878 Impact of Organizational Culture on Reengineering Success by Iqra Shafi Bhat. 959
Structural Equation Modelling of Emotional Maturity and Ways of Coping Among Health Professionals from
JKSC-1075 958
J&K State by Mohd Muzamil, Shawkat Ahmad Shah.
JKSC-1454 Bio-inspired Algorithm for Decision Making in Infrastructure Management by Hasnain Ali, Saqib Gulzar. 961
JKSC-1487 Open Data for Open Science: Challenges and Prospects by Adil Ahmad, Rafaqat Zehra. 954
JKSC-1505 Knowledge Management in Health Sector by Bilal Ahmad, Farooq Ahmad Khan. 960
Enterprise Information Technology Governance: Insights from India Listed Companies by Showkat Ahmad
JKSC-1561 955
Busru, Pz. Mohammad Ovies, Adil Ganie.
Measuring the Scientific Output of University of Kashmir by Sumeer Gul, Tariq Ahmad Shah, Rosy Jan, Rabia
JKSC-1578 957
Shah, Sheikh Shueb, Huma Shafiq.

Science, History and Society

Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-198 Technology and Social Acceleration: Insights from Sociology of Speed by Suheel Rasool Mir Syeeda 971
Nousheen Fatima, Mansoor Ahmad Dar.
JKSC-228 Colonial Impact on Kashmir Ecology During Dogra Rule by Mohd Ashraf Wani. 967
JKSC-529 Information Seeking Behavior of Science Faculty at University of Kashmir by Tajamul Hassan Mir, Irfan Ul 973
Akhoon, Sumaira, Jabeen, Asifa Ali , Shabir Ahmad Ganaie.
JKSC-637 Concept of Bio- diversity Conservation in Sanskrit Literature by Md Meraj Ahmad. 968
JKSC-768 Discovery of a Giant Stone Adze-head Near the Neolithic Site Burzahom Srinagar, Kashmir by Hamidullah 969
Wani.
JKSC-832 Evaluation of Impact of ICDS Programme with Special Focus on Women in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 970
by Shabana Khurshid Attar, Shazia Manzoor Khaki.
JKSC-1459 Society and Technological Change: A Sociological Overview by Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Javeed Ahmad. 974
JKSC-1492 Understanding the Scope of Social Engineering Towards Mitigating Substance Abuse Amongst Kashmiri 972
Youth by Sheikh Irfan Ul Islam, Adil Ahmad.

Social, Economic, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Science

Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author names Page No
JKSC-191 Impact of Science and Technology in Legal Jurisprudence by Mudassir Nazir, Tauseef Ahmad. 978

xxxiii
 JKSC-208 Understanding the Impact of Modern Technology on Society: A Case Study of Kashmir Society by Aarif
982
Hussain, Shabir Ahmad Najar, Bilal Ahmad Khan.
JKSC-226 Greening the Value Chain in Hospitality: A Case Study of ITC Hotels by Mudasir Raja, Shabir A. Bhat. 977
JKSC-308 Technology and Social Acceleration: Insights from Sociology of Speed by Suheel Rasool Mir, Syeeda
983
Nousheen Fatima, Mansoor Ahmad.
JKSC-432 Teenagers and Social Networking Sites: An Organized Study on the Impacts of Social Networking Sites on
981
Teenagers by Sumiya Din, Nisar Ahmad Wani.
JKSC-433 New Media Technologies and their Impact on Family Life by Aimon Khan, Sumiya Din. 985
JKSC-434 Technology and Crime Implications on Society by Nisar Ahmad Wani, Aimon Khan. 980
JKSC-438 Understanding the Impact of Emerging Technology on Human Rights by Afnan Tariq Khan, Hilal Ahmad
984
Tantry.
JKSC-602 Technology and Humanity: A Present Scenario of Jammu & Kashmir by Zahoor Ahmad Rather. 986
JKSC-1020 Teens and their Social Media Negotiations: A Case Study of Teenagers of Srinagar by Sabeha Mufti, Nazia
987
Akhtar.
JKSC-1474 Development Via Applicability of Scientific Innovations in the Lifestyle of the People of the Backward Areas
988
of Jammu and Kashmir by Rubeena Ali Bhat, Iram Imtiyaz, Sheikh Idrees Mujtaba.
JKSC-1476 Old Aged in the Age of Digitalization: Issues and Conclusions by Shahzada Saleem Wani. 979
JKSC-1537 Understanding “Risk Society” of New Modernity: A Curious Case of Genetically Modified Crops by Javaid
989
Rashid.
JKSC-1698 Prevention and Control of Light Pollution: International and National Legal Perspectives by Iftikhar Hussain
990
Bhat.
JKSC-1706 Core Constituents of the Educational System of Schedule Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir by Sofiya Hassan. 991

Other Areas
Abstract ID Abstract Title and Author Names Page No
JKSC-203 Social Support, Self-Esteem, Quality of Life and Suicidal Ideation among HIV/AIDS Patients in Jammu and 1001
Kashmir by Mohammad Amin Wani.
JKSC-218 Addiction to Self-Masturbation, Causes and Prevention Measures: A Case Study by Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat. 1002
JKSC-325 Psychometric Properties of Child Abuse Questionnaire by Rakshanda Ahad, Shawkat Ahmad Shah. 1013
JKSC-352 Prey Preferences of Leopard (Panthera pardus) in Dachigam National Park by Kulsum Ahmad Bhat, Naziya 997
Khurshid, Muniza Manzoor.
JKSC-371 Role of IEC in HIV/AIDS in Prevention and Control by Sabah Jan Wani, Shazia Manzoor Wani. 1003
JKSC-515 Health Service System Issues in TB Control and Access to Healthcare in Armed Conflict Areas by Yasir 1005
Hamid Bhat.
JKSC-523 Role of Technology in Alleviating the Sufferings of People Living in Border Areas by Sumeera Nazir Beigh, 1000
Shazia Manzoor.
JKSC-599 Technological Interventions for Preventing and Treating Substance Use Disorder in School, College and 1004
University Students by Mudasir Rasool Mir.
JKSC-690 Understanding the Role of Online Social Network Technologies in Promoting Health by Nasrullah Bhat, 1006
Aamir Gul Matoo.
JKSC-740 Language Choice and Language Use in Computer Mediated Communication: A Case Study of Kashmiri 995
Speakers by Mehnaz Rashid.
JKSC-766 Acquisition of Temporal Deixis Among Kashmiri Speaking Children in the Age Group of Two and Three 998
years by Shaila Bashir.
JKSC-943 Analyzing People's Knowledge and Attitudes towards Disease Affliction with Reference to Tuberculosis and 1007
Cancer in Kashmir by Rubeena Akhter, Saheel Hafiz Shah, Wakar Amin Zargar.
JKSC-1068 Psychometric Evaluation of Mental Health Inventory Developed by Davies, et al. (1998) by Zainab Qadri, 1008
Shawkat Ahmad Shah.
JKSC-1087 Personality Traits and Adherence to Medication in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus by Urooj Un Nisa. 1009
JKSC-1216 Understanding Personality: From the Perspective of an Indigenous Psychology by Eshrat Ara. 1010
JKSC-1263 Stigma and Help-Seeking Behavior: A Dilemma in Kashmir by Aehsan Ahmad Dar, Sibnath Deb. 1011
JKSC-1441 Migration, Slums and Development: India with Special Reference to J&K by Farah Farooq Shah. 996
JKSC-1449 Universal Health Coverage for Sustainable Healthcare by Sheikh Aftaab Ul Maroof. 1012
JKSC-1458 Palatography Method for Investigating the Place of Articulation of Coronal Sound [th] of Kashmir Language 999
by Zargar Adil Ahmad , Younis Rashid Dar, Deeba Aazfa.

xxxiv
Agricultural Sciences
2
A Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of
miRNA related SSRs (miRNA-SSRs) for Heat Tolerance in
Wheat and Diversity Analysis for Heat Tolerance miRNA
Genes in Wheat
Raheel Shafeeq Khan£, Sandhya Tyagi, Asma Hamid Mir, M. Anwar Khan, Mohd
Ashraf Bhat, Reyazul Rouf Mir
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SKUAST, Wadura, Sopore, India.
JKSC-948

Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and is a global staple food. Some
stresses including both biotic and abiotic stress majorly affect the production of wheat worldwide. The main effect of
Global warming is increasing the temperature causing heat stress. Nowadays, terminal heat stress is a significant
abiotic stress constraint to successful wheat (Triticum aestivum L) production worldwide and is regulated by different
molecular mechanisms. During the last two decades, RNAi technology has evolved as an essential tool of genetic
engineering and functional genomics aimed towards crop improvement. The phenomenon of RNAi involves small
non-coding RNAs called small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) that are the cleavage products of
double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene expression under various biotic as
well as abiotic stresses is well known. Molecular markers, especially co-dominant markers such as simple sequence
repeats (SSRs), play an essential role in the marker-assisted breeding of wheat. Although a large number of SSRs are
available, most of them are either from protein-coding regions or un-translated regions of the wheat genome. SSRs
from non-coding regions of the wheat genome has not been fully exploited since the discovery of SSR markers from
non-coding regions has been a challenge. The development of novel markers from the conserved regions of different
genomes will thus be useful for studying the genetic diversity of closely related species or self-pollinated species. As
par our knowledge no report is available on the development of miRNA-SSRs in wheat. Therefore, this will be the first
attempt for genome-wide identification and characterization of miRNA-SSRs for heat tolerance in wheat.
Identification of heat responsive miRNA gene-based SSRs (miRNA-SSRs) can be used in marker-aided selection (MAS)
programme for heat tolerance in wheat in comparison to genome-based SSR markers that will be entirely novel
approach for crop improvement. Further, evolutionarily, miRNAs are highly conserved, and hence miRNA-SSRs can
reveal more diversity in comparison to already existing markers among closely related genotypes or self-pollinated
plant species. The present study will represent an extensive identification of heat responsive miRNA gene-based SSRs
(miRNA-SSRs) that can distinguish more efficiently the heat tolerant and heat susceptible lines in comparison to
genome-based SSR markers. miRNA are non-coding RNA which are highly conserved and regulate gene expression.
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are robust molecular markers for studying genetic diversity.

Keywords: miRNAs, miRNA-SSRs, Wheat, Heat, Diversity Analysis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906662333.
E-mail Address: rahil1918@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

3
Advances in Rootstock Development of Apple
Nazir Ahmad Ganai£1, Tahir Saleem Shah2, Zahoor Ahmed Rather3
1
Division of Horticulture , FOA ,Wadura, SKUAST, Kashmir, India.
2, 3
KVK Kupwara, SKUAST, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1033

Abstract

Apples are conventionally propagated by seeds, but the resultant off springs are variable and as such the
economic need to perpetuate desirable features has led to the use of vegetative propagation. The modern
apple tree is a highly developed plant embodying among other things varietal fruit characteristics,
precocity and size control. The desired range of characters does not occur in a single plant and has been
achieved by growing a composite plant comprising a scion cultivar grafted over rootstock. Over the last
five decades the use of rootstocks encountered some problems like lack of winter hardiness, lack of
resistance to root and, collar rot, susceptibility to fire blight, poor anchorage etc. Therefore, it is apparent
that new improved rootstocks developed through breeding programmes are likely to become future
commercial rootstocks with desirable characteristics. Efforts to develop improved apple rootstocks
through breeding have been done in United Kingdom (M, MM and AR series): Germany (J9 and Pillinitzer
series) Sweden (Alnarp, Bemali and Bemali series): Russia (Budagovsky series): Poland (P series) & Israel
(MH Series). In Russia the Michurian College of Horticulture introduced Budagovsky series with improved
cold hardiness. The most widely grown rootstock from Budagovsky series is B9. Other rootstocks include
B491, B146, B469, and B118.The Polish programme was initiated in 1954 at Research Institute of Pomology
and Floriculture, Skierniewice with improved cold hardiness. In Canada the programme to develop
rootstocks at Horticulture Research Institute of Ontario, Vineland resulted in development of V1and V3
as promising rootstocks. In Germany Supporter1, Supporter 2, Supporter3& Supporter 4 rootstocks were
released. Breeding programme at Japan Morioka have developed ten rootstocks. The most promising
clones reported are JM1, JM2, JM5, JM7 & JM8. In UK rootstocks developed at East Malling Research
Station comprise of M2, M9, M7, M16, M27 while at rootstocks released by East Malling Research Station
in collaboration with John Innes Institute Merton include MM106, MM109 & MM111.

Keywords: Rootstock, Breeding, Clone, Propagation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419955635.
E-mail Address: drnazirpom@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

4
Agriculture and Climate Variability: Role of Agriculture
Insurance in Risk Management
Rubeenah Akhter£
School of Economics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India.
JKSC-1060

Abstract

Agriculture is the backbone and engine of Indian economy. It plays important role in the welfare of Indian
economy nearly 70 per cent of population are engaged in agricultural pursuits particularly in rural areas.
Agriculture being one of the most important supporters of Indian economy (as directly or indirectly
supports nearly 70 per cent population) is vulnerable to climate change because of having inherently
sensitive to climate change. Climate change has direct impact on agriculture. Being the global issue, it can
reduce agriculture income. Climate change affects the balance of natural eco-systems and socio-
economic-systems. Minimizing the susceptibility of climate change requires various strategies to
discourse the financial consequences of risks which are going to impact the agriculture. Among all
strategies crop insurance may contribute to climate change adaptation strategies. It might be used as a
mechanism to incentivize farmers facing climate change to adapt risk reducing strategies. Agriculture
insurance program is unique and is part of a comprehensive agricultural risk management framework. It
can contribute to the modernization of agriculture. While designing and implementing agriculture
insurance, several key features emerge that government should consider. It should be promoted only
when basic agricultural services are in place such as availability of inputs, extension services, marketing
channels etc. The traditional farming sector may not be geared towards commercial insurance, because it
requires highly technical expertise; Governments may, therefore, need to consider alternative support
mechanisms, in the form of social safety-net schemes. Such strategies may make agriculture an active
contributor towards climate change and also towards welfare economy.

Keywords: Agriculture, Climate Change, Vulnerable, Susceptible, Insurance. Strategy Ootstock, Breeding, Clone,
Propagation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889422173.
E-mail Address: economicsruby@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

5
Alleviation of Agrometeorological Risks for Agro-
Entrepreneurs: A study of Jammu and Kashmir
Shakir Hussain Parrey£, Iqbal Ahmad Hakeem, Ahmed Tauqeer Zahid
Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1400

Abstract

Agriculture production is a dicey activity keeping in view the number of uncontrollable variables that have
a role in it. In the past decade, adverse climate change has exposed farmers globally to more risk. The
uncertainty in weather has caused people to reduce their agro-entrepreneurial activities. There are
government interventions both at national and international levels through various policy decisions but
farmer today is more apprehensive to pursue agriculture and related activities due to various risks.
Successful agro entrepreneurs use various risk mitigating strategies to succeed in their ventures. This
review paper attempts to analyze the role of technologies that can help farmers in reducing their exposure
to various types of climate extremities. Secondary data has been used to identify the various
agrometeorological risks that are faced by agro-entrepreneurs. A comparative method was used to identify
the strategies for agro-entrepreneurs. The study identifies production, market, personal, social, financial,
political and institutional factors that contribute to the agro entrepreneurs risk in Jammu and Kashmir.
The study identifies and suggests certain niche strategies for Jammu and Kashmir geographic region to
mitigate the impact of identified risks faced by agro-entrepreneurs. Creating technology and
agrometeorological services awareness among agro entrepreneur has a crucial role in the adoption of risk
mitigation strategies for risk alleviation.

Keywords: Agrometeorological Risks, Agro Entrepreneur, Risk Management, Risk Strategies and Risk Mitigation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797145856.
E-mail Address: shakirparray@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

6
Application of Parametric Techniques to Analyze the Trend of
Tea Export from India
Bhagyashree Dhekale£1, P. K. Sahu2, P. Mishra3, Nageena Nazir4
1,4
Division of Agricultural Statistics, SKUAST Kashimr, Shalimar, India.
2
Division of Agricultural Statistics, BCKV, Mohanpur, India.
3
Division of Agricultural Statistics, JNKVV, Jabalpur, India.
JKSC-1182

Abstract

Tea (Camellia sinensis) serves as the most important and popular drink for two-thirds of world’s
population not only because of its attractive aroma and taste, but also because of its many pharmacological
qualities, like suppressing tumor cell growth, reducing cardiovascular diseases, anti-obesity and decrease
the risk of atherosclerosi. Tea has occupied an important place in Indian economy for the last several
decades. India is the largest tea producing country in the world and tea contributes 1% of the GDP of the
country. It is also a substantial foreign exchange earner and provides sizeable amount of revenue to the
State and Central Exchequer. India is the fourth largest exporter of tea in the world with major export
destinations as Russia, UAE, United Kingdom and Poland. Tea export (quantity and value) data from 1975-
2011 from north India (Assam, West Bengal, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram Nagaland,
Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar), south India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka) and
India has been analyzed using parametric techniques. To work out the trends in export quantity and value
different parametric model like polynomial, logarithmic, compound, growth, and exponential models
were attempted. Quantity of export from north and south India pursued cubic trend model while India
followed quadratic model. All series of export quantity followed polynomial model, indicating more than
one point of inflection. In trend model of quantity of export from north India has shown declining trend,
values of and were calculated as positive which indicate that export has increased during early period and
in recent past but negative value of revealed a decrease in export in middle part of study. Export value of
south India and India export has followed exponential trend indicating exponential growth. In trend
model of both series, positive value of revealed that export value has been increased over the years.

Keywords: Parametric Models, Trend, Tea.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006452505.
E-mail Address: bhagyashreedhekale@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

7
Biochemical Parameters of Goats under Different
Managemental Interventions During Winter in Kashmir
Valley
Sehrish Shafiq Butwani£, Raoof Ahmad Patoo, Aliya Fayaz
LPM division, SKUAST-K , India.
JKSC-1242

Abstract

A study was conducted on post-parturient does during winter period at Mountain Research Centre for
Sheep and Goat, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical
parameters of post-parturient goats under different managemental interventions during winter season.
Thirty healthy post-parturient goats were randomly divided into 5 groups having six animals each. G1
(control), G2, G3 and G4 treatment groups were kept inside the conventional shed while as G5 treatment
group was kept in open shed. Among the inside groups, two of the groups i.e. G1 and G3 were provided
with slatted flooring while the other two groups i.e. G2 and G4 were provided with straw bedding of 5 cm
on alternate days. Supplementation of concentrate @100 g/head/day were given in addition to a normal
ration in two groups of animals i.e. G3 and G4. Daily meteorological parameters like minimum and
maximum temperature as well as relative humidity were recorded. Plasma glucose, total protein,
cholesterol, triglycerides and T3, T4 hormone concentration was measured in the blood samples taken at
the start and end of the trial. Environmental temperature in conventional shed was higher than that in
open shed and RH was higher in open shed as compared to the conventional shed throughout the trial
period. Values of blood glucose (70.40 ± 1.15 mg/dl) increased (P < 0.05), whereas plasma total protein
(5.80±0.13g/dl) and triglycerides (22.80±1.00 mg/dl) decreased (P < 0.05) in G5 animals as compared to
G2, G3, and G4 animals at the end of trial. No significant difference was observed between G1 and G5
animals. Cholesterol level showed no significant difference between the groups.

Keywords: Cold, Post-Parturient, Biochemical.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491897022.
E-mail Address: sehrishshafiq02@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

8
Biological Potency of Certain Plant Extracts in the
Management of Mythimna Separata Walker (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae)
Gousul Nisa Sheikh£, Insha Yousuf Mir, Abdul Ahad Buhroo
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-544

Abstract

The insect pests have built up resistance to a variety of insecticides due to the haphazard employment of
chemical pesticides. Insecticides affect the non- target organisms and human beings, directly or indirectly.
Plant materials are effectual against a variety of agricultural insect pests as they are easily degradable. This
is advantageous for both the environment and agriculture product consumers. In the milieu of recent
stimulation of interest in developing plant based insecticides, the current experiment was conducted to
assess the effect of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants growing abundantly in
Kashmir valley on the toxicity and feeding performance of 3rd larval instar of Mythimna separata under
laboratory conditions. The antifeedant and toxic effects was observed after 24 and 96 hours respectively.
All tested solutions exhibited low to high antifeedant and larvicidal activities against the larvae when
spread on the leaf discs. The ethanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia exhibited highest antifeedant and
larvicidal activity of 63.25% & 72.50% at 5.0% concentration respectively. Whereas, least antifeedant and
larvicidal activity of 9.23% & 7.50% was observed in aqueous extracts of Berberis lycium at 0.5%
concentration respectively. There was a corresponding increase in activity with the increase in
concentration of the test extracts. Furthermore, the acquired results make available new data on the
bioactivity of five different plant species against M. separata. The current study would be advantageous in
promoting research, intending at the development of novel means for pest control based on bioactive
chemical compounds from aboriginal plant sources.

Keywords: Aqueous Extracts, Chemical Pesticides, Environment, Ethanol Extracts, Feeding Performance, Medicinal
Plants, Mythimna Separata, Toxic Effects.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622782108.
E-mail Address: gousulnisa98@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

9
Chemical Scavengers and Microalgae Mediated Methane
Enrichment in Biogas
Fayaz Ahmad Malla£
Department of Environmental Sciences, Govt. Degree College Bagi Dilawar Khan, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-232

Abstract

Biogas contains about 555% CH4, 3045% CO2, traces H2S and fractions of water vapour. Pure methane
has a calorific value of 10.58 kWh/Nm3 at 15.5°C and 1 atm and the calorific value of biogas varies from
5.58 to 8.02 kWh/Nm3. Though biogas treatment for methane enrichment has been documented, yet
there is incomplete scientific information in the study to monitor the various possible ways to enrich
biogas for increasing its heating value to the extent its use in various sectors to curb the rising problem of
global warming. Hence, the present investigation was primarily aimed at evaluating various possible
chemicals (organic and inorganic bases) and microalgae (Chlorella minutissima) for potential in reducing
the CO2 content in biogas and enriching the treated biogas with CH4. The biogas was analyzed for CO2
and CH4 content before and after treatment with chemicals and C. minutissima. It has been found in the
study that the treated biogas showed a significant reduction in CO2 and increase in CH4 content. In
chemical treatment, CO2 was removed up to 94% and in the case of C. minutissima, CO2 was removed
up to 75.7% from biogas. From all the chemicals (KOH, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, MEA, PEG, NH4OH, EDTA)
used, MEA performed best regarding CO2 reduction capacity, regeneration capacity, and price. The cost
of chemical treatment of biogas was evaluated around Rs 7.2/L of biogas treated. In the case of microalgal
treatment of biogas, the light intensity of 1296 μmol m-2 s-1 with a gas flow rate of 0.33 vvm performed
best. The cost of microalgal treatment of biogas was evaluated around Rs 0.78/L of biogas treated. The
calorific value was also found to be increased to 8.15 - 9.79 kWh/Nm3 from 6.55 kWh/Nm3. Hence keeping
in view the cost of treatment of biogas in this study by various chemical and microalgae, the C.
minutissima performed best and can be used in situ for biogas methane enrichment. Inferring from the
study it could be safely said that the use of C. minutissima for treatment of biogas can help in reducing
greenhouse gas emission by reducing CO2 and at the same time the microalgal biomass is produced,
which can be utilized in number of ways like anaerobic digestion, compost, nutrients, feed, fuels,
pharmaceuticals etc.

Keywords: Biogas, Methane, Carbon dioxide, Microalgae.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8800878019.
E-mail Address: nami.fayaz@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

10
Chemoprofiling of an Underutilized Herb, Portulaca Oleracea
from Kashmir for Potential Bioactive Constituents Linked to
their Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity
Omi Laila£, Imtiyaz Murtaza
Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-632

Abstract

Portulaca oleracea is an underutilized vegetable in the Kashmir Himalayas. Although, the crop is
traditionally believed to be highly nutritional and quite health beneficial, however, only a scant literature
has been documented till date. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation is to profile different
Portulaca oleracea ecotypes for their metabolites (in terms of nutrients and phytochemicals), bioactivities
and interrelate their presence with the antidiabetic potential of this crop so as to recommend it as a low
cost and sustainable antidiabetic medicine. Portulaca oleracea ecotypes were collected from different
districts of Kashmir region and subjected to their metabolite profiling through standardised protocols
using HPLC, GC-MS, UV-Vis and other spectroscopic techniques. In the current investigation, it was
observed that the Portulaca oleracea ecotypes found in Kashmir region are quite nutritious and a rich
source of minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, S, P), phytochemicals (kaemferol, sitosterol, quercetin),
essential amino acids (Arg, Leu, Phe, Lys, Val), vitamins (riboflavin, folic acid, ascorbic acid) and
unsaturated fatty acids. Further, these Portulaca oleracea ecotypes exhibit a much higher phenolic linked
antioxidant as well as potent antihyperglycemic activities (via inhibiting the key enzymes of carbohydrate
metabolism (including α- amylase, α-glucosidase and invertase) under in vitro conditions with a
significant positive correlation with their metabolite content, thereby, creating a valuable approach for
amelioration of diabetes to a greater extent. The present study reveals a clear interrelationship between
the metabolite profile and the in vitro antidiabetic potential of Portulaca oleracea ecotypes. however,
warrants further research for their use as an economical antidiabetic agent.

Keywords: Diabetes, Antioxidant, Portulaca oleracea , Underutilised.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797746714.
E-mail address: omilailabiotech2007@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

11
Climate Change Impact on Different Rice Cultivars at
Different Locations of Kashmir Valley
Shabana Tabasum£, Kanwal Nain Singh
Department of Agronomy SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-200

Abstract

Agriculture is the major land use across the globe. Agriculture production is highly dependent on climate
since crop growth is influenced by solar radiation, temperature and precipitation. To assess the impact of
climate change on productivity of rice, a simulation study was carried out using CERES-rice model
embedded in DSSAT (V 4.5) (Jones et al, 2003, 2004) to evaluate the potential consequences of climate
change on the four different cultivars of rice i.e. Shalimar- rice 1, Jhelum, SKAU-341 and SKAU-382 in
terms of yield in different locations (Kokernag, Kupwara, Srinagar, Badgam and Anantnag) of Kashmir
valley .The climatic scenario for 2011-2090 under A1B was extracted from a PRECIS run obtained from
IITM (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune) which showed that in the year 2040 the maximum
temperature will increase by 2 oC, minimum temperature by 2.3oC, CO2 concentration by 80 ppm and
the projected precipitation is likely to decreases by 90 mm. It was observed that with the increase of 2oC
temperature as estimated by 2040 it was expected an overall decrease of rice yield by 0.7% at all the
locations. An estimated increase in minimum temperature by 2.3oC also simulated decrease of yield by
0.55% across different locations. Increase of CO2 by 80 ppm as estimated by 2040 recorded increase in the
yield at Kokernag, Kupwara, Srinagar, Budgam and Anantnag by 6.4, 5.08, 3.78, 4.05 and 0.5% respectively.
Precipitation with estimated decrease of 90 mm of rainfall by 2040 recorded huge decrease in yield at all
locations however decrease in yield at Kukernag was less as compared to other locations. On an average
decrease across the locations was 38.4%. The cultivar SKAU-341 and Shalimar rice-1 were found more
sensitive to climate change as compared to Jhelum and SKAU -382. This is because of the reason that
SKAU-341 and Shalimar rice-1 are long duration cultivars compared to Jhelum and SKAU-382. Simulated
yield of different varieties ((Shalimar rice-1, Jhelum, SKAU-341 and SKAU-382) tested at different locations
indicated that there was an overall decrease in rice yield with regard to different varieties.

Keywords: Climate Change, CERES-Rice Model,Simulation, Yield.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803429542.
E-mail Address: shabana.tbsm@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

12
Comparative Efficacy of Three Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Against Pieris brassicae
Tarique Hassan Askary£, M. Jamal Ahmad
Division of Entomology, SKUAST-K, Main Campus, Shalimar, Srinagar, India
JKSC-307

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes viz., Heterorhabditis pakistanensis, H. bacteriophora and Steinernema

carpocapsae obtained from National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bengaluru were
evaluated in laboratory against the larvae of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae. The third stage juveniles
also called infective juveniles (IJs) of each species of entomopathogenic nematode was tested at four
different concentrations i.e. @ 50, 100, 150 and 200 against 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th stage larva of P. brassicae.
It was observed that the increase in nematode concentration consumed less time in causing 100% larval
mortality. 200 IJs was found to cause larval mortality within 24-48 hrs. However, the time taken by the
nematode progeny to emerge from the insect cadaver varied with the nematode species and also with the
inoculum level. 50 IJs/ larva were found best in terms of yield of nematode/ cadaver. Among the three
nematode species used in the study, H. pakistanensis performed best followed by S. carpocapsae and H.
bacteriophora in terms of time consumed in larval mortality and yield of nematode/ cadaver. H.
pakistanensis at inoculum level of 200 IJs caused 100% mortality of 1st and 2nd stage larvae of P. brassicae
at 24 hrs while for 3rd and 4th stage larvae it took 48 hours. However, at the same inoculum level, S.
carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora caused 100% mortality to 1st stage larvae in 48 hours, 2nd and 3rd stage
larvae in 72 hours but for 4th stage larvae, time taken by S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora were 96 and
120 hours, respectively. Maximum IJs/ cadaver were harvested from 4th stage larva and minimum from 1st
stage larva. At inoculum level of 50 IJs/ 1st stage larva, H. pakistanensis produced 37,440 IJs followed by S.
carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora producing 28,800 and 23,760 IJs/ cadaver, respectively. At inoculum
level of 50 IJs/ 4th stage larva, H. pakistanensis produced 2,38,409 IJs followed by S. carpocapsae and H.
bacteriophora producing 1,65,210 and 1,44,880 IJs/ cadaver, respectively.

Keywords: Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, Pieris brassicae, IJs, Larva.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419409424.
E-mail Address: tariq_askary@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

13
Comparative Evaluation of Different Locally Available
Mounting Materials for their Suitability under Temperate
Conditions of Kashmir
Haroon Rashid Ahmad£, Gulzar Ahmad Khan, Mrinal Kanti Ghosh
Central Sericultural Research And Training Institute Pampore. Central Silk Board . Govt of India .
JKSC-1160

Abstract

The most important device that helps or supports the silkworm larvae for comfortable spinning of cocoons
is called mountage or cocoonage and the process of transferring the mature larvae is called mounting.
Even if the silkworm crop is healthy, wrong mounting methods, spinning conditions and bad type of
mounting material can result in inferior or poor quality cocoons and silk yarn leading to lower income to
farmers.
Under temperate conditions of Kashmir due to its salubrious climate which is congenial or conducive for
silkworm rearing still farmers lose about 20% of their cocoon crop every year during mounting due to use
of bad or faulty mounting materials. The reelability of cocoons also gets badly affected. For identification
of feasible/suitable locally available mounting material for quality cocoon production at farmer’s level, a
comprehensive study was carried out at Lolab area of District Kupwara lying in north of Kashmir through
REC Sub Unit Bandipora during the year 2015-2016, 2016-2017. During seriposition silkworms were
mounted in five different types of materials viz Indigofera shoots (indigofera heterantha), pinus shoot lets
(pinus spp.) Mustard hay (Brassica compestres), paddy grass (oryza sativa) and Mulberry twigs. During
the study the highest cocooning percentage (94.30%) was recorded when dried indigofera shoots were
used as mounting material followed by Pinus shoot let mounting material (93.50). Lowest cocooning
percentage (91.00%) was recorded in paddy grass mounting material. Lowest defected cocoon percentage
(5.10%) was recorded in Indigofera shoots, followed by Pinus shoot let mounting material (6.20%).
However, highest (10.0%) defected cocoon percentage was obtained in Paddy grass mounting material.
Reelability percentage was also recorded maximum (88.0%) in Indigofera shoot let mounting material
followed by Pinus shoot let and Mustard Grass mounting material (86.30 &85.0%) respectively. Thus in
the present study it is concluded that shoots of Indigofera heterantha followed by shoot lets of Pinus
spp.used as mounting materials for spinning of silkworm larvae have shown improvement in the cocoon
quality are recommended for hilly areas of Kashmir region.

Keywords: Silkworm, Bombyx mori L, Evaluation, Mounting Materials, Cocoon Quality,Temperate Conditions,
Kashmir Region.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006917150.
E-mail Address: rashidharoon1965@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

14
Cone, Seed and Germination Characteristics in Silver Fir
(Abies pindrow spach) Along the Altitudinal Gradient
Hiilal Ahmad Bhat£, Arshid.H. Mughal, Merajudin Dar
Faculty of Forestry Benhama Ganderbal SKUAST, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-333

Abstract

Silver fir, an important conifer species of Kashmir valley is adapted to diverse altitudinal conditions, and
was therefore taken as a model tree species for investigating altitudinal variation in cone and seed
characteristics and its germination behaviour. Mature cones of Silver fir (Abies pindrow) were collected
from phenotypically suprerior trees along the four altitudinal stratas viz. A1 (2,300 - 2,600 m), A2 (2,600-
2900 m), A3 (2,900-3,200 m) and A4 (above 3,200 m) in special forest division forest division Tangmarg of
Himalayan Kashmir during mid-Oct.The cone morphometric characteristic revealed significant variation.
The cone length oscillated between 10.40 (A4) and 11.05 cm (A3) whereas the cone diameter ranged
between 3.52 (A4) and 4.42 cm (A3). The fresh cone weight varied between 65.23 (A4) and 82.12 g (A3). At
this altitude, the seed lot characteristics at dispersal revealed maximum germination percent (39.50) and
germination value (4.67) whereas the mean germination time (MGT) was recorded as 21.9 days. The seed
weight/1000 seeds at this altitude was also maximum (87.18g). The maximum number of seeds was
recorded as 340/cone. Stratification and altitude both significantly influenced the germination percent,
germination value (GV) and mean germination time (MGT). Maximum germination percent (40.88) and
germination value (4.93) was recorded when seeds were subjected to 60 days stratification period whereas
the MGT significantly declined to 21.80 days. Among the selected altitudes, altitude A3 resulted in
maximum germination percent (35.00), GV (3.81) with MGT of 22.78 days (minimum). The interaction
results revealed significant difference and maximum germination percent (48.75) and maximum GV
(6.96) was recorded after 60 days of stratification duration at altitude A3 whereas the MGT was recorded
as 20.59 days (minimum).

Keywords: Abies pindrow, Altitudinal, Stratification, Germination Percent, Germination Value And Mean
Germination Time.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419752951.
E-mail Address: sabeenanasseer@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

15
Cost Benefit Ratio of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Cultivation
vis-a-vis Use of Organic and Bio-fertilisers
Sabina Nasseer Malik£, Shahina Ahmad Nagoo, Niyaz A. Dar, Tariq A. Shah, Mudasir
Hafiz Khan, F.A.Nehvi
SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1198

Abstract

Cost benefit ratio is an important and ultimate factor which decides the optimum levels of input to be
used for maximisation of production and returns of any crop. In the present study, the cost benefit ratio
was worked out for different treatments. Being a labour intensive crop, it involves a total input of Rs. 6.00
lacs/ ha in the first year. maximum benefit of Rs, 1279210 showing a cost benefit ratio of Rs 1: 2.10 and was
observed through the use of biofertilisers in combination with vermicompost (Azotobacter and
Azospirillum).

Keywords: Saffron, Cost Benefit Ratio, Biofertilisers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419752951.
E-mail Address: sabeenanasseer@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

16
Development of Genetic Resources for Mapping Nutritional
Traits in Indian Wheats
Mohd. Tahir, Safoora Shafi, Mohd. Anwar Khan, Mohd. Ashraf Bhat, Asma Hamid,
Hilal Ahmad, Reyazul Rouf Mir£
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FOA), SKUAST- Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore, India
JKSC-1390

Abstract

Micronutrient malnutrition, resulting from dietary deficiency of important minerals such as zinc (Zn) and
iron (Fe), is a widespread food-related health problem. As wheat is the primary food for the majority of
the world population, producing wheat grains with high mineral content can ameliorate the problem of
mineral hunger. Development of genetic resources for mapping genes/QTLs for nutritional traits like
grain Zn and Fe content was targeted in this study. The genetic variation in grain Fe and Zn contents was
assessed in 61 wheat genotypes using SSR markers. The grain Fe and Zn contents were measured using
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The results showed considerable genetic
variation for these minerals. The concentration of grain Fe varied by 2.13 fold, ranging from 28.9 to 61.5
mg kg-1 and grain Zn by 2.15 fold, ranging from 26.3 to 56.6 mg kg-1. About 90 crosses were made to
develop eight sets of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) viz., PBW660/1048, 5019/SW2, HD3095/10036,
FLW13/6024, 5018/VL22, HI8759/9048, IC566635/9048, and HD2932/5018 by crossing contrasting parents
for Fe and Zn content.

Keywords: Bread Wheat, Genetic Biofortification, Grain Zinc, Iron, Mapping Population, Genotyping.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622429412.
E-mail Address: tahiryousuf26@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

17
Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Insect Pests Attacking
Walnut Orchards of Central Kashmir
Shaziya Gull Zargar£, Tariq Ahmad Shosha, Ajaz Rasool Magray
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-440

Abstract

Ten sites in Central Kashmir were selected to assess the diversity and seasonal dynamics on different
sampling dates from June 2014 to November 2015 in Srinagar, Budgam and Ganderbal. Three dominating
orders were found to be prevailing on walnut ecosystem viz., Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera. Order
Coleoptera included Myllocerus spp. Hemiptera comprised of Chromaphis juglandicola, Panaphis
juglandis, Megacoelum stramineum, Paracopium cingalensis and Apodiphus pilipes. Lepidoptera
included Chaetoprocta odata and Erschoviella musculana. Moreover, two predatory beetles were also
found viz., Calvia punctata and Oenopia conglobata. The extent of damage depended on incidence of each
pest feeding on the kernel, leaves, branches and trunks. Sampling was done by visiting each walnut
orchard fortnightly and selecting five trees randomly for pest analysis. Among the insect pests C.
juglandicola, P. juglandis and Myllocerus spp. were the most dominanting prevailing at all the study sites
while as A.pilipes was least present in terms of number and was sporadiac in its occurrence. Examination
of the data from abundance showed high abundance of C. juglandicola with a definite seasonal trend being
highest in summer and lowest in autumn in comparison with A.pilipes being more in summer followed
by spring and autumn round the year. The data was also subjected to analysis by using various indices and
overall result depicted that Shannon-weiner diversity index was highest at Budgam (1.43) and least at
Ganderbal (1.25) which indicated that district Budgam had high diversity of pests. However, Simpson
diversity index was higher at Ganderbal (0.41) and lower at Budgam (0.30) which signified that district
Ganderbal had high dominance of pest species infesting walnut. Margalefa diversity index had upper most
value at Srinagar (6.16) and lower most at Ganderbal (4.74) which showed that district Srinagar had high
pest activity while as Pieloua index was higher value at Budgam (0.80) and lower at Srinagar (0.68) which
illustrated that insect pest species were more evenly present at district Budgam.

Keywords: Aphid, Walnut Pests, Seasonal Abundance, Diversity Indices, Central Kashmir, Incidence.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797757909.
E-mail Address: ziyazargar119@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

18
Diversity of Coccinellid Beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) in
South Kashmir, India
Razia Rasheed£, A. A. Buhroo
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-387

Abstract

Present studies were under taken on the diversity of Coccinellid beetles in three districts of Kashmir.
Survey was conducted from June 2014 to June 2015. Collection was done from horticultural ecosystems
namely fruit orchards, vegetables and wild vegetation ecosystem of these regions. The various diversity
indices like Shannon Weiner index, Simpson index; Margalefs index and Pielou index were used for
studying diversity and abundance of Coccinellid beetles. The results revealed that a total of 1536 specimens
of ladybird beetles were collected from study sites, which were identified into 3 sub families, 11 genera and
13 species. The calculated values of diversity indices showed good diversity and rich fauna of Coccinellid
beetles in the South Kashmir. Also during the present study Coccinellid beetles are evenly distributed
throughout the three districts of study area. Comparison of abundance, species richness and diversity
indices among fruit, vegetable and wild vegetation ecosystems revealed that Coccinellid beetle’s diversity
was more in wild vegetation and fruit ecosystems due availability of prey as compared to vegetable
ecosystem.

Keywords: Diversity Indices, Kashmir, Coccinellid Beetles, Agro-Ecosystem And Horticulture Ecosystem.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906598890.
E-mail Address: raziarasheed123@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

19
Diversity of Root Associated Ectomycorrhizal morphotypes of
Betula utilis in Kashmi Himalayas
Nafeesa Farooq Khan£, Zafar Ahmad Reshi
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1495

Abstract

The elevational and latitudinal limits of treeline are expected to expand with increasing temperature and
longer growing seasons, resulting in the establishment of seedlings into habitats currently supporting
Tundra vegetation. However, seedling establishment is also facilitated by a number of direct and indirect
biotic factors, including the availability of mycorrhiza, particularly the ecto- and ericaceous types which
colonize the roots of woody plants in a mutually beneficial symbiosis. In order to explore the role of
mycorrhizal fungi in the structure and dynamics of alpine timberline ecotone, present study employed
standard morphological method to document the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi associated with Betula
utilis in an alpine treeline ecotone. It is expected that this study provide a framework for predicting role
of mycorrhizal fungi in upward shift to treeline species under the influence of warming climate.The
identification of morphotypes was done using various taxonomic identification keys which grouped
mycelia, commonly isolated from plant substrates, into morphotypes on the basis of similar
characteristics.

Keywords: Treeline, Betula utilis, Ecto-mycorrhiza, Morphotyping, Global Warming, Ecotone.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018437964.
E-mail Address: khnnafisa@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

20
Effect of Biopriming on Management of Alternaria solani in
Tomato (Solanum lycopersici L.)
Aflaq Hamid£, Rouf Ahmad Shah, Gowhar Ali, Mohmmad Ilyas Bhat, M. Ashraf
Bhat,
Department of Seed Science, SKUAST-K Shalimar, India.
JKSC-806

Abstract

Early blight (Alternaria solani) is one of the most important fungal disease of tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum). The disease causing angular brown spots with concentric rings surrounded by discolored
tissue. Eventually the stem, fruit and upper portion of the plant will become infected. In most cases, early
blight causes annual economic yield loss of 79%. The present study was aimed to determine the effect of
biopriming on various host factors. Seed priming with different bio-contorl agents improves seed
germination, seedling vigour, seedling dry weight and speed of germination as compared to control.
Among different bio-control agents, indigenous isolate of Trichoderma harzianum showed highest seed
germination (82%) and vigour index of 4920, followed by Trichoderma harzianum obtained from
Pantnagar Agriculture university (PNAU) with germination percent of 78% and vigour index of 4680.
Pseudomonas fluorescence showed seed germination of 76% and vigour index of 4560 respectively. The
indigenous isolate of Trichoderma harzianum caused highest mycelial growth inhibition of Alternari
solani (88%) followed by Trichoderma harzianum of (PNAU) with 85% under in vitro conditions. The
present study revealed that bio-control agents used as biopriming have shown significant increase in
germination, plant vigour and inhibition of A. solani in tomato, hence proved to be cost effective and
ecofriendly for the management of the disease.

Keywords: Biopriming, Biocontrol Agent, Early Blight, Tomato.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889617904.
E-mail Address: falak19@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

21
Effect of Fatty Acid Mixture on the Fatty Acid Metabolism in
the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Firdose Ahmad Malik£1, Y. Srinivasa Reddy2, S. S. Mamatha3
1
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, SKUAST-K, Mirgund, India
2
Department of Studies In Sericultural Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore , India.
3
Department of Food Microbiology, CFTRI Mysore, India.
JKSC-1461

Abstract

The effects of fatty acid mixture with a leaf diet on fatty acid metabolism and economic characters were
investigated in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The feeding of mulberry leaf smeared with exogenous fatty
acids increase the haemolymph and fat body lipid to relatively higher levels than observed with the
mulberry leaf alone. The fatty acid profile of the silkworm tissues is largely similar to that of the mulberry
leaf though some fatty acids undergo profound changes in their levels. The lauric acid (C12:0) could not
be observed in the haemolymph or fat body. The fraction is unabsorbed as it is undetectable in the
haemolymph and was recovered in significant quantity in silkworm excreta. Other fatty acid fractions
were also present in the haemolymph and fat body though saturated fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0) tend to
be slightly higher in larvae feeding untreated leaves and unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 and C18:3) were
higher in larvae feeding fatty acid treated leaves. Gamma linolenic acid C18:3 (n-6) is not only absorbed
into the larval haemolymph but also incorporated in the total lipids of fat body. C18:3 (n-6) along with
other essential fatty acids, therefore, remained associated with midgut for a long time before releasing
into the haemolymph continuously over a long time and very little of it is excreted along with undigested
leaf. The absorption of C18:3 (n-6) in no way affected the absorption of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) and also
proportions of C18:3 n-3 and C18:2 which are relatively higher in the haemolymph and fat body of the
silkworm feeding mulberry leaf smeared with exogenous fatty acid mixture. Economic traits have
improved significantly despite lower consumption of fatty acid enriched leaf, suggesting an active role of
exogenous fatty acids in silk biosynthesis as well as oocyte and embryonic development.

Keywords: Mulberry Leaves, Bombyx Mori, Saturated Fatty Acids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797049812.
E-mail Address: firdosahmed@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

22
Effect of Nitrogen Application on Quality and Yield of
Coriander
Janeesa Nabi£, Faheema Mushtaq, Nayeema Jabeen, Shahnaz Mufti, Baseerat Afroza
Division of Vegetable Science SKUAST Kashmir, India
JKSC-747

Abstract

An investigation was conducted at Experimental Field of the Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-
Kashmir during rabi season 2016 to study the effect of different levels of urea and their integration with
FYM and vermicompost on coriander. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design
(RCBD) with three replications. The experiment comprised of ten treatments viz., T1 (40 kg nitrogen ha-
1 through urea), T2 (70 kg nitrogen ha-1 through urea), T3 (100 kg nitrogen ha-1 through urea), T4 (50%
nitrogen of T1 through urea + 50% nitrogen of T1 through FYM), T5 (50% nitrogen of T2 through urea +
50% nitrogen of T2 through FYM), T6 (50% nitrogen of T3 through urea + 50% nitrogen of T3 through
FYM), T7 (50% nitrogen of T1 through urea + 50% nitrogen of T1 through vermicompost), T8 (50%
nitrogen of T2 through urea + 50% nitrogen of T2 through vermicompost), T9 (50% nitrogen of T3 through
urea + 50% nitrogen of T3 through vermicompost), T10 (Control-no chemical fertilizer/organic manure).
Enhancement in quality attributes was observed with the application of integrated (INM) treatments.
Maximum dry matter (30.25%) was observed in treatment T9 while as maximum moisture was observed
in treatment T1 (40 kg nitrogen ha-1 through urea). Maximum values for TSS (11.65 0Brix), vitamin C
(149.65 mg 100g-1), chlorophyll a (5.10 mg 100g-1), chlorophyll b (6.75 mg 100g-1) and phenols (97.63 mg
100g-1) were recorded in treatment T9 (50% nitrogen of T3 through urea + 50% nitrogen of T3 through
vermicompost). Minimum nitrate content of 401.31 mg kg-1 was recorded in Treatment T7 (50% nitrogen
of T1 through urea + 50% nitrogen of T1 through vermicompost). In terms of soil properties, treatment T9
(50% nitrogen of T3 through urea + 50% nitrogen of T3 through vermicompost) resulted in highest
available nitrogen (272.35 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (16.89 kg ha-1), available potassium (186.21 kg ha-
1) and organic carbon (0.99%). Maximum reduction in soil pH (6.41) was observed in treatment T9 and
highest EC (0.201 dSm-1) was also recorded under the same treatment. With regards to relative economics
of different treatments, maximum B:C ratio of 2.66 was recorded in treatment T8 (50% nitrogen of T2
through urea + 50% nitrogen of T2 through vermicompost) while treatment T9 (50% nitrogen of T3
through urea + 50% nitrogen of T3 through vermicompost) recorded a B:C ratio of 2.47.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Coriander, Quality, Vermicompost, Dry Matter, FYM.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419011103.
E-mail Address: mushtaq.faheema@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

23
Effect of Processing Conditions on Expansion Ratio and Break
Strength During Extrusion of Rice and Carrot Blend
Nargis Yousf£1, Khafiza Ahsan2, Hafiza Ahsan3
1,2
Department of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, India.
3
Department of Basic Science, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1078

Abstract

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of carrot powder as functional ingredient in rice based
extruded products at Division of Food Science and Technology SKUAST-K, Shalimar. Response Surface
Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of processing conditions on product
characteristics. Significant regression models were established with the coefficient of determination, R2
greater than 0.74. The results indicate (P < 0.05). Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with
composition ((10-30%), Moisture content (11-17%), screw speed (200-400 rpm) and barrel temperature
(120-180oC) as independent variables produced 30 different combinations which were used to study the
effect on Expansion ratio (ER), Breaking strength. For rice and carrot blend, composition (Broken rice:
Carrot) had significant effect on all response variables of extrudes whereas moisture content screw speed
Barrel temperature and screw speed had no significant effect on ER. All the independent variables except
composition were found to have non-significant effect on breaking strength. Composition and Moisture
have a negative effect on ER while temperature screw speed have positive effect on ER. composition has
positive effect on breaking strength while screw speed, temperature moisture has a negative effect on
breaking strength.

Keywords: Twin Screw Extrusion, Carrot Powder, Response Surface Methodology, Rice Flour.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622632076.
E-mail Address: nargisyousuf313@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

24
Effect of Soil Solarization on the Growth of Onion (Aliium
cepa L.) and Onion Blight Disease
Efath Shahnaz£1, Vijay Kumar Razdan2, Saba Banday3
1,3
SKUAST-Jammu, India.
2
SKUAST- Kashmir, India..
JKSC-301

Abstract

Soil solarization with the addition of soil amendments, was carried out for a period of six weeks. The
maximum temperature of solarized plots was 9.20 C 11.3oC higher than that of non-solarized plots and the
minimum temperatures in solarized plots was 7.5“12.1oC higher than non-solarized plots. Moisture was
conserved most effectively (10.05 per cent) in the solarized plots treated with FYM, followed by poultry
manure (9.27 per cent), whereas, the least amount of moisture was conserved in plots supporting none of
the amendments (1.72 per cent). At the end of solarization, maximum fungal colonies (26×104) were
detected in solarized plots amended with poultry manure, maximum actinomycete colonies (268×103)
and maximum bacterial count (416.00×103), were obtained in solarized plots with none of the
amendments. The maximum root and shoot length, and yield were recorded in the seedlings from the
nursery treated with solarization and in which FYM had been added. The average number of leaves
recorded was also highest for solarized plots treated with FYM and least in non-solarized untreated plots.
There was a gradual increase in the foliar blight disease intensity in the crop obtained from solarized plots
treated with different amendments, from 1st to 11th standard week. However, from 11th to 13th SW, there
was a steep rise in intensity in case of all the amendments.

Keywords: Soil Solarization, Onion Blight, Soil Amendments.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697316096.
E-mail Address: efaths@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

25
Efficacy of Bio-Control Agents Against Rhizoctonia solani
Kuhn Causing Sheath Blight of Rice
Mohammad Najeeb Mughal£, Mushtaq Ahmad Teli, Sabiya Bashir
SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1304

Abstract

Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is an emerging threat to stable rice production in
Kashmir. Among different diseases management strategies, management of diseases through bio-control
agents is eco-friendly and sustainable approach. Various bio-control agents were evaluated under in vitro
conditions by dual culture method for their efficacy for checking the growth of the fungal pathogen. The
fungal bio-control agents viz., Trichoderma harzianum strain 1, Trichoderma viride strain 1, Trichoderma
viride strain 2, Trichoderma viride strain 4 and Aspergillus flavus were procured from different locations.
The bio-control agents, Trichoderma harzianum strain 2 and Trichoderma viride strain 3, were isolated
from soils of Rice Research and Regional station, Khudwani, Anantnag, Kashmir. These bio-control agents
were evaluated against R. solani through dual culture method. The highest mycelia inhibition (69.91%) of
the mycelial growth was achieved by Trichoderma viride strain 2 followed by trichoderma viride strain 3
(53.91%). The other bio-control agents, Trichoderma harzianum strain 2, Trichoderma harzianum strain
1, Trichoderma viride strain 4 and Trichoderma viride strain 1 caused 50.35, 43.46, 36.10 and 30.57 per cent
inhibition of mycelia growth, respectively. The least effective among test bio-control agents was
Aspergillus flavus resulting only in 7.14 per cent mycelia inhibition.

Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, Bio-Control Agents, In Vitro, Trichoderma Harzianum, T. Viride.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419011010.
E-mail Address: drnajeebmughal@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

26
Efficacy of Fungicides and Bio-Control Agents Against Tuber
Rot Disease of Kala Zeera Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum
Sabiya Bashir£, Mohammad Najeeb Mughal, Seerat un Nissa, Zahoor A. Dar,
Jahangeer A. Baba, S. A. Hakeem, R.A.Wani
SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1302

Abstract

Six non-systemic fungicides viz., captan 50 WP, copper oxychloride 50 WP, dodine 65 WP, mancozeb75
WP, propineb 70 WP and zineb 80 WP and five systemic fungicides viz., bitertanol 25 WP, carbendazim
50 WP, difenconozole 25 EC, hexaconozole 5EC, and myclobutanil 10 WP were evaluated against tuber rot
of kala zeera caused by Fusarium solani. The in-vitro evaluation of non-systemic fungicides through
poisoned food technique at five different concentrations viz., 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 µg ml-1 indicated
that mancozeb was most effective exhibiting mean mycelial growth inhibition of 68.00 per cent followed
by captan (58.59%). Copper oxychloride proved least effective and resulted in only 20.05 per cent mean
inhibition of mycelial growth. Among the systemic fungicides evaluated at concentrations viz., 25, 50, 100,
200 and 500 µg ml-1, carbendazim proved most effective exhibiting mean mycelial growth inhibition of
91.50 per cent followed by hexaconozole and bitertanol with 80.15 and 68.50 per cent mean mycelial
growth inhibition, respectively. Myclobutanil 10 WP proved least effective and resulted in only 40.56 per
cent mean inhibition of mycelial growth. Five strains of Trichoderma viride designated as Tv-1, Tv-2 Tv-3,
Tv-4, Tv-5 and two strain of Trichoderma harzianum designated as Th-1 and Th-2 were also evaluated
against tuber rot pathogen. The in-vitro evaluation of bio-control agents revealed that Tv-2 was most
efficacious and resulted in 70.23% mean mycelial inhibition followed by Tv-1 with 64.54 per cent mean
inhibition of mycelial growth. Trichoderma harzianum2 (Th-2) proved least efficious and resulted in only
34.22 per cent mean inhibition of mycelial growth.

Keywords: Bio-control, Kala zeera, Fungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, In- vitro.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006942096.
E-mail Address: drsabiyabashir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

27
Efficacy of Some Insecticide Molecules Against Apple Blossom
Thrip (ABT) at Pink Bud Stage in Apple Orchards of Kashmir
Muneer Ahmad£, M. A. Manto
SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-214

Abstract

A field trials were laid out at Dangerpora Kullar and Luckbown (District Anantnag) and Arin and bagh
bandipora (District bandipora) in a completely Randomized Block Design during 2015 - 2017, respectively.
Apple trees of variety Red Deliciousa, 13-16 years of age were selected for the field trial. The spraying of
the treatments, viz., code 188 @ 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ml/L of water, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 0.02%, dimethoate
30 EC @ 0.05% and water as control, each replicated four times with a single tree as a replicate, was done
with the help of a power sprayer and the observations on the number of apple blossom thrips (ABT) per
cluster of flowers before and after the treatment applications were counted at subsequent intervals of 1st,
3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day after treatment (DAT) by taking a random sample of four clusters from outer,
middle and innermost parts of the tree canopy. When the data of two districts (Bandipora and Anantnag)
was pooled together, it was found that Code 188, chlorpyriphos 20 EC and dimethoate 30 EC resulted
80.95, 83.74, 88.59,86.14and 85.18% mortality of the apple blossom thrip (ABT) population at 0.3, 0.4 and
0.5 ml/L of water; 0.02 and 0.05% concentrations in comparison to check (13.79%) in District Bandipora,
respectively.

Keywords: Efficacy, Insecticide, Apple Blossom Thrip, Orchard.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697309627.
E-mail Address: muneerento@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

28
Estimate the Relative Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis for Yield
Components in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern &
Coss)
Richa Bharti Bharti£, Surinder Kumar Gupta, Neelam Chaudhary
Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, SKUAST-J, India.
JKSC-1298

Abstract

The extent of heterosis has been measured from the diallel cross over the mid and better parent in Indian
mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]. Twenty- one F1 crosses along with seven diverse parental
genotypes planted at the Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, during the year 2013-2016 were evaluated for twelve
characters, including days to bloom, days to reproductive phase, primary branches per plant, secondary
branches per plant, pod intensity, seed yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), plant height (cm), pod length
(cm), seeds per siliqua, seed weight per siliqua and 1000-seed weight (g). Analysis of variance revealed
considerable genetic variability among parents and F1 crosses for all the traits except seed weight per
siliqua. Heterosis ranged from 3.41(PM-21 x PM-24) to 101.34 per cent (PM-22 x Pusa-Karishma) for yield
per plant. The present study also revealed that the crosses viz., PM-21 ×PM-22, PM-21 ×Pusa-
Karishma, PM-22 ×PM-24, PM-22 × Pusa-Karishma and PM-24 × Pusa-Karishma had high postive
heterosis for seed yield per plant.

Keywords: Relative Heterois, Heterobeltiosis, Non-Allelic Interaction.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9070420922.
E-mail Address: richa.bharti1506@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

29
Evaluation of Garlic Germ Plasm for Yield, Insect Pest
Incidence and Storage Quality
Mushtaq Ahmed Chattoo£, Nayeema Jabeen, Mehrajudin Shah, Rizwan Rashid,
Faheema Mushtaq, Javaid Iqbal Chishti, Mohammad Mudasir Magray
Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1065

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted over a period of three seasons of rabi (2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14) at
Faculty of Agriculture and Regional Research station; Wadura Sopore to evaluate eleven Garlic genotypes
(SKAU-G-01, SKAU-G-02, SKAU-G-03, SKAU-G-04, SKAU-G-05, SKAU-G-06, SKAU-G-07, SKAU-G-08,
SKAU-G-09, SKAU-G-10, SKAU-G-11) collected from different parts of state in a RCBD design with three
replications in plots of 1.2m × 1.00 m with a spacing of 15 × 10 cm for yield, insect pest incidence and
quality traits. SKAU-G-05 recorded maximum marketable bulb yield of 276.45 ha-1 followed by SKAU-G-
04 (271.54q ha-1), SKAU-G-03 (262.54q ha-1) and SKAU-G-07 (210.04q ha-1). Minimum incidence of 6.15 %
for Stemphyllium was recorded with SKAU-G-03, while genotype SKAU-G-09 recorded maximum of 10.06
% was recorded. Local check registered minimum 5.27 %, while maximum 11.23 % was recorded with
SKAU-G-09 for purple blotch. Downy mildew registered minimum incidence of of 7.59 % with local check,
while maximum of 13.58% was registered with SKAU-G-02. Minimum number of thrips 7.04 plant-1 was
recorded with SKAU-G-10. SKAU-G-01 registered maximum TSS content of 35.31 % and minimum 29.05 %
was recorded with local check. Genotype SKAU-G-05 recorded a minimum storage loss of 11.26 %, while
maximum 16.74 % was registered with SKAU-G-06.

Keywords: Garlic, Germplasm, Yield, Bulb, Purple Blotch, Downy Mildew.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419011103.
E-mail Address: mushtaq.faheema@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

30
Evaluation of Lethal Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Locally
Available Therapeutic Plants of Kashmir Valley Against Rose
Aphid, Macrosiphum rosae (L) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Insha Yousuf Mir£, Abdul Ahad Buhroo, Gousul Nisa Sheikh
Entomological Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-802

Abstract

Floriculture is fast budding enterprise on the global scene. In Jammu and Kashmir, the main product of
this flourishing industry is the rose. But this flower is attacked by various insect pests, particularly rose
aphid, Macrosiphum rosae that reduces its aesthetic and commercial value to a greater extent. The use of
insecticides on flowers is being avoided and instead an eco- friendly way of utilizing aqueous extracts of
locally available plants (viz. Artemisia absinthium, Euphorbia helioscopia, Iris germanica, Viola odorata
and Mentha longifolia), for managing M. rosae, was carried out in the present study. The toxic effects of
five aqueous extracts was assessed at three different concentrations i.e. 1%, 2% and 3% using No choice
bioassay and leaf dip technique. Rose aphids on water treated leaves served as control. The aphid mortality
was calculated after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs of treatment. The results showed that the aqueous extract
of E. heliocopia was the most potent with highest mean percent mortality of 60% at 3% concentration and
had the lowest LC50 value of 3.84%. However, the lowest mean percent mortality of 22.35% was recorded
for M. longifolia and had the highest LC50 of 5.29%. The observed order of toxicity of aqueous extracts
was recorded as Mentha < Viola < Artemisia < Iris < Euphorbia. Aphid mortality data sets subjected to
analysis of variance (1- way ANOVA) by Duncans test at 5% revealed that all the treatment concentrations
of five plant extracts were significant in comparison to Control. Further, increasing the concentration of
extracts produced a subsequent increase in aphid mortality. This was indicated by the Regression analysis
of the data which revealed positive correlation existing between X (concentration) and Y (mortality)
variables (R2 close to 1). The Chi square test of association further confirmed the existing relationship
between concentration of extracts and aphid mortality was significant at p 0.05% for all the five extracts.
The study thus demonstrates that use of plant extracts represents an ecological approach to circumvent
existing resistance and minimize the danger of new resistance formation in M. rosae as well.

Keywords: Floriculture, No Choice Bioassay, Leaf Dip Technique, Macrosiphum Rosae, 1- Way ANOVA.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469409727.
E-mail Address: inshayousuf444@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

31
Evaluation of Onion Genotypes for Yield Insect Pest Incidence
and Storage Quality
Mushtaq Ahmed Chattoo£, Athar Ali, Sumati Narayan, Mehrajudin Shah, Faheema
Mushtaq, Rizwan Rashid, Aijaz Malik, J. I. Chishti
Division of Vegetable Science SKUAST Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1085

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2014- 2015 at Faculty of Agriculture and Regional Research
station; Wadura Sopore to evaluate the performance of twelve genotypes of Onion (ON14-01, ON14-04,
ON14-06, ON14-09, ON14-11, ON-1415, ON14-17, ON14-23, ON14-25, ON14-27, ON14-29 and local check)
for various traits in a randomized block design with three replications, in plots of 3.0 m — 2.0 m size with
a spacing of 15— 10 cm. Local check recorded maximum marketable yield of 380.27 qha-1 followed by
ON14-29 (359.31 qha-1) recorded with. Genotype ON14-17 registered higher incidence of 11.50 % for
stemphyllium, while zero incidence was recorded with ON14-01. Higher incidences of 3.98 % for purple
blotch was recorded with local check, while as, genotype ON14-01, ON14-04, ON14-11, ON14-15, ON14-25
and ON14-27 registered zero incidence. Local check and ON14-09 registered maximum incidence of 14.70
and 12.60 % respectively for downy mildew, while as ON14-01 exhibited zero incidence. Maximum thrips
(12.66 plant-1) were recorded with ON14-04, while local check registered minimum of 6.66 plant-1
Genotype ON14-04 registered minimum storage loss of 41.18 %.

Keywords: Onion, Genotype, Yield, Downy Mildew, Storage.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419011103.
E-mail Address: mushtaq.faheema@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

32
Gene Discovery for Root Traits in Indian Wheats Using
Genome Wide SSR Markers
Farkhandah Jan£, Reyazul Rouf Mir, Mohd Altaf Wani, M. A. Khan, M. Ashraf Bhat
SKUAST-Kashmir Wadura Campus Sopore, India
JKSC-1002

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a principal food grain of India and contributes to the national food
security. With a production of 92.46mt (2012-13) it contributes ~36% to the national food basket.It is the
staple food and main source of energy and nutrition in the Indian diet. Root architecture is important for
water and nutrition acquisition for all crops, including wheat. During the present study we have procured
a set of 263 Indian bread wheat cultivars from Indian Institute for Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR),
Karnal. The varieties have been released over a period of last 100 years (1906 to 2006) and belongs to all
the six wheat growing zones in India. The set of 263 lines have been genotyped with genome wide 250 SSR
marker. In addition, the 263 lines will be phenotyped for different root traits in field, plastic pipes in green
house and in laboratory in Agar. The trait data on root traits and SSR marker genotypic data will be used
together in software program TASSEL and marker trait associations will be worked out for all the root
traits.The significant, major and stable marker trait associations will be used in wheat molecular breeding
programs aimed at improving root traits in Indian wheats.

Keywords: Wheat, Root Traits, SSR Markers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006019413.
E-mail Address: farkhandajan31@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

33
Genetic Studies in Vegetable Amaranth
Baseerat Afroza£, Labiba Riyaz Shah, K. P. Wani, Faheema Mushtaq, Ambreen Nabi,
Rakshanda Bhat
Divison of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-913

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out during kharief 2016 at Urban Technology Park, Habbak, Division
of Vegetable Science. SKUAST-Kashmir to assess the genetic performance of various Vegetable Amaranth
Genotypes. Twenty-seven diverse genotypes were evaluated for various traits. Analysis of variance
revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied. The phenotypic and genotypic
coefficients of variability ranged from 10.25 - 99.78 and 9.89 - 99.14 respectively. The highest phenotypic
and genotypic coefficients of variability were observed for lateral spikelet length (99.78, 99.14) leaf area
(67.13, 67.04) and stem thickness (52.22, 52.03). In general, the genotypic coefficients of variation were
slightly higher than the corresponding phenotypic coefficients of variation, which indicates the minor role
of environment in the expression of traits under observation. Heritability (broad sense) was high for all
the characters and ranged from 85 to 99 per cent indicating that the characters were less influenced by
environmental effects and that characters were effectively transmitted to the progeny. All the characters
showed the high estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean,
indicating the preponderance of additive gene action for control of these traits and hence depicting a great
scope for fast improvement in these traits.

Keywords: Vegetable Amaranth, Analysis of Variance, Heritability, Genetic Advance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419083024.
E-mail Address: bafroza@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

34
Germplasm Characterization and Development of Genetic
Resources for Mapping Genes/QTLs for Early Maturity in
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Safoora Shafi£, Mohd Tahir, Mohd Anwar Khan, Mohd Ashraf Bhat, Asma Hamid,
Hilal Ahmad, Reyazul Rouf Mir
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, FOA, SKUAST-K, Sopore, India.
JKSC-1214

Abstract

One of the most important wheat breeding objectives for our Kashmir region is for cultivars that fit in the
rice-wheat crop rotation, which will ensure food security for the people in this region. Development of
extra early maturity wheat varieties therefore will help to fit in Rice-Wheat double cropping system. To
make this rotation successful, we are screening a variety of wheat germplasm/ nurseries received from
national partners, such as the Indian Institute for Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana,
and from international institutes, such as the Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) of CIMMYT. A set of
six early maturing lines were identified from material provided by national partners, and a set of 25 early
maturing lines were procured from BISA. The material was evaluated at two locations in Kashmir,
including the Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-K, Wadura, Sopore (extreme northern Kashmir) and at the
Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops (MRCFC), Khudwani, Anantnag (extreme southern Kashmir).
In order to develop the bi-parental mapping population, crosses were attempted between the extra-early
maturing lines as well as with the winter wheat lines and F1 seeds were obtained for ~140 cross
combinations. The F1 seed were planted in the greenhouse in order to obtain F2. The F2 seeds have been
planted in the main season on October 2017. The wheat lines will also be characterized using 42 unlinked
SSR markers and the markers/ QTLs/genes already reported for early maturity /flowering time in wheat.
About 15 SSR Markers have already been selected associated with early maturity for validation. In addition,
the data generated will be used in the study of genetic diversity and study of marker-trait associations for
earliness and associated traits. The useful/important markers identified will be used in future wheat
molecular breeding programs for manipulating wheat maturity period.

Keywords: Wheat, Gene, Winter Wheat, Trait Evaluation, Marker-Trait Associaton, Genetic Diversity, Qtls, Mapping
Population.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622756979.
E-mail Address: safoorashafi999@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

35
Heavy Metal Concentration Due Use of Different
Agrochemicals in Some Land-Use Systems of District
Baramulla
Basharat Ahmad Bhat£, S. K. Raina, Syed Hujjatul Baligah, Ab. Lateef Shah, Aamir
H. Mir
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Science Foa, Wadura Sopore , SKUAST Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1063

Abstract

Soil is a complex structure and contains mainly four major components i,e. mineral matter, water, air and
organic matter. Soil possesses not only nucleus position for existence of living beings but also ensures
their future existence. Therefore, it is thus of extreme importance to protect this resource to ensure its
sustainability. Modern or conventional agricultural practices use excessive agrochemicals and fertilizers
to maximize profit and production. These practices have greatly increased the crop production but at the
same time they have degraded these soils by the addition of toxic heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cr,
Cu etc. These heavy metals are stable metals or metalloids with density greater than 4.5 gcm3. They cannot
be degraded so they tend to accumulate in soil. Heavy metals occur naturally at low conc. In soil, however
they are considered as soil contaminants due to their wide spread occurrence, acute and chronic toxicity.
Efforts have been made during the present study to find out the level of heavy metals in different land use
systems of district Baramulla and also a correlation was found between these heavy metals and soil
physico-chemical properties and available nutrients. For this seven sites were selected and soil samples
were taken from three different land use systems like agricultural land use system (paddy land),
horticultural land use system (orchard, vegetable land) and fallow land in 2016-17. A total of 28 samples
were taken and analyzed for physico-chemical properties like pH, EC, CEC, CaCO3 and particle size
distribution in the Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, FoA Wadura, Sopore. The samples
were also analyzed for available nutrients like N, P, K and S. Heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn were
also determined by the use of Atomic absorption spectrometery. The data generated shall be analyzed as
per the statistical procedures given by Gomez and Gomez (1984). Heavy metal concentration of these land
use systems in which excessive agrochemicals and fertilizers are being used from last 20-40 years shall
also be compared with fallow land samples and accordingly we will come to know how much heavy metals
these agrochemicals have added to the soil.

Keywords: Soil, Agrochemicals, Agricultural, Fertilizers, Heavy metals, Land-use systems, Available nutrients. Fallow
land.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596159084.
E-mail Address: basharatbhat524@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

36
Hydrological Modelling of Runoff of Vishav Watershed Using
Swat
Ifra Ashraf1£, Noureen Khurshid1, Tahir Wahid1, Faheem Ahmed Malik2
1College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
2Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

JKSC-973

Abstract

Assessment of the hydrological response of a watershed to the corresponding rainfall events has nowadays
been taken over by mathematical modelling approaches moderating the ambiguity involved in the
conventional methods. Pedology, land use, topography and weather are some of the variables having a
marked effect on the runoff response from a watershed duly taken into account by the mathematical
models. These mathematical models are the best possible available approaches which are representative
of the real world hydrological phenomena. The runoff has a marked effect on different hydrological
phenomena that are occurring in the watershed, thereby necessitating the need to quantify the runoff for
implementation of the conservative measures at watershed scale. The study uses the modelling approach
by applying SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), which uses an interface of ArcGIS to predict the
runoff response of Vishav watershed in Kashmir valley. SWAT, a physically based semi-distributed model,
takes into account the SCS-curve number method for the runoff estimation. The results from the study
indicated that the SWAT model was efficient in simulating runoff, by maneuvering proper calibration in
watershed with the scarce data. The model was calibrated for a time period of 2012 to 2013 and validated
from 2014 to 2015 for runoff. The final results showed a very high correlation between daily observed and
simulated runoff values as indicated by high coefficient of determination (R2=0.91 and 0.92) and high
Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (ENS=0.97 and 0.99) during calibration and validation periods. The model was
unable to predict the disastrous flood which occurred after 110 years (September 2014) which was
attributed to the unprecedented sequential heavy storms.

Keywords: SWAT model, ArcGIS, Runoff, SCS-Curve Number Method, Calibration.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713915570.
E-mail Address: iframir3@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

37
Identification of Phosphate Efficient Potato Cultivars Through
Phosphorus Application
Faheema Mushtaq£1, Shabir Hussain Khan2, Faisal Nabi2, Mushtaq Ahmed Chattoo1,
Kouser Parveen Wani1, Mehrajudin Shah1, JavaidqbalChisti1
1
Division of Vegetable Science SKUAST, Kashmir, India
2
FOH Wadura Wadura SKUAST, Kashmir, India
JKSC-723

Abstract

Potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade (Solanum tuberosum L.). Potato has
emerged as one of the most important crops mainly because of its short duration, nutritional superiority,
ability of producing high amount of food per unit area and suitability for inclusion in intensive cropping
systems. The potato crop has traditionally been regarded as having a large requirement for phosphorus
(P) with the result that substantial applications of phosphate fertilizer are frequently made in anticipation
of significant economic yield responses. Relatively large amounts of fertilizer P are frequently applied to
potato crops and economic responses occur where residual levels of P are low. Inefficient utilization of
fertilizer P leads to accumulation of P in soils especially where potatoes are grown frequently in the
rotation. Increasing concern over phosphate pollution indicates the need to re-evaluate the P needs of
potato crops. From the relationships between rate of applied P and yield response obtained, an indication
may also be assessed regarding the rates of phosphorus, growers should apply. The optimum number of
tubers is an important objective in potato production as this is one of the variables determining mean
tuber size and tuber size distribution. The objective of present study was to establish relationship between
phosphorus levels and varieties of potato to identify phosphorus efficient potato cultivars. The experiment
was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the years 2013
and 2014. The experiment involved six varieties of potato viz V1: Kufri Jyoti, V2: Kufri giriraj, V3: Kufri Shalja,
V4: Kufri Himalini, V5: Kufri Girdhari, V6: Shalimar potato-1 and four levels of phosphorus viz, P0: Control,
P1:50 kgP2O5/ha, P2:100 kgP2O5/ha, P3:150 kgP2O5/ha resulting in twenty-four treatment combinations.
Among the different levels of phosphorous application, the maximum dose i.e, 150 kg P2O5/ha produced
the maximum yield. However, among the varieties, Shalimar potato 1 was found superior over all other
varieties, followed by Kufri Jyoti. Maximum tuber yields 37.30t/ha with net returns of Rs278575 was
recorded with Shalimar potato 1 with the application of P2O5 @ 150 kg/ha. Potato varieties planted without
the phosphorus application recorded the minimum tuber yield with Kufri Shalja recording minimum yield
of 20.17 t/ha.

Keywords: Potato, Phosphorus, Cultivers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419011103.
E-mail Address: mushtaq.faheema@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

38
Influence of Alfalfa Based Vermicompost on Growth and
Yield of Tomato under Cold Arid Conditions of Kargil
(Ladakh) of Jammu & Kashmir, India
Malik Asif£, Fayaz A. Lone, Shazia Lone, Nazir Ahmad, Mushtaq A.Malik
Division of Basic Sciences & Humanities, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-419

Abstract

A field trial was conducted during 2014-2016 at KVK Kargil main farm to study the influence of alfalfa
made vermicompost on growth and yield of Tomato. The Purpose of this study was to ascertain the
potential capacity of the selected earth worm specie viz; Eisenia foetida with respect to the decomposition
of alfalfa waste into nutrient rich organic manure known as vermicompost. During the present
investigations, nutrient status (both macro and micro), physiochemical, biochemical parameters and
enzymes in vermicompost before and after application of earthworm species and also a comparative study
was carried out on vermicompost and its effect on the growth parameters viz; plant height, number of
fruits, shoot length and number of leaf count in tomato. The results of the study revealed that the total
macro and micronutrients were at higher end in vermicompost as compared to control. The enzymatic
activities viz; amylase, cellulase, invertase, biochemical parameters namely protein; physiochemical
parameters namely pH showed elevated levels after vermicomposting. The vermicompost applied plant
tomato depicted an increased number of fruits, shoot length and number of leaves when compared to
control. Therefore, this study concluded that the quality vermicompost obtained from the decomposition
of the alfalfa waste by Eisenia foetida is an effective organic manure which would facilitate increased
uptake of the nutrients by the plants resulting in higher growth and yield.

Keywords: Alfalfa, Growth, Tomato, Vermicompost, Yield, Kargil.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797035521.
E-mail Address: drasif_skuast@yahoo.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

39
Influence of Post-Bloom Application of Hormones and
Hormone Nutrient Combinations on Apple Fruit Physical
Quality Attributes under Kashmir Conditions
Mohsin Ahmad Hajam£1, G. I. Hassan2, Muneeb A. Wani3, Ejaz A. Parray , Mehraj Ud 4

din Khanday5
Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
1, 2,3,5
4
Division of Soil Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1067

Abstract

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is an important temperate fruit crop, belonging to family Rosaceae and
subfamily pomoideae. Market price is mostly determined by the demand, supply and quality of the
product as well. In case of apple; some fruit physical attributes like size, shape, firmness and colour
peculiar to the variety has a profound effect on market value of the fruit as grade A fetches maximum price
per Kg followed by grade B and lowest in case of grade C. The present investigation was carried out on
Red Delicious cultivar of apple during the year 2016-2017 in district Kulgam in Kashmir valley. The
experiment was laid down on randomized complete block design with five treatments including water
treated control [T1], gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 50 ppm [T2], GA3 @ 100 ppm [T3], hormone nutrient mixture
(HNM) @ 1.5 ml/L [T4] and HNM @ 2.5 ml/L [T5] each treatment was replicated four times. The single
sprays of GA3 were made at three weeks after fruit set while as HNM single sprays was done when the
fruits were of walnut size. It was found that the entire chemical sprays enhanced fruit length which was
maximum under GA3 @ 100 ppm [T3] (7.97 cm) this value was statistically at par with 7.88 cm under HNM
@ 2.5 ml/L [T5]. The maximum (7.95) fruit diameter in centimeters was found under the spray of HNM @
2.5 ml/L. however GA3 treatment at 100 ppm improved the market determining L/D ratio to a large extent
(1.02) against the water treated control (0.98) at the same time 100 ppm of GA3 served as the only
treatment that had a significant effect on fruit colour which reduced the colour score from 2.39 in control
to 2.27. All treatments improved A grade apple production against control in which HNM @ 2.5 ml/L
proved very effective in improving A grade apple yield which was 72.11 percent. It is suggested to spray
GA3 at 100 ppm to improve fruit physical parameters.

Keywords: Apple, Gibberellic Acid, Hormone Nutrient Combinations, Fruit Length, L/D ratio and Colour.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9070752547.
E-mail Address: rajamohsin1510@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

40
Insect Pollinator Diversity of Major Traditional Leafy
Vegetables (Kale and Knol khol) in Kashmir Himalayas
Deelak Amin£, Muneer Ahmad, M. A. Parray
SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-213

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted at vegetable seed production unit, Division of vegetable Science,
Shuhama campus, SKUAST-Kashmir during 2014-15 on leafy vegetables viz knoll kohl and kale crops. The
pollinator fauna of both the vegetables were collected and studied for their foraging ecology and behaviour
during the study period. There are various threats to pollinator diversity in modern agriculture. Our focus
was to record the insect diversity under present scenario. The collected pollinators/visitors of knoll khol
and kale were identified and total of 15 insect pollinators/visitors belonging to orders and families of class
insect were recorded from knoll khol bloom while as 17 insect pollinators/visitors belonging to orders and
10 families were recorded from kale bloom. Among all pollinator, Hymenopterans were most predominant
contributing 91.64% of total pollinators on knoll khol and 90.04% of total pollinators on kale.

Keywords: Pollinator, Diversity, Traditional, Vegetable , Himalayas.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697309627.
E-mail Address: muneerento@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

41
Internet of Things in Agriculture-Recent Developments and
Upcoming Challenges
Saqib Parvaze Allaie£, Sabah Parvaze, Jagvir Dixit, Latief Ahmad, Junaid N. Khan
SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-575

Abstract

The growing demand for food in terms of both the quality and quantity has increased the need for
strengthening and mechanization of the agricultural sector. Internet of Things (IoT) is an extremely
promising family of technologies that is able to offer keys towards the modern transformation of
agriculture. A number of scientific groups, research organizations and industries are competing to provide
more and more IoT products and services to the stakeholders of the agricultural sector. In order to sustain,
store and analyses huge amounts of data generated by IoT devices, services like Cloud Computing and
Fog Computing are being offered side by side that are able to provide adequate resources and solutions.
Management and analysis of the data obtained from IoT devices (Big Dataâ) can be used in process
automation, situation prediction and improvement of many activities on a Realtime basis. Furthermore,
the idea of interoperability between devices of varying types has stimulated the development of
appropriate tools which can assist in the creation of new applications and services and hence give
additional value to the data flows generated within the networks. IoT is expected to benefit the
agricultural sector in the same way as the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies. With the IoT
technology, the farmlands can move from precision to micro-precision models of the agricultural
production. With the aid of autonomous systems, control of production in accordance with the market
situation, profit maximization and cost minimization are possible. Side by side, food supply chains will be
able to monitor each stage in the life of a product and provide a transparent product lifecycle information
system for increased customer satisfaction.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Precision Agriculture,Cloud Computing, Wireless Sensor Network.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797248710.
E-mail Address: saqib.parvaze@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

42
Long Non-coding RNA Profiles of Bovine Mammary
Epithelial Cell During Bacterial Infection: An Underestimated
Layer in Host-Pathogen Interaction
Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz£, Qamar Taban, Shakil Ahmad Bhat, Mashooq Ahmad Dar,
Syed Mudasir Ahmad
Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India .
JKSC-714

Abstract

The emergence and transmission of mammary gland specific infectious diseases in cattle has a serious
influence on the dairy industry. Understanding the elaborative mechanisms of disease pathogenesis is a
major challenge in combating the infectious agents. LncRNAs represent a new layer of gene regulatory
molecules involved in modulating host responses during infection and other biological processes.
Considering that a large number of lncRNAs are only expressed in specific tissues and conditions,
identification of lncRNAs in bacteria infected mammary epithelial cells is therefore of special interest. The
identification and systematic analysis of putative lncRNAs has great potential to provide novel insights
into uncharacterized bovine lncRNAs and their relationships with mammary gland infection
development. Next generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology has opened a new vista for the
annotation of whole transcriptomes and understanding of global gene expression. In the present study,
RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in Escherichia coli strain P4 (E.
coli P4) infected primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pBMECs) at an MOI of 10:1for 12 hours by a
customized and stringent pipeline. After 12 hours post infection total RNA was extracted from both
infected and control groups and cDNA libraries were prepared which were sequenced using Illumina
HiSeq platform (HiSeq-2500). A total of 174.3 million raw reads were generated resulting in 167.5 million
clean reads after removal of adaptor sequences and low quality reads. About 91.67% (153.6 million reads)
were mapped successfully to the bovine genome reference genome assembly UMD3.1
(ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ genomes/ Bos_taurus) on top of the Ensembl reference annotation, release
66, (ftp://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release- 66/gtf/bos_taurus). From this study, we obtained 440 lncRNAs
involved in various immunoregulatory pathways, of which 63 were novel. In conclusion, our study
provides further depth for the importance and involvement of various lncRNAs in immune response
against infecting pathogens.

Keywords: Long Non Coding RNA, Bacterial Infection, Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: drtajamulmumtaz@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

43
Low Cost Automation of Irrigation in Agriculture
G. M. Mir£, Altaf Ahmad Balkhi, N. A. Lala, N. A. Sofi
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1048

Abstract

The cultivation of Agricultural produce depends upon many factors out of which Irrigation is also the
important one. The irrigation process can be manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic depending upon
the requirement and importance of crop. Manual irrigation management can never be accurate and may
lead to either stress in dry conditions or fungal growth in high wet conditions. So maintaining adequate
application of water to plants is prerequisite for high yield. Semi-automatic system will require the
knowledge about minimum and maximum water requirement limits, so that water application scheduling
can be devised properly possibly using 555 timer and other peripheral devices. The fully automatic
irrigation system is obtained by getting a feedback signal from the sensor placed in filed which then
accordingly activated the motorized irrigation system for proper irrigation on automatic basis. The simple
design is achieved by operating a transistor based system to operate a relay which finally operates a motor
for pumping water to the field. The sensor can be introduced in between base and emitter of a PNP
transistor (heat sink based). The sensor can act as a variable resistance in relation to the soil moisture
content. Lower the moisture higher is the resistance and vice versa. This will eventually increase or
decrease the potential at the base of transistor which will finally operate the transistor as per our desire.
The system is calibrated by another variable resistor placed in series with sensor.

Keywords: Solar Dryer, Automatic, Irrigation, Polyhouse, Sensors, Crop.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419076882.
E-mail Address: altaf_ae@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

44
Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Post-Archean
Metasedimentary Rocks of Bomdila Group, Arunachal
Pradesh, NE Lesser Himalaya
Shamshad Ahmad£, Naqeebul Islam
Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-483

Abstract

From the last many decades, the investigations on Earth’s crust have attained vital importance because
geoscientists were interested to better understand the crust on which we live. Geochemical approaches
make this task easy because it is believed that the composition of long continental crust appears to be
very different from that of the crust today. In order to document the composition and evolution of the
Precambrian crust from the NE Lesser Himalaya from where much less information is available,
Paleoproterozoic (1900 + 100 Ma) metasedimentary rocks and granites from the Bomdila Group,
Arunachal Pradesh were meticulously examined. The integrated approach included field studies,
petrography and major and trace element geochemistry indicate that the metasediments of Bomdila
Group are felsic in composition and may have been derived from a granitic source, which may have
undergone moderate to intense chemical weathering. The associated basement granites, on the basis of
field and mineralogy, consists of two types of magmatic phases; porphyritic gneisses containing biotite
and muscovite without tourmaline (referred as two-mica granites) and a weakly to non-foliated
leucogranite having abundant tourmaline (referred as tourmaline granite). The geochemical signatures
such as high peraluminosity (A/CNK >1.1), S-type nature, normative corundum, presence of
metasedimentary enclaves, enrichment in incompatible elements and depletion in high field strength
elements (HFSE) and their respective ratios (such as Zr/Sc, Ti/Zr, Th/Sc) suggest that both suites are
derived from a pelitic source, similar to that of the associated metasediments. This study further suggests
the unroofing of felsic material which has supplied detritus to the Bomdila basin, thus establishing the
felsic composition of the Precambrian crust in the region.

Keywords: Precambrian, Bomdila Group, NE Lesser Himalaya, Geochemistry, Metasediments, Granites.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8877490045.
E-mail Address: shamshad.geology@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

45
Marker Based Screening of Rice Genotypes for Fertility
Restoration Genes
Asma Majid£, Ghulam Ahmad Parray, Najeeb Rehman Sofi, Asif Bashir Shikari,
Showkat Ahmad Waza, Shazia Gulzar
Genetics & Plant Breeding ,SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1427

Abstract

About half of the world’s population and two third of Indians depends on rice for their survival. Rice being
the main staple food of Kashmir valley, the major focus is on enhancement of yield to meet the food
requirements of ever growing population. Exploitation of heterosis in the form of hybrid rice technology
can serve as the major approach to increase productivity in this crop. Identification of potential restorers
acts as the main limiting factor for hybrid development in the Kashmir valley. Marker based evaluation
for Rf3 and Rf4 fertility restoration can be employed to enhance the selection of restorer lines. In the
present study, 34 breeding lines were screened with the help of molecular markers linked to Rf3 and Rf4
genes. The SSR marker RM6100 linked to Rf4 gene on chromosome 10 and DDRM-RF3-10 linked to Rf3
gene on chromosome 1 were used for identifying restorer lines. SKUA-494, PS-3, RL-2, RL-5, RL-6, RL-7,
RL-8, RL-9, RL-10, RL-11 and RL-14 germplasm lines revealed the presence of both Rf3 and Rf4 genes. These
lines amplified fertility restorer specific alleles for both the genes and may serve as potential restorers for
obtaining heterotic rice hybrids. These markers evaluated can serve as useful tools for screening large
number of breeding lines to know about their fertility restoration behaviour in a short period of time.

Keywords: Hybrid Rice, Restorer Lines, Rf3, Rf4, Temperate Conditions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803570083.
E-mail Address: asmamajid173@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

46
Mating Behavior of Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
(Diptera: Tephritidae) on a Field-Caged Host Tree
Sajad Mir£, Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
Division of Entomology FOA, Wadura Campus, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-316

Abstract

Mating behavior of wild oriental fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) was observed in a field cage. As a
potential engagement site, a host tree (Peach tree) with 100 leaves and 20 attached host fruits were placed
in the cage. When the light intensity decreased toward dusk, males stationed themselves on the bottom
surface of leaves and formed a lek. Several significant characteristics of oriental fly mating behavior was
obtained in the field cage study: (1) Mating behavior was commenced principally on the tree leaves
(bottom surface), with lesser amount on the cage wall; (2) Very few males were traced on the fruit and no
matings were initiated there;(3) Experimental observations strongly suggested the presence of lek
formation on tree leaves by the males. The present findings shed light on the mating behavior of B. dorsalis
in the field; this knowledge will facilitate development of better management strategies, with particular
emphasis on expansion of sterile insect technique against this tephritid fly.

Keywords: Reproduction, Courtship Behavior, Bactrocera Dorsalis, Prunus Persica.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006036961.
E-mail Address: sajadento@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

47
Modelling and Forecasting of Sunn Hemp in India
Bhagyashree Dhekale£, Pradeep Mishra, Nageena Nazir, S. A. Mir
Division of Agricultural Statistics, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India.
JKSC-1188

Abstract

Sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is most important distinctly named fibers of India. Present study
describes the past and future trend of production and productivity of sun hemp in India. The area of sun
hemp has been decreased due to expansion of area of rice in India, so past research efforts have shown
that the soft, lignified fibers produced in the stem of sun hemp could be utilized in the manufacturing of
pulp and paper, and more recent efforts have indicated that other potential products can be developed
from these fibers including newsprint, speciallity papers, and as a component of commercial nursery
potting media. From the forecast values obtained the regression model, it can be said that forecasted area
will increases to some extent in future i.e. In 2011 area of Sun hemp was 21.20 million ha. Up to the year
2020 it will be 4.5 million ha. In case of yield of Sun hemp, the ARIMA (1, 1, 5) model is best fitted., it can
be said that forecasted yield will increases to some extent in future i.e. In 2011 yield of Sun hemp was 658
kg/ha. Up to the year 2021 it will be 658.25 kg/ha.

Keywords: ARIMA, Forecast yield, Sunhemp, Trend.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006452505.
E-mail Address: bhagyashreedhekale@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

48
Molecular Characterization of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
isolates DH8 and its application on pest management
Aasha Rana£, Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Ashok Kumar Chaubey
Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India.
JKSC-1014

Abstract

Insects cause huge losses agriculture and are competitors to humans in respect of food and fibres. These
insects are controlled by using chemical pesticides which on one hand boost productivity but
consequently cause environmental consequences and health hazards. In view of this, a survey was
conducted for isolating Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes, in agricultural fields of district
Muzaffernager of Uttar Pradesh, India which serve as good control agents. During investigation, two
Heterorhabditis nematodes labelled as DH7 and DH8 were recovered by Galleria-baiting technique. The
nematodes were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora based on morphology, morphometry and
molecular analyses. The study presents the first report of this species from Western Uttar Pradesh. The
morphology and morphometry was close to the topotype population of H. bacteriophora, although little
divergence was observed. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rRNA and flanking regions (D2D3
domain) of partial sequence of 28S gene, confirmed that the present isolates showed 100 percent similarity
with the original sequences of H. bacteriophora. The same was also revealed by the pairwise distances and
nucleotide analysis. The present isolates were tested for their efficacy against the polyphagous pest,
Helicoverpa armigera which causes great losses to agriculture every year. The tests were carried in lab
conditions using four different concentrations viz. 25, 50, 100 and 200 IJs/Larva. The strains showed good
pathogenicity against the tested insect and were capable to cause complete mortality within 36 hours after
infection. Both the isolates also showed good reproductive potential in the larvae of tested insect. The
strains being indigenous can utilised for controlling the pests.

Keywords: Steinernematid, Heterorhabditid, Flanking Regions, Helicoverpa Armigera.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7409358369.
E-mail Address: aasha.aasharana@ymail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

49
Nematode Community Structure as Bio-Indicator of Soil
Quality in Agroecosystems Near Yamuna River
Shikha Ahalavat£, Ashok Kumar Chaubey
Department of Zoology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India.
JKSC-923

Abstract

The growing problem of water scarcity has significant negative influence on economic development,
human livelihoods and environmental quality throughout the world. Rapid urbanization and
industrialization releases enormous volumes of wastewater, which is increasingly utilized as a valuable
resource for irrigation in urban and peri-urban agriculture. These waters are important source of irrigation
in rural economies like India where costs of underground bore wells are very high and difficult to manage
for small and marginal farmers. Continuous irrigation of agricultural land with sewage and industrial
wastewater may cause heavy metal accumulation in the soil and vegetables. The nematode community
has been used as a bio-indicator to reflect environmental changes. Various workers throughout the world
have studied effects of heavy metals on nematode communities in agro-ecosystems. But largely, the effects
of wastewater irrigation in agro-ecosystems have not been studied in India so far. A survey of Yamuna
river area in Delhi-Haryana region was conducted to study the community structure of the soil inhabiting
nematodes associated with agricultural fields irrigated with wastewater and freshwater near Yamuna. A
total of 35 genera belonging to 8 orders and 23 families were recorded. In terms of abundance, order
Tylenchida was most abundant while in terms of number of genera, order Rhabditida was most frequent.
Overall Basiria was the most abundant among all the nematode genera. Its high abundance was reported
where the concentrations of heavy metals were high. The presence or absence of nematode genera at a
particular site seems to be influenced by heavy metal concentration. The value of MI was high in
freshwater irrigated fields (MI 1.55) as compared to wastewater irrigated fields (MI 1.33). It clearly indicates
that wastewater irrigated fields are highly polluted as compared to freshwater irrigated fields.

Keywords: Nematode Community, Bio-indicator, Agroecosystem, Maturity index.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8439659175.
E-mail Address: shikhaahlawat81@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

50
New Approaches to Biodiversity Assessment and
Conservation
Aatifa Rasool£, K. M. Bhat, Shafia Zaffar
Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1328

Abstract

The maintenance of genetic diversity in apple is important for its adaptability in light of the changing
environments as it provides the raw material for developing new cultivars via hybridization or selection.
In recent years a number of apple genetic resource work regarding evaluation, conservation, and
utilization programmes have been initiated in different countries.We examined the genetic diversity,
relatedness and distinctness among various apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars. The goal of this
study was to characterize 40 apple accessions (Malus x domestica Borkh) based on morphological
evaluation. The 40 apple cultivars under this study, were divided into four groups viz., released, newly
introduced, old varieties and scab resistant selections. Morphological characterization was performed
using 33 fruit traits. Using cluster analysis the cultivars were divided into 7 clusters, G1, G2, G3,
G5,G8,G12,G13,G14,G16,G17,G21, G23, G26,G27, G39,G32,G37, G38 and G39 fell in cluster1 while G7,G9 and
G36 formed three different clusters.

Keywords: Diversity, Characterization,Cluster,Hybridization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493944532.
E-mail Address: atifaw04@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

51
Per Se Performance of Vegetable Amaranth under Temperate
conditions of Kashmir Valley
Labiba Riyaz Shah£, Baseerat Afroza, S. H Khan, Ambreen Nabi, Ummaiyah H.
Masoodi, Mehraj-u-din Shah, Mudasir A. Magray
Divison of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-905

Abstract

A study was carried out at Urban Technology Park, Habbak, Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-K to
ascertain the mean performance of Vegetable Amaranth genotypes during kharief 2016. Twenty-seven
diverse genotypes collected from different agro-climatic regions of the country were evaluated for various
quantitative traits viz., days to germination, plant height (cm), stem thickness (mm), number of branches
per plant, number of leaves plant, leaf length (cm), leaf area (cm2), petiole length (cm), number of days to
50% flowering, inflorescence length (cm), lateral spikelet length (cm), 1000 seed weight (g), leaf yield
plant-1 (g) and leaf yield ha-1 (q). Wide range was observed for most of the traits under study. On the basis
of mean performance SKAU-A-7 recorded the highest leaf yield plant-1 (53.82 g) followed by SKAU-A-21
(49.32 g), SKAU-A-4 (29.72 g), SKAU-A-14 (28.95 g) and SKAU-A-20 (27.40 g) while SKAU-A-17 recorded
lowest yield of 6.44 g followed by SKAU-A-27 (10.54 g), SKAU-A-23 (13.54 g), SKAU-A-1 (13.89 g) and SKAU-
A-26 (14.24 g).

Keywords: Performance, Vegetable Amaranth, Range.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797912628.
E-mail Address: labibariyaz@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

52
Phytochemical Analysis of Eriobotrya japonica, an
Underutilized Fruit from Kashmir Region for Better
Management of Diabetes
Imtiyaz Murtaza£, Omi Laila
Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-634

Abstract

Eriobotrya japonica, commonly known as Loquat, is an underutilized fruit in the Kashmir region. The
loquat is believed to be highly nutritious and quite health beneficial, however, this fruit is highly
unexplored. Therefore, in the current study, ten ecotypes of Eriobotrya japonica, were collected from
different districts of Kashmir region and investigated. The aim of the current investigation was to profile
these different Eriobotrya japonica ecotypes for their various nutrients and specific phytochemicals,
different bioactivities and correlate their presence with the antidiabetic potential of this fruit so as to
recommend it as a potential antidiabetic agent for better management of diabetes. Our results revealed
that these Eriobotrya japonica ecotypes are quite rich nutritionally and a good source of total phenols,
total flavonoids and some specific phytochemicals (including kaemferol, quercetin), Further, these
Eriobotrya japonica ecotypes exhibited a much higher phenolic linked antioxidant potential as well as
potent antihyperglycemic activities (via inhibiting the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism
(including α- amylase, α-glucosidase and invertase) under in vitro conditions with a significant positive
correlation with their metabolite content, thereby, creating a valuable approach for amelioration of
diabetes to a greater extent. Therefore, the present study clearly reveals a clear interrelationship between
the metabolite profile and the in vitro antidiabetic potential of Eriobotrya japonica ecotypes, however,
Only a thorough and full-fledged in vivo and clinical study can rationalise their use in therapeutic use for
treatment of diabetes.

Keywords: Antidiabetic, Eriobotrya japonica , Underutilised, Antioxidant.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858705068.
E-mail Address: imz_murtaza@hotmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

53
Promising Clonal Rootstocks for Apple
Nazir Ahmad Ganai£1, Khalid Rasool Dar1, Angrej Ali1, Zahoor Ahmed Rather2
1
Division of Horticulture FOA Wadura ,SKUAST Kashmir, India.
2
KVK,Kupwara, SKUAST Kashmir, India .
JKSC-929

Abstract

Rootstock the lower portion of graft union of the composite tree is one of the most important components
in apple production. All the successful rootstocks either seedling or clonal are of genus Malus. Earlier crab
seedlings (M. baccata) were extensively used for raising rootstocks in apple. Some of the Asiatic species
are apomictic and bred true even when pollinated by other species. M. hupehensis. M. toringoides,
M.sargenti and M. sikkimensis are apomictic and are of great value in controlling tree growth and age of
fruiting. Over the last century there has been a worldwide trend of using clonal rootstocks. Since clonal
rootstocks impart desirable characters such as dwarfing and precocity to scion cultivar. These clonal
rootstocks are multiplied by stooling, trench layering, cutting and by micro-propagation. In 1912, East
Malling Research Station in England selected and developed series of sixteen apple rootstocks which were
named as Malling stock (M). Some of these rootstocks are dwarfing while others are semi-dwarfing to
vigorous. All the rootstocks are easily propagated by stooling. M9 is the most widely used dwarfing
rootstock for apple cultivation which originated as a chance seedling. M27 is the ultra-dwarfing rootstock
which originated as a across between M9 and M13. M2, M7 and M26 are semi-dwarfing rootstocks while
as M12, M16 and M25 are vigorous rootstocks. However, these rootstocks are susceptible to woolly aphid.
Malling “Merton rootstocks (MM) were bred in 1928 by John Innes Horticultural Institute and East Malling
Research Station to overcome the problem of woolly aphid by using Northern Spy a cultivar known to be
woolly apple aphid resistant. The widely used rootstocks among these are MM106 and MM111 and the trees
produced on these rootstocks are semi dwarfing similar to those on M7 and M2 respectively. The tree on
MM111 is somewhat tolerant to draught and is a promising rootstock for rain fed areas.

Keywords: Malling, Apple, Rootstock, Clonal, Stooling.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419955635.
E-mail Address: drnazirpom@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

54
Quantitative Assessment of Soil Quality Index Under
Different Tillage Systems in Temperate Himalayas
Shazia Ramzan£, Mushtaq Ahmad Wani, Pervez Ahmad
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-397

Abstract

Soil is an integral component of our environment and Soil quality indices (SQI) have been proposed in
recent years as tool for assessing soil management practice effects on soil quality including tillage.
Sustainable management practice could be selected based on soil quality evaluation. Our objective was to
develop the soil quality index and evaluating the soil quality indicators under different tillage systems in
Temperate Himalayan-India. The experimental site was research station of SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar.
The field was no-tilled for last 18 years. Composite soil samples were taken from the study area from three
tillage systems which include no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). Three
main soil functions were determined: soil capacity for root development (RD), water storage capacity of
the soil (WS) and nutrient supply capacity of the soil (NS). Contribution of soil capacity for root
development was highest in RT while as water storage capacity of the soil (WS) and nutrient supply
capacity of the soil (NS) was maximum in RT. Of the 31 soil quality parameters considered for study,
organic carbon (OC), mean weight diameter (MWD), bulk density (BD), soil porosity and water holding
capacity (WHC) were designated as key indicators of soil quality. Across the treatments RT (0.86)
recorded highest soil quality rating fallowed by CT (0.74) and least in NT (0.69), indicating RT as most
suitable management for this site since it conserves soil quality.

Keywords: Soil Quality Index, Tillage Systems, Scoring, Principal Component Analysis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622591110.
E-mail Address: shaziyaramzan@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

55
Response of Onion to Different Sources and Levels of Sulphur
Mushtaq Ahmed Chattoo£, Angrez Ali, Kouser Parveen Wani, Mehrajudin Shah,
Shahnaz Mufti, Tariq Ahmed Bhat, F. Mushtaq
Division of Vegetable Science, FOA, Wadura, SKUAST Kashmir, India.
JKSC-811

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2012, 2013 and 2014 at Faculty of Agriculture and Regional
Research station; Wadura Sopore to study the response of Onion to different Sources and levels of Sulphur
on growth, yield and quality. Two sources of Sulphur; S1 (Gypsum) and S2 (Elemental Sulphur) were tried
with four levels; viz., L1 (No Sulphur), L2 (15 kg Sulphur ha-1), L3 (30kg Sulphur ha-1) and L4 (45kg
Sulphur ha-1) in factorial RBD design with three replications in plots of 3.00 x 2.00 m. size with a spacing
of 15 x 10 cm. on variety Yellow Globe. The results revealed that both sources and levels exhibited a
significant influence on most of the characters under study and Gypsum proved superior to elemental
Sulphur. Among levels L4 (45kg Sulphur ha-1) recorded maximum values for most of the characters.
Gypsum recorded a marketable bulb yield of 384.93 q ha-1 which was 8.08 % more than the yield recorded
with elemental Sulphur. Sulphur @45kg ha-1 registered a marketable yield of 409.42 q ha-1 which was
significantly superior over rest of levels. Quality parameters like TSS and Pyruvic acid exhibited an
improvement with application of Sulphur, recording maximum values of 11.55% and 6.86 umolg-1
respectively with L4 level (Sulphur @45kg ha-1). Treatment combination S1 L4 registered minimum
storage loss of 21.68%.

Keywords: Onion, Sulphur, Gypsum, Elemental Sulphur, Yellow Globe, Quality.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419011103.
E-mail Address: mushtaq.faheema@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

56
Role of Women in Vegetable Production in Kashmir
Gazala Nazir£1, Zahoor Ahmad Rather2, Nageena Nazir3
1,2
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Ganderbal SKUAST-K, India.
3
Division of Agricultural Statistics, SKUAST-K Shalimar, India.
JKSC-801

Abstract

The present study was carried out to find role of women in vegetable production in selected villages of
district Ganderbal for poverty alleviation and equitable development and to raise income level of farm
women. The study was conducted in four villages i,e Lar , Nunner , Batwina and Badampora of district
Ganderbal, Kashmir during 2013 to 2015. Main target groups were women. Out of four villages eight female
farmers were selected. Intensive study during 2013-14 and 2014-2015 showed majority of women were in
age group of 25 to 45, 14% were educated, 86% had very small land holding, 47.5% females had no
monetary support through male members, 100% farm holders had only low cost poly houses, 80.7%
growers were growing vegetable as inter-crop in orchards.Major constraints were lack of initial capital,
non-availability of hybrid seed , lack of market , lack of processing facilities and non-judicious use of
pesticides.

Keywords: Organic Vegetable Production, Role Of Women, Equitable Development, Hybrid Seed, Processing
Facilities, Pesticides.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906582754.
E-mail Address: gazalanazir6@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

57
Rootstock Effect and Horticultural Characteristics on
Seasonal Nutrient Dynamics in Some Exotic Apple Cultivars
Javeed Ahmad Rather£, Fayaz Ahmad Misgar, N. Ahmed, Aarifa Jan
SKUAST- K, Shalimar, India.
JKSC-1203

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine seasonal variations of leaf nutrient concentrations to define nutrient
needs related to growing period and compare rootstocks in terms of nutrient uptake. Leaf nutrient
concentrations during growth period indicate that early maturing cultivars viz, Vista Bella and Mollies
Delicious recorded increase in nutrient content upto 30th of June, thereafter the trend decreased, while
as the mid-season cultivars like Starkrimson and Cooper IV observed a similar trend upto 15th of July and
decreased thereafter. The seasonal variation of nutrients in leaves indicate stability period of various
nutrients like N, P, Ca, Zn, Mg, B and Fe in early maturing cultivars like Vista Bella and Mollies Delicious
from 15th of June to 15th of July, while as in mid-season cultivars Starkrimson and Cooper IV the stability
in nutrient concentration was recorded from 30th June to 30th of July indicating appropriate leaf sampling
period for these exotic cultivars as against the sampling time of existing cultivars which is from mid-July
to mid-August under similar conditions. The exotic cultivars like Vista Bella on MM106 recorded highest
leaf N (2.37, 2.38%) P (0.21, 0.20%), Zn (37.4, 34.8 ppm), B (44.07, 45.30 ppm) and Fe (83.6, 114.2 ppm).
Mollies Delicious on MM106 recorded maximum Ca (1.65, 1.67%), N (2.36, 2.39%) and Cu (12.3, 14.5 ppm)
content and highest K content (1.54, 1.55%) recorded in Starkrimson on both rootstocks. However, the
maximum Mg content (0.30, 0.30%) and Cu (11.3, 9.2 ppm) was observed in Cooper IV on both rootstocks.
Similarly, lower concentration of N (1.72, 1.67%), P (0.16, 0.15%), and B (39.8, 37.3 ppm) recorded in Cooper
IV, while the minimum Zinc content (24.7, 29.1 ppm) was observed in Mollies Delicious and minimum Mg
nutrient content (0.25, 0.27%) recorded in Vista Bella. MM106 rootstock recorded significantly higher
yield of 20.19 kg/tree compared to 18.65 kg/tree on M9 rootstock. Yield efficiency was significantly higher
(0.24 kgs/cm-2) on M9 rootstock as compared to (0.21 kgs/cm-2) on MM106 rootstock because the yield
efficiency is production per unit growth. Among cultivars Vista Bella had maximum yield efficiency (0.32
kgs/cm-2) and Cooper-IV lowest (0.17 kgs/cm-2).

Keywords: Apple Cultivars, Rootstocks, Seasonal Variation, Leaf Nutrients.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622572742.
E-mail Address: javeedhorti@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

58
S Allelic Variation for Self Incompatibility Studies in Almond
(Prunus amgydulis Dulcis.)
Aarifa Jan£1, Reiaz Ul Rehman2, Asif B. Shikari3, K.M. Bhat4, J. I. Mir5
1,2
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, India.
3
Division of Biotechnology , Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Kashmir, Shalimar, India.
4
Division of Fruit Science , Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Kashmir, Shalimar, India.
5
ICAR- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-284

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of identification of S alleles in almond
associated with self-incompatibility at molecular level. Six sets of primers including three pairs of
degenerate primers, one pair of general incompatibility primers, one pair of self-specific primer and one
set of multiples primers were used to study s allelic variation in nine almond varieties. The six set of
primers amplified a very diverse range of incompatibility alleles in the nine varieties under study. The
allele sizes amplified by different primers ranged from 350-450, 250 to 1700 and 600 to 1000 bp in first,
second intron and general S allele primers respectively. Primers used in this study were able to identify 54
alleles in nine almond varieties. The varieties that had most self-incompatible alleles were (S1) in six
genotypes and (S10, S7, S16, S17 and S27) in four genotypes. The alleles amplified among nine varieties of
almond using five primers were used to make dendrogram for comparing genetic distances. The cluster
analysis showed that varieties in which common S alleles were amplified were grouped in same clusters.
The lowest genetic distance 0.4 was observed between Non Pariel and IXL, whereas the highest distance
was recorded between Pranyaj and California Paper Shell. S allele identification is important for designing
crosses and for choosing parents for breeding self-compatible cultivars suitable for monoculture orchards
which reduces the need for pollinators and pollinizers.

Keywords: Almond, Degenerate Primers, PCR, Self Incompatibility, S Alleles.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419010511.
E-mail Address: aarifa711@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

59
Scenario of Crop Production in Temperate and Cold Arid
Region with Respect to Climate Change
Latief Ahmad£, Raihana Kanth, Sabah Parvaze
SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-823

Abstract

Agriculture and forestry will be particularly sensitive to changes in mean climate and climate variability.
Climate change will definitely impact agriculture and agricultural productivity especially with the
introduction of new crop species and varieties, higher crop production and expansion of suitable areas for
crop cultivation. However, this may be accompanied by a rise in need for plant protection, risk of nutrient
leaching and accelerated breakdown of soil organic matter. The rise in carbon-dioxide level may result in
increased water use efficiency, which will recompense for some of the adverse effects of increasing water
constraint and extreme weather events. This on the other hand will also lead to low harvest yields, higher
variation in yield and reduction in areas suitable for growing traditional crops. In Kashmir Valley, the
increased precipitation is expected to be large enough to compensate for the increased
evapotranspiration. On the other hand, increased precipitation, cloudiness and rain days and the reduced
duration of snow cover and soil frost may negatively affect the agricultural production.

Keywords: Climate Change, Temperate Region, Crop Production.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419949355.
E-mail Address: drlatief_skuastk@hotmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

60
Severity of Tuber Feeding Insect Pests of Potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) in Northern Districts of Kashmir Valley
Mohmmad Munib£, Arshad Abass
SKUAST Kashmir, India.
JKSC-221

Abstract

The investigations entitled Severity of tuber feeding insects pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in
northern districts of Kashmir Valley were undertaken at Baramulla, Kupwara and Bandipora districts for
two cropping seasons 2011 and 2012. Infestation percentage of below ground insect pests at Baramulla
districts revealed that white grub exhibits highest 19.00 and 17.77 per cent on number and weight basis,
respectively at Kunzer whereas, 9.00 and 8.59 per cent for wireworm and 8.00 and 8.54 per cent infested
tubers for earwig on number and weight basis, respectively at Pattan on white peeled tubers. For Kupwara
district 19.00 and 18.00 per cent; 20.00 and 21.17 per cent infested tubers were recorded due to white grub
and wireworm at Budnambal on number and weight basis, respectively. Whereas, for earwigs the highest
per cent infested tubers were 9.0 and 8.62 per cent at Yonus on both number and weight basis on white
peeled tubers. High tuber infestation percentage of 17.00 and 18.49 per cent was recorded at Ajas by white
grub on both number and weight basis followed by earwig with 11.00 and 9.65 per cent at Sumbal on
number and weight basis in Bandipora district. Further red peeled tubers were significantly resistant to
tuber feeders than white peeled tubers. Severity of tuber feeding insect pests range from 2.94 per cent at
Sumbal to 4.94 per cent at Ajas (Bandipora) for white grub; 1.08 per cent at Gurez (Bandipora) to 4.02 per
cent at Budnambal (Kupwara) for wireworm and 3.48 per cent at Handwara (Kupwara) to 5.28 per cent at
Sumbal (Bandipora) for earwig at all locations of northern Kashmir (Scale-1 tuber damage from 1-20 %).
However, earwig and wireworms were completely absent at Kunzer and Yarikha locations of Baramulla
district. Whereas, earwigs were also absent at Budnambal (Kupwara) and Gurez (Bandipora).

Keywords: Infestation, Severity, Tuber Feeding, Insect Pests, Potato.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797216616.
E-mail Address: mohmmadmunib@yahoo.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

61
Strengthening Crop Economy: SKUAST-Kashmir on Way to
Double Income of Farmers in Kashmir Valley
Sajad Hassan Baba£1, Gowhar Ali2
1
School of Agricultural Economics & Horti-Business Management, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
2
National Seed Project, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.

JKSC-1108

Abstract

Despite the fact that rice is a priority crop in J&K, major proportion of area is still under land races. Rising
demand for rice among all sections of the economy emphasized upon enhancement of production from
resources at our command. SKUAST-K has been putting in efforts to reach the target of doubling farming
income even before 2022 in all the specialized farming system. SKUAST-K along with other R&D
institutions has been developing rice seed technologies to replace land races for yield gains. There has
been widespread dissemination of these technologies which made it imperative to analyze the role of
important S&T interventions in rice cultivation in livelihood security at all the agro-ecologies of Kashmir
Valley. The study assessed how technological breakthrough in rice has not only raised the morale of rice
farmers but it has increased their net income by manifolds. The impact of viable rice seed technologies
including recently purified aromatic land race Mushk budji on livelihood security of farming community
indicated their significant role. This study perused primary data collected from sample respondents
selected by employing multi-stage sampling procedure. Besides regression function of exponential form,
CARE livelihood frame work with little modifications was employed to analyze the data. The results
revealed that rice finds its importance in the cropping pattern owing to availability of suitable
environment in the study area. The adopters of rice seed technologies under all the agro-ecologies of rice
have not only cultivate these varieties but also have put its cultivation on scientific lines. The adopters
were found to incur more costs on inputs but the cost of production of rice technology was significantly
lower at their farms compared to non-adopters. The figures for per rupee returns to variable costs were
higher for adopters than non-adopters. Not only this, adoption of rice seed technology not only increases
their incomes levels but also played an important role in securing their livelihood. The estimates of
exponential function indicated significant role of all five specified capital variables in securing livelihood
and technology adoption index was one of the significant factor determining livelihood security in the
area. The study emphasized on the evolution of suitable institutional mechanism for prompt Seed
Replacement Rates, participatory seed production, encouragement of informal seed sector, dissemination
of technologies, in addition to few other policy suggestions to encourage adoption technologies for
sustaining income growing among farming community and securing their livelihood in the valley.

Keywords: Rice, Seed Technologies, Doubling Income, Livelihood Security.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796773073.
E-mail Address: drshbaba@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

62
Studies on Some Biochemical Parameters of Haemolymph of
Bivoltine Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. During Different
Rearing Seasons of Kashmir
Awquib Sabhat£1, Firdose Ahmad Malik2, M. A. Malik3
1
Govt. Degree College For Women’s, Anantnag, India.
2
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, SKUAST-K, Mirgund, India.
JKSC-1463

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to analyze the larval performance, economic characters and
biochemical aspects of eleven races of Bombyx mori L. such as SH6, SKAU-R-6, SKUAST-31, Dun6, Yakwei
and CSR5 (oval races) and NB4D2, SKAU-R-1, SKUAST-13, SKUAST-28 and CSR4 (constricted races) were
selected on the basis of their performance to seasons and cocoon productivity. The changes in the
biochemical composition of haemolymph reflect tissue specific changes at different developmental stages
in response to seasons. The changes in the levels of protein and free amino acids in the haemolymph of
all the races were observed during 4th moult, 5th instar larval developement. The levels of total protein
in the haemolymph, increased from first day of 5th instar till sixth day. The protein levels decreased on
seventh day in all the races. A sustained decrease in the haemolymph proteins was observed during the
pupal development in all the races. The levels of free amino acids, which were high during 4th moult,
declined through the 5th age of larval development till spinning. Among the oval races, the haemolymph
protein levels were found to be significantly higher in SKAU-R-6 followed by SKUAST-31, SH6, Dun6,
CSR5 and Yakwei, whereas, the larvae of SKAU-R-1 showed a relatively higher levels of protein followed
by NB4D2, SKUAST-28, CSR4 and SKUAST-13. The free amino acid levels decreased gradually from
prepupal stage but increased again towards the end of pupal period. The larvae during 4th moult recorded
highest levels of free amino acid in SKAU-R-6 followed by SH6, SKUAST-31, Dun6, CSR5 and Yakwei.
Among the constricted races, the larvae of SKAU-R-1 showed significantly higher levels of free amino acid
followed by SKUAST-28, NB4D2, SKUAST-13 and CSR4. Thus based on the performance in respect of
biochemical constituents of haemolymph, influence of seasons on biochemical aspects, economic
characters and genotype-environment interaction the present study herein recommends SKAU-R-1 and
NB4D2 in addition to SKAU-R-6, SH6, SKUAST-31 and SKUAST-28 as the most putative genotypes to be
reared during summer season under temperate conditions.

Keywords: Silkworm Races, Bombyx Mori, Seasons, Haemolymph, Biochemical Parameters.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596159837.
E-mail Address: sabahatfirdose@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

63
Submergence Effect on Micronutrients Availability in Basmati
Growing Soils of Jammu
Mansoor Ali£1, Ali Akbar2, Sharafat Hussain3
1
Division of Soil Science, SKUAST-K, India.
2
Division of Soil Science, SKUAST-J, India.
3
Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST- K, India.
JKSC-1551

Abstract

Micronutrients are not only important for better crop productivity, but also essential for sustaining human
and animal health. The World Health Organization estimates that globally two billion people are affected
by iron deficiency (WHO 2006). Among various factors, micronutrients deficiency continues to emerge
as a major concern for promoting any agricultural productivity including basmati rice of Jammu. The
availability of micronutrients is particularly sensitive to change in soil environment. The factors that affect
the content of such micronutrients in soil are organic matter, soil pH, electrical conductivity, cation
exchange capacity, sand, silt, and clay contents which has revealed from various research findings.
Flooding of rice fields causes major chemical changes in the soil system that affect the transformation and
availability of nutrients and vis-a -vis the growth of rice and subsequent crops. Flooded soils differ from
others in the control of acidity and alkalinity because the partial pressure of CO 2 in floodwater buffers
carbonate and lowers pH and in turn control the availability of micronutrients. Soils that are initially
acidic when flooded tend to equilibrate with the floodwater and become less acidic within a few days,
while those that are initially alkaline move towards neutrality, but more slowly. In view of the fact that
there is very scanty information available on the effect of submergence for availability of micronutrients
of interest with regard to basmati rice growing soils of Jammu. The present investigation was, therefore,
undertaken. Twenty different basmati growing soils were selected to study the available micronutrients
status of Jammu. The physico-chemical properties in terms of pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon,
cation exchange capacity and clay content of the soils in question varied from 5.36-8.84, 0.11-0.47, 0.53-
1.28, 3.38-28.02 and 27.7-48.8 with mean values of 6.60, 0.28 dSm-1, 0.74 %, 13.11 cmol (p+) kg-1 and 33.9 %
respectively. The initial DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn varied from 0.18-0.62, 0.85-4.99, 15.53-80.65 and
5.26-64.88 with mean values of 0.33, 2.43, 46.84 and 22.47 µg g-1 respectively. In a laboratory incubation
study soils were kept on submergence for a period of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The DTPA extractable Zn, Cu,
Fe and Mn varied on submergence differently. While the Fe and Mn increased 60-65 % and 200-251%
respectively significantly after 30 to 45 days, but the Zn and Cu decreased up to 34% and 74% respectively.
There were positive correlations between pH and Zn (r = 0.312) and Cu (r = 0.151). Mn showed negative
significant correlation with EC (r = -0.477*) while significant positive with clay (r = 0.521*). So during
Basmati rice cultivation management of Zn and Cu must be required. The multiple regression analysis
showed that variable of, 46.7% DTPA-Zn, 66.7% DTPA-Cu, 91.4% DTPA-Fe and 83.4% DTPA-Mn were
contributed by different soil physico-chemical properties.

Keywords: Micronutrients, Soils, Basmati, Jammu.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797307995.
E-mail Address: mansoorsoil86@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

64
The Cluster Size Quantification and Low Ambient
Temperature Relationships in Apis mellifera Honey Bee
Colonies During Winter Season in Kashmir, Himalaya
Shayista Yousuf£, Manzoor Ahmad Paray
RTCPPPM, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India.
JKSC-1186

Abstract

The study was conducted in Research and training center for Pollinators, Pollinisers and Pollination
Management, Division of Entomology, SKUAST- K, SHALIMAR. In this study the relationship between
cluster size and ambient temperature of Apis mellifera honey bee colonies during winter season were
investigated in Kashmir, Himalaya. Cluster volume and surface area were measured over a range of
ambient temperatures in three selected Apis mellifera colonies. The colonies were selected on the basis of
cluster volume and subjected to various winter management techniques particularly packaging of hives
to maintain the internal hive temperatures. The three selected colonies were subjected to three different
packaging materials to co-relate the effect of temperature and cluster size of honey bees. The overall study
conducted exhibits a direct effect of temperature on cluster size. Our results indicate that the honey bee
winter cluster expands and contracts in a predictable manner relative to changes in the ambient
temperature. This suggests that individual clusters are able to regulate heat loss from the cluster surface.
In addition, cluster volume and surface area continue to decrease as the ambient temperature decreases.
Moreover, colonies with large population do, therefore, exhibit a greater ability to maintain cluster core
temperatures as compared to colonies with small population. This indicates that colonies with large
population can sustain during winter season very well as compared to colony with small population. Since
bees within the cluster would not perceive changes in ambient temperature before those at the cluster
periphery had entered chill-coma. It is likely that the peripheral bees are largely responsible for
maintaining cluster homeothermy.

Keywords: Apis mellifera, Cluster Size, Ambient Temperature, Homeothermy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491810793.
E-mail Address: shayistayousuf806@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

65
TILLING and ECO-TILLING: A Reverse Genetic Approach for
Crop Improvement
Azra Khan£, Ishfaq Abidi , Z. A. Dar
FOA, RRS Wadura SKUAST-K Sopore, India.
JKSC-1291

Abstract

Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genome (TILLING) is a general reverse technique that combines
chemical mutagenesis with PCR based screening to identity point mutations in regions of interest
(McCallum et al., 2000). The strategy works with a mismatch-specific endonuclease to detect induced or
natural DNA polymorphisms in gene of interest. The main principles of TILLING include making EMS-
mutagenized population, targeting gene of interest with PCR primers and searching rare mutants among
many individuals. A study based on applying TILLING to elucidate gene function in a chemically induced
sorghum mutant population showed that total of five mutants were detected for four gene targets
(Zhanguo et al., 2008). A year wise analysis of TILLING approach on various crops was made by (Rashid
et.al., 2011). In Arabidopsis, a protocol depicting the TILLING strategy was proposed by (Lightner
et.al.,1998). High throughput TILLING was demonstrated applicable to maize, with a large genome but
with limited genetic resources currently available (Bradley J Till et al.,2004). This study also concluded
public TILLING service for maize, modelled on the existing Arabidopsis TILLING Project. The basic
applications of ECO-TILLING include mapping, association analysis, mutation profiling and biodiversity.
The main advantage of TILLING is its ability in determining the spectrum of variation and for genetic
mapping based on linkage association analysis. The technique is a however cost effective too. One of the
basic disadvantages of TILLING is the low rate of induction of mutation and requirement of skilful labours.

Keywords: TILLING, ECO-TILLING, Mutagenesis, DNA Polymorphism, Induced.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803822320.
E-mail Address: khanazra2222@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

66
Transcriptomics for Identification of Differentially Expressed
Genes Related to Nutritional Traits in Common Bean from
North Western Himalays of State Jammu and Kashmir
Irshad Ahmad Rather£, Sofora Jan, Reyazul Rouf Mir, Asma Hamid, Mohd. Ashraf
Bhat
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (Foa), SKUAST- Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore, India.
JKSC-1410

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is considered as one of the principle grain legume crop grown in
north western Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). It is called as poor’s man meat as a cheap
source of protein and designated as a nearly perfect food as it contains balanced mix of proteins,
carbohydrates, has low glyceamic index and sufficient quantities of antioxidants. It is considered as
nutritional powerhouse crop in view of its nutritional importance for human beings. Transcriptomics for
identification of deferentially expressed genes pertaining to the nutritional status in common bean is one
of the important subject areas of research. Efforts have been made during the present study to collect and
characterize common bean land races from different hotspots in Jammu and Kashmir and a set of 130 local
land races have been collected from different hotspots of J&K. The local land races have been evaluated in
the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura during the year 2017-2018 and data has been collected
for different morphological traits. The preliminary analysis of data showed wide variation in different
morphological traits and best 60 lines have been selected and evaluated in the farm and six micro nutrients
(Magnesium, Potassium, Iron, Zinc, Copper and Calcium) have been analysed. The RNA isolation from
the two candidate lines with high iron: zinc content and low iron: zinc content has been done and RNA
sequencing of candidate lines shall be done in the month of July 2017 for identification of deferentially
expressed genes for nutrient content.

Keywords: Common Bean, Transcriptomics, RNA Sequencing, Micro Nutrients.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006410953.
E-mail Address: ratherirshad@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

67
Trichoderma Based Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles,
their Characterization and Antifungal Activity
Shazia Parveen£, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, Shauket Ahmed Pala,
Jahangir Abdullah Koka
Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-870

Abstract

Nanomaterials in the last few decades have attracted much attention due to their unique size dependent
properties and applications. Nanoparticles have been found to have great potential in the management of
different human and plant diseases. They have great antimicrobial properties and are stable under harsh
process conditions. The use of nanoparticles as antifungal and antibacterial agents, have been considered
as alternate, cost effective and ecofriendly management strategy for control of plant pathogenic microbes.
In this backdrop, AgO nanoparticles with particle size 10-20 nm were prepared by biosynthetic process
using Trichoderma harzianum. T. harzianum act as reducing and stabilizing agent for the fabrication of
nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-analysis (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy
(TEM). The prepared silver oxide nanoparticles were also evaluated for their antifungal activity against
fruit rot fungi, viz. Trichothecium roseum, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Alternaria
alternata and Aspergillus niger. The antifungal activity was observed as inhibition in spore germination
and by determining the zone of inhibition of fungal pathogens caused by different concentrations of AgO
nanoparticles on culture media. It was revealed that AgO nanoparticles showed promising antifungal
activities against tested fruit rot fungal pathogens. Highest inhibition in spore germination was recorded
against T. roseum and C. herbarum. Highest zone of inhibition was found against A. niger and P.
chrysogenum. The MIC value of AgO NP varies between 0.125 -0.032 mg/ml with the lowest MIC value for
P. chrysogenum and A. niger, hence more effective against these fungal pathogens.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Trichoderma harzianum, Antifungal Activity, Inhibition Zone, Spore Germination, MIC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803968300.
E-mail Address: shahshazia442@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

68
Understanding Common Bean Domestication and QTLs/Gene
Discovery for Key Nutritional Traits & Anthracnose
Resistance in Common bean from North-Western Himalayas
Reyazul Rouf Mir£, Neeraj Choudhary, Vanya Bawa, Mahindar Thudi, Anu
Chitikineni, Rajeev K. Varshney, Bikram Singh, Moni Gupta, Parvaze Sofi, Mohd
Ashraf Bhat
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agri., SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore, India.
JKSC-1517

Abstract

Common bean is one of the most important grain legume crops grown worldwide. The hilly regions of the
state J&K are famous for producing high quality, tasty and highly flavoured beans. In order to characterise
this huge diversity and trace the origin of common bean available in state Jammu and Kashmir, systematic
efforts were made for the first time in collection, evaluation and characterization using Phaseolin locus
(Phs) assays and sequencing of Internal Transcriber Sapcer (ITS) region. A set of 429 common bean lines
were initially collected/procured and based on clustering analysis, a diverse set of 96 lines was selected.
The PCR assay for phaseolin locus led to the characterization of 96 lines into Meso-american and Andean
types. The core set of 96 lines was genotyped using genome-wide 91 SSR markers and by genotyping-by-
sequencing (GBS) approach. The genotypic data thus generated was used with trait data for Anthracnose
resistance, nutritional traits like seed Zn, Fe, protein content, starch content, phenol content and soluble
sugars. Study of population structure revealed two sub-populations in our core set conferring to two gene
pools i.e. Mesoamerica and Andes. The information of population structure matrix, trait phenotypic data
and marker genotypic data was together used in software program TASSEL and significant/major/stable
marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified. The significant and major MTAs identified during the
present study will prove useful for enhancing nutritional quality in local common bean landraces of J&K.

Keywords: Common Bean, Nutritional Traits, SSR Markers, Association Mapping, Marker Trait Associations (Mtas),
Qtls/Genes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: imrouf2006@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

69
Utilization of by-Product viz Broken Rice and Apple Pomace
for the Formation of Healthy Snack by Extrusion Technology
Munazah Mehraj£, Haroon Rasheed Naik, Monica Reshi, Fozia Shafi
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-461

Abstract

The two widely available by product in Kashmir viz broken rice and Apple pomace was utilized for the
formation of healthy snack by extrusion technology. The broken rice and apple pomace was dried and
ground to course flour. The apple pomace was procured from apple juice industry and was added in
different proportions (0, 3, 6 and 9) to broken rice flour which was easily available in local rice mills. The
experiment was laid down in factorial completely randomized design (CRD), the formulation was
extruded at different moisture content (14-16%), screw speed (500 rpm) and barrel temperature (140-
160°C) with three replication and sixteen treatment combinations. The extruded product was analyzed for
the parameters viz., Specific Mechanical Energy, volume expansion ratio, bulk, density, water absorption
index, water solubility index, hardness, and color. The results revealed that bulk density, water absorption
index (WAI), L* value (whiteness) and hardness increased with the increase in moisture and decreased
with the increase in barrel temperature. While as volume expansion ratio, water solubility index (WSI),
a* value (redness) and b* value (yellowness) decreased with the increase in moisture and increased with
the increase in barrel temperature. Also bulk density, WSI, a* value, b* value and hardness increased with
the increase in pomace level. However, WAI, volume expression ratio and L* value decreased with the
increase in pomace level. It was observed that the rice extrudates blended with 3 per cent apple pomace
and with 14 per cent feed moisture extruded at 160oC barrel temperature were found to be superior in
terms of physical properties studies in comparison to other treatment. Therefore, the by-products from
rice mills and apple juice industries in Kashmir can be efficiently utilized for production of healthy snacks
and can thus heap in get better returns to the grower’s industrialists.

Keywords: Broken Rice, Apple Pomace, Extrusion.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018675005.
E-mail Address: munazah17@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

70
Fishery Science
72
A Preliminary Study of Proximate Composition of Tissues
with respect to Maturity Stages of Female Rainbow Trout
(Onchoryhncus mykiss)
Azra Bashir1£, Md. Niamat Ali2, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi3
1,2
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research and Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
3
Faculty of Fisheries,SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1360

Abstract

Variations in biochemical parameters in fishes are not only species specific and season specific but are
also linked to their habitat and nutritive value. In general, the biochemical composition of the whole body
indicates the nutritional quality of the fish. Therefore, proximate biochemical composition of a species
helps to assess its nutritional and edible value in terms of energy units compared to other species. Their
values however, vary considerably within and between species, and also with size, sexual condition,
feeding, time of the year and physical activity. These include maintenance of healthy brood stock, control
of diseases and evolving nutritive artificial diet for intensive feeding of trout fish. The present work is
carried out to study change in tissue composition in mature females at different stages of gonadal
development. The selection of diets has a direct impact on the growth of fish. Thus, the diet should contain
all the essential nutrients required for the gonadal development which will act as a starting point for
development of brood stock diets. Collection of fish sample was carried out from trout hatcheries of
Srinagar district. A stratified random sampling procedure was used as it is the most suitable method in
database work. Besides, data on fish species and sex of the fish was made and recorded along with fishery
experts. The length and weight of the fish was also measured. All the female fishes were dissected,
degutted, washed and filleted. The samples of ovary and liver were weighed. Then the gonado-somatic
index (GSI) and hepato-somatic indices (HSI) was calculated as the percentage of gonad or liver
respectively to total body weight. It was seen that mature fishes has maximum G.S.I value and after
spawning G.S.I value gets declined. Determination and analysis of samples for proximate composition at
different gonadal stages will highlight the need to include essential nutrients in brood stock diets with
high nutritional value and their digestibility in case of Rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) and thereby
will help in more successful production of Rainbow trout.

Keywords: Trout, Brood Stock, Gonado-Somatic Index, Hepato-Somatic Index, Proximate Composition.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797439014.
E-mail Address: azrabhat16@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

73
A Study on the Milt of Snow Trout, Schizothorax niger (Heckel,
1838) in Temperate Waters of Kashmir.
Charenjeet Singh, Ali Mohd Najar, F. A. Bhat, M.H. Balkhi, Shabir A. Dar£
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir,Srinagar-190006, India, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-172

Abstract

The aim of work was to determine the milt quality of Schizothorax niger (Heckel, 1838). Milt was collected
by abdominal passage during spawning season of the fish. Twenty male brooders of Schizothorax niger
(having total length of 100-310 mm. and body weight of 66- 400 g.) were injected with calculated amount
of harmone preparation ovatide containing a synthetic analogue of Gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRh) with dopamine antagonist @ 0.3 ml/kg body weight of male brooders. Quality of milt was
determined by sperm quality parameters viz. milt volume, colour, consistency, pH, sperm motility and
sperm concentration (spermtozoa/ml). Abnormal percentage and live : dead percentage of spermatozoa
were also studied. Milt was preserved in ice cooled collection tubes at 4 centi grade in refrigerator after
diluting with three extenders and chemicals 0.5%NaCl and 0.1% NaHCO3. For short term preservation
milt was diluted in the ratio of 1: 4 with different extenders/ chemicals and maintained for 72 hours in
refrigerators. One of the extenders did not show good results.

Keywords: Milt Quality, Diluetants, Extenders, S. Niger.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697357426.
E-mail Address: shabirdar777@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

74
Age and Growth Pattern of Schizothorax Labiatus McClelland
Inhabiting River Jhelum, Kashmir
Iram Farooq Shah£, Farooz Ahmad Bhat, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi, Tasaduq Hussain,
Sauliheen Qadri, Syed Aalia Mushtaq, Syed Talia Mushtaq
Faculty of Fisheries,Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1163

Abstract

Jhelum river system of the Kashmir valley harbours an abundance of indigenous fishes among them
Schizothorax (Schizothoracine) also popularly called snow trout or Himalayan trout is one of the
important food fish of Kashmir Himalaya. The fish inhabits the entire network of snow and spring fed
aquatic systems. A study on age and growth of Schizothorax labiatus McClelland(snow trout) was carried
out on 310 specimens for a period of twelve (12) months from river Jhelum, Kashmir. The specimens
consisted of 221 males and 89 females, ranging in total length from 143 mm. to 350 mm. and in total weight
ranged from 62 to 449g. The estimated growth parameters for Von Bertalanffy Growth Formula (VBGF,
K, and t0 of the fish were calculated as 410, 0.09 and -0.06 respectively. The age for a maximum length of
350 mm was recorded as 6+ years. The values obtained suggest that the fish is a slow growing fish and
lives for several years. This study is an attempt to bring forward age and growth pattern of Schizothorax
labiatus McClelland a snow trout and a step towards conservation of fish diversity in the river systems of
Kashmir valley.

Keywords: Age, Growth, Schizothorax Labiatus, Jehlum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796141806.
E-mail Address: iram.farooq@yahoo.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

75
Alteration in Hematology Parameters of Hypophthalmichthys
molitrix with respect to Sex
Imtiaz Ahmed1£, Gower Bilal Wani2, Zubair Ahmad Sheikh3, Naveed Nabi4, Mohd
Awas5, Muzamil, Sidiq6, Amina Hassan7
DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1386

Abstract

Fish plays an important role in monitoring of water quality because they respond with great sensitivity to
direct as well as indirect changes in the aquatic environment. The direct changes in ecosystem affect the
lower level of biological organization while indirect changes affect the food chain and the behavior of the
organism. Hematological test has not widely applied for diagnosis of piscine medicine, but these tests
could be a suitable diagnostic tool for monitoring physiological and pathological changes in animals
including fishes. Hematological parameters studies on fishes have assumed to be greater significance due
to the increasing emphasis on pisciculture and greater awareness of the pollution of natural aquatic
bodies. Hematological parameter variations depend on the fish species, age, sex and health condition.
These parameters also change due to environmental stress and fish size. The aim of the present study was
to investigate the alteration in haematological parameters of male and female H. molitrix. A total of 22
mature fishes (10 males and 12 females) were collected and blood samples were then taken from them.
Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte
count(TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin
(MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured from both male and
female fish, respectively. The results were statistically analysed and compared according to sex by using
t-test method. In the present study four parameters namely Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC revealed significant
difference (P < 0.05) difference was observed in other parameters such as MCV, MCH and MCHC. The
data generated in the present study would be useful to establish a baseline value and to draw conclusive
remarks against the health status of the above fish.

Keywords: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Haematological parameters, Sex.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419968539.
E-mail Address: imtiazamu1@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

76
Bioaccumulation of Selected Metals and Histopathological
Alterations in Tissues of Adenoscolex oreini from Dal Lake,
Kashmir Valley
Asifa Wali1£, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi2, Rafia Maqbool3, Muzaffar Ali Andrabi4,
Mohammad Maqbool Darzi5, Feroz Ahmed Shah6, Bilal Ahmed Bhat7
Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K, Rangil, India.
1,2,6,7
3,
Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunolgy, FVSc&AH,SKUAST-K, India.
4
Department of USIC, University of Kashmir, Sinagar, India.
5
Division of Veterinary Pathology, FVSc&AH,SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1145

Abstract

The present study was done to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn,
Cr, Al, Fe, Ca, Cd, Pb and Hg) in water samples, parasites and tissues of Schizothorax niger obtained from
Dal Lake and Jhelum river based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Histological alterations in the
organs were also investigated. The overall concentrations of different heavy metals in water body showed
significant variations both season and location wise. In Dal Lake the ranking of mean concentration of 12
metals at Dalgate, Saidakadal, Hazratbal and Telbal were Fe > Ca > Mn > Al > Zn > Cd > Cu > Ni > Co >
Cr; Fe > Mn > Ca > Al > Zn > Cd > Ni > Co > Cr > Cu; Al > Fe > Ca > Mn > Zn > Cd > Ni > Co > Cr > Cu
and Fe > Al > Ca > Mn > Cu > Ni > Co > Zn > Cd > Cr respectively. In Jhelum river the ranking of the metals
at Khanabal, Zero bridge, and Chattabal weir were Fe > Ca > Al > Mn > Zn > Co > Cd > Cu > Cr >Ni ; Ca >
Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Co > Cd > Cr; and Fe > Mn > Ca > Al > Co > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cu > Cr
respectively.The pathogenic effects of A. oreini include blockage and perforation of intestine, distended
abdomen, inflammation, haemorrhage, and loss of intestinal lining which can have severe impact on
growth and condition of fish. The study reveals that the transmission of A. oreini is highly seasonal, as
Kashmir valley is a temperate agro-climatic region. We further hypothesized that seasonal changes in
water chemistry influence the seasonal prevalence of A. oreini.

Keywords: Fish, Heavy Metals, Histopathology, Dal Lake, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469183840.
E-mail Address: asifawali@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

77
Biochemical Changes Associated with the Tissues (Liver,
Muscle and Ovary) of Schizothorax niger at Different Stages
of Gonadal Development
Yusra Ashraf1£, Md. Niamat Ali2, Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi3
1,2
Cytogenetics And Molecular Biology Research Laboratory ,Centre Of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal
Srinagar, J & K, 190006, India.
3
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1359

Abstract

Biochemical studies of fish tissue are of considerable interest for their specificity in relation to the food
values of the fish and for the evaluation of their physiological needs at different periods of life. The present
study dealt with the changes in the proximate composition in the muscle, liver and ovarian tissues of
Schizothorax niger females during their sexual maturation which will be useful in increasing the yield of
fish species and stock management. The study includes collection of fish which was carried out from Dal
Lake. A stratified random sampling procedure was used. Besides, data on fish species and sex of the fish
was made and recorded. The length and weight of the fish was also measured. All the female fishes were
dissected, degutted and washed. The samples of ovary and liver was weighed. The samples of muscle tissue
was also collected. Then the gonado-somatic index (GSI) and hepato-somatic index (HSI) was calculated
as the percentage of gonad or liver respectively to total body weight. It was seen that at maturity stage fish
has maximum G.S.I value and after spawning G.S.I value declines. Fishes were then divided into different
maturation stages throughout the reproductive cycle as resting phase, growth phase, maturation phase
and spawning phase. This work will describe the study on the sexual maturation of Schizothorax niger
through histological examination of the gonadal tissue and thus serves as a tool for better management of
this resource and also will contribute to our knowledge of the reproductive biology of Schizothorax niger
and will also help us in estimation of nutritional profile of Schizothorax niger.

Keywords: Dal Lake, Schizothorax Niger, Maturity Stage, Gonado-Somatic Index, Hepato-Somatic Index,
Nutritional Profile, Proximate Composition

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: yusraashaie@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

78
Biometric Analysis and Length Weight Relationship of
Carassius carassius (Linneaus, 1758) in Dal Lake, Kashmir
Syed Nadima Hilal Qadri1£, Farooz Ahmad Bhat2, M. H. Balkhi3, T. H. Shah4, F. A.
Shah5, Oyas Asmi6, B. A. Bhat 7
Faculty Of Fisheries, SKUAST-K, Rangil, India.
1,2,6,7
3,
Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunolgy, FVSc&AH, SKUAST-K, India.
4
Department of USIC, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
5
Division of Veterinary Pathology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1082

Abstract

Carassius carassius Linnaeus in Kashmir is locally known as gang gad and specifically known as crucian
carp. The fish is well adapted in the Dal Lake Kashmir along with other cyprinids. This study was aimed
to describe the morphometrics, meristic and length weight relationship of Carassius carassius in Dal
Lake , Kashmir. A total of 180 specimens of Carassius carassius Linneaus were studied during December
2016 to May 2017. The total length of the specimen ranged from 88.62 mm to 177.45 mm with the
corresponding weight of 8 gm and 86.5 gm respectively. The various morphological characters compared
showed high co-efficient of correlation (r) values, indicating they are highly correlated to each other. The
fin formula of the fish was found as D(I/18-19);A(I/7); P1(11-13); P2(8-9);C(19-22); LL(30-33):LLI(13-20). The
length weight relationship was recorded separately for both males and females. The coefficient of
determination (R2) for length-weight relationship was found to be 0.872 for females, 0.855 for males and
0.868 for pooled data. The value of for male fish was found to be 3.016 and for females it was found to be
3.002. The value of for pooled data was found as 3.054 that showed almost isometric growth in the fish.

Keywords: Dal Lake, Carassius Carassius, Length-Weight Relationship.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697464870.
E-mail Address: nadimasyed98@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

79
Biometric Analysis of Schizothorax niger Heckel, 1838 from
Kashmir Valley
Tasaduq Hussain Shah1£, Sobiya Gul2, F. A Bhat3, M H Balkhi4, Bilal Ahmad Bhat5,
Asma Ahad6, Syed Nadima7, Hafsa Javeed8
Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K, Rangil, India.
JKSC-1052

Abstract

A total of 180 specimens of Schizothorax niger were collected at random from commercial catches of two
selected sites namely river Jhelum and Dal lake from December 2016 to May 2017. The length-weight
relationship was established as Log W = -3.199 + 2.254Log L (R² = 0.725) for Dal lake stocks and Log W =
- 2.999 + 2.176Log L (R² = 0.782) for the Jhelum stocks. The morphometric measurements (Total length,
Standard length, caudal fin length, Head length, Snout length, Eye diameter, Pre-dorsal length, Pre-
pectoral length, Pre-pelvic length, Pre-anal length, Body depth, pre orbital length and post orbital length)
analysed in the present study, showed high co-efficient of correlation (R2) values ranging from 0.51 to 0.96
for Dal Lake stocks and 0.51 to 0.85 for Jhelum stocks indicating that the characters were highly correlated
to each other and also that there existed a homogeneity within the populations. All the morphometric
measurements, except eye diameter and pre-pectoral length showed significant difference between the
two populations indicating morphological difference in the lacustrine and riverine stocks.

Keywords: Morphometry, Schizothorax Niger, Length-Weight Relationship, Dal Lake, Jhelum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796536677.
E-mail Address: tasaduqs@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

80
Comparative Study of Parasitic Burden in Fishes from Lotic and
Lentic Ecosystems in Kashmir
Ibraq Khurshid Wani1£, Fayaz Ahmad Bhat2
1
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Post Graduate Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1566

Abstract

Studies on freshwater fish from lotic and lentic water bodies of Kashmir valley was undertaken to find out
the effect of parasitism on the health of native fish. Among other parameters, Helminthological and
Biochemical survey of Coldwater fishes of two water bodies was carried out for a period of one year. A
total of 4 fishes spp. of Schizothorax were selected. A strong positive correlation (Pearson correlation,
r=0.9; p=0.038) between total length of Schizothorax and number of Helminths was observed. Prevalence
and mean abundance were positively and significantly correlated with season (p<0.05).

Keywords: Schizothorax, Helminth, River Sindh, Shallabugh Wetland.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493001068.
E-mail Address: seemawani111@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

81
Comparative study of Reproductive Traits of Schizothorax
labiatus and Schizothorax esocinus in River Jhelum (Jammu &
Kashmir)
Musharaf Gul1£, Op Gusain2, R.A.Magray3
1,2
Department of Zoology & Biotechnology,Hnb Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India.
3
Environmental Science Department of Higher Education, J&K, India.
JKSC-1544

Abstract

The spawning and fecundity studies are of a pivotal importance especially in the fish species that have
been consistently dwindling ever since the introduction of the exotic carp and pollution as a result of ever
increasing anthropogenic activities. Besides its biological significance, the analysis of fecundity in relation
to morphological characters like size, age and weight have often been used to provide a reliable index of
density-dependent factors affecting the size of a fish population. The present study pertains to the
assessment and comparison of reproductive traits like spawning, absolute and relative fecundity of
Schizothorax labiatus and Schizothorax esocinus in River Jhelum (J&K). Both Schizothorax labiatus and
Schizothorax esocinus were found to be annual, late spring breeders, with the spawning period extended
from late March to early June in Schizothorax labiatus, while in Schizothorax esocinus it started from early
April and continued until mid July. Both absolute and relative fecundity were found to be significantly
higher in case of Schizothorax esocinus in comparison to Schizothorax labiatus. The relationship of
fecundity with other parameters namely, total length, fish weight and ovary weight were found to be linear
and the values of correlation coefficient indicated positive correlation in both the species.

Keywords: Reproductive traits, Spawning, Schizothorax labiatus, Schizothorax esocinus, Absolute Fecundity, Relative
Fecundity, River Jhelum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9997864384.
E-mail Address: musharafgul@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

82
Comparison of Reproductive Characteristics in Farmed and
Wild Females of Scale Carp, Cyprinus Carpio Var. Communis
During Spawning Season in Kashmir
Ishrat Mohammad Dar 1£, Farooz Ahmad Bhat 2, Masood-ul-Hassan Balkhi3, Tasaduq
Hussain Shah4, Bilal Ahmad Bhat5
Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil, Ganderbal, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1062

Abstract

Reproduction characteristics were compared between farmed and wild females of Scale carp, Cyprinus
carpio var. communis. A total of 60 fish samples were taken for the present study. Thirty farmed females
(FF) and 30 wild females (WF) were taken during the reproductive season. In wild fishes, the mean
Gonadosomatic index was 13.7±3.605, number of eggs/g ovary was 1362.6± 106.18, absolute fecundity was
68864± 35950.29 and relative fecundity was 185.96± 45.7. However, in farmed conditions, the mean value
of GSI was 8.6± 3.52., no. of eggs/g ovary was 1339± 148.28, absolute fecundity was 44533± 28572.59 and
relative fecundity was 115.98± 49.25. The data revealed that statistically there was a significant difference
found in reproductive parameters in terms of absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, ovary weight and GSI.

Keywords: Wild fish, Farmed fish, fecundity, Gonadosomatic index, Cyprinus carpio var. communis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715006042.
E-mail Address: ishratkq786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

83
Determination of Age in Fishes using Various Methods: A
Review
Kousar Jan1£, Imtiaz Ahmed2, Zubair Ahmad Sheikh3, Quseen Mushtaq Reshi4,
Ishtiyaq Ahmad 5
DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-749

Abstract

Age determination is one of the vital aspects in the development of fisheries. Knowledge of fish age is
obligatory for stock assessments and to develop proper management and conservation strategies. It is an
essential part of all work directed to the rational exploitation of a fish stock and provides evidence to its
longevity, age of recruitment, growth, age at first maturity and also helps in the development of catch
curves from which annual mortality rates can be calculated. Determination of fish age provides important
demographic parameters to analyse and assess fish populations. Studies of age determination in fish has
been carried out from different part of the world by using various methods and the most commonly used
methods are indirect method which can be done by analysing the length-frequency distribution from
which mean length of each group can be obtained. While other method used to determine the age of fish
is direct method which involves counting the annual growth marks in calcified structures, such as scales,
otoliths, opercular bones, vertebrae, fin spines, bones of the jaw, pectoral girdle, fin rays etc. of each
specimen. Out of the two methods, the latter method i.e. direct method is more precise, reliable and gives
more information on the fish population dynamics. Nowadays, the above mentioned methods have widely
been used in an improved form with the supplementation of more reliable fluorochrome and
microradiographic techniques. In addition to this, various other techniques are also used like
histochemical techniques in which accumulation of lipofuscin and expression of senescence-associated
Beta-galactosidase act as age markers; genetic analysis technique which focuses on shortening of telomere
length with age also aids in age determination of fishes and biochemical assay technique in which protein
oxidation and lipid peroxidation increases with age. In the present study an attempt has been made to
understand the reliability of all the methods used by different workers to determine the age of fish. On
the basis of the review of literature it is concluded that although all the methods are reliable however, the
direct methods used with some advanced technology such as fluorochrome and microradiographic
technique would be useful to provide the precise age of the fish with in short possible time.

Keywords:: Fish, Age Determination, Methods.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796566084.
E-mail Address: jankousar333@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

84
Distribution Pattern, Threats and Conservation of Fish
Biodiversity in the River Jhelum, Kashmir Valley
Zubair Ahmad Sheikh1£, Imtiaz Ahmed2, Ishtiyaq Ahmad3
DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-381

Abstract

Fish fauna form an integral part of aquatic ecosystems, and any changes taking place in the
medium in which they live can affect their productivity, diversity, distributions and in their
biology. Jhelum river is one of the largest flowing rivers of Kashmir valley originate from Verinag,
and the fish fauna in the river is poorly documented. In the present study, an extensive survey of
fish was conducted from December 2016 to December 2017 covering a total of 22 sites along the
river. A total of 20 freshwater fish species belonging to 4 orders, 6 families and 14 genera have been
documented. Among these 14 species are endemic to Kashmir and 6 exotic species has also been
reported. The fish composition varies greatly from headwaters to down-stream. Based on cluster
analysis the river Jhelum is divided into four regions, specifically, the upper reach, middle-
upreach, middle reach and lower reach. During the study it was observed that species richness has
increased. The proportion of herbivorous and omnivorous species increased from upstream to
downstream while the proportion of omnivorous species declined subsequently. Our study
concluded that habitat alteration, overfishing, pollution and encroachment adversely affect the fish
diversity and ecosystem functioning in the river Jhelum. We suggest that in order to protect fish
diversity more effectively in the river Jhelum, the conservation of fish biodiversity should be taken
on a priority basis as Jhelum is one of the main sources of fish production in the valley. Moreover,
river rehabilitation, in terms of habitat formation, should be considered to protect the structure and
overall diversity of fish population in the area.

Keywords:: Fish Biodiversity, Conservation, Threats, River Jhelum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006411399.
E-mail Address: zubairfishery@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

85
Effect of Dietary Phenylalanine Levels on Growth, Hemato-
Biochemical Composition and Tyrosine Replacement Value for
Phenylalanine in Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes Fossilis
(Hamilton) Fingerling
Imtiaz Ahmed1£
DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-728

Abstract

Two 10-week feeding experiment were conducted to determined the total aromatic amino acid
requirement and tyrosine replacement value of phenylalanine for fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis by
feeding casein+gelatin based amino acid test diets (400g kg-1 CP; 16.90 kJ g-1 GE). In experiment 1
phenylalanine was determined feeding six test diets containing graded levels of phenylalanine (4.5-14.5g
kg-1, dry diet) with 5g kg-1 tyrosine fixed and fed in triplicate groups of 20 fish each in 60-L trough fitted
with continuous flow-through system. Quadratic regression analysis of LWG%, FCR, PER and BPD data
indicated phenylalanine requirement at 11.4, 10.7, 10.6 and 10.4g kg-1 of dry diet, respectively. Based on the
above results, phenylalanine requirement of H. fossilis is recommended at 10.8g kg-1 of dry diet,
corresponding to 27g kg-1 of protein. A second experiment under identical experimental design was
conducted containing graded levels of tyrosine (2.1-12.1g kg-1) with 10.8g kg-1 phenylalanine fixed in all the
diets to determine the replacement value of tyrosine for phenylalanine. Quadratic regression analysis of
LWG%, FCR, PER and BPD data indicated tyrosine requirement at 8.9, 8.4 and 8.2 and 8.1g kg-1 of dry
diet, respectively. The results suggest that, 8.4g kg-1 tyrosine, corresponding to 21.0g kg-1 of protein would
be useful for optimum growth of H. fossilis at fingerling stage and the replacement value is 43.75% on
weight and 39.89% on molar basis. Thus, the total aromatic amino acid requirement is 19.2g kg-1 of diet,
corresponding to 48.0g kg-1 of protein for optimum growth of H. fossili.

Keywords:: Aromatic Amino Acid Requirement, Heteropneustes Fossilis, Growth, Tyrosine Replacement.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419968539.
E-mail Address: imtiazamu1@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

86
Effect of Supplementation of Beetroot Waste Extract on the
Pigmentation of Puntius Conchonius
Tasaduq Hussain Shah£, Asma Ahad, Oyas A. Asimi, M. H. Balkhi, F. A. Bhat,
Adnan Abubakr, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Sobiya Gul
Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-Kashmir, Rangil, Ganderbal, India.
JKSC-1045

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary incorporation of carotenoid pigments
from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) waste on total carotenoid of rosy barb (Puntius conchonius). Four
isonitrogenous (32.37±0.48% crude protein) diets, T1, T2 and T3 were prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%
of beetroot waste extract along with a control diet without supplementation of beetroot waste extract.
Body carotenoid was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) and all water quality parameters were found to be
within acceptable ranges in all the treatments. Present results, thus indicate that economical and naturally
available carotenoid source such as beetroot waste extract can be incorporated into the diet of rosy barb
(Puntius conchonius) to enhance pigmentation in order to improve the ornamental value of the fish which
otherwise, have little commercial value.

Keywords: Beetroot Waste Extract, Puntius Conchonius, Pigmentation, Carotenoids, Chromatophores.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796536677.
E-mail Address: tasaduqs@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

87
Environmental and Anthropogenic Issues of River Jhelum
Quseen Mushtaq Reshi 1£, Imtiaz Ahmed2, Zubair Ahmad Sheikh3, Kousar Jan 4,
Ishtiyaq Ahmad 5
DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-798

Abstract

Kashmir is endowed with numerous lentic and lotic water bodies. Jhelum is an important river of Kashmir
valley and a vital tributary of the Indus river system. It arises from a spring at Verinag situated at the foot
of the Pir Panjal in the south-eastern part of the valley of Kashmir and supports bountiful aquatic fauna
particularly fishes. It also caters to the huge demand of water supply for human settlement as well. It is
undoubtedly the life-line of Kashmir. Water quality determination is an important tool to assess the status
of a water body. The chemical characteristics of the water are heavily influenced by the particulate matter
as well as by the water flow. Deposition of industrial and domestic wastes into the river leads to
accumulation of heavy metals in the body of fishes; enters our food chain and thus leads to various health
problems. In this study water samples were collected from different sites of river and analyzed for various
parameters to assess the impact of pollution on the river. The various parameters such as water
temperature, pH, Transparency, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide and alkalinity were analyzed. The
results showed that physico-chemical parameters of river Jhelum varied with respect to the catchment
areas with degradation in water quality of those areas where anthropogenic activities are higher. Extensive
demographic growth, disordered urbanization, agricultural run-off, sedimentation and discharge of
untreated domestic waste from village and towns into the river at various sites along its course has caused
severe pollution problem of the river causing increased odiousness with each passing day resulting in
rapid decline of invertebrate as well as fish population. Besides above factors, the use of pesticides,
chemicals and fertilizers also pose serious threat to the fisheries, especially to the endemic Schizothorax
species. Hence, there is a dire need for collaboration between environmentalists and policy makers for
better assessment of these burning issues so as to conserve this water resource and carry sustainable
exploitation of fisheries.

Keywords:: River Jhelum, fish, water quality, anthropogenic activities.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796146104.
E-mail Address: quseenmushtaq@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

88
Evaluation of Growth Promoting and Immunostimulatory
Effects of Feed Probiotic Biosyn in Labeo rohita
Iqra Nazir 1£, Rikhi Singh Chauhan2
Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India.
JKSC-1120

Abstract

Sustainable aquaculture depends on perfect balance between growth and health conditions of fish. Several
drugs, synthetic chemicals and vaccination programmes have been in practice to prevent and control the
diseases, but partial success has been achieved. An alternative approach has been the application of
various compounds to boost or stimulate the immune system of fishes and shrimps. One among such
alternatives is probiotic. Probiotics generally includes bacteria, cyanobacteria, micro algae, fungi, etc. The
present study was carried out from February to May 2015 to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation
of commercial probiotic Biosyn in the fingerlings of Indian major carp (Labeo rohita) on growth
performances, haematological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, the fish with similar body weight
(7.239±0.232 g) were distributed randomly into four treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Experimental
diets were prepared by mixing rice bran, deoiled mustard oil cake, soybean cake and vitamin mineral
mixture. The biomedicine Biosyn was incorporated in to diet D1 @0.2%, D2@0.4%, D3@0.6%. In control
diet D0, Biosyn was not incorporated in feed. The fishes of group T0 were fed with diet D0, T1 with D1,
T2 with D2 and T3 with D3 @5% body weight per day for 90 days. Fingerlings fed with diet D3 achieved
better SGR (0.648%), FCR (3.255) and GCE (0.299) as compared to other treatments. T3 group of fishes
showed higher value of TLC (35.114—103/µl), TEC (3.35—106/µl), Hb concentration (10.2 g%), Total serum
proteins (9.1g/dl), Albumin(1.695 g/dl) and Globulin (7.405 g/dl) as compared to control and other
treatments. The obtained results indicated that T3 was the best treatment which realized significant.

Keywords:: Probiotic, Aquaculture, Growth, Feed Additives.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9917909698.
E-mail Address: iqranazir11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

89
Evaluation of Helminth Parasitic Load and the Effect of
Pomphorhyncus on Antioxidant Status in Schizothorax
Plagiostomus of Nallah Sukhnag, Kashmir
Shafaquat Nabi1£, Syed Tanveer2, Showkat Ahmad Ganie3
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-867

Abstract

An investigation of Helminth parasites of Schizothorax plagiostomus (Native fish) collected from Nallah
Sukhnag was undertaken for a period of one year from October 2014-September 2015. Out of 341 hosts, 127
were found infected with different types of helminth parasites showing an overall prevalence of 37.24%.
The helminth parasites reported during the present study include Diplozoon (trematode), Adenoscolex
(Cestode) and Pomphorhynchus (Acanthocephalan) with the prevalence of 9.38%, 19.94% and 26.09%
respectively. During the entire study the helminth infection reported was maximum in summer (58.51%)
and least in winter (14.11%). Fishes having the infection of only Pomphorhynchus (n=9) and same number
of uninfected ones were then analyzed for some antioxidants. Results showed the reduction of GSH (0.0103
±0.0086), GPX (0.1211± 0.040), GR (0.1793±0.1079) in infected muscle tissues as compared to uninfected
fish muscle tissues (GSH; 0.0243±0.0124), (GPX; 0.1978±0.1804) and (GR; 0.2157±0.2370). Decrease in GSH
(0.0209±0.0214), GPX (0.3831±0.4237) and GR (0.4011±0.3669) was found in infected intestine tissues as
compared to uninfected intestine tissues (GSH; 0.1633±0.0154), (GPX; 0.5036±0.5377), (GR; 0.6066±
0.6272). Decrease in GSH (0.0106±0.005), GPX (0.2908±0.3216) and GR (0.3025±0.2034) was found in
infected liver in comparison to uninfected liver tissues (GSH; 0.0313±0.0020), (GPX; 0.3735±0.3231), and
(GR; 0.4435±0.4123).Keywords:: River Jhelum, fish, water quality, anthropogenic activities.

Keywords:: Parasite, Helminth, Pomphorhyncus, Schizothorax Plagiostomus, AntioxidantsFishery Science.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858481706.
E-mail Address: shafaquat111@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

90
Fish Diversity of Ahansar Lake, Kashmir
Hafsa Javeed Reshi1£, Adnan Abubakr2, Masood-ul- Hassan Balkhi3, Farooz Ahmad
Bhat 4, Ashwini, Kumar 5, Rizwana, Malik 6, Bilal Ahmad Bhat7
Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-Kashmir, Rangil, Ganderbal, India.
JKSC-335

Abstract

The present study was carried to assess the fish diversity of Ahansar, a rural lake situated about 30 km.
from city center Srinagar. Fish specimens were collected for a period of nine months viz., (December 2016-
August 2017) with the help of a local fisherman. A total of 11 fish species were recorded during the study
period which include Cyprinous carpio var. communis, var. specularis, Ctenopharyngodon idella,
Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Carassius carassius, Schizothorax niger, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax
curvifrons, Puntius conchonius, Bangana diplostoma, Triplophysa kashmirensis and Gambusia affinis. Out
of the 11 species , cyprinous carpio communis was dominant. Specie like Rama gurun (Botia birdi), once
abundant has now almost disappeared. The possible reason for this is deterioration of water quality over
a period of time besides use of pesticides.

Keywords: Ahansar, Water Chemistry

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715005350.
E-mail Address: 9hafsa@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

91
Genetic Characterization of Saprolegnia SPP Infesting
Rainbow Trout in Hatcheries of Kashmir-Himalaya
Syed Aalia Mushtaq1£, Irfan Ahmed2, Masood-ul- Hassan Balkhi3, Feroz Ahmad
Bhat4, Syed Talia5
Faculty of Fisheries Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1056

Abstract

A total of 50 and 95 infected samples were taken during the present study from the two main trout
hatcheries i.e larval trout farm and Kokernaag trout farm from October 2013 to March 2014. Wet Mount
from infected lesions showed masses of mature and immature sporangia filled with spores. Hyphae
appeared profusely branched, a septa test and multinucleate. The colonies at fungal agar at 37 0C appeared
with cysts of long hair whitish in color that finally turned blackish. The DNA was isolated from the infected
sample. The number of amplified DNA fragments obtained by the primers ranged from 380 to 1800 bp.
RAPID profiles obtained negligible variations among the isolates. Only one group could be established
indicating the group of closely related strains having high degree of homology is present.

Keywords: Hyphae, Parasitica, Saprolegnia Spp. and Trout.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051821385.
E-mail Address: syedaalia24@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

92
Histopathology of Intestines of Labeo Rohita Infected by
Trematode Parasite Euclinostomum Reticulatum
Palaq1£, Seema Langer2, Fayaz Ahmad3
12
Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
3
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-437

Abstract

The present study was conducted on the intestines of Labeo rohita of Sehi stream of Jammu region (J & K)
infested by trematode parasite Euclinostomum reticulatum. For the histopathological investigation tissue
samples from the infected fish were fixed in Bouins fixative for 24 hours, processed and 6-8 micron thick
sections were prepared using standard microtomy techniques. At the site of parasite attatchment, the
surface of the intestine appeared thickened with prominence of mucus cells. This parasite brought about
severe histological changes in the fish like damaged villi, shortening of villi, inflammation, hyperplasia,
erosion of the normal structure, widening of the intestinal lumen. In case of serious infections, damage to
both mucosal and submucosal layers was also prominent. Compression and absence of intestinal villi were
also evident.

Keywords: Euclinostomum Reticulatum, Hyperplasia, Submucosa.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419186700.
E-mail Address: cytogeneticsrocks18@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

93
Impact of Anthropogenic Pressure on Ichthyo-diversity in
Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters of Anchar Lake,
Srinagar
Muzamil Bashir1£, Mohammad Farooq Mir2
Hydrobiology Research Laboratory, Cluster University Kashmir, India.
JKSC-441

Abstract

The Anchar Lake was once a famous deep water lake in Kashmir but it has undergone fast conversion into
marsh land. The entire study was undertaken mostly in morning hours. The samples were captured at
intervals with the help of local skilled fishermen. Fishes were identified upto species level with the help
of standard keys. Estimation of fish species diversity and species richness was calculated with the help of
standard formula. Statistical analysis was carried out by standard computation. The pollution status of
the lake system can be witnessed by the presence of pollution resistant aquatic fauna. The hypothesis is
strengthened by the ichthyodiversity pattern within the lake ecosystem. During the present research
work, the fishes were sampled from all the selected sites and the population dynamics was presented. It
was primarily reported that the total fish fauna of the lake comprised of only two orders: Cypriniformes
and Cyprinidontiformes, with Cypriniformes as the most dominant order. The Cypriniformes comprised
of 15 species, while as cyprinodontiformes comprised of only one species in abundance (Gambusia affinis).
The study concludes that the quality of the water is somehow satisfactory when compared with other
lakes. Anthropogenic activities is insignificant on the aquatic habitat and the appreciable fish population
is an indication of good biological quality of the water body.

Keywords: Pollution, Fishes, Anchar Lake

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006457386.
E-mail Address: bmuzamil99@gmai.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

94
Limnological Features of Ahansar Lake, Kashmir
Hafsa Javeed Reshi1£, Adnan Abubakr2, Masood-ul- Hassan Balkhi3, Farooz Ahmad
Bhat 4, Ashwini Kumar Rizwana Malik, Bilal Ahmad Bhat5
Faculty of Fisheries Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India.
JKSC-334

Abstract

The present study was carried to assess the water chemistry of Lake Ahansar, a rural lake situated about
30 km. from city center Srinagar. Water samples from five different locations viz., inlet, outlet, littoral
zones and centre were collected for a period of nine months covering three different seasons viz., winter,
spring and summer. The season wise mean values recorded for various physico-chemical parameters were:
air temperature (17.4±3.46oC), water temperature(17.42±0.190C), depth(2..37±0.49m), transparency
(1.5±0.1m), dissolved oxygen (9.38±0.32), pH(8.0±0.08), free carbon dioxide (9.9±0.6), chloride (13.0±0.32),
total alkalinity (231.1±2.1), total hardness (317.0±1.9), Calcium hardness (71.6±1.7), magnesium hardness
(57.9±0.8), ammonical nitrogen (96.8±1.2), nitrate nitrogen (485.5±2.6),total phosphorous (231.0±1.1µg/l)
and orthophosphate (29.8±0.6µg/l).Overall, it was established that water quality of the lake has
deteriorated, when compared with earlier records.

Keywords: Ahansar, Water Chemistry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715005350.
E-mail Address: 9hafsa@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

95
Morphological Differentiation between Riverine and
Lacustrine Populations of Snow Trout Schizothorax Niger
from Kashmir using Truss Morphometry
Tasaduq Hussain Shah1£, Sobiya Gul2, F. A Bhat3, M H Balkhi4, Bilal Ahmad Bhat5,
Asma Ahad6, Asma Ahad7, Syed Nadima8, Hafsa Javeed9
Faculty of Fisheries Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1064

Abstract

Schizothorax niger locally called Ael Gad• is an endemic cyprinid fish of Kashmir. A 12-point truss network
analysis of Schizothorax niger was carried out in the present research work to study the morphological
differences between riverine (Jhelum) and lacustrine (Dal lake) populations of this commercially
important fish. Principal component analysis of 30 morphometric measurements extracted from three
factors with eigenvalues > 1, explained 85.96% of the total variance. The high component loadings were
from the characters which mostly contributed to anterior half of body depth, middle portion of body depth
and head region. The bivariate plots explained that the principal component 1 clearly separates the two
populations on the X-axis. The cross validation of this analysis revealed that the percentage of correctly
classified fishes was 100% both in Dal Lake as well as river Jhelum. The stock in the Dal lake were
confirmed to be separate from that of river Jhelum.

Keywords: Truss Morphometry, Schizothorax Niger, Dal Lake, Jhelum, Stock Discrimination.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796536677.
E-mail Address: tasaduqs@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

96
Oligochaeta as Bio-Indicator of Water Quality under
Temperate Climatic Conditions
Adnan Abuakr£, Altaf Ahmad
Faculty of Fisheries Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India.
JKSC-272

Abstract

The present research work deals with the distribution of benthic macro-invertebrates (Oligochaeta) in
relation to water quality of Anchar lake. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of benthic macro-
invertebrates showed the presence of three species viz. Limnodrilus hoffmeister, Erpobdella octoculata and
Glassophonia complanata in the lake. Among the three species Limnodrilus hoffmeister belonged to class
Oligochaeta whereas Erpobdella octoculata and Glassophonia complanata belonged to class Hirudinea.
The occurrence of these species in higher number is due to the presence of organic rich waters and entry
of sewage, which favours growth of these worms. The distribution of these organisms is generally
influenced by Nitrogen (NO3 and NH4) along with phosphorus. The distribution of Limnodrilus sp showed
positive correlation with NO3-N and NH4.-N (p≤0.05, r = 0.429) and (p≤0.05, r = 0.324)
respectively. This indicates that both N & P are important factor for abundance and presence of
Limnodrilus hoffmeister, Erpobdella octoculata and Glassophonia complanata. Dissolved Oxygen and free
CO2 are also found to be an influential factor in affecting the distribution of Annelida especially
Limnodrilus sp. Which showed strong negative correlation with dissolved oxygen (p≤0.01, r = - 0.770)
and strong positive correlation with free CO2 (p≤0.01, r = 0.741). The study reveals that macro-
invertebrates especially Oligochaetes can be used as indicator of water quality because they are found in
lake with contaminated water quality.

Keywords: Anchar Lake, Macro-Invertebrate, Oligochaeta, Water Quality.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906433333.
E-mail Address: adnanabubakr@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

97
Pathogenic Fungi Oomycetes; Saprolegnia SPP., Causing
Systemic Mycosis of Onchorhynchus Mykiss- A Farm Fish of
Kashmir Valley
Aqib Rehman Magray1£, Bashir Ahmad Ganai2, Fayaz Ahmad Bhat3, Mohd, Maqbool
Darzi4, Gulam Jeelani Dar5
Centre of Research For Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
1,2,5
3
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
3
Division of Pathology, SKUAST, FVSC & AH, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1187

Abstract

Fish fauna is reeling under great pressure from a myriad of factors like disease, stress, climate change,
water pollution etc. The atrocities of these factors, in turn, lead to fungal infections in aquaculture, a major
factor for the decline of precious fish fauna foremost to significant economic losses. The appearance of
systemic mycosis leading to emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is presenting a worldwide threat to food
security. The pathogenicity caused by Saprolegnia spp. in freshwater fish is more complicated due to the
lack of direct observation. However, Saprolegnia is ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, considered as an
opportunistic saprotrophic and necrotrophic pathogen. It usually occurs when fish is in a weakened state,
either due to injury or trauma resulting in white colour and colonies on the skin and epidermal tissue
sometimes may appear grey because of the symbiotic association with bacteria. The present study was
carried out in various Trout Fish Cultured Farms of Kashmir valley. The fish were sampled on the basis of
gross clinical signs during different seasons of the year (2016-2017). The culture-based approach was used
to ascertain the prevalent fungal pathogen in fish. The pathogens were characterized by a morphological
approach using appropriate keys. Isolates were confirmed by an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as fungal
universal barcode. The histopathological and Scanning Electron Microscopic studies were used in order
to observe the structural deformities and clinical alterations in tissues. The histochemical studies with the
stains like Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), and Grocott`s Methenamine Silver
(GMS) revealed systemic mycosis caused by highly prevalent Saprolegnia spp. in farm-reared fish
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) affecting vital organs of the fish.

Keywords: Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID), Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Saprolegnia Spp., Trout Fish,
Histopathology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906609433.
E-mail Address: rehman4aaqib@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

98
Reproductive Biology and Histological Characters of Male
Fish Schizothorax Plagiostomus in River Lidder from Kashmir
Himalaya
Muddasir Jan£, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-359

Abstract

The present study investigated the reproductive biology of male fish Schizothorax plagiostomus. The fish
samples used in the present study was within the range of 25.5cm to 40.33cm in total length and weight
ranging from 250g to 580g and the sampling duration was from July, 2013 to June, 2014. The mean
gonadosomatic index (GSI) of male fish varied from minimum 4.197±1.335 during September and October
to maximum 12.35 ±2.315 during March-May. Based on the monthly examination of macroscopic and
histological gonadal maturity stages and month wise distribution of gonadosomatic index (GSI) it was
concluded that the male has a definite spawning season from May to June. The breeding status confirmed
by gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological study of testis showed that there were six stages of
spermatogenesis. Results show that Schizothorax plagiostomus is a seasonal breeder and has unimodal
spawning activity.

Keywords: Schizothorax Plagiostomus, Histology, Testis, Gonadosomatic Index.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596347283.
E-mail Address: madufaruq@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

99
Responsible Research & Innovtion: A Key to Potential
Enhancement of Fisheries Sector of Kashmir Region
Rizwana Malik1£
Division of Social Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K , Shalimar, India.
JKSC-364

Abstract

The fisheries sector in Kashmir valley has enormous potential and can contribute significantly to the state
GDP. However, the untapped potential needs to be explored fully. One of the best possible ways to achieve
this goal is through joint participation of all the social sectors -Researchers (social, physical and natural),
Policy makers and stakeholders. The ideas of research and the innovations need to get generated from the
grass root level and then reach labs and finally back to stakeholders. A strong interrelationship will lead
to ethical acceptability, sustainability and societal desirability of the whole research innovation process.
The output resulting from such research will also have better acceptability. To make the research in
fisheries participatory and result oriented , researchers must be equipped with necessary knowledge and
tools to contribute efficiently in the research and innovation process. A data base of the outcome of the
research and innovations in the fisheries sector will help in knowing not only the mile stones achieved
but also in identifying the technological gaps that will further strengthen the growth and development
process in this sector. Gender sensitization is also one of the important aspects that needs immediate
attention. Fisheries being female dominated profession needs to address the underrepresentation of
women. Gender dimensions should be integrated in the research and innovation content.

Keywords: Responsible Research, Fisheries Sector, Participatory Research, Innovtions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906953327.
E-mail Address: rizwana1309@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

100
Some Studies on the Reproductive Biology of Snow Trout
Schizothorax Curvifrons in River Jhelum Kashmir.
Sauliheen Qadri1£, Tasaduq Hussain Shah2
Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1332

Abstract

The present investigation deals with the assessment of sex ratio, condition factor and length at first
maturity of Schizothorax curvifrons, an indigenous cyprinid fish of Kashmir, collected from river Jhelum,
Kashmir. Sex ratio (Male: Female) varied from 1:0.20 in May to 1:0.59 in November. The average sex ratio
for the entire period of study was 1:0.40 (Male: Female) indicating a significant dominance of males. The
estimated condition factor (K) varied from 0.62 to 0.86 in case of females and 0.64 to 0.87 in case of males.
The length at first maturity (Lm) for females of Schizothorax curvifrons was estimated at 252 mm.

Keywords: Sex Ratio, Condition Factor, Length At First Maturity, Schizothorax Curvifrons, Jhelum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622858491.
E-mail Address: sauliheenqadri1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

101
SPE-RP-HPLC-UV Technique for Determination of Fish
Reproductive Hormones
Ningthoukhongjam Soranganba1£, I. J. Singh2
1
College of Fisheries, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India.
2
Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, GBPUATR, India.
JKSC-1378

Abstract

A fast and effective method of RP-HPLC-UV technique has been developed for determination of
reproductive steroidal hormones of testosterone (T), 17-estradiol (E2), 17±, 20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one
(DHP) and cortisol for amur common carp from the target tissues and plasma samples for both the sexes
using Dionex Ultimate 3000 with chromatographic separation achieved through purospher star RP-18
encapped (3 µm) hibar 100-4.6mm column along with chromolith RP-18e 5-4.6mm guard cartridge and
guard cartridge holder. The samples were pre-treated using RP-solid phase extraction (SPE) C-18 cartridge
lichrolut RP-18 40-63 µm 100 mg 1ml standard PP-tubes for removal of sample matrixes and finally eluted
using 10% CH3OH. A multi-step elution program of 100% HPLC grade C2H3N (B) and H2O (A) with flow
rate 1-1.5ml/min, curve index 5 ranging from 20% to 80% of B were used as mobile phase and observed at
VWD of 203nm to 242nm. Sample validation of the SPE pre-sample treatment was checked by spiking
with known standards of the above target hormones during pre- and post-sample treatment for
percentage recovery (%RE), matrix (%ME) and performance efficiency (%PE) showing 88-101%, 102-111%
and 98-107% respectively both irrespective of male and female species of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus.
The above technique shows a retention time of 4.129min., 6.339mins, 6.647min. and 6.85min. respectively
for cortisol, E2, DHP and T.

Keywords: Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), RP-HPLC-UV, Amur Carp.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9856052387.
E-mail Address: boi_ning@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

102
Stock Structure Analysis of Nemipterus Japonicas from West
Coast of India
Mudasir Maqsood Hakim1£, Miland Sawant2, Ravindra Pawar3, Anil Pawase4
2
College of Fisheries, DBSKKV, Dapoli Maharashtra, India.
3,4
College of Fisheries DBSKKV Dapoli, India.
JKSC-303

Abstract

Morphometric analysis of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) was studied along the west coast of India by using
Conventional and Truss morphometry. Fish samples were collected from six geographical locations viz.,
Veraval, Mumbai, Ratnagiri, Panaji, Malpe and Cochin representing five states along the west coast of the
country. A total of 435 fish samples for morphometric analysis were selected. A total of 15 homologous
landmarks to get 16 linear distances and 10 homologous landmarks to get 21 inter-landmark distances were
used for the conventional and truss analysis respectively. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients,
and multivariate statistical methods of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function
Analysis (DFA) effectively segregated the fish populations. Both PCA and DFA distinctly identified
Ratnagiri and Cochin stocks from the remaining populations. However, PCA did not effectively
discriminated the fish stocks in conventional morphometrics. PC1 in conventional morphometrics
accounted for 95.25% of total variation while in truss morphometrics the first two components (PC1 and
PC2) evoked meaningful variation of 88.20% and 4.68% respectively. The DFA method in conventional
morphometrics analysis correctly classified 92.3% of original grouped cases and 90.5% of cross-validated
grouped cases. In truss morphometric analysis DFA correctly classified 95.5% of original and 93.6% of
cross-validated grouped cases. Thus, morphometric analysis showed the existence of Ratnagiri and Cochin
as separate stocks and mixing for Veraval, Mumbai, Panaji and Malpe stocks.

Keywords: Nemipterus Japonicus, Stock Discrimination, Morphometric Analysis, Conventional Morphometrics, Truss
Network Analysis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491003154.
E-mail Address: hmudasirm@skuastkashmir.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

103
Studies on the Artificial Breeding of Brown Trout, Salmo
Trutta Farrio from Kashmir Valley
Ishtiyaq Ahmad 1£, Imtiaz Ahmed2, Reyaz Ahmad Wani3, Zubair Ahmad Sheikh4
1,2,3
DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India.
JKSC-380

Abstract

Due to the significant threats posed by nonnative fish species worldwide, it is important to understand
how life-history/breeding strategies of individual species interact with environmental conditions to
explain the success or failure of nonnative fish invasions. Artificial breeding is more applicable than
natural breeding because if we look at the natural brown trout egg breeding in seas or rivers so they have
to face a lot of difficulties like flood, sudden change in temperature and other predators, so they lose lots
of fries in early stage. By artificial method, we can save it from danger. Brown trout are prolific invaders
as well as predatory fish. It fetches high economic value and broad market prospects. An attempt has been
made to study the artificial breeding of rainbow trout, Salmo trutta farrio under captivity in state run fish
hatchery at Kokernag, Kashmir. Fertilization of fish was observed during winter from November to
January. Stripping method was used. In November, first breeding period were selected for 22 specimens
and approximately 9400 eggs were stripped out from 14 female brown trout. The recorded fertilization
rate was found 91.2%. While in second breeding 52000 eggs were stripped out from 41 female brown trout
and 95% eggs were recorded fertilized. During the month of December, 92000 eggs were stripped out
from 81 females and 96.13% eggs were recorded fertilized in first breeding season. In 2nd breeding, 44000
eggs were stripped out from 54 females and 89.5% eggs were recorded fertilized. During the month of
January, 53000 eggs were stripped out from 62 females and 96.75% eggs were recorded fertilized in first
breeding period while for second breeding, 71000 eggs were stripped out from 62 females and 92.23% eggs
were recorded fertilized. The optimum temperature concentration for best fertilization was 8°C. It was
also observed in our research work that environmental factor has great effect on brown trout hence for
quality assurance at hatchery, pollution should be controlled.

Keywords:: Brown Trout, Breeding, Eggs, Kokernag, Fertilization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9086941897.
E-mail Address: safish999@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

104
Studies on the Yolk Consumption and Initiation of Feeding in
Case of Labeo Rohita under Laboratory Conditions
Yahya Bakhtiyar 1£, Seema Langer2
1
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1161

Abstract

The study was carried out to study the time taken by the larvae of Labeo rohita to consume the yolk and
initiate exogenous feeding under laboratory conditions. The results suggested that the newly hatched
larvae of L. rohita utilized 30% yolk reserve within 24 hours post hatching at 24± 20C temperature in case
of both unfed and fed larvae but later on the yolk utilization slowed down in case of fed larvae than the
unfed ones. In the absence of food the larvae completely utilized their yolk reserve by the 6th day where
as in case of fed larvae the traces of yolk were observed even on 11th day post hatching (dph). The newly
hatched larvae of L. rohita were observed to initiate feeding from the second day post hatching even before
the yolk was exhausted. On the second day about 23.33% larvae were observed to have traces of exogenous
food in their gut and exogenous feeding was observed in all the larvae of L. rohita by the day 6 when larvae
met its energy demands by both endogenous and exogenous mode of feeding. The newly hatched larvae
have endogenous source of food reserves in the form of yolk. In the present study the utilization of yolk
was estimated upto the 13th day of the age (when practically whole of the yolk was utilized at 24±20C ).
Due to irregularity of yolk sac, the estimation of the rate of yolk utilization was determined by calculating
the area of yolk from camera lucida drawings of yolk sac. The yolk sac was measured every day until the
yolk was completely exhausted. Newly hatched larvae of L. rohita were found to utilize the yolk completely
by the 6th day post hatching (dph) in case of unfed larvae whereas in case of fed larvae traces of yolk were
observed uptil 11th dph.

Keywords:: Feedig, Labeo Rohita, Yolk Utilization, Initiation Of Feeding, Jammu.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419125503.
E-mail Address: yahya.bakhtiyar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

105
Study on Haematological Parameters of Schizothorax Niger
Heckel during Three Seasons Pre-Spawning, Spawning and
Post-Spawning Periods in Dal Lake, Kashmir
Iqra Farooq Wani 1£, Farooz Ahmad Bhat2
Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1059

Abstract

Schizothorax niger Heckel during pre-spawning, spawning and post-spawning periods in Dal Lake,
Kashmir from November, 2013 to July, 2014. Fishes ranging in length from 75-374 mm. and in weight from
56-557g were taken during the study. The mean values of haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, PCV, MCV, MCH and
ESR were recorded as 6.45 g/dl, 2.34—106/mm3, 4.36—104/mm3, 29.86%, 130.68µm3, 27.78 µg and 3.49
mm/hr respectively of the fish during pre-spawning period. During spawning period the mean value of
haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, ESR were recorded as 4.57 g/dl, 2. The present study was
conducted to investigate changes in haematological parameters of 35—106/mm3, 7.44—104/mm3, 23.66%,
107.06 µm3, 20.26 µg and 1.58 mm/hr respectively. During post-spawning period the mean value of
haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, ESR were recorded as 6.19 g/dl, 2.56—106/mm3, 5.26—
104/mm3, 26.86%, 107.60 µm3, 23.6 µg and 4.06 mm/hr respectively. Hb, PCV, ESR, MCH, MCV were found
low in fish during spawning period as compared to pre-spawning.

Keywords: Schizothorax Niger, Dal Lake, Haematological Parameters, Kashmir Valley.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006733901.
E-mail Address: iqrawanifsc@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

106
Variations in Protein Estimation and Fatty Acid Classes During
Different Developmental Stages of Rainbow Trout Testes
Rayees Ahmad Bhat 1£
Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
JKSC-1177

Abstract

The present study characterized estimation of protein and fatty acid composition of male rainbow trout
in their different gonadal maturation stages. In fish testes, the protein content varied during different
developmental stages. It increased from the immature stage to mature stage, and thereafter showed a
slight decline in the spent stage. The protein content during immature stage was 40.28±2.3 mg/g, while
for maturing stage, the protein content obtained was 69.4±6.8 mg/g. In mature stage, it showed abrupt
increase and the protein content was calculated as 109.6±8.3 mg/g, while in spent stage there was a
reduction in protein content with a value of 32.9±1.2 mg/g. A significant positive relationship was found
between protein content and different developmental stages of fish testis (p<0.05). While in case of fatty
acid composition, gonad fatty acid composition varied within each maturity stage. The saturated fatty
acids found in the different stages of testicular maturation were Tetradecanoic acid, Hexadecenoic acid,
Octadecanoic acid, Octanoic acid and Pentadecanoic acid,. The monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
fatty acids found were Oleic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Undecylenic acid, Eicosatetraenoic acid,
Docosahexaenoic acid, Docopentaenoic acid and Eicosadienoic acid.

Keywords: Protein Estimation, Free Fatty Acids, Maturation Stage and Saturated Fatty Acids.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9896880715.
E-mail Address: sdhsaini@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

107
Plant Science
110
Altitudinal Variability in Major Bioactive Compounds from
High Value Medicinal Plants of Kashmir Himalayas
Syed Mudassir Jeelani£, Arti Sharma, Gulzar A. Rather, Surrinder K. Lattoo
Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
JKSC-450

Abstract

The Kashmir Himalayas is a treasure-trove of large variety of highly important medicinal plants. Most of
these are well reputed for their pharmacological activities. In the present study, identification and
quantification of major bioactive compounds in different populations of Aconitum heterophyllum, A.
chasmanthum, Gentiana kurroo, Inula racemosa, Rumex crispus, R. dentatus, R. nepalensis and Valeriana
wallichii was carried out. Quantitative and qualitative chemoprofiling was based on tissue- and location-
specific comparison among extant cytotypes. These studies were further corroborated with
comprehensive cytological studies of different populations from Kashmir Himalayas. These investigations
alluded to the occurrence of different chromosomal races viz. n = 13, 26 in G. kurroo; n = 30, 40 in R.
crispus; n = 20, 60; R. dentatus; n = 30, 40, 50, 60 in R. nepalensis; and n = 8, 16, 24 in V. wallichii.
Concentration of different phytoconstituents viz. aconitine, mesaconitine and hypoaconitine in A.
heterophyllum and A. chasmanthum; sweroside, swertiamarin and gentiopicroside in G. kurroo;
alantolactone and iso-alantolactone in I. racemosa; emodin, physcion, piceatannol, resveratrol and rutin
in Rumex species; as well as valeric and valerenic acid in V. wallichii as determined by HPLC/LC-MS
analyses showed positive correlation with the increasing ploidy status and altitudinal gradients. These
results revealed that the cytotypes flourishing at higher altitudes tend to accumulate copious amounts of
secondary metabolites. Chemical and chromosomal plasticity in terms of higher content of phytochemical
constituent(s) and polyploidy status seem to enhance the adaptability of a species particularly at higher
altitudes.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Cytotypes, HPLC/LC-MS, Meiosis, Polyploidy, Phytoconstituents.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596782434
E-mail Address: sandrabi555@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

111
Antimycotic Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Leaf Extracts
of Ajuga Bracteosa Wall Ex. Benth and Iris Kashmiriana
Baker Against Vegetable Rot Fungi
Jahangir Abdullah Koka£1, Abdul Hamid Wani2, Mohd Yaqub Bhat3, Tariq Ahmad
Wani4
1,2,3
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India
4
Department of Botany, Degree College, Sopore, India
JKSC-773

Abstract

Antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex. Benth and Iris kashmiriana
Baker were carried out through agar well diffusion assay at three concentrations (25µl, 50µl and 75µl)
against seven rot causing fungi, viz. Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor plumbeus, Alternaria
alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichothecium roseum and Rhizoctonia solani. All the concentration
of plant extracts showed antimitotic activity against test pathogenic fungi. Antimitotic activity showed
gradual increase with the increase in concentrations of plant extracts. However higher concentrations
proved more effective than lower concentrations. It was revealed from the present study that the ethanolic
extract of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex. Benth showed maximum antimitotic activity against Mucor plumbeus
and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Penicillium chrysogenum. However, the aqueous extract
of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex. Benth showed maximum antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and
Penicillium expansum and least activity against Trichothecium roseum. The results further revealed from
the present study that the ethanolic extract of Iris kashmiriana Baker showed maximum antimycotic
activity against Aspergillus niger and least activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Whereas the aqueous
extract of Iris kashmiriana Baker showed maximum antimycotic activity against Penicillium expansum and
Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Aspergillus niger. Thus all the test plant extracts showed
varied antimitotic activity against test fungi.

Keywords: Antimycotic Activity, Pathogenic Fungi, Plant Extracts, Agar Well Diffusion.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596348876
E-mail Address: kokajahangir76@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

112
Biological Sensitivity of Chemical Mutagens on Mungbean
(Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Mohammad Rafiq Wani£, Abdul Rashid Dar, Afroza Akhter, Irfana Amin Qureshi,
Naseer Hussain Shah, Reyaz ul Rehman
Department of Botany, Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Govt. Degree College, Bemina, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-454

Abstract

Mutagenesis is a sustainable technique available with plant breeders to broaden the genetic base of crop
plants and to create a gene pool of various desirable agro-economic traits. Using large number of M1
biological parameters individually or in combination, it is possible to identify an appropriate dose of
mutagen for achieving desired plant attributes in subsequent generations. Biological damage in terms of
inhibition in seed germination, seedling growth, plant survival at maturity and pollen fertility particularly
in M1 generation has been used as a criterion to determine the effect of mutagen and the sensitivity of
biological material. Since information about the chemo-mutagenic effects on seed germination, seedling
height, pollen fertility and plant survival at maturity is scanty in mungbean, the present investigation was
therefore carried out to study and compare the impacts of three chemical mutagens viz., ethylmethane
sulphonate (EMS)-an alkylating agent, hydrazine hydrate (HZ)- a base analogue and sodium azide (SA)-a
respiratory inhibitor on various biological parameters in M1 and M2 generations of mungbean varieties
PDM-11 and NM-1. For the varieties under study, the dose dependent reduction in all the biological
parameters, except plant survival at maturity was observed in both M1 and M2 generations. Seed
germination and seedling height was found to be affected more adversely in SA treatments followed by
EMS and HZ in both the generations for both the varieties, whereas EMS induced the higher pollen
sterility as compared to HZ and EMS for these varieties and generations. The survival percentage of plants
also decreased in mutagenic treatments, however there was no direct relationship between the dose and
survival. Variety NM-1 was found to be more sensitive than the var. PDM-11 with regard to the above
parameters. Moreover, the extent of reduction for all the biological parameters in M2 generation was
much less as compared to M1, indicating that some recovery mechanism must be operating in between
these two generations.

Keywords: Mutagenesis, Chemical Mutagens, Biological Parameters, Mungbean.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906517207.
E-mail Address: botanyrafiq@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

113
Characterization of Buckwheat Germplasm of Kashmir using
RAPD Markers
Javaid Ahmad£1, Aijaz A. Wani2, Inayatullah Tahir3

1,2
Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
3
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-777

Abstract

Buckwheat is an annual herb belonging to the family polygonaceae. It is of high nutritive and medicinal
value as the seed contains high concentration of all essential amino acids, especially lysine. It is a rich
source of rutin, quercitin, dehydroquercitin and catechin which exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-
hypertension, and anti-diabetic properties. Iron content of buckwheat is the highest among all the cereal
and legume crops. However, recently buckwheat is re-emerging as a potential future crop due to its stress
tolerant nature, low cost/benefit ratio and high nutritional and medicinal value. In this backdrop the
present study was undertaken to assess the buckwheat germplasm from Kashmir Himalaya for future use
in plant breeding programs in order to enrich the food basket of the region. A total of 05 accessions
designated as A2, A3, B1, B3 and C1 were collected from different parts of J&K state and grown in the
Kashmir University Botanical Garden (KUBG). In order to find the genetic relationship among the
buckwheat accessions, analysis was done based on ten decamer RAPD markers. The dendrogram clustered
the accessions into 2 main groups. Cluster I included two buckwheat accessions, A2 and A3while as cluster
II comprised of three accessions. In this cluster B1 and B3 have formed a separate sub-cluster revealing the
close relationship to each other, while as C1 clustered as an outgroup. Morphologically these five
accessions were separated into three species namely F. esculentum, F. sagittatum and F. kashmiranum.
Based on morphology and RAPD analysis, our preliminary results suggest that the present accessions
belong to three different species viz. Fagopyrum esculentum (A2 and A3), Fagopyrum sagitatum (B1 and
B3) and Fagopyrum kashmerianum (C1). From this study we can conclude that the marker analysis can be
effectively used to dilute species redundancy found in the genus Fagopyrum.

Keywords: Buckwheat, Variability, RAPD, Dendrogram.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906515519.
E-mail Address: javaidjak786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

114
Chickpea Ionone to Facilitate Gene Discovery for Nutritional
Traits in Chickpea
Humara Fayaz Darzi£1, Asma Hamid Mir2, Aijaz. A. Wani3, Irshad Ahmad Rather4,
Mohd Ashraf Bhat5, Reyazul Rouf Mir6
1,3,
Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Departent of botany,University of Kashmir,India.
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture SKAUST-K , Sopore,India.
2,4,5,6

JKSC-1042

Abstract

Food and nutritional security continue to be major global concerns. An increased reliance on major food
crops has been accompanied by a shrinking of the global food basket. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the
second most important cool season food legume in the world after dry beans. It is a good source of
carbohydrates and proteins, together constituting about 80% of the total dry seed mass in comparison to
other pulses. In addition, the seeds of chickpea harbor ample concentration of important micro and
macro-nutrients due to which this crop is considered as "poor man’s meat and rich man’s vegetable".
Micronutrient-rich staple food has a potential to address micronutrient deficiencies and provide a
sustainable solution to global health issues, chickpea being one such reservoir. Dependence on a small
number of cereal crops has led to increasing concerns about human diets being energy rich but nutrient
poor. Keeping in view its nutritional and medicinal value, Chickpea has a great potential of becoming an
alternate food crop and can play a significant role in the future food security. For the development of high
yielding nutrient dense Chickpea cultivars extensive efforts have been made by us to procure a set of 400
genotypes including cultivated Cicer arietinum germplasm (green chickpeas, Desi and Kabuli germplasm,
breeding lines, landraces), primary gene pool species Cicer reticulatum germplasm, secondary gene pool
species Cicer echinospermum germplasm and cold tolerant tertiary gene pool species Cicer microphyllum.
All these lines have been evaluated in field and green house for variety of traits. Among the most important
traits, we have initially analyzed chickpea ionome (including seed Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, K, Ca, Mg) for a set of
40 lines including cultivated chickpea (green seeded, Kabuli, desi) as well as few wild chickpeas. Data
analysis indicated that the concentrations (ppm) of micro-nutrients among the different lines showed
greater variations as, Fe (82.6-143.5) with an average of 106.385 ppm, Zn (26.95-46.89) with an average of
37.57 ppm, Cu (1.3-10.2) with an average of 4.5525 ppm, Mn (1570-3790) with an average of 2680 ppm, K
(7671-14979) with an average of 10245.58 ppm, Ca (1130-14490) with an average of 3697 ppm, Mg (13203-
33264) with an average of 19903.65 ppm. The analyses indicated that some of the genotypes CP-Y10, CP-
Y14, CP-19, CP-30, CP-Y15 and 10R are nutrient dense and are rich in Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and K rich
respectively. Further, the nutrient dense lines will be evaluated by genotyping using different markers for
marker assisted selection of elite chickpea genotypes.

Keywords: Chickpea, Nutrient profile, SNP, Nutrient diversity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596528009.
E-mail Address: fhumaa112@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

115
Cumulative Role of Gamma Degraded Sodium Alginate and
Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Biochemical Processes and
Yield Attributes in Mentha spicata L.
Mohammad Afaan Fazili£
Aligarh Muslim University, India
JKSC-564

Abstract

Plant metabolites, according to their composition, are grouped as alkaloids, glycosides, corticosteroids as
well as essential oils. Application of ionizing radiation to degrade natural bioactive agents, such as sodium
alginate and then using them as growth promoting substances is a novel emerging technology to exploit
full genetic potential of crops in terms of growth, yield, and quality. In the present study, a pot experiment
was performed to evaluate the influence of different doses of sodium alginate, irradiated by Co-60 gamma
rays together with various nitrogen doses on growth, physiology and yield attributes in Mentha spicata L.
Out of the various applied doses ISA60 (60 mg L -1) together with N60 (60 mg L-1) proved to be the
optimal dose for almost all the parameters studied at 90 days after plantation. The main constituents of
the essential oil found were carvone (34.04%), β-pinene (2.51%), 1,8-cineole (12.65%), β-caryophyllene
(1.32%) and trans-dihydrocarvone (2.9%).

Keywords: Sodium Alginate, Essential Oils, Ionizing Radiation, Carvone,β-Pinene,1,8-Cineole.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622957272
E-mail Address: afaanfazili@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

116
Cyto-Morphological Diversity of Buttercups (Ranunculus L.)
and their Changing Demography in Kashmir Himalaya
Fayaz Ahmad Lone£1, Gh. Hassan Dar2, B. A. Wafai3
1
Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College (Boys) Kupwara, India.
2,3
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-474

Abstract

Kashmir Himalaya, constituting part of the Great Himalayan Range, represents a repository of buttercups
growing at different altitudes from plains to subalpine/alpine meadows. Belonging to genus Ranunculus
L. they are terrestrial or aquatic, annual or perennial, represented by 18 species (viz., R. arvensis, R.
brotherusii, R. chaerophyllos, R. hirtellus, R. hyperboreus, R. laetus, R. lingua, R. membranaceus, R.
munroanus, R. muricatus, R. natans, R. palmatifidus, R. pulchellus, R. rubrocalyx, R. sceleratus, R.
trichophyllus, R. tricuspis, and R. trilobus) in the study area. Of these R. palmatifidus is endemic to north-
west Himalaya, while seven species (R. brotherusii, R. chaerophyllos, R. hyperboreus, R. membranaceus, R.
natans, R. pulchellus, R. tricuspis,) are restricted to trans-Himalayan region (Ladakh). R. hirtellus grows in
Ladakh as well as in subalpine/alpine meadows of Kashmir valley. All the species are based on x=8 except
R. laetus which has a base number of 7. The ploidy level of the species ranges from diploid to 16-ploid
with maximum representation in tetraploid slot. Due to unsustainable developmental activities in
Kashmir valley and overgrazing by cattle in pastures, R. lingua, R rubrocalyx and R. munroanus, with sparse
populations only in the valley, have become threatened, hence need to be conserved. R. hirtellus, mostly
growing under the shade of Abies and Betula at higher altitudes and subalpines/alpine heaths of Kashmir
valley, is becoming threatened due to habitat loss on account of natural catastrophes like landslides and
indiscriminate cutting of such trees for commercial purposes and other developmental activities. The size
and number of populations of R. sceleratus, the celery-leaved buttercup, are increasing at an alarming
pace due to eutrophication of water bodies. On the other hand, R. trilobus, the three-lobed buttercup, has
recently got introduced from subtropical parts of India into the valley and is successfully competing with
and replacing already existing populations of R. arvensis due to its higher seed output (10-fold) as
compared to the latter and more than 90% seed germination. Due to loss of microhabitat, which is so
fragile in subalpine/alpine heaths, by natural causes and anthropogenic activities particularly unregulated
un-ecofriendly tourism, some of the buttercups (viz., R. diffusus, R. kamchaticus, R. jacquemontii, R.
rufosepalus) reported earlier by some authors from the study area have not been found despite exhaustive
survey.

Keywords: Ranunculus, Buttercups, Kashmir Himalaya, Ploidy Level, Changing Demography.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419037961.
E-mail Address: falonebotany@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

117
Development of Genetically Encoded FRET-Based Nano-
Sensor of Catechin (Antioxidant) for Real-Time Monitoring
Habiba Kausar£, Aadil Yousuf Tantray, Ruphi Naz, Ghazala Ambrin, Altaf Ahmad
Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University,Uttar Pradesh, India.
JKSC-1514

Abstract

Catechin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite, which have great role in the
molecular mechanisms in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix degradation, regulation of cell death,
diabetes, multi-drug resistance in cancer and other related disorders of human. Underlying its crucial role,
it becomes important to unfold the dynamics of catechin in order to understand its regulatory effects.
Hence in present study we will develop a florescence based genetically encoded Nano sensor by
sandwiching catechin binding protein between the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair, the
cyan florescent protein and yellow florescent protein which will provide us the antioxidant level and its
rate of changes in live cell and in real time. The technique of molecular cloning of expression in
bacteria/yeast with principle of Forster resonance energy transfer assay is used, which will give us the
change in emission of acceptor fluorophore with change in concentration of catechin-antioxidant. The
usefulness of this technique derives from the fact that the efficiency of the energy transfer process varies
as the inverse of the sixth power of the distance separating the donor and acceptor fluorophores, therefore
small changes in distance lead to large changes in FRET efficiency. Hence Nano sensor can be a versatile
tool for studying the in vivo dynamics of catechin non-invasively in living cells.

Keywords: Catechin, Antioxidant, FRET, Cyan Florescent Protein, Yellow Florescent Protein.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.:+91 9536807955.
E-mail Address: habiba.amu@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

118
Differential-Expression Proteome Profiling of Nitrogen-
Inefficient and Nitrogen-Efficient Rice Genotypes
Aadil Yousuf Tantray£, Altaf Ahmad Khan, Ruphi Naz, Habiba Kausar, Ghazala
Ambrin
Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University,Uttar Pradesh, India.
JKSC-1446

Abstract

The consumption of nitrogen (N) fertilizers has increased almost 300-folds in last 50 years. It is heart
rendering to know that only 30-40 % of applied N is utilized by plant. Rest 60-70 % remains unutilized,
creating severe environmental and health hazards. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) has significant
impact on crop growth as well as on the reduction in production cost. Given this, it is high time to develop
strategy to reduce the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer without any penalty on crop productivity. In
our study we have deployed comparative proteome analysis using 2‒ dimensional gel-electrophoresis (2-
DE) to investigate the effect of the N nutrition on differential expression pattern of leaf proteins in N-
inefficient/efficient rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes. The analysis of differential expression pattern of
proteins reveals the result of significant variations in the expression of some protein spots under low N-
treatments (NO3) in four genotypes with total of 210, 234, 294 and 230 protein spots. Our results provide
new insights towards the altered protein pattern in response to N stress. Through this study we suggest
that genes functioning in many physiological events coordinate the response to availability of nitrogen
and also for the improvement of NUE of crops.

Keywords: Oryza Sativa, NUE, Proteomics, 2-DE, Differential Expression.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9760092972.
E-mail Address: tantray.rs@amu.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

119
Diversity and Efficient Conservation Strategies of Some
Imperative Orchid Species Growing in Kashmir Himalaya-
India
Gowhar Ahmad Shapoo£, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo, Seema,Singh, Aijaz Hassan Ganie,
Bilal Ahmad Tali, Samar Amin, Jasfeeda Qadir
Department of Botany ,University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-588

Abstract

Orchidaceae, a monocot family is the second largest family of flowering plants in the world with 870
genera and more than 25,000 species of herbaceous perennials that include terrestrial, saprophytic,
lithophytic and epiphytic species. Orchids are widely distributed in all continents except Antarctica, but
reach their maximum diversity in the humid tropical regions. Orchids have also adapted themselves to
every other environment, ranging from swamps to barren rocks, from tropical to temperate and even
alpine climes. As per the recent literature available; In India, the family constitutes 9% of the flora and is
represented by 177 genera and 1195 species. In Jammu and Kashmir, the recent checklist reports 44 orchid
species. As orchids are an important component of natural vegetation, these have been utilized for
medicinal and ornamental purposes since times immemorial. Because of their extremely heterozygous
nature and slow vegetative propagation, efficient conservation strategies are very important for mass
propagation and commercialization of these prized plants. Studies pertaining to their habitat diversity
and conservation strategies were initiated in the year 2010 and during the last seven years the various
aspects studied included- Survey and documentation, collection and transplantation of different species
in Kashmir University Botanical Garden (KUBG) for germplasm conservation, evaluation of habitat
diversity, reproductive biology and phenotypic variability in relation to altitude of some orchid species,
in vitro studies including standardization of protocols for rapid in vitro seed germination and
development of Protocorm Like Bodies and development of efficient agro techniques. Vegetative
propagation of some of the valued orchid species have also been successfully achieved for large scale
propagation and conservation for sustainable development.

Keywords: Orchids, Monocot, Survey, Habitat Diversity, In Vitro, Agrotechniques, Sustainable Development.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697081057.
E-mail Address: gashapoo@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

120
Documentation of Wild Mushroom Diversity of Kashmir
Himalaya Using Morphological and Molecular Approaches
Sheikh Sajad Ahmed£1, Zafar A. Reshi2, Khurshid I. Andrabi3
Department of Botany ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
Department of Biotechnology ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1507

Abstract

In view of their traditional and recently discovered multifarious roles and importance, correct
identification and documentation of wild mushrooms has assumed significance. Earlier taxonomic studies
on mushrooms were based exclusively on morphological features but recent molecular approaches have
helped in their proper taxonomic appraisal. Thus, both morphological and molecular approaches were
employed in the present study which resulted in identification, documentation and characterization of
about 105 wild mushroom taxa in Kashmir Himalaya belonging to 28 genera and 08 families. Most
dominant genera were Russula, Cortinarius, Amanita, Ramaria and Boletus. Use of molecular methods
has helped in correct identification of many wild mushroom species.

Keywords: Mushrooms, Kashmir Himalaya, Diversity, CTAB, ITS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797950575.
E-mail Address: sajsmsc@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

121
Domestication of Underutilized Crops
Reiaz Ul Rehman£
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-514

Abstract

There is an overwhelming reliance on wheat, rice and maize for the food security (calorie intake) in the
current world. However, there remains a question to what extent these crops would sustain in the longer
run due to many factors especially the climate change and land use pattern. To address these concerns
there is a need to bring in broader range of crops such as millets and buckwheat into mainstream.
Buckwheat is an underutilized crop which includes many species F. esculentum, F. emarginatum, F.
tataricum, F. kashmiarianum, F. giganteum,F.cymosum which have been reported from Indian Himalaya.
Similarly, there is a lot of diversity in millets particularly in minor or small millets especially grown in
temperate north Himalayan region. The six minor or Small millets that are cultivated in India include
Foxtail millet or Italian millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Garetn.), Kodo
Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.), Little millet (Panicum sumatrens Roth. Ex. Roem. and Schultz),
Barnyard millet (Echino chloafrumentacea Roxb. Link.) and Proso millet or Common millet (Panicum
miliaceum L.). These plants consist of many important bioactive constituents and have excellent
nutritional profile possessing dietary fibers, macronutrients and micronutrients. These attributes find
enormous potential in nutraceutical industry as various food products are available in the market. Besides,
having a long history of being cultivated in many parts of the world, they have a long way to find wider
popularity. There are several hindrances inherent which need to be addressed through research and
development to improve upon these crops for accelerated domestication.

Keywords: Bioactive Constituents, Domestication, Neutraceuticals.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796546222.
E-mail Address: rreiazbiores@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

122
Dynamics of Vegetation and Regeneration of Trees along
Elevational Gradients in Relation to Climate Change
Bilal Ahmad Lone£, Subzar Ahmad Nanda, Zafar A. Reshi
Biological Invasion Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
JKSC-819

Abstract

Elevational inclines provide very effective natural conditions for probing out ecological and evolutionary
responses of species to environmental changes, especially climate change. In accordance to this, present
study was carried out in Daksum - Sinthan top area of Kashmir Himalaya, which resulted in identification
of 326 plant species belonging to 230 genera and 104 families. Amongst these, flowering plants were
predominant, with dicots sharing 175 species belonging to 44 families and 131 genera. Also 19 species of
Monocotyledons were reported belonging to 10 families and 16 genera, Gymnosperms consisted of 4
species belonging to 2 families and 4 genera. 33 species of Pteridophytes were reported belonging to 9
families and 16 genera. Bryophytes were 39 species belonging to 22 families and 33 genera and Lichens
were 56 species belonging to 17 families and 30 genera. During the study it has been seen that the
regeneration of seedlings is more under shrubs as they may provide the safeguard against the herbivores
and other anthropogenic activities.

Keywords: Altitudinal Gradient, Climate Change, Regeneration, Anthropogenic Activities.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797022814.
E-mail Address: bilalrst111@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

123
Effect of Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract on Multi-Drug
Resistant Human Pathogens-Escherichia Coli and
Staphylococcus Aureus
Shahnaz Anjum£1, Urfeya Mirza2, Shayista Yousuf3
1,3
Department of Botany, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal Central University, Uttarakhand, India.
2
Division of Veterinary Surgery And Radiology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir,India.
JKSC-866

Abstract

Catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant of the apocynaceae family is used as medicine for the
treatment of various diseases- menorrhagia, rheumatism, dyspepsia, indigestion, dysmenorrhea, diabetes,
hypertension, cancer, menstrual disorders, skin diseases, bleeding, diarrhea and has sedative and antiviral
properties due to the presence of more than 70 different types of alkaloids and chemotherapeutic agents
in its leaves. Plant derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several
clinically useful anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity and
phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves against the clinical isolates of
multi-drug resistant human pathogenic gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive
(Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by agar well diffusion method. It showed broad-spectrum antibacterial
activity with inhibition zones ranging from 5 to 15mm. Five different dilutions (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%
and a control) were made from the extract and then placed in five test tubes separately. Zone of inhibition
varied with the dilutions and the organism tested. Two readings were taken and the plant extract proved
to be effective against both the pathogens but maximum inhibition zone diameter of 15mm was obtained
against Escherichia coli in 1.0 dilution. The outcome demonstrates antimicrobial potential of
Catharanthus roseus and hence lends support for its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of various
ailments.

Keywords: Agar Well Diffusion Method, Alkaloids, Antimicrobial Activity, Multi-Drug Resistant, Plant Extract.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906608135.
E-mail Address: shinaz.anjum@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

124
Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Physiological and
Biochemical Parameters of Salt Stressed Mustard Plants
Naveed Gulzar£, M.P. Sharma, Peerzada Yasir Yousaf
Jamia Hamdard New Delhi, India.
JKSC-266

Abstract

Salt stress brings about a considerable change in the physiological and biochemical processes, which
significantly affect productivity of the plants. In this study it was assessed that Nitrogen and phosphorus
along with their combined treatments appreciably restore these physiological and biochemical changes
within salt-stressed mustard plants. In the present study four experimental lines were set up
simultaneously viz. NaCl (T1), NaCl + N (T2), NaCl + P (T3) and NaCl + N + P (T4). The T4 samples showed
highly significant results with respect to biomass accumulation (1.43 fold), chlorophyll content (1.29 fold),
protein content (1.29 fold), nitrate reductase activity (1.53 fold), SOD activity (1.88 fold), APX activity (1.78
fold), Catalase activity (1.84 fold) with respect to salt stressed plants. Thus our results suggest that overall
growth and productivity of the salt stressed mustard plants can be recovered by the combined
augmentation of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

Keywords: Salt stress, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Mustard plants, Salt stress.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006257318.
E-mail Address: naveedgulzar789@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

125
Effect of Various Factors on Protoplast Isolation in Artemisia
Amygdalina Decne
Mohammad Yaseen Mir£1, Gulab Khan Rohela2, Azra N. Kamili3, Qazi P. Hassan4
1
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute Pampore, India.
3
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir ,India.
4
CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-657

Abstract

Artemisia amygdalina Decne is an endemic and critically endangered medicinal plant species available in
subalpine regions of Kashmir and other parts of North Western Himalayas. This medicinally important
plant was reported for its antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities etc.
As protoplasts are totipotent in nature, they can serve as raw material for biotechnological applications
and for somatic hybridization studies through protoplast fusion. In the present research study, a protocol
was developed and standardized various factors for the isolation of protoplasts from the mesophyll cells
of Artemisia amygdalina Decne, by enzymatic method. Among the combinations of enzyme solutions
tested, maximum yield of protoplasts (6.365±0.262x106g-1 fresh weight) was obtained from the
combination of 1.5% cellulase, 0.5% macerozyme and 0.3% pectinase with 11% mannitol, incubation period
of 10 Hrs. at pH of 5.7, temperature of 27° C and at 100 rotations per minute (RPM) on a rotary shaker.
But when count of viable protoplasts was concerned which were stained with 1% Evans blue stain, the
maximum yield of viable protoplasts (4.926±0.224x106g-1 fresh weight) and viability percentage (82.5%)
were obtained from same conditions but with 12% mannitol. Steel mesh of 45µ pore size is used for
separating the isolated protoplasts and its purification was carried out by sucrose (21%) based density
gradient centrifugation at 800 RPM for 5 minutes. As the protoplasts were used as raw materials for
biotechnological applications, the developed protocol could be used efficiently for the improvement of A.
amygdalina Decne through genetic transformation experiments.

Keywords: Artemisia Amygdalina, Cellulase, Pectinase, Macerozyme, Osmoticum, Protoplasts.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006179087.
E-mail Address: yaseencord36@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

126
Emerging Role of Depolymerized Polysaccharides as Plant
Growth Regulators
Tariq Ahmad Dar£1, Moin Uddin2
Government Degree College for Women Pulwama, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University, India.
JKSC-1007

Abstract

Natural polysaccharides such as sodium alginate, chitosan and carageenan after degradation into lower
molecular weight oligomeres through acid hydrolysis, enzymatic method or gamma ray’s irradiation are
known to influence plant growth and development. After being degraded into oligomeric forms using Co-
60 generated gamma-rays, they have valid application in the field of agriculture, as plant growth
promoters. Radiation-processed polysaccharides (sodium alginate, carageenan and chitosan) are known
to promote various biological and physiological activities of plants including, shoot elongation, root
growth, seed germination, flower production, phytoalexin induction, antimicrobial activity, amelioration
of heavy metal stress and plant growth in general. Gamma irradiated sodium alginate (ISA) promotes
plant growth parameters in addition to improving the production of alkaloids and active constituents in
different medicinal plants like Papaver somniferum, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha arvensis, Eucalyptus
citrodora, Artemisia annua, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Trigonella foenum-graecum. The chitosan-
oligomers have special biological, chemical and physical properties, different from that of the ordinary
chitosan. Foliar application of gamma-irradiated chitosan (IC) showed useful biological activities such as
antibacterial activity, antifungal activity and antitumor activity. Carageenan has also been found to
enhance plant growth and alkaloid content in different plants like catharanthus rosues, Mentha arvensis,
Foeniculum vulgare, Solanum tuberosum etc. in the degraded form.

Keywords: Plant Growth Regulator, Gamma Rays, Alkaloids, Sodium Alginate, Chitosan.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419167391.
E-mail Address: dartariq21@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

127
Enhanced Shoot Regeneration and Varied Root Morphology
of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. in Response to EMS and
Gamma Irradiations in Vitro
Sabreena Rafi£, Azra N. Kamili, Bashir A. Ganai, Javid A. Parray, Mohammad Yaseen
Mir
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-426

Abstract

In the mutation breeding programmers, the selection of mutagen is very much dependent on the type of
plant material to be used and the main aim is to develop efficient methods for inducing the highest rate
of gene mutations with the lowest chromosomal or physiological damage to the mutagen treated plant
material. Radiation treatments probably induce certain changes at genetic level that ultimately get
reflected in the substances that trigger biochemical processes leading to various modifications and
variations in plant characters. Alternatively, EMS is reported to show variations for different
morphological characters probably due to phenotypically constructive multidirectional mutations of
polygenes and the varying response of plants after EMS treatments has been attributed to the differential
sensitivity of different loci among the genotype for same or different characters. In the present study, the
various concentrations of EMS for one-hour time duration and various doses of gamma irradiations were
given to the in vitro raised callus and apical tip explants of Bergenia ciliata and it was observed that the
concentrations/doses of mutagens applied in the present study showed enhanced shoot regeneration
potential and much variation in the root morphology.

Keywords: Gamma Irradiations, In Vitro, Morphology, Bergenia Ciliata.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8082700858.
E-mail Address: sabreenjanwari@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

128
Ethno-Mycological Study, Nutritional Value and Antioxidant
Activity of Some Wild Mushrooms of Kashmir Himalaya
Abdul Rashid Malik£1, Shameem Ahmad Shameem2, Abdul Hamid Wani2, Bashir
Ahmad Ganaie4, Jahangir A. Koka5, Zahoor A. Bhat6
1,3,5,6
Department of Botany University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2,4
Centre of Research for Development(CORD) University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-475

Abstract

Mushrooms have been documented as a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds all over the
world and have been used in ethno-medicine since ancient times. In this backdrop a study was carried
out in the Northern part of Kashmir Himalaya from 2014 to 2017 so as to document the sociobiology,
culinary status and the antioxidant activity of some wild mushrooms, (Rhizopogon villosulus Zeller,
Sparasis crispa Wulfe, Hericium coralloides(Scop.) Pers. Ethno-mycological information with respect to
these edible mushrooms was collected using questionnaires, personal observations and interviews with
the mushroom hunters, herbal healers, old and experienced persons. The studies revealed that these
mushrooms were used by the local inhabitants, herbalists and mushroom hunters as ethno-medicines,
functional foods or purely as food in the form of different recipes. The Herbalists use mushroom powder
either alone or along with some other herbal extracts against many ailments such as urinary tract
infections, fatty liver, memory loss, depression, anger, asthma chest pains, heart ailments and as immuno-
stimulants after prolonged illness. Antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of theses
mushrooms was carried out to evaluate their nutritive and medicinal value. The antioxidant activity of
mushrooms extracts was evaluated by hydroxyl radical scavenging activity using stable DPPH (1,1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), reducing power (RP) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The study revealed
that the mushrooms under study have significant antioxidant potential and rich nutritional value with a
low fat content thus validating their functional food value.

Keywords: Wild Mushrooms, Kashmir Himalaya, Ethno-Medicinal Properties, Nutritional Value, Antioxidant
Activity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419920786.
E-mail Address: armalik2000@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

129
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extracts of
Meconopsis Aculeta royle Against Human Pathogenic
Bacteria
Mudasar Ganaie£1, Tareq Wani2, Zahoor A. Kaloo3, Bashir A. Ganaie4, Hilal A.
Ganaie5, Rafiq A. Shah6, Yaseen A. Sheikh7
Department of Botany University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
1,2,3,6
4,5
Centre of Research for Development(CORD) University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
7
Govt Degree college Sopore, India.
JKSC-358

Abstract

Meconopsis (family Papaveraceae) is a genus of flowering plants, with approximately 50 species.

Meconopsis aculeta Royle is localized in the alpine areas of Kashmir Himalaya. It is used as traditional
medicine. The Meconopsis aculeta is used against cardiac aliments, backache, headache, lung diseases,
ulcers, pharyngitis gynecological disorders and wounds. During the present study Methanolic extract of
Meconopsis aculeta, in different concentrations ranging from 10-100 mg/ml, were subjected to
antibacterial and antifungal screening by Agar Well method against seven selected bacterial strains
(Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus
subtillis, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella typhi) and against fungal stain Aspergillus flavus in order to
estimate the medicinal potential of the herb. The extracts were found to inhibit the growth of all the
bacterial organisms and fungal strains tested. The Methanolic extract showed maximum inhibitory effect
against Gram negative bacteria Bacillus subtilis MTCC-441 while as lowest inhibitory effect was observed
against gram negative bacteria E. coli among the selected microbial strains. The extract also showed
inhibitory effect against fungal strain. The effect induced by Methanolic extract concentrations was
comparable with the standard antibacterial agent Gentamycin, and antifungal agent Nystatin which was
used as effective positive control in the present study.

Keywords: Meconopsis, Antibacterial, Perennial Herb, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797121321.
E-mail Address: mudasar20786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

130
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of
Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray and Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr.;
Two Wild Edible Mushrooms of Kashmir Himalaya
Shauket Ahmed Pala£, Abdul Hamid Wani2, Bashir A. Ganaie3
1
Department of Botany, Government Degre College Shopian, India.
2
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
3
Centre of Research for Development(CORD) University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-982

Abstract

The use of many synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials have been reported to possess carcinogenic
properties and many other ill effects. Therefore, the research on the potential applications of natural
antioxidants and antimicrobials has received much more attention in the present era. The present paper
highlights the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Methanolic extract of two wild edible
mushrooms namely Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray and Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. growing wild in Kashmir
Himalayas. The evaluation of their antioxidant potential through various in-vitro assays such as
quantification of total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing power assay, lipid
peroxidation inhibition assay and protective oxidative DNA damage assay indicates that these mushrooms
possess significant antioxidant activity. In case Lentinus tigrinus IC50 value was found to be 717, 337 and
246 µg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays
respectively. While in Lactarius deliciosus,s IC50 value was found to be 503, 226 and 189 µg/ml for DPPH
radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays respectively. The values
obtained for zone of inhibition through agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) through two fold agar dilution method against six bacterial strains viz., Bacillus
subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and four fungal strains viz., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Pencillium
crysogenium and Aspergillus fumigates showed that they possess paramount antimicrobial activity and
are rich source of antimicrobials against various bacterial and fungal strains.

Keywords: Mushrooms, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Kashmir Himalayas.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858709043.
E-mail Address: sapala29@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

131
Extent of Root Colonization of Anthemis cotula by Arbuscular
Mycorrhizal Fungi in Relation to Altitude in Kashmir
Himalaya
Afshana Bala£, Zafar A. Reshi, Manzoor A. Shah, Irfan Rashid
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1468

Abstract

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi in alien plant invasion has not received sufficient attention. It is in
this context that the present study was undertaken to not only assess the root length colonization of
Anthemis cotula (an invasive plant species in Kashmir Himalaya) by arbuscular mycorrhizas in Kashmir
Himalaya, but also its variation in relation to altitude employing gridline intersection method. The study
revealed a negative correlation between the percent arbuscles and vesicles with increasing altitude.
However, percent hyphae showed a positive correlation with increasing altitude. These findings point
toward the fact that with increasing altitude invasive plants increase hyphae number to maximize water
absorption capacity, and a low arbuscle and vesicle number at higher altitude suggests a lesser nutrient
competition. Present findings may help in unraveling the role AMF play in establishment and spread of
alien invasive species.

Keywords: Invasion, Arbuscle, Vesicle, Mycorrhiza, Anthemis cotula.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006687546.
E-mail Address: anuafshan33@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

132
Floriculture - A Sunrise Industry
Fahima Gul£, Inayatullah Tahir
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-300

Abstract

Since ages flowers have attracted the interest of mankind for being a symbol of beauty and peace. Today
fresh flowers are used across various walks of life from memorials, to departures, conference halls etc. Use
of fresh flowers in one’s everyday life represent a symbol of an improved quality life style being termed as
lifestyle floriculture. Floriculture as an industry began in the late 1800´s in England, where flowers were
grown on a large scale on the vast estates. The present day floral industry is a dynamic, global fast-growing
industry, which has achieved significant growth rates during the past few decades. The floriculture
industry essentially consists of three major components, i.e. growing, packaging and transportation of the
flowers and flower products to the end consumer. The floricultural supply chain is thereby closely
interconnected, and demands an intense cooperation of all its players. Together they constantly are able
to find answers to new market demands and deliver a stunningly wide range of innovative products.
Successful and innovative floriculture is the outcome of specialization and quality control of the breeder,
besides the technologically controlled growing conditions which include temperature, moisture and
illumination and last of all the market strategies of the seller where by a broad range of flowers is made
available for the consumers all the year round. Floriculture across the world has been acknowledged as an
emerging science and a sunrise industry.

Keywords: Floriculture, Lifestyle Floriculture, Sunrise Industry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797770406.
E-mail Address: fahimagul@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

133
Frequency and Abundance of Sparganium erectum L. and
Trapa natans L.(Macrophytes) Altered by Bird Foraging in
Hokersar Wetland, Kashmir
Suzana Bashir£, Azra Naheed Kamili, Manzoor A.Shah
Centre of Research for Development, Kashmir University, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-439

Abstract

Hokersar wetland in Kashmir, Himalaya hosts a large number overwintering water birds as well as summer
migratory and resident birds. All these birds largely depend on the macrophytes growing in the wetlands
for nest building, for cover during breeding, molting, preening and for food. High concentrations of water
birds in wetlands are known to affect ecosystem dynamics, yet very few studies have examined their effects
on the dynamics of macrophytes. In the present study two aquatic macrophytes Sparganium erectum and
Trapa natans typical of wetlands and eutrophic lakes, were taken into consideration for their use by the
birds inhabiting the wetland. Sparganium was found growing in shallower waters and Trapa thrived well
in deeper open waters. Water birds were observed to depend on leaves, roots and seeds of the two plants
and had an impact on the population dynamics of these plants. It was also observed that nutrient loading
resulted in gregarious growth of these macrophytes and in turn water birds reduced the biomass and also
reshaped the vegetation composition of the wetland. Our data support the view that water birds may paly
crucial role in the sustenance of certain plant species with potential consequences for the functioning of
the system as a whole. Since bird herbivory can have great impact on macrophyte biomass and result in a
regime shift so it is implied that the presence of waterfowl should be taken into account in the estimation
of nutrient loadings to be used in water quality management.

Keywords: Waterbirds, Macrophytes,Nutrient Loading, Impact, Population Dynamics, Bird Herbivory.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419429475.
E-mail Address: hokersar@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

134
Fungal Rot of Potato and its Biological Control by
Trichoderma harzanium
Mysara Majeed£, Nusrat Ahmad, Sumaiya Rehman, Jahangir A. Koka, A.H.Wani, M.
Y. Bhat
Department of Botany ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-505

Abstract

Fungal rots are important diseases of fruits and vegetables in Kashmir valley and cause huge losses to the
potato crop. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to study the causal organisms of fungal rot of potato
and devise a particular management strategy for these disease-causing organisms in the present climate
change scenario. The study revealed that different fungi are associated with the potato which lead to its
rotting. The most frequent and abundant fungus associated with potato rot disease identified was
Fusarium sambucinum. The fungus was identified on the basis of morphological, reproductive and cultural
characteristics. During the course of our study, various approaches were employed for the control of the
rot causing fungus on potato, of which the use of antagonistic microorganisms was found to be effective
in controlling the disease. In the present study Trichoderma harzanium was used as antagonistic fungi for
the control of pathogenic rot fungi Fusarium sambucinum which caused significant inhibition in mycelial
growth of Fusarium sambucinum. Inoculation of Trichoderma harzanium at various spore suspension
inhibited the mycelial growth differently. The spore suspension of 5×105 was found to be most effective
in reducing the radial growth of the fungus in in vitro conditions. These results will be help full in
formulation of Trichoderma harzanium on a commercial basis so that it can be incorporated in the
integrated pest management programme of the potato rot.

Keywords: Antagonistic Microorganisms,Trichoderma Harzanium, Fusarium Sambucinum, Spore Suspension, In

Vitro.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803331820.
E-mail Address: bhatmysara3@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

135
Identification and Characterization of Apricot Cultivars/
Genotypes of Kashmir Valley
Showkat A. Zargar£1, Aijaz A. Wani2, M. I. S. Saggoo3
1,2
Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Botany, Punjab, Patilia, India.
JKSC-754

Abstract

Apricot is an attractive, delicious and highly nutritious fruit being cultivated in temperate climates of all
the continents of the world, Asia and Europe being the largest producers. In India, apricot is grown in
Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and to a limited extent in North-eastern hills. This
large extension of apricot is associated with an important genetic diversity, which is threatened to erosion.
The present study was focused on identification, characterization and conservation of apricot genetic
resources in the Kashmir valley. A total of 48 cultivars/genotypes have been identified from Kashmir
Valley so far. A wide variation was found in maturity days, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit size,
shape, color, kernel taste, total soluble solids (TSS), Acidity, and Ph. Most of the cultivars/genotypes had
a relatively medium fruit size (38-46g). In general, fruits had round shape with yellow ground skin color
and sweet kernels. TSS, which depicts the sweetness of the fruit, was found maximum in cv. Afghani (18.33)
while as cv. Khubani had a minimum of 7.53. The pH and acidity ranged between 3.18 to 4.38 and between
0.62 to 0.85 respectively. By assessing the fruit quality parameters, the cultivars showing all the favorable
characteristics can be selected for future breeding programs to develop disease resistance, long shelf life
and other favorable characteristics in apricot.

Keywords: Armeniaca, Pomology, Genetic Resources, Fruit Size, Color, T. S. S, Firmness.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622943346.
E-mail Address: showkatzargar1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

136
Identification, Cloning and Characterization of a Single
MYB-Repeat Transcription Factor, Csmyb13950 from Crocus
sativus L.
Zahid Yaqoob Bhat£, Nasheeman Ashraf
Plant Molecular Biology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-570

Abstract

Crocus sativus, a triploid perennial herb, belongs to Iridaceae family of monocots. The mature dried
stigmas of Crocus sativus L., constitute the worlds costliest spice, saffron. Saffron is an important source
of metabolites called apocarotenoids, mainly crocins, picrocrocin and saffranal. The biosynthetic pathway
of Crocus Apo-carotenoids has been elucidated to a considerable level but the regulatory aspect
responsible for their tissue and developmental stage specific biogenesis is an obscure. In an attempt to
identify a potential regulator of Apo-carotenoid biosynthesis, we identified a single MYB domain
containing transcription factor, CsMYB13950 from Crocus sativus transcriptome, previously generated
from our lab. The tissue specific expression analysis revealed its higher expression in Crocus stigmas which
increased up to anthesis stage and later showed a decline. The gene also showed enhanced expression in
ABA, SA and GA3 phytohormone treatments. CsMYB13950 was seen to have higher expression level in
cold, dehydration, MV and UV stress treatments. The role of CsMYB13950 in abiotic stress tolerance was
confirmed from Nicotiana transient expression study. Further, in order to confirm role of this gene in
regulating Apo-carotenoid metabolism, CsMYB13950 was transiently over expressed in Crocus petals. It
was observed that transiently over expressing plants have higher expression of key pathway genes,
therefore, confirming the role of CsMYB13950 in Apo-carotenoid regulation in Crocus sativus.

Keywords: Transcription Factor, Apocarotenoids, MYB, Stress, Phytohormone .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493065721.
E-mail Address: rzahid.zyb@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

137
Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis and Expression Profiling
of ABC Transporter Family of Crocus sativus L: A Step
Towards Understanding Apocarotenoid Transport
Tabasum Mohiuddin£, Shoib Ahmad Baba, Nasheeman Ashraf
Plant Molecular Biology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-566

Abstract

Crocus sativus has recently become focus of research because it is the only plant species which produces
apocarotenoids like crocin, picrocrocin and safranal in significant amounts. The compounds are
synthesized only in stigma part of the flower, the dried form of which forms commercial saffron. These
compounds impart organoleptic properties to saffron making it world's costliest spice. The Crocus
apocarotenoids are synthesized in plastoglobules and are later transported to vacuole for storage. They
also undergo long distance transport from the site of their synthesis to that of their action. Till so far, no
information is available regarding the mechanism of their transport. In this context, the present study
involves identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling of ATP-binding cassette (ABC)
genes from Crocus with the aim of gaining information about the genes involved in apocarotenoid
transport. ABC proteins represent one of the largest protein families in plants and are known to play role
in a number of biological processes. Here we identified 77 ABC transporter genes from Crocus
transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis of Crocus ABC genes with those of Arabidopsis divided them into 8
subfamilies among which ABCB and ABCG were most predominant. Expression analysis of one member
from each subfamily was performed which demonstrated that the genes showed tissue specific expression.
Further ABC genes belonging to different subfamilies were induced in response to different stress and
hormone treatments suggesting their role in diverse biological processes. These results would facilitate
further investigation into their involvement in Crocus apocarotenoid metabolism and transport.

Keywords: Apocarotenoids, Crocus, ABC Transporters, Stress, Phytohormones .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622576398.
E-mail Address: tabsumji@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

138
In Vitro Culture of Saffron: A Comparative Study of Explants
Bushra Nabi Parray£, Masrat Kareem Dar, Mahpara Mukhtar Kashtwari, Aijaz A Wani
Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology Lab,Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1344

Abstract

Saffron, one of the ancient delicacies, continues to command a very high price in the culinary art. In
Kashmir, saffron is one of the legendary crop grown in well drained karewas of Pampore. Being a triploid,
sterile geophyte, saffron is propagated vegetatively by means of corms. Micro-propagation of saffron has
been a challenging task owing to very slow growth of the explant under in vitro conditions. The selection
of type of explant and standardization of culture conditions for mass multiplication of saffron thus
becomes inevitable keeping in view it huge economic importance and high market value. In the present
study, various explants including leaf, anthers, stigmas and corm pieces were used for induction of callus
followed by regeneration of the same to shooting and corm induction. Besides, whole daughter cormlets
(1-2g weight) were also used for direct shoot induction followed by multiple shooting and corm induction.
For callus induction corm pieces grown on MS medium supplemented with BAP 4.5mg/l and NAA 2.7mg/l
gave best response followed by anthers and stigmas, however, leaf explants did not show any response.
The overall corm induction (8 corms) was achieved in 32 weeks from callus explant. On the other hand,
the duration of corm induction in case of cormlet explant was less i.e., 24 weeks as compared to callus
explant. The multiple shooting response on MS medium supplemented with BAP 2.6mg/l was also much
better in case of cormlet explant which in turn resulted in induction of more number of corms (20 corms)
as compared to callus explant. Thus among various explants used, cormlets proved to give better response.
Further standardization of the technique is required to harvest as many corms as possible under in vitro
conditions.

Keywords: Crocus Sativus, Explant, Micropropagation, Corm Production.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419705254.
E-mail Address: parraybushranabi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

139
In Vitro Fungicidal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
Against Powdery Mildew Fungi
Riyaz Ahmad Mir£, Abdul Hamid Wani, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Showket Ahmad Pala,
Jahangir Koka
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-886

Abstract

Due to hazards, effects of fungicides on the environment as well as on human and plant health need for
alternate approach such as bio-agents have been felt for the control of plant diseases. Keeping in view the
safe usage of bio-agents the present study was undertaken. Methanol extracts from 5 medicinal plant
species, namely Artemisia absinthium L., Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L., Berginia ligulata (Wall.) Engl.,
and Zingiber officinale Roscoe were tested at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml for them in vitro
fungicidal activities against powdery mildew fungi. Their efficacy varied with plant pathogen and plant
species. Very strong fungicidal activity was observed in the methanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium
L. at 2mg/ml conc. against Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea followed by extracts of
Berginia ligulata., Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Allium cepa. The present study brought in light
that medicinal plants can prove best bio-agents for the control of powdery mildew disease.

Keywords: Bio-Agents, Methanolic Extracts, Fungicidal Activity, Powdery Mildew.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906459189.
E-mail Address: botane.patho@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

140
In Vitro Shoot Proliferation of the Nodal Explant of Petunia
hybrida Cv. Ultrastar
Farooq Ahmad Dar£
Department of Botany, BGSB University Rajouri, India.
JKSC-1076

Abstract

Petunia hybrida is an economically important ornamental plant species. The present study has been
carried out to develop a rapid proliferation protocol of Petunia hybrida using nodal explants under
different concentrations of BAP and Kinetin. The explants were washed thoroughly under running tap
water for 1hr, followed by washing with detergent for five minutes. Further washed with tap water and
rinsed with distilled water (3-4) times. These explants were then treated with 0.1% bavistin and Indofil
0.1% for about 20 min. and then rinsed with distilled water (3-5) times. The pretreated explants were
disinfected in Laminar airflow with 20% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for about 6 minutes, then 0.1%
HgCl2 for (6-8) mins. Finally washed with autoclaved distilled water then the explants were inoculated
aseptically on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and
3.0 mg/ l-1 and Kinetin (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) mg/l -1 and IBA at Concentration of 0.5 mg/l-1. Maximum multiple
shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP 2.0 mg/ l-1 + 2.0 mg/l -1 Kinetin and 0.5
IBA mg/ l-. Shoots were then separated and transferred to MS medium with 2.0 mg/l -1 BAP, 1.5 mg/l -1
kinetin and IBA 0.5 mg/l-1 for proliferation. This efficient proliferation protocol developed through nodal
explants could be used as an alternative for mass proliferation of this plant species for commercial
purposes.

Keywords: Proliferation, Protocol, Laminar Air Flow, Ms Medium,Autoclave, Nodal Explant.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906792232.
E-mail Address: shaundar7@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

141
Induction of Mutations in Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) using
Physical and Chemical Mutagens
Masrat Kareem£, Bushra Nabi, Aijaz A. Wani
Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-479

Abstract

Saffron is a valuable spice and medicinal plant due to its unique aroma, bitter taste and red color of
stigmas. This plant species contains more than 150 volatiles and aroma-yielding compounds. It also has
many nonvolatile active components many of which are carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, lycopene, and
various α- and β-carotenes. Being a triploid, this plant grows vegetatively only, and thus there is lack of
variability in the crop plant especially with regard to economically important traits. Because of multiple
health benefits and medicinal properties of saffron, there is an urgent need to develop high yielding
genotypes. Mutation induction has become a proven way of creating variation in crop plants. Mutagenic
agents, such as radiation and certain chemicals can be used to induce mutations and generate genetic
variations from which desired mutants may be selected. For induction of mutations in saffron we treated
corms of uniform size (10-15g) with different doses of gamma rays (2Kr, 4Kr and 6Kr) and EMS (0.2%, 0.3%
and 0.4%) during the growing seasons of 2016 & 2017. Maximum germination, after control, has been
observed in 0.2% of EMS (94%), followed by 0.3% (88.2%) and 0.4% EMS (86%). The minimum
germination (81%) was observed in 2kr treatment of gamma rays followed by 4kr (4.4%). The shoot length
and shoot number per plant followed the same trend. More importantly, few morphological variants viz.
Stigmaless, one stigmatic, two stigmatic’s, four stigmatic and five stigmatic flowers, along with other floral
variations, have been identified during M1 generation. These variants are being carefully monitored for
production of daughter cormlets. The true mutant nature of any of these variants will be worked out
during 2018 growing season. The present studies also proved that gamma rays treatments are more
effective than EMS treatments with respect to the mutation induction in saffron.

Keywords: Saffron, Mutation, Gamma Rays, E.M.S.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906836347.
E-mail Address: masratskp11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

142
Induction of Variability Under in Vitro Conditions Following
EMS Mutagenesis in Hyoscyamus niger L.
Durdana Shah£1, Azra Nahaid Kamili2, Aijaz A. Wani3, Nazish Nazir4, Sumira Tyub5
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
1,2,4,5
3
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinaga, India.
JKSC-362

Abstract

In vitro mutagenesis in combination with molecular marker methods is a potent technique to produce
genetic variability in medicinal plants. Genetic variation is generated constantly by mutational process,
which occurs at different rates in different parts of genome. The rich repository of tropane alkaloid namely
Hyoscyamus niger (Solanaceae family) has been traditionally used for treating heavy coughs, neuralgia,
diarrhoea, bronchitis stomach pain and used as sedative, antispasmodic, stimulant and has been
pharmaceutically used as anticholinergic and antidote to nerve gas poisoning. Hyoscyamus species are
rich sources of tropane alkaloids, mainly hyoscyamine, scopolamine, hyoscine and atropine. The main
focus of the study is to induce mutation in Hyoscyamus nigerL. through in vitro mutagenesis by treating
in vitro grown nodes with 10 different doses of EMS (0.01-0.1%) for 3 hours to monitor the effect of EMS
on morphogenesis. The result analysis revealed that number of shoots, shoots length, shooting percentage
was affected by Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). 0.04% EMS was seen to be effective in terms of
enhancing average shoot number up to (19.7± 0.23) with 100% callusing response (intense callus) as
compared to average shoot number (13.0± 0.35) under normal growth regulators MS +TDZ (14µM) +IBA
(3.5 µM). It was observed that lower concentration of EMS is a significant tool to induce variability in H.
niger that is evident from morphological features, which will be further used for secondary metabolite
analysis using molecular approach.

Keywords: Hyoscyamus Niger, Ems, In Vitro Mutagenesis, TDZ.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622872688.
E-mail Address: durii.amu@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

143
Influence of Altitude on the Morphological and Biochemical
Parameters of Viola Species
Fayeem Aadil£, Reiaz Ul Rehman
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1050

Abstract

Viola species has been recognized as an important medicinal plant due to its role in the treatment of
respiratory disorders and secondary cancer tumors. In the present study, the effects of altitude on
morphological and biochemical parameters (Tyrosine Ammonium Lyase (TAL) and Phenylalanine
Ammonium Lyase (PAL) were investigated. The results revealed a significant difference in plant height,
root length, leaf width and leaf shape. The extent and magnitude of variation can be attributed to the
difference in the altitudinal ranges occupied by Viola species. A dendrogram was constructed on the basis
of distance matrix to find the correlation between Viola canscens and Viola ordarata and on clustering
one group was found to consist of only Viola canscens and the other group contains rest of the Viola
ordorata. Present study also revealed that there was a significant variation in the enzymatic activity viz.
PAL and TAL, which are considered important branch point enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway
mechanism of plants. The maximum PAL activity was observed in the samples collected from Naranag
and Doodhpathri regions, while the least activity was observed Kashmir University and Wanpoh samples.
Similarly, maximum TAL activity was observed in the samples collected from Yusmarg and Daksum
samples, while least activity was observed in the samples collected from Doodhpathr and Wanpoh. In
conclusion, the present study showed that the viola species growing at higher altitude exhibits higher
enzyme activity and morphological adaptations that combats the oxidative stress.

Keywords: Viola Species, TAL, PAL, Morphology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006346957.
E-mail Address: fayeemaadil007@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

144
Invasive of Phalaris Minor a Weed in India
Muzafar Akbar Rather£, Arif Bashir Wani
IASE (Govt. College of Education,), Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1546

Abstract

The growth of invasive alien plants such as Phalaris minor and its ecotypes have spread all over India and
with days it invades new area and grows successfully in new inhabiting areas. Its infestation have increased
day by day in the wheat field and if it remained unchecked it will devastate the whole crop field especially
the wheat field, the major cause for its epidemic spread is its ability to cope with the environmental stress,
some of the reason that were think by some scientists are its production of seed in large number (300-
650/pinnacle), small sized seeds, and due to its competitive nature, some scholars are of observation that
it secret some allelochemicals with which it affect the growth of other plants that are in its
vicinity(allelopathy).

Keywords: Alien, Epidemic, Allelochemicals, Allelopathy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006938846.
E-mail Address: akbarmuzafar98@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

145
Jasmonic Acid Enhances Nickel Stress Tolerance in Raphanus
sativus: Underlying Physiological and Biochemical
Mechanisms
Mudaser Ahmad Mir£, Riffat John
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-411

Abstract

Soil contamination with nickel (Ni) is a persistent threat to crop production worldwide. The present study
examined the putative roles of jasmonic acid (JA) in improving Ni-tolerance in radish. Our findings
showed that priming of radish seeds with JA significantly improved the growth performance of radish
when grown under excessive Ni. The enhanced Ni-tolerance of radish prompted by JA could be ascribed
to its ability to regulate Ni uptake and accumulation, and to decrease Ni-induced membrane damage as
evidenced by reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, lipoxygenase activity and
electrolyte leakage in Ni-stressed plants. JA also boosted redox states and antioxidant capacity in Ni-
stressed plants by maintaining increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione, and enhanced activities of
ROS-detoxifying enzymes compared with Ni-stressed alone plants. Additionally, methylglyoxal
detoxification system was significantly upregulated in JA and JA-primed + Ni-stressed plants, indicating
an alleviating effect of JA on Ni-induced methylglyoxal toxicity. Our results conclude that JA-mediated
regulation of Ni uptake and accumulation, and enhanced ROS-metabolism by activating antioxidant
defense and glyoxalase systems contributed to improved performance of radish under excessive Ni,
thereby suggesting JA as an effective stress regulator in mitigating Ni-toxicity in economically important
radish, and perhaps in other crops.

Keywords: ROS, Jasmonic acid, Antioxidants, Ascorbate, Glutathione, Radish.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493939536.
E-mail Address: mirmudaser@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

146
Linking Phenological, Physiological, Phytosociological and
Morphological Traits to Invasiveness in Three Species of
Amaranthus in the Kashmir Valley, India
Rezwana Assad£, Zafar Ahmad Reshi, Irfan Rashid
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1422

Abstract

Several trait-based screening protocols primarily designed to predict and manage potentially dangerous
invasive alien species (IAS) have been developed to combat the menace of biological invasions. A further
step in this direction is comparing invasive and non-invasive or less invasive congeners in order to identify
the syndrome of traits that make invasive species so successful in the non-native range. It is in this
backdrop that the present study was carried out to undertake comparative ecological studies on three
alien congeners, namely Amaranthus blitum L., A. caudatus L. and A. spinosus L. While A. caudatus is
highly invasive, A. blitum is non-invasive and A. spinosus is also widespread but not as invasive as A.
caudatus. These three species differ in their extent of invasion and thus provide opportunity for
meaningfully addressing the invasiveness of A. caudatus in comparison to non-invasive A. blitum and less
invasive A. spinosus. We investigated the differences in various phenological, physiological,
phytosociological and morphological traits in the three study species and attempted to relate the trait
differences to their invasiveness. Nomenclature: Fox tail amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus Linn.); purple
amaranth (A. blitum Linn.); spiny amaranth (A. spinosus Linn.).

Keywords: Amaranthus, Invasive, Phenology, Phenophases, Reproductive Effort, Resource Allocation, Trait.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889481075.
E-mail Address: rezumir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

147
Medicinal, Biological and Industrial Properties of Maize
Grass
Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat£
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-217

Abstract

Maize Grass belongs to the family Poaceae. It is an annual herb arising from an underground rhizome.
Generally two varieties of this plant specie are found in kashmir valley, short and long or what is called as
Early Flowering Variety and Late Flowering Variety. The size of these varieties ranges from a few feet upto
some meters. During medieval times it was used in place of pen for writing purposes. It was also used in
late twentieth century and early twenty first century in place of pen to write a slate. It is now used as a
cattle feed. Being traditionally of utmost importance its scientific properties can not be underestimat. The
chemical constituents found in it are Terpenoids, Alcohols, Esters ,Anhydride, etc. It has a number
of Chemical, Biological Medicinal and Industrial properties .The aqueous extracts is used as an anti
diabetic besides other biological properties including anti cancerous property, steroid synthesis and
to some extent metastatic property . All these properties are found in its shoot. The Blood Glucose
lowering property was confirmed at Modern Clinical Laboratory Mohammadpora Kulgam by giving the
said extract to diabetic patients and checking their Blood Glucose levels before and after the dose and was
concluded that more the concentrated extract more it was effective. Finally, the chemical analysis of the
extract was performed at Sher-I-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology Shalimar
Srinagar.

Keywords: Maize Grass, Medicinal property, Biological Activity, Chemical Activity and Chemical Constituents..

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906549609.
E-mail Address: bhat.ishfaqok@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

148
Medico-Botany of Some Medicinal Plants Used by The
Traditional Healers of Mountainous Pir-Panjal Region and Its
Adjoining Area (Northwest Himalaya)
Mahroof Khan£, Yogesh Sharma
Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College , Mendhar, University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-684

Abstract

Pir-Panjal region is home to diverse range of medicinal plants which have been used for centuries by the
local people to meet not only their own primary health care needs but also to address ailments of
domesticated animals and crops. Medico- botany of medicinal plants survey is also leading to the study
of diverse agro-ecosystem in different region of world and their crop diversity and how these crop genetic
resources are being used, managed and sustained by these traditional healers. Study of Medico- botany in
the area under investigation assumes great importance in enhancing our knowledge about the plants
grown and used by the traditional healers, the diversity produced and assembled by them through
generations of informal breeding for their own sustenance and different traditional technologies, means
and methods adopted by them for conservation. Moreover, the emphasis is being laid on the traditional
knowledge and the social and cultural aspects of the traditional and ethnic people imparting that
knowledge and uses in bio-prospecting of biological resources as a new source of food and medicine and
other important industrial raw materials. The study primarily based on field surveys conducted
throughout the hills, where dwellers provided information on plant species used as medicine, plant parts
used to prepare the remedies and ailments. The present communication reports the folk medicinal uses
of plants by the inhabitants of Poonch District, Jammu and Kashmir (India), which are therapeutically
used against different ailments of human being as well as the livestock. In all, 137 plant species comprising
14 trees, 30 shrubs/under shrubs, 85 herbs, 07 climbers and 1 liana belonging to 53 families, used by the
local people, have been enumerated and discussed, which signifies the ethno-medicinal values of plant
species occur in the study area. The study, thus, highlights the potential of ethnobotanical research and
the need for documentation of traditional knowledge pertaining to the utilization of plants as medicine.

Keywords: Ethno-Medicobotany, Medicinal Plants, Conservation, Indigenous Knowledge, Plant Species.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419234750
E-mail Address: biodiversitybani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

149
Micro-Propagation of Rhododendron Campanulatum D. Don
Iram Ashraf Qazi£, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-901

Abstract

Rhododendron Campanulatum D. Don (Family: Ericaceae), an ornamental and medicinal plant commonly
known as Nichnai in Kashmir . The present study will describe the micro propagation of Rhododendron
Campanulatum using seeds. The seeds were inoculated on different basal media like Murashige and
Skoog, Anderson. Rhododendron Medium and woody plant medium. The seeds responded only on basal
woody plant medium and germinated within 24 days of culture. The present study will help in direct
regeneration of Rhododendron campanulatum from seeds taking its conservation into consideration.

Keywords: Micropagation, Conservation, Woody Plant Medium, Rhododendron Campanulatum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596444186.
E-mail Address: qaziiram12@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

150
Molecular Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi
Associated with the Roots of Anthemis cotula L. in Kashmir
Himalaya, India
Salika Ramazan£, Manzoor Ahmed Shah
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-271

Abstract

Anthemis cotula is invasive in Kashmir Himalaya and enjoys advantage over other associated plants in this
region. In this study, we attempted to identify and characterize Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi associated
with the roots and Rhizospheric soils of Anthemis cotula in Kashmir Himalaya, India using internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. For this purpose, A. cotula roots were collected from various study
sites of Kashmir valley viz; KU campus, Khayam, Shopian and Baramullah, in order to verify whether any
particular type of species colonized the roots of this invasive species in Kashmir Himalayas. The genomic
DNA extracted from A. cotula roots was amplified by Nested PCR using two sets of primers NS4 and ITS4
(internal transcribed spacer) and second ITS1 and ITS4 primers for reducing non-specific binding. The
PCR amplicons in all species ranged in length from 500-600 bp and were characterized by sequencing.
The sequences were aligned and BLAST searched using NCBI database for confirmation of their identity
by comparing the sequences of these species with respective species present in the GenBank. Based on
PCR analysis of ITS region of rDNA six different AMF species have been identified and characterized from
A. cotula roots in Kashmir valley, India.

Keywords: Kashmir, Himalaya, Sequencing, Amplicon, Anthemis Cotula, Molecular.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493902398.
E-mail Address: ecosalika@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

151
Molecular Cloning of HMGR as A Strategy for Elevated
Aconite Biosynthesis in Aconitum heterophyllum Wall Ex
Royle
Tareq Wani£, Zaroor A. Kaloo, Mudasir Ahmad
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-892

Abstract

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex Royle (Ranunculaceae) is a rich repository of active diterpene alkaloids
commonly known as aconites which include atisine, hetisine and heteratisine. These constituents bestow
the plant a wide range of medicinal properties against various ailments of immune, digestive and nervous
system diseases. The species has sizeable market demand on account of its commercial use as a plant drug
"Ativisa" used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
(HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) is one of the key enzymes involved in diterpene alkaloid biosynthesis. As a multi gene
family, the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate, a very specific precursor of this pathway.
Against this backdrop, the aim of the present study included molecular cloning of cDNA clones of
AhHMGR with an ORF of 1796 bps. In silico analysis, elucidation and analysis of regulatory domains in
the coding sequence and phylogenetic analysis was also performed. Further, the expression level was also
observed in different vegetative organs of the plant. Transcript level was expressed maximally in rhizome
part of the plant pointing towards its maximum aconite biosynthesis. Present investigation provides an
insight for targeting AhHMGR as a prospective means for elevated secondary metabolite production in A.
heterophyllum.

Keywords: Aconitum Heterophyllum, Aconite, HMGR, Cloning, Phylogeny.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906627500.
E-mail Address: wanitariq.bio.iiim@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

152
Morphological and Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Amanita
from Pauri Garhwal
Mohd Urfan£, Rekha Devi
Department of Botany and Microbiology H.N.B Garhwal University, India.
JKSC-1404

Abstract

The study was performed on the genus Amanita (Amanitaceae) collected from the hills of Pauri Garhwal.
Four species of Genus Aminata i.e. Amanita hemibapha, Amanita subglobosa, Amanita concentrica and
Amanita pseudoporphyria has been identified on the basis of macroscopic features and microscopic
features. The collected mushrooms were studied for their macroscopic details pertaining the habit,
habitat, morphology and phenotypic parameters noted in fresh forms. Beside that several microscopic
features basidiospores, basidia, hymenium cystidia, Pileipellis etc. Out of these four-identified species, A.
hemibapha is edible.

Keywords: Morphology, Taxonomy, Edible.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051767607.
E-mail Address: urfanbutt1992@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

153
Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Apple
(Malus ×Domestica Borkh) from North Kashmir of J & K
State
Zahid Hussain Najar£, Aijaz Ahmad Wani
Cytogenetics And Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-803

Abstract

Cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) is economically the most important fruit crop of Jammu and
Kashmir State in India. The J & K State particularly the Valley of Kashmir hosts the richest repository of
apple germplasm in the country and contributes 60 to 65% of apple to the total produce of the country.
Apple trade dominates in the state in terms of total area under cultivation (43.84% of the total fruit area)
and production (80.17% of total fresh fruits). In fact, apple trade is the backbone of economy of a large
chunk of population of Kashmir Valley. The monoculture of Delicious apple associated with other
constraints in the state like introduction of exotic varieties has resulted in loss of diversity and depletion
of indigenous apple germplasm and a number of apple cultivars are at the brink of extinction. For
assessment of current status of apple germplasm, extensive field surveys were conducted in apple rich
belts of District Baramulla and Kupwara of North Kashmir of J&K State during the growing seasons of 2016
and 2017. A total of 66 apple cultivars besides some unknown types have been identified and labeled so
far. Cultivars like Mudur Ambur, Wagil Turush, Jigar Gosh, Dilruba, Razakwar, Bellora, Titoo, Pokhla,
Radolaz are a new addition to existing apple germplasm resources of our lab available at Zakura campus.
The passport data information of all the identified apple germplasm as per DUS guidelines is in progress.
In general, only eight cultivars were found quite frequently in different orchards of North Kashmir,
whereas, rest cultivars were present as occasional trees in some isolated orchards. The conservation of
such rare apple germplasm is thus important for future apple breeding and its improvement particularly
in the context of current global environmental changes. The overall efforts put in during the present study
shall certainly help in designing strategies for conservation, extension and improvement of apple in and
outside J&K State.

Keywords: Apple, Passport Data, Germplasm Repository, Conservation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006616116.
E-mail Address: profzhnajar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

154
Morphological and Cytogenetic Characterization of
Unexplored Medicinal Plant Epimedium elatum (Morr &
Decne) from Kashmir Himalayas in India
Sajad Ahmad Lone£1, Saleem Mushtaq2, Qazi Pervaiz Hassan3, Suplha Gupta4
1,2,3
CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, India.
4
CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
JKSC-484

Abstract

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of Berberidaceae family is a perennial medicinal herb, endemic to
coniferous forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India and Pakistan. It has been a neglected and
unexplored medicinal species in comparison with its sister species of Herba Epimedii, which are endemic
to China and have used in TCM from last 2000 years. A number of pharmaceutical properties are
attributed to its major chemical constituents (Icariin and Epimedin ABC) like aphrodisiac,
antiosteoporosis, anticancer, antioxidant, ant fatigue, antiaging, and antiviral activities. In the present
investigation, we investigated diversity in morphological attributes of E. elatum both in wild and captive
cultivation. Distributional and altitudinal range of this prized species is reported from twenty diverse eco-
geographical zones of Kashmir Himalayas for the first time. The species has a very small population size
in most of the surveyed habitats with no natural protection. In cultivation trials at Yarikhah (CSIR-IIIM),
it showed increased plant height (63.09±4.9cm), more number of leaves and flowers indicating
importance of high altitude medicinal garden for its immediate ex situ conservation. Moreover,
cytogenetic characterization revealed its haploid chromosome number to be n=6/2n=12 (diploid) and the
plant showed many meiotic abnormalities, thus affecting its seed set and subsequent seed germination
both in cultivated and in vitro conditions. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal species in botanical
gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmers are highly needed for its immediate
conservation.

Keywords: Epimedium Elatum, Kashmir Himalayas, Conservation, Chromosomes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906914718.
E-mail Address: sjdlone46@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

155
Multiple Shoot Formation from Mature Embryos of Pinus
wallichiana A. B. Jackson
Sabeena Khan£1, Azra Nahid Kamili2
1
Department of Botany, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, India.
2
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-827

Abstract

Mature Zygotic embryos of Pinus wallichiana were cultured on MS (x ½) and LV (x ½) media fortified
with various auxin cytokinin combinations. Multiple shoot proliferation was observed on MS (x ½)
supplemented with BAP (60µm). Axillary shoot regeneration was also achieved on LV (x ½) medium
enriched with BAP (10µm) + CH (500mg/l). Shoot elongation was observed after sub-culturing the
primary cultures on MS (x ½) basal medium. Rooting of micro-shoots was obtained on root induction
medium containing MS (x ½) + IBA (15µm) /NAA (0.5µm). Rooted plantlets were transferred to green
house for hardening.

Keywords: Pinus Wallichiana, Shoot Regeneration, Embryo Culture, Auxins Cytokinin .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797229711.
E-mail Address: sabeenabashir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

156
Novel Mechanisms of Pollination in Some Important Endemic
Medicinal Plant Species of Kashmir Himalaya
Aijaz Hassan Ganie£1, Bilal A Tali2, Zafar A. Reshi3, Irshad A. Nawchoo4, Anzar A.
Khuroo5
Department of Botany,, University of Kashmir, India.
1,3,4,5
2
SAM Degree College Budga, India.
JKSC-595

Abstract

The movement of floral parts, including the pistil (style), stamen (filament, anther) and corolla have been
observed in many angiosperms to affect successful pollination and mating. Various hypotheses have been
proposed to explain the adaptive significance of floral movements. It has been observed during the present
study that styles, stigma, stamens in different plant species do exhibit curvature movements either to
promote outcrossing or to affect selfing. Sometimes the unique arrangement of floral parts and flowers in
various plant species also results in different operative pollination mechanisms. These flower
modifications help these species to accomplish successful pollination and have adaptive significance in a
particular environment.

Keywords: Floral Movements, Out Crossing, Selfing, Successful Pollination, Adaptive Significance .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469462151.
E-mail Address: aijazku@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

157
Pattern Exhibited by Floristic Functional Diversity in
Response to Elevational Gradient in Kashmir Himalaya
Subzar Ahmad Nanda£, Zafar A. Reshi, Bilal Ahmad Lone
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-950

Abstract

Elevational gradients provide very effective natural conditions for searching out ecological and
evolutionary responses of species to environmental changes, especially climate change. Because of the
rapid warming in the Himalayas many glaciers are shrinking and snowmelt water is depleting, and
altitudinal ranges of many species have begun to shift upward. (Singh et al. 2011, Miller et al.2012 Gautam
et al.2010, Wang et al. 2012). In conformity to this, present study carried out in Daksum-Sinthan top area
of Kashmir Himalaya resulted in documentation of 326 plant species belonging to 230 genera and 104
families, falling in five functional groups. Among these functional groups, angiosperms come out to be
dominant represented by 194 species belonging to 147 genera and 54 families. 33 species of Pteridophytes
belonging to 16 genera and 9 families and 34 species of bryophytes belonging to 33 genera and 22 families
were also reported from the area. Gymnosperms though dominant members were represented by 4 species
belonging to 4 genera and 2 families. Besides. Lichens represented by 56 species belonging to 29 genera
and 30 families were also recorded from the area. These functional groups and sub-groups responded
differently to Elevational gradient with angiosperms and Pteridophytes exhibit wave like increasing and
decreasing trend along increasing altitude, bryophytes and lichens exhibit low plateau like trend along an
Elevational gradient and gymnosperms being dominant members show constant decreasing trend along
an Elevational gradient.

Keywords: Altitudinal Gradient, Functional Diversity, Climate Change, Himalaya.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006686449.
E-mail Address: subzarnanda4271@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

158
Phenology of Plant Species at Alpine Grassland (Meadow) of
Pirpanjal Range of Kashmir Himalaya
Ishfaq Ahmad Wani£1, Susheel Verma2, Anees Un Nisa3, Shakir Ul Haq4
1,2
Department Of Botany,, BGSB University Rajouri, India.
3
Kashmir University,Srinagar, India.
4
Bundelkhand University Jhansi, India.
JKSC-738

Abstract

Phenological behavior of different plant species were observed at alpine grassland (meadow) of Kashmir
Himalayas (Pirpanjal range), India. 32 species were identified, categorized in 21 families and 32 genera
belonging to both monocots and dicots. In majority of the growth forms, growth initiation was recorded
in April whereas senescence in October. Flowering occurred in July- August in most of the growth forms.
On the basis of growth cycle pattern, long growth cycle plant species contributed maximum percentage
in comparison to short growth cycle plant species. Phenological characters viz., germination, vegetative
growth, flowering, fruiting etc. depends on the climate of the particular regions. The dates of first
flowering, peak flowering, end of flowering, first fruiting, peak fruiting were recorded. Variation in the
phenophases of different plant species was observed which suggest that the species have evolved various
Phenological strategies as adaptations to the short growing season with limited resources and pollinators
in this harsh alpine environment at extremely high elevations. Most of the species initiate after snow melt
in alpine regions (April and May). In majority of plant species peak flowering was reported in the month
of June and July while as the plant species end their life cycles in the months of September and October.

Keywords: Kashmir Himalayas, Pirpanjal Range, Alpine, Phenology, Phenphases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051886768.
E-mail Address: waniishfaq680@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

159
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity in Phragmites australis: A
Phylogeographer Comparison
Gowher Ahmad Wani£1, Manzoor Ahmad Shah2, Zafar Ahmad Reshi3, Damase P
Khasa4
1,2,3
Department of Botany,, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
4
Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology, University, Quebec, Canada.

JKSC-1116

Abstract

Whether invasive species vary in morphological traits and at molecular level across native and non-native
regions, though much speculated, is not supported by quantitative data. Furthermore, the origin of
differences in traits influencing competitive success between exotic and native wild populations of alien
species is subject of debate. `1Therefore, deciphering the factors driving among- population divergence
and invasiveness is important in evolutionary biology. Web-sources information about nativity and
distributional range of Phragmites australis was used to survey putative native populations of the species
in Quebec, and cpDNA PCR-RFLP analyses identified only one native P. australis population. On the basis
of morphometric traits, we compared the native population of P. australis in Quebec (haplotype QN), ten
putative populations invasive to Quebec (haplotype QE), and five populations invasive in Kashmir, India
(haplotype KE). Using nine chloroplastic DNA microsatellite loci, we also compared nine populations of
haplotypes KE, ten populations of haplotypes QE, and one population of haplotype QN. Among- and
within-population variation was significant for all measured morphometric traits. Phenotypic
differentiation among populations was moderate (PST = 0.11 to 0.45). Moderate levels of genetic diversity
were found within populations. High genetic differentiation was observed between populations (RST =
0.353) and haplotypes (RST = 0.133 to 0.418), indicating limited gene flow and probable local adaptation.

Keywords: Common Reed, CpDNA Microsatellite Loci, Haplotypes, Phenotypic and Genetic Differentiation, Plant
Invasion.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797052033.
E-mail Address: gowhar.wani88@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

160
Phytochemical Analysis of Active Compounds of Rheum
Species Growing in Kashmir Himalaya via HPLC
Shagoon Tabin£1, Azra.N Kamili2, R.C.Gupta3
1,2
CORD, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Botany, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India.
JKSC-821

Abstract

Rheum species is a perennial stout herb. Rhubarb is the English name of the genus Rheum (family
polygonaceae). Emodi, Webbianum and Spiciforme are three species of Rheum found in Kashmir
Himalaya. Rheum species are well-known medicinal plant and is found on high altitudes. Its leaves and
stalks are taken as food and also cooked as a vegetable. It’s used as medicine and are generally proved
more effective against certain ailments like antibacterial, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, rheumatoid
diseases, stomachache and also for intestinal problems. It is also used for treatment of indigestion,
abdominal disorders, boils, wounds and flatulence. Three anthraquinones i.e. aloe-emodin, emodin and
rhein are found in this plant which was analyzed through HPLC. These three compounds are anti-cancer
agents and are found highly abundant in these species. High molecular diversity was observed in all the
three species of Rheum.

Keywords: Rheum, Medicinal Plants, Anti Cancer, Anthraquinones, HPLC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419024683.
E-mail Address: shagoonkhan@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

161
Preliminary Studies on Genetic Diversity and Structure of
Sambucus wightiana Wall. Ex Wight & Arn
Irshad Ahmad Sofi£1, Irfan Rashid2, R. R. Mir3, Zafar A. Reshi4
1,2,4
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
SKUAST-K, Sopore, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1265

Abstract

Kashmir Elder (Sambucus wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) is a clonal plant species, spreading in the
forests of north western Himalaya, affecting the understory vegetation and forest regeneration. The
present study is proposed to understand its genetic diversity and structure in relation to spread. The
historical distribution of the Sambucus wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn. is not known with certainty. It
is presumed that the species was having a smaller distribution range. Clonal propagation has been found
to lead lower genetic diversity however a marked high genetic variation is associated with multiple
introductions. This makes it important to deepen our understanding of the ecology of clonal plants,
including effects of clonality on ecosystem function, population structure, diversity, capacity for evolution
and range expansion. For this preliminary study samples were collected from different parts of Kashmir
and a total of 37 genotypes were collected. For the study of genetic diversity and population structure
analysis a set of 8 SSR markers developed from Sambucus nigra L. were selected. The SSR genotyping
revealed good level of allelic/ genetic diversity. A total of 64 alleles were scored for 37 Sambucus genotypes
at 17 loci (for 8 SSRs markers). The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 5 with an average of 3.77 alleles/
locus. The number of locus amplified by an individual SSR marker varied from 1 to 3 with an average of
2.2/ SSR marker. In addition, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region was also amplified and Sanger sequenced for all
the above 37 Sambucus genotypes. The ITS sequence analysis revealed that the Sambucus genotypes
collected and studied showed highest similarity (94%) with Sambucus wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
and Sambucus adnata Wall. ex DC. The sequence data when aligned led to the identification of several
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) between the Sambucus genotypes.

Keywords: Kashmir Elder, Distribution Range, Clonal, SSR, SNP.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797719409.
E-mail Address: ecoirshad@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

162
Prioritization for Conservation: A Case Study of Medicinal
Flora of Jammu and Kashmir State in the Indian Himalaya
Bilal Ahmad Tali£1, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo2, Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo3, Aijaz Hassan
Ganie4
1
Department of Botany, SAM Degree College Budgam, India.
2,3,4
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-876

Abstract

The conservation of medicinal plants has gained momentum recently due to increasing interest in plant-
based medicines for health care and global biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate.
Conservationist biologists throughout the globe have agreed and emphasize the need to prioritize the
species that most urgently need conservation. For sustainable use of biodiversity, conservation assessment
and prioritization assumes urgent research attention. It is in this backdrop the present study reports the
conservation assessment and prioritization of medicinal flora in the Indian Himalayan state of Jammu and
Kashmir. A database of 1123 species was documented to be used as medicinal plants in the study area. The
conservation priority setting of all the medicinal plant species was undertaken by adopting an empirical
scoring approach employing four key parameters: endemism, threat status, use value and mode of
harvesting. A total of 664 species were categorized as prioritized and remaining 459 species as least
concern. Out of the prioritized species pool, the top priority group comprised of 33 species. Most of these
top priority species are endemic to the region, currently recognized under different threat categories,
medicinally important to cure various diseases, but unscientifically harvested from natural habitats, thus
need immediate conservation action in this Himalayan region.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Conservation, Sustainable Use, Himalayas.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906713495.
E-mail Address: bilalsapku@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

163
Reversal of Membrane Damage by Application of Exogenous
Selenium in Setaria italica L. under Salt Stress
Wasifa Hafiz Shah£, Inayatullah Tahir, Reiaz Ul Rehman
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-519

Abstract

Cereals are staple foods for a large proportion of the world population. Cereal grains contribute a
significant amount of energy, protein, selected micronutrients and non- nutrients in the diet of
populations all over the world in both developed and developing countries. Millets are considered as first
cereals, domesticated thousands of years ago at the beginning of human civilization. Salt stress is known
to cause negative effects on growth and development of millets around the world. And several compounds
have been shown to alleviate the negative impact of the salt. In our study, the effect of salt stress (Sodium
Chloride) on Setaria italica L. was studied and mitigation of the effects was checked by exogenous
application of selenium. The plants were grown in autoclaved acid washed sand and the salt treatments
(50mM, 100mM, 150mM and 200mM) were given after 14 days after germination. It was observed that
application of salt to the plant increased the membrane damage measured in terms of membrane stability
index (MSI) and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The MSI and TBARS
increase in a dose-dependent manner with highest concentrations at 200mM.The membrane damage and
the concentration of reactive substances were significantly decreased upon application of selenium.

Keywords: Selenium, Sodium Chloride, MSI, TBARS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858038276.
E-mail Address: wasifashah9@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

164
Role of Anthropogenic Activities in Promoting Invasion by
Alien Plant Species in Kashmir Himalaya
Pervaiz Ahmad Dar£1, Zafar A. Reshi2
1
Deparrtment of Botany, Amar Singh College, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1041

Abstract

On account of globalization human beings are reshuffling biotas by facilitating introduction and spread
of alien plant species. Anthropogenic activities like construction of roads, creation of infrastructure etc.
are posing serious threat to biodiversity. To understand the role of anthropogenic activities in biological
invasion, we surveyed two kinds of habitats- natural habitats and human mediated habitats for studying
distribution and abundance of native and alien plant species. We observed that natural habitats like
forests are relatively less invaded by alien plant species. In addition, the abundance and frequency of
native species was higher in natural habitats. In comparison to habitats with high anthropogenic pressure,
natural habitats were relatively less homogenous. Hence, unplanned developmental activities like
construction of roads, promotion of tourism etc. are likely to threaten the survival of ecosystems in the
Kashmir Himalaya.

Keywords: Anthropogenic Pressure, Diversity, Homogenization, Himalaya, Invasive.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596232717
E-mail Address: pervaizdar45@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

165
Role of Exogenous Selenium on Growth of Proso Millet under
Salinity Stress
Aadil Rasool£, Inayatullah Tahir, Reiaz Ul Rehman
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-512

Abstract

Salt stress is known to cause detrimental effects on growth and development of crop plants around the
world. Worldwide, more than 45 million hectares of irrigated land have been damaged by salt, and 1.5
million hectares are taken out of production each year as a result of high salinity levels in the soil. Several
compounds have been shown to alleviate the negative impact of the salt. In the current study, Selenium
(Se) was used for studying its effect on Panicum miliaceum L (proso millet). Se is an essential
micronutrient and beneficial element for plants which have been shown to increase the tolerance of plants
and alleviate the detrimental effects of diverse abiotic stresses (drought, salt, high temperature, heavy
metals, UV-induced oxidative stress) by promoting the growth in several plants. The different treatments
of sodium chloride (50mM, 100mM, 150mM and 200mM) were given either with or without Selenium
(1uM). It was seen that selenium (Se) significantly enhanced the biomass, tolerance index (root and shoot)
and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin) in salt treated plants.

Keywords: Proso Millet, Selenium, Sodium Chloride.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796514230.
E-mail Address: aadilrasool66@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

166
Shun Selfing Via Chirality-Proximate Basis for Dimorphic
Enantiostyly
Aabid M. Rather£1, Irshad A. Nawchoo1, Shu-mei Chang2, Manoj K. Dhar3, R. Raina4,
Raies A. Qadri5, Saduf Nissar6
1,6
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
2
Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia.
3
Department of Biotechnology, Jammu University, India
4
School of Biological and Environmental Science, Shoolini University,India
5
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir,India
JKSC-1011

Abstract

Flowering plants display spectacular floral diversity and a bewildering array of reproductive adaptations
that promote mating, particularly outbreeding. Study was carried out to record unique mechanism of
dimorphic enantiostyly, a rare case in Anagallis arvensis, based on its actinomorphic conspicuous floral
displays to avoid selfing. This type of enantiostyly is very rarely found in plants. Anagallis ravensis set
fruits/seeds in all conditions, however, the highest seed set was observed in flowers subjected to intra-
morph and inter-morph pollination (75% & 78%), while as very low seed out-put was recorded in
controlled selfing and forced selfing. Manual pollination treatments have shown positive increment in
seed out-put which ranges between 74% to 82%. Anagallis arvensis is self-incompatible with index of self-
incompatibility (ISI) value ranging from 0.08-0.18 and have also very low values for index of autonomous
selfing (IAS) which ranges between 0.02-0.47. The observations also showed insignificant ratios of visitor’s
constancy index (VCI) (0.14 to 0.38) and least pollination failure rate (PFR) ratios (0.14-0.34) among floral
morphs and between pollinators which declines their bias among floral morphs and implies their
dependence on foraging for seed set. Fruit set in A. arvensis is positively correlated with distance (r=0.42,
n=70%). Plants at larger distance perform better in terms of seed set than plants, which are at nearby
distance. These also showed significant difference in PERS values which is ˃0.30 in distant plant.

Keywords: A. Arvensis, Cross Pollination, Dimorphic Enantiostyly, Floral Morphs, Selfing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906795034.
E-mail Address: abid.bot@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

167
Silicon Mediated Alleviation of Aluminum Toxicity in
Fagopyrum esculentum and its Effect on Phenolic Enzymes
Fayaz Ahmad Dar£, Reiaz Ul Rehman, Inayatullah Tahir
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1205

Abstract

Silicon (Si) has been recognized to alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity in both flowering and non-flowering
plants. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses remain poorly understood. It seems that
the Si increased the Al concentration in shoots, due to the formation of hydroxyaluminosilicate complexes
which results in enhanced Al transport from roots to shoots. Here, we were supposed to assess the
individual and combined effect of Al (0, 0.2 and 0.4 mM) and Si (0, 0.5, and 1.0 mM) concentration on the
enzymatic activity of Fagopyrum esculentum under the variable set of treatments in 21-days old plants.
The activity of plant enzymes like phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), Tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL)
and polyphenol-oxidase (PPO) were studied in F. esculentum as has been also evidenced by the
morphological and physiological variation on the basis of Al and Si treatments both individually as well
as in combined state. When Al and Si treatments were given individually, the enzymatic activity of PAL,
TAL and PPO increased significantly, whereas the combined treatments of Al and Si stabilizes the PAL,
TAL and PPO activity correspondingly. As a result, it was observed that Si has a mitigating effect in
overcoming the physiological and biochemical dysfunction because of Al toxicity. The present study also
stressed upon the availability of Si in the soils so as the counter the negative effects due to Al toxicity,
especially in the F. esculentum, which has an internal Al detoxification mechanism. The present study
could be very helpful in understanding the mitigating effect of Si on Al toxicity and their role in estimating
the levels phenolic compounds in Buckwheat genus.

Keywords: Al Toxicity, Hydroxyaluminosilicate, Stress Alleviation, Fagopyrum Esculentum, PAL, TAL, PPO.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906790378.
E-mail Address: dfayaz5U@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

168
Soil Microbial Functions Differ in Range Expanding vs Native
Plants
Nazima Rasool£, Manzoor Ahamd Shah, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Zaffar Ahmad Reshi
Department of Botany, Univerasity of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1024

Abstract

Alien invasive plants may alter the resource base for the native soil microbial community affecting their
diversity and distribution thereby altering soil functional capacity. In the present study a pot experiment
was conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine effect of three alien plants viz. Anthemis cotula,
Sisymbrium loeslii and Plantago lanceolata (two of them invasive) on activity of soil enzymes involved in
cycling of N (asparaginase, protease and urease), P (alkaline and acid phosphatases), and C (invertase)
besides, on the total soil microbial activity. The results indicated that all the three alien plants increased
soil protease and invertase activities, while all the three decreased soil alkaline phosphatase activity. Acid
phosphatase activity was decreased in Plantago soils, however, it was increased in the soils from the other
two plant species. Total soil microbial activity increased in Sisymbrium soils, it decreased in both
Anthemis and Plantago soils. The results allowed us to conclude that range expanding plants affect
enzyme activity of native soils under controlled experimental conditions, which can have serious
implications for functional capacity of such soils besides influencing recruitment, growth and survival of
the native species.

Keywords: Anthemis Cotula, Sisymbrium Loeslii, Plantago Lanceolata, Invasion, Soil Enzymes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419797177.
E-mail Address: rasoolnazima@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

169
Soil Microflora of Sonamarg Forest Area of Kashmir
Himalaya
Sumira Tyub£1, Azra N Kamili2, Ubaidah Akhter3, Khairul Nisa4, Imran Khan5
1,2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagr, India.
3,4,5
Department of Environmental science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-306

Abstract

Soil environment is ever changing due to interactions between the plants and the microorganisms within
it. It is really very interesting to note the interactions between the plants and microorganisms within the
soil. The interactions between plants and microorganisms mainly signify effect of the plants on the
microorganisms and on the other hand effect of these microorganisms on the plant community. Plants
inhabit different groups of microorganisms and that too is influenced in a diverse way by different factors.
The microbial community of soil is extremely diverse and integral part of ecosystems that plays a major
role in the climate change trough contribution in soil organic matter decomposition. Much work has been
undertaken on the soil microbial community analysis. However, altitudinal patterns of microbial
community have not been well studied and remains poorly understood compared to macroorganisms
diversity that have been studied for centuries. In the present study a preliminary attempt has been made
to study the soil flora with regard to bacteria and fungi at three different altitudes of Sonamarg forest area
of Kashmir Himalaya. A total of 29 cfu were obtained in case of bacteria and in case of fungi 20 cfus were
obtained. Among the different bacterial isolates it was found that about 65.5% of strains isolated were
Gram –ve and about 35.5% of strains were Gram +ve. It was also found that 37.9% of strains were Cocci,
58.6% of strains were Bacilli, and 3.44% of Strains were Diplococci. After preliminary identification by
traditional methods the presence of 3 species of fungi was revealed. Few abiotic factors like soil
temperature, moisture and pH were also studied and their effect on the population of microbes was also
observed.

Keywords: Soil Fungi, Bacteria, Sonamarg, Abiotic Factors, Altitudinal Gradient.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419563957.
E-mail Address: sumiratyub@uok.edu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

170
Studies on Cadmium Induced Seedling Mortality, Folair
Toxicity Symptoms, Plant Growth, Proline Content and
Nitrate Reductase Activity in Mustard (Brassica campestris L.)
Wasifa Noor£1, Shahid Umar2, Azra N Kamili3, Durdana Shah4
1,3,4
CORD, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard University, India.
JKSC-686

Abstract

Cadmium toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affects growth, development,
productivity of crop plants. It is highly soluble in water and soil and therefore is an extremely powerful
pollutant. Cadmium disturbs the function of chloroplasts by accumulating to higher levels in aerial parts.
It inhibits the enzymes needed for chlorophyll biosynthesis as well as enzymes for carbon dioxide fixation
i.e., Ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase (RUBPCase) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase).
Brassica campestris were grown in the soil supplemented with different concentrations of Cadmium.
Seedling mortality, foliar toxicity symptoms, plant growth, proline content and nitrate reductase activity
in mustards (Brassica compestris Linn,), were studied. A significant decline in the shoot length was
observed in the plants when treated with Cadmium at various concentrations i.e., 0, 50 and 100 mg kg-1
soil in the form of Cadmium chloride. Root development observed at different concentrations of Cadmium
showed constant decline. In control root length was measured to be 12.0 cm which declined to 10.6 cm
and 8.15 cm when treated with Cd50 and Cd100 concentrations respectively. A significant decline in the
number of nodes and internodes, number of leaves, branches, was observed when the plants were treated
with Cadmium at different concentrations. The level of proline in the leaves showed increasing trend at
50 and 100 mg Cd kg-1. The proline content increased to 0.344 µ moles/g fresh wt. at Cd50 and 0.801 µ
moles/g fresh wt. at Cd100 as compared to control where proline content was observed to be 0.291 µ
moles/g fresh wt. Sugar content showed a decreasing trend when treated with Cadmium. A decline in the
nitrate reductase activity has been found in plants treated with cadmium. At Cd50 and Cd100 nitrate
reductase activity decreased to 1.19 nmole NO2h-1g-1 fresh wt. and 1.02 nmole NO2h-1g-1 fresh wt.
respectively as compared to 1.76 nmole NO2h-1g-1 fresh wt. in control. Thus it was observed that Cadmium
treatment resulted in the decreased number of leaves, branches, nodes and internodes and sugar content
but showed slight increase in proline content.

Keywords: Brassica Campestris, Cadmium, Ribulose-1,5- Biphosphate Carboxylase (RUBPcase).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596038780
E-mail Address: wasifanoor3@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

171
Phytochemical Analysis of active Compounds of Rheum
Species Growing in Kashmir Himalaya via HPLC
Shagoon Tabin£1, Azra N. Kamili2, R.C.Gupta3
1,2
Centre of Research for Development University of Kashmir ,Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Botany, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India.
JKSC-1618

Abstract

Rheum species is a perennial stout herb. Rhubarb is the English name of the genus Rheum (family
polygonaceae). Emodi, Webbianum and Spiciforme are three species of Rheum found in Kashmir
Himalaya. Rheum species are well-known medicinal plant and is found on high altitudes. Its leaves and
stalks are taken as food and also cooked as a vegetable. Its used as medicine and are generally proved
more effective against certain ailments like antibacterial, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, rheumatoid
diseases, stomachache and also for intestinal problems. It is also used for treatment of indigestion,
abdominal disorders, boils, wounds and flatulence. Three anthraquinones i.e. aloe-emodin, emodin and
rhein are found in this plant which was analysed through HPLC. These three compounds are anti cancer
agents and are found highly abundant in these species. High molecular diversity was observed in all the
three species of Rheum.

Keywords: Rheum, Medicinal Plants, Anti Cancer, Anthraquinones, HPLC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419024683.
E-mail Address: shagoonkhan@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

172
Phytochemical Screening & Medicinal Activity of Selected
Medicinal Plants of Kashmir Himalaya
Nissar Ahmad Wani£, Sheema Ashaie, Babar Fayyad, Syed Farkanda
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1577

Abstract

The main objective of our research work was to analyse the presence of different phytochemicals in the
selected medicinal plants from gul marg region of baramulla district& their anti microbial & antioxidant
activity used for healing &curing of various diseases.plants selected were Trillium Govanianum Bergenia
ligulata &poop hy lum hexandrum. These plants are critically endangered endemic species of kashmir
himalaya.the current study was an attempt to indicate the presence of different phytochemicals
quantitatively & to investigate the inhibitory effect of methanolic extract of aforementioned plants against
bacterial & fungal strains.the anti microbial activity was determined using agar well diffusion method.The
activity was quantitatively assessed on the basis of inhibition zone protocol. The results revealed the
presence of medicinally important constituents in the plants studied. Many evidences gathered in earlier
studies which confirmed the identified phytochemicals to be bioactive. Several studies confirmed the
presence of these phytochemicals contribute medicinal as well as physiological properties to the plant
studied.Therefore,the extract from the rhizome could be seen as a good source for useful drugs.The anti
microbial &antioxidant activity of selected plants can promote their use as potent preservative
&conservation agents, not only in the food industry after testing the toxic and irritating effects on humans
but also in cosmetics &medicinal prepration. Further research is needed towards isolation & identification
of active principles present in the extracts which could be used for pharmaceutical use.

Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Anti Microbial, Activity, Anti-Oxidant, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419309944.
E-mail Address: nisarwani80@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

173
Studies on Some Wild Mushroom Diversity of Southern
Kashmir Himalaya
John Mohd War£, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mehrajuddin Talie, Zahoor
Ahmad Bhat,Tabasum Amin
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1503

Abstract

Kashmir valley has a prime place in the variety and galaxy of macro-fungi due to its wide agro-climatic
variations, diverse physiography and undulating topography. However, the documentation of mushroom
flora is still in pioneer stage and a large number of fungi are yet to be unreported from the area. A survey
was carried out to find out the macrofungal diversity of Pahalgam tehsil located at 45 kilometres from
Anantnag district on the banks of Ladder River at an altitude of 7200 feet. During the survey, 17 species
viz. Ganoderma applanatum, Trametes hirsutum, Lentinus tigrinus, Fomes fomentarius, Lactarius
controversus, Suillus amaricanus, Paneolus papilionaceous, Rusulla vesca, Clitocybe nebularis, Morchella
esculenta, Agaricus bisporus, Boletus edulis, Innonotus hispidus, Phellinus rimosus, Coltricia perrenis,
Cortinarius privignoides and Russula virescens were collected and identified on the basis of their
morphological and reproductive characteristics. These identified mushroom species belong to 11 families
and 16 genera. However, these mushroom genera are yet to be confirmed by molecular characterization.
This study surveys a baseline data for future work.

Keywords: Macro-Fungi, Physiography, Topography, Morphological, Molecular.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493969272.
E-mail Address: johnbotanyku@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

174
Suppressive Impact of Some Bioinoculants for Controlling
Nematode and Fungal Disease Complex on
Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum
Mucksood Ahmad Ganaie £, Tabreiz Ahmad Khan
Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, India.
JKSC-1053

Abstract

The efficacy of some fungal bioinoculants was compared with the traditionally used nematicide
carbofuran for the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and root-rot fungus
Rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse conditions. The results obtained in the present experiment showed
that the simultaneous inoculation of Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum plants with M. incognita and R.
solani caused significant damage in plant growth and physiological parameters. The inoculation of the
fungal bioinoculants viz., T. atroviride, T. asperellum, P. lilacinus and bare root dip treatment with
carbofuran significantly reduced the plant damage caused by concomitant inoculation of M. incognita and
R. solani in P. atropurpureum. However, on the other hand the application of fungal bioinoculants viz., A.
niger, C. epiphyllum, C. verticillata, M. hiemalis and V. glaucum did not significantly improved the various
plant growth parameters in comparison to untreated and M. incognita and R. solani inoculated plants
(control-II). The present study revealed that the intensity of root-rot caused by R. solani was reduced in
the plants treated with T. atroviride, P. lilacinus, T. asperellum and carbofuran as compared to untreated
and M. incognita and R. solani inoculated plants (control-II). The plants treated with these fungal
bioinoculants and nematicide not only reduced the intensity of root-rot but also delayed the appearance
of collar-rot and crown-rot symptoms. The maximum delay in the appearance of collar-rot and crown-rot
symptoms was observed in the plants treated with T. atroviride followed by P. lilacinus, carbofuran and T.
asperellum.

Keywords: Management, Bioinoculants, M. Incognita, R. Solanis, Disease Complex.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858373535.
E-mail Address: amu.mucksood@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

175
Symbiotic Germination of Crepidium acuminatum (D. Don)
Szlach
Sayeeda Kousar Bhatti£, Jagdeep Verma
Department of Botany, Govt. College, Himachal Pradesh, India.
JKSC-248

Abstract

Crepidium acuminatum is a terrestrial orchid of high therapeutic importance. Loss of habitat and
unscrupulous collection of pseudobulbs have lead to shrinkage of its natural populations therefore
rendering it threatened. The species has earlier been mass propagated through asymbiotic seed
germination and organ culture but there is no report of raising it symbiotically. Present study was
therefore undertaken to isolate its mycobionts and to investigate their role in inducing symbiotic seed
germination in vitro. For this surface sterilized root segments were cultured on Oat Meal Agar medium
and three fungal endophytes (CA101, Hypocrea lactea; CA102, Trichoderma sp.; CA103, Rhizoctonia sp.)
were discerned based upon micromorphological (colony color, hyphal characteristics, Presence/ absence
of conidia and moniloid cells, etc.) and molecular characteristics (sequencing the internal transcribed
spacer regions of ribosomal RNA gene). Mature seeds were cultured separately with all fungal isolates.
Embryos swelled after 2 weeks and the testa ruptured after 4.5 weeks in more than 65.92% seeds. Further
morphogenetic changes, however, occurred only with isolate CA103. The fungal hyphae entered from
general seed surface (rarely through embryonic rhizoids/ micropylar end), and colonized the embryonic
cells. Protocorms developed after 12.82±1.01 weeks. First leaf and root emerged after 19.78±1.05 and
27.83±0.99 weeks respectively. Seedlings transferred to greenhouse showed 97.34±0.58 percent
survival.

Keywords: Crepidium acuminatum, Rhizoctonia, Protocorms, Fungal Endophytes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906277579.
E-mail Address: sayeedakhan6@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

176
Synergistic Effect of Different Concentrations of Ethylene
Antagonist (STS) Along with Sucrose on Flower Longevity in
Dianthus chinensis L.
Riyaz Ahmad Dar£, Inayatullah Tahir, Shaziya Nisar
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Lab Department of Botany, UOK, India.
JKSC-848

Abstract

The present study was conducted on isolated flowers of Dianthus chinensis to assess the effect of different
concentrations of silver thiosulphate (STS) along with sucrose (SUC) on the flower longevity. Uniform
floral buds harvested at 800h at stage ІІІ (one day before anthesis) were pulse treated with different
concentrations of STS (0.25 and 0.5 mM) and transferred to either SUC or DW to compare the treatment
effects. One set was kept unpulsed either in SUC or DW which represented the control. For each treatment
there were 35 replicates (vials), with each vial containing one flower. The day of transfer to test solutions
was designated as day zero (D0). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions under cool
white fluorescent light with a mix of diffused natural light (10 Wm-2) 12h a day and relative humidity (RH)
of 60 ±10%. Maximum flower longevity was recorded in the flowers 1h pulse treated with 0.25 mM STS
and transferred to SUC, besides maintaining higher floral diameter and soluble proteins. However, 0.25
mM STS resulted in a significant decrease in electrical conductivity when compared to control. The
current study suggested that 0.25 mM STS is the effective concentration for improving the postharvest
performance in this beautiful ornamental flower.

Keywords: Senescence, Silver Thiosulphate, Sucrose, Postharvest.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006655615.
E-mail Address: riyazbot@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

177
The Herbal Plants Used for the Treatment of Rheumatoid
Arthiritis in India: A Review
Arif Bashir Wani£1, Muzafar Akbar Rather2, Tufaila Manzoor3
1
Department of Bioscience (Govt. College of Education) M.A Road ,Srinagar,India.
2
Barkatullah University Bhopal, Division of Plant Pathology, India.
3
Department of Botany, Bhaguant University, Rajasthan, India.
JKSC-1530

Abstract

The rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by systemic

inflammation of joints, cartilage and bone around the joints. The exact pathogenesis of the ailment has
yet not been annotated, however, studies recommend that cellular proliferation of synoviocytes result in
pannus formation which damages the cartilage and bone. The disease has been estimated to affect about
1% of the worlds population, with women being three times more affected than men. Number of synthetic
drugs are being used for the treatment of arthritis, but not only they are economical, also, they have
associated severe side effects. Presently the no of herbal plants are under the scientific evaluation and
investigation to develop a drug for the treatment of arthritis which will be used both internally as well as
externally. So keeping in view the above context there is a dire need to identify and evaluate the herbal
plants native to India for providing newer and safer treatment options with minimum side effects to cure
this chronic disease. In this review we have tried to explore various herbal species such as Crocus sativus,
Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Cedrus deodara, Datura stramonium, Rheum Australe etc for their
prospective to treat arthritis.

Keywords: Autoimmune, Chronic, Evaluation, Herbal Plants, Inflammation.

£Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596401977.

E-mail Address: arif.cmars85@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

178
Using Molecular Markers for Breeding Scab Resistant Apple
Varieties
Rameez Nazir Rather£1, Aijaz A Wani2, Mehraj-ul-din Shah3
1,2
Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
,3
Plant virology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST-Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-830

Abstract

Molecular markers have become very important tools in breeding programs throughout the world. Their
importance in breeding crops like apple, apricot, almond, peach and so on is obvious as they help in saving
precious time and resources. One of the most important breeding objectives in most apple breeding
programs is the development of scab resistant varieties. Apple scab caused by the fungal pathogen
Venturia inaequalis is the most serious disease of apples in many areas of the world. A number of fungicide
sprays are used for the management of the disease throughout the year. The use of fungicides is
undesirable economically as well as ecologically. Development of scab resistant varieties is a better
alternative. We have established a germplasm collection of more than hundred cultivars of apple. DNA
has been extracted from the leaves of all the cultivars and the markers linked to the scab resistance genes
Rvi1, Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi5, Rvi6, Rvi10, Rvi11, Rvi12, Rvi13 and Rvi15 have been procured. The molecular markers
will be used to screen the apple germplasm for identifying scab resistance genes in the germplasm. The
present study will help in identifying scab resistance varieties as well genes which will then be used in
breeding programs to develop scab resistant varieties through marker-assisted selection.

Keywords: Apple Scab, Venturia inaequalis, Molecular Markers, Scab Resistance Genes, Marker-Assisted Selection.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797201433.
E-mail Address: rameez674@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

179
Variation of Soil Nutrients of Aesculus indica at different
Altitudes of Kashmir Misia L.
Ashiq Hussain Lone£1, Eugenia P. Lal2, A.H. Munshi3
1
Entomology Laboratory, Dept. of Botany, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
2,3
SHUATS Allahabad, India.
JKSC-312

Abstract

Soil is one of the most important factor for the survival of plants since they get water supply and nutrients
besides their dependency anchorage. Not only has this, plants in turn indirectly affected their neighbors
in many ways one of the most important by altering the biotic, physical and chemical characteristics of
soils. The altitudinal gradient of mountain is characterized by variable temperature and different
precipitation records. Fertility of soil is determined by the presence or absence of nutrients which have
agronomic importance. Kashmir a temperate Himalayan region were Aesculus indica grows at different
altitudes and is depleting at an alarming rate. Variations were observed at higher and lower altitudes of
soil nutrients of Aesculus indica in the present study. Lower altitudes have more soil nutrients as
compared to the higher altitudes in all the study sites. Generally cooler, wetter condition at higher
altitude reduces biological activity and increase leaching. Steeper profile encourage run off and subsurface
movement of water down slope. This manifests in the reduction of nutrients susceptible to weathering
such as potassium (K). Associated with the loss of alkaline metal ion like (K+) from the soil is a decrease
in soil pH. This is the reason behind pH significant decrease with increasing altitude.

Keywords: Soil, Nutrient, Altitude, Aesculus Indica.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419033697.
E-mail Address: 0000ashiq@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

180
Variable Genetic System and its Correlation with
Reproductive Output in Some Species of Genus Artemisia L.
Uma Bharti £, Gazala Jaffri Mir, Namrata Sharma
Entomology Laboratory, Dept. of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1340

Abstract

Present work is based on four species of Artemisia L (F: Asteraceae). The species investigated are
Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp., Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit., Artemisia maritima L. and
Artemisia tournefortiana Rchb. forming populations at variable altitudinal ranges of J & K state, India.
These species inhabit a wide range of altitude i.e. 327to 3835 masl. Cytological details reveal that A.
nilagirica is most complex with four cytological races with chromosome numbers as 2n=18,32 34 and 54.
A. scoparia, A. maritima and A. tournefortiana are cytologically stable, A. scoparia exhibits a diploid
chromosome number of 2n=16, whereas A. maritima and A. tournefortiana have 2n=18. Reproductive
output was found to be maximum in A. maritima, a genetically stable species and minimum in A.
nilagirica, a species which exhibit many cytological races.

Keywords: Artemisia, Chromosome, Cytological Races, Reproductive Output.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796063807.
E-mail Address: umabotany786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

181
Cone, Seed and Germination Characteristics in Silver Fir
(Abies pindrow SPACH) along the Altitudinal Gradient
Hillal Ahmad Bhat
Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal, India.
JKSC-1608

Abstract

Mature cones of Silver fir (Abies pindrow) were collected from phenotypically suprerior trees along the
four altitudinal stratas viz. A1(2,300 - 2,600 m), A2(2,600-2900 m), A3(2,900-3,200 m) and A4 (above 3,200
m) in Lidar forest division of Himalayan Kashmir during mid-Oct. The cone morphometric characteristic
revealed significant variation. The cone length oscillated between 11.26(A3)-13.25(A2) cm. Maximum cone
diameter was recorded as 4.25 cm at altitude A2.The fresh cone weight varied between 65.23 (A3)-
82.12(A2) g. The fresh seed weight/1000 seeds was highest(76.21 g) in cones collected from altitude A2. The
seed dimensions for such seed were recorded as 11.23(length) and 5.02(width) mm. The altitude A2
resulted in the maximum germination percent (34.00) and germination value (3.80) under laboratory
conditions and therefore may be used may be used for the production of Abies pindrow seedling for
regeneration works.

Keywords: Abies Pindrow, Cones, Altitudinal, Germination Percent, Germination Value.

£
Presenting Author: Tel.: N. A.
E-mail Address: mihraj.dar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

182
Effect of Different Culture Media on Mycelial Growth of
Antigonastic Fungi of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani£, Khursheed Aalum
Govt .M.V.M College Bhopal, India.
JKSC-1654

Abstract

The present work was carried out to study effect of different culture media on the mycelial growth of
pathogenic fungi on pea (Pisum sativum L.) Five different culture media were used for isolation, growth
and physiological studies of antagonists. Significant effect was shown by culture media on mycelial
growth, of the Trichoderma species. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium supporting maximum growth
rate (45.43 mm) and minimum growth rate was observed on water agar medium (9 mm) for all the
biocontrol agents. Best growth was showed by T. harzianum by utilizing all culture medium followed by
Trichoderma longibrachiatum and T. viride. The maximum growth rate was observed in case of T.
harzianum on PDA medium and minimum growth was in case of T. longibrachiatum and T. viride on
cornmeal agar medium.

Keywords: Pisum sativum L, Mycelial Growth, Biocontrol Agent, Culture Media.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018408157.
E-mail Address: wimtiyaz786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

183
Plant Regeneration Through Organogenesis From Petiole
Explants of Heracleum Candicans Wall
Mahroofa Jan£, Seema Singh, Irshad A. Nawchoo, Farhana Maqbool
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1651

Abstract

Heracleum belongs to family Apiaceae which is one of the most important families of flowering plants
with more than 300 genera and 3000 species. Heracleum candicans Locally known by the name Patrala
is a perennial medicinal herb. Presence of furocoumarins such as heraclenol, xanthotoxin and
xanthotoxol has led to its unsustainable harvesting in nature for commercial utilization which poses
great threats to the existence of this species. During the present study, plants were regenerated through
organogenesis from petiole explants of field grown plants. The petiole explants produced callus on MS
medium supplemented with both auxins and cytokinins individually and in different combinations.
Shoot regeneration was obtained from petiole derived callus on MS medium fortified with BAP alone
and in combination with IAA. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium and were
successfully acclimatized in green house under controlled conditions.

Keywords: Medicinal plant, Shoot, Root, Propagation, Auxin, Cytokinin.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889678949.
E-mail Address: mahroofa1989@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

184
Fractions and Availability of Micronutrients to Some
Vegetable Crops in Soils of District Budgam
M. A. Bhat
Division of Soil Science, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1602

Abstract

Micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Ni) were assessed in potential vegetable growing areas of District
Budgam. A total of 84 georefrenced soil and vegetable samples were collected from six sites of the District.
The crops studied for micronutrient levels included cabbage, cauliflower, kale, turnip, radish, spinach,
and knol khol. The contents of Zn in vegetables varied from 15.98 to 55.6 mg kg-1, Fe from 32.52 to 220 mg
kg-1, Cu from 2.76 to 25.23 mg kg-1, Mn from 24.23 to 16.43 mg kg-1 and Ni from 1.52 to 5.81 mg kg-1. All
the vegetables accumulated the micronutrients below the permissible levels except for Ni, which was
accumulated over the maximum permissible limits in about 90.48% of vegetable crops. However, Zn was
found as the most deficient micronutrient (19%) followed by Fe (4.76%), Mn (2.38%) and Cu (2.38%) in
vegetable tissues. As total levels of micronutrients provide no or little information about their chemical
nature or potential mobility and bio-availability in the soil, so, chemical fractionation of micronutrients
was employed to study the metal distributions in various soil fractions by applying Tessier,s procedure.
Most of the micronutrients were associated with the residual fraction. The mobility and bioavailability of
micronutrients varied in the order as Fe> Mn> Ni> Zn. The correlation coefficients indicated that pH,
organic carbon, CaCO3 content and cation exchange capacity were the major soil properties influencing
the distribution and bioavailability of micronutrients in soils. The investigation will be very useful in
monitoring micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities and implementing an efficient micronutrient
management programme in vegetable growing soils of district Budgam.

Keywords: Micronutrients, Crops, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: N.A.
E-mail Address: auyoubbutt@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

185
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Parthenium
hysterophorus L. an Invasive Plant Species in Jammu and
Kashmir State, India
Basharat Ahmad Bhat£1, Tanveer ul Hassan Dar2, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo3
1,2
School of Bio Science and Bio Technology BGSBU ,Rajouri, India.
3
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1381

Abstract

Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Carrot weed, Congress grass) is recognised as one of the most notorious
invasive alien plant species. It was introduced into India accidently with wheat grain imports in the 1950s,
and has attained a major ecological concern in the country. In Jammu and Kashmir (J & K) State, P.
hysterophorus has wide-spread distribution in the sub-tropical areas of Jammu region but sporadic
distribution in the temperate Kashmir Valley. Considering the lack of information on population genetics
of P. hysterophorus in J & K, the present study was carried out. In the present study, on the basis of ISSR
data, the population from Jammu was found to be the most diverse while the population from Uri showed
the least diversity. Nei’s genetic distance was the highest (0.1429) between population 5 (Rajouri) and
population 6 (Uri) and the lowest (0.0246) between population 1 (Udhampur) and population 2
(Katra).Cluster analysis revealed three major groups in samples of species from all collection sites.
Population number 6 (from Uri) formed a distinct group away from the other populations. The patterns
of genetic structure revealed in the present study may be helpful for understanding different reproduction
strategies, history of colonization, genetic drift, selection pressures and multiple introductions of P.
hysterophorus.

Keywords. Parthenium hysterophorus L., Biological Invasion, Genetic Diversity, Genetic drift, ISSR Markers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006608230.
E-mail Address: basharatbhat42@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

186
Differences in Mycorrhizal Colonization and Plant Species
Distribution along an Altitudinal Gradient in Kashmir
Himalaya
Mudasir Ahmad Dar£, Manzoor A Shah, Zafar A. Reshi
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1383

Abstract

Widely distributed, abundant populations of alien plant species in novel ranges has not only intrigued
ecologists and conservationists but generated a lot of interest in unravelling this ecological uncertainty.
In Kashmir Himalaya many plant species are exotic and some of them are invasive. Initial work carried
out on some invasive species revealed high incidence of root associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
(AMF) in their novel ranges. Taking cue from this initial work, we examined the mycorrhizal status of 406
(335 alien and 71 native) species found in the Kashmir Himalaya, India. Data on the mycorrhizal status
and altitudinal range of the concerned species were obtained using some primary published and web
based sources. Test of equality of proportions and regression analysis were mainly done to work out the
relation between plant invasiveness and mycorrhizality. With the increasing altitude, the mycorrhizal
status of both the alien and native plant species shows a decreasing trend, however, alien plant species
showed much stronger negative correlation than natives as reflected by the values of the Pearson's
correlation coefficients. Except for natives in the alpine vegetation zone, both the aliens and natives
showed significantly higher proportion of mycorrhizal species compared to non-mycorrhizal counterparts
in all the vegetation zones (Temperate, Montane, Sub-alpine and Alpine). Besides aliens in the alpine
vegetation zone were reported to be more mycorrhizal than natives in the same vegetation zone,
suggesting that invasion in the alpine communities is probably promoted by mycorrhizal symbiosis. These
results allow us to conclude that mycorrhizal mutualism and plant invasion are related, providing avenues
to unravel the mechanisms and management of alien plant invasion in this geographically sensitive
domain.

Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Alien Species, Natives, Alpine, Vegetation Zones, Mutualism.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006509799.
E-mail Address: armudasir59@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

187
Dynamic Changes of Growth Parameters and Antioxidant
Enzyme Responses of Chicory Plants (Cichorium intybus L.)
Grown in Mercury-Induced Stress
Bisma Malik£1, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah2, Inayatullah Tahir3, Reiaz Ul Rehman4
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
1,2,4

Department of Bontany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-623

Abstract

The phytotoxicity and oxidative damage in response to different concentrations of Hg (0, 25, 50 and
75µM) were evaluated in chicory plants. The root and shoot growth, biomass accumulation declined
significantly at highest Hg concentration (75µM) and Hg accumulation was higher in roots than in
shoots as indicated by translocation factor (TF) Ë‚1. Changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content increased with increasing concentration of Hg
treatment. 3, 3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) polymerizes instantly and locally as soon as it comes in contact
with H2O2 in the presence of peroxidase, and it was found that Hg2+ ions in leaves of chicory was
positively correlated with the generation of superoxide radical (O-2) and H2O2 as evidenced by DAB
mediated tissue fingerprinting. Besides osmolytes and photosynthetic pigment contents were found to be
significantly increased by increasing the concentration of Hg exposure upto 50µM while slightly
decreased at higher doses. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were markedly
increased in a dose-dependent response while activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol
peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) were found to be
increased with increasing Hg concentration up to 50µM however it was decreased at 75µM Hg
concentration. It was concluded from the present study that chicory possesses a strong tolerance
mechanism against Hg induced oxidative stress and could be used as a potential phytoremediation plant
in Hg polluted environments.

Keywords: Cichorium Intybus, Antioxidant Enzymes, Mercury Accumulation, Translocation Factor, Tolerance Index,
Tissue Fingerprinting.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889400144.
E-mail Address: bisma767@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

188
Strategies for Promoting Multiple Silkworm Cocoon Crops in
Jammu and Kashmir State for Sustainable Sericulture
Haroon Rashid Ahmad£, Gulzar Ahmad Khan, Dr. Mrinal Kanti Ghosh
Central Sericultural Research And Training Institute Pampore, Central Silk Board Government Of India, Pulwama, India.
JKSC-1117

Abstract

The state of Jammu and Kashmir has been practicing sericulture from time immemorial and sericulture
has been one of the important revenue generating industries of the state providing gainful subsidiary
occupation to thousands of families directly or indirectly. But unfortunately state has witnessed many ups
and downs in production and productivity and from last few years there is some increase in Cocoon
production level. However, there has not been a corresponding increase in production level in J&K state,
which even though has a good potential for production of quality bivoltine silk of international standard
in spite of the fact that the climatic conditions coupled with better soil conditions are quite good and
congenial for bivoltine silk worm rearing. Analysis of factors, to know the reasons responsible for low
development of silk industry in the state has revealed that commercialization of multiple cocoon crops is
yet to be picked up in the state there by affecting the overall cocoon production and subsequently the
economics at farmers level. From last few years second commercial crop has been introduced but only 15-
20% and the cocoon production is around 20-25 kg/100 dfls. There are many factors which influence silk
worm cocoon production and come in to the way of introduction of multiple cocoon crops in J&K State.
These factors and problems and prospects of introduction of multiple cocoon crops in J&K State are
discussed in detail.

Keywords: Silk Worm Rearing, Cocoon Production, Multiple Cropping.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 7006917150
E-mail Address: rashidharoon1965@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

189
Animal Science
192
Diversity and population dynamics of Brevicoryne brassicae
and Lipaphis erysimi infesting Brassicaceous plants in central
Kashmir
Shahnaz Manzoor Butt£, Altaf Hussain Mir
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar
JKSC-427

Abstract

A preliminary survey for diversity and population dynamics of aphids was made at fortnightly intervals
from January to august, 2017. A total of two species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting
Brassicaceous plants were recorded. Among the aphid species, Brevicoryne brassicae was found
significantly more abundant followed by Lipaphis erysimi. The relative abundance of brassicae was 63.31
percent at Ganderbal and 36.68% at Nishat locations respectively. The other species Lipaphis erysimi was
abundant in Nishat 44.44% and its relative abundance in Ganderbal was found 55.55%. The population
dynamics of aphids was recorded and it was found that from January to March, the population was
significantly very much low. The initial appearance of aphid was recorded in the month of March. The
peak level of aphid infestation on the host plants reached in the month of June. After that there was a
decline in the population of aphids in the month of July and it was also found that the aphid populations
became significantly low in the month of August especially that of erysimi.

Keywords: Aphid, Brassicaceous Plants, Brevicoryne Brassicae, Diversity, Population Dynamics, Lipaphis Erysimi.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006220349.
E-mail Address: shahnaazbhat57@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

193
A Study on Distribution of Avifauna in Shallabough Wetland,
Ganderbal Kashmir
Humera Imtiaz£, Bashir Ahmed Ganai
Centre of Research for Development,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1406

Abstract

The present study was carried in Shallabough wetland Kashmir during 2014 to 2015.In this paper emphasis
were lead on distribution pattern of birds in the wetland. A total of sixty-two species of birds were
identified among which twenty-two were residents twenty-one were summer visitors sixteen were winter
visitors and three species were identified as local altitudinal migrants during the study period. Most
number of birds were recorded from family Anatidae followed by Ardeidae and Laridae. For the purpose
of present study, the wetland was divided in to different study sites. The birds were identified before
counting by studying their characteristic features in accordance with identification keys, evolved by Ali
and Ripley (1968, 1975) and Ali (1979). Visual census method was used for observing the birds in wetland.
Birds were monitored mostly during morning hours when they used to come out for feeding.

Keywords: Birds, Wetland, Anatidae, Ardidae.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796364599.
E-mail Address: humeraimtiaz59@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

194
A Survey Study of Family Coccinellidae and Chrysomelidae
(Coleoptera) in Kargil
Mohd Feroz£1, Janak Singh Tara2, Mohsin Ali3
1
Gocernment Degree College Sopore, J & K University of Jammu.
2
Department of Zoology University Of Jammu.
3
Department of Zoology, Government Degree College for Women Baramulla.
JKSC-560

Abstract

Beetles are the most abundant group of the insect belonging to order Coleoptera. An attempt was made
to record the diversity of beetles inhabiting the dry, cold arid region of District Kargil. Kargil, one of the
two districts of Ladakh region lies between 34o36 North Latitude and 76o06 East Longitude at an altitude
of 2,636 meter above sea level on the Suru river just short of its confluence with the Drass-Shingo river.
Three different altitudinal sites having different habitats and vegetation types were surveyed to record the
insect fauna belonging to family Coccinellidae & Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). A total of 13 beetle species
belonging to family Coccinellidae and family Chrysomelidae were recorded and studied in detail with
regards to their taxonomic status, habit and habitat, distribution and diagnostic features.

Keywords: Kargil, Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae, Altitude.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006151947.
E-mail Address: feroz.ento@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

195
Alterations in Haematological Profile of Cyprinus carpio
Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticide (Malathion)
Masarat Jan£1, Md Niamat Ali2, Farooz Ahmad Bhat3
1,2
Centre Of Research for Development (CORD,) University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-961

Abstract

Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are highly effective and exhibit relatively non-persistent
characteristics. However, these pesticides lack specificity, and it has been demonstrated that they are also
highly toxic to non-target species, including mammals, birds, and aquatic organisms. Malathion (O,O-
dimethyl-S,1,2-bis ethoxy carbonyl ethylphosphorodithioate; CAS number 121-75-5) is a non-systemic,
wide spectrum pesticide in the organophosphate chemical family and is widely used throughout the
world.. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of different concentrations
of malathion (2,4,5 and 6 ppm) on the haemotological parameters in the Cyprinus carpio (Pisces:
Cyprinidae). Cyprinus carpio were divided into 4 groups and 10 fishes per group being acclimatized for 45
days. They were then exposed to various concentrations of malathion for varied durations. Control fishes
were not subjected to any treatment. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of
malathion in C. carpio blood profile after 24, 48, 72 and 96h exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of 2, 4,
5 and 6 ppm. Blood was collected at the end of experiment to analyze the effect of test chemical on
haematological parameters. The present studies showed that with the increase in exposure time and
increase in dose concentration, there was decrease in Red blood cell (RBC) count starting from 1.49 x106
mm-3, to the highest 0.89 x106 mm-3. Haemoglobin content was observed at the rate of 7.12, 6.72, 6.18
and 5.64 g/dl respectively and the haematocrit value was 32.43, 20.88, 18.52 and 18.10%, when compared
to the control (RBC- 1.99x106 mm-3, Hb- 8.25 g/dl and Ht- 40%). Whereas the number of white blood
cells (WBC) increased from (31.88, 48.72, 88.87 and 102.74 x 103 mm-3) in malathion treated fishes when
compared to the control value of 25.69 mm-3x 103. The findings of the present study demonstrate that
malathion has negative effect on the hematological parameters.

Keywords: Organophosphorus, Malathion, Cyprinus Carpio, Haematological Parameters, Hb content, RBC,WBC

count.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858457463.
E-mail Address: massaratrehmaan@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

196
Antimicrobial Peptides as Host Defense Peptides and
Molecular Effectors of Innate Immunity: A Review
Uzma Shabir£
Centre of Research for Development. University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-270

Abstract

Since the beginning of life living organisms have achieved a capability to survive in sustainable
environment which affords an ecological habitat for them. But, in quite often instances, living organisms
have subsisted in a competitive or co-operative relationship with nature, by displaying mutualistic,
symbiotic, parasitic connotation with other organisms for their relentless comfort, security and survival.
As it is now fate of an enormous number of living organisms that they are infected with pathogenic
microbes, thus nature has provided them with mechanism to combat pathogens. These mechanisms range
from the simple first line of defense, (for example; skin, mucus, nasal hairs, sebaceous and sweat glands)
to the more complex second line of defense (innate and acquired immune system) which encompass
various naturally occurring chemicals, organs, specific tissues, cells their secretory products, factors and
molecules collectively constituting the immune system of an organism. A specific portion of immune
system is constituted by naturally occurring endogenous molecules known as Antimicrobial peptides
(AMP`S) which act as molecular effectors of innate immunity of the host and occur naturally in all living
organisms ranging from single celled prokaryotes to highly developed multicellular eukaryotes (both
animals as well as plants). Developments of AMPs as zoo therapeutics is one of the new and fascinating
approach of drug development. Many among such endogenous AMPs are those with robust properties.
Few essential properties of such bioactive peptides include; rapid diffusion to the site of infection,
recruitment of other immune cells to infected tissues and organs, vigorous potential to rapidly neutralize
and combat broad range of pathogens, and quite a few times they act as natural antibiotics. However,
AMPs also demonstrate diverse biologic effect, like endotoxin neutralization, immunomodulation and
induction of angiogenesis in mammals and hence are observed as very attractive therapeutic tools. This
review highlights new members, novel and affective mechanisms of action in therapeutics and interesting
applications of these unique AMPs from living organisms.

Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides, Host defense, Innate immunity, Therapeutics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622693500
E-mail Address: uzmaziya@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

197
Avifaunal Survey of Kashmir University Campus Srinagar,
Kashmir
Iqram Ul Haq£1, Bilal A. Bhat2, Sabeehah Rehman3, Zaffar Rais Mir4, Yawer Hussain
Shabir5
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
1,2,5
3
Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
4
Division of Wildlife Sciences, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1330

Abstract

The University of Kashmir campus, located 11 kms away from city of Srinagar is known for its picturesque
location and scenic beauty. Flanked by the famous Dal lake on its eastern side and Nigeen lake on western
side, it remains a prime attraction for tourists. The campus is spread on 247 acres with its tall Chinar trees,
variety of vegetation types, botanical garden of the campus and green lawns serving as an attraction for
different birds as well. A brief study was carried out for the period of two months, (May-June, 2017) to
assess diversity of avifauna in University of Kashmir, main campus. Data collection was made through
point count method with 9 fixed points in different habitat types. Field binocular (10X50 magnifications)
was used for visual surveys. Visual and watching surveys revealed the presence of 29 bird species with 26
genera placed taxonomically under 21 families which were further arranged systematically under eight
orders. Passeriformes was the dominant group with 19 bird species followed by Columbiformes and
Psittaciformes with 2 species of birds; while remaining 5 orders, Piciformes, Cuculiformes, Bucerotiformes,
Accipiteriformes and Pelecaniformes, were represented by 1 species each.

Keywords: Avifauna, Diversity, Point count.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298539358.
E-mail Address: iqramulhaqmalik@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

198
Bacterial Diversity Associated with Rainbow Trout
(Oncoryhnchus mykiss): A Cultured Fish of Kashmir Valley
Sabeehah Rehman£, Ruqeya Nazir, Gulam Jeelani Dar
Centre of Research For Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1372

Abstract

Fish are one of the most beneficial and nutritional resources of human beings. Food and ornamental fish
aquaculture are continuously flourishing and also form an important part of economy of Kashmir valley.
Contemporary with this growth large numbers of fresh water fishes are threatened due to fragile nature
of fresh water habitats and the pressure exerted due to human activities worldwide. Recent years have
been witnessing enormous increase in trout fisheries in Kashmir with establishment of many hatcheries
that harbour rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). The present work deals with the analysis of the
microbial communities present in integument associated with the economically important fish from a few
water bodies of Kashmir using morphological and biochemical methods. The fish swabs from integument
were isolated on nutrient agar, the isolates were identified using macro-morphological colony
characteristics and Gram staining kit. Bacterial loads in the trout found at site1, site2 and site3 were 45*106
CFU/g, 80*106 CFU/g and 39*106 CFU/g respectively. The invariability in the CFU of bacterial pathogens
of fish integuments depends on water quality of these fish farms and their health status
(immunocompromised or immunocompetent). Macromorphology and Gram staining characteristics
show that the bacteria pathogens associated with rainbow trout belong to Enterobacteriaceae,
Flavobacterium, Streptococcaceae.

Keywords: Integument, Aquaculture, Macromorphology and Swabs.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493087767.
E-mail Address: sabeehah1639@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

199
Cestode Incidence and Electrophoretic Pattern of Somatic
Proteins from Adenoscolex Oreini (Cestoda: Caryophylleidae)
Nighat Un Nissa£1, Fayaz Ahmad2, Nazir Ahmad Dar3
1,2
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1093

Abstract

Fishes like other organisms face several problems, mainly caused by environmental deterioration and
parasitism. Information about parasitic infections in fish fauna provides useful information about an
ecosystem, and are indication of anthropogenic impacts and environmental changes occurring within the
hosts habitat. A comparative study of cestode parasites identified as Adenoscolex oreini, Bothriocephalus
acheilognathi, from Schizothorax plagiostomus and S. esocinus collected from river Veshaw was carried
out between May 2016 to April 2017. Out of 208 fish specimens collected from two study sites, 28
specimens were found infected with prevalence of 14.64% and 9.8% and mean intensity of 9.9 and 3 in S.
plagiostomus and S. esocinus respectively. Adenoscolex oreini showed dominance over Bothriocephalus
acheilognathi. Gel filtration chromatography of crude protein of Adenoscolex oreini got resolved into two
peaks (peak I and II). The crude protein extract along with two peaks eluted from gel filtration
chromatography were run on 12% SDS-PAGE. Characterization of peak I and II of gel filtration
chromatography exhibited high and low molecular weight proteins respectively, on SDS-PAGE. Crude
protein mixture of Adenoscolex oreini got resolved into different bands ranging from 15-180 kDa. This
study is a first step to generate a baseline data about biochemical profile of the cestode protein bands.
Further characterization of proteins will be helpful to understand the host-parasites relationship which
will be of great practical importance through chemotherapy and vaccine production which will help to
overcome loss caused in fisheries sector.

Keywords: Adenoscolex oreini, Bothriocephalus achelognathi, SDS-PAGE, Gel Filtration, Veshaw river.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006543101.
E-mail Address: nissanighat87@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

200
Checklist of Birds of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary
Raiees Raja£, Md. Niamat Ali, G. Ahmad Bhat
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Centre of Research For Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1353

Abstract

The present study dealt with framing the checklist of birds seen in Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary. The study
area was divided into four sites viz. Drang Forest, Gulmarg meadow, Gulmarg Forest and Khilanmarg.
Investigations were conducted for a period of one year from July 2016 to July 2017 covering all the seasons.
Point count method was used for data collection. Transects were walked in a straight manner at a fixed
speed to record the birds on or near the line. Transects were monitored during early hours in morning
and late in evening, since peak activity of birds lasts 1 to 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. Binoculars
were used to observe birds clearly and various field guides were employed for identification. Birds were
observed using Nikon binoculars (10X—50X), identified and named using the keys and in many cases
photographs were taken in order to confirm the identification. Photographs were taken by Canon still
camera with 300mm zoom lens. Various research advisors, locals, field staff of Wildlife Department
Tangmarg were consulted during the study period for data collection. The dominant species were jungle
crow, tree sparrow, Indian blue rock pigeon, common myna, blue whistling thrush, common black bird,
European Starling and streaked laughing thrushes. There was a general decline in the species richness
with an increase in altitude.

Keywords: Checklist, Diversity, Sanctuary, Khilanmarg, Gulmarg, Tangmarg, Point-count.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596538171.
E-mail Address: raieesrajamir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

201
Anticancer Activity of Deguelin-A Plant Rotinoid by its
Binding to Anti Apoptotic Molecules (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-
1)
Mahak Majeed Zargar£, Manzoor Mir
Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-488

Abstract

Cancer is the second leading cause of deaths worldwide. The conventional chemo and radiation therapy
against cancer are associated with many side effects like cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and
radio resistance. Phytotherapy offers an attractive option to prevent cancer. In this direction, antioxidant
nutrients and phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants have received better cultural acceptability,
show better efficacy and compatibility with the human body and pose lesser side effects. A number of
natural compounds from plants have been shown to have apoptotic activity against a variety of cancers.
The chemotherapeutic activity of deguelin, a plant retinoid is currently under intensive investigation and
its antitumor and anti-proliferative activity has been demonstrated recently both in vitro and in vivo.
deguelin inhibits proliferation, migration of malignant cells, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via
downregulating AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Deguelin also circumvent radio-
resistance by decreasing radiation-induced Akt signaling and HIF-1 expression in breast cancer and non-
small cell lung cancer cells. Further deguelin induced apoptosis in lung squamous cell cancers through
activation of MAP-kinase pathway by downregulating expression of galectin-1. However, in most of the
cancers critical balance is maintained between apoptosis and cell survival by antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of
proteins. But whether deguelin induces apoptosis through its binding with anti-apoptotic proteins, was
not known. In this paper we are presenting an account that deguelin induces apoptosis by binding to anti-
apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1. So, it is evident that d524 deguelin acts through several
alternative pathways and therefore can be explored as an effective therapeutic agent against various types
of malignancies.

Keywords: Phytotherapy, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Signaling, MAP-Kinases, Anti-Apoptotic Molecules, Therapeutic

Agent.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889882584.
E-mail Address: mehakmajeed995@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

202
Description of Loffienema Dehnoriensis gen. n., sp. n.
(Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from Jammu and Kashmir State,
India
Kaisar Ahmad Allie£, Ali Asghar Shah
Nematode Biodiversity Research Lab, CBS, School of Biosciences And Biotechnology, BGSB, University, Rajouri, India.
JKSC-1138

Abstract

Nematodes also called as round worms are found in almost all the habitats ranging from extreme dry to
wet regions. Most of the Rhabditid nematodes are bacterivores or fungivores as far as their feeding
behavior is concerned. They are found in rich population in organic rich humus soil, where they are useful
in nutrient cycling as well as mineralization. A new nematode belonging to genus Loffienema is reported
from the main campus of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri. For nematodes extraction, the
sample was processed by modified Cobb’s sieving and decantation method and Baermann’s funnel
technique. Nematodes were examined under stereomicroscope. Hot F.A (4:1) was used to fix the
nematodes. Later the nematodes were transferred into the glycerine alcohol (5:95) and then kept in a
dessicator for dehydration. Dehydrated nematodes were mounted in anhydrous glycerine on glass slides
using wax ring method. The morphological observations were made on an Olympus BX51 DIC microscope.
The new nematode is characterized by a medium-sized body, slightly offset labial region, stegostom
isoglottoid weakly developed, amphidelphic gonads, spicules slender and separate, spoon-shaped
gubernaculums, reduced bursa with eight pairs of bursal rays.

Keywords: Loffienema, New Genus, Reduced Bursa, Spathulate Gubernaculum, Taxonomy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9086558849.
E-mail Address: kaisarf05@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

203
Determination of Acute Toxicity and Histopathological
Impact of Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Carassius
Carassius (Crucian carp)
Anjum Afshan£1, Md Niamat Ali2, Farooz Ahmad Bhat3
1,2
Cytogentics and Molecular Biology Lab,Centre of Research for Development,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
3
Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-883

Abstract

Phthalates (esters of phthalic acid) especially DEHP mainly used as plasticizers have attracted special
attention of the scientific community, regulatory agencies and the general public as a consequence of their
high production volume and widespread use. In this study 96h LC50 value of di-n-butyl phthalate (DEHP),
was determined in Crucian carp (Carassius carassius). The experiments were planned with total of
thirteen doses of DEHP employing the semi-static test method of acute toxicity. 10 fishes were placed in
each replicate of each dose. The study was carried out using 60L aquaria. Acclimatized fishes were not fed
24h before the start of the tests. The data obtained were evaluated by the use of Behrens and Karber
method and 96h LC50 value for Carrassius carassius was determined in a semi-static bioassay system.
Additionally, histopathological investigations of liver, kidney and gill tissues were conducted. Kidney,
liver and gill specimens were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and processed for paraffin embedding.
The sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) for histopathological examination under a
light microscope. Histopathological examination of the liver, kidney and gills showed pathological
alterations.

Keywords: DEHP, Acute Toxicity, Lc50, Crucian Carp, Semi-Static Test System, Histopathology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494066041.
E-mail Address: anjum4097@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

204
Distributional Pattern of Rotifera in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir
Irfan Jamila£1, A.R. Yousuf2
1
Govt. Women College, M.A Road, Srinagar, India.
2
Biological Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-247

Abstract

Manasbal is the deepest fresh water lake of Kashmir. It is warm monomictic lake and remains thermally
stratified. The aim of the present study was to compare present status of Rotifera with past studies and
their depth wise distribution. During the study period (2011-2013) 33 species of Rotifera were recorded
from three study sites of the Lake. The data was compared with past studies, it was observed that most of
the species were new records and some have been disappeared completely as the lake has over the years
been greatly influenced by the human activity. Highest diversity was recorded at littoral macrophyte
infested areas. In the limnetic zone which experiences thermal stratification from March to November
diversity was low. The depth wise distribution of Rotifers indicated a remarkable phenomenon of
concentration of most of the species during summer stratification in the region of metalimnion as
decreasing temperature slows down sinking velocity of food particles which probably attract the
organisms. The hypolimnion, with its anoxic condition did not attract many Roifera resulting in their
migration from hypolimnion into metalimnion.

Keywords: Anoxic , Temperature, Stratification, Metalimnion, Hypolimnion.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419536493.
E-mail Address: irfanjamila@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

205
Ecto & Endoparasites of Fish Fauna of River Jehlum and Sindh
Yawer Husssain Parra£1, Ibraq Khurshid Wani2, Fayaz Ahmad3 , Iqram ul Haq4
1,3,4
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Animal Sciences (Zoology), Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1382

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to have a comparative study of the ecto and endo parasites of fishes
inhabiting river Jhelum and Sindh. This study was carried out from April 2015 to March 2016. During the
study a total of 200 fishes were examined out of which 165 were found to be infected with Helminth
parasites (cestodes nematodes, trematodes and acanthocephalans). Fish species of Schizothorax were
found to be abundantly infested with Diplozoon kashmiriensis, Clinostomum schizothoraxi,
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Adenoscolex orieni, Rhabdochona raillieti and Pomphorynchus
kashmiriensis. From the present study, it may be inferred that the susceptibility of Schizothorax species
to helminth infestation may be considered as one of the factors responsible for the decline of this native
fish from the water bodies of Kashmir valley. Moreover, the difference in the pattern of helminth
parasitisation in the two water bodies indicates that pollution also plays a vital role in this decline.

Keywords: River Jhelum, River Sindh, Helminth, Trematode, Cestode, Nematode, Acanthocephala, Fish, Schizothorax.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780822799.
E-mail Address: hussainyawer98@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

206
Effect of Feed Additives Supplementation Alone and in
Combination on Quantitative and Qualitative Wool
Attributes of Growing Corriedale Lambs
Gowher Gull Sheikh£, A.M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad, Yasir Afzal
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences
and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1277

Abstract

A trial of 90 days was conducted on 24 male Corriedale lambs divided in four groups of six lambs each, to
study the effect of feeding probiotic mix and fibrolytic enzyme mix on gut health. A complete feed was
prepared containing paddy straw 50 parts and concentrate mixture 50 parts on dry matter basis as per
ICAR, 2013 with supplementation of probiotics mix (T1) and exogenous fibrolytic enzyme mix (T2) and
Combination of probiotics mix and exogenous fibrolytic enzyme mix (T3) while complete feed without
supplementation served as control(T0).

Keywords: Corriedale lambs, Feed additives, Wool parameters.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906160813.
E-mail Address: gull2217@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

207
Effect of Yeast (Sacchromyces Cerevisae) and Herb (Urtica
Dioica) Supplementation on in-Vitro Digestibility and
Fermentation Attributes of Paddy Straw
Subata Mehbob£, A. M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad, Yasir Afzal
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences
and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1268

Abstract

The study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro digestibility and fermentation parameters of paddy straw
and paddy straw based complete feed supplemented with feed additives viz. yeast (Sacchromyces
cerevisae) @ 0g (T0), 1g (T1), 2g (T2), 3g (T3), 4g (T4), 5g (T5) per kg dry matter and herb (Urtica dioica)
@ 0g (T0), 1g (T1), 2g (T2), 3g (T3), 4g (T4), 5g (T5) percent of dry matter of paddy straw using whole
rumen flora from sheep. Significant improvement in nutrient degradability of DM and NDF was observed
due to yeast and herb supplementation with maximum values at (T3) i.e.; 3g kg-1DM in case of yeast and
3% of DM in case of herb, respectively. Another in vitro study was carried to evaluate the effect of 3g kg-
1DM and 3% DM of yeast and herb alone and in combination on rumen fermentation parameters in
complete feed having paddy straw and concentrate mixture in 60:40 ratio. The yeast and herb alone and
in combination significantly improved nutrient degradability (DM and NDF), total rumen nitrogen, TCA-
ppt. N and TVFA in comparison to control with non-significant effect on rumen NH3-N. Additions of
yeast in complete feed significantly decreased rumen pH alone and in combination with herb, however
herb has no significant effect on rumen pH.

Keywords: Complete Feed, Herb, In Vitro Degradability, Paddy Straw, Yeast.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906160813.
E-mail Address: gull2217@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

208
Effect of Yeast (Sacchromyces Cerevisae) and Herb (Urtica
Dioica) Supplementation on Performance and Nutrient
Utilization of Crossbred
Subata Mehbob£, A.M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad, Yasir Afzal
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences
and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1269

Abstract

To study the effect of feeding of paddy straw based complete feed with or without supplementation of
feed additives on performance and nutrient utilization of crossbred sheep, a growth trial of 90 days was
conducted on 24 male crossbred lambs of 3-4 months old, divided in four groups of six lambs in each with
T0 (unsupplemented), T1 (Herb supplemented), T2 (Yeast supplemented) and T3 (Combination). A
complete feed was prepared containing paddy straw 60 parts and concentrate mixture 40 parts on DM
basis supplements with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2×1010cfu/g) @ 3 g/kg DM and herb ( Urtica
dioca ) @ 3% as per the in vitro studies carried to arrive at optimum level of incorporation of these feed
additives to paddy straw based complete feed.

Keywords: Nutrient digestibility, Performance, Yeast.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906160813.
E-mail Address: gull2217@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

209
Egg Parasitism Caused by Trichogramma Spp. Against Maize
Stem Borer, Chilo partellus
Riyes Un Aziz£1, Santosh Gaherwal2
1
Department of Zoology, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, India.
2
Department of Zoology, Devi Ahilya Vishvavidhalaya, Indore, India.
JKSC-420

Abstract

Present study was carried out to determine the numbers of egg batches and eggs per batch in the maize
fields of selected sites of Indore. Moreover, discovery efficiency and parasitism efficiency was also
determined. The result revealed that highest mean discovery efficiency rates of Trichogramma spp. was
found from Mhow and was therefore having low parasitism per field and lowest mean discovery efficiency
rate was recorded from Mangliya and was having high parasitism per field. There was generally a high
variation in the numbers of egg batches and eggs per batch among the sites surveyed. The predominant
parasitoid species was Trichogramma spp. This study showed that although egg parasitoid species
diversity was higher, egg parasitism was considerably lower in selected sites of Indore.

Keywords: Trichogramma spp, Discovery efficiency, Egg parasitism. Parasitism efficiency.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622847612.
E-mail Address: 786khanriyes@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

210
Epidemiology of Oestrus ovis L. 1761 (Diptera: Oestridae) in
Sheep in Kashmir Valley, India
Mohmad Muzafar Sheikh£, Hidayatullah Tak, Mustahson Farooq Fazili
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-922

Abstract

Oestrosis is a cosmopolitan myiasis infection caused by the larvae of Oestrus ovis, Linneaus, 1761 (Diptera:
Oestridae), known as sheep nasal bot fly. It is denoted as significant veterinary health hazard. Being an
obligate parasite, it inhabits nasal and sinus cavities of sheep, causing severe symptoms when intensity of
infection is high. Slaughter house surveys were carried out to evaluate prevalence and intensity of Oestrus
ovis in sheep in Kashmir valley, India. Of the total 472 heads examined from June 2016 to May 2017, 193
(40.89%) were infected with Oestrus ovis. The seasonal dynamics of Oestrus ovis infestation in sheep was
determined with highest prevalence in summer (57.98%), followed by autumn (38.33%), followed by
spring (38.33%), and least in winter (25%). The mean intensity of infection was 4.54 larvae per head.
Oestrus ovis larvae were present during all seasons of the year, but the larval were most intense during
summer followed by autumn, spring and least in winter. Prevalence varied significantly during seasons.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Oestrus Ovis, Sheep, Kashmir Valley, Hypobiosis and Myiasis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858307985.
E-mail Address: muzafar_sh23@yahoo.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

211
Evaluation of Immunoblotting Technique for the Diagnosis of
Somatic and Excretory/Secretory Antigens of Fasciola
Hepatica Isolated from Local Sheep Breeds of Kashmir Valley
Jehangir Shafi Dar£1, Bashir A Ganai2, Irfan-ur-Rauf Tak3, Rafiq. A. Shahardar4,
Mudasir A Tantry5
Centre of Research for Development,University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
1,2,3

4
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, SKUAST, Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
5
Department of chemistry, S. P College, Cluster University, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-305

Abstract

Fasciola hepatica commonly known as liver fluke is responsible for causing a disease called Fasciolosis.
The effects of clinical fasciolosis are well known but consequences of sub clinical infection often go
unnoticed, leading to major economic losses: reduced live-weight gains, milk yields and fertility, making
the early diagnosis of fascioliasis necessary. For these reasons, immunodiagnosis using the somatic and
E/S antigens of Fasciola hepatica plays a significant role for early diagnosis of fasciolosis. The antigenic
profile of whole worm extract and E/S antigens of Fasciola hepatica was revealed by sodium dodecyl
sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and immunoblotting using sera from cattle
naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. The SDS-PAGE analysis of crude somatic protein extract of F.
hepatica revealed the presence of cluster of protein bands with the molecular weight ranging from 10-90
kDa under reducing conditions in polyacrylamide gel cast with 12% separating and 10% stacking gel
mixture. However, seven protein bands with molecular weights of 16, 23, 27, 33, 42, 54 and 62 kDa were
found to be predominant. On the other hand, the electrophoretic protein profile of the E/S products of F
hepatica resolved into a number of protein bands clustered between 14-68 kDa under reducing conditions
with eight distinct bands at 14, 23, 27, 29, 33, 44, 54 and 66. Immunoblotting of the somatic fraction of
proteins revealed 5 immunodominant bands with molecular weights of 23, 27, 33, 54 and 66 with sera
samples of positive animals for F. hepatica. Among these 27 and 33 kDa are quit specific for F. hepatica in
crude antigen with high diagnostic specificity and sensitivety. Immunoblotting of E/S fraction of proteins
with the sera of positive animals for F. hepatica revealed six protein bands with molecular weights of 23,
27, 29, 33, 44 and 54. Among these 27 and 29 kDa are specific for F. hepatica in E/S antigen with high
diagnostic specificity and sensitivety.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Oestrus Ovis, Sheep, Kashmir Valley, Hypobiosis and Myiasis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006506845.
E-mail Address: humjehan@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

212
Feeding Ecology of Birds in Temperate and Subtropical Forest
of Pir Panchal Range of Middle Himalayan Chain of Doda,
J&K
Ajaz Ahmed Wani£1, Deep Narian Sahi2
1
Department of Zoology, Govt. degree College Doda, India.
2
Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-375

Abstract

Birds as one of the significant fauna which are directly or indirectly related with the human beings.
Therefore, avian diversity and its conservation is regarded as one of the major issue to enable sustainable
use of natural resources. It is necessary and need of the hour to conserve the avian diversity in their natural
habitat. The present paper deals with the survey and feeding guilds and feeding substrate preference of
birds carried out in temperate and sub-tropical forest in Pir Panchal range of Middle Himalayan chain of
North West Himalayas of erstwhile District Doda. The study area lies between 32O- 53" and 34O-21" North
Latitude and 750-1" and 76O-47" East Longitude with an elevation ranging between 700m to 4500m and
with varied climatic conditions. The present study documents 71 species of birds, out of 71 reported
species 26 species insectivores, 17 species were omnivores, 4 species were grainivores and frugivores each,
12 species were carnivores and 7 species share more than one feeding guilds.

Keywords: Avifauna, Pir Panchal, Himalayas, Diversity, Temperate, Subtropical Feeding Guilds and Doda.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419110443.
E-mail Address: dr.ajazwani@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

213
First Record of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) from Jammu &
Kashmir, India
Iram Khurshid£1, M. Jamal Ahmad2, M. Nayyar3
1
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Division of Entomology, SKUAST- (K), Shalimar, India.
3
Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-783

Abstract

Pteromalidae is a very large family of super family Chalcidoidea, with approximately 3,450 described
species so far under 640 genera, all over the world. They are grouped under 28 sub families by Boucek
(1988). Majority of species are egg, larval or pupal parasitoids attacking many orders cross Insecta, which
make them capable of being utilized in different biological control programmes world over. In view of the
importance of family Pteromalidae, information on faunistic diversity of this family from Jammu and
Kashmir is in a state of absolute infancy, and reveald of very little efforts made in this direction so far.
Ahmad J. et al (2012), has reported some new species of Pteromalids from Kashmir. Eight Pteromalid
genera (Pteromalidae: Hymenoptera) viz Homoporous Thomson, Callitula Spinola, Mesopolobus
Westwood, Syntomopus Walker, Stictomischus Thomson, Cyrtogaster Walker, Roptrocerus Ratzeburg,
Polycystus Westwood, and two species Splangia endius and Halticoptera budgami sp. under three sub
families namely, Miscogasterinae, Pteromalinae and Spalangiinae are reported for the first time in Jammu
and Kashmir. These Pteromalid parasitoids were collected by sweeping on grasses, fruit orchards, crop
fields, mughal gardens, university parks, green land scapes and some of them were reared from different
host insects. Brief diagnostics of each genera and observed package of characters are given. Diagnostic
characters of identified species from Kashmir are provided for the study of future workers.

Keywords: Pteromalidae, New Genera, Diagnostic Characters, Jammu and Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906532030.
E-mail Address: wani.iram@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

214
Giardiasis and its Impact on Haematological Profile of
Infected Children
Iram Abdullah£, Hidayatullah Tak, Fayaz Ahmad
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-725

Abstract

Giardiasis, an intestinal protozoan infection caused by Giardia intestinalis, is the most common protozoan
parasite infecting children especially in developing countries. In the current study, the incidence of
Giardiasis and its impact on various haematological parameters of infected children was assessed. The
stool and blood samples were collected from children aged 5 to 15 years living in different localities of
district Anantnag. After the analysis of samples, the results showed that the overall infection rate in
children was 8.20%. The infection rate was highest in the age group of 5 to 8 years and least in case of
children aged 13 to 15 years with male children (10.4%) being more infected than female ones (6.29%).
Results also revealed that mean values of haemoglobin were lower in infected children (10.05± 2.04 in
males and 10.08±0.80 in females) than in uninfected ones (11.15±1.23 in males and 11.36±1.15 in females).
The mean values of haematocrit also showed a decrease in their values in case of infected children (32.6
± 2.80 in males and 32.22 ± 1.62 in females) as compared to uninfected ones (36.2 ± 1.72 in males and
36.14 ± 1.19 in females). The total leukocyte count increased significantly in case of infected children
(9.38±0.61) in comparison to uninfected ones (7.96±0.33). While studying the differential leukocyte
count, significant increase in the number of eosinophils was observed in infected individuals (5.0±0.71)
compared to uninfected ones (3.2±0.44).

Keywords: Giardia, Haemoglobin, Leukocyte Count, Eosinophils.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858128849.
E-mail Address: miriram07@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

215
Haemato-Biochemical and Rumen Fermentation Parameters
of Sheep Fed Yeast and Herb Supplemented Paddy Straw
Subata Mehbob £, A. M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H. A. Ahmad, Yasir Afzal
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences
and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1271

Abstract

To study the effect of feeding of paddy straw based complete feed with or without supplementation of
feed additives on performance and nutrient utilization of crossbred sheep, a growth trial of 90 days was
conducted on 24 male crossbred lambs of 3-4 months old, divided in four groups of six lambs in each with
T0 (unsupplemented), T1 (Herb supplemented), T2 (Yeast supplemented) and T3 (Combination). A
complete feed was prepared containing paddy straw 60 parts and concentrate mixture 40 parts on DM
basis supplements with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2×1010cfu/g) @ 3 g/kg DM and herb (Urtica
dioca) @ 3% as per the in vitro studies carried to arrive at optimum level of incorporation of these feed
additives to paddy straw based complete feed. The haemato-biochemical estimates were made
periodically as ancillary observations to assess the physiological status of health of lambs. Regarding
haemato-biochemical parameters of blood, Hb, PCV, biochemical parameters (Total serum protein,
albumin, globulin, BUN, serum creatinine, and serum enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT) were well within the
normal range.

Keywords: Herb, Haemato-Biochemical Parameters, Rumen Fermentation Parameters ,Yeast.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906160813.
E-mail Address: gull2217@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

216
Ichthyofauna of Vishav Stream of South Kashmir: A Short
Term Study
Mohammad Yasir Arafat£, Yahya Bakhtiyar
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1457

Abstract

The valley of Kashmir, gifted by nature by means of diverse aquatic ecosystems which include some of the
world wide famous rivers, lakes, streams, springs and wetlands. This very gift facilitates the preferred
habitat qualities of various aquatic organisms, among which fishes have been regarded as a major
component due to their higher trophic position, important role in energy flows, nutrient cycling and
maintaining community balances for ecosystems, delicacy as food and a means of earning livelihood by
local populace. The river Jehlum which originates from Verinag and passes through major districts of the
valley is considered as a lifeline of Kashmir valley. Among major tributaries of the river Jehlum, the Vishav
stream originates from Kaunsarnag, is one of its main live and perennial tributary having a catchment
area of 1230 sq kms. The present study is a part of the recently initiated research work to obtain a
preliminary data on the fish fauna at different sites of Vishav stream bestowed with different habitat
features. The study revealed the presence of different varieties of indigenous as well as some exotic fishes.
Among them, the most common species include Schizothorax plagiostomus, S. labiatus, S. esocinus, S.
curvifrons, Triplophysa spp., Glyptothorax spp., Crossocheilus diplochilus and some carp species viz.,
Cyprinus carpio communis and C. c. specularis. Among the native fishes, the most dominant species was
found to be S. plagiostomus, mainly preferring habitat with boulders and stones, followed by S. labiatus
and S. esocinus. This ongoing study will help to reveal an important data on such group of animal world
which serve as an important link in aquatic food chain and as a sensitive bio-indicator to evaluate trophic
status of the water body.

Keywords: Vishav Stream, Schizothorax, Food Chain, Bio-indicator.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889642536.
E-mail Address: yasirt99@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

217
Jammu and Kashmir: A Healthy Ecosystem over Globe
Showkat Hussain£, Susan Manohar
Department of Zoology and Applied Aquaculture, Barkatullah University , Bhopal, India.
JKSC-1326

Abstract

Progress of particular state depends on many sectors viz., industrial, agricultural etc. To fulfill the
demands of mankind, man has behaved very selfish and has degraded various components of inhabiting
ecosystems. Further, evil greed to achieve upper limits of progress at the cost of ecosystem health still
exists at alarming rate. Jammu and Kashmir is said to be paradise on the earth•, inhabiting a rich fauna.
Data from state environment, J&K (2012-13) reveal that there are about 44 fish species, 14 amphibian
species, 68 reptile species, 358 avian species and 73 species of mammals inhabiting the state. Besides
state Jammu and Kashmir is achieving new goals and value positions in the field of progress, still to some
extant scientific community and common man has paid their valuable efforts in biodiversity conservation
strategies. Very fortunate to mention herein is that out of this ample diversified fauna, the number of
animals enlisted in Red Book Data (endemic species) is: 1 species each from amphibian, reptilian and
mammalian group which represents very small number in comparison to biodiversity loss of other
ecosystem over globe. There seems to be no alternative other than sufficient scientific knowledge about
these ecologically and economically valuable to conserve this glorious and healthy ecosystem.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Mammals, Ecology, Ecosystem.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596420423.
E-mail Address: showkatmohammad111@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

218
Lead Induced Toxicity Modulated by Long Co-Exposure of
Zinc among the Occupationally Exposed Workers
Ab Latif Wani£, G. G. H. A. Shadab
Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-863

Abstract

Lead and Zinc are usually found at the same occupational places and occur as co-contaminants. Effects of
lead toxicity are detrimental on human health as it is probable carcinogen and impairs normal growth
and development. On other hand zinc is an important nutritional element, the deficiency of which cause
debilitating effects on growth and development. Zinc acts as core ion of reaction center in number of
enzymes and proteins. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible association of blood lead
and zinc levels and any influence of zinc over DNA damage, blood cell membrane aberration, and
oxidative stress among lead and zinc co-exposed workers. Workers (n=72) occupationally exposed to lead
and zinc and controls (n=32) provide blood samples. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for lead
and zinc measurement and comet assay for DNA damage assessment. Hematological aberrations were
studied using light and electron microscopy (LM and EM) followed by electron density X-ray spectroscopy
(EDS) and elemental mapping.

Keywords: Lead Toxicity, Zinc Co-Exposure, Occupational Health, Oxidative Stress, Zinc Nutrition.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7417413452.
E-mail Address: latifamu99@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

219
Macrophage Activation by Co-Stimulation Distinctly
Influences their Antigen Uptake and Phagocytic Potential
Manzoor Ahmad Mir£
Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-526

Abstract

Macrophages display diverse sets of receptors on their surface. Although, many of these receptors tie into
common signaling pathways, each has its own distinctive influence on the elicited intracellular responses.
Therefore, it is not surprising that synergy exists in the activation of macrophages between various
molecules expressed on its surface. Phagocytosis is a basic biological function of macrophages. Recently,
it has been published that CD86 knock out (CD86-/-) mice displayed a defect in antigen uptake and
diminished mannose receptor expression. Moreover, signaling through CD40 has also been shown to
restore the ability of mature DCs to acquire exogenous antigen. There exist multiple pathways in
stimulating macrophages to release Proinflammatory cytokines. Hence, we also thought whether CD80
and CD86 co-signaling molecules might be involved in influencing the antigen uptake by macrophages.
Moreover, engagement of these co-signaling molecules could not cast any impact on the viability of
macrophages hence it was safe to intrepidly conduct experiments in response to signals delivered through
these co-signaling molecules. Interestingly, signaling through CD86 and CD40 significantly enhanced the
uptake of both soluble (ovalbumin) as well as that of particulate (M. tuberculosis, M. microti, S.
typhimurium and E. coli) antigens by macrophages. Further, the fact that engagement of CD40 or B7-DC
or CD86 with Abs can induce similar effects, suggest overlap in the downstream signaling pathways.
Although anti-CD80 Ab treatment, activated the macrophages and enhanced the production of nitric
oxide and cytokines in contrast, it failed to regulate the antigen uptake by macrophages. Thereby it
signifies that only CD86 but not CD80 is involved in enhancing the antigen engulfment by macrophages.
It is likely that CD80 may be inducing different signals in terms of nitric oxide induction and antigen
uptake in macrophages. Moreover, downstream signaling pathways for nitric oxide (iNOS) induction and
antigen uptake (PKC-ε) are quite distinct. The recent recognition that engagement of CD40 can synergize
with other DC-activating signals to enhance cellular functions and mDCs restores the ability to acquire
exogenous antigen supports our observation.

Keywords: Macrophage, Antigens, Co-stimulation, Signaling, Phagocytosis, Pathogens, Uptake, Cytokines.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622901319.
E-mail Address: drmanzoor@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

220
Management of Insect Herbivores by Entomopathogens in
Walnut Ecosystem of Kashmir Himalaya
Tariq Ahmad£1, Dietrich Stephan2
1
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Julius Kuhn Institute, Federal Research Centre For Cultivated Plants, Institute For Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany.
JKSC-857

Abstract

Food security is one of the prime concerns of present times because of rising consumer demands, receding
agricultural land, climatic change and exponential human interference. Among various food plants,
Walnuts are included in FAO list of priority plants because of their nutritive value (Gandev, 2007).
Although walnuts are of economic importance, outbreaks of various insect pests hamper their production
(Khan et al., 2013). In Kashmir, its cultivation is directly connected to the economic prosperity of the
people living in remote areas. Keeping this in concern, wide-ranging experiments were carried out on
insect pests of Walnut orchards by the application of entomopathogenic fungi. First part of the work was
focused on collection and identification of walnut pests of Kashmir region for which extensive surveys
were carried out during 2015-16 in different walnut orchards of Kashmir valley. Of the different pests
collected, ten pests were identified by studying their morphology, biology, damaging potential and host
range. The insect species were identified by using existing available taxonomic keys besides some of the
specimens which could not be identified were sent to ZSI, Kolkata and IARI, New Delhi for further
confirmation. Some of the insect pests like Chromaphis juglandicola, Panaphis juglandis, Chaetoprocta
odata and Cydia pomonella etc. were reported to inflict major damage to leaves, inflorescence and fruits.
In the second step, soil samples were collected from different regions of walnut growing areas of Kashmir.
These soil samples were taken to Darmstadt, Germany wherein entomopathogenic fungi were isolated
from them by Galleria bait method. A total of seven fungal strains were isolated of which two were
identified as Beauveria basiana and Isaria fumurosa while the rest of the strains could not be
morphologically identified and therefore were subjected to molecular analysis and DNA sequencing and
their further analysis and identification is still underway. Production and formulation strategies were
carried out for two fungal species, B. bassiana and I. fumurosa. Different concentrations were prepared
and tested on fifth instar larvae of codling moth, Cydia pomonella. The results were encouraging, showing
effectiveness and potential of these entomopathogenic fungi for their use as biocontrol agents against
different walnut pests.

Keywords: Entomopathogens, Insect Herbivores, Walnuts, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596320319.
E-mail Address: drtariqento@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

221
Morphology, Habitat & Distribution of Ground Beetle (Leistus
sp.)
Dheeraj Sharma£
Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1549

Abstract

Leistus is a species of ground beetle native to Europe, Africa Belongs to Carabidae family of order
Coleoptera. They live in, bushes, forests, wood logs. Found very rarely in J&K. Mainly collected through
pit fall traps. Number of field trips were organised in Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary for its collection.
Various live specimens were collected and were pinned down in the insect collector box and
morphometric analysis was done. Not found in areas where there is lot of anthropogenic activity and
hence also acts as bioindicator of pollution.

Keywords: Carabidae Coleoptera,Anthropogenic, Bioindicator.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469553792.
E-mail Address: dheeraj24sharma5242@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

222
Myxozoan Parasites Infesting Cultured Fishes in Punjab
(India)
Anu Katoch£
Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
JKSC-1398

Abstract

During the present study, a total of 509 carps Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp),
Ctenopharngodon idellus (grass carp), Cyprinus carpio (common carp) and Cirrhinus mrigala (mrigal)
(Family- Cyprinidae) were collected from farms located three districts of Punjab and examined for the
presence of myxozoan parasites. Organs such as eyes, skin, gills, visceral organs, fins and scales were
examined for the presence of plasmodia of myxozoan parasites. The infestation was recorded in two
organs i.e. fins and scales in the form of minute creamish plasmodia were recorded. Species belonging to
three genera Myxobolus, Thelohanellus and Triangula were collected and identified. Infection rate was
31.2%. On the fins, the plasmodia were found developing on three main locations. The plasmodia of
myxozoan parasites are visible either with naked eye or under the stereozoom binocular microscope.
Species belonging to genera Myxobolus and Triangula developed plasmodia in the interlepidotrachial
region (IL) and plasmodia inside the lumen of finray (LF). Species belonging to the genus Thelohanellus
formed plasmodia on the surface of hemisegment (HS). One species belonging to the genus Myxobolus
was located within a cavity in the scales of the silver carp. Each plasmodium was teased on a glass slide
and myxospores were stained with Ziehl-Neelsen and iron Haematoxylin to study the morphology.

Keywords: Myxozoan, Aquaculture, Fins, Plasmodium, Myxosporea, Exotic carps.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9872519837.
E-mail Address: anuraajput@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

223
Neoechinorhyncus sp (Acanthocephala) from the Intestine of
Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) from River Tawi, Jammu
Shabina Shamim£, Fayaz Ahmed
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-926

Abstract

Jammu & Kashmir is bestowed with abundant natural water resources and the geographical & climatic
conditions provide a congenial habitat for the development of a number of fish species. Among all the fish
species, Mahaseer is having a great significance because of its size which grows up to 2.7 m. The present
study is a part of the parasitological work carried out on the fishes of Jammu and Kashmir. During the
present study, a new species of thorny headed worms (Acanthocephala) of genus Neoechinorhyncus has
been recovered from the intestines of Tor putitora (golden mahaseer) from River Tawi of Jammu region.
The species collected has characteristics typical of the genus and the description is based on scanning
electron microscopy, which is the first study of its nature for this parasite. The body does not have any
spines but has a series of folds. Proboscis of the parasite is short and cylindrical having three rows of
backwardly directed hooks or spines of different sizes with smooth surface and pointed tips. Spines
decrease in size and density from the anterior part of proboscis to posterior part and each row of spines
consists of six hooks. Although various species of this genus are found in Kashmir division, dearth of
species in Jammu division may be due to lack of studies in the region. The study shall prove helpful in
distinguishing it from other species of the genus and shall also contribute to increase the knowledge of
the diversity of Neoechinorhyncus in the water bodies of J&K.

Keywords: Fish, Mahaseer, Tor putitora, Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhyncus, Proboscis, River Tawi, J&K.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469079030.
E-mail Address: shabinashamim2@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

224
Nesting Biology of Black Crowned Night Heron in Hokersar
Wetland, Kashmir
Ishfaq Nazir Wani£, Mustahson Farooq Fazili, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Aadil Habib Mir,
Fayaz Ahmed
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-884

Abstract

Nesting biology of black crowned night heron, a resident bird in the wetlands and other water bodies of
the valley was observed in the breeding season of 2015 in Hokersar Wetland, Kashmir. Detailed
investigations on nesting sites, nesting materials, clutch size, egg dimensions, incubation period, hatching
success, fledging success and nesting success were carried out through direct observations in the field.
Nest site selection was initiated in April in willow plantations. Nests were bowl shaped made of dried
willow twigs. Average inner and outer diameter of nests was 17.25 and 15.04 cm respectively with average
depth of 7.31 cm (N= 15). Average clutch size of black crowned night heron was 3.85 ± 0.59 eggs per nest
and mean egg dimensions were 48.59 mm x 31.71mm (N=37). Average volume of the eggs was 27.80 ±1.92
cm3 and shape index of 65.57 ± 5.02. Both sexes incubated eggs and the mean incubation period was
23.18±1.12 days. Hatching was asynchronous. The hatching, nesting and fledging success were 67.56 %,
80.08 % and 76.92 % respectively and using Mayfield method it was calculated as 49.06%, 57.95% and
60.50% for Hatching, fledging and nesting success respectively.

Keywords: Clutch Size, Hokersar Incubation, Hatching, Fledging, Nests.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494024414.
E-mail Address: ishfaqnazir@ymail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

225
Notes on the Breeding Biology of Kashmir Agama Laudakia
Tuberculata Gray from Teetwal Kupwara J&K, India
Mehraj Bashir£1, Mustahson Farooq Fazili2, Fayaz Ahmad3
1
Govt. Degree College Kupwara, India.
2,3
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-524

Abstract

The observation on some breeding parameters of Laudakia tuberculata Gray were carried out in a small
pocket of North West Himalaya namely Teetwal in District Kupwara of Jammu and Kashmir from April
to September 2015. The site was selected because of frequent sighting of lizard. The breeding season starts
in April and lasts till August. The males were territoria. The lizard was found to be polygamous. The eggs
were laid at a single time and nests were plugged with soil. Incubation period observed was 39.10(± 3.07SD)
days. The hatchlings were seen in August and early September. The emergence of hatchlings from 20 nests
indicates that clutch size could be around five to seven. The hatchlings were very small and lean and
measures 7.60(+-1.06 SD) cm in length. The average body length of adult males is about 28(+-2.22SD) cm
and in case of female 21.65(+-1.34SD) cm. Results obtained in the present study are promising and indicate
that the breeding season coincided with the increasing temperature and availability of more food required
by the hatchlings.

Keywords: Laudakia Tuberculata, Breeding, Agama.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596337640.
E-mail Address: mehraj.zoo.wl@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

226
Novel Method of Sampling Secondary Hair Follicles for
Studying Fiber Transcriptome of Local Cashmere Goat
Aadil Ayaz£1, Nazir Ahmad Ganai2, N.Singh3, Zaffar Iqbal Bhat4, Basharat Bhat5
1,3
Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, India.
2,4,5
Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding FVSC and AH Skuast-K, Aulestang, India.
JKSC-619

Abstract
Different methods and models have been used to study hair cycle. These range from cultures of a single cell type, such
as those of the regulatory, mesenchyme-derived dermal papilla, through organ culture of isolated follicles to natural
or genetically manipulated animal models. Each system has advantages and disadvantages for studying particular
aspects of follicular function. Animal models include lab animals like guinea pig and other domestic animals like
sheep and cashmere goat. Cashmere goat represents a good model for its secondary follicles having a rhythmic annual
cycle. A major challenge in transcriptome studies is defining the sample for the study. Most of the transcriptomic
studies on hair cycle take skin biopsy. This has serious limitations. First, skin is one of the most dynamic organs of
the body equipped not only with hair follicles but with a myriad of diverse structures and functions ranging from
sensory reception through immune system components to such complex functions as social communication. The
transcriptome of skin at any time point is thus very complex to analyze. Thus dissecting the expression dynamics of
hair cycle from skin is analogous to looking for a needle in a haystack. Also there are two types of follicles in the skin
and consequently two cycles. Therefore, we must sample only secondary hair follicles for expression studies because
of their synchronous circannual nature. This however is not very easy, at least with current technology. Sampling
secondary follicles is ideal but technically very challenging. Unlike primary follicles secondary follicles of the cashmere
goat could not be plucked individually for the hair is too fine ~13µ to withstand the pulling force. Thus there is a
need to standardize the procedure of sampling secondary hair follicle. In the current study, the flank area of local
cashmere goat was thoroughly cleaned with liquid detergent and dried for hours. All the guard hairs along with
primary follicles were plucked out from the area so as to avoid any possible contamination. A group of nearly 50
secondary hair fibers were twisted by fingers and plucked with a strong jerk. A watchmaker glass was used to validate
the intact follicles and guide in cutting the follicles in collection tubes containing RNA stabilizing Solution. Three
such plucks yielded sufficient RNA for transcriptomic studies. The methodology is novel as per the literature cited.
The protocol has three advantages. First, it offers a very simple isolation of the secondary hair follicle for any study
especially expression studies. RNA isolated belongs to only secondary hair follicle and has no contamination of
primary follicles or other components of skin. Second, it is least invasive and most convenient sampling of hair
follicles. Animal suffering involved in restraint, casting and skin excision, bleeding and suturing isn’t involved. Also
the protocol usually needs no follow up of the sampled animals. Third, it is least expensive and does not involve any
sophisticated instruments or require much technical hand.

Keywords: Cashmere, Hair cycle, Secondary follicle, Transcriptome.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797142036.
E-mail Address: aadil_molecular@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

227
Partial Characterization of Exon-VIII of BMPR-1B Gene and
Effect of Mutation on Litter Size of Sheep in Kashmir Valley
Shakil Bhat£1, Sheikh Amir Abdullah2, Hakim Mudasir Maqsood3, Zaffar Iqbal4, Abrar
Ahad Malik5
Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, India.
1,3,5
2,4
Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding FVSC and AH, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-672

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to perform Characterization of exon-VIII of BMPR 1B Gene and its
effects on litter size in local sheep population of Kashmir valley. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction
Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand
Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) techniques were used in this study. Two genotypes (B+ and ++)
of two designated alleles (B and +) were identified with single SNP in exon-8 by AvaII restriction enzyme
digestion and SSCP technique. Sequence analysis of different variants revealed mutation present in some
of the animals studied. The study was carried out in two groups of animals, one in which FecB gene was
introgressed and the other group was wild with no twining or some twining performance. Mutation in
designated allele B was observed to be specific to the Kashmir valley sheep introgressed with FecB gene
and was not observed Kashmir valley sheep without history of introgression of Fec B gene in them. The
effect of polymorphism of exon-8 was significant.

Keywords: BMPR-1B Gene, PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSCP, Gene Introgression, Polymorphism.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298345557.
E-mail Address: reachshakeil99@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

228
Pathogenicity Trails for Control of Spodoptera Litura Using
Heterorhabditid Nematode (Rhabditoid: Heterorhabditidae) in
Laboratory Conditions
Suman Bhargava£ Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Aasha, Ashok kumar Chaubey
Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India.
JKSC-1176

Abstract

Heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes are used worldwide for control of insect pests due to their
some attributes being environmental friendly, pathogenic to target hosts only and give good results in
short duration. During the present study, two isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes labelled as CH4
and CH5 of genus Heterorhabditis were isolated from the soils of agriculture fields of Saharanpur region
by insect baiting technique. They were identified based on morpho-taxometrical and molecular tools as
Heterorhabditis indica. These strains were tested for their efficacy against the Spodoptera litura which is
one of the harmful pests infecting the agriculture fields throughout the country. Four different
concentrations of these strains viz. 25, 50, 100 and 200 IJs/Larva were used for bioassay experimentation
and insect mortality was checked after 12 hours of infection. Both the strains showed good pathogenicity
against the targeted pest. The strain CH4 caused complete mortality at 60 hours after infection while
strains CH5 was more effective and caused complete mortality only after 48 hours post infection period.
LD50 also confirmed high pathogenic nature of strain CH5 when compared with strain CH4. The biotic
potential was also carried out and the mean IJ production in case of strain CH4 was 54200/larva, while in
strain CH5, the mean IJ production was 98440/larva. Heterorhabditis indica is indigenous strain to Indian
subcontinent, efforts need to be taken to use it as bio-pesticide, but trails on other harmful pests
hampering agricultural productivity need as well as in green houses and field conditions need to be
evaluated before using them for controlling insect pests.

Keywords: Heterorhabditid, Steinernematid, Bioassay, Spodoptera.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7669190368.
E-mail Address: suman.sonu010@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

229
Percent Occurrence of Prey in the Diet of Common Leopard
(Panthera pardus) at Dachigam National Park
Kulsum Ahmad Bhat£1, Naziya Khurshid1, Muniza Manzoor1, Sheema Zaffar2, Asma
Zafar2, Shabeena Farooq2, Ghulam Mustafa Shah1, Ulfat Jan1
1
Department of Zoology,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Enviromental Science,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1234

Abstract

Leopard is considered as one of the largest obligate terrestrial carnivore which preys on a large range of
species. This richness of leopard prey is mainly because of its highly flexible hunting and feeding behavior.
The feeding habits of the common leopard were investigated and this study was carried out to gather
information about the diet of Leopard in order to conclude the potential impact on the prey population
mainly the Hangul deer, the flagship species of the park. Field surveys were carried out from September
2014 to March 2016, covering all the seasons. A total of 250 Scats were collected. Overall diet composition
of leopard across all seasons in Dachigam National Park included ten food items. Langur (Symnapithicus
ejacus) contributed maximum to the diet of leopard with a very high percent occurrence of 44.56%
followed by the dog and rodents with percent occurrence of 21.04% and 8.46% respectively. Hangul and
sheep constituted 6.93% and 6.43% respectively. The other prey items found in leopard diet were cattle
and musk deer with a percent occurrence of 3.46% and 3.21% respectively. Birds and Serow contributed
least to the diet of leopard with a percentage occurrence of 1.48% and 0.49% respectively.

Keywords: Flagship, Hangul, Percent Frequency, Prey Items.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491859463.
E-mail Address: kulsumbhat11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

230
Postprandial Changes in Rumen Microflora and Fermentation
Pattern in Sheep Fed Paddy Straw Based Complete Feed
Supplemented with Probiotics Mix
Gowher Gull Sheikh£, A.M. Ganai, G. G. Sheikh, H.A. Ahmad, Yasir Afzal
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences
and Technology of Kashmir Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1276

Abstract

A study was undertaken to evaluate effect of feeding probiotics mix (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2×
1010cfu/g + Lactobacillus acidophilus 6×109cfu/g) in equal ratio in paddy straw based complete feed @
3 % of DM, as per the in vitro studies carried to arrive at optimum level of incorporation on rumen
microbial count by q-PCR, while complete feed without probiotics served as control rumen microbial
count. The mean values of total bacterial, fibrolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus
albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes), fungi and protozoa count showed significantly.

Keywords: Corriedale Lambs, Postprandial Changes, Probiotics Mix, Rumen Microbes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906160813.
E-mail Address: gull2217@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

231
Predicting Climate Change Impact on Parasitism in Domestic
Animals of Kashmir Valley
Khurshid Ahmad Tariq£1, Mohammad Lateef2
1
Department of Zoology, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Sonwar Campus, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-216

Abstract

The present paper reviews the effects and implications of climate change on parasitic diseases in domestic
animals of Kashmir valley. Animals are parasitized by various species of parasites including bacteria, fungi,
protozoa, helminthes, etc. and constraint their welfare and productivity. The occurrence of these
infections is mostly related to the climatic variables notably temperature, precipitation, humidity, surface
water availability and wind, because most of them pass their intermediate stages in the environment.
Climate change is a greatest threat to animal health and parasitic diseases are listed among the important
infectious diseases impacted by climate change. Evidence has been gathered indicating that the effects of
climate change on parasites are more potent in temperate, colder northern latitudes and high-altitude
areas, where modifications of climate variables appear to be more pronounced. Climate change may
increase the risk of introduction and establishment of new parasitic infections in domestic animals
through trade in livestock. Besides, the animals will witness tough times ahead in terms of food scarcity
and shelter due to draught or wet conditions because of altered climatic conditions. Although many a
research work has been conducted on parasites in Kashmir valley, however, no studies have been
conducted on the climate change impact on parasites. Therefore, studies need to be carried out to
understand the relationship between climate change and parasitic diseases in this important agro-climatic
zone of the world.

Keywords: Climate Change, Domestic Animals, Predictions, Parasitic Diseases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419531485.
E-mail Address: drkatariq@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

232
Rapid Eutrophication of Anchar Lake as Revealed by
Zooplankton Bioindicators
Rifat Farooq£1, Rajendra Chauhan2, Mohammad Farooq Mir3
1,3
Hydrobiology Research Laboratory, S.P. College, The Constituent College of the Cluster University Srinagar, India.
2
Dept.of Zoology Govt. MVM Bhopal, M.P, India.
JKSC-835

Abstract

Zooplankton are considered as highly reliable indicators of water quality. We investigated zooplankton
composition of Anchar lake situated at the outskirts of the Srinagar city, summer capital of the Indian
state of Jammu and Kashmir. The water quality of the lake is very poor as effluents from the city’s most
advanced hospitals (SKIMS) find free entry into the lake. To add salt to the wounds, agricultural runoff
from catchment area also enriches the lake with nutrients leading to speedy eutrophication of the lake.
The current study was designed to investigate the zooplankton composition of the lake. The study was
carried out on monthly basis for a period of one year, from March 2016 to February 2017. During the
present investigation a total of 22 species belonging to four classes were recorded, in which class Rotifera
was found the most dominant with a population density of 1533 ind/l followed by Cladocera (1251 ind/l),
Copepoda (969 ind/l) and Ostracoda (143 ind/l). Of all the 22-species recorded site A1 was found to be
least diverse with only 15 of the 22-species present. Site A2 had 19 species out of the 22 species while as
site A3 was found to have 18 of the 22-recorded species. Shanon Weiner index values recorded for Sites A1,
A2 and A3 were 3.73, 3.89 and 3.93 respectively. As is evident that 7 species were not found from A1, 3 were
absent from A2, and 4 were absent from A3 despite having high tolerance. The results indicate that water
quality of the lake is dropping very fast and authorities need to devise methods to restore the condition
of the lake.

Keywords: Zooplankton, Eutrophication, Bioindicators, Anchar Lake, Pollution.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797936782.
E-mail Address: rifatfarooq1989@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

233
Risk Factors and Socio-Economic Status of Pancreatic Cancer
in Ethnic Population of Kashmir
Gousia Jeelani £1, Bashir Ah. Ganai2, Sadaf Ali3, Zubaida Rasool4, Rubiya Dar5
Sabeehah Rehman6
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
1,2,5,6
3,4
Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-365

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death but has the poorest prognosis of any major tumor
type. The etiology of pancreatic cancer is diverse and complex. Cancer of the pancreas usually develops
without early symptoms. However, the symptoms may include weight loss, mild abdominal discomfort
that may radiate to the back, fatty tissue changes, swollen gallbladder and occasionally the development
of diabetes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing in most industrialized countries. Socio-
economic status (SES) like family income, education level and socio-economic class has been considered
an important factor in pancreatic cancer development. Associations between pancreatic cancer and
socioeconomic status have been observed in studies across the world. There is consistent evidence of a
significant association between SES and pancreatic cancer. Overall survival for pancreatic cancer is poor,
particularly in setting of advanced or unresectable disease and only 10% to 20% of pancreatic cancer
patients have potentially resectable tumors. The main cause of pancreatic cancer appears to be
combinations of genetic, environmental, dietary and lifestyle factors (which include a family history of
pancreatic cancer and a personal history of chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, obesity and possibly high levels
of alcohol consumption). Approximately 20% of pancreatic cancers are attributable to cigarette smoking;
incidence rates are about twice as high for smokers as for nonsmokers. Use of smokeless tobacco products
also increases risk. The number of pancreatic cancer patients is alarmingly increasing in Kashmir Valley
as the doctors attribute the cause of disease to smoking and spicy food. In 2008, doctors at Regional Centre
for Cancer of SKIMS, Soura treated 2,465 pancreatic cancer patients while as the number reached to 2,577
in the year 2010. In our study, food habits, salted tea, smoking and lack of physical exercise were found to
be the major cause of pancreatic cancer. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently
known therefore, there are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary
prevention is of utmost importance. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and identifying the
risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of the disease.

Keywords: Socio-economic, Prognosis, Cancer, Diabetes, Risk factor, Disease.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797792924.
E-mail Address: gilanigousia@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

234
Status and Distribution of Himalayan Goral (Nemorhaedus
goral): A Review
Jahangir Ahmad Dar£, Mustahson Farooq Fazili, Bilal Ahmad Bhat
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1329

Abstract

World over the genus Naemorhedus is represented by four species viz. Red goral (Naemorhedus baileyi),
Long-tailed goral (N. caudatus), Chinese goral (N. griseus) and Himalayan goral (N. goral). The Himalayan
goral has two subspecies i.e. Naemorhedus goral goral (Brown goral) and Naemorhedus goral bedfordi
(Grey goral). The IUCN has listed all goral species as threatened and are included in the Appendix I of
CITES. Himalayan goral a small antelope-like, cliff-dwelling mountain ungulate, sexually monomorphic
has short and sharp black horns with inconspicuous annulations or ridges. Endemic to Asia, the
distribution ranges along the southern foothills of Himalayas in India, Pakistan and Nepal, through
Sikkim, Bhutan, northernmost Burma and Thailand. The subspecies N. goral bedfordi and N. g. goral are
apparently separated by Nepal, with the former occurring in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and
Uttaranchal, and the latter in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Various threats to the survival of goral
throughout its distribution range are habitat destruction, excessive hunting and competition with
domestic cattle for land and food sources as well as weather events such as heavy snowfall.

Keywords: Goral, Himalayan Mountains, Threats, Habitat Destruction, Competition.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906174185.
E-mail Address: jahangirwildlife10@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

235
Status and Distribution of House Sparrow: A Review
Umer Hameed Shansaz£, Mustahson F. Fazili, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Hameem Mushtaq
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-859

Abstract

World over, house sparrow belonging to the genus Passer comprises of 25 species, with Passer domesticus
domesticus as the nominate species across Europe to northern Asia. An estimation of the British trust of
Ornithology has shown a decline of 71% of sparrow population between 1994 and 2004 in London alone.
Similar cases of decline have been reported from other areas of globe viz. Hamburg, Berlin, Glasgow,
Edinburg and Dublin. Although the house sparrow has an extremely large range and population, and also
assessed least concern by IUCN, but in India its population decline has also been reported and the decline
is attributed to loss of nesting sites, food sources, predation and pollution. In the valley of Kashmir, the
decline in the population of the sub species of house sparrow Passer domesticus parkini in the urban areas
is hinting towards the shifting of this vital population to rural areas due to habitat loss by concretization
and also due to irradiation from mobile towers.

Keywords: House Sparrow, Status, Habitat Loss, Irradiation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596361000.
E-mail Address: humer.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

236
Status of Vultures in India: A Review
Hameem Mushtaq Wani£, Mustahson F. Fazili, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Umer Hameed
Shansaz
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-873

Abstract

Nine species of Vultures have been reported from India. Among them four are critically endangered, one
endangered, three near threatened and one is least concern. They feed on carcasses of different sizes and
hence prevent the spread of disease to other animals and humans. The nest site selection and breeding
success of vultures depend on various factors like human interaction and interaction with other animals.
In India the population of Vultures declined drastically since 1990s. Usage of diclofenac to treat farm
animals was attributed to this decline. The other threats to Vultures include- habitat loss, infectious
diseases, environmental contaminants, low food availability and human interference. Diclofenac free
carcass can be provided by implementing ban on diclofenac, maintaining captive breeding centers and
minimizing disturbance to Vultures are some of the suggested measures for vulture conservation.

Keywords: Vulture, Critically Endangered, Habitat Loss, Diclofenac, Captive Breeding.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9055330991.
E-mail Address: hameem.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

237
Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters to Determine the
Pollution Status of a Warm Monomictic Lake of Kashmir, J&K,
India
Mohd Yaseen Gudoo£1, Anuja Gupta2, Mohammad Farooq Mir3
1,3
Hydrobiology Research Laboratory S.P College Srinagar, India.
2
MVM Bhopal M. P., India.
JKSC-1029

Abstract

An attempt was made to study some of the ecologically important physico-chemical parameters of water
samples collected at three different stations of a warm monomictic lake (Manasbal lake) of Kashmir valley
to determine the pollution status of lake and the anthropogenic pressure on the lake. Water samples were
examined for a period of six months from July 2016 to December 2016 on monthly basis by following
standard methods. During the study period, it was found that among the examined physico-chemical
parameters, Sacchi - disc transparency ranged from 1.3m to 4.2m, the Air temperature ranged from 6.70c
to 29.50c, Surface water temperature ranged from 5.50c to 25.70c, Dissolved oxygen ranged from 2.3 to 8.6
mgL-1, Free CO2 ranged from 1.9 to 14.2 mgL-1, Conductivity ranged from 153.0 to 295.0µs cm-1, PH
ranged from 8.4 to 9.6, Total Alkalinity ranged from 130 to 240 mgL-1, Total hardness ranged from 114 to
224 µg L-1, Chloride values ranged from 6.9 to 35.6 mgL-1, Total phosphorous ranged from 91.0 to 249.0
µg L-1, Ammonical Nitrogen ranged from 32.0 to 141.0 µg L-1, Nitrate -Nitrogen ranged from 33.0 to
291.0 µg L-1,Total Dissolved Solids ranged from 308 mg/L to 93 mg/L, BOD values ranged from 42.5 to
9.3 mg/L and values for Iron ranged from 0.19 to 0.11mg/L. The analysis of all the fundamental and
ecologically important physico-chemical parameters reveal that the studied lake is victim of pollution and
is in eutrophic stage especially at site-2 due to various undesirable anthropogenic activities.

Keywords: Physico-Chemical Parameters, Manasbal Lake, Eutrophication, Anthropogenic Activities.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006592005.
E-mail Address: mohdyaseen372@gmal.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

238
Taenia saginata: An Important Food Borne Zoonotic Infection
in Kashmir
Mohammad Lateef£1, Khurshid Ahmad Tariq2
1
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Sonwar Campus, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Zoology, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-652

Abstract

Taenia saginata is distributed throughout the cattle raising regions of the world and approximately 45-60
million people are infected. The infection of Taenia saginata also called as Saginatus taeniasis is acquired
by ingesting Cysticercus bovis present in under cooked or raw beef. Saginatus taeniasis is characterized
by abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, greatly diminished appetite, and weight loss. This study evaluates
the epidemiology of T. saginata infection in human population and to explore the various associated risk
factors for the transmission of this important food borne zoonotic disease in Kashmir. A door to door
survey of rural and semi-urban population was carried out and a total of 12,404 human samples were
covered under this study. The diagnosis of the parasite was made through stool analysis (Stoll’s
method) and anatomical characteristics of gravid proglottids recovered from infected cases. The
prevalence of the Taenia saginata infection was 2.74%. As per WHO criteria, this prevalence in Kashmir
can be placed under moderate scale. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between the
rural and semi-urban populations. Males were more infected (3.40 %) than females (2.05%). Age had no
significant influence on the prevalence of its infection. The consumption of beef in various preparations
like Kabab (chopped beef roasted on iron rod), Gushtaba, Rista (grinded and kneaded beef balls),
Seekhtujh (beef steaks) and selling of beef without proper inspection promotes the transmission of this
infection in the study area. Preventing cattle raising in human fecal contaminated areas, cooking beef at
or above 60°C or freezing the meat at or below -5 °C for a few days, proper inspection of food at selling
places are some of the measures recommended to prevent the spread of its infection.

Keywords: Beef, Epidemiology, Zoonotic, Kashmir, Taenia Saginata.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858740399.
E-mail Address: lateefkhaliq@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

239
Targeting of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) for
Immunotherapy of Cancer
Umar Mehraj Sheikh£, Manzoor Ahmad Mir
Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-392

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide causing 9 million
deaths annually. The transformation of normal cells to cancer cells may arise due to dysregulation of
oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and/or stability genes. These transformed cells are sensed by the cells of
the immune system, especially T cells and macrophages, through specific receptors for an effective
immune response. But unfortunately, even after the interaction with T cells and macrophages an effective
immune response is not generated. The success of novel cancer therapies depends on the identification
of functional targets that play an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis, survival and evasion from
immunosurveillance. Polarization of macrophages seem to be one of the effective strategies to target
various types of cancers. Macrophages are the large phagocytic cells of the immune system, present in
almost all the tissues of the body. In response to the microenvironment signals macrophages get polarize
into two subtypes M1 and M2. Classical actvated M1 are proinflammatory and show antitumor functions
while the alternatively activated M2 or TAMs are anti-inflammatory and protumor. Surgery,
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the prominent strategies employed worldwide for treatment of
cancer but many side effects and hazards are associated with them. The radiation elicits high recruitment
of TAMs at the tumor site leading to tumor recurrence and regrowth. Chemotherapy induces weight loss
and sensitivity to infections in cancer patients. The TAMs are involved in angiogenesis, invasion,
epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immuno-suppression. Macrophages being plastic cells, can be
reprogrammed by immunotherapeutic strategies to M1 phenotype or depleting the TAM cells will
decrease cancer progression and metastasis. A number of immunotherapy programs are being focused to
target TAMs like inhibition of monocyte recruitment into tumor, blocking the M2 phenotype,
reprogramming of Tams to M1 phenotype. CCL2 a chemokine produced by tumor cells, causes the
macrophage recruitment at the tumor site. Blocking the CCL2/C-C receptor will cause immobilization of
monocytes which will cause tumor regression. TAM targeted cancer therapy is less hazardous than chemo
and radiotherapies, so more focus needs to this area of research to combat cancers. In this paper, we
present the different immunotherapeutic strategies to be employed to target the tumor associated
macrophages for the cancer treatment.

Keywords: Cancer, Metastasis, Chemotherapy, Macrophage Polarization, Radiotherapy, Immunosurveillance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006656284.
E-mail Address: umarshk92@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

240
Toxicity of Zinc Sulphate on Biochemical Parameters of
Intestine and Gill of Freshwater Fish, Heteropneustes Fossilis
(Bloch)
Sualiha Tabassum£1, Alka Tiwari2, Mohammad Farooq Mir3
1,3
Hydrobiology Research Laboratory S.P College Srinagar, India.
2
MVM Bhopal M.P., India.
JKSC-952

Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxic effects of Zinc as Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) on
intestine and gill metabolites-protein and glucose of a freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).
Fish (60gm and 13cm) were exposed to 0.0 (control) and 100mg ZnSO4/l on every 4th day for a period of
30 days. The intestine and gill of fish were dissected out and analysed for biochemical examination. The
results showed that a significant (P < 0.01) decline of protein and glucose contents were noticed in
intestine and gill of Zinc treated fish when compared to their controls. The present study revealed that
100mg/l concentration of Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) is toxic to Heteropneustes fossilis and may cause severe
changes in the metabolites of the fish.

Keywords: Heteropneustes Fossilis, Zinc Toxicity, Biochemical Parameters, Intestine, Gill.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825026782.
E-mail Address: adeena4545@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

241
Toxicological Studies and Evaluation of Nematicidal Potential
of Select Medicinal Plants of Kashmir
Sadaf Hafiz£1, Syed Tanveer2, G.N. Bader3
1,2
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-965

Abstract

Compared to a number of other livestock species, fewer social and religious taboos are related to
production, marketing and consumption of poultry products. For these reasons poultry products have
become one of the most important protein sources for man throughout the world. Among the total of
45.73 crore population poultry in India, 53.25 lakhs are reared as backyard poultry in Jammu and Kashmir
alone. Like other parts of world, chickens are reared as the main backyard poultry birds in Kashmir valley.
Poultry reared under this system face high mortality due to cross diseases infection transmission,
predators, poor management and nutrition. Among all factors parasites play an important role in both in
disease induction and economic losses. Although nematicidal drugs assure relatively reliable and cheap
control, their use is not good for public health. Moreover, the hazardous impact on the environment of
their excreta, which are subsequently used as fertilizers. The drugs are also absorbed into the poultry
meat, having negative impact on this product. Development of efficacious methods, alternative to
continuous medication with nematicidal drugs, is a challenge for future research work. The valley of
Kashmir, also called the bio-mass state of India, where several plants have been claimed traditionally to
have medicinal value for the treatment of various ailments in both man and animals. Over dosage due to
the absence of standard dosage system in herbal medicine is a big problem. It is not necessary that the
herbal medicine would have only therapeutic effects; they may cause some toxicity in the host organism
as well. This study is not only important from clinical point of view but also from academic and economic
point.

Keywords: Poultry, Nematicidal, Therapeutic.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622409667.
E-mail Address: sana.hafiz89@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

242
Transrectal Ultrasonography of Bovine and Bubaline Female
Reproductive Tract
Mehrajuddin Naikoo£1, A.J Dhami2, D.M. Patel3, K.A. Sofi4, F.A. Lone5
Division of Animal, Reproduction, Gynaecology And Obstetrics, Fvsc & Ah. Skuast-Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
1,2,5

3
TVCSC, AAU, Anand, Gujarat, India.
4
VCC, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India.
JKSC-974

Abstract

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic technique that involves directing high frequency sound waves at tissues
in the body to generate images of anatomical structures. In bovine and bubaline practice, it has become
an important diagnostic tool for evaluating the female reproductive system. Ultrasonography of the
bubaline and bovine uterus and ovaries can help in definitive diagnosis of various physiological and or
pathological conditions. Early pregnancy detection in buffaloes may be accomplished on or after day 26
post-breeding through ultrasound scanning with accuracy over 92%. Colour Doppler imaging provides
real-time blood flow visualization, ranging from high velocity flow in large vessels to minimal flow through
terminal vessels. Shirasuna et al. (2004) reported an increase in blood flow surrounding the Corpus luteum
(CL) observed at day 17. At day 21, blood flow was decreased in association with luteal regression. The
prevalence of foetal mummification reported at VCSC, FVSc & AH observed from January 2015 to
November 2017 confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography was 0.54 % (4/740 animals) in dairy cows. In
conclusion, transrectal ultrasonography is very helpful in diagnosis and treatment of various patho-
physiological conditions in animal reproduction.

Keywords: Transrectal, Ultrasonography, Bovine, Bubaline, Reproductive, Tract.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419769687.
E-mail Address: drmehraj@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

243
Women Empowerment and the Aspect of Capacity Building
Sanober Rasool£1, S. A. Hamdani1, Abdul Hai1, A. H. Akhand1, Aaliya Fayaz Bhat2,
Sheikh Shubeena2
1
Division of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Srinagar, India.
2
Division of Livestock Production and Management, India.
JKSC-1567

Abstract

India is mainly an agrarian country and livestock sector forms an integral component of it. Livestock is
usually considered an important key asset for rural livelihoods. It provides livelihood to the two third of
the rural community and is the better pathway for promoting gender balance in rural areas. In rural sector
56 percent of the males and 33 percent of the females are in the labor force, about 66 percent of the female
population in the rural sector is idle and does not do any work. One of the lightning pathway to enable
women to get indulge in the various activities is the Entrepreneurship development. It will not only enable
them to fetch better jobs and make them self-sustained but also will help them in capacity building and
empowerment. In the present context of rapidly changing world, in the era of modernization, where
societal transformations are called for there is no other potential tool other than ICT for empowering the
most deprived sections i.e. the women. ICT has offered the various opportunities to improve the status of
women and their families in developing countries. Women are seen using the new technologies to
improve their businesses, create new business or find new employment opportunities but a majority of
them are still excluded from the digital economy. A key strategy for women empowerment especially in
the marginal and poor communities is to give women access to new technologies in appropriate way that
will help them in their day to day work. Unless the technology is made locally accessible, relevant context
is made available and women are trained to access the information they can be hit severely by digital
divide. The need of the hour is to put forward a range of actions which has to be undertaken by women
and gender mainstreaming in the government range of policies in order to abate the gender digital divide
and thus increase national capacity along with greater economic development and growth.

Keywords: Empowerment, Women, Gender Digital Divide, ICT.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796122277.
E-mail Address: drsnoberrasool@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

244
Identification and Preservation of Phylum Arthopoda of Class
Insecta of Order Coleoptera from Different Areas of Srinagar
of Kashmir Valley
Toyeeba Hassan Mir£1, Tariq Ahmad Shosha2, Nayr Azim3
1
CORD, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Depaertment of Zoology Kashmir University, Srinagar, India.
3
Central University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1158

Abstract

There is a vast variety of insect fauna in the state of Jammu and Kashmir which lies on the Northern part
of the country. An extensive survey of predatory beetles and weevils (Coleoptera) was conducted in the
Srinagar District of Kashmir over a period of 4 months. Coleoptera (beetles and weevils) is the largest
order in the class Insecta. Different methods as suggested by various workers time to time were used for
their collection, preservation and identification like hand picking, net sweeping, brushing and light
trapping. The collected insects were brought to the laboratory and transferred into killing bottles
containing ethyl acetate-soaked cotton. The dead insects were tagged and pinned promptly and oven
dried at 60 0C for 72 hours in order to preserve them. These dried samples were set into wooden boxes
and labeled according to their systematic position. Each specimen was tagged with the information like
host plant, locality and date of collection. To protect the specimens from the insect pests, naphthalene
balls were kept in the collection boxes. During surveys Coleopteran insects collected belonged to the
families: Dermestidae (Carpet/Khapra beetles), Buprestidae (Wood borers), Bostrychidae
(Grain/Furniture/ Bamboo borers), Tenebrionidae (Flour/ground beetles, Meal worms), Cerambycidae
(Long horned wood boring beetles), Bruchidae (Seed beetles), Chrysomellidae (Potato/ Cucumber/Flea
beetles) and Curculionidae (Weevils), respectively. The results of the current study show their economic
importance including various biological aspects which need to be comprehensively studied. Numerous
species of Coccinellids were major biological agents of pests such as aphids, mealybugs, scale insects,
thrips and mites, some are specific in their food choice, while many are polyphagous. Carabids have been
extensively used to assess the impact of soil management on ground-dwelling arthropods in many crops
because of their significance as bio indicators and their role as agents of biological control of agriculture
pests. Some of the identified beetles were reported to be the major pests of agricultural plants and stored
products. Some scavenging and wood boring beetles were also obtained, which are useful as decomposers
and recyclers of organic nutrients. In future, these results can be helpful for the study of effects of beetles
on agroecosystem in general and on diversity of insects in particular.

Keywords: Coleoptera, Polyphagous, Decomposers, Collection, Methods, Diversity, Kashmir Valley.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906818845.
E-mail Address: tayibahassan011@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

245
Mass Production of Entomopathogenic Nematodes by in Vivo
Technique: A Brief Review
Sumaya Mehraj£1, Hidyatullah Tak1, Tarique Hassan Askary2
1
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Division of Entomology SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1655

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are the group of nematodes that parasitise insects. EPNs belonging
to genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are considered a promising and potential biocontrol agent for
the management of crop insect pests. Having a broad host range, they kill their host within 24-48 hours,
are highly host specific with short life cycle and easy to mass produce by in vivo techniques. In vivo
technique being cost effective and labour intensive is best suited for the experimentation and small-scale
production of nematodes which involves production of EPNs by multiplying them on the susceptible host.
White trap method wherein the insect cadavers are kept on filter paper placed on inverted watch glass in
a petri-dish containing a little water is used. The filter paper remains in touch with the water reservoir
thus offers a moist surrounding for the EPN emerging from the cadaver. New progeny of infective juveniles
that emerge from the cadaver migrates to the surrounding water where they are trapped and subsequently
harvested. EPNs produced by in vivo are highly virulent and infective. Galleria mellonella and Corcyra
cephalonica which are generally used for in vivo production of EPNs are the two most susceptible insect
hosts. Yield of infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae obtained from the last instar of G. mellonella has
been recorded 2.0 lakh while in case of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora it was 3.5 lakh. However, average
production of infective juveniles ranged between 35-45 thousand. In case of Cephalonica, the yield of
infective juveniles varies between 0.5-2.0 lakh for both Steinernema and Heterorhabditis species.

Keywords: Mass production, Entomopathogenis, Nematodes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796912053.
E-mail Address: sumayamehraj@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

246
Seroprevalence of Hydatidosis in South Kashmir
Abas Andrabi£, Hidyatullah Tak
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1649

Abstract

Hydatidosis is zoonotic disease that causes economic losses and public health problems throughout the
globe. Present study was undertaken to estimate the sero prevalence of hydatidosis in humans in South
Kashmir and determine the risk factors associated with this disease. 364 serum samples (200 males and
164 females) were collected from selected subjects from 16 villages of four districts along with sampling; a
questionnaire was filled out for each subject using systematic random sampling from April to October
2017. Samples were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G.
out of 364 samples, 17(4.67%) samples were found positive. Results implied that the prevalence of
Hydatidosis in South Kashmir had significant relationship with Age group, gender, and contact with dogs,
education and rural residence. The results were statistically significant (P<0.05). Seropositivity for hydatid
disease was significantly higher among female, housewife, and illiterate persons.

Keywords: Seroprevalance, ELISA, Hydatidosis, Immunoglobulin G.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622930643.
E-mail Address: abbas.andrabi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

247
Biological Investigations on Alcidodes porrectirostris
(Marshal), A Major Insect Pest on Walnut Trees, juglans
regia L.) In Kashmir
Sajad Ahmad Khan£
Department of Zoology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India.
1615

Abstract

Among vast array of insect pests damaging the walnut trees, a serious and destructive coleopteran insect
pest has been reported for the first time Alcidodes porrectirostris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The insect
pest has been recorded only from the walnut orchards of Karnah district Kupwara and has not been
reported from rest of districts in study area. The pest of 1st generation starts appearing in the month of
April and remains available up to the month of May and pest of 2nd generation starts appearing in the
month of September and remain available up to the month of October. The attack is more often so serious
that no tree produced any normal fruit. The adult weevils were found to feed on leaf buds, petioles of
leaves, female floral buds and male fruit. The larva bores inside the fruit and reduced its kernels into rotten
powdered black mass. The infested walnut fruits drop before their maturity. The larva damages the inner
side of walnut till its shell hardens. The adults of 2nd generation after their emergence from infested
walnuts were observed causing notching type of damge in the rind of the normal fruit. It has been recorded
that walnut usually harboures the single larva which is enough to completely damage the walnut fruit
however, Mir and Wani (2007) have reported that the single infested walnut fruit harbors 3-4 larvae.

Keywords: Array, Coleopteran, Karnah, Notching, Floral Buds.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858618354.
E-mail Address: khansajad386@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

248
Syrphid Flies: Collection and Mass Culture in Laboratory
Falak Mushtaq£1, Md. Niamat Ali2, Akhtar Ali Khan3, Mohd. Maqbool Reshi4
1,2,4
CORD, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Division of Entomology, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-1552

Abstract

Syrphid flies are considered the second most important group of insects after bees, in pollinating the
flowers. They are attractive biological control agents because of their intimate relations with flowers, and
with aphids. Syrphid flies have been collected from different areas of Kashmir valley. The collection was
done by using sweeping net. The caught flies were put into the collection tubes, which were suitably
perforated in the lid for the supply of fresh air. The collected flies were released in screen cage, which was
prepared by arranging several flowerpots of many host plants in rows and a separate row of aphid-infested
flowerpots for the purpose of oviposition attraction. After few days, eggs were laid on aphid-infested
plants. The larvae emerged after 2-3 days under suitable environment conditions. Newly hatched larvae
were collected on daily basis with the help of a soft art brush and transferred to the petridishes 9.6 cm
wide. The temperature was maintained at 26 ± 2 0 C and relative humidity 65 ± 5 % with 16:8 hrs. L.D.
photoperiod. The individual larva in each petridish was fed with one hundred numbers of aphids as prey,
sufficient for the next 24hrs. On the next day, live aphids in each petridish were counted and aphids eaten
by each larva were recorded. Within two weeks’ time, a huge number of Syrphid flies emerged.

Keywords: Syrphid Flies, Biological control, Aphids, Larva, Photoperiod.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622895494.
E-mail Address: falak.mehreen11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

249
Sericulture in Kashmir: Potential of Employment Generation
Altaf Hussain Mir£
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1630

Abstract

Sericulture is an agro-based labour intensive industry with a tremendous potential for employment
generation. The favourable climatic conditions of the Kashmir valley offers an awe-inspiring scope for
practising sericulture on commercial levels and it far excels other areas in suitability to sericultural
activities. The Japanese sericulturists have also expressed that the Kashmir valley could be converted into
a silkworm gene bank for sustaining the sericulture of the whole world. The industry however has been
contending with a number of factors that have limited its potential for employment generation. Moreover,
quality and quantity of mulberry leaf production, incidence of devastating diseases of the silkworm or
marketing monopoly and stagnant pricing of cocoons etc., all have discouraged agrocides to practise
sericulture resulting in the deterioration of silkworm cocoon production qualitatively as well as
quantitatively. In order to revive sericulture in the Kashmir valley, the critical issue and challenges of the
industry need to be addressed strategically and hence the potentiality of the industry will definitely help
in employment generation and rural development.

Keywords: Agro-Based Industry, Issues And Challenges, Sericulture And Kashmir Valley.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858347835.
E-mail Address: draltaf_786@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

250
Prevalence of Helminthes Parasitism of Domestic Fowl
(Gallus gallus domesticus) in South Kashmir
Aamir Hamid£, Syed Tanveer, Mohmad Muzafar Sheikh, Abrar Ahmad Bhat
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1636

Abstract

Domestic fowl being important component of food habit of man, with rich source of protein. Domestic
fowl is eaten in most of rural areas of the world. A survey of intestinal parasites of domestic fowl was
carried out in South Kashmir during March 2015 to February 2016. Four hundred and twenty-three (423)
gastrointestinal samples were examined. The result showed three helminth parasites with a high
prevalence of infection (66.19%). Ascaridia galli was most prevalent 195 (46.09%) followed by Heterakis
gallinarum 145 (34.2%) and least for Raillietina tetragona 110 (26%). Forty-eight (11%) cases of mixed
infections were encountered. We found significant (p<0.05) seasonal variation between seasons.

Keywords: Intestinal Parasites, Domestic Fowl, Parasite Burden and Mixed Infection

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: aamirhamid.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

251
Helminth Parasitic Load and the Effect of Pomphorhyncus on
Antioxidant Status in Schizothorax plagiostomus of Nallah
Sukhnag, Kashmir
Shafaquat Nabi£1, Syed Tanveer2, Showkat Ahmad Ganie3
1
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Clinical- Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1650

Abstract

An investigation of Helminth parasites of Schizothorax plagiostomus (Native fish) collected from Nallah
Sukhnag was undertaken from October 2014-September 2015. Out of 341 fish specimens, 127 were found
to be infected with different helminth parasites showing an overall prevalence of 37.24%. The helminth
parasites reported during the present study include Diplozoon (trematode), Adenoscolex (Cestode) and
Pomphorhynchus (Acanthocephalan) with the prevalence of 9.38%, 19.94% and 26.09% respectively.
During the entire study the helminth infection was maximum in summer (58.51%) and least in winter
(14.11%). Fishes having the infection of only Pomphorhynchus (n=9) and same number of uninfected ones
were then investigated for some antioxidants. Observations showed the reduction of total glutathione
content, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in infected muscle, intestine and liver
tissues as compared to respective organs of uninfected fish. This study concluded that parasites are
responsible for causing oxidative stress in fish tissues that leads to modulations in antioxidant activities.

Keywords: Parasite, Helminth, Pomphorhyncus, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Antioxidants

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006312530.
E-mail Address: shafaquat111@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

252
Phylogeny of Steinernematid Nematodes and its Associated
Symbiont from Meerut
Aashaq Hussain Bhat£, Aasha, Ashok Kumar Chaubey
Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
JKSC-1652

Abstract

The soil baiting technique of agricultural soil samples of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India revealed the
presence of three strains of Steinernema siamkayai. There is no report on 28S (D2D3) gene study of this
species since its description; therefore, it is the first 28S rDNA report of existence of S. siamkayai. In
contast, for S. siamkayai, the unique 28S sequence (AF331907) archived in GenBank is not correct as it is
highly similar to Heterorhabditis georgiana 28S (EU099033)! Thus, our S. siamkayai 28S sequences should
be of interest for the EPN scientific community. This investigation identified the strains on the basis of
morpho-taxometrical and molecular analysis. The important morphological and morphometrical
parameters are very similar. The Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of present strains CS33 and
CS36 showed one base difference (T in place of C) at position 43 with original specimen and strain CS37.
The strain CS37 showed one base difference (A) at 696 position with original description (T) and two with
strains CS33 and CS36 at positions 43 and 696. Since there is no report of D2D3 study of S. siamkayai,
therefore, in present study, comparison was made with strains and showed one nucleotide difference in
CS37 (T) when compared with CS33 and C36 (C). Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of symbiont
bacteria present in CS37 revealed it to be Xenorhabdus stockiae. Virulence tested on Helicoverpa armigera
showed positive results against the tested host.

Keywords: D2D3 Domain, Internal Transcribed Spacer, S. Siamkayai, X. Stockiae.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051785911.
E-mail Address: aashiqhussainbhat10@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

253
Histochemical Study on Cholinesterase and its Physiological
Importance in Paramphistomum cirvi (Paramphistomatidae:
Digenea)
Pervaiz Ahmad Dar£
Department of Zoology, Amar Singh College, Cluster University Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1657

Abstract

In present communication the detailed histochemical localization of cholinesterase at the tissue level of
the amphistome Paramphistomum cirvi has been described. Paramphistomum cirvi were recovered from
the rumen of sheep from the local abattoirs. Frozen sections were cut and histochemical localization of
cholinesterase was done by using Myristoylcholine method. Cholinesterase activity was demonstrated in
various tissues like musculature of oral sucker, acetabulum, tegument, digestive system, reproductive
system and parenchymal cells. The possible functional activity of this enzyme in different tissues has been
discussed. Cholinesterase are closely associated with nervous system, but not exclusively so. Presence of
cholinesterase in the musculature of suckers is suggestive of their nervous control for the attachment with
the host tissue. Cholinesterase also acts as decelerator for peristaltic activity and membrane transport.
Cholinesterase in reproductive system may help in discharge of sperms and eggs, and further, procure
sperms in sperm ductules. Presence of cholinesterase in the integument suggests its role in absorption
and transport of metabolites in the worm.

Keywords: Histochemical, Cholinesterase, Parenchymal Cells.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: NA

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

254
A High Throughputs and Consistent Method for the Sampling
and Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria Allied to High Altitude
the Medicinal Plant Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex. G. Don)
Javid A. Parray£1, Uqab Ali Baba2, Mohammad Yaseen Mir3, Nowsheen Shameem4
1
Govt SAM Degree College Budgam, India.
2,3
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Cluster University Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1658

Abstract

Bacterial communities in the root zones are vibrant and play an essential role in medicinal plant microbe
interaction and is a major driving force for maintaining the stability of soil ecosystem. The major bottle
neck for the studying the interaction lies on sampling methods. Though various methods from time to
time have been reported and developed however each method exhibited variation and inconsistency. We
recommend here the standardized method after consulting the major developed methods so far across
the globe. Primarily we divide the root zone in major bulk and rhizopshere fractions and a definite
bacterial gradient around the root zone of the medicinal plant Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex. G. Don), a
high altitude medicinal herb was observed. We propose to use this method as general basis for soil
sampling and enumeration of bacterial diversity from root systems.

Keywords: Bacteria, Medicinal plant.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: javid06@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

255
Ascariasis in Free Roaming Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus
Domesticus) of Kashmir Valley
Sheikh Tanveer Salam£, Pervaiz Ahmad Dar
Department of Zoology, Amar Singh College Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1659

Abstract

A two-year study was carried out from January 2011 to December 2012 in which Four hundred seventy-
eight (478) guts of domestic backyard fowl were screened for Ascaridia galli infection. The guts were
collected from fowl of different age groups and both the sexes purchased from ten different villages
covering almost entire Kashmir valley. Formol-ether concentration technique was used to concentrate the
gut content and analysis carried out. Prevalence of the nematode, age wise, season wise and sex wise
infection rate was recorded. The infected tissues were preserved in 10% formalin and finally subjected to
histological studies by conventional Microtomy. The overall prevalence of Ascaridia galli for the entire
two-year study was found to be 35.35% with highest number of infected birds in September. Parasitic load
was found to be highest during summer with mean intensity 05± 1.9. Females were found to harbour more
parasites than males. The histological studies of the preserved infected tissue revealed degeneration of
epithelial lining, disruption of villi and even sloughing of mucosal lining. Mucous degeneration with
vacuolation of lining epithelial cells was a consistent feature. Cellular reaction was mild and was
characterized mainly by infiltration of mononuclear cells and a few polymorphonuclear cells including
eosinophils.

Keywords: Histological, Parasitic, Polymorphonuclear.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596221779
E-mail Address: sheikhtanveersalam@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

256
Species Complex Evidencing Genetic Relatedness Among the
Members of the Genus Thelohanellus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea)
Infecting Cyprinid Carps from Indian Subcontinent
Harpreet Kaur£
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
JKSC-1672

Abstract

Out of the total 2600 myxozoan species reported so far, Thelohanellus Kudo, 1933 is the second most
prevalent genus comprising of about 150 species after the genus Myxobolus Butschli, 1882 infecting both
freshwater and marine fishes. In general, these are mostly histozoic (within the tissues) and sometimes
coelozoic (in body cavities). The present paper deals with the study of species complex among the member
species of Thelohanellus genus from the Indian subcontinent infecting gills, fins and muscles of cyprinid
carps. The species forming species complex are T. rohitae, T. catlae, T. jiroveci, T. seni, T. bifurcata, T.
dykovae, T. neocyprini, T. filli, T. muscularis and T. theinensis. The phylogenetic analysis was done on the
basis of 18S rDNA which showed close similarity between the species. The homogeneity was found to be
between 90 to 99%. The factors responsible for the species complex could be phylogeography, host
reluctant, organ and tissue specificity of these myxozoan parasites. Study of more genetic markers
facilitated with morphotaxonomy can be used to sort out the occurrence of species complexes among the
morphologically different species having similar genetic makeup and vice-versa.

Keywords: Thelohanellus, 18S rDNA, Gills, Muscles, Species complex, Ranjit Sagar Wetland.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: harpreetbimbra@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

257
Effects of Sewage Pollution on the Fish Health
Mehraj ul maqbool£1, Bashir A. Lone2
1
Department of Zoology, J. S. University, Uttar Predesh, India.
2
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1693

Abstract

Sewage pollution into natural environment led to instability, disorder, demage or discomfort to both the
physical systems and fish health inhabiting the ecosystem. Harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy
metals and domestic sewage are often released into the aquatic environment. Large quantities of
pollutants are released which lead large-scale sudden mortalities of fishes while as lower levels of
discharge may result in bioaccumulation of these pollutants in body organs of fish. The ill effects of water
pollution on fishes can be classified into acute and long term chronic effects, which includes immune-
suppression, reduced metabolism, and damage to liver, gills and mucosal epithelia. Many diseases are
related to pollution which include fin rot, tail rot, gill damage, hepatic damage and ulceration. To avoid
the effects of water pollution on fish health, effluents discharged from agriculture, household and other
sources should be properly treated.

Keywords: Pollution, Fish Health, Biomarkers, Morphological Deformities, Pollutants, Diseases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: mehrajulmaqbool@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

258
Macroinvertebrates of Dal Lake: An Effort to Assess the
Diversity, Abundance, Population Density and Trophic Status
Aubid Bashir£1, Anuja Gupta2, Mohammad Farooq Mir3
1
Department of Zoology, Barkatullah University Bhopal, M.P., India.
2
Govt. Mvm Bhopal, M.P., India.
3
Hydrobiology Research Lab. S.P. College Srinagar, J&K, India
JKSC-1253

Abstract

Benthic macroinvertebrates play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems as they are immensely important
for the ecological sustainability. These communities readily respond to change in physico-chemical
properties of water. The present study was conducted for a period of one year from October-2016 to Oct-
2017 to assess the diversity, abundance, population density and trophic status of Dal Lake.
Macrozoobenthos were presented by 17 species belonged to three phyla viz; Annelida, Mollusca and
Arthopoda. Benthic macroinvertebrates of Dal Lake were dominated by species characteristic to nutrient
rich waters including Limnodrillus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, Branchiura sowerbyii, Nais sps, and
Chironomous sps. which thrive in sediments rich in organic nutrients. The abundance of these specific
pollution indicator species, especially annelids such as Limnodrillus sp., Tubifex tubifex, Branchiura
sowerbyii, is depictive of transition in the trophic status of the lake from mesotrophic to eutrophic. The
analysis of population density (ind/m2) and dominance of Macrozoobenthos helped in the determination
of trophic status of Dal Lake because of their sensitivity to pollution. Therefore, it forms an important
criterion for determining the trophic status of lakes and hence it is concluded that Dal Lake is suffering
from Eutrophication. Therefore, it is a grave concern to formulate conservation strategy to protect this
jewel from becoming barren land in near future.

Keywords: Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Dal Lake, Diversity, Dominance, Abundance, Population Density,
Eutrophication.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780945384
E-mail Address: sheikhabid482@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

259
Anthelmintic Properties of Euphorbia wallichii Wall. Against
Sheep Nematodes
Abida Khan£1, Hidayatullah Tak1, Requya Nazir2, Bashir A. Lone3
1
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Cennrtre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1694

Abstract

The increasing anthelmintic residues in milk, meat and other products of animal, non-accessibility, high
cost to anthelmintics lead an interest in medicinal plant as an alternative source. The different extracts of
Euphorbia wallichii was studied for anthelmintic properties against sheep nematodes using worm motility
inhibition assay, egg hatching assay and reduction in egg count percent (RFEC%) assay. Methanol and
aqueous extract of Euphorbia wallichii resulted in mean worm mortality of 84.44% and 62.20% exposure
to 30 mg/dl (p<0.01). Highest inhibitory effects were observed in crude methanol extract (LC50= 1.032
mg/ml) compared to aqueous extract (LC50=2.04 mg/ml) on egg hatching. Highest faecal egg count
reduction (93.86%) was observed for methanol extract, followed by aqueous extract (78.34%) at 2 g per kg
of body weight at day 18 post-treatment. Euphorbia wallichii will be considered promising alternatives to
the available anthelmintics for the treatment of nematodes.

Keywords: Anthelmintic, Euphorbia Wallichii, Haemonchus Contortus, Aqueous Extracts, Methanolic Extracts.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419384471.
E-mail Address: khan.renu2@gamil.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

260
Pathological Alterations Due to Parasitic Burden in Labeo
rohita
Irfan Ahmed Noorani£1, Palaq2
1
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1705

Abstract

Fish are usually infected by the parasites, which are important determinants of their fish health. Present
study was conducted to evaluate the pathological impact of acanthocephala infestation on the
gastrointestinal tract of Labeo rohita collected from Jammu waters. Parasitic infestation was reported in
344 out of 500 fish samples collected from different water bodies of Jammu. Different parasitic genera,
trematodes cestodes and nematodes were recovered. For the histopathological investigation tissue
samples from the infected fish were fixed in Bouin’s fixative for 24 hours, processed by using standard
microtome techniques. At the site of infection, the intestinal surface appeared thickened with prominence
of mucus cells. Different histological changes were observed like villi damage, shortening of villi,
inflammation of intestines of fish. In heavy infections, damage to both mucosal and submucosal layers
were also prominent.

Keywords: Pathological Alterations, Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchus, Labeo Rohita, Jammu, Helminths..

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA..
E-mail Address: irfan.noorani29@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

261
Biochemistry
264
Anti-Oxidative Prospect and Liver Protective Action of Texus
wallichiana Extracts
Muzafar Ahmad Bhat£, Showkat Ahmad Ganie
Department of Biochemistry ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-720

Abstract

Background: The plant, Taxus wallichiana is a member of Taxaceae family used for the treatment of several
disorders by a large ethnic population residing near the forests in Kashmir valleys. The objective of this
study is to assess antioxidant potential and hepatoprotective activity of this plant as claimed by the tribal
population. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant potential of various extracts of Taxus wallichiana was
assessed by estimating the DPPH, total phenolics, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging action and
microsomal LPO, using standard protocols. Liver protective effect of Taxus wallichiana was estimated by
the evaluation of hepatic marker enzyme (AST, ALT, ALP) levels through standard protocols and by rat
liver histological analysis of different animal groups against ccl4 triggered hepatic damage. Results: The
maximum phenolic content of 157.34 mg GAE/g was observed in Ethanolic extract followed by Methanolic
extract (153.24 mg GAE/g), Hexane extract 138 mg GAE/g), Ethyl acetate 132.9 mg GAE/g, Chloroform
125.37 mg GAE/g and Aqueous 117.00 mg GAE/g. At concentration of 700 µg/mL, DPPH radical
sequestering action of ethyl acetate (83.57%) with IC50 (296.80%µg/ml), aqueous (86.47%) with IC50
(250.29 µg/ml) and methanol extract was (92.29%) with IC50 (206.00 µg/ml). The reducing potential
of different extracts amplified in a concentration dependent manner. At concentration of 700 µg/ml
60%, 72% and 83% inhibition was recorded with and ethyl acetate, aqueous and methanol extract on
microsomal LPO with IC50 of 148.96, 160.83 and 121.09 µg/ml. Superoxide radical alleviation property of
Taxus wallichiana extracts improved in a dose dependent manner with IC50 values 296.55µg/ml (ethyl
acetate), 256.00 µg/ml (aqueous) and 169.30µg/ml (methanol). Extracts of Taxus wallichiana also
showed antioxidant action on Calf thymus DNA damage. Besides, the findings further illustrate liver
protective activity of Taxus wallichiana extract at the dosage of 100 and 300 (mg/kg of body weight) per
day and depicted remarkable similarity with the standard drug comprising 50 (mg/kg-day) of ascorbic
acid, a known liver protective drug. The facts were confirmed with histopathological analysis of rat liver
tissue sections. Conclusion: These findings comprehensively illustrated that Taxus wallichiana extracts
are proficient in alleviating oxidative stress and be employed as possible antioxidant and liver protective
agents in many oxidative stress linked disorders.

Keywords: Anti Oxidant, Taxus Wallichiana DPPH, DNA Protection, Liverprotective, Histopathology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006604510.
E-mail address: muzabchphd@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

265
Antimicrobial Effect and Phytochemical Screening of
Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Selected Medicinal Herbs
of Kashmir Valley
Khalid Bashir Dar£, Aashiq Hussain Bhat, Shajrul Amin, Akbar Masood, Showkat
Ahmad Ganie
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-893

Abstract

Rapid emergence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) and extreme drug resistant (XDR) pathogenic strains
has alarmingly challenged the current therapeutic scenario. Medicinal herbs are the precious gifts of
nature, rich in biologically active compounds with multiple therapeutic properties. In this study, we
performed the antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phytochemical screening of three medicinal herbs
namely Malva sylvestris (2073- KASH), Taraxacum officinale (2062- KASH) and Coriandrum sativum
(2064-KASH). After plant identification and soxhlet extraction, the antimicrobial potential of extracts was
determined by agar well diffusion method. The bacterial strains employed were Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-
441), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-2940), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-139), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(MTCC-424), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC-426) and Escherichia coli (MTCC-739). The fungal strains employed
were Penicillium chrysogenum (MTCC-947), Aspergillus fumigatus (MTCC-1811), Candida albicans
(MTCC-227) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC-170). Gentamycin and Nystatin were used as positive
controls for antibacterial and antifungal assays respectively while the 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was
used as negative control. The phytochemical screening was performed by standard procedures. In case of
Malva sylvestris, methanolic extract exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against Klebsiella
pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris. Same extract of Coriandrum sativum showed prominent activity
against Escherichia coli. In case of Taraxacum officinale, methanolic extract dominated aqueous extract
in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. So far as antifungal activity is concerned,
methanolic extract of Malva sylvestris showed considerable antifungal activity against Aspergillus
fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum. Same extract of Coriandrum sativum showed prominent activity
against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While in case of Taraxacum officinale, the aqueous extract dominated
methanolic extract in inhibiting Candida albicans. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of
constituents like alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and terpenoids in
almost all the selected medicinal plants. The plants showed considerable antimicrobial potential and may
contain compounds with promising therapeutic effect against microbial infections. Further studies are
required in the direction of characterization/isolation of active compounds, besides testing their selective
toxicity under in-vivo experimental conditions.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Extract, Aqueous, Methanol, Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial Resistance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906172245.
E-mail address: khalidnigeeni@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

266
Antimicrobial Potential of a Gal-Nac Specific Lectin Purified
from Pongamia Pinnata Against Extended Spectrum Beta-
Lactamase Producing Bacteria Responsible for Urinary Tract
Infection
Aijaz Ahmad Ganaie£
Biotechnology Lab. Deptt of Biological Sciences, R.D University, Jabalpur M.P, India.

JKSC-351

Abstract

The plant proteins with the capacity to tie and agglutinate cells were recognized amid a century ago and
such proteins were given a name phytohemaggutinins. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most
common form of nosocomial infections, affecting people throughout their life-span. The present study
was designed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of lectin from Pongamia pinnata against extended-
spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria responsible for urinary tract infection. Infected urine clinical
samples were collected aseptically and processed immediately for the isolation of pathogens. Isolated
pathogens were identified based on physiological characters. The ESBL- producing bacteria isolates were
evaluated by disk diffusion test. A lectin with sugar specificity was purified by affinity chromatography
on lactose- agarose from seeds of Pongamia pinnata. The antibacterial activity of the lectin was carried
out by disk diffusion method at different concentrations using appropriate standards. A lectin with sugar
specificity was purified by affinity chromatography on lactose- agarose from Pongamia pinnata. Its specific
activity was of 10.98 haemagglutination unit/mg protein, with a 4.39-fold purification. SDS-PAGE profile
showed that the lectin named PPL produce a solitary band, indicating that the lectin consists of similar
type subunits. Thermal analysis results showed that lectin was stable within a range of 20- 600C. pH
stability of purified lectin fall in the narrow range 6-8. PPL demonstrated a remarkable antibacterial
activity against the extended- spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria responsible for urinary tract
infection. The maximum antibacterial activity was observed against E. coli (22 mm) followed by Proteus.
mirabilis and Pseudomonas. aeruginosa (16 mm) each. A moderate activity was observed against Klebsiella
pneumoniae (12 mm) and minimum activity against Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm) with respect to that
of zone diameter exhibited by the organisms. The lectin purified from Pongamia pinnata was found to
contain pronounced antibacterial activity against extended- spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria
responsible for urinary tract infection

Keywords: Anti Oxidant, UTI, ESBL, Lectin, Nosocomial.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622424168.
E-mail address: ganieaijaz19@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

267
Assessment of Clinical, Metabolic, Hormonal and
Hematological Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome
Iram Ashaq Kawa£, Fouzia Rashid, Akbar Masood, Qudsia Fatima, Humira Jeelani,
Saika Manzoor
Department of Biochemistry/Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-877

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, affecting up to 6.8% of women of
reproductive age. The disorder is characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic oligo
ovulation/anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Despite its prevalence, PCOS remains largely under
unknown. Oxidative stress, which is well-known to participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular
disease (CVD), was documented in PCOS and it is also reported to affect insulin resistance (IR) in these
patients and contributes to hyperandrogenism. An aberrant cellular redox balance is thought to be
connected to PCOS by disturbing normal cellular signaling. The exact pro-oxidant and antioxidant status
in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is still not clear. This study was undertaken to investigate the
oxidative stress in the development of PCOS by estimating the activities and levels of oxidative stress
markers. Seventy women with PCOS who attended Endocrinology and Gynecology Departments and
seventy controls were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of PCOS was made as per Rotterdam criteria.
The clinical assessment included detailed menstrual history, quantitation of hyperandrogenism,
anthropometric, biochemical, insulin and hormonal analysis. Biochemical parameters were evaluated
using commercially available assay kits and hormonal levels were determined by Chemiluminescence
immunoassay. Oxidant/antioxidant markers were measured using Spectrophotometric method. The
statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program using unpaired t-test. A significant increase in
biochemical and hormonal parameters were found in women with PCOS. Higher mean fasting serum
Insulin and higher mean HOMA-IR were recorded and QUICKI and fasting G/I ratio were lowered in
PCOS subjects compared to controls. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione
transferase activity were found to be significantly increased whereas glutathione, Vitamin C and Vitamin
E levels were significantly decreased in PCOS subjects compared to controls. Our study revealed that there
is impaired metabolic and hormonal profile in women with PCOS. Increased activities of Glutathione
peroxidase, glutathione reductase and decrease in Glutathione in PCOS cases compared to controls
suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to the pathophysiology of this common disorder.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Hyperandrogenism,Insulin
Resistance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713852026.
E-mail address: iramashiq06@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

268
Association of CYP17 Promoter Region SNP rs743572 With
Hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri Women with Polycystic
Ovarian Syndrome
Sairish Ashraf£1, Mudasar Nabi2, Shayaq ul Abeer Rasool3, Mohd Ashraf Ganie4,
Shajrul Amin5
Department of Biochemistry University of Kashmir,Hazratbal Srinagar, India.
1,2,5
3
Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India.
4
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1488

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrinopathy in women affecting 5-10% premenopausal

women. One of the suggested etiologies for PCOS is abnormality in expression of steroid biosynthesis
pathway genes. Polymorphism in the regulatory region of one such gene-CYP17, a T to C substitution −34
base pairs from the translation initiation point in the promoter region, has been suggested as possible
candidate for hyperandrogenism. This SNP is suggested to play role in up regulation of the expression of
CYP17 resulting in an increased synthesis of androgens. The objectives of the study were to assess the
relation of T to C substitution in the promoter region of CYP 17 α-hydroxylase gene with
hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian syndrome in Kashmiri women. 100 women diagnosed with
PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria and 50 healthy women were recruited for the study. Different clinical,
anthropometric and biochemical parameters of cases and controls were investigated. PCR-RFLP analysis
was performed to assess the relationship of this polymorphism with PCOS. Statistical analysis was done
by SPSS and p value of 0.05 was taken as significant. Homozygous variant genotype (A2/A2) had a
frequency of 17% in cases as compared to 12% of controls (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.15-1.4, p =0.28). In cases
heterozygous variant genotype (A1/A2) showed frequency of 59% as compared to 52% in control group,
(OR= 0.58, 95% CI = 0.27 - 1.26, p = 0.23), showing no significant association. Statistically significant
association was observed between hyperandrogenism and the polymorphism in cases. Homozygous
variants cases (A2/A2), with FG Score 8 (OR= 0.095, 95% CI = 0.0177-0.513, p= 0.003) which is statistically
significant (p =0.003). We found a significant association of CYP17 gene polymorphism with
hyperandrogenism. However, the CYP 17 gene does not show a significant association with PCOS.

Keywords: PCOS, Cyp17, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Hyperandrogenism,

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697302678.
E-mail address: sairishashraf11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

269
Detergent Solubilized Monomeric Aβ1-42 Peptide
Production from E. coli Bacteria
Gh. Jeelani Mir£1, Asma Rehman Ansari2
1
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, India.
2
Embl Fellow
JKSC-664

Abstract

To enhance the functional or mechanistic understanding of amyloid beta (Aβ1-42mer) mediated

Alzheimer’s disease in humans, we utilized bacterial recombinant expression system for simple, robust
and cost-effective method for large-scale peptide production. We inserted Aβ1-42mer encoding peptide
sequence with or without thrombin cleavable site at the N- or C-termini of GFP carrying vector and
expressed as insoluble protein in high yield, circumventing the inherent toxicity of this peptide in E coli
bacteria. The peptide was further solubilized in 1% n-dodecyl-beta-maltoside (DDM) detergent and
purified as a stable monomer. The level of expression was compared by a point mutation in the peptide
sequence in comparison to the wild-type. The resulting peptide was fully functional in its plague forming
activity and was appropriate for in vitro aggregation studies. Our novel method will be applicable for
utilizing the toxic Aβ1-42 peptide that can be exploited for biomedical and pharmaceutical research.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease , Aβ1-42mer, Site Directed Mutagenesis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491823625.
E-mail address: jeelani710@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

270
DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms and Gastric Cancer Risk: A
Report from Kashmir- India
Bushra Nissar£, Falaque Ul Afshan, Misbah, Nuzhat Shaheen, Bashir Ahmad Ganai
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-530

Abstract

Coding polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been reported to affect the DNA repair capacity
and are associated with genetic susceptibility to many human cancers, including gastric cancer. An
understanding of these DNA repair gene polymorphisms might not only enable risk assessment of humans
exposed to the environmental carcinogens but also response to different therapeutic approaches, which
target the DNA repair pathway. In the present study, polymorphic variants of two DNA repair genes,
XRCC1Arg399Gln and XPDLys751Gln were chosen to be studied in association with the gastric cancer
susceptibility in Kashmiri population. A total of 180 confirmed cases of gastric cancer (GC) and 200
hospital-based controls from Government SMHS hospital, Srinagar were included in the study. The
genotyping for XRCC1 and XPD gene were carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment
length polymorphism. We found that tobacco smoking is strongly associated with GC risk. However, we
did not find any association of polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln with GC risk in
the study population. The combination of the genotypes and the gender stratification of the XRCC1 and
XPD genotypic frequency did not change the results. The consumption of large volumes of salt tea was
also not associated with gastric cancer risk. Polymorphic variants of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln
are not associated with the risk of gastric cancer in Kashmiri population. However, replicative studies with
larger sample size are needed to substantiate the findings.

Keywords: XPD, XRCC1, Gastric Cancer, DNA Repair, PCR-RFLP.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796589343.
E-mail address: bushranissar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

271
E R Stress Chaperones Tumor Specific Relocalization: Glucose
Regulated Proteins (GRP 78 and GRP 94) Expresses
Specifically on Tumor Cell Membranes Irrespective of Grade
or Stage of Tumor in Human Oesophageal Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
Mir Khurshid Iqbal£1, Mohammad Afzal Zargar2, Syed Mudassar3, Arshad Ahmad
Pandith4, Arif Bashir5, Ghulam Nabi Lone6, Syed Besina Yaseen7, Khurshid I.
Andrabi8
,1
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Central University of Kashmir, India..
3
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
4
Advanced centre for Human Genetic Sher-i- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar, India.
5,8
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
6
Department of Cardio Vascular Thoracic Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
7
Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1384

Abstract

Oesophageal cancer is the aggressive and most prevalent malignancy in this part of the world. There is
urgency in exploration of marker for therapeutic intervention to improve prognosis. Studies indicate
toward the possible roles of stress proteins in the development and progression of this malignancy. We
utilized immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation for assessment. We observed
that stress proteins, GRP 78 and GRP 94 were overexpressed in OSCC. The expression observed was typical
to tumor-specific and the pattern of expression was observed similarly in both GRP 78 and GRP 94. The
both molecules expressed synchronously with identical dynamics in all cases. Interestingly, the both
proteins were localized in the cytosol in adjacent histological normal whereas changing their localization
and appear on membrane of tumor cells. The expression and the localization of individual GRPs appear
irrespective of grade or stage of the disease. The sera of some patients were also searched for the presence
of GRPs in the peripheral circulation. An inexplicable band was observed in both patients and control only
after enrichment of the protein. Our data advocates that their expression starts early in the course of the
disease and remains until the late stage in OSCC. The data further, confirms the change in localization
and supports the perspective of GRPs as potential therapeutic contender in light of the possibility that
their manipulation would assist to sensitize cancer cells towards therapeutic interventions which may
abet tumor regression.

Keywords: Cancer, ER Stress, GRP, HSP, Membrane Relocalization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596443772.
E-mail address: mir.khurshid@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

272
Effect of Methylamine Osmolytes on the Functional Activity
and Aggregation of Oxidoreductases
Usma Manzoor Wani£, Fasil Ali, Tanveer Ali Dar
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-689

Abstract

Osmolytes are small molecular weight organic compounds that regulate cellular proteiostasis under
various stress conditions. They have been used by cells to maintain cell volume and redox balance. Many
studies confirm that osmolytes are involved in the regulation of so many biological systems, their
accumulation regulates protein-protein interactions, protein and DNA interactions etc. They have been
categorized into polyhydric alcohols and sugars (polyols), amino acids and their derivatives and methyl
ammonium compounds. This study was designed to investigate the effect of methylamine class of
osmolytes on the important defense system of body i.e., antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and
superoxide dismutase belonging to oxidoreductase family of enzymes. Interestingly, these enzymes have
been implicated in various oxidative stress and neurological disorders. And so far no such systemic
investigation has been carried out on this important protein system. Sarcosine belongs to methylamine
class of osmolytes and its effect on functional activity and aggregation of catalase was carried out. It was
observed in kinetic studies that sarcosine reduced Km of catalase with no significant change in Vmax. In
structural studies, it was found that sarcosine stabilizes the heme region of catalase with a blue shift of 5
nm observed in the Soret absorption spectrum. In addition to this, sarcosine was found to slow down the
aggregation of catalase by affecting the saturation phase of the aggregation kinetics.

Keywords: Osmolytes, Proteiostasis, Methylamines, Catalase, Sarcosine, Soret region, Aggregation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715825491.
E-mail address: 7osmani@gmail com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

273
Elsholtzia Densa Methanolic Extract Modulates the
Inflammatory Markers in Acute and Chronic Models of
Inflammation
Ovais Ahmad Zargar£, Rohina Bashir, Muzafar Ahmad Bhat, Sumaya Hassan,
Nasreena Sajjad, Rohaya Ali, Mohammad Afzal Zargar*, Rabia Hamid
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
*
Central University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1421

Abstract

Inflammatory diseases being one of the back bending global burden are alarming the world. Established
anti-inflammatory drugs exert extensive side-effects and do not seem always effective. These demands for
the development of alternative drugs, likely from natural products because of their diverse chemical
nature. The anti-inflammatory activity of aerial part methanol extract of Elsholtzia densa collected from
the natural forest of Naranag area of Kashmir valley was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo model systems
using Macrophages RAW 264.7 cells and acute (carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema) and
chronic model (formaldehyde induced arthritis) respectively. Effect of EDM extract on pro-inflammatory
cytokines like IL-6, tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 were determined using
ELISA. The pro-inflammatory cytokines levels showed clampdown in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 by the
extract treatments. Results obtained from in vivo experiments demonstrate that oral administration of
EDM extract significantly attenuated inflammation in carrageenan and histamine-induced paw edema,
and improved chronic models (formaldehyde induced arthritis). The EDM extract exhibited a significant
decline in the paw volume being par with the standard drug Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) as compared with the
control group. The reduction was observed in dose dependent manner with 300mg/kg resulting in 27.27%,
and 100mg/kg in 16.88% inhibition at 3rd hour.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Elsholtzia Densa, Cytokines, Arthritis, Carrageenan.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797073468.
E-mail address: ovaisclbku@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

274
Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-
Hyperlipidemic Activity of Active Extracts of Fragaria
nubicola
Suhail Anees£1, Showkat Ahmad Ganie2, Rabia Hamid3
1,3
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-880

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increase of interest in the use of medicinal plants to treat various
ailments because herbal medicines have been reported as safe, easily available, economically effective and
without any adverse side effects especially when compared with other synthetic drugs. Hyperlipidemia is
a metabolic condition in which there is an increase in lipids and lipoproteins and is a major cause of
atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis associated conditions, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension,
obesity and diabetes mellitus (Type -II). The present study has been conducted to evaluate the
antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Fragaria nubicola. Total of four bacterial
strains were employed for antibacterial assay and four fungal strains were used for antifungal assay.
Highest antibacterial activity was observed with the methanolic extract in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with
inhibition zone of 19.0±0.40mm and highest antifungal activity was observed with methanolic extract in
Candida albicans with inhibition zone of 18.0±1.25mm. The antioxidant activity of methanolic and
aqueous extract was carefully investigated by the methods of DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide
radical and DNA protecting assay. At concentration of 700µg/ml the DPPH radical scavenging activity of
methanol extract was 87.17±1.02% (IC50 386.92-10.10μg/ml) and aqueous 61.45±1.45% (IC50
484.02±5.58μg/ml). Superoxide radical scavenging activity of extracts increased in dose dependent
manner with highest in methanolic extract. To evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic activity in high fat diet
induced hyperlipidemia Wistar rats, 35 rats weighing 80-100gm were divided into 7 groups with five in
each. Animals were allocated in groups as: Group I Normal control receiving water, group II
Hyperlipidemic control receiving high fat diet, group III Atorvastatin (10mg/kg), group IV and group V
receiving methanolic extract of 50 and 100mg/kg, group VI and VII receiving aqueous extract of 50 and
100mg/kg body weight. Lipid profile was done after inducing hyperlipidemia for 30 days and after giving
the extracts for 15 days. The results were analysed by ANOVA.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Hyperlipidemia, Medicinal plants, Methanolic Extract, Aqueous Extract.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797806204.
E-mail address: suhailanees7@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

275
Evaluation of Gluten Protein Fractions in Indian Wheat
Cultivars (Triticum aestivum) for their Antigenic Properties
Asima Hamid Mir£, Moni Gupta
Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences And Technology Jammu, India.
JKSC-1547

Abstract

The study was undertaken to characterize gluten proteins of twenty wheat cultivars on the basis of
immunoreactivity and to determine the effect of sourdough fermentation on their antigenicity. In this
study, the different protein fractions of wheat were characterized by SDS-PAGE before and after
sourdough fermentation whereas the antigenicity of wheat gliadin proteins was evaluated by ELISA.
MALDI-TOF PMF was used to determine the molecular masses and sequences of the peptides that
appeared in the electrophorogram of gliadin proteins after sourdough fermentation. Gluten proteins are
responsible for conferring a unique combination of elasticity and viscosity to dough. Therefore, the effect
of sourdough fermentation on the viscoelastic nature of the dough was studied by rheometry. The
structural changes of gliadins as a result of fermentation were determined by using FTIR spectroscopy. As
nutritional quality is important for health, these twenty varieties were also evaluated for their grain
biochemical compositions (macronutrients and micronutrients) before and after sourdough
fermentation. The results revealed that there was significant proteolysis of gliadin proteins in almost all
the cultivars, resulting in the virtual disappearance of some protein bands and appearance of some new
bands with lower molecular weights (5 to 110 KDa). Anti-gliadin antibodies were tested against gliadin
proteins of the twenty Indian wheat cultivars. The results revealed that all the samples possessed antigenic
properties with variable intensities. Highest OD values were recorded in cultivar GW-322 (0.217), followed
by HI-1531 (0.212) and the lowest immunoreactivity was recorded for RAJ-4120 (0.176) cultivar. The
Lactobacillus treated samples when subjected to ELISA assay showed good results with an average
decrease of about 60% in immunoreactivity for all the twenty wheat cultivars. The gliadin structure as
investigated by means of Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR) also revealed differences
between control and fermented wheat gliadin proteins. MALDI-TOF results of three new low molecular
weight fragments showed that the lower fragment was found to contain the antigenic sequence that might
be responsible for the remaining 40% antigenicity of wheat gliadin proteins. The results from rheometry
showed that the storage modulus magnitude was much greater than loss modulus magnitude in all the
twenty wheat cultivars (more elastic behaviour than viscous behaviour), although it decreased in
fermented doughs. Our research allows affirming that the proposed way of reducing the gliadin
antigenicity is remarkably viable.

Keywords: Wheat, Gluten, Gliadins, ELISA, SDS-PAGE, Sourdough Fermentation, FTIR Spectroscopy, Rheology,
MALDI-TOF.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006234385.
E-mail address: asmamir653@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

276
Evaluation of Inhibitory Activity of Dipsacus Inermis Extract
on Production of LPS-stimulated Pro-Inflammatory
Mediators in J774 Murine Macrophages
Sumaya Hassan£1, Shilpa Gupta2, Abubakar Wani3, Sameer U.Khan3, Nasreena
Sajjad4, Showkat A Ganai5, Rabia Hamid6
1,2,5,6
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2,3,4
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu,, India.
JKSC-636

Abstract

Medicinal plants have always represented a potential source for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory
drugs. The current study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extract
of Dipsacus inermis leaves in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated J774 murine macrophage and animal
models of inflammation. The extract was found to suppress the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-
activated J774 cells by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore,
the extract significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα both in vitro and in vivo.
Oral treatment of the extract elicited a preventive effect on the development of paw edema induced by
carrageenan in a dose-dependent manner in BALB/c mice. The present investigation established some
pharmacological evidences to support the folklore claim that Dipsacus inermis is used as an anti-
inflammatory agent

Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory, LPS, NO, Inos, Tnfα and Carrageenan.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491834401.
E-mail address: hassansumaya119@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

277
HSPA1A and Rho GTPase RhoA Interaction May Decrease
Cancer Cell Proliferation
Sumaiya Nabi£1, Firdous Ahmad Khanday2, Nazir Ahmad Dar3
£,1,3
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1424

Abstract

Heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A), a stress inducible chaperone, is overexpressed in many tumors. HSPA1A
regulates multiple cell signaling pathways by interacting with numerous kinases like Src, tyrosine
receptor, Raf and MAP-kinases and many cell cycle related proteins like p53, Cdk4, Wee-1, c-Myc, pRb,
and p27/Kip1. Given the versatile functions of HSPA1A which get affected by its binding partners, we
screened the novel interacting partners of HSPA1A by adopting co-immunoprecipitation approach along
with other relevant functional assays. A novel interaction was found between HSPA1A and Rho GTPase
RhoA under physiological conditions in HeLa and HEK293T cells. We assessed the impact of the
interaction on cell morphology and proliferation potential. Our MTT results demonstrate that both
HSPA1A and Rho A when transfected individually increase the cell proliferation, however, when we co-
transfected the two proteins, cell proliferation decreased and the decrease was more pronounced in
cancerous cells (HeLa) than transformed (HEK293T) cells. Further, when the two proteins were
exogenously increased, cells lost their normal morphology (rounding up/clumping) as compared when
they were transfected individually. Loss of normal morphology was unlikely due to cell death as the
immunoflouresence assay demonstrated that the nuclei were intact. Therefore, decrease in cell
proliferations and altered cell morphology hints for possible negative regulation of RhoA by HSPA1A.
However, laboratory work is going on to study the biological impact this novel interaction more
conclusively.

Keywords: HSPA1A, Rho GTPase RhoA, Cancer, Cell Proliferation, Cell Morphology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796581157.
E-mail address: ksumaiyanabi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

278
Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Pathway in
MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line by a Novel
Medicinal Plant Protein
Parvaiz Ahmad Dar1, Sameer Ahmad Mir2, Fayaz Malik3, Laishram R. Singh4,
Tanveer A. Dar5£
Department of Biochemistry, University Of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
£,1,5
2,3
Cancer Pharmacology Division, Csir-Iiim, Jammu, India.
4
Dr. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, India.
JKSC-970

Abstract

Since the introduction of recombinant human insulin protein, pharmaceutical proteins have emerged
dramatically both in number as well as frequency. Therapeutic proteins showed noteworthy potential in
every field of medicine. Protein pharmaceuticals possess promising therapeutic potential in the treatment
of several diseases as they show high activity, low toxicity, target specificity and minimal non-specific
interactions. Keeping this in mind, an integrated approach was devised for structural characterization and
pharmacological activity of a novel protein from a medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalayas. In this study, a
novel protein with a molecular mass of 40 kDa was purified and investigated for its cytotoxic properties
against triple negative human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The IC50 value of the purified protein
against MDA-MB-231 was 7 µM. Induction of mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway by
purified protein was observed with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and bax/bcl-2
dysregulation. In presence of the purified protein, accumulation of cells in G2/M phase accompanied by
cell cycle arrest was observed in Flow cytometry studies. Identification and secondary structural
characterization of the protein was also carried out by MALDI-TOF/MS and Circular Dichroism studies.
So far our results strongly suggest that the purified protein could be a potent anticancer agent and further
validation of the results and characterization of the purified protein is highly warranted.

Keywords: Apoptosis, Membrane potential, MALDI-TOF/MS, Circular Dichroism.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858821906.
E-mail address: tanveerprl@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

279
Is Oral Contraceptive Pill a Drug of Choice for Treatment of
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
Saika Manzoor£, Humira Jeelani, Iram Ashaq Kawa, Sairish Ashraf, Qudsia Fatima,
Syed Sakina, M. Ashraf Ganie*, Fouzia Rashid
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
*
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-834

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or Stein Leventhal Syndrome is the most common endocrine
disorder. It is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism & polycystic ovaries on USG.
Currently various drugs are in use to treat PCOS like OCPs, anti-androgens, insulin sensitizers, etc. We
undertook this study to investigate the effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) on various pro-coagulant
markers in women with PCOS. Rotterdam 2003 criteria, was followed for PCOS diagnosis. Subjects
without drug treatment were considered as drug naive PCOS controls (n=50) & those subjects taking OCPs
as a mode of treatment served as cases (n=50). Basic biochemistry was estimated on TRANSASIA ERBA
CHEM-7 using ERBA diagnostic Mannheim Gmbh kits. Hormonal analysis was done using
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Tissue factor and Insulin levels were measured by ELISA on BIORAD
analyzer using Raybiotech kit. Levels of PT & APTT were estimated on CA-500 automated analyser using
SIEMENS kits according to their respective protocols. Quicks one stage method & Activated partial
thrombin plastin time method were used for measuring PT and APTT respectively. Statistically significant
increase was found in parameters like OGTT, Lipids, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in cases as compared
to controls. The coagulation profile obtained was as follows: Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial
thromboplastin Time (APTT) were found to be decreasing in cases as compared to controls. Tissue factor
levels were found to be on rise in cases as compared to controls. However, improvement in hormonal
profile was found in cases as compared to controls. Parameters like OGTT, Lipid profile, Insulin, HOMA-
IR, Tissue factor, PT and APTT were found to be deranged in cases as compared to controls. Increased
levels of coagulation factors are reflected by shortened PT, APTT and Tissue Factor values which are
known to be associated with increased hypercoagulable state, thrombotic risk and CVD events. Therefore,
long term risk factors of OCP use needs to be considered as a mode of treatment for PCOS patients who
already are burdened by risk factors of Insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity etc.

Keywords: PCOS, OCPs, PT, APTT, Tissue Factor.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622857717.
E-mail address: saikamanzoor421@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

280
Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hyperglycemia by Rheum
spiciformis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats and
Characterization of Isolated Compound
Aashiq Hussain Bhat£, Khalid Bashir Dar, Mohammad Afzal Zargar*, Akbar Masood,
Showkat Ahmad Ganie
University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India.
*
Central university of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-656

Abstract

Study aims to evaluate amelioration of oxidative stress and hyperglycemic potential with Rheum
spiciformis methanolic (RS-MeOH) extract on Albino rats with major compound characterization. Groups
treated with plant extract under study (50 and 100mg/kg bw) decrease blood levels from 432.6±17.8 to
359.9±8.2 and 354.7±13.3 with RS-MeOH on the 0th day and on 15th day levels get significantly reduced
from 410.8± 15.7 to 162.5 ± 7.4 mg/dl.

Keywords: Anti-hyperglycemic, Oxidative Stress, GC-MS, NMR, Glutathione, Antioxidant Enzymes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622699035.
E-mail address: aashiqbht8@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

281
Modulation of Structure and Functional Activity of Catalase
by Polyol Osmolytes Accumulated Under Oxidative Stress
Disorders
Fasil Ali Wani£, Usma Manzoor, Tanveer Ali Dar
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-732

Abstract

Osmolytes are small molecular weight organic compounds accumulated by cells under stress conditions
like salinity, temperature, oxidative stress, pH, urea etc. In addition to this, oxidative stress is involved in
almost all major diseases grouped as oxidative stress disorders including Diabetes, Alzheimers, Parkinsons
etc. Among the different classes of osmolytes, polyol class has been found to have strong correlation with
oxidative stress disorders. An increased concentration of myo-Inositol, a polyol osmolyte, has been
observed in Alzheimers, diabetes, etc. Osmolytes in general protect the structure and function of proteins
under stress conditions by modulating the folding energy landscape of the protein both at thermodynamic
as well as structural level. It has been observed that under oxidative stress, proteins lose their native
structure and thus have a compromised functional activity. Among these proteins, antioxidant protein
systems including Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, SOD is one such class which has increased expression
during oxidative stress disorders. Interestingly in these disorders antioxidant enzymes systems have been
found to be perturbed. Keeping in view, the importance of the antioxidant enzymes under stress
conditions, the ability of the osmolytes to protect proteins under stress conditions and the co-existence
of osmolytes in stress disorders, this study was carried out to elucidate the effect of two polyol osmolytes
[myo-Inositol (MI) and mannitol] on the structural and functional activity of catalase. We observed that
MI decreases the overall enzymatic activity of catalase (Km and Vmax). Results obtained in kinetic studies
were well supported by structural studies where in it was found that MI unfolds the buried hydrophobic
patches (Fluorescence studies), destabilized heme pocket (soret absorption) and decreased thermal
stability (Tm) of the protein. In case of Mannitol, an increase in enzyme activity was observed with a
secondary structure formation (CD studies), compaction of the tertiary structure and increased thermal
stability. In-silico studies carried out strongly support our results with close association of MI with
hydrophobic residues of active site center/heme channel of catalase as compared to Mannitol. All these
experimental studies conclude that myo-inositol destabilizes catalase by decreasing its tertiary structure,
perturbing active site and thus decreasing its functional activity. While as Mannitol increased the stability
and functional activity of catalase by increasing the secondary as well as tertiary structure of the protein.
Our present study strongly supports the fact that co-existence of myo-inositol with oxidative stress
disorders may decrease the efficiency of the anti-oxidant protein system of the cell/organism.

Keywords: Osmolyte, Oxidative Stress, Protein Folding, Catalase, Myo-Inositol, Mannitol, Michaelis-Constant.

Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006533763.

£

E-mail address: faisalclbiochem@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

282
Pathogenicity of the M3 Variant (376Glu/Asp) of α1-
Antitrypsin
Arif Bashir£1, Younis Hazari2, Samirul Bashir3, Debnath Pal4, and Khalid Majid Fazili5
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
1,3,5
2
University of Chile, Santiago, US.
4
Department of Computational Data Science, Indian Institute of Science (IISC), Banguluru, India.
JKSC-1126

Abstract

Alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) is a 52kDa metastable glycoprotein that is coded by a serine-protease inhibitor

A1 (SERPINA1) gene. It is one of the chief circulating serine-protease inhibitors found in the human blood.
Its levels in circulation are raised during the excessive amount of proteases, especially neutrophil elastase,
released during inflammation. α1AT is largely expressed in hepatocytes and is secreted out in circulation
by simple diffusion in its metastable state. The metastability of α1-AT is instrumental to deactivate the
neutrophil elastase. The protease-driven attack on lung parenchyma has a severe consequence that may
manifest in the form of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) like pulmonary emphysema
(parenchymal lung disease). Among the different variants of α1AT, Z-alpha1 antitrypsin (Z-α1AT) is a well-
known pathogenic variant of α1AT. In this variant, the glutamate at position 342 is replaced by lysine just
above the top of β-s5A. This substitution removes a salt bridge between glutamate-342 and lysine-290,
thereby driving an electrostatic repulsion between lysine-342 and lysine-290 that may promote
polymerization. Z-α1AT has a remarkable ability to form loop-sheet polymers in the endoplasmic
reticulum of the hepatocytes. Aggregation of Z-α1AT i.e. gain of function in the hepatocytes leads to
cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma directly. Conversely, loss of function i.e. the decreased availability
of α1AT in circulation can lead to the pathogenesis of different disease including emphysema. Apart from
Z-α1AT, the majority of investigators across the board reported and suggested that M3-α1AT
(376Glutamate/Aspartate in exon 5 of the SERPINA1 gene) is a normal variant of the α1AT. On the
contrary, few investigations, based purely on epidemiological data, have reported the increased frequency
of M3-α1AT genotype in COPD, Alzheimer’s disease, chronic hepatitis, and demyelinating disease. Our
group, for the first time, unveiled that M3-α1AT is not a normal variant and could be potentially involved
in the pathogenesis of COPD and other disorders as well. The biophysical characterization, spectroscopic
results and in silico analyses revealed in vitro aggregation properties of M3α1AT.

Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, M3- α1AT: M3 Variant of Alpha1-Antitrypsin.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9205141886.
E-mail address: bashir.aarif@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

283
Polymorphic Study of HNF1 A (Exon 1) With Respect to
Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) Among Kashmiri
Ethnic Group
Parveena Firdous£1, Kamran Nissar2, Sareer Ahmad Waza 3, Seher Maqbool4, Shariq
Rashid Masoodi5, Javaid Ahmad Bhat6, Bashir Ahmad Ganai7
1,7
Centre of Research for Development (Cord), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir srinagar India.
3,4
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, srinagar India.
5,6
Department of Endocinology, SKIMS, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India.
JKSC-989

Abstract

Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) is a monogenic, clinically and genetically heterogeneous form
of diabetes showing autosomal dominant mode of inheritance spanning up to three generations. MODY
is usually misclassified with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Cell dysfunctioning, autosomal dominant mode of
inheritance and early age of onset (25years) are the characteristic features of MODY. It differs from the
normal diabetes in low occurrence of 1-5% and absence of diabetic features like obesity. As per American
association of Diabetes and World Health Organization, Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) is of
fourteen sub-types. Among the classified fourteen Sub-types, Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young type 3
(MODY 3) is the most frequent type of MODY, caused by mutation in gene encoding transcription factor
HNF1A, which is characterized by a progressive reduction in insulin secretion. The HNF1A plays an
important role in regulating expression of insulin gene in the mature β-cell and glucose transporter
GLUT2 gene. This prelim study was carried out to analyze the association of Exon 1 of HNF1A gene
mutation with MODY diabetes in Kashmir ethnic group. Preliminary analysis of gene mutation was
identified by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), using restriction enzyme as per
literature. The frequency of cases with Ala98Val HNF1A exon1 homozygous gene mutation was seen in
10%, heterozygous mutation in 40% and remaining 50% were not mutated. Statistical data revealed no
positive association of HNF1A gene (Exon 1) mutation for MODY diabetic patients, indicating that either
the recruited patients are suffering by any other sub-type of MODY, other than MODY 3 or the mutation
is not statistically significant with respect to Kashmir ethnic group.

Keywords: Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young, Gene Mutation, Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, Sulfonylureas, Insulin.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697649118.
E-mail address: firdousa156@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

284
Polymorphic Study of OGG1 Gene in Gastric Cancer Patients
of Kashmir
Rukhsana Akhtar£, Nazia, Zainab Mushtaq
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar India.
JKSC-463

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause worldwide and leading cancer in several countries. Polymorphic
changes in specific genes are a key event in the formation and progression of cancer. The study was carried
out to check the polymorphism of OGG1 gene in gastric carcinoma in Kashmir valley, a recently reported
prone area to gastric cancer. In this study genetic polymorphic of OGG1 gene showed 63% of gastric cancer
was homozygous mutant, 26% of the cases showed heterozygous condition and 10% were homozygous
normal. Almost 80 %( 16/20) of the normal samples showed heterozygous condition and 10 %( 2/20) was
found to be homozygous mutant and10 %( 2/20) homozygous normal. The allelic association of this
polymorphism with gastric cancer and normal healthy individuals was evaluated by chi square test and
was found to be significant (p=0.007). In gastric cancer patients the homozygous mutant condition was
found to be certainly higher in cases of above 60 years of age than the ages below 60 years and in controls
(16.6%) and was significant as (p=0.005) compared to below 60 years of age 33.35% and in controls 0% and
association was insignificant as p 0.4667. Conclusion: the present study found that OGG1 polymorphism
was found significantly associated with gastric cancer risk in Kashmiri population so it can be concluded
that there is an important role of polymorphism of OGG1 gene and may act synergistically to increase the
risk of gastric cancer in the patients of Kashmir valley.

Keywords: Gastric Cancer, Kashmir Valley, OGG1 Gene, Age, Polymorphism, Mutation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596564556.
E-mail address: rukhsanamir89@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

285
Possible Atherogenic Tendency in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Women: Evaluation in Terms of Oxidative Stress,
Paraoxonase1 Activity and Tissue Factor Levels
Humira Jeelani1£ Mohd Ashraf Ganie2, Tabassum Parvez2, Quddia Fatima1, Iram
Ashaq Kawa1, Saika Manzoor1, Fouzia Rashid1
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2Department of Endocrimonology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1628

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common and heterogeneous endocrine disorders
among women of reproductive age. Oxidative stress is an important component of cardio-metabolic risk
seen in PCOS women. The exact pro-oxidant and antioxidant status in women with PCOS and its possible
role in progressive diseases largely remain unclear. To add an insight regarding in this scenario of
deranged metabolism and its possible consequences a study has been designed where changes in
oxidant/antioxidant status and Paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity were measured. Paraoxonase (PON1) is an
antioxidant and antiatherogenic enzyme associated with high-density lipoproteins, which is known to be
inversely associated with oxidative stress in human serum and an independent risk factor for coronary
artery diseases. Women with PCOS have coagulation disturbances along with increased inflammation,
which increases the risk of atherothrombosis. Circulating tissue factor (TF), the receptor for coagulation
factor VII contributes to prothrombotic state and is involved in development of atherothrombosis.
Circulating tissue factor levels were also evaluated in the present study.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Oxidative Stress, Atherosclerosis, Paraoxonase1, Tissue Factor, Animal Science.

£
Presenting Author. Tel. +91 9797898523.
E-mail address: humaira.jeelani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

286
Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance of BrafV600E Mutation
in Colorectal Carcinomas from Kashmir Valley
Sanah Farooq£1, Rafiqa Eachkoti2
£1
Department of Biochemistry ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Depatment of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1462

Abstract

Molecular studies have implicated mutant B-type Raf kinase (BRAFMut) of MAP-Kinase signalling
pathway in the pathogenesis of several cancers including colorectal cancer. Recently the prognostic and
therapeutic relevance of the most frequent BRAFV600E mutation have also been high lightened in
colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of
BRAFV600E mutation and to determine the correlation between this mutation and indicators of poor
prognosis and outcome in patients with Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) from Kashmir, North India.
Methods: Here we developed Mutation Allele Specific Multiplex PCR (MASMP) for detection of
BRAFV600E/BRAFc.1799T>A mutation, the results of which were confirmed by sequencing the product.
The sensitivity of the technique was also compared with direct sequencing method. In total BRAFV600E
mutation status was analyzed in 57 Colorectal carcinoma samples and equal number of adjacent normal
tissues by both the methods. An odds ratio was performed to investigate the association of the
BRAFV600E mutation with clinical-pathological features and patient outcome. Results The BRAFV600E
mutation was identified in 21%(12/57) of Colorectal tumor tissues by MASMP compared to only 5.2% by
direct sequencing with none in adjacent normal tissues by either method. Statistical analysis indicated
that compared to BRAF-negative tumors, patients with BRAFV600E colorectal tumors were more likely
to be >50years old (61% vs 38%).

Keywords: Colorectal Cancer, BRAFV600E/BRAFc.1799T>A mutation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419006263.
E-mail address: farooqsanah@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

287
Promoter Polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene
are Associated with the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in
the Kashmiri Population
Nuzhat Shaheen Khan£, Mohammad Sultan Allai*, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Bushra
Nissar Bhat, Misbah Majid, Falaque ul Afshan
Department of Biochemistry ,University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar, Srinagar, India.
*
SKIMS Ssrinagar, India.
JKSC-666

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the major death cause worldwide despite the lifestyle
modifications and new pharmacological interventions to control dyslipidemia and lower plasma
cholesterol levels. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis in the
arteries supplying myocardium. Inflammation is the cornerstone in the development and progression of
atherosclerosis. Amongst the various inflammatory biomolecules, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has
been of much attention in the development of the disease. TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine with a pivotal
role in acute phase reaction and inflammatory cascade. Its role has been involved in the pathogenesis of
several inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and septic shock. It causes endothelial
dysfunction and vascular remodelling. TNF-α can induce expression of itself through NF-kB activation.
The ability of TNF-α to activate NF-kB nonselectively makes it the more potent pro-inflammatory
molecule. In this study, we investigated the association of TNF-α SNPs like -308G/A(rs1800629), -
1031T/C(rs1799964), -863G/A(rs1800630) with the risk of coronary artery disease in the Kashmiri
population. Kashmir lies in the north of India and is more predisposed to developing CAD because of the
ongoing lifestyle modifications and the increased exposure to traumatic and distressful conditions. This
non-migratory and ethnically homogeneous region is under-investigated for the genetic factors conferring
the high susceptibility. A total of 200 confirmed CAD cases and 266 healthy subjects were recruited for
the study. The RFLP-PCR method was adopted for genotyping. Logistic regression analysis was performed
to investigate an association between the SNPs and CAD risk. In case of the TNF-α -308 G/A (1800629)
polymorphism, we found G/A-A/A genotype to be associated with an increased risk of the CAD. The
heterozygous T/C of TNF-α -1031T/C (rs1799964) was found to have a protective role. For TNF-α -863C/A
(rs1800630) the variant genotype A/A was found to have a significant association with the disease. Overall,
our study suggests that the TNF-α promoter polymorphisms may act as genetic risk factors in developing
the coronary artery disease. However, the observations need to be evaluated in a larger cohort for the
better understanding of their role in the development of coronary artery disease at ethnicity level and for
possible therapeutic strategies and prevention of its secondary evolution.

Keywords: Inflammation, Coronary Artery Disease, Kashmir, Polymorphism

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715008706.
E-mail address: shaheen.nuzhat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

288
Protease Inhibitors Purified from Sophora Japonica Seeds
Show Potential Therapeutic Efficacy
Mudasar Nabi£, Aaliya Bhat, Shayaq ul Abeer Rasool*, Sairish Ashraf, Dr Shajrul
Amin
Department of Biochemistry University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
*
Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir srinagar, India
JKSC-814

Abstract

Proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are ubiquitous small proteins that interfere and limit the proteolytic activity of
proteases. Quite common in nature, they have been isolated and characterized from a number of sources,
including plants, animals and microorganisms. In plants they are natural defense-related proteins against
phytophagic insects and microorganisms, often present in seeds and are induced in certain plant tissues
by herbivory or wounding. PIs have been explored and have shown to play an important role in regulation
of various cellular physiological and biological processes, including cell cycle, cell death, differentiation
and the immune response by simply inhibiting the activity of corresponding protease. Besides they are
found to be highly effective suppressors of carcinogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Leguminous
seeds have a high content of protease inhibitors of which serine protease inhibitors are the most widely
studied. Two protease inhibitors Sophora japonica protease inhibitor (SJ-pi I and SJ-pi II) were purified
from seeds of Sophora japonica to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Ion exchange
chromatography on DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The molecular
mass of both the purified protease inhibitors was estimated by size exclusion chromatography and by
SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of SJ-pi I was found to be 15.1 kDa and that of SJ-pi II was found to be 31
kDa. The purified protease inhibitors SJ-pi I and SJ-pi II inhibited activity of trypsin by 91% and 83%
respectively and that of chymotrypsin by 89% and 81% at the molar ratio of 1:1. Both purified inhibitors
were active over a range of pH (6.0 -9.0). Maximum Inhibitory activity of SJ-pi I was found to be at pH 8
and for SJ-pi II it was found to be at pH 7. Both the inhibitors had peak activity in the temperature range
of 30oC – 40oC. Anti-microbial activity of purified inhibitors were tested against five bacterial strains viz
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus
pneumoniae and against two fungi viz Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purified Inhibitors
didn’t show any inhibitory activity against gram negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and
against fungal strains Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, both inhibitors exhibited
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumonia.
However further characterization and assessment of therapeutic potential of purified inhibitors need to
be evaluated.

Keywords: Protease Inhibitors,Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Sophora Japonica, Chromatography.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797915758.
E-mail address: mudasarnabi@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

289
The Heterogeneous Phenotypic Manifestations of PCOS Result
in Inconsistencies in its Research: Our Experience
Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool£1, Sairish Ashraf 2, Mudasar Nabi3, Khalid Majid4, Shajrul
Amin5
1,4
Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir srinagar, India.
2,3,5
Department of Biochemistry University Of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1436

Abstract

PCOS is a multifactorial, multigenic complex endocrine disorder affecting premenopausal women. The
clinical symptoms are varied but commonly include oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic
ovarian morphology. PCOS increases risks of infertility, insulin resistance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,
Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular disorders and endometrial hyperplasia. Due to multifactorial
etiology and heterogeneous presentation the diagnosis and research has become a challenging task. There
is a constant debate in defining this syndrome due to its phenotypic variability and symptomatic
variations which keep on changing throughout the life of affected women. The attempts to formulate a
clinical definition have mostly been based on consensus and not clinical trial evidence. This failure to
investigate precisely defined PCOS phenotypes has resulted in confusion in the research. We have
observed pcos shows amazing heterogeneity with BMI ranging from >33.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Phenotypic Variations, Clinical Signs. BMI, Infertility.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622599672.
E-mail address: shayaq.ul.abeer@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

290
The RING Domain Containing Component, Nse1 of The
Smc5/6 Complex is Required for Chromosome Replication
and Stability in Budding Yeast
Saima Masood Wani£, Neelam Maharshi, Deepash Kothiwal, Shikha Laloraya
Department. of Biochemistry, IISC Bangalore, India.
JKSC-1554

Abstract

Chromosomal stability is important for the fidelity of various chromosomal transactions like replication
and repair. Smc (Structural Maintenance of chromosomes) are important proteins which are required for
maintaining the chromosomal stability. In eukaryotes, three SMC complexes viz., the cohesin complex
(Smc1/3 complex), the condensin complex (Smc2/4 complex) and the yet unnamed Smc5/6 complex,
govern various chromosomal processes. The Smc5/6 complex is composed of eight subunits, the Smc5,
Smc6 and six non-Smc elements (Nse1-6). Nse1 harbors a RING domain, characteristic of E3 ubiquitin
ligases. Investigations have been made in order to understand the role of budding yeast Nse1 by isolating
a mutant nse1-103 bearing substitutions in conserved Zinc coordinating residues of the RING domain. The
mutant protein was found to be hypersensitive to genotoxic stress. Additionally, there was a defect in the
interaction of Nse1-103 with other subunits of the Smc5/6 complex such as Smc5 and Nse3. Chromosmal
loss was enhanced and a modest defect in sister chromatid cohesion was observed in nse1-103 relative to
wild type. Completion of chromosomal replication was delayed in nse1-103. The nse1-103 mutant also
exhibited synthetic sickness with rrm3∆ (defective in replication fork passage), which was rescued by
deletion of TOF1, a subunit of the fork protection complex that enforces pausing. This study, therefore,
demonstrates that the Nse1 RING domain organisation is important for completion of chromosomal
replication, cohesion and maintenance of chromosome stability.

Keywords: Chromosomes, DNA Replication, Genomic Stability, Protein Complex, Budding Yeast.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9945672473.
E-mail address: sayawani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

291
TL6317C2 A Potent Anticancer Molecules Against Colon
Cancer
Rohina Bashir£, Ovais Zargar, Sumaya Hassan, Nasreena Sajjad, Muzafar Ahmad
Bhat, Rohaya Ali, Qazi Parvaiz*, Rabia Hamid
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
*
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar Srinagar, India.
JKSC-516

Abstract

Cancer death rates are the best parameter to measure the progress that we have made against cancer. The
American society of cancer has predicted that in United States,50630 deaths will occur from colorectal
cancer in 2018.Despite technological evolution, world is still struggling with this multifaceted malady,
which has resulted in continuous search for new drugs against this deadly disease. Cancer drug research
is a rapidly expanding field, with thousands of new products in developmental pipeline. Bioactivity-guided
fractionation has turned out to be a remarkable approach for drug profiling and discovery. A number of
compounds, with diverse chemical structures, have been isolated from plants and established as
anticancer agents. Worth mentioning lead molecules such as camptothecin, vincristine, vinblastine, taxol,
podophyllotoxin, combretastatins, etc. have revolutionized the cancer therapy and treatment. Several
successful molecules like topotecan, irinotecan, teniposide, taxotere, etc. have emerged as drugs upon
modification of these natural leads and many more are yet to come. In this study, we report, bioactivity-
guided fractionation of whole plant methanolic extract of TLB6317. The active fraction, subjected to
column chromatography led to the isolation of pharmacologically potent anticancer compound coded as
TL6317C2. The compound was found to be 93.87% pure as determined by HPLC. The molecular mass of
compound was determined by LC-MS and was established as 456. The compound exhibited anti-
proliferative activity against panel of cell lines A-549, HCT-116, SW-620, PC-3, MCF-7, PC-3, MOLT-4 and
HL-60 cells with IC50 of, 7.74, 7.37, 11.37, 15.46, 8.84, 11.33, 13.93, and 16.23 μM respectively. The maximum
cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells and therefore further studies were carried
on this cell line. TL6317C2 induced apoptotic cell death in HCT-116, confirmed by microscopy for nuclear
morphology through DAPI-stained cells. Biochemical evidence of apoptosis came from elevating the
intracellular ROS level that was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential loss. These results
indicate that TL6317C2, a potential anti-proliferative compound needs further evaluated for its detailed
mechanism of action.

Keywords: Methanolic Extract, Isolation, HPLC, LC-MS, Anticancer, Apoptosis..

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906605572.
E-mail address: rohinabashir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

292
Expression Undercurrents of Sonic Hedgehog in Colorectal
and Pancreatic Cancers
Madiha Niyaz£1, Mosin Saleem Khan2, Mahboob Ul Hussain3, Rauf A. Wani4, Omar J.
Shah5, Syed Mudassar6
Department of Clinical Biochemistry , SKIMS, Srinagar, India.
1,2,6
3
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Department of Gen Surgery SKIMS, Srinagar, India.
5
Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-338

Abstract
Hedgehog signalling pathway during embryonic development regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in a time
and position dependent fashion so that developing tissues reach their correct size with appropriate cell types. It can
be very well understood that a pathway which regulates cell growth and differentiation if mutated or dysregulated
could lead to tumorigenesis and cancer. An important protein, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), functions as a ligand for
hedgehog pathway. They are synthesized as 45 KDa precursor proteins which undergo several post translational
modifications to form active 19KDa protein which then function in autocrine or paracrine fashion on target tissues.
These SHH proteins bind to a 12 pass transmembrane protein Patched. This binding causes activation of smoothened
a 7 pass GPCR like protein which in turn activates GLI transcription factors which translocate into the nucleus and
bring about the transcription of genes responsible for growth, renewal and cell proliferation like Cyclins B, D E, Bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Transforming growth factor (TGFβ). Sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein is a
morphogen, has significant roles during embryonic development. Aberrant activation of the SHH pathway via ligand
over expression has been implicated in many cancers. Nearly all patients with basal cell carcinomas
medulloblastomas, rhabdomyosarcomas have a dysregulation in hedgehog signalling pathway. Several studies have
also demonstrated the involvement of this pathway in gastrointestinal cancers but literature is still inconclusive. In
this study we investigated protein expression of SHH in colorectal and pancreatic cancers in our population and
correlated results with various clinicopathological parameters. We determined protein expression of sixty-one and
thirty-three (n=61) and (n=33) colorectal and pancreatic cancer cases respectively and their histopathologically
confirmed adjacent normal tissues using western blotting. We found SHH protein was over expressed in 29.5%
(18/61) and 72.7% (24/33) of colorectal and pancreatic tumor tissues respectively. SHH overexpression was
significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and late stage disease in colorectal cancer and with lymph node
metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Our results strongly suggest SHH over expression may be involved in tumour
progression towards more malignant phenotype. Since SHH protein is significantly upregulated (P>0.05) in pancreatic
cancers than in colorectal cancers it can be an attractive target in cancer therapeutics for treating pancreatic cancer.

Keywords: Sonic Hedgehog, Hedgehog Signalling Pathway, Protein Expression, Western Blotting, Colorectal Cancer,
Pancreatic Cancer.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006877280.
E-mail Address: madihaniyaz@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

293
Biotechnology
296
A Study on Bioethanol Production Potential of Cedrus deodara
(Deodar) and Shorea robusta (Sal) Sawdust
Neelu Raina, Deepali Bhagat, Parvez Singh Slathia, Preeti Sharma£
School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University,, Katra, India.
JKSC-1439

Abstract

Biomass is commonly cited as a renewable energy source. Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic
biomass such as wood, agricultural and forest residues has the potential to be a valuable
substitute/additive to petroleum. Progressive global issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and
depleting crude oil supply have sparked an exponential interest in the use of bioethanol in motor fuel
industry. Lignocellulose consists of three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, being
composed of chains of C6, C5 sugars and aromatic polymers respectively. The bioconversion of cellulose
to bioethanol requires three major steps: pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation. One of the
major resources in India is the forest wood residue. Sawdust is regarded as furniture industry waste and
is an attractive feedstock for bioethanol production due to large-scale generation and lack of major
commercial use. Economical utilization of sawdust reduces cost of its disposal thus enhancing profit
possibilities for furniture industry. In order to use woody residue, it is first necessary to break down the
"woody components" into fermentable sugars. Our work is therefore aimed at devising a strategy for
maximizing bioethanol production using sawdust obtained from softwood of Cedrus deodara (deodar)
and hardwood of Shorea robusta (sal) with major focus on enhancing reducing sugar yield. Maximum
reducing sugar concentrations were obtained from deodar sawdust (6.88441 g/L) and sal sawdust (2.45621
g/L) thermochemically at 121°C temperature and 15 psi pressure in presence of 1% HCl and 15% biomass
loading. Optimized pretreatment conditions (1% HCl concentration, 30 minutes incubation time and 10%
biomass loading) studied by using the Central Composite Design (CCD) tool of Response Surface
Methodology (RSM), a statistical software Design expert 6.0, Stat Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
gave optimum reducing sugar yields (12.59675 g/L in deodar and 4.62476 g/L in sal).Commercial enzyme
CELLULASE ONOZUKA R-10 from Trichoderma viride was used with a biomass loading of 5U/g in 0.2 M
acetate buffer (pH 5). 48 hours enzymatic hydrolysis of deodar sawdust and sal sawdust gave enhanced
reducing sugar yields (16 g/L and 5 g/L). The reducing sugar content was determined by DNS. Highest
ethanol yield of 0.9590% was obtained from deodar sawdust and 0.7980% from sal sawdust by Separate
Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) whereas highest ethanol yield of 0.64833% and 0.24200% were
obtained by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) after 96 hours using Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (MTCC-36). This study indicates that sawdust can provide a potential platform for bioethanol
production.

Keywords: Bioethanol, Biomass, Lignocellulose, Sawdust, Energy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051043866.
E-mail Address: ancient99india@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

297
Alternate Conformations of Proteins Subunit of Mycobacterial
RNase P on its function
Shah Ubaid-Ullah£
Govt. Degree College, Baramulla, India.
JKSC-177

Abstract

Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ubiquitous endonuclease found in all the three domains i.e., bacteria,
eukarya and archae. It catalyses the simple reaction of cleavage of phosphodiester bond in pre-tRNA
generating mature tRNA with release of 5' leader sequence. RNase P is one among the few known
ribonucleoprotein enzymes or ribozymes. RNase P is composed of a single RNA and atleast one (basic)
protein component. The bacterial version is composed of an RNA subunit (330-420 nt long) and a basic
protein (120 amino acid residues) while as in Archae and Eukarya the number of protein subunits vary.
M.tb RNase P is also composed of one RNA and one protein subunit. RNA subunit has the catalytic activity
while as the protein subunit relaxes the ionic requirement of the holoenzyme and is indispensable for pre-
tRNA cleavage in vivo. Here in this study, M.tuberculosis RNase P holoenzyme was reconstituted in vitro.
The protein subunit of the holoenzyme was prepared by two different strategies. The two holoenzymes
thus constituted differed in their action due to different conformations of the two protein preparations
and further they also differed in their stabilities. Thus, it is interesting to note that RNase P protein can
attain alternate conformations, which can work differently under different conditions.

Keywords: RNase P, ribonucleoproteins, M. tuberculosis, tRNA processing, Conformations.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9899594121.
E-mail Address: ubaid123@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

298
Aromatic Landrace of Japonica Rice Mushk budji possesses an
8 bp Deletion in Exon 7 of Badh2, a Gene Vital for Aroma
Development
Aafreen Sakina, Amjad Husaini£
Genome Engineering and Plant Chemetics Lab, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India.
JKSC-1361

Abstract

Aroma trait imparts speciality to the rice and increases its demand in market. Genotypes of aromatic rice
have been reported to possess a truncated version of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (badh2)
located on chromosome no 8, which causes the production of aroma. Kashmir varieties need to be
screened for the presence of variants of this fragrance imparting gene badh2 for use in crop improvement
programmes. In present study, 10 genotypes of rice grown locally in Kashmir including special rice of
Kashmir i.e Mushk Budji were assessed for allelic variants of exon 7 of badh2 gene. Based on previous
studies, primers were designed that targeted 8 bp deletion in exon 7 of badh2 gene and amplified a
fragment of 95 bp in aromatic rice varieties and 103 bp fragment in non-aromatic varieties. To validate the
results 463 bp region covering the target deletion was amplified by another set of primers (OsBadh2) and
subsequently the bands were eluted and got sequenced by Sanger method. Software program Clustal W
was used for creating multiple sequence alignment in the region of interest. The analysis showed presence
of a deletion of 8 bps GATTATGG and three SNPs were in exon 7 of aromatic rice genotypes, which could
be the possible reason of truncated betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme and subsequently aroma. No
such deletion was found in non-aromatic rice varieties. Hence functional markers for badh2 allele were
validated in all accessions of Mushk-budji, Pusa sugandh-3 and Basmati 1509 (aromatic varieties) which
can facilitate development of fragrant rice varieties through MAS. Surprisingly aroma was not detected in
a so-called accession claimed to be Kamad, which had been collected from a farmer’s field in year 2009.
This so called Kamad didn’t show any aroma in the fragrance test of Berner and Hoff and same was
corroborated by evidence from PCR results and sequencing. It doesnt possess the 8 bp deletion. The
reason could be that the concerned farmer was growing a mixture of aromatic and non-aromatic
genotypes in his field, and his claim was wrong.

Keywords: Rice, Mushk budji, Aroma, Sequencing , Functional markers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419010425.
E-mail Address: amjadhusaini@skuastkashmir.ac.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

299
Better ROS Regulation in Response to Stress by Carryover Effect
of Meta-topolin to that of Benzyl Adenine During
Acclimatization of In-vitro Raised Plantlets in Syzygium
cumini L.: A Potent Aromatic Medicinal tree
Afshan Naaz£1, Mohammad Anis2
1
Department of Physics, IIT Patna, India.
2
Aligarh Muslim University, India.
JKSC-1575

Abstract

An efficient, rapid and improved shoot regeneration protocol was successfully developed for a recalcitrant
aromatic woody tree by the use of meta-Topolin (mT) in Syzygium cumini using juvenile nodal explants
excised from 15 days old aseptic seedlings. Meta-topolin (mT), a benzyladenine analog [N 6-(3-
hydroxybenzylamino) purine] is a highly active cytokinin. The current study aimed at evaluating the
efficiency of two aromatic cytokinins, mT and BA for inducing an effective invitro regeneration system
and its carryover effect on ROS response during acclimatization in a woody aromatic tree species,
Syzygium cumini. L by the use of nodal explant. The analysis of variance depicted that mT resulted in the
better multiple shoot and root induction than BA. A combination of optimal cytokinin with auxins
certainly produce a better response than single cytokinin. Among the cytokinin-auxin combinations, the
highest number of shoots (nearly 25 microshoots) per explant and average shoot length (5.73 ± 0.11 cm)
were achieved on MS medium containing 5.0 μM mT with 0.2μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in
85% cultures after 12 weeks. The mT raised shootlets (singly or in combination) showed a better response
in growth and vigor of the plantlets in comparison to BA. Rhizogenic competency of mT raised regenerants
was better (80%) than BA raised (65 %). Efficient rooting was achieved, on MS 1/2 medium augmented
with various concentrations of NAA (5.0µM). The well-developed plantlets were acclimatized in a
separate batch of single nodal explant derived plantlets in soilrite with 80% survival rate and with 75.6%
under field conditions after four weeks of acclimatization. Various ROS (proline content, SOD, CAT, GR,
APX, H2O2, MDA) and photosynthetic activities and their levels were also found to be improved in mT-
derived plantlets, when compared with BA-derived plantlets.

Keywords: Aromatic, Medicinal, Meta-topolin, ROS ACTIVITY, In vitro.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8439238035.
E-mail Address: naaz.afshan@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

300
Cloning and Characterisation of AaMYC2-type, a bHLH
transcription factor from Artemisia annua positively regulates
Artemisinin biosynthetic genes and also enhances the
Artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L.
Ishfaq Majid Hurrah£, Nazia Abbas
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1192

Abstract

Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs) are still extensively used remedy for the cure of Malaria
(WHO, 2015). Although with lot of efforts, the semi synthesis of Artemisinin in the microbes has been
developed but none of its total synthesis procedures are commercially competitive with extraction method
from the natural source. Thus Artemisia annua plants are still only natural commercial source of
Artemisinin, however low concentration of Artemisinin content (0.1- 0.8% by DW) in plant leaves, results
in short supply and high costs of this effective drug (Abdin et al., 2003; Kumar et al., 2004). In the present
study, the transcription factor AaMYC2-type, a bHLH transcription factor was found to be involved in the
regulation of Artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. The full length CDS was cloned from A. annua and was
confirmed by sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis by MEGA6 and Clustal Omega confirmed AaMYC2-
type, a MYC type bHLH transcription factor having conserved DNA binding, dimerisation, nuclear
localisation and helix loop helix domains. We have also found AaMYC2-types transcriptionally active
protein and was localised to the nucleus. The expression analysis of AaMYC2-type by Real Time PCR in
the various tissues confirmed the elevated levels of AaMYC2-type in leaves and lowest in roots, which
were in agreement with the site of its biosynthesis. Further in presence of various phytohormones and
other abiotic elicitors the expression of AaMYC2-type was induced in presence of Jasmonic acid, 2,4-D UV
etc. The AaMYC2-type was overexpressed using the CaMV35S promoter and transformed in Artemisia
annua. The transient over expression lines of Artemisia annua were found to have elevated transcript
levels of three key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Artemisinin viz Cytochrome P-450 dependent
hydroxylase (CYP71AV1), Double bond reductase (DBR2) and Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1). Besides
the quantification of Artemisinin levels by HPLC in the transiently over expressed lines of Artemisia annua
were found to have higher Artemisinin content as compared to WT and Vector control lines. Thus all
together these results confirm that AaMYC2-type is the potential candidate involved in the regulation of
Artemisinin biosynthesis.

Keywords: Artemisinin, Cytochrome P-450 dependent hydroxylase (CYP71AV1), Double bond reductase (DBR2),
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1), Jasmonic Acid, Nuclear Localisation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622881050.
E-mail Address: eshfaqmajeed@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

301
Crosstalk between the TG-β Activated Kinase 1 (TAK-1) and
mTOR Signaling Cascades
Sabreena Aashaq£, Asiya Batool, Khurshid I. Andrabi
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1504

Abstract

TGF-β Activated kinase 1 (TAK-1), a serine threonine kinase, is a member of the MAPK kinase kinase
(MAP3K) family, named as MAP3K7, and is activated by TGF-β1. TAK1 is ubiquitously expressed kinase
activated by TGFβ. In addition to TGF-β1, TAK1 is activated by various other stimuli encompassing
lipopolysaccharides, proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α
and environmental stress. Accordingly, it regulates a wide array of cellular processes encompassing
apoptosis, embryonic development, cellular differentiation and cell survival. Apart from these processes
TAK-1 plays a very important role in regulating the mTORC1 pathway, a central pathway in the regulation
of cellular proliferation and autophagy. TAK-1 regulates a variety of intracellular kinases including the C-
Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK). TAK-1 kinase activity is
regulated by a number of post- translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
TAK-1 forms a complex with its binding partners, TAB1, TAB2 and TAB3. These proteins are also crucial
in regulating its kinase activity. Our data demonstrates that TAK-1 binds to S6K1, an mTORC1 substrate,
at a region in the internal catalytic domain of S6K1. We further show that TAK-1 increases the kinase
activity of different variants of S6K1 via increase in T389 phosphorylation. Our data suggests that TAK-1
may mediate its influence on autophagy by binding and modulating S6K1 activity.

Keywords: Apoptosis, Autophagy, Kinase, Lipopolysaccharides and Proinflammatory

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697763446.
E-mail Address: mirsabreena03@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

302
Development of FRET-Based Nanosensor for Measurement of
in Vivo Flux of Organic Acid
Ruphi Naz£, Altaf Ahmad, Mohammad Anis
Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, India.
JKSC-1536

Abstract

The idea of metabolomics has been coined and developed in the last decade to comprehensively study
metabolism under genetic and environmental perturbations. The metabolic engineering requires detailed
knowledge of the concentrations and flux rates of metabolites and metabolic intermediates in vivo. Liquid
chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) and IR spectroscopy based meta- bolomics approaches are being exploited
recently to analyze and screen production strains. However, available metabolomics techniques provide
dynamic data but could not determine the metabolite concentration in vivo with high spatio-temporal
resolution. Thus there is a dire need of non-invasive techniques to better understand metabolism and
compartmentation, which would be a significant advantage. Recently Genetically encoded FRET-based
nanosensors have become an alternative tool to fulfil the demand. The FRET phenomenon involves two
fluorophores with different color, one acts as a donor and the other acts as an acceptor. When a donor
fluorophore stands alone, it emits certain strengh of fluorescent light when excited by certain wavelength.
Now, when the acceptor fluorophore comes very close to the donor protein, the energy of the donor gets
transferred to the acceptor. So we can detect the fluorescent light of acceptor even though only donor is
excited, and the emission from donor decreases accordingly. When the acceptor leaves, the intensity of
donor fluorophores goes back up again. This phenomenon is very sensitive to the distance and the angle
between the donor and the acceptor. FRET based nanosensors are increasingly used to visualize and
analyse ion fluxes, signaling components, and metabolites level in real time with a high spatial and
temporal resolution. Taking this, we developed a genetically encoded FRET (Fluorescence Resonance
Energy Transfer) based nanosensor to analyse a specific organic acid level in living cells. FRET-based
nanosensor could be important tool for real-time measurement of metabolite level in high throughput
way.

Keywords: Cyan Fluorescent Protein, FRET, Metabolomics, Nanosensor, Yellow Fluorescent Protein

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8899465924.
E-mail Address: ruphinaz@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

303
Effect of Plant-Microbe Interactions on Growth and Pigment
Accumulation in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Neha Bharti, Samiullah Naik£1, Azra N. Kamili2, Pervaze Sofi3, Amjad M. Husain4
1,4
Genome Engineering and Plant Chematics Lab, Centre for Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India
2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
3
Plant Breeding & Genetics Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-K, Wadura Campus, India.
JKSC-1173

Abstract

Plant-microbe interactions which are symbiotic in nature have immense potential in enhancing plant
growth and development. The present study was carried out to study the effect of organic cultural
practices/microbial inoculations on the growth and development of saffron crop. The carotenoid
biosynthesis pathway is of vital significance to this crop for pigment production. Therefore, the effect of
plant-microbe interactions was studied with respect to pigment accumulation in this plant. Average shoot
height ranged from 13.10 cm to 22.47 cm, the average shoot biomass ranged between 0.86 g and 2.18 g,
average root depth ranged from 12.60 cm to 30.33 cm, average root biomass ranged between 0.90 g and
2.10 g, average stigma yield per plant ranged from 0.02 g to 0.03 g. VAM +PSB+KSB was found to be the
best treatment which showed maximum stigma yield in saffron (0.03 g). In saffron, protein content ranged
from 0.17 mg g-1 to 1.23 mg g-1, average proline content ranged from 0.30 µg ml -1 to 0.75 µg ml-1,
average phenolic content was found to be between 1.78 mg 100g-1 and 5.22 mg 100g-1, average chlorophyll
content ranged between 3.41 mg g-1 and 3.86 mg g-1, average carotenoid content ranged from 55.99 µg
g-1 to 82.82 µg g-1. The value of average crocin content in the saffron stigma was found to be between
260.24 and 325.46, the value of average picrocrocin content in the saffron stigma was found to be between
139.11 and 215.13 and the value of average safranal content in the dried saffron stigma was found to be
between 24.13 and 55.49. The maximum carotenoid (82.82 µg g-1) as well as apocarotenoid content was
found in VAM+PSB+KSB.

Keywords: Crocus sativus L., biofertilizers, plant-microbe interactions, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, VAM, PSB, KSB.,

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596041470.
E-mail Address: samiullahnaik@yahoo.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

304
Elucidating the Role of Syntrophin Proteins in Progression of
Alzheimer`S Disease
Umar Mushtaq£, Firdous A. Khanday
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-800

Abstract

Alzheimer`s disease represents a critical public health concern and is recognized by two major
pathological markers senile plaques and neuro-fibrillary tangles along with the increase in the ROS
production. MAP Kinases play a prominent role in the development and progression of this disease. JNKs
and p38 kinases show increased expression and activation in the disease. Syntrophin being family of
adaptor proteins play important role in the physiology of neuronal cells have not yet been explored in
relation to Alzheimer`s disease. We found that SNTA1 shows increased expression in IMR 32 cell line as
compared to neuron specific Gamma 1 syntrophin (SNTG1). Alpha 1 syntrophin in addition to being
present in other tissues of the body has a compelling role in the transmission of synapse and nitric oxide
generation in neuronal cells. We studied the effect of various concentrations of an oligomeric form of beta
Amyloid on transcriptional levels of Alpha-1-syntrophin. Results suggested an increase in the
transcriptional levels of SNTA1 at toxic concentrations of beta amyloid. Increased concentrations of beta
amyloid (10-50µm) increased the levels of MKK6 at transcriptional and translational levels. We observed
that MKK6 mediated the activation of Alpha-1-syntrophin in presence of beta amyloid. MKK6 in presence
of beta amyloid shows increased association with SNTA1. We are plan to look for the effect of the MKK6
mediated activation of Alpha-1-syntrophin on ROS production, which contributes to the neuronal cell
death in Alzheimer`s disease. This study will give us the possible mechanistic causes of cell death in
Alzheimer cells and thus can have a possible role in inhibiting the death of neuronal cells in Alzheimer`s
disease.

Keywords: Alzheimers, Syntrophins, IMR32, MKK6, ROS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797396411.
E-mail Address: umar6403@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

305
Review on Synthesis of Phosphonate Derivatives Under
Aqueous Condition and its Pharmaceutical and Industrial
Applications
Vikas Kumar£, Anil Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India.
JKSC-910

Abstract

A concise, highly efficient and eco-compatible route for the synthesis of phosphonate derivatives under
aqueous conditions has been developed. Phosphonates and phosphomalanoates are a versatile class of
bioactive compounds which have the potential to be used as enzyme inhibitors. Apart from this, their
diverse oriented use as anti-malarials, antimicrobials, antifungal and antihypertensive agents have greatly
motivated and prompted us to devise a more rational and green synthetic route for synthesis of such an
elite class of molecules. Phosphonates are increasingly used in medicine to treat disorders associated with
bone formation. Indeed, both man-made and natural phosphonates have found widespread use as potent
antifungal, herbicidal, antiparasitic or anti-microbial agent. Synthetic phosphonates are alendronate used
to treat osteoporosis. There is a wide use of phosphonates and their derivatives because of their biological
activities and wide range of application as metabolites, peptide mimetics, antibodies. The current devised
protocol offers multidimensional advantages such as operational simplicity, ease in reaction handling and
easy workup procedure, excellent yield of products, eco-compatibility, time and high atom economy,
ambient reaction conditions etc. Keeping in view the emerging trends of phosphonates, a brief review will
be conducted and its importance will be highlighted. Structure of all the synthesized compounds has been
characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, 31P NMR and spectroscopy.

Keywords: Multi-component reactions, Phosphonate derivatives, Mild catalyst, Aqueous condition, Green chemistry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9055163761.
E-mail Address: 15bib013@smvdu.ac.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

306
Metabolome Variation in Crocus sativa L. due to Surrounding
Cement Industries in Pampore
Mohd Saleem Dar£
CSIR-SRF, National Chemical Laboratory Under ACSIR, India
JKSC-1574

Abstract

The flower of Crocus sativus bears the crimson colour stigmas and styles that are collected and dried to
be used in pharmaceuticals, confectionaries, seasoning and colouring agent. Saffron, a cash crop and
major exchequer for the population surrounding the Karewas in Pampore area of Jammu and Kashmir.
The major contribution for Jammu and Kashmir being the highest saffron producer in India comes from
Pampore area. It has been studies that the cement dust and particulates generated in the area impact the
growth in the nearby areas. But far off sites have not shown that much effect by visual examinations. To
understand the physiology of events that are hampering the growth can be studied by different omics
approaches like proteomics, metabolomics and ionomics. The reason for studying the whole metabolome
changes due to changing conditions will give us leads regarding pathways that are qualitatively or
quantitatively inhibited in a spatiotemporal manner. The highthrouput techniques like GCMS for
Volatilomics and Orbitrap for the global metabolomics will be used to understand physiological changes
at metabolomic level. As we know that uniqueness of Pampore saffron is because of its metabolomic
constituents, so to understand the changes in metabolome can help us to devise the strategies to overcome
the effect as well it can help the government formulate the regulations regarding the setup of cement
industries.

Keywords: Orbitrap (HRMS), GCMS, Metabolomics, Saffron, Volatilomics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7709683268.
E-mail Address: s.dar@ncl.res.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

307
Regulation of Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI1) by miRNAs
miR-22 and miR-28
Saife Niaz£, Mahboob Ul Hussain
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-685

Abstract

Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI1) is an important enzyme regulating the glycolytic flux and hence the
metabolism in cells. So far, it has not been studied as to whether miRNAs, suppressing target expression
by binding to the 3UTR, regulate TPI1. The present study was conducted to investigate the regulation of
TPI1, and hence the glycolytic flux by miRNAs. A bioinformatics search revealed a conserved target-site
for miRNAs miR-22 and miR-28, that were downregulated in cancers, within the TPI1-3-UTR at 499-506
and 272-277 nt respectively. An inverse correlation of miR-21 and TPI1-protein was observed across three
different cell lines. Transfection of HCT-116 cells with miR-22 and miR-28 significantly suppressed a
luciferase-reporter containing the TPI1-3-UTR which was abolished when a construct mutated at the miR-
22/nt 499-506 and miR-28/nt 272-277 target site was used instead. Moreover, overexpression of miR-22
and miR-28 in HCT116 significantly reduced the endogenous TPI1-protein amounts. Anti-miR-22 and Anti-
miR-28, when transfected, were found to abolish this inhibition of miRNAs on the endogenous TPI1
protein levels. Resected normal/tumor tissues of 30 colorectal cancer patients demonstrated an inverse
correlation between miR-22/miR-28 and TPI1-protein. miR-22/miR-28 transfected in HCT116 cells were
also shown have reduction in the secretion L-lactate levels reflective of the inhibition of the glycolytic flux
by the said miRNAs. The inverse correlation between the said miRNAs and the TPI1 protein was also
observed upon hypoxia with the former downregulated and the latter upregulated. This is the first study
to show that TPI1 is negatively regulated by miR-22/miR-28 which act as tumor suppressor miRNAs.

Keywords: TPI1, miR-22, miR-28, Post-transcriptional regulation, L-lactate, hypoxia.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622712715.
E-mail Address: saif6412@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

308
To Study the Role of P66Shc in Mediating the Pro-Oxidant
Activity of Vitamin C by sensing ROS Levels
Hilal Ahmad Mir£, Firdous A. Khanday
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-816

Abstract

Oxidative stress reflects the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leading to the generation of
reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS acts signaling molecules and mediate different signal transduction
pathways which lead to cell survival, cell growth, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. These pathways
are mediated by various proteins which include MAP kinases, JAK kinases and many ROS sensing proteins
such as p66shc. P66Shc an adapter protein, belongs to the SHC A family having three isoforms p66Shc,
p52Shc and p46Shc. P66Shc differs from the other two isoforms, having an extra domain with a ser36
amino acid residue which upon phosphorylation leads to oxidative stress and ROS production via Rac-1
pathway. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) a water-soluble antioxidant plays an important role in regulating
oxidative stress. The vitamin possesses antioxidant properties at low concentrations however it shows
contradictory effect at higher concentration in cancerous cells. We plan to study the effect of high
concentrations of vitamin C on p66Shc mediated Rac1 pathway. Our preliminary results show that vit. C
leads to cell death in breast carcinoma cells at higher concentrations. We will analyze the effect of high
concentrations of vitamin C on p66Shc activation. We are planning to examine the possible role of
phospho ser36 in leading to cell apoptosis. We will look for the activity of Rac-1 at high doses of vitamin
C. P66Shc mediated Rac1 activation might contribute to the ROS production and cell death at high doses
of vitamin C. This study will elucidate the signal transduction mechanism mediated by high doses of
vitamin C and thus can pave way to use vitamin C as a therapeutic agent for cancer at defined
concentrations.

Keywords: Vitamin C, ROS, Rac1, p66Sh,.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906954250.
E-mail Address: hilalmir25@yahoo.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

309
Understanding Transcriptional Regulation of Picrosides
Biosynthesis in Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth
Tabasum Kawoosa£1, Sanjay Kumar2
1
Biochemistry Department, Directorate Of School Education, Srinagar, India.
2
Director, Institute Of Himalayan Resource Technology, Palampur, India.
JKSC-1124

Abstract
Picrorhiza (Picrorhiza kurrooa), a medicinal plant with well-known hepatoprotective activity attributed to picrosides
(iridoid glycosides), has been endangered due to its extensive harvesting from natural habitat. Understanding its
molecular mechanism would favour picrorhiza acclimatization and picrosides accumulation. The basic moiety of
iridoid glycosides is derived from geranyl diphosphate (GDP), which in turn can be synthesized through mevalonate
(MVA) or through methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Transcriptional regulation, a major control point of
modulating gene expression, is largely achieved through transcription factors (TFs) that interact with specific DNA
sequences (cis elements) in the promoter region of genes. TFs are reported to co-ordinately regulate the expression
of multiple genes of biosynthetic pathways in plants. Therefore, identification of cis elements and the relevant TFs
will prove as potential candidates to target research in medicinal plants for regulating the synthesis of medicinal
compounds. The present article details on cloning of promoter regions of important genes of MVA and MEP pathways,
their in-silico analysis and cloning of related transcription factors to understand the synthesis and accumulation of
picrosides in Picrorhiza. Genome walking approach was followed to clone the upstream sequepromoters of the
targeted genes of isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway which led to cloning of 3-Hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Co-A reductase
and Acetoacetyl Co-A thiolase of MVA pathway and 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, 4-(CDP)-2-C-methyl-
D-erythritol kinase, and 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase of MEP pathway. Putative regulatory
consensus sequences of the cloned promoters were analyzed using various bioinformatic tools (PLACE and
PlantCARE). Analysis identified several conserved motifs upstream to the translation start site known to be responsive
to light (GATA, SORLIP, I Box and GT-1), low temperature (LTRE, ABRE, MYC, MYB and PRE), harmones (ARR1,
GARE, DPBF, ERE and CPB) and signalling (WRKY, CGCG, ELRE and CURE).Relevant TFs related to identified motifs
were cloned through degenerate primer based approach and ORF sequence was completed through RACE-PCR
method. cDNA-sequences were analyzed at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Semi-quantitative
RT-PCR was used to analyze tissue-specific expression and the expressional changes in response to light. Picrosides
estimation was also carried out under similar conditions. Gene expression and picrosides content exhibited positive
correlation under light conditions and in different plant tissues. These transcription factors might prove as potential
candidate for regulating the picrosides level in Picrorhiza and also in modulating terpene metabolism in other
medicinal plant species of alpine zone.

Keywords: Promoter, Cis Acting Elements, Transcription Factor, Picrorhiza.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858311327.
E-mail Address: tabasumihbt@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

310
Inhibition of Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells by Alkyne-
Azido Cycloaddition Derivatives of Dehydrozingerone via
PI3k/Akt/Nf-kB Pathway
Zainab Iqra£1, Chetan Belwal2, Reyazul rasool3
1,3
Cancer Pharmacology Division CSIR -Indian Institute of Integrated Medicine, Jammu, India.
2
Chemistry Division CSIR -Indian Institute of Integrated Medicine, Jammu, India.
JKSC-889

Abstract

Here in we report the isolation and the synthetic modification of dehydrozingerone (4-hydroxy-
3methoxybenzalacetate) (DHZ) (1) a very high yielded secondary metabolite mainly present in the
rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae with the significant
cytotoxic activity and therapeutic potential with profound biological properties as well such as anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fungal and also with a strong property to inhibit tumor promotion in
vitro . An efficient synthetic method was developed to construct the O-propargylated of the
Dehydrozingerone by alkyne azido cycloaddition (2-21) with excellent yield (83-93%) using click chemistry
aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic potential. among all, the derived molecules like 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 and
15 displayed more potent cytotoxic activities with IC50 value in a range of 1.8-3.0 um, which were 16-18
folds more potent than 1 against three human cancer cell lines viz, PC-3 (prostate cancer cell line), HCT-
116 (colon cancer cell line), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line). the mechanistic study of the compound 7
showed that it not only blocked the AKT/ mTOR signalling which actually regulates the nuclear
transcription factor Nf-kB, but also increased the expression of anti-invasive markers like E-cadherin,
TIMP, and also decreased the expression of pro- invasive markers like Vemintin, MMP-2 and MMP-9
respectively. Our results describe an efficient synthetic approach used to evaluate the structure of activity
relationship of 1 and its derivatives in search of potential new anticancer agents.

Keywords: Dehydrozingerone I, Cytotoxicty, Zingiber Officinale, Click Chemistry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493059902.
E-mail Address: iqramuntazir.1326@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

311
Exploring the Possible Mechanisms that Regulate the
Expression of Del133p53 Isoform
Athar Jan£
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-541

Abstract

TP53 is a well-known transcription factor that regulates various genes involved in cell cycle progression,
cellular proliferation and apoptosis. p53 has tumor suppressive properties and is activated in response to
DNA damage, viral entry and hypoxia. In addition to full length p53 protein, twelve other isoforms of p53
are expressed by different mechanisms including alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage and IRES
mediated translation of p53 mRNA. One such isoform of TP53 gene is the N-terminal truncated form
namely Del133 which is translated from ATG present at codon 133 of p53 cDNA. This isoform is known to
negatively regulate the full length p53 function and is overexpressed in various human malignancies. In
our study we are investigating the possible mechanisms by which the Del133 protein is formed in order to
understand the mechanism of its overexpression in the human tumors. For this purpose, we ectopically
overexpressed C-terminal HA-tagged FLp53cDNA cloned in the pcDNA3.1(-) in the HEK293T cells. Our
Western blotting results using anti-HA and polyclonal anti-p53 antibodies showed that in addition to full
length p53 protein, various truncated versions of p53 are expressed from the p53 cDNA, including the
Del133 protein (35kDa). Promoter deletion studies of the p53-pcDNA3.1(-) construct revealed the absence
of any internal promoter in the p53 cDNA. The possibility of Del133 as a cleavage product of full length
p53 was ruled out by creating a frameshift mutation in the full length p53 coding sequence. Furthermore,
the possibility of Del 133 as a splice variant of full length p53 protein was ruled out by cloning the region
upstream of Del133 in Di-cistronic vector pRF and running reverse transcription PCR reaction using
specific primers. Our results proved that Del133 is not formed by any splicing event. Thus, overall, our
preliminary results didn’t show any internal promoter activity, alternate splicing and cleavage of p53
that could account for Del133 protein expression from p53 mRNA. In addition, the upstream region of
Del133 has long stretches of pyrimidine rich sequences characteristic of IRES elements. In this context,
luciferase assays and other mutational studies must be carried out to validate the presence of IRES
element, if any, accounting for Del133 protein expression.

Keywords: Del133p53, FLp53, IRES, Alternate Splicing

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596473525.
E-mail Address: atharjan10@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

312
Flavonoid Treatment of Breast Cancer has Ramifications on
Cell Viability and Alpha-1-Syntrophin Expression
Roshia Ali£1, Sahar Saleem Bhat2, Firdous Ahmad Khanday3
1
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Animal Biotechnology, SKUAST, Shuhama, Srinagar, India.
3
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-897

Abstract

Syntrophins are a multigene family of cytoplasmic, 59 KDa peripheral membrane, scaffolding adapter
protein, containing multiple protein-protein interaction domains. The syntrophin family consists of 5
different homologous isoforms; alpha-1-syntrophin, β-1-syntrophin, β-2-syntrophin, γ-1-syntrophin and
γ-2-syntrophin. All members of Syntrophin family share a common domain organization, containing two
pleckstrin homology (PH1 and PH2) domains at amino-terminus, a single PDZ domain and highly
conserved domain unique to syntrophin at carboxyl terminus. Alpha-1-syntrophin (SNTA1) is emerging as
an important regulator of cell signaling. SNTA1 forms an important part of the Dystrophin Glycoprotein
Complex (DGC) and takes part in signaling pathways via the DGC. SNTA1 interacts with various proteins,
glycoprotein, lipids and receptors linking them to DGC and thereby regulating the downstream signal
transduction pathways. SNTA1 has been seen to be over-expressed in breast, esophageal and colon cancer.
In this study, we analyze the effect of anti-cancer compounds vis-Ã -vis quercetin and kaempferol on the
expression of SNTA1 protein, in breast cancer cells. The effect of the drug treatment on cell viability and
SNTA1 expression was investigated. Both the drugs significantly reduced cell viability and expression of
SNTA1 protein in HBL-100 cells.

Keywords. SNTA-1, DGC, Quercetin, SNTA-1, DGC, Quercetin, Kaempferol, HBL100, HBL100

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018514288.
E-mail Address: sheikhroshia@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

313
Inhibition of mTOR: a New Strategic Treatment to Acute
Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)
Shazia Ali£1, Dil Afroze2, Javaid Rasoo3, Khurshid I. Andrabi4
1,4
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
3
Haematology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
JKSC- 1634

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has different modes of treatment as compared to other malignancies due
to low clinical response and poor prognosis. Initial mode of treatment by cytotoxic induction
chemotherapy induces remission. However, most of AML patients do not respond to therapy and die
because of relapse, despite having varied availability of therapeutic options. The aim of the study is to
improve standard chemotherapeutics and to develop novel combinations targeting multiple pathways for
treatment of AML. The mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathways play an important role in the survival of malignant
cells and its targeting shows a way to combat relapse in AML patients. We advocate that various
therapeutic agents with a new class of inhibitors are the plausible approaches for treating the patients
with relapsed or refractory AML disease. Further study needs to be done on combinations of novel
inhibitors and targeted agents inhibiting different pathways involved in tumor development and elicit
more potential response against early leukemic cells. Thus, an overview of the cytotoxic therapeutic
regimens currently in practice along with immunotherapeutic agents combined with novel inhibitors are
described for prospective study of use of potential agents for treatment of AML.

Keywords. Chemical Science, mTOR, AML.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: afrozedil@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

314
Terpenoid Induced Relaxation in Metal Mediated Hyper
Contraction on Isolated Wistar Rat Aorta
Shahnawaz Ahmad Wani, Luqman Ahmad Khan, Seemi Farhat Basir£
Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

JKSC-1637

Abstract

Metal toxicity is concern of public health, exposure to heavy metals leads to cancer and cardiovascular
diseases. Aortal rings were isolated from Wistar rats and suspended in the organ bath system for
measurement of isometric contractions. Chamber was gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2and maintained
at 37-degree Celsius temp. Contractile responses were tested with 1 µM phenylephrine for aortic rings. In
this study we have observed a hypercontractile effect at various concentration in aortic rings exposed to
heavy metals over phenylephrine. Our results showed thatterpenoids causes relaxation by blocking L-type
calcium channels when preincubated with verapamil. The vasorelaxation effect of terpenoids was
significantly inhibited by L-NAME suggesting that vasorelaxation effect was likely to be mediated via
endothelium-dependent relaxing factors. These terpenes at varyingconcentration caused 58% and 39%
relaxation in heavy metal exposed aortic rings.

Keywords: Terpenoids, Calcium channels, Heavy metals, L- NAME

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006608230.
E-mail Address: sbasir@jmi.ac.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

315
Molecular Biology
318
Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Bacteria: The
Bacteriocins
Marofull Nisa£, Ruqeya Nazir
£
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1489

Abstract

Bacteriocins are ribosomally-synthesized antibacterial peptides. They are small peptides having
amphipathic nature which on interaction with the bacterial membranes leads to cell death. These
compounds are produced by variety of bacteria but the well-known are produced by lactic acid bacteria.
Bacteriocins might warrant serious consideration as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Bacteriocins
are divided into four groups. Their classification was done on the basis of molecular size and presence or
absence of lanthionine. One of the features of Bacteriocins is that they are active at a very low
concentration (nM range). Due to the dual mode of action of Bacteriocin i.e (a) binding to the membrane
phosphate lipids and (b) specific recognition of surface components, both of which collaborate in pore
formation. They are widely used in veterinary medicine, human health, and food preservation. They form
good results against Gram-positive bacterial infection and Helicobacter pylori. Consequently, it may be
advantageous to study bacteriocins for the development of more efficient, biologically safe antimicrobial
compounds to replace those that cause serious side effects and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant
pathogens. These bacteriocins may also be used in probiotic applications after suitable study.

Keywords: Bacteriocins, Lanthionine, Antibiotics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889650717.
E-mail Address: maroofa1990@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

319
Role of Bacteria in Bioremediation of Heavy Metals - A
Review
Aamir Majeed£1, Nafee Maqbool2, Ibraq Khurshid3, SMA Andrabi4, Fayaz Ahmad5
Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir.
£1,2,5
3
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar.
4
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Zakura Campus, Srinagar.
JKSC-661

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is presently one of the key environmental problems throughout the world.
Anthropogenic activities like mining, agriculture, waste disposal or industry, discharge a variety of metals
which can produce harmful effects on human health due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification. In
agriculture, it has slowly deteriorated both crop quality and quantity. Many conventional methods were
previously used to neutralize the environment from adverse effect of these pollutants but still most of
these methods used are very expensive and distant from their best possible potential. Biological methods
decipher these drawbacks since they are easy to handle, do not produce any secondary pollution besides
being eco-friendly and cost-effective. Bioremediation has been introduced to explain the process of using
biological agents to eliminate toxic waste from environment, which is a natural process and its significance
is progressively considered for clean-up of metal contaminated and polluted ecosystems. Various natural
living agents can be used to perform bioremediation like bacteria, fungi, algae, higher plants etc. The core
of bioremediation is that organisms remove substances from the environment to achieve their growth and
metabolism and this property of bacteria is exploited here. In this review, the potential ability of
microorganisms like Bacteria in terms of tolerance and efficacy in removing heavy metals has been
discussed.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Biomagnification, Heavy metals, Environment.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006450595.
E-mail Address: majeed.amir24@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

320
Effect of Some Novel PIP3-Azole Derivatives on the Growth
of Drug Resistant Human Pathogenic Fungi
Syed Hafsa Qadri£1, Asiya Ramzan Bhat2, Inayatullah Tahir3, Reiaz Ul Rehman4, Peer
Abdul Haseeb Shah5
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar.
£1,2,4,5
3
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar.
JKSC-1051

Abstract

The pathogenic fungi continuously pose problem to human health. These pathogenic fungi being
opportunistic attack the immunocompromised people or patients generally undergoing chemotherapy.
Although the currently available antifungal drugs are gradually becoming less effective against fungal
pathogens but many new compounds or chemically substituted derivatives of existing drugs prove to be
the better options against resistant strains of fungi. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate
antifungal activity of PIP3-Azole derivatives. These PIP3-azole derivatives were designed by mixing the
PITENIN azole possessing anticancer activity and conventional azoles possessing antifungal activity. Four
novel PIP3-Azole derivatives 3La, 3Lb, 3Kb, 3Kd were analysed for their antifungal activity against FLC-
resistant clinical isolates of Candida. Effect of these compounds on the growth of fluconazole resistant
strains (M283, M1031) of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis was analysed by determining their MIC against
each fungal isolate. The effect of four novel compounds (3La, 3Lb, 3Kb, 3Kd) on the growth of two highly
drug resistant isolates (M283, M1031) of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis showed variable efficacy. MIC
results depicted that compound 3Kb showed better antifungal activity followed by 3Kd, 3Lb and 3La
against all the fungal isolates. Moreover, activity (MIC results) of most of the compounds against was
better or equivalent to activity of known antifungal drug fluconazole.

Keywords: Candida isolates, Azole Derivatives, Novel Drugs, Drug Resistance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906546817.
E-mail Address: peerxadahafsa@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

321
Potential Application of Bacteria in Bioremediation of
Pesticides- A Review
Nafee Maqbool£1, Aamir Majeed2, Ibraq Khurshid3, SMA Andrabi4, Fayaz Ahmad5
Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
£1,2,5
3
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Zakura Campus, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-660

Abstract

To protect the crops from the reduction in yield, quality and to match the demand of ever increasing
world population is the main objective of the modern agriculture. To achieve this, the manufacturing and
use of the pesticides has increased tremendously all over the world. But on the other hand, pesticides have
become a major contaminant of air, water, soil and vegetables and evidence suggests that their use has
adversely affected the human health. Bioremediation, the technology for nullifying the negative aspects
of pesticides, is basically a natural process where the degradation of the pesticide by an organism is
primarily a strategy for their own survival. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly, cost effective, highly efficient
approach compared to the physical and chemical methods which are expensive as well as unfriendly
towards environment. It is a biological response to environmental abuse that can be used for the biological
regeneration of the polluted soils, polluted as a result of production, storage, transport and use of
chemicals. Various strains of bacteria have been identified and isolated showing the novel property of
pesticide biodegradation. The enzymes and the genes involved in the bioremediation of various pesticides
have been identified, thus opening the opportunities for the development of super strains that can work
in the extreme polluted environments to achieve the desired result of rapid and complete bioremediation
of pesticides. Thus, due to its ecofriendly and sustainable behavior, bioremediation has proved to be a
significant technique in treating the sites that are polluted by chemical pesticides. In this review, the
potential ability of microorganisms like bacteria in terms of tolerance and potential in removing Pesticides
has been discussed.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Bio-degradation, Environment.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006426878.
E-mail Address: nafeemalik11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

322
Detection and Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric
Biopsies
Irfan Nisar Ahangar£, Dalip K Kakru, Gulnaz Bashir
£
Department of Microbiology, SKIIMS, Soura, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-784

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is an etiologic agent of chronic active gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and is
recognized as type 1 carcinogen by International Agency of Research on cancer. Cytotoxin associated gene
A (CagA), Urease C gene (UreC) and Vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (VacA) are an important virulence
factors in the pathogenesis of H. pylori. In this study we intend to detect and perform genotyping of H.
pylori CagA, VacA and UreC gene in the gastric biopsies of patient with gastroduodenal disease by PCR
and PCR RFLP. The intended study will enable us to analyze the effectiveness of a molecular biology
method (PCR) comparing the results with the histology and with the rapid urease tests and will help us
to find the association of different genotypes with various gastroduodenal diseases. A total of 150 gastric
biopsies collected from patients with stomach symptoms of gastritis. Each biopsy sample will be subjected
for rapid urease test, Histopathology examination and detection of glmM gene by PCR. After confirmation
of H. pylori in gastric biopsy subsequent detection of CagA, VacA and UreC gene will be done again by
PCR. The PCR products will be digested by HinfI, HhaI, MboI restriction endonuclease enzymes
respectively to find different patterns and analysed using appropriate statistical analytical method. As of
now, we have processed 15 samples, out of which 6 came positive by rapid urease test and PCR for glmM
gene and have been stored at 20oC for genotyping. In addition to this, all 15 samples are under culture.

Keywords: H. pylori, Gastric biopsies, CagA gene, VacA gene, UreC gene, glmM gene.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622457558.
E-mail Address: irfannissar@skims.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

323
Diversity and Distribution of Cold Resistant Bacteria in
Thajiwas Glacial Soil
Saleem Farooq Rather£1, Ruqeya Nazir2, Bashir Ahmad Ganai3, Dar Rubiya4, Baba
Uqab5
£1,5
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
2,3,4
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1213

Abstract

Cold resistant bacteria or psychrophiles are the microorganisms that prefer permanently cold
environments. Psychrophilic bacteria produce cold-active enzymes (psychrozymes) and proteins that
have useful applications in molecular biology, medicine, food or feed industry, detergents and cosmetics
due to high catalytic activity and heat-liability. Furthermore, they are used for bioremediation of polluted
cold wastewaters and soils. Psychrozymes are economically more beneficial and productive than
mesophilic or thermophilic homologues at low temperature, thereby providing energy savings to the
processes for which these enzymes are used. The current study deals with the diversity and distribution
of cultivable cold resistant bacteria in Thajiwas glacial soil. Seven different sites were chosen with different
altitude. Three sets of triplicate plates for each dilution were incubated one at 4°C, other at 10°C and the
third at 37 °C and bacterial colonies were enumerated after 3, 14 and 60 days of incubation. The cultivable
bacterial count (CFU/ml) was highest for site 1st: 6.8×105, 4.3×105 and 2.1×105 and lowest for site 7th: 2.7×105,
1.4×105 and 8×104 at 4 °C, 10 °C and 37 °C, respectively. A total of 31 different bacterial isolates were obtained
from glacial soil. Most of the isolates belonged to Bacillus (68%) and Coccus (32%). Out of 31 isolates
23(74%) were Gram negative and 8 (26%) were Gram positive. The bacterial diversity exhibited an altitude
gradient with a gradual decline in the number of genera with increase in altitude.

Keywords: Psychrophiles, Psychrozymes, Mesophilic, Thermophilic.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018576236.
E-mail Address: rathersaleem111@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

324
Diversity of G and P Genotypes of Human Rotaviruses in
Kashmir, India
Mir Nadeem Hassan£1, Shakil Ahmad Wani2, Shaheen Farooq3, Qazi Nyrah Javid4,
Nazima Nazir5, Iqra Hussain Shah6
£1
K.V.K Nyoma, SKUAST-Kashmir.
2,3,4,5,6
SKUAST-K.
JKSC-924

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of group A rotaviruses in children in
Kashmir, India. Out of 145 diarrhoeic faecal samples collected from children, aged between 0 and 6 months
and screened by latex agglutination test, 39 were detected positive for group A rotaviruses. Ribo-nucleic
acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE) revealed both long and short electropherotypic
pattern. Thirty-seven samples could be amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-
PCR). G1 (64.86%) was the most predominant type followed by G2 (13.51%) and then G9 (8.10%). Among
P genotypes, P[4] was the most predominant type with a frequency of 45.94% followed by P[6] with
29.72% frequency. On G and P genotyping by RT-PCR, G1P [4] turned out to be predominant (35.13%)
combination followed by G1P[6] (10.81%), G2P[4] (5.40%), G9P[4] (5.40%), G2P[6](2.70%) and
G9P[6](2.70%). Seven (18.91%) samples carried G1 genotype but their P genotype could not be ascertained.
Two (5.40%) samples carried G2 genotype but remained untyped for G genotype. Five samples (13.51%)
samples revealed P[6] genotype but remained G untyped. The present study signifies that rotavirus is a
significant cause of diarrhoea in children in Kashmir valley. RT-PCR typing method needs to be supported
by the sequence data, and there is need for further rotavirus surveillance in humans for effective
vaccination strategy.

Keywords: RT-PCR, Rotavirus, G and P genotyping, RNA-PAGE.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006411099.
E-mail Address: mir.ndm16@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

325
Impact of Heavy Metals on Microbial Diversity in Saffron Soils
of Kashmir Valley and Microbial Remediation Possibilities
Uqab Ali Baba£1, Ruqeya Nazir2, Bashir Ahmad Ganai3, Dar Rubiya4, Saleem Farooq5
£1,5
Department of Environmental Science ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2,3,4
Centre of Research For Development ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1221

Abstract

Environmental degradation is a worldwide problem and has serious impacts not only on humans but also
on animals, birds etc. Kashmir valley is bestowed with variety of natural resources but with expanding
population environmental degradation has accelerated and no doubt we are facing a huge environmental
problem that have resulted in loss of biodiversity. Most of the terrestrial ecosystems are facing serious
deterioration due to pesticides, heavy metals etc. and our valley is no exception to this. The saffron soils
that are major economic resource of this state are facing serious threats because of heavy. Not only the
quality has degraded but quantity of saffron has drastically reduced. Cement industries has put
tremendous pressure on saffron soils located in pampore area. Intensified use of pesticides, fertilizers etc
which have added a good amount of heavy metals in these soils have put serious impacts on saffron as
well as to these soils Heavy metal analysis has shown clear impact on physic-chemical properties of the
soil. Microbial flora of the area has drastically reduced that has also intensified the problem. Results show
clearly that there decrease in the microbial community as only 17 microbial communities were isolated
from the soil and from control more than 30 microbial communities were isolated. Techniques like
bioremediation has shown promising results for remediating metal affected soils hence microbial strains
can be a good option to look for. We have to educate people about the importance of environment and
the role that humans have to play for their own survival in this lone life supporting planet.

Keywords: Environment, Saffron, Heavy Metal Impact, Degradation, Pesticide, Remediation, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9055180847.
E-mail Address: uqabalibaba@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

326
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Efficient
Mycorrhizal Fungi from Rhizospheric Soil of Taxus
wallichiana Zucc.
Nazish Nazir£1, Azra N Kamili2, M.Y. Zargar3, Durdana Shah4
£1,2,4
Centre of Research for Development ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
SKUAST-K, Shalimar Srinagar, India.
JKSC-553

Abstract

This work was aimed to isolate, characterize and identify efficient mycorrhizal fungi from rhizospheric
soil samples of Taxus wallichiana-an endangered conifer of Kashmir Himalaya for use as bio-inoculants
for improving the growth of T. wallichiana under nursery conditions. The isolation of mycorrhizal fungi
from rhizospheric soil samples was carried out by serial dilution method and the individual fungal colonies
from each sample were selected and sub-cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Rose Bengal Agar
(RBA). A total of eight fungal isolates were isolated during the study and were numbered as FS1 to FS8.
The morphology was studied on the basis of mycelial shape, mycelial colour, margins, surface, elevation,
hyphae, spore, spore shape and conidiophores. All the eight fungal isolates were then screened for various
plant growth promoting (PGP) activities viz., Phosphate solubilization, production of indole acetic acid
(IAA), production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia and catalase activity. The isolates FS2 and FS7
showed the development of the highest phosphate-solubilizing zone and quantitatively they produced
340 µg/l and 387 µg/l inorganic phosphate and produced efficient amount of IAA with the production of
125 µg/ml and 190 µg/ml. The other plant growth promoting activities like HCN, ammonia and catalase
were also shown by these two isolates. Molecular identification of the two isolates (FS2 and FS7) was done
by PCR amplification of 18S rDNA region using primers ITS1 and ITS4. The amplified products were
sequenced from Scigenom, Cochin and the sequences obtained were put to NCBI blast for identification.
On the basis of the percentage identity the two fungal isolates FS2 and FS7 were identified as Penicillium
griseoroseum and Trichoderma harzianum. These efficient isolates may be an integral part of future work
to develop good source of bio-inoculants for the growth and development of T. wallichiana, an endangered
conifer of Kashmir Himalaya under nursery conditions. Isolation and characterization may also provide a
good starting point for the discovery of such beneficial strains.

Keywords: Bioinoculants, HCN, IAA, Penicillium griseoroseum, Taxus wallichiana, Trichoderma harzianum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622618814.
E-mail Address: naazish.zargar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

327
Quantitative Survey of the Fungal Load (Density and Diversity)
of Nigeen Lake
Sameena Sultan£, Ruqaiya Nazir
£
Centre of Research for Development ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-532

Abstract

Fungal communities perform essential functions in biogeochemical cycles. However, knowledge of fungal
community structural changes in lake ecosystems is still very limited. In the present study the fungal
diversity of Nigeen lake was evaluated. The Nigeen Lake is one of the basin of the world famous Dal lake,
situated between 34°6'38.11"N latitude and 74°52'5.73"E longitude. During the study, culture-dependent
and culture-independent methods were employed to investigate fungal distribution and diversity in the
lake. During the present study, out of 40 isolates, 15 isolates were identified belonging to division
Ascomycota. These include Pencillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Candida sp. Pencillium sp. contributed 20%
followed by Aspergillus sp. 15% Pencillium sp. 12.5% and Candida sp. 5% and others were mostly belonging
to the group Mycelia sterilia. The species of genus Aspergillus and Pencillium were mainly found in
polluted lake waters.

Keywords: Fungal Diversity, Nigeen Lake, Ascomycota, Pencillium, Candida.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596153087.
E-mail Address: summijan11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

328
Relation Between Methicillin-Resistance and Biofilm
Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from
Bovine Mastitis Cases
Muneeba Shafi Shah£1, Sabia Qureshi2, Zahid A. Kashoo3, Shakeel A. Wani4, Farhat
Pandit5, Urfeya Mirza6, Sheikh Shubeena7, Muneesa Shafi8
Department of Veterinary Microbiology And Immunology, F.V.Sc &A.H Skuast Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
£1,2,3,4,5
6
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, F.V.Sc &A.H SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
7
Department of Veterinary Extension, F.V.Sc &A.H SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
8
Department of Electrical Engineering, SSM college of Engineering & Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-557

Abstract

Biofilms is an assemblage of microbial cells that is irreversibly associated with a surface and usually
enclosed in a matrix of polysaccharide material. Biofilm associated diseases pose serious health challenges,
resulting in high economic losses. The greatest challenge posed by biofilm is in its incredible ability to
resist most of the currently existing antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one
of the most important nosocomial pathogens and has emerged as a serious threat to public health
worldwide due to their ability of biofilm formation thus decreasing their susceptibility to antibiotics. The
present study was undertaken with the aim to find the prevalence of biofilm formation and antimicrobial
resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Out of 150 bovine mastitis samples, 80(53.33%)
isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained. Screening of S. aureus isolates for methicillin resistant
genes revealed that 20 (25%) isolates were positive for mec A and of these 20 mec A isolates, 20% were
positive for sub type SCC mec I, 35% for SCC mec IV and 50% for SCC mec V. Methicillin resistance of S.
aureus isolates was evaluated both genotypically and phenotypically and it was found that isolates positive
for methicillin resistance genes showed complete resistance towards methicillin and related antibiotics
when tested using antibiotic disc diffusion method. In vitro biofilm formation by congo red assay
correlated well with methicillin resistance and it was found that majority of mec A positive isolates showed
biofilm formation. Thus the threat of MRSA infections results not only due to multidrug resistance but
also due to the ability of bacteria to form strong biofilms.

Keywords: Biofilm, MRSA , mec, Staphylococcus aureus.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715096798.
E-mail Address: muneebashah609@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

329
Screening and Identification of Drug Resistant Clinical
Isolates of Pathogenic Candida
Sajad Ahmad Padder£1, Reiaz Ul Rehman2, Inayatullah Tahir3, Abdul Haseeb Shah4
£1,2,4
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir.
3
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir.
JKSC-1245

Abstract

Despite the advances in preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, frequency of opportunistic
fungal infections have increased dramatically, which in turn is becoming a potent cause of significant
morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Among the current fungal pathogens, Candida
albicans shows the most frequent occurrence, followed by non-albican species (C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis,
C. tropicalis, and C. krusei). These pathogenic species of Candida derive their importance not only from
the severity of their infections but also from their ability to develop resistance against antifungals.
Widespread and prolonged use of azoles has led to the rapid development of the phenomenon of
multidrug resistance (MDR), which poses a major hurdle in antifungal therapy. In the current study, drug
resistance profiling and identification of 42 clinical Candida strains, which were initially identified by
VITEK 2 system was done by determining MIC80 using serial dilution assay. The identity authentication
of the resistant strains was achieved further using HiCandida identification kit, followed by PCR based
molecular identification by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results revealed that
out of total 42 strains, 6 were C. glabrata, 4 were C. albicans, 4 were C. parapsilosis and 28 were C. krusei.
The preliminary drug susceptibility testing using fluconazole (FLC) drug revealed that out of six C.
glabrata isolates, five isolates were resistant to FLC and one isolate was susceptible to it. Similarly, among
the four C. albicans isolates, one showed resistance towards FLC and the rest three were sensitive to it.
Among the four C. parapsilosis isolates, two showed resistance towards FLC and the rest of two were
sensitive to the drug. All of the 28 C. krusei isolates were resistant to fluconazole which generally points
to their intrinsic resistance against this azole drug while all of these isolates were susceptible to polyene,
amphotericin B. The RFLP based molecular identification of drug resistant isolates yielded two bands for
C. glabrata (557, 314 bp) and C. albicans (297, 238 bp), as expected, which thus confirmed their identity.
C. parapsilosis strains identified by conventional methods were not clearly identified by molecular
methods and are being analysed further for identification. Further the drug resistance profiling of the
fluconazole resistant clinical isolates of C. glabrata done by MIC determinations and drug susceptibility
spot assays using different classes of antifungal drugs revealed that they showed cross-resistance to few
other antifungal drugs particularly belonging to azoles.

Keywords: Candida, Multidrug Resistance, RFLP, MIC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006933071.
E-mail Address: sajad993@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

330
Screening of β nitrostyrene Derivatives as Novel Possible
Antifungal Agents
Asiya Ramzan Bhat£1, Sajad Ahmed Paddar2, Inayatullah Tahir3, Reiaz Ul Rehman4,
Peer Abdul Haseeb Shah5
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
£1,2,4,5
3
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1055

Abstract

Fungal infection is the worrying situation that has challenged the medical industry globally. Invasive
fungal infections (IFIS) pose high risk of morbidity and mortality. Candida. albicans, the fungal pathogen
that causes candidiasis, is the most common fungal species causing infection in the hospitalized patients
or immunocompromised people. Although there are many antifungal drugs currently available but fungal
species have developed several strategies to challenge the currently available antifungal drugs, leading to
drug resistance. Due to multiple drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms, the fungal pathogens survive at high
drug concentrations. The main strategies these fungal pathogens have adapted include the formation of
biofilms, transport alterations where genes encoding drug transporters are overexpressed, target
alterations and utilization of compensatory pathways. Therefore, there is a need to develop new and
effective antifungal agents so that the problem of drug resistance is curtailed. The present study was
carried to evaluate the antifungal activity of some novel β-nitrostyrenes derivatives using broth
microdilution assay. These compounds were further screened for synergy of action with commercially
available known antifungal drugs. The nitrostyrene derivatives like SS46 and SS47 in combination with
FLC showed best results at sub inhibitory concentrations against different species of Candida like C.
albicans, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. Furthermore, efflux of fluorescent substrate rhodamine 6G by
ABC transporters CDR1 and PDR5 was inhibited in presence of nitrostyrene derivatives SS46 and SS47,
thus implicating the inhibition of drug efflux mediated by efflux pumps as one possible mechanism of
action of these nitrostyrene derivatives.

Keywords: Multiple drug resistance, Invasive fungal infections, Candidiasis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469057358.
E-mail Address: bhatasiya329@yahoo.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

331
Analysis of Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vips) from Native
Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates of Jammu and Kashmir
Showkat Ahmad Lone£1,2, Abdul Malik3, Jasdeep Chatrath Padaria4
1,2,3
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India.
4
Biotechnology and Climate Change Group, National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NRCPB), New Delhi, India.
JKSC-1683

Abstract

Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) from Bacillus thuringiensis are viable alternatives to the popularly
known crystalline (Cry and Cyt) proteins. Although Vips are far divergent than the Cry proteins in terms
of amino acid sequence identity and mode of action, they have been used for the control of various insect
pests belonging to different orders. Vip1 and Vip2 proteins are toxic against the coleopteran pests while
as Vip3 proteins are effective against lepidopteran pests. In this study, we present distribution and
diversity of vip encoding genes in B. thuringiensis recovered from diverse locations of Jammu and Kashmir.
All the three classes of vips were observed to be present in the isolates. The toxicity of the isolates was
evaluated against an important lepidopteran pest, Helicoverpa armigera. The isolates displayed varying
levels of toxicity agaisnt the pest. Further, a novel vip encoding gene was obtained, which was
subsequently cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. As evidenced by the low LC50 estimates, the
expressed protein showed a significanlty higher toxicity against this notorious pest, hence can be used as
a potential insecticidal protein.

Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis, Vip genes, Helicoverpa armigera.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018259287.
E-mail Address: showkat.microbio@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

332
Antibacterial, Antifungal and Reactive Oxygen Scavenging
Property of Artemisia absinthium
Heerah Eijaz£, Gousia Nissar, Abid Majeed, Bashir A. Lone
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar
JKSC-1696

Abstract

Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of different concentrations of Artemisia absinthium

ranging from 20-100μg/ml were assessed on clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
aureus) and fungal strains (Candida albicans, CDR1GFP, GU4 and GU5) using disc diffusion method for
antibacterial and antifungal activities and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) assay, assay for
antioxidant properties. S. aureus showed highest inhibitory effect with alcoholic extracts and minimum
effect against E. coli. In fungal strains the highest activity was observed against C. albicans with alcoholic
extracts having more IZD value showed it as a better antimicrobial agent. The reactive Oxygen scavenging
property of plant showed concentration-dependent activity leading to the conclusion that Artemisia
absinthium has got a broad spectrum antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and could be a potential
alternative for treating many diseases.

Keywords: Artemisia absinthium, Antimicrobial, antioxidant, crude extracts

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493957509
E-mail Address: heeraheijaz@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

333
Cultivable Soil Bacterial Diversity along an Altitudinal
Gradient in Grassland Habitats of Lower Dachigam National
Park, Kashmir
Hina Mushtaq£1, Arshid Jehangir Bhat1, Mussaraf Hussain Shah1, Bashir Ahmad
Ganai2
1
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, India.
2
Center of Research for Development University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1465

Abstract

The Kashmir Himalayas, nestled within the northwestern region of India, abounds a rich microbial
diversity of great scientific interest and enormous economic potential. Among a variety of soil
microorganisms, bacteria being the most dominant play a fundamental role in the transformation of
energy and matter. However, very little is known about the influence of large-scale factors such as altitude,
biome type, latitude or climatic patterns on the composition of soil bacterial communities. Thus, there is
a dire need to understand at a community level the altitudinal variability of bacterial community structure
and functions as bacterial diversity in soil is crucial for its functioning and health. The present study was
thus aimed to assess the diversity pattern of cultivable soil bacteria along the altitudinal gradient in two
grassland habitats of Dachigam National Park, Kashmir. The soil samples were collected from the
designated study sites using a sterilized soil corer up to a depth of about 20 cm. In order to document
maximum bacterial population and diversity, composite soil samples were made by pooling five soil
samples randomly selected from each site. The soil samples were kept in sterile containers and stored at
4oC until processed. The isolation and characterization of soil bacterial diversity was done using the
standard serial dilution plate count method. Results showed that the cultivable soil bacterial diversity
exhibited a significant altitudinal gradient i.e., the bacterial colony forming units (CFU) were fewer in
higher altitudinal site as compared to the low altitudinal one. From this study, it can be concluded that
the presence of altitudinal gradient influences the diversity of soil bacteria in the study area.

Keywords: Kashmir, Dachigam National Park, Soil, Bacterial Diversity, Altitudinal Gradient.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906536492.
E-mail Address: hina.mushtaq6@ymail com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

334
Exploring Vital Endophytes from Endangered Medicinal
Plants
Sabira Hafiz£1, Azra N Kamili2, Durdana Shah2, Wasifa Noor2, Sabba Yaqoob2
1
Department of Environmental Sciences,,University of Kashmir, India.
2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-688

Abstract

As the mankind flourishes, the rise in infirmities that were not known earlier has also marked up. It has
surged up the demand of modern drugs which have their own benefits as well as after effects. The practice
of using traditional medicine has increased tremendously which in turn poses pressure on the
ethanomedicinal plants as a result of which some of these are on the verge of extinction. In addition,
extinction of these plant species may deprive mankind from the most valuable endophytic mycobiome
which forms significant part of microbial biodiversity and are productive source of phytochemicals and
other secondary metabolites. Endophytes from medicinal plants are a new and plentiful microorganism
source having the special capability to form bioactive compounds. Many vital bioactive compounds having
antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antioxidant and anticancer properties are obtained from the
endophytic microorganisms. The present study will focus on molecular characterization of
mycoendophytic organisms, isolation of bioactive compounds for antimicrobial, anticancerous, anti-
inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-oxidative properties from ethanomedicinal plants and mass cultivation
of endophytic organisms, thus raising the prospect of using such organisms as alternative and sustainable
source of secondary metabolites thereby conserving the vanishing environment of the critically
endangered plants.

Keywords : Endophytes, Medicinal plants, Secondary metabolites.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018330038.
E-mail Address: sabirahafiz116@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

335
Medical and Dental Science
338
A Comparative Study of Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions
Among Offspring of Hypertensive and Normotensive Parents
Nadeema Rafiq Bhat1£, Tauseef Nabi Khushoo2
1
Department Of Physiology, Gmc Srinagar, India.
2
Endocrinology, Skims, Soura,India.
JKSC-1501

Abstract

Background: Hypertension runs in families and parental history of hypertension increases the risk of
developing future hypertension. Altered sympathovagal nervous system is reported in children of
hypertensive parents. To evaluate and compare cardiovascular autonomic functions in offspring of
hypertensive and normotensive parents and to study association of autonomic functions with gender and
Body Mass Index. 150 healthy young male and female students of MMU aged 18 to 25 years, divided into
Group A (FH+) (having family history of hypertension) Group B (offspring normotensive parents). Various
autonomic function tests done were Lying to Standing test, Valsalva manoeuvre, Hand grip test (HGT)
and Cold pressor test (CPT). The mean basal heart rate of Group A was found significantly higher when
compared with Group B. No parasympathetic alteration between two groups was seen. Values of HGT and
CPT were significantly raised for Group A than for Group B, indicating higher sympathetic activity in
offspring of hypertensive parents. Systolic blood pressure(SBP) was more marked for males than females
both before and after the stressors. HGT and CPT revealed that the mean of SBP and DBP before and after
stressors was found significantly very high for prehypertensives than for normotensives. The mean values
of SBP and DBP before and after stressor were significantly higher in obese as compared to normal weight
subjects. Offspring’s of hypertensive parents show increased sympathetic reactivity, with no
parasympathetic modulation in early life as compared to offspring of normotensive parents. The subjects
at high risk in our study are young offspring of hypertensive parents, prehypertensives, male and obese
although being normotensive but have higher susceptibility for development of future hypertension. So
weight reduction and moderate intensity aerobic exercise programme should be incorporated in daily
living, which may delay or prevent the onset of hypertension.

Keywords: Autonomic Function Tests, Lying To Standing Test, Valsalva Manoeuvre, Hand Grip Test (HGT), Cold
Pressor Test (CPT).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494057675.
E-mail Address: dr.nadeema@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

339
EGFR Expression in Colorectal Carcinomas
Fiza Parvez Khan£, Zubaida Rasool, Fazlul Qadir Parray, Subuh Parvez Khan, Nassima
Chanda, Atif Rasool Kawoosa
Pathology, Skims Soura,India.
JKSC-1405

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the expression of EGFR and its association with clinic
pathological parameters in colorectal cancer. Methods: We investigated surgically resected tissue
specimens of 104 colorectal adenocarcinomas received in a period of one and a half year for expression of
EGFR by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). Departmental records were reviewed to set clinical
information.
Results: EGFR expression were detected in 54 (51.2%) patients of 104 patients with colorectal cancer.
Neither age nor sex was correlated with the presence of EGFR. There was a statistically significant
difference in the prevalence of EGFR expression between the early disease group (stage I-II) and the
advanced disease group (stage III-IV) (p=0.000). A statistically significant relationship was also noted
between the presence of EGFR and lymph node status (p=0.03).
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that EGFR expression correlate with histoclinical factors and may
assist in predicting prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Keywords: EGFR, Adenocarcinoma, Ihc, Colon, Rectum.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797166069.
E-mail Address: fiza.parvez5431@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

340
Flavone Glycoside: A Novel Isolation Combats Liver Disorders
Arshed Iqbal Dar.
Govt. Degree College Sumbal Sonawari.
JKSC-386

Abstract

To evaluate the phytochemistry and hepatoprotective potential of the novel flavone glycoside from the
fruit pulp of Feronia limonia L. against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Phytochemical
screening of different extracts was performed by means of % of loss in weight of plant material, ash
content, % yield, TLC, Column chromatography, phytochemical constituents and fluorescence characters
of different extracts etc. Isolation and structural elucidation of the novel flavone glycoside was assessed
by IR, UV and HNMR spectroscopy of the purified fraction of Feronia limonia L. Isolated compound was
assessed for its hepatoprotective potential against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by monitoring
histopathology of the liver tissues and activity levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, total cholesterol
and triglycerides. The compound isolated from the penultimate fraction of the ethanolic extract was novel.
Biochemical investigations (AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, total cholesterol and triglycerides) confirm its
hepatoprotective activity and histopathological investigation of the liver sections further corroborated the
hepatoprotective nature. It can be concluded from this study that the isolated compound is novel and is
hepatoprotective in nature. This compound may be used as a strong constituent for the formulation of
hepatoprotective herbal drug

Keywords: Phytochemistry, Feronia Limonia L., Flavone Glycoside, Paracetamol, 1405epatoprotective, Biochemical,
Histopathological.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906879992.
E-mail Address: drarshediqbal@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

341
Hijama and Health
Asma Afzal Siddiqui
M.D Scholar Ist year Moalijat RRIUM Naseembagh Srinagar,India.
JKSC-540

Abstract

Hijama is an Arabic word which is derived from (al hajam) means to suck or to extract. Hijama is a
bloodletting technique that has been in use as prophylactic or to treat diseases. It is a medical therapy
where the congested and stagnant blood is drawn from the body by using cups, Cups are applied over the
surface of skin by creating vacuum and then scarification is done at the location of cupping to draw blood
from that body part, this process is known as Wet Cupping (Hijama bi’l Sharṭ). The concept of
Hijama is that there occurs discharge of morbid material /pathological substance which releases the
unwanted pressure from these parts and also makes it possible for the good clean and healthy blood to
reach there. Hijama is performed in order to evacuate morbid matter (istefraag), in order to divert the
morbid matter from the diseased part (imala), in order to enhance the blood supply to the affected site.
Hijama is an Islamic healing therapy as well, it is a forgotten sunnah that has been erased from our
valuable history. Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings upon him narrated “if there is something
excellent to be used as a remedy, then it is Hijama. Hijama is an excellent form of preventive and curative
therapy. Hijama has no side effects as long as performed properly.

Keywords: Hijama, Health, Wet cupping, Bloodletting, Istefrag.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596157859.
E-mail Address: asma.siddiqui40@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

342
Hirudotherapy: A Regimental Mode of Treatment in Unani
Medicine
Shiekh Zahoor Ahmad
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine University of Kashmir,India.
JKSC-363

Abstract

Hirudotherapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) or Leech therapy is one the regimental therapy of Unani Medicine in which
medicinal leeches are applied at specific sites on the patient’s body to suck blood for various therapeutic
and prophylactic therapy, it has come to fore that leeches not only suck out blood but inject its saliva
which contains so many purposes. As per Classical Unani literature, Leech therapy is done mainly for
evacuation of Morbid humours (Istefirag-e-akhlat fasidah) or diversion of morbid humors (Amale
mawad). With more research on leech therapeutically active compounds. The leech species used in
medicine belong to the family of Gnathobdellidae. Leeches belonging to the genera Hirudo, Macrobdella,
Haenadipsa are large & strong enough to suck blood from humans. The saliva of Medicinal leeches
contains biologically active ingredients like Hirudin, Hyaluronidase, Calin, Decorsin, Apyrase, Hirustatin,
Destabilase, PAFA, Gelin, Lipase, Histamine like vasodilators, Gaumerin, Piguamerine, Prostaglandins etc.
Indications of leech therapy include: Filariasis, Eczemas, Alopecia, Tinea capitis, Chronic non-healing
ulcers, Cervical lymphadenopathy, Osteoarthritis, Sciatica, Pleurisy, Psoraisis, Acne vulgaris, frost bites,
Chronic skin disease, varicose veins Hemorrhoids, plastic & reconstructive surgeries, Carpal tunnel
syndrome, Hypertension and many more diseases. Contraindications include Haemophilia, Diabetes,
bleeding disorders, immunocompromised patients, Anaemia, pregnancy etc.

Keywords: Hirudotherapy, Amal-e-Taaleeq, Gnathobdellidae, Hirudin, Lipases, Lymphadenopathy, Filairasis, Carpal

tunnel syndrome.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419048318.
E-mail Address: drshiekhzahoor@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

343
Host Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Pulmonary TB in
Kashmiri Population
Muzamil Farooq, Tahira Yousuf, Bilal A Wani, Ifra Mushtaq, Adfar Yousuf, Shazia
Ali, Bilal Rah, Iqra Beigh, Dil Afroze£
Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1632

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a growing public health problem
causing 2 million deaths each year. Several studies have suggested a role for host genetics in TB
susceptibility. Accumulating data suggest that genetic variants of Interferon-γ, IL-10, vitamin D receptor,
TLR-2 & TLR-4 might play a role in determining the susceptibility to or severity of infectious diseases
including TB. This study was aimed to examine the influence of different genotypes of Interferon-γ, IL-10,
vitamin D receptor, TLR-2 & TLR-4 genes on susceptibility to pulmonary TB in Kashmiri Population.
Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP or by Direct Sequencing in 100 TB patients and 50 controls.
In this study, IL-10 AA genotype was observed to be more predominant in TB patients than controls (37%
vs. 4% controls, p=0.005). For TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism the variant genotype/allele was significantly
higher in cases compared to controls (p=0.02). Further, in this study, we found that for TLR-2 (196 for 174
Ins >del) polymorphism, the variant genotype/allele was significantly higher in cases than controls (29%
vs 17%, p=0.02). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the frequency of shorter alleles of GT
microsatellite repeat in cases and controls (p=0.01). In contrast, Vitamin D receptor, Interferon-γ, TLR2 (-
16934 A>T, -1350 T>C, -15607 A>G) polymorphisms were not found to be associated with disease
susceptibility. Thus, our study concludes that polymorphism in IL-10, TLR2 and TLR 4 might play a
significant role in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of pulmonary TB in Kashmiri Population.

Keywords: Pulmonary TB, PCR-RFLP, Polymorphism, Genotyping, Kashmiri Population.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +NA
E-mail Address: afrozedil@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

344
Identification and Evaluation of Human Leukocyte Antigen
(HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 in Celiac Disease
Fizalah Kawoosa£1, Roohi Rasool2, Tahira Sultan3, Mahak Masoodi4, Afaq Hameed
Beigh5, Mushtaq Ahmad6, Zaffar A Shah7, Asif Khurshid Qazi8
Dept. of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences,Srinagar, India.
1,2,,4,5,7,8
3
Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Dept. of Gastroenterology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1013

Abstract

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a commonly occurring food gluten sensitive enteropathy characterized
by small-intestinal mucosal injury and nutrient malabsorption. It is precipitated in genetically susceptible
individuals by the ingestion of wheat gluten and similar proteins of other cereals, inducing an abnormal
immune response. The genetic susceptibility of CD is associated with specific major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) II alleles that encode human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 or HLA DQ8
heterodimers.The present study was aimed at identification and evaluation of HLA “DQ and DQ
heterodimers in human subjects and determination of prevalence of celiac disease in Kashmiri population.
Methodology: A total of sixty random clinical cases comprising of twenty five (25) males and thirty five
(35) females were incorporated in this study. The typing of HLA alleles was carried out by Sequence
Specific Primers (SSP) –PCR. Our results demonstrated that among sixty participants, percentage of
DQ2+/ DQ8+, DQ2+/DQ8-, DQ2-/DQ8+ and DQ2-/ DQ8- were 11.66%, 53.33%, 8.33% and 26.66%.
Moreover, among the twenty five male participants, five were DQ2+/ DQ8+, ten DQ2+/ DQ8-, two DQ2-
/ DQ8+, and eight DQ2-/ DQ8-. Similarly, among thirty five female participants, two were DQ2+/ DQ8+,
twenty two DQ2+/ DQ8-, three DQ2-/ DQ8+, and eight DQ2-/ DQ8-. Furthermore, results also revealed
that among the sixty participants, twelve (20%) participants had low, fourteen (23.33%) participants have
high, eighteen (30%) participants have very high and sixteen (26.67%) participants have no susceptibility
to celiac disease. In gender based study, 28% of the male participants and 45% of the female participants
were having susceptibility to celiac disease. In conclusion, current study indicated that majority of the
individuals among studied participants were susceptible to celiac disease and notably females are more
susceptible as compared to males. Finding of the recent work could possibly aid in better understanding
of the prevalence of CD in Jammu and Kashmir.

keywords : Celiac disease, Human Leukocyte antigen, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gluten.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825066277.
E-mail Address: kawoosafizalah@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

345
Natural History of Pellets Inside Human Body, a Prospective
Observational Study
Azhar Mushtaq£, Zahid Mohammad Rather
Deptt. of Surgery, SMHS Hospital, Govt. Medical College Srinagar,India.
JKSC-833

Abstract

In the modern world violence and trauma is emerging as a new public health problem. Kashmir being a
conflict zone, violence particularly weapon violence is a routine happening in this region. The
introduction of pellet gun as a non-lethal weapon for controlling rioting mobs has posed a serious
challenge to the surgeons in treating pellet victims. The pellets being metallic persist in the human body
unless removed. We performed a study to know the long term physical effects of these metal pellets inside
human body and the need for their removal from the body. The study was performed in a tertiary care
hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar during an episode of civilian unrest in July 2016. A total
of 70 pellet hit patients with X- ray and CT scan documented pellets in parietal soft tissues were enrolled
in our study. After initial stabilization and resuscitation, the patients who were discharged uneventfully
were followed for 1-year period. The follow up was carried at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and at 1 year in
all patients. In a total of 70 patients, majority of patients in our study were in the age group of 20-29 years
with a mean age of 26.5 ± 8.9 years. 61 were males and 9 patients were females. Body parts predominantly
affected by pellets among patients in our study were Torso (64%); Limbs (42%) and face (10%). The main
symptoms noted in our patients were Local pain; Radicular pain; Heating of subcutaneous pellets. We
concluded that such patients need to be kept in follow-up till they become symptom free and the pellets
be removed only if their presence disturbs the daily activities of an individual. Mild local pain can be well
treated by oral low dose analgesics and methylcobalamine and gabapentin therapy.

Keywords: Non lethal weapon,Trauma, Violence.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419490799.
E-mail Address: azharmushtaq82@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

346
Management of Low Back Ache by Wet Cupping
Arsheed Iqbal£, Haider Ali Quraishi
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine,University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-400

Abstract

Low back ache is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting 80% of people at some point in their lives.
It is the most common cause of job-related disability, a leading contributor to missed work, and the second
most common neurological ailment. Wet Cupping (Hijama-Bil-Shurt) is used in the treatment of broad
range of ailments viz Chronic Low back ache, Lumber Spondylosis, Spondylolisthesis, Sciatica & Non
Specific Low back ache. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of Wet Cupping in the management of Low
back ache. The study was conducted at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine Srinagar. Thirty
adult Patients (both Male & Female) diagnosed with Chronic Low back ache were enrolled in the study
with inclusive and exclusive criteria, data collection tools, Patient assessment sheet & Standard diagnostic
criteria were taken in consideration. It has been observed that Wet Cupping therapy is relieving the Low
back ache and allied ailments. In this study no adverse effects were reported from subjects after the
treatment. It is therefore recommended that the said modality of interventional therapy may be employed
for the above said ailments & to overcome the side effects of NSAIDS/Steroids used in the treatment of
Chronic Low back ache & other musculoskeletal disorders in allopathic system of medicine.

Keywords: Low Back Ache, Cupping Therapy, Hijama-Bil-Shurt,Wet Cupping, Musculo Skeletal Disorders.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419078302.
E-mail Address: drarsheediqbal@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

347
Mundij O Mushil Therapy
Ruqaya Qayoom
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine,University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-545

Abstract

In Unani System of medicine Mundij o Mushil therapy is the method of treatment for Amraz- e - Muzmin
(Chronic diseases). In Mundij some particular drugs are given to the patient for a specific period of time
followed by Mushil drugs. The main aim of the therapy is to evacuation or elimination (Istifragh) of
morbid humours (Akhlat Radiyya) from the body. These drugs change the consistency of the morbid
humour and make it suitable for elimination, such drugs are known as Mundijat (concoctive). There are
four humours (Akhlat) and for each Khilt specific concoctive drugs should be used, for specific period of
time. In Unani System of medicine (Akhlat Radiyya) Morbid humours are mainly responsible for the
disease, if they remain stagnant in the body. These drugs eliminate the Akhlat Radiyya (Morbid humours)
from the body. The drugs that are used for Mundij of Khilt Balgham are Muwiz Munaqa (Vitis vinefera
Linn), Badiyan (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Aslisoos muqashar (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), etc. The drugs
that are used for Mundij of Khilt Safra are Aaloobukhara (Prunus Domestica Linn, Gul- e- Banafsha (Violo
odorata Linn), Gul- e- Neelofer (Nymphaea Lotus), Shahtrah (Fumeria), Tukhum kasni, Baikh Kasni
(Cichorium intybus Linn), Gul - e - Surkh (Rosa Damascus Mill) etc. The drugs that are used for Mundij
of Khilt Sauda are Badrenjibooya (Mellina officinalis Linn), Ustukhudus (Lavandula stoechos Linn), etc.
These drugs are followed by Mushil (purgative) drugs to evacuate or eliminate Akhlat Radiyya (Morbid
humours) from the body through rectum. During this process, the frequency of stool is increased by
decreasing the absorption of water in the intestines and by increasing the peristaltic movement or both.
This therapy is used in the management of Wajal e Mafasil (osteoarthritis), Niqris (Gout), Bars (Vitiligo),
Warm Tajawif al Anf Muzmin (chronic Sinusitis), Iltihab e Unuq (Cervical Spondylosis) etc.

Keywords : Mundij, Mushil, Chronic Diseases, Akhlat Raddiya, Morbid Humours.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018374227.
E-mail Address: drruqayaqayoom@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

348
Opioid Substitution Therapy in Opioid Dependence:
Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre of Kashmir India
Yuman Kawoos1£, Yasir Hassan Rather 2, Javed Jeelani3, Mushtaq Ahmad Rather4,
Fouzia Panjabi5
1,2,3,5
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Imhans) Srinagar,India.
4
State Aids control society Srinagar,India.

JKSC-1290

Abstract

Opioid substitution therapy is an evidence-based harm reduction intervention for opiate dependent
persons that replaces illicit drug use with medically prescribed, orally administered opiates such as
buprenorphine. There are currently around 140 facilities in India providing free-of-cost buprenorphine
tablets to thousands of intra-venous drug users. We aimed to study the socio-demographic, clinical profile
and outcome of patients attending the opioid substitution therapy center of Institute of Mental Health
and Neurosciences (IMHANS) Kashmir. It was a hospital based follow-up study which was conducted at
General Community center, IMHANS. Study was conducted from December 2012 to December 2014. A
total of 86 patients aged from 15-60 years were included in our study. Only those patients were included
who consented for opioid substitution treatment. Buprenorphine in the dose of 2 to 16 mg was used for
substitution therapy. To assess the improvement in withdrawals following treatment with buprenorphine,
clinical opioid withdrawal scale was used. Majority of our patients were in the age group 21-30 years
(74.41%) followed by 15-20 years’ age group. Among our patients, 96 percent were males and females
constituted only 4 percent. Maximum number of our patients was unmarried (71%). 54.7 percent patients
belonged to joint families followed by 38.4% living in nuclear families. Majority of the patients were
employed, either full or part-time (71%) followed by 15% of patients who were students, 12% being
unemployed. Among our patients, around 42% were dependent on ‘opioids only and the rest were
dependent on multiple substances including alcohol, cannabis and benzodiazepines. About 98% of our
patients were using intravenous forms of opioids. In almost 33 percent of our patients, co-morbid
psychiatric illness was present. Mean dose of buprenorphine used was 8 mg per day. The mean baseline
score on clinical opioid scale was 11.6. The mean scores reduced to 0.33 on day 6 of treatment which was
clinically significant (p< 0.05). Opioid substitution treatment is an effective therapeutic option available
with us for treating opioid dependence especially in intravenous drug abusers. However further studies
are needed to establish its efficacy vis-Ã -vis antagonist treatments like naltrexone.

keywords : Opioid substitution treatment, Buprenorphine, Intravenous drugs, Dependence, Opioid withdrawal.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419405478.
E-mail Address: yumankawoos@ymail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

349
Recent Advances and Future Prospects in the Application of
Pharmacometabonomics in Personalized Medicine and
Patient Safety
Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-455

Abstract
A host of factors apart from an individual's genetic make-up determine predisposition to disease, adverse or beneficial
effects of drug therapy and disease progression. A major limitation in current approach of the clinical practice is that
the disease phenotype, that includes genotype and other environmental factors, is ignored. Each disease is treated
similarly in spite of the fact that the disease process is highly complex and variable. The notion that all diseases present
and progress in the same manner from patient to patient is becoming increasingly obsolete and redundant owing to
new evidence which shows that the disease process is heterogeneous and that a disease affects different individuals
differently. This uniqueness demands individual drug therapy from patient to patient commonly referred to as
personalized medicine. Methods that take into consideration the interaction of genotype with environmental factors
would possibly be a better indicator of patients' response to drug therapy. Therefore, a combination of the standard
methods of diagnosis with evaluation of metabolomics biomarkers will provide a more personalized approach to
individual patient treatment and also promote a more positive therapeutic outcome by diagnosing not only the
disease but also the disease phenotype. For the development of such a personalized therapeutic approach to be
feasible, diseases need to be defined and characterized at molecular level. Recent developments in high-throughput
technologies like mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy have enabled the identification of biomarkers that
characterize disease sub-phenotypes, thus paving way for the development of new, targeted drugs, potentially
enabling healthcare professionals to provide "the right therapy for the right patient at the right time". The so-called
"-omics" sciences like genomics, transcriptomic, proteomics, metabolomics relies on these very technologies, that
define approaches capable of identifying groups of biomarkers characteristic of a particular disease within the set of
genes, mRNAs, proteins and metabolites of a given organism. Pharmacometabonomics can play an important role in
identifying slow and fast responders as well as non-responders to drugs, avoiding adverse events, and optimizing
therapeutic outcome. This emerging technology has the potential to predict individual response to drug efficacy based
on the pre-dose metabolic profile of the patient thus allowing practice of personalized medicine apart from ensuring
patient safety. This paper reviews several studies involving application of Pharmacometabonomics in conditions like
Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, Rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, Asthma, Cardiovascular
diseases, Diabetes, Metabolic syndrome, Pediatrics, Cystic fibrosis, Cancer etc. Some of the future prospects of
Pharmacometabonomics in disease diagnosis and tailoring drug therapy to individual needs of patients are also
discussed.

Keywords: Pharmacometabonomics, Personalized Medicine, Patient Safety, Therapeutic Outcome.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906673100.
E-mail Address: ishaqgeer@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

350
Regeneration of Necrotic Open Apex Permanent Teeth
Mushtaq Mohammad Bhat
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Government Dental College & Hospital Srinagar,India..
JKSC-1456

Abstract

Treatment of necrotic immature (open apex) permanent teeth has always been and is still a challenge in
endodontics. It is difficult to form an apical seal in teeth with open apices using conventional root canal
treatment modalities. The discontinued development of the root following necrosis of the pulp leads to a
weak root structure with thin dentinal walls, which prone tooth to fracture and early loss of tooth
especially in children and young adults. Unlike traditional treatment alternatives like apexification or
artificial barrier technique, regenerative treatment approach allows for continued root development by
utilizing stem cells, a protein scaffold and a coronal barrier especially using bioactive materials like MTA.
The regenerative treatment starts with chemical disinfection of the root canal using sodium hypochlorite
or other root canal disinfectant without instrumentation followed by application of triple antibiotic pate
as intra-canal medicament usually for three weeks. In the next appointment, intra-canal medicaments are
removed followed by copious irrigation with disinfectant. then bleeding is induced in the root canal so
that apical papilla stem cells can reach the root canal. Next, a protein scaffold and an MTA barrier is placed
in the weeping canal. The protein scaffold and a bioactive material triggers growth factors and stem cells
to form dentin, which not only leads to growth of root which was impossible by earlier treatment
modalities, but also regaining vitality of teeth.

Keywords: Regeneration, Stem cells, Necrotic, MTA, Open apex, Protein Scaffold.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697869189.
E-mail Address: bhatmushtaq7@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

351
Rise of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Kashmir Valley: An Insight
into the Epidemiology of Autoimmune Disease.
Afaq Hameed Beigh£1, Roohi Rasool2, Fayaz Ahmad3, Mahak Masoodi4, Fizalah
Kawoosa5, Zaffar A. Shah6, Asif Khurshid Qazi7
Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar,India.
1,2,4,5,6,7-
3
Department of General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1119

Abstract

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a heritable autosomal dominant form of seronegative Spondyloarthritis

that primarily affects the axial joints. The Characteristic features of Ankylosing include chronic
inflammatory spinal pain, enthesitis and sacroliitis. The interaction between the class I MHC molecule
HLA-B27 and the T cell response is a key to the pathogenesis of AS. AS is associated with HLA-B27 (Human
Leukocyte Antigen -B27) and is a remarkable example of a disease association with a genetic marker.The
present study was aimed to understand the epidemiological scenario of Ankylosing spondylitis in Kashmir
valley. A total of 581 patients were included in the study over the time period of three years (2015-2017).
Among them 339 were males and 242 females. The DNA was extracted by QIAamp kit and HLA-B27 typing
was carried out by Sequence Specific Primers (SSP)-PCR. The agrose gel electrophoresis was utilized to
assess the outcome of sequence specific PCR reaction. Over three (03) years consecutive comparative
study i.e. 2015, 2016 and 2017, HLA-B27 positive males were 8, 17 and 31, and females 04, 04 and 09
respectively. The percentage of HLA-B27 positive male were 5.5%, 10%, 11.52% and female 2.77%, 2.38%
and 1.48% in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Our results established that among 581 patients which were enrolled
over the period of three years, 56 males and 17 female patients were HLA-B27 positive which corresponds
to 9.6% and 2.9% of the total population. The rise in frequency of the disease was 0.08, 0.12 and 0.15 in
2015, 2016 and 2017. Interestingly, our data indicated that males are three times diseased than females
which is in accordance to the latest epidemiological studies. It is noteworthy that since 2015 there is
continuous rise of patients which are screened for HLA B-27 and also there is rise in the frequency of the
disease. The rise in the frequency of the disease gives us clues about the change in allele frequency of
HLAB-27 in the Kashmiri ethnic population which may attribute to random outbreeding, emigration and
immigration.

Keywords: Ankylosing Spondylitis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Epidimology, Allel Frequency.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622625378.
E-mail Address: hameedafaq1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

352
Role of Inflammatory Cytokines and Sudden Life Style Changes
Leads to Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Haamid Bashir£1, Sabhiya Majid2, Rakesh Kumar Koul3, Rabia Hamid4, Inshah Din5
Rabia Farooq6, Showkat Ahmad Bhat7, Akbar Masood8
Department of Biochemistry, Govt Medical College Srinagar,India..
1,2,5,6,7

Department of Medicine, University of Kashmir,India.

3

4,8
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir,India.
JKSC-1231

Abstract
The increasing incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications like obesity and
metabolic syndromes is so much disturbing and is a significant health problem worldwide and putting countries
towards economic burden. Lack of exercise, life style changes (disturbed sleep, stress, depression) and change of
dietary habits leads to T2DM. Growth of economies of developing countries has made financially better livings of
people. Development of branded cafes, restaurants and hotels in towns and cities and people living in these areas
throng these restaurants for lunches and dinners and mainly junk food has been taken in the form of pizzas, burgers,
sandwiches, pastries and biryanis. Which is mainly carbohydrates and fats which may be cause of sudden increase in
T2DM. Due to metabolic overload adipose tissues are in able to engulf all incoming fats leads to fat deposition in
organelles with marked consequences on insulin resistance. The oxidative stress due to excessive ingestion of fats and
other micronutrients without concomitant ingestion of antioxidant-rich foods, may contribute to inflammation and
rise of inflammatory markers. Prolonged low grade inflammation activates innate immune system and leads to
clinical expression of diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In diabetic complications, activation leads to the release of pro-
inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 that block major anabolic cascades
downstream of insulin signaling and thus disrupt insulin homeostasis and action. Cytokines can directly inhibit
insulin receptor signaling by activating c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-beta kinase,
leading to serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates. Inflammatory cytokines not only affect insulin
resistance but may also contribute directly to beta-cell apoptosis and beta cell failure, ultimately leading to type 2
diabetes mellitus. Cytokines also trigger the production of leukocytes, acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive
protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, serum amyloid-A, and haptoglobins. The elevated synthesis of pro-
inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins characterizes the early stages of T2DM and exhibits a graded
increase with the disease progression. To understand inflammatory markers as a biomarker of T2DM need to capture
the interaction between genetic, life style changes and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This
review discusses link between T2DM and inflammatory markers both at serum and genetic level interacting with
innate immune system may serve as a molecular target for prevention or early prediction of T2DM.

keywords : Diabetes Mellitus, Cytokines, Interleukins, Lifestyle, Obesity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797066614.
E-mail Address: haamidb7@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

353
Unani Medicine as an Adjuvant Therapy in Treatment of
Diabetes Mellitus: A Review Study
Haider Ali Quraishi£, Arsheed Iqbal
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-402

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused

by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, causing abnormalities of carbohydrates, proteins & lipid
metabolism and significant & significant disturbance of water and electrolytes. According to WHO the
worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus of was estimated to be 317 million in 2012 and is projected to
rise up to 750 million by the year 2030.India is known to be diabetic capital of the world, with 50.8 million
diabetics. Unani Physicians were very much familiar to the symptoms and complication of the disease.
Ibne Sina in his book Al Qanoon (Canon of Medicine) has described about the symptoms like polydipsia,
polyuria and mentioned gangrene among its complication. Galen suspected that this odd illness was
caused by a kidney complaint (Sue mizajkuliya). In present treatment modalities insulin and various oral
hypoglycemic agents are being used being have some adverse effects and are not capable enough to
combat the complications. Unani System of Medicine deals with several means of treatment like Ilaj bil
Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy) & Ilaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy), that can
be aided as an adjuvant therapy. Where as in Classical Unani literature recommendations of diets along
with various compound formulations and single drugs are being used from ancient time such as , Safoofe
Ziabetus, Qurs Tabasheer, Safoofe Hindi, & Kachnar (Bauhina variegata), Satte Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia),
Tukhme Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Klaonji (Nigella sativa), Tukhme Hyat(Witania coagulans),
Tukhme Karela (Momordica charantia), Chiraita (Swertia chiratyta), Dammu Akhwain (Pterocarpus
marsupium), Lahsun (Allium sativum), Gurmar Booti (Gymnemma sylvester), Talhab (Spirulina
platensis).The effect of these medication is proved to have a hypoglycemic effect and these can be used as
an adjuvant along with the dietotherapyin present scenario to reduce the risk of complications. This
review paper will discuss the potential of Unani treatment as an adjuvant therapy in diabetes mellitus.

Keywords : Hyperglycemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Ilaj Bil Dawa, Ilaj Bil Ghiza (Dietotherapy), Adjuvant Therapy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9540229109.
E-mail Address: drhaiderjamiahamdard@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

354
The Use of Harmonic Scalpel in Head and Neck Surgery; A
Comparative Study
Omar Mohammad Shafi£, Rauf Ahmad
Department of ENT & HNS, GMC Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1123

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the endeavor for advancement of surgical methods the introduction of harmonic
Scalpel provides an exciting opportunity. Surgical procedures routinely undertaken by Head and neck
surgeons provide different areas of concern which can be addressed by harmonic scalpel.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to compare operative time, intra operative and postoperative blood
loss, length of hospital stay and rates of postoperative nerve paresis between conventional surgery and
harmonic scalpel groups
METHOLOGY: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT&HNS from October 2013
to October 2015 after clearance from the ethical committee. Sufficient informed consent was obtained
from the patients in their own language.
RESULTS: In the study group of 115 patients, 59 % of patients were rural in domicile, whereas 41 % were
urban in domicile. Furthermore 65 patients were female and the remainder 50 were male. Out of 84
thyroid procedures, 46 were lobectomies, 22 were total thyroidectomies and 16 total thyroidectomies with
neck dissection Twenty Superficial Parotidectomies. For all our Thyroid gland surgeries with and without
neck dissection combined we recorded an average operative time difference of 16.9 minutes which was
statistically significant.

Keywords : Harmonic Scalpel, Head and Neck Surgery, Blood Loss, Nerve Paresis, Hospital Stay.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622802865.
E-mail Address: omarshafi3@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

355
Implication of Nano Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Falaq Naz£, Ambreen Fatima, Rahul, Yasir Hasan Siddique
Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India.
JKSC-1665

Abstract

Nanotechnology has a great potential in research and clinical applications for neurological disorders.
Because of the limitation of crossing blood brain barrier all medication gets limited access therefore, Nano
medicines are coming up with great revolution. Hence, research has been focused to develop the drug
delivery systems with a prime target of maintaining therapeutic drug levels inside the brain. While
introducing nanotechnology in the field of medicine new objectives are opened to give more benefit with
reduced side effects. At some level, Nano delivery systems are successful in crossing the blood brain barrier
and accessing the targeted areas of the brain.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Neurological disorders, Blood brain, Nano delivery.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: falaqalig@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

356
The Impact of Endocrinal Changes in Progression of
Alzheimer’s Disease
Mir Hilal Ahmad£, Mahino Fatima, Amal C. Mondal
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
JKSC-1666

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, characterized by the
formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. AD treatments have
shown limited efficacy, with no effective cure till date. Recent evidences show the correlation between
endocrinal changes with the incidences of AD, suggesting a relationship between endocrinal
dysregulation with neuronal loss in AD. Dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
which regulate circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones is seen during early phase of the disease.
Similarly, hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis which is regulated by GnRH is a prime factor in the
pathogenesis of AD. Insulin dysregulation and insulin resistance is a risk factor in the onset/progression
of AD disease. We have discussed the changes in HPA, HPG axis, implicated insulin resistance/signaling
and glucose regulation during AD onset/progression. Therefore, simultaneous detection of these
endocrinal markers in the early or pre-symptomatic stage may help in early diagnosis of AD. With these
evidences for implicated endocrinal functions also supports the fact that modulation of endocrinal
pathways themselves can be used as therapeutic targets for AD. Future studies need to determine how
induction or inhibition of endocrinal targets could be used for predictable neuroprotection in AD
therapies

Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease, Neurodegenerative Disorder, Amyloid Plaques, Neurofibrillary Tangles.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9650681763.
E-mail Address: hilalmir6@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

357
Case report of Guillain-Barre’s Syndrome Associated with
Primary Parvovirus B19 Infection
Irfan Gul1£, Shujat Gul2, Asifa Ali3, Malik Suhail4, Manzoor Ahmad Dar5
Registrar medicine GMC Srinagar,India.
1,5

2 Postgraduate student department of medicine GMC Srinagar,India.

3 Registrar dept. of gynae & obs GMC Srinagar,India.
4 Registrar Surgery GMC Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1647

Abstract

Guillian barre syndrome is characterized by rapidly evolving symmetrical weakness with areflexia. It may
be associated with bacterial and viral triggers usually by campylobacter jejune, CMV and HIV. Parvo virus
is not cited as a cause of Guillian barre syndrome. We report a case of 22-year-old male with Areflexic
quadriparesis and severe pancytopenia. Nerve conduction conclusive with acute inflammatory
demyelination polyneuropathy with CSF albumin cytological dissociation. Bone marrow suggestive of
haemophagolymphocytic syndrome. Serum ELISA for parvo virus positive. Patient improved with IVIG
therapy

Keywords : Guillian Barre, Weakness, CMV, HIV, Parvo Virus.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: irfanbeigh33@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

358
Effect of Fluoxetine on Motor Recovery after Acute
Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Randomized Trial
Irfan Ahmad Shah1£, Ravouf Parvaiz Asimi2, Yuman Kawoos 3, Mushtaq A. Wani4
1,2,4
Department of Neurology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College Srinagar ,India.
JKSC-1681

Abstract

Stroke is the second commonest cause of death and fourth leading cause of disability worldwide.
Hemorrhagic stroke constitutes about 7 to 27 % of all strokes but has higher incidence in Kashmir and in
parts of Southeast Asia and China. A few clinical trials have suggested that selective serotonin re-uptake
inhibitors (SSRIs) enhance motor recovery after stroke but no study has been done in hemorrhagic stroke
patients. We therefore aimed to investigate whether fluoxetine, an SSRI would enhance motor recovery
in patients of hemorrhagic stroke. Patients who had hemorrhagic stroke with hemiplegia or hemiparesis
and were aged between 18 years and 80 years were included in this hospital based, double-blind, placebo-
controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio to fluoxetine (20 mg/d, orally) or placebo
for 3 months starting 5-10 days after the onset of stroke. All patients also had routine physiotherapy. The
primary outcome measure was the change on the Fugal Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) between day 0 and
day 90 after the start of the study drug. FMMS is a validated scale with excellent reliability. The study was
approved by the ethical committee of Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. A total of 89 patients
were assigned to fluoxetine (n=45) or placebo (n=44), group, and 84 were finally included in the analysis
(42 vs 42) after 5 patients lost to follow up. The two groups were well balanced in terms of baseline and
demographic characteristics and stroke severity. Mean FMMS score improved significantly greater at day
90 in the fluoxetine group (mean 35.64 points) than in the placebo group (23.60 points); (p =0.001). The
mean change in upper limb score was 23.31 among cases and 14.38 in controls and the difference was
significant. The change in lower limb score (12.33 vs 9.12) was also significant. Use of fluoxetine in patients
of hemorrhagic stroke in early post stroke period added to physiotherapy increased recovery in motor
deficits at 3 months. The results of our study and the review of related studies suggests that at present
fluoxetine and related drugs are the only pharmaceutical agents that may favorably influence the course
of motor recovery after stroke and as such more dedicated research needs to be undertaken in this area.

Keywords: Stroke, Motor Recovery; Fluoxetine; Haemorrhagic Stroke, Hemiparesis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419009329.
E-mail Address: irfanskims@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

359
Pre and Post Treatment Psychiatric Morbidity in Newly
Diagnosed Patients with Hepatitis C-Virus Infection at a
Tertiary Hospital in Northern Part of India (Kashmir)
Rehana Amin£1, Zaid Ahmad Wani2, Nisar Ahmad Shah3, Mohammad Maqbool Dar4,
Shabir Ahmad Dar5
1,2,4,5
Postgraduate Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College Srinagar,India.
3
Postgraduate Department of Gastro-Entereology, Government Medical College Srinagar,India.

JKSC-1682

Abstract

Pre and Post Treatment Psychiatric morbidity in newly diagnosed patients with Hepatitis C-Virus
infection in Kashmir has been presented in the paper. Hepatitis C is a major health issue and is commonly
associated with psychiatric co-morbidity world-wide. The Psychiatric morbidities are common in patients
with chronic Hepatitis with chronic Hepatitis C because of impact of biological mechanisms of viral stigma
of illness, and emotional burden resulting from lifestyle modifications. This indicates the importance of
collaboration between gastroenterologists and psychiatrists to promote the screening of HCV patients for
psychiatric disorders prior to and after anti-viral treatment to improve quality of life by giving proper
psycho- and pharmacotherapy. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate newly diagnosed patients
of Hepatitis C for pre and post Psychiatric Morbidity. Assessment for Psychiatric morbidity has been
carried out in newly diagnosed Hepatitis C patients before start of treatment followed by Four weekly for
a period of one-month treatment. MINI International Neuropsychiatric interview schedule and Plus
(MINI PLUS) has been used for the diagnosis of Psychiatric morbidity. The whole study has been carried
out at Post Graduate Department of Psychiatry, Govt. Medical College Srinagar. From the study it has
been concluded that Mood disorders were common found in Patients with HCV referred for Psychiatric
consultation.

Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, Psychiatric Comorbidity, MINI-PLUS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469892331.
E-mail Address: drrehanaamin2@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

360
Impact of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Induced
Prenatal Stress on Neuronal Development in Neonate Rat
Model of Depression
Mahino Fatima£, Mir Hilal Ahmad, Saurabh Srivastav, Amal Chandra Mondal
School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi,India.
JKSC-1667

Abstract

Prenatal maternal depression has gained attention with regards to both its impact on infant hippocampal
neurogenesis and on pregnancy outcomes in neonates which serve as a risk factor for postnatal depression
in adult offspring’s. There are sufficient evidences in animal models suggesting depression is responsible
for its critical effects in both the mother and offspring. But knowledge void in the area of assessing the
effects of maternal chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on neurogenesis in offspring’s and
expression of some signaling molecules are limited. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect
of maternal CUMS on neonatal brain neurogenesis, signaling pathways and DNA damage in wistar rat
model. Our work resulted in sufficient evidences how maternal psychological distress has widespread
effect on fetal/birth outcomes via major biochemical alteration in tissue antioxidant levels, neurogenesis
and signaling pathways which also provide molecular and cellular mechanisms/insights that regulate
neurodevelopment of the offspring from maternal model of depression. Our Future work include
directional approaches for prevention of PS as well as future treatment for the wellbeing of the mother
and fetus during critical physiological changes. Scientific knowledge in the area of epigenetic processes
like DNA methylation, histone acetylation and regulation of microRNA during prenatally stressed fetal
neurodevelopment has also to be targeted by us with properly defined controls.

Keywords : Prenatal, Offspring’s, Postnatal depression, Hippocampal neurogenesis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9411211236.
E-mail Address: mahinoalig@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

361
Demographic-Clinical Profile of Poisoning Patients in a
Tertiary Care Hospital of Kashmir, North India
Irfan Gul, Shujat Gul, Samia Rasheed
Department of Medicine, GMC, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1648

Abstract

Poisoning is one of the most common medical emergency presenting to the hospitals in developing
countries. Kashmir has high incidence of poisoning cases. There are 3 million acute poisoning cases with
2.2 lac. Deaths occur annually (WHO). Almost 50,000 people die every year from toxic exposure in India.
Aim and Objectives This prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the demographic and
clinical profile of acute poisoning in Kashmir region. The study was conducted from 1/6/17 to 30/12/17
among patients of acute poisoning brought to GMC Srinagar with acute poisoning due to drugs and
chemicals. Cases of Snake bite, insect bite, food poisoning and allergic reaction to drugs were not included
in the study. Data was collected from the hospital records and documented in the pre-structured proforma
for analysis. 330 cases of acute poisoning presented to hospital over period of six months. Female
outnumber male with78.18 % (258 number of cases). Most common poisoning presenting was organo-
phosphate poisoning with 58.78%(n 194), rodenticides 10.54% (n 35) > benzodiazepines 7.87% (n26) >
alcohol 4.84% (n16) > corrosive 4.57% (n15) > petrochemical 2.42% (n8) > Ayurveda 1.81% (n6) > carbon
monoxide 1.51% (n5) > paracetamol 0.90% (n3), levothyroxine 0.9%( n3) and unknown 5.4% (n18). The
highest number of cases were from Pulwama 16.9% (n56), Shopian 15.15% (n 50), Kulgam 13.9%( n 46),
Anantnag 12.7% (n 42), Bandipora 10% (n33), Srinagar 8.4% (n 27), Baramulla 8.48% (n27), Ganderbal 5.8%
(n17), Kupwara 4.8% (n16) and Budgam 4.2% (n14). The most common acute poisoning (60%) presenting
was organo-phosphate compounds from districts of south Kashmir due to ready availability of these
compounds among farmers and lack of education and awareness among farmers about handling of these
compounds. Thus, there should be proper education and laws regarding handling and use of these
compounds.

Keywords : Tertiary Care Hospital of Kashmir, Poisoning Patients, Demographic-Clinical Profile.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: irfanbeigh33@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

362
Molecular Biology
364
Association of Interleukin 7 Receptor (IL7R) Gene Variants
rs6897932 and rs201268331 with Multiple Sclerosis in an
Indian Population: A Preliminary Report
Insha Zahoor Hussaini£1, Ravouf Parvez Asimi2, Ehtishamul Haq3
1,3
Department Of Biotechnology, School Of Biological Sciences, University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department Of Neurology, SKIMS, Srinagar, J&K, India,
JKSC-597

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a long-term neuro-inflammatory demyelinating disease of the nervous system
affecting primarily brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. It is a multigenic condition and appears to be more
prevalent in some ethnic groups than others. As far as its genetic background is concerned, interleukin 7
receptor (IL7R) gene seems to be a potential candidate owing to its role in proper functioning of the
immune system especially in governing autoimmunity. The objective of this study was to investigate the
role of IL7R-A exon 6 polymorphisms rs6897932 and rs201268331 in MS patients from Kashmir region of
India. Blood samples were collected from MS patients and healthy controls from Department of
Neurology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Kashmir, following ethical protocol of the institute. It was followed by
genomic DNA extraction and PCR based amplification of desired regions of IL7R-A gene with help of
newly designed primer sets. The amplified products were later on purified and sequenced commercially
to determine the variation, followed by statistical analysis. The preliminary findings indicated presence of
C to T polymorphisms rs6897932 as well as rs201268331 in most of the MS samples as compared to controls,
strongly suggesting possible role of IL7R-A in MS. Our findings are not conclusive but just preliminary,
indicating possible role of IL7R A rs6897932 and rs201268331 in MS in Kashmir valley of India. However,
nothing can be inferred presently which makes it mandatory to conduct further comprehensive studies
with large sample number of both cases as well as controls from Kashmir.

Keywords: Association study, MS, IL7RA, Kashmir, Polymorphism, Indian population.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797088530.
E-mail Address: inshazahoor11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

365
Cytogenetic Analysis of Congenital Diseases among the Kargil
Ladakh Population
Mohd Murtaza£1, Md Niamat Ali2, Sajjad Hussain3
1,2
Cytogenetics And Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre Of Research For Development, University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1358

Abstract

The human genome project is one of the significant achievements that have provided detailed insight into
our genetic legacy. The genes on chromosomes determine a person’s unique characteristics. Missing or
faulty gene can cause a birth defect. Globally more than 1 of every 5 infants die by congenital abnormalities.
Every year more than 8.14 million children are born with a serious birth defect, due to genetic or
environmental causes. In the developing countries, the burden of birth defects is much higher than in
developed countries. However, in cities congenital malformations and genetic disorders are important
causes of morbidity and mortality. The congenital abnormalities may be due to chromosomal, single-gene
or multi-factorial causes. Factors like alcohol consumption, Rubella, syphilis, insufficient folate in a
women’s diet and iodine deficiency can harm a developing fetus and are responsible for 5-10% of total
birth defects. The other factors responsible for congenital abnormalities include maternal ageing,
consanguineous marriage, high birth rate and late marriage. In this study, reliable data of the background
toll of mortality and disability due to birth defects were monitored and also the data was collected
regarding the types, prevalence, severity and outcome of birth defects. The patients were accepted on the
basis of physical features and 2-3 ml of venous blood was obtained in a labeled sterile heparinized syringe.
A detailed demographic data, clinical history and other relevant information of the patients were also
recorded. The samples of the patients were stored in labeled sterile syringe and then immediately taken
to laboratory. Blood culture and slide preparation of sample was done. Three to four slides were prepared
for each sample. From each sample, around 50 metaphase stages were examined for chromosomal
abnormalities under light microscope. Cytogenetical analysis of sample was done by Karyotyping for the
confirmation of chromosomal abnormalities with the help of Cytovision Version 3.9 software.

Keywords: Congenital abnormalities, Chromosomal defect, Single-gene defect, Multi-factorial gene defect,
Consanguineous marriage.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469695825.
E-mail Address: murtazaalird@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

366
Development of Genetically Encoded FRET based Nanosensor
for the Authentication of Medicinal Plants
Ghazala Ambrin£, Habiba Kausar, Ruphi Naz, Aadil Yousuf Tantray, Altaf, Ahmad
Department Of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University.
JKSC-1426

Abstract

Medicinal plants and their unique active compounds responsible for their healing properties have been
used in medicine and therapeutics since ages. However large scale adulteration and substitution in herbal
medicines has put the world’s health at stake and therefore their proper authentication has become a
necessity. An active compound of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, ajmalicine-a plant alkaloid is
well known as an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure and has also been
reported for its anticancer properties. The present study allows the development of FRET based
nanosensor marker for the authentication of this medicinal plant. A genetically encoded nanosensor has
been developed by sandwiching ajmalicine binding protein between the Fluorescence resonance energy
transfer (FRET) pair, the cyano-Fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow Fluorescent protein (YFP). The
binding protein serves as the sensory domain which upon binding with ajmalicine brings the two
fluorescent moieties closer as a result of the conformational change brought in the sensory domain. This
can lead to altered FRET ratio that could manifest the presence of the alkaloid-ajmalicine in in vitro and
in vivo conditions. Thus, these genetically encoded FRET-based nanosensors can easily validate the
presence of the active compound in the medicinal plant further confirming its authenticity.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Authentication, FRET, Nanosensor.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9760779227.
E-mail Address: ambringhazala@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

367
Evaluation of the Role of Cytokines Produced by T helper
Cells Th1/Th2/Th17 and Treg Paradigm in Recurrent
Miscarriage among Kashmiri Female Population
Shafat Ali£, Md. Niamat Ali
Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research For Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1443

Abstract

Cytokines are polypeptides involved in the control of local and systemic events of the immune response,
inflammatory reactions, healing and haematopoeisis. Successful pregnancy requires a state of immune
homeostasis. Recurrent miscarriage, the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies, affects 1% - 5% of
couples trying to conceive. The reported possible etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion includes
genetic factors, uterine anatomical defects, infection, endocrine, and immunological factors. The vast
majority of early pregnancy losses (50% -60%) are the consequence of chromosomal abnormalities, which
can be of parental origin, or arise de novo in the embryo from parents with normal chromosomes. Uterine
anomalies and chronic endometritis are reportedly found in upto 19% and 10%-27% women with recurrent
spontaneous abortion respectively. The prevalence of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in women
with recurrent spontaneous abortion is generally accepted to be upto 5%-20%. Maternal age and the
number of prior spontaneous miscarriages are also associated with recurrent miscarriages. Etiology
behind approximately 50% of the cases still remains unsolved. However, the chances for a future
successful pregnancy in couples with unexplained recurrent miscarriage could be as high as 50%-70% and
depend mostly on maternal age and the number of previous losses. Unknown causes of miscarriage could
be due to an immune imbalance induced by T-helper Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and regulatory T(Treg) cells.
Recent studies suggested that IL-17 and IL-23 are involved in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent
miscarriage. The study includes two groups of women besides normal and control. Five ml peripheral
blood samples from patients from each group was taken for the study of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines and
IL-17 and IL-23 concentrations by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The elucidation
of the detailed functions of T helper cells and the cytokines they produce might shed some light on the
pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage. Ultimately, most effective therapy for women with unexplained
recurrent miscarriage is prenatal counseling, psychological support and tender care.

Keywords: Recurrent miscarriage, Helper cells, Cytokines, Chronic endometritis, Pregnancy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697625145.
E-mail Address: rahilshafat986@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

368
Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of E3/E3 Genotypes of APO-E
Gene as a Strong Predictor for the Diagnosis of Coronary
Artery Disease
Javeed Ahmad Tantray£
Department of Zology, Usmania university, Hyderabad and Department of Zology, BGSBU, Rajouri, India.
JKSC-822

Abstract

The role of apolipoprotein-E (APO-E) in lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport is a key component
of the lipid metabolism which plays a role in diseases like hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or
cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes, allelic frequencies, gene
expression and methylation related to apolipoprotein E polymorphism in coronary artery disease (CAD)
patients and compare with non-CAD healthy subjects. The APO-E alleles and genotypes were determined
by PCR-RFLP. Gene expression profiles for E3/E3 genotypes were determined using RT-PCR and
methylation status was done using Methyl Specific PCR assay in one hundred patients and equal number
of controls, following Helsinki’s protocol for Ethics committee clearance. Cytogenetic analysis was carried
out on leukocyte culture by karyotype. This case study consisted of unrelated ethnic families who were
residing in South India for at least three generations. The difference was significant for Total cholesterol,
LDL-C, HDL-C and TG when cases of CAD were compared with controls. Four APO-E genotypes (E4/E4,
E3/E3, E3/E4, and E2/E3) were identified with different allele frequency. Among these, E3/E3 genotype
and E3 allele was found to be significantly higher in cases than controls (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.2-0.8, p-value
0.01). mRNA expression of APO-E was up-regulated having E3/E3 genotype in CAD patients in comparison
with control (P = 0.002). Methylation status indicated significant association of E3/E3 genotypes with the
disease. APO-E gene was methylated in 34% and un-methylated in 66% in CAD patients, while 4% was
methylated and 96% was detected un-methylated in control group. E3/E3 genotype was found to be highly
associated with TC, LDL, VLDL and TG and no association was found with HDL in this genotype. All the
patients with E3/E3 genotype had normal karyotype. Different populations studied worldwide showed
inherent variable frequencies of the APO-E alleles and genotypes, with the most frequent allele being E3.
In this study the APO-E genotypes E2/E3/E4 showed variable response to CAD, further, there was a
significant association of E3/E3 genotypes to CAD risk; this genotype can be suggested for diagnosis of
CAD. However chromosomal abnormalities were not found in any genotypes.

Keywords: Apolipoprotein-E, Genotypes, Alleles, Gene Expression, Methylation, Polymorphism, Coronary Artery
Disease (CAD).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491969905.
E-mail Address: javeedh3@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

369
Netrin-UNC5B Pathway Regulates Mitotic Catastrophe that
occurs in Response to PP2A Inhibition
Sameer Ahmed Bhat£, Zarka Sarwar, Irfana Reshi, Qaaifah Gillani, Misbah Shah,
Khalid Majid Fazili, Shaida Andrabi
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1167

Abstract

UNC5B belongs to a unique category of receptors (dependence receptors) that promote alternative cell
fate depending upon ligand availability. UNC5B causes apoptosis in absence of its ligand Netrin-1, whereas
presence of the ligand initiates cell survival. Netrin-1 and UNC5B are deregulated in multiple cancers
including colorectal, neuroblastoma and breast tumors. However, detailed mechanism of Netrin-UNC5B
signaling is not fully understood. We have utilized murine polyoma virus small T antigen (PyST) to
understand the role of Netrin-UNC5B signaling in mitotic catastrophe. Exogenous expression of PyST is
known to promote cell death in U2OS cells by inducing mitotic arrest. Micro-array analysis of these cells
showed that PyST expression up-regulates UNC5B mRNA levels by 4-5 folds. Apart from increasing
UNC5B mRNA expression, PyST stabilizes it at post-translational level as well. The increase in UNC5B
expression occurs as a result of inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Furthermore, increase in
UNC5B levels is independent of p53, a known transcriptional regulator of UNC5B. Interestingly, Netrin-1
expression promotes survival of PyST expressing cells by allowing these cells to evade the mitotic arrest.
Our results reveal important role of Netrin-UNC5B pathway in the regulation of mitotic catastrophe that
occurs as a result of PP2A inhibition. Furthermore, our findings suggest that UNC5B receptor can be a
potential anticancer target in p53 null cancers.

Keywords: UNC5B, PP2A, Netrin-1, PyST, Mitotic catastrophe.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889777725.
E-mail Address: bhsaah@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

370
Non-hierarchical phosphorylations of the translational
repressor eIF4E-Binding Protein 1 (4E-BP1)
Asiya Batool£, Sabreena Aashaq, Khurshid I. Andrabi
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1524

Abstract

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF4E binding protein 4E-BP1 has been ascribed as a major effector of protein
synthesis via regulation of stunning mechanisms articulated in Cap-Dependent Translation, a tightly
controlled process of cooperative ternary complex formation by 4E-BP1, eIF4E and the mRNA 5’methyl
cap, in response to environmental cues like glucose, nutrients and growth factor levels. 4E-BP1 activity is
regulated post-translationally via phosphorylation in a complex manner on a large number of residues
including T37, T46, S65, T70, S83, S101 and S112 that dictate the activation state of 4E-BP1. A sequential
phosphorylation of 4EBp-1 in the order of T37/T46>T70>S65 has been suggested whereby phosphorylation
at T37/46 acts as a priming event for other phosphorylations to occur. Conversely, during ischemia-
reperfusion stress in brain tissues, a novel hierarchical phosphorylation for 4E-BP1 T70>T37/46 has been
speculated. The conundrum of the actual sequence of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation has remained opaque in
understanding. The purpose of this study was to contextualize the relevance of ordered phosphorylations
of 4E-BP1. We generated Raptor null cells to monitor the phosphorylation status of 4E-BP1. Contrary to
the contention that 4E-BP1 phosphorylations occur in a hierarchical manner, we report that there is no
coherence in the phosphorylations of 4E-BP1 to follow any particular order. We unequivocally
demonstrate that 4E-BP1 phosphorylations restricted to T37/T46, T70, S65 occur in an all or none pattern.
This was substantiated by exploiting phosphodeficient 4E-BP1 in a Raptor null background, that exhibited
the recurrence of all other phosphorylations upon phospho-mimicking either one of the four sites to
suggest that phosphorylation dynamics is governed by the conformation state of the protein and not
dictated by hierarchical phosphorylation.

Keywords: Hierarchical, Translation, Phosphorylation, 4E-BP1, eIF4E.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622491711.
E-mail Address: asiyabatool16@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

371
Possible Association of Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-24 Gene
Polymorphism with Psoriasis
Rajinder Kaur1£, Wani Aadil1, Bashir Ahmad Ganai2, Tahseena Akhtar3, Tarun
Narang3
1
Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
2
Centre of Research and Development (CORD) University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
3
Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India.
JKSC-187

Abstract

Psoriasis is a complex, chronic inflammatory skin disease with etiology involving genetic underpinning,
and environmental triggers having seizable negative effects on patient quality of life. Here we describe the
IL-24 gene polymorphism and haplotype analysis in psoriasis susceptibility. Subjects and Methods: 200
psoriatic patients and 200 controls were genotyped for four IL-24 polymorphic sites by ARMS polymerase
chain reaction. Our results demonstrated that polymorphism of IL-24 -418 A/G (adjusted* OR 2.98 ; (95%
CI = 1.09 -8.16 ) , IL-24 1956 G/A (adjusted* OR 4.14 ; (95% CI = 1.16 - 14.28 ) and IL -24 -3728 C/T
(adjusted* OR 17.13 ; (95% CI = 3.67 - 79.88 ) was found to be in association with increased risk of psoriasis
while as IL -24 -2506 G/A (adjusted* OR 0.39 ; (95% CI = 0.12 - 1.25 ) and IL -24 -3735 T/C (adjusted* OR
1.02 ; (95% CI = 0.06 - 18.29 ) was found to be in association with decreased risk of psoriasis . HT8 AATG
(OR 6.08; (95% CI = 1.30 - 28.41 ) haplotype is associated with increased risk of psoriasis. These results
propose that IL-24 polymorphism have considerable role towards the susceptibility of psoriasis in north
Indian population. Elucidating the role of IL-24 cytokine in pathogenesis of psoriasis will prove supportive
for the development of psoriasis management.

Keywords: Cytokine, Polymorphism, IL-24, Psoriasis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825029540.
E-mail Address: rajinderkaur@pbi.ac.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

372
Prolonged Inhibition of mTORC1 facilitates Cross Talk to
Propagate Autophagy
Rabiya Majeed£, Sheikh Tahir Majeed, Ghazia Shah, Shajrul Amin, Khurshid I.
Andrabi
Department of Biochemistry/Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1480

Abstract

Nutrient starvation, stress, or reduced availability of growth factors alarms eukaryotic cells to have them
restrict their metabolic commitments for prolonged survival. An early response to such adjustments
involves inhibition of growth coupled with onset of autophagy to optimize the usage of limited energy
supplies. Autophagy, as a cellular process mobilizing intracellular nutrient resource, plays an important
role in contributing to survival during these growth unfavourable conditions and emerges as a mechanism
to couple autophagy with regulation of cell growth. Among numerous components involved in the
regulation of autophagy and growth, mTORC1 is a key component that co-ordinately regulates the balance
between growth and autophagy in response to cellular physiological conditions and environmental stress.
Despite significant progress in understanding autophagy the mechanism by which mTORC1 regulates
autophagy remains poorly understood. We present evidence that nutrient deficiency manifestation by
way of mTORC1 inhibition facilitates autophagy onset, it however, fails to relate with mTORC1 inhibition
using rapamycin in a time dependent manner. We also show that the activation profile of S6K1 a
downstream effector of mTORC1 presents a paradox to relate its activation rather than inhibition with
onset of autophagy. we also present evidence that prolonged inhibition of mTORC1 may only act as an
impetus for autophagy signals to cross talk with mTORC1 effectors like S6K1 to propagate the process of
autophagy.

Keywords: Autophagy, mTORC1, S6K1, Rapamycin.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797767510.
E-mail Address: rabiamajeed9999@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

373
Proteomic Studies of Haemonchus Contortus and Ostertagia
ostertagi Infecting Sheep of Kashmir Valley
Irfanur Rauf Tak£, Bashir A Ganai, M. Z. Chishti
Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-315

Abstract

Helminth parasitism of food and dairy animals has been responsible for significant economic losses
throughout the world. Although a number of helminth parasites affect ruminants but Haemonchus
contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi are of paramount importance as they affect their hosts in a number of
ways and often result in their death. The aim of the present trial was to do a comparative proteomic
analysis of proteins of both the parasites. Many significant protein bands were found in case of membrane
as well as E/S proteins of both parasites which will play an important role in controlling these two
parasites. Further a comparative 2D-gel electrophoresis analysis of both the study parasites showed 55
prominent protein spots in case of Haemonchus contortus and 32 prominent protein spots in case of
Ostertagia ostertagi. The spots were observed in the pI range of 4-7 and in the molecular weight range of
16 to 250 kDa. Majority of the spots were observed in the pI range of 5.5-7 and in the lower molecular
weight range of 29 to 70 kDa. Further study will focus on the isolation and characterization of the
differentially expressed and common protein spots of the two study parasites. Also mass spectrometric
analysis is needed which will identify the particular proteins and thereby will play an important role in
devising an effective vaccine against these parasites. The present work was a challenging one since only a
little study was conducted in this part of the world and thus obviously was a big task to peep into the field
when very less input was available.

Keywords: Haemonchus conortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Parasites, SDS-PAGE, 2D-PAGE, Western Blotting.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006784769.
E-mail Address: takirfanrauf@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

374
Transgenic Brassica juncea Plants Expressing NPR1 Gene
Confers Disease Resistance to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic
Fungal Pathogens
Sajad Ali1,2£, Zahoor Ahmad Mir3, Anshika Tyagi4, Anita Grover5
National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, India,
1,2,3,4,5
2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1639

Abstract

Brassica juncea is economically important crop which is susceptible to large number of fungal pathogens
and causes huge yield losses across the globe. Alternaria brassicae and Erysiphe cruciferarum are
considered as the most devastating fungal pathogens of B. juncea with no proven source of any resistance.
In this study we have isolated a master regulator gene of salicylic acid (SA), a plant defense signalling
pathway and overexpress in B. juncea for improving disease resistance. In silico analysis revealed that B.
juncea NPR1 was closely related to the NPR1 of other alias of Brassica and the model plant Arabidopsis.
Further, we have successfully developed NPR1 B. juncea transgenic plants using constitutive 35S promoter
and were further confirmed by PCR and southern blotting. Interestingly, there were no phenotypic
differences between NPR1 transgenic and non-transgenic B. juncea plants. Overexpression of NPR1 in B.
juncea increases the transcript levels of defense marker genes or pathogenesis related (PR) genes which
possesses antifungal activity. Based on disease resistant assays, NPR1 transgenic plants showed enhanced
resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens than non-transgenic plants. In future, field
trials will be carried out to further validate the disease resistance of NPR1 B. juncea transgenic plants
against an array of fungal pathogens.

Keywords: : Brassica juncea, NPR1, Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid, Alternaria Blight, Powdery mildew.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 NA.
E-mail Address: sajadali84@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

375
Pharmaceutical Science
378
99DOTS - A New Boon for Tuberculosis Patients
Maqsood Mohd Hurrah£, Nahida Tabassum, Sabeeha Shafi, G.N Bader
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-824

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) accounts for one of the top ten causes of worldwide deaths. As per WHO statistics for
2016, 10.4 million people suffered from TB, and 1.7 million died from the disease (including 0.4 million
people co-infected with HIV). 2.79 million cases of TB have been reported from India. In the past three
years (2014-2016) 799 people have died of TB in J&K state while 28,684 cases have been detected as
reported by a local daily. To brace up the adherence of anti-TB medication, India had also adopted the
internationally recommended Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy under the
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) where patients travel to clinics to take
medication under the observation of a care provider. The prolonged treatment course and unpleasant side
effects of the medication, sometimes makes patients to stop taking medications ultimately leading to the
development of drug resistance. To have a track of patients throughout the course of treatment for taking
medication and missed doses, 99DOTS (Healthcare for the 99%) is an effective and low-cost approach for
monitoring and improving TB medication adherence. It is an Information Communication Technology
that involves the use of simple mobile phones by the patients during the course of treatment enabling
treatment adherence and giving health providers a remote and real-time monitor of when their patients
take or miss any dose of the medication. It can be utilized either as a supplement to existing DOTS
programs, or to enable remote observation of doses administered by patients or their family members.
After taking daily medication, patients make a call to the toll-free number printed behind the pills on the
99DOTS pill envelope, this call gets reflected on the 99DOTS dashboard immediately as a taken dose
yielding high confidence that the dose was “in hand" and has been taken. Through 99DOTS registered
patients receive a series of daily reminders (via SMS and automated calls). Missed doses trigger SMS
notifications to care providers, who follow up with personal, phone-based counseling. Compared to the
current standard of care, 99DOTS reduces patients’ burden, improves the efficiency of care providers and
enables differentiated care.

Keywords: TB, Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), 99DOTS, Medication Adherence, Care
Providers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596545581.
E-mail Address: maqsood.hurrah@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

379
A Haemovigilance Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital,
Guwahati, Northeast India
Mudasir Maqbool£
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-412

Abstract

Blood transfusion is an indispensable component of clinical medicine. Transfusion of Blood and Blood
Components is often required with the objective of improving the blood counts and clinical condition of
the patient. It is an event which carries potential advantages as well as risks to the recipient. Any adverse
event that results in a patient during or after transfusion of blood and blood products and for which no
other cause can be found is called as a transfusion reaction. Purpose of this study was to identify adverse
reactions of blood and blood components transfusion in a tertiary care hospital of Northeast India. This
observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital at Guwahati, Northeast India
for 9 months. All the reactions were clinically evaluated by the blood bank physician. Data on the reported
adverse reactions was collected in Transfusion Reaction Reporting Form (TRRF) for Blood and Blood
Products of Haemovigilance Programme of India (HvPI). A total of 45,200 units of blood and blood
components were transfused to patients and 101 (0.223%) patients encountered with one or more adverse
reactions with blood and blood components. The most commonly occurring adverse reaction was
Hypersensitivity reactions (37.6%). Acute transfusion reactions constitute nearly 99% of all reported
reactions. Whole blood (62.4%) was responsible for the majority of the adverse reactions. The preliminary
haemovigilance data highlight the importance of establishing functional hospital transfusion committees
at institution level.

Keywords: Adverse Reactions, Haemovigilance Programme of India, Hypersensitivity Reactions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797240145.
E-mail Address: bhatmudasir92@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

380
Analytical Quality by Design Approach to Stability Indicating
UPLC-TOF-MS Method Development and Validation for
Estimation of Atazanavir sulfate in Bulk
Chandni Saha£1, N. Vishal Kumar Gupta2, R. S. Chandan3
1,2
Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka

JKSC-702

Abstract

Atazanavir sulfate being a promising anti-HIV drug has been explored for a stability indicating Ultra
performance liquid chromatography-Time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) through
Analytical Quality by Design approach (AQbD). The method’s analytical target profile (ATP) was to
develop accurate precise robust and specific stability indicating method. The critical quality attributes
(CQAs) were identified as the capacity factor (K), theoretical plates (N), and peak tailing (Tf). The critical
method parameters (CMPs) being the organic modifier, flow rate and injection volume that surfaced
through risk assessment studies done using Ishikawa fishbone model and FMEA and initial 8 screening
experiments obtained from fractional factorial design (FFD). The experiments were performed on reverse-
phase Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (1.7 µm, 1 mm X 50 mm) column using 10mM ammonium acetate and
acetonitrile as mobile phase in gradient elution mode. The optimized conditions ratified from
17experimental runs generated by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were 10% organic modifier, 0.45 ml/min
and an injection volume of 6 µl. The conditions were selected based on criteria of lowest capacity factor
(K), highest theoretical plate (N), and least peak tailing (Tf). The optimized peak eluted at 5.19min and
was validated for linearity between concentrations of 10-90 µg/ml of Atazanavir sulfate with a correlation
coefficient (R²) =0.999, accuracy between 99.76% - 101.04% recovery and precision < 2% RSD. A significant
(P < 0.05) method developed through AQbD approach is indicative to be robust by itself. Specificity of the
method was established by force degradation studies using acid, base, thermal, oxidative and photolytic
stress conditions where drug eluted without any interference from degradants or impurities. Atazanavir
sulfate degraded in acid and basic conditions, where as stable in thermal, oxidative and photolytic stress
conditions.

Keywords: Atazanavir Sulfate, Analytical Quality By Design (Aqbd), Mass Spectrometer, Method Validation,UPLC,
Quality By Design (Qbd).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9966776152.
E-mail Address: chandnisaha7@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

381
Antimicrobial Resistance: Finding Newer Agents and Newer
Methods for Averting Antibiotic Apocalypse - A Systematic
Review of Literature
Mudasir Maqbool£, Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir , Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1511

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-increasing serious threat to global public health. Worldwide,
the number of resistant bacteria continues to increase in both humans and animals. Only few new
antibiotics have been developed in the recent past and few are under development at present. The
constant increase in resistance and lack of new treatments are particularly threatening for infections
caused by Gram-negative bacteria. A multifaceted, global effort across all government sectors and society,
to the problem of antimicrobial resistance is needed, that combines effective prevention strategies,
promoting appropriate use of antibiotics, passive surveillance methods and active case-detection besides
a robust, multi-sector research enterprise for development of new anti-microbials. Antimicrobial
resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of
infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. Without effective antibiotics, the success of
major surgery and cancer chemotherapy could be drastically compromised. In 2016, 490 000 people
developed multi-drug resistant tuberculosis globally, and drug resistance is posing enormous difficulties
in the fight against HIV and malaria, as well. Various newer targets for the next generation antimicrobials
for combating drug resistance include mechanisms like, targeting bacterial proteins, targeting virulence
factors, modulating host response pathways etc. Appropriate measures need be taken to minimize the
development and spread of resistance, which will in turn reduce the economic burden on the healthcare
system as well as upon the patients. This systematic review of literature comprehensively looks into the
new research findings related to anti-microbial resistance, development of new antimicrobials, newer
mechanisms and methods to combat anti-microbial resistance and newer modalities of diagnosis and
prevention of anti-microbial resistance.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance, Drug Discovery, Newer Antibiotics, Combating Resistance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796399107.
E-mail Address: bhatmudasir.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

382
Antioxidant Potential of Various Extracts Obtained from
Floral Spikes of Prunella vulgaris
Gazanfar Ahmad£, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi, Nahida Tabassum
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-604

Abstract

The current study was undertaken to investigate antioxidant potential of various extracts obtained from
floral spikes of Prunella vulgaris. Their anti-anti-oxidant activity was confirmed by DPPH radical
scavenging activity, reducing power, total phenol and total flavonoid estimation. Results from antioxidant
activity indicated that all the extracts showed antioxidant potential. However methanol showed maximum
DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power. IC50 for methanolic extract was found equal to 0.225 which
is comparable to that of BHT having IC50 0.112. Determination of flavonoids revealed that methanolic
extract showed the highest amount of flavonoids (24.77±0.23) followed by ethanolic extracts (23.59±0.19),
hydroalcoholic (22.13±0.09) and aqueous extract (16.68±0.10) expressed in term of milligrams of Gallic acid
equivalent per gram of extract. Further methanolic extract showed the highest amount of phenolic
contents (28.41±0.10) followed by ethanolic extracts (25.66±0.18), hydroalcoholic (19.36±0.26) and aqueous
extract (17.53±0.38) expressed in term of milligrams of Gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract. The
reducing power was again concentration dependent with BHT having highest reducing power followed
by methanolic extract, ethanolic extract, hydroalcoholic extract and least for aqueous extract. From the
results it can be concluded that the extracts obtained from floral spikes of Prunella vulgaris possess
significant antioxidant potential. However, methanolic extract showed better antioxidant potential as
compared to other extracts.

Keywords: Prunella vulgaris, Antioxidant Activity, Extracts, DPPH, Total Phenol, Flavonoids, BHT.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797968123.
E-mail Address: gazanfarahmads@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

383
Assessment of Lavatera cashmiriana C. for its Traditional
Folklore Claims
Sheeba Nazir£, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-887

Abstract

The body of existing ethno medical knowledge has led to great developments in health care. Since ages,
traditional plants are used to cure many ailments. This study is an attempt to explore an endemic plant of
Kashmir Himalayas viz. Lavatera cashmiriana C. In folklore, the plant is used in many ailments like
Respiratory disorders, Rheumatism, Kidney pain, as Diuretic, Antiseptic and to treat mumps in children.
In this research work, root of the plant was subjected to extraction via maceration technique. The extracts
viz. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous obtained from the process of extraction were
subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for detection of various phytoconstituents. These
extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity via: DPPH free radical scavenging assay, Reducing power
assay and Nitrous oxide radical inhibition assay. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was also checked
using disc diffusion method against seven selected strains. All the extracts showed good antioxidant
activity in comparison with the standard employed. The extracts particularly methanolic extract is a rich
source of phenolics and exhibited high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The extracts exhibited
appreciable antibacterial and antifungal activity. The present study revealed that the plant may possess a
bunch of potent compounds responsible for the pharmacological activities of the plant. The plant needs
to be explored for such bioactive compounds, because very little literature has been documented for the
plant, irrespective of its immense folklore uses.

Keywords: Lavatera cashmiriana, Traditional Plants, Folklore, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825084912.
E-mail Address: sheebanazir9@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

384
Bio-efficacy of Seeds of Pennisetum typhoides Against Insect
Spodoptera litura Fab: A Novel Approach
Weekar Younis Raja£1, Zulfikar Ali Bhat2, Rashmi Dehariya3, Keyur Panar4, Pooja
Pachurekar5, Tinku Gupta6
1,2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir , Srinagar, India.
Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
3,4,5

6
Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
JKSC-1471

Abstract

The excessive dependence on synthetic chemical pesticides had led to the development of resistance to
insect pest outbreak of secondary pests. Globally, WHO (World Health Organization) estimated for 1992
alone that the pesticides caused health problems in about 1 million people per year with 4,000-
19,000 deaths. Natural insecticides have been used for pest control, offering an effective alternative to
synthetic pesticides. The Pennisetum typhoides belonging to family Poaceae were screened for secondary
metabolite constituents and insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. The phytochemical screening
of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins and
terpenoids in the plant investigated. The aqueous extracts of Pennisetum typhoides obtained by cold
maceration of the plant material were evaluated for their insecticidal action against cell suspension culture
of Spodoptera litura Fabricius. The aqueous extract with 500 ppm and 1000 ppm concentration were used
for screening the insecticidal acitivity of Pennisetum typhoides. The aqueous extract with 1000 ppm
concentration depicted the significant decrease in the number of cells compared with that of control. This
is an ideal eco¬friendly approach for the control of agricultural pest management for Spodoptera litura.
Hence, this plant could be used to develop a new botanical formulation in pest management programme.
Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active constituents from the Seeds of
Pennisetum typhoides.

Keywords: Spodoptera litura, Pennisetum Typhoides, Insecticidal Activity, Botanical Pesticides, Synthetic Pesticides.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: wyraja2000@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

385
Cold Chain Management and its Significance
Mohi Durakshan Durakshan£, Ghulam Hassan Yatoo, Aabid Hussain Kar
Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-983

Abstract

Globally the shipment of drugs and biological products, across the ICH stability zones of the world, from
manufacturer to the consumer/patient the formulations can be subjected to extreme temperatures.
Exposure to extremities of temperatures can result in shortening of shelf life and sometimes deterioration
of the products. The drugs and biological products can get ruined resulting in huge financial losses besides
a potential health hazard for the patient. The cold chain process is an extension of Good Manufacturing
Practice (GMP) which specifies that all drugs and biological products are required to adhere to GDP. The
distribution processes must be validated to ensure negative impact to the safety, efficacy or quality of the
drug substance. As stated in the International Conference on Harmonization document a drug product
should be evaluated under storage conditions (with appropriate tolerances) that test the thermal stability
and if applicable its sensitivity to moisture or potential for solvent loss. The storage conditions and the
lengths of studies chosen should be sufficient to cover storage, shipment, and subsequent use. The Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on stability for the industry notes that adverse shipping and
environmental conditions may affect the product quality and stability. This article will focus on Good
Distribution Practices (GDP) and Good Storage Practices (GSP) which is itself a part of GMP (Good
Manufacturing Practices) and the current Regulatory trend carried worldwide for better patient care and
better economy.

Keywords: ICH, GDP, GMP, GSP.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006191860.
E-mail Address: mohidurakshan@skims.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

386
Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant
Potential of Plant Extractives of Three Different Plants
Saba Sabreen Mir£, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-925

Abstract

All the plants present in world have biologically and physiologically active compounds. These biological
active compounds have a great potential to treat ailments. These compounds can be classified as primary
and secondary phytoconstituents. Primary constituents are involved directly in the growth and
development of plant, while as secondary constituents result from plant metabolism. Chlorophyll, amino
acids, nucleotides, sugars etc. constitute primary constituents while as alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides
etc. form secondary constituents. These bioactive metabolites have varying potentials as antioxidants,
antimicrobials, antilipidemics etc. Also antioxidants hold a great importance as they are a potential source
of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, (Parkinson’s disease, Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s etc.),
metabolic diseases (diabetes type 2, insulin resistance, cardiovascular complications etc.), and cancer etc.
Antioxidants protect our body cells from the ill effects of free radicals. These free radicals are resulted
from metabolic processes in body. Antioxidants cause free radical neutralization that help to evade
complications and resulting diseases due to free radicals. Thus, phytochemicals hold an important role in
pharmaceutical research. Phytoconstituents provide meaningful sources to be positively exploited. These
sources help to discover new entrants in therapeutics. This research work was intented to perform
comparative phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of plant extractives of three different
plants viz, Narcissus tazetta, Nymphaea mexicana and Indigofera heterantha. Various chemical tests as
present in literature were done to do phytochemical screening, and antioxidant studies were done by
DPPH assay, NO assay, Total phenolics and total flavinoids. All the plant extractives showed significant
antioxidant potentials as well as presence of vital phytoconstituents.

Keywords: Phytoconstituent, Bioactive, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidants, Free Radicals.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469411553.
E-mail Address: spiritualesteeem@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

387
Drug Abuse Control, De-addiction and Rehabilitation
Measures Across Several Indian States: A Cross-sectional
Study
Latief Malik£, Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1532

Abstract

There has been a constant increase in drug abuse incidents across India and its ramification on the youth
in particular and society in general are disastrous. Alarming and shocking incidents of drug abuse are
being reported by the medical fraternity, education departments, de-addiction centers, police and parents
from across the country. Reports suggest that the suicidal tendency is on rise among the addicts which is
also evident from daily news reports. Country is losing the most productive age group to this evil. The
need of an hour is to immediately control the problem of drug addiction at the source. Though this
problem is not confined to J&K State or India only, rather it prevails in all the major and minor societies
of the world, yet the major concern is that most of the state governments have so far been ineffective and
insensitive in their efforts to control this problem. It is highly deplorable that no previous government in
the Jammu and Kashmir state has till date taken any concrete steps to control this problem. This cross-
sectional study reviews various policies, measures and actions taken by several state governments across
India towards drug abuse control, de-addiction and rehabilitation of addicts thereby simultaneously
addressing supply reduction, demand reduction and harm-reduction measures. Focus of the review is
upon multipronged efforts by the departments of Health, Education, Excise, Agriculture and Police in
these states towards adequate preventive, curative, educative, control and rehabilitative measures to
tackle the menace of drug abuse in the country. Outcome of this study will accumulate best policies,
practices and measures being undertaken in various Indian states that can be adopted in the state of
Jammu and Kashmir too for countering this menace.

Keywords: Drug Abuse Control, De-addiction, Rehabilitation, Indian States, Jammu And Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797932921.
E-mail Address: latiefmalik@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

388
Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Nasir Nisar£1, M. Maqbool Lone2, Nahida Tabassum1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1151

Abstract

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the worst malignant digestive neoplasms because of its high malignant
potential and poor prognosis. Presently, esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and sixth
leading cause of cancer deaths globally, with the majority of cases occurring in developing countries. The
cancer of esophagus may be of squamous cell carcinoma type (SCC) or adenocarcinoma (AC) type.
Worldwide, 90% of esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma and about 5% are of adenocarcinoma
type. The remaining 5% represent malignancies and metastases from other organs. Both, SCC and AC
show similar manifestations, such as dysphagia being the most common symptom which represents
transmural disease equating to a poor prognosis. Diagnoses made at earlier stages are associated with
better outcomes than those made at later stages. The overall five year survival rate for all patients with
esophageal cancer is no better than mere 20%. The primary treatments for esophageal cancer are surgery,
radiation therapy, chemotherapy and endoscopic treatments. A new type of treatment called targeted
therapy is also being tested in clinical trials. The application of these treatments is dependent on the stage
of the disease at diagnosis, and the treatment objective: cure, prolongation of survival, or palliation of
symptoms. Chemotherapy by itself rarely cures the cancer and is often combined with radiation and
depending on type and stage of cancer it may be given as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant
chemoradiotherapy, or definitive chemoradiotherapy. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with
radiation is also used as palliative therapy to alleviate the symptoms like pain and dysphagia when the
cancer cannot be cured. In this review we discuss the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of
oesophageal cancer.

Keywords: Esophageal Cancer, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596326968.
E-mail Address: nasirnissar26@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

389
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Senecio
laetus Edgew. on Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549) and Colon
Carcinoma (HCT116) Cell Line
Rukhsar Wadoo£, Amreen Naqash, Tabassum Ali, G. N. Bader
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1149

Abstract

Cancer is a group of diseases caused by loss of control of cell cycle associated with abnormal uncontrolled
growth of cells. It is a fatal disease and frequent cause of death in human population. Due to the lack of
widespread and comprehensive methods of early detection, poor prognosis (patients diagnosed in later
stages of the disease) and because of its increasing incidence worldwide, it has become a significant health
problem globally. Indeed, struggle to overcome this disease is one of the greatest challenges of mankind.
Among the most common types of cancers (lung, stomach, colorectal, liver, breast), the most common
cancer diagnosed in men is lung cancer and in women the most common is breast cancer. Various
approaches in the treatment of cancer have been employed and are still in use. Conventional treatment
includes various approaches such as psychosocial support, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Surgery and radiation therapy are used to treat localized cancers, while as chemotherapy is used to treat
metastasized cells as they travel throughout the body in the bloodstream. However, due to the increasing
rate of mortality associated with cancer and adverse or toxic side effects of available cancer treatments,
the research on new anticancer agents derived from nature, especially plants, is being carried out to find
an ideal cure for the deadly disease. Senecio laetus Edgew, locally known as Bagghu (Astraceae),
commonly as cheerful Senecio is an endemic medicinal herb of North western Himalaya and is widely
distrubted in Pakistan, northern and northeast India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, S. W. China at 2400-4000 m.
Traditionally the genus Senecio has many species which have been used in traditional or folk medicine as
single or as an ingredient in over hundreds finished products due to their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
and detoxification effects. Senecio laetus has been traditionally used as medicine for inflammation of
mouth and sore throat. However very little work has been done on other uses of this specieis. Based on
the chemical composition of the plant, the present study was carried out to evaluate the plant for its
antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Cytotoxic potential of the plant was evaluated using A549 and HCT116
cell lines.

Keywords: Cancer, Conventional Treatment Approaches, Senecio Laetus, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494059522.
E-mail Address: rukhsarwadoo@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

390
Evaluation of Prescribing Patterns and Adherence Among
Kashmiri Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Rumaisa Rashid Bhat£1, Mohd Ishaq Geer2, Santosh Kumar Verma3, Fouzia Rashid4,
Mohd Ashraf Ganaie 5
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
1,2,
3
C.T Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
4
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir , Srinagar, India.
5
Department of Endocrinology, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-896

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of
reproductive age. Since there were only a few studies with inconsistent data available in the body of
literature regarding the prescription patterns, efficacy, tolerability and compliance of drugs in patients
with PCOS, both within and outside the J&K state, present study was undertaken to generate some valid
and useful baseline data regarding these parameters. Evaluation of drug utilization and assessment of
prescribing patterns and patient compliance among Kashmiri women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
This was a prospective, observational and cross-sectional study. This study was carried out on Kashmiri
females diagnosed with PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria of 2003, attending Srinagar based hospitals and
clinics over a period of nine months. A total of 123 patients were enrolled in the study. Information was
collected through personal interviews using a pre-validated, self-administered data collection tool. The
prescribing patterns of drugs were evaluated by comparison with Endocrine Society Clinical Practice
Guidelines (2013). Patient adherence to the prescribed medicines was assessed using modified Morisky 8-
Item Medication Adherence Questionnaire (2008). Drugs prescribed to the study patients included oral
contraceptive pills (OCPs) 57(46.34%), insulin sensitizers 75(60.97%), anti-androgen 37(30.08%), anti-
estrogens 1(0.81%), progestins 10(8.13%), dopaminergic agonists 7(5.69%), steroids 2(1.62%) and statins
1(0.81%). 50 (40.65%) patients were highly adherent to their prescribed medications, 41(33.33%) showed a
medium adherence whereas 32 (26.01%) patients were poorly adherent. Moderate compliance with
Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines (2013) by the prescribers was observed during the study.
This study revealed that nature of drugs prescribed to the study population was by and large in
consonance with the established standard guidelines. In most of the cases OCPs were used as a first line
treatment and Metformin as the second line treatment for PCOS. Patient counseling and education is an
important area which needs considerable attention.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Prescribing Patterns, Patient Adherence, Compliance With Guidelines.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713950070.
E-mail Address: Rumaisarashid54@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

391
Evaluation of the Volatile Oil from the Roots of Heracleum
candicans by GC-MS
Nissar Ahmad Dar£1, W.Y. Raja2, Romee Jan3, Z. A. Bhat4
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
1,2,
3
C.T. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
4
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
5
Department of Endocrinology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-840

Abstract

Plant-derived substances have recently become of great interest owing to their versatile applications, the
richest bio-resource of drugs of traditional systems of medicine, modern medicines, nutraceuticals, food
supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drugs.
Heracleum candicans has been reported as a medicinal herb, belonging to Apiaceae family. Heracleum
candicans has been reported to be effective in curing indigestion, sunburn, skin diseases and external
tumors, nerve tonic, and for intestinal parasites. Other uses are for phlegm and wind disorders, earache,
bleeding, leprosy, fever due to wounds, and blood pressure, Leukoderma, menstrual disorders. The
present study analyzed the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) of the volatile oil from the
roots of Heracleum candicans. Hydrodistillation of the finely chopped rhizome of Heracleum candicans
gave volatile oil with yellow color and 3.25% (v/w) yield on fresh weight basis. Qualitative and Quantitative
analysis of the oil was performed by GC & GC/MS which enabled identification of 42 constituents
accounting for 100.00% of the total oil composition. The oil was dominated by the presence of
Sesquiterpenes (Isocaryophillene, Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, Epiglobulol, Globulol)
constituting 81.21% of the total oil composition. The essential oil also contained low percentage of
Monoterpenes (o-Cymene, Benzene, 1-methyl-3(1methylethyl), 1, 3, 8-p-Menthatriene) constituting
12.80%, along with some Diterpenes, Sesterpenes and Troterpenes constituting 5.16%. It has been reported
that the volatile oil of Heracleum candicans possesses a number of pharmacological activities like
antibacterial and antifungal activities, which may be attributed to the presence of these compounds.
Formulations could be developed in the form of ointments, gels or in any other suitable form and the
same could be commercialized in future, keeping in view of its remarkable antimicrobial activity against
a wide range of bacterial and fungal strains.

Keywords: Heracleum candicans, Apiaceae, Fever Due To Wounds, Nerve Tonic, Antimicrobial, GC-MS, Volatile Oil,
Terpenes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796981338.
E-mail Address: rahienisar@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

392
Formulation Designing of GR HBS Capsules of
Hydrochlorothiazide - An Absorption Window Drug
Nisar Ahmad Khan£, Syed Naiem Raza
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-425

Abstract

Objective of the present study was to prepare gastro retentive hydrodynamically balanced capsules (GR
HBS) of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) with the aim to have the gastric retention of the system for longer
periods of time (12h) with sustained/ controlled drug release. HCTZ has a short plasma half-life of 2-4h
and oral bioavailability of approximately 70 %. It is an absorption window drug being absorbed in the
duodenum and proximal portion of jejunum and to a small extent in the stomach as well. Thus gastric
retention of HCTZ can increase its uptake (consequently its bioavailability) by continuous and prolonged
delivery of the drug to the absorption window. Gastro retentive HBS capsules were formulated using
various low density polymers. The formulated capsules were subjected to in vitro floatation and matrix
integrity study in 0.1N HCl using static volume beaker method followed by USP type II dissolution
apparatus at 100rpm. The drug release studies were performed and data fixed into various kinetic models
to ascertain drug release behaviour. GR HBS capsules of hydrochlorothiazide with desired matrix
integrity/ buoyancy were successfully prepared using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and
Eudragit. Results showed that increase in HPMC level increased colloidal gel barrier strength and matrix
integrity besides improved buoyancy. The drug release was successfully modulated using lactose. Lactose
decreased matrix integrity, buoyancy but increased drug release rate. Eudragit was found to improve
matrix integrity and buoyancy of formulations for a period of 12 hour target, with desired drug release
characteristics. 32 factorial design was employed for optimization of HPMC and eudragit levels. F11C
(containing 50mg of HCTZ; 133.33mg HPMC; 63.34 Eudragit and 15.83mg lactose) which released highest
%age (94%) of drug within 12 hours (having optimum matrix integrity, buoyancy) was taken as optimized
formulation. The mechanism of drug release was found to be non-fickian. The study concludes that using
a proper blend of various low-density polymers gastric retention and controlled drug release of absorption
window drugs like HCTZ can be achieved. GR HBS capsules can greatly increase bioavailability besides
improving patient compliance.

Keywords: Gastro-Retentive, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydrodynamically Balanced System, Drug Release.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419017186.
E-mail Address: nakhan2008@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

393
Formulation Development and Characterization of Mouth
Dissolving Films of Losartan Potassium
Syed Naiem Raza£, Aabid Hussain Kar, Nisar Ahmad Khan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-299

Abstract

The main objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving films (FDF) of
Losartan Potassium. Losartan is an anti-hypertensive drug which undergoes extensive first pass
metabolism. Hence in the present work, an attempt has been made to provide fast dissolving drug
delivery; using water soluble polymer with Losartan Potassium as the model drug with the intention of
obtaining better therapeutic efficiency, increasing bioavailability and improving patient compliance. The
Fast dissolving films were formulated by solvent casting technique. Different polymers were screened for
the preparation of Fast dissolving films. Amongst all the polymers screened, HPMC 5cps showed
minimum in vitro disintegration time and maximum tensile strength, compared to other polymers. Hence
was selected for the preparation of films of the drug. Drug loaded films were prepared by 32 factorial
design and the different formulations were then evaluated for different parameters and the best one was
then subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines. Further, FTIR, DSC and UV were used to identify
the drug-excipient interaction.

Keywords: Mouth dissolving films, Losartan Potassium, HPMC, Solvent casting technique, glycerol, Sodium starch
glycolate.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596377432.
E-mail Address: syednaiem369@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

394
Intestinal Carrier Mediated Transport - Consideration in
Development of Gastroretentive Formulations
Taha Umair Wani£, Nisar Ahmad Khan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-778

Abstract

Site specific absorption has great impact on the bioavailability of drugs. Various factors restrict absorption
of a drug to specific regions of GI tract. Such factors are related to the physicochemical properties of the
drug as well as the physiological behaviour and anatomy of gut. While physicochemical properties are
more important when the absorption is passive, in carrier mediated absorption certain other factors play
dominant role e.g. location of drug transporters along the gut. Many drugs show certain endogenous
substance mimicking properties that have specific carriers for absorption in particular regions of GI tract.
Such properties help drugs bind to these transporters making absorption region specific. The specific
narrow absorbing region of a drug in GI tract is known as absorption window. One of the limitations of
site specific absorption is that the development of sustained release formulations for low bioavailability
drugs becomes insignificant and mainly when the absorption window is in the proximal region of GI tract.
In such cases the transit time of the formulation becomes the limiting factor for absorption and retention
of sustained release formulation around the absorption window is quite desirable. Recognition of
absorption site is key to the development of gastroretentive formulations. Hence, identification of
transporters that the drug precisely utilizes for absorption is pivotal for development of gastroretentive
formulations. This review highlights the role of carrier mediated transport in gastrointestinal absorption
of drugs and importance of its consideration while a sustained release gastroretentive formulation is being
developed.

Keywords: Bioavailability, Carrier Transport, Absoprtion Window.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796246202.
E-mail Address: wanitaha.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

395
In-vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Eremurus himalaicus
Baker - An Edible Herb of North Western Himalayas
Ahlam Mushtaq£1, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi2, Adil Farooq Wali3, Bashir Ahmad
Ganai4
1
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAKCOPS, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAS Al-Khaimah, U.A.E.
4
Center of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-812

Abstract

Ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts from the whole plant of Eremurus himalaicus Baker, an
edible herb native to North-Western Himalayas, were assayed for anti-inflammatory activity by
carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema tests. The extracts were
administered orally in both cases; however, the inducer carrageenan was introduced into the sub-plantar
tissue of the rat paw and the inducer croton oil was applied topically on the ear of the mice. In
carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test the activity was measured as percent inhibition from 0 hr to 5 hr
and the highest activity was shown by methanolic extract which was very near to the standard. In the
croton oil-induced mouse ear edema test the activity was expressed in terms of percent inhibition. The
percentage inhibition was calculated in terms of decrease in the ear thickness in comparison to the toxic
group and highest activity was again exhibited by methanolic extract. The aqueous extract also exhibited
good activity, however, the ethyl acetate extract showed much less activity in both carrageenan and croton
oil experiment. In conclusion, it was seen that the plant Eremurus himalaicus has a fairly good anti-
inflammatory potential and can prove to be a promising herb in the treatment of inflammation

Keywords: Eremurus himalaicus Baker, Anti-inflammatory Activity, Rat Paw Edema, Carrageenan, Mice Ear Edema,
Croton Oil.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419017637.
E-mail Address: dr.ahlammushtaq@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

396
Laser Vibrometery as a New PAT Tool in Formulation
Development Research
Abdul Aala Fazli£1, Peter Ouma Okeyo2, Khaoula Khouzami3, Peter Emil Larsen4,
Nisar Ahmad Khan5
1,5
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
3
Department of Physics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
4
Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
JKSC-750

Abstract

Pharmaceutical compounds have the ability to form different solid forms that can influence the physical,
chemical and mechanical properties of a drug. It is vital that there is sufficient knowledge regarding the
thermodynamic landscape of these forms and their transformation mechanisms in different conditions,
because uncontrolled solid form transformations have been shown to be a root-cause of many product
withdrawals. Consequently, these transformations can have an uncontrollable in vivo impact that needs
to be well understood at a molecular level. Hydrate is regarded as the most commonly identified solvate
and at least every third drug compound can form a hydrate. Hydrates can have an impact in the drug
stability, solubility and bioavailability of drug administered to the patient. The aim of this study was to
obtain molecular level insight into the phase transformation of nitrofurantoin monohydrate (NF MH II)
to the stable anhydrous form using a Polytec® vibrometer. The objectives include; identifying the MH form
of nitrofurantoin and carry out single crystal dehydration of NF MH II. Single crystals of nitrofurantoin
monohydrate (NF MH II) were used as a model particle. The MH form of NF was identified using
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction
(XRPD), and compared to the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Single crystal dehydration of NF MH
II was monitored using a Linkam hotstage (2°C/minute) and a Polytec® vibrometer. All solid-state
analytical methods used confirmed the solid-state form of NF to be NF MH II (CSD ref code: HAXBUD).
The first two modes of vibration from NF MH II (doubly clamped beam) were detected at 35.16 kHz and
83.91 kHz. The Polytec® vibrometer could detect the phase transition at around 120 °C for NF MH II. It
was sensitive enough to detect nucleation on particular sites of the single crystal (NF MH II) and
potentially track the metastable anhydrous (alpha) form of nitrofurnatoin. The thermomechanical data
was in agreement with the literature and show the potential to obtain a more detailed understanding
about hydrate-anhydrate phase transformations.

Keywords: Hydrates, Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate, Vibrometer.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419059956.
E-mail Address: aalafazli@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

397
Need for New Drug Entities for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Uzma Farooq Mir£, Gazanfar Ahmad Dar, Aparajita Raina
Prabha Harjilal College of Pharmacy And Paraclinical Sciences, Chak Bhawal, Jammu ,India.
JKSC-1341

Abstract

According to World Health Organization (WHO) neurodegenerative disorders represent a major threat
to human health. Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons including
death of neurons, death of cells. These disorders include Parkinson diseases, Alzheimer’s disease,
Huntingtin's diseases, epilepsy, migraines etc. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that
various types of neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people around the world, including 24
million that suffer from Alzheimer's disease and 326 million who experience migraines. The current
therapy for degenerative disease includes the use of dopaminergic treatments for Parkinson’s disease and
movement disorders, cholinesterase inhibitors for cognitive disorders, antipsychotic drugs for pain and
even the use of deep brain stimulation to stop tremor and refractory movement disorder. But still there is
incomplete cure and it is a challenging task for us, as we have not yet progressed very well. Consequently,
drugs from natural sources, synthetic ones and already established drugs for other diseases are screened
to find out their potential as neuroprotective agents. For example, in one study antidepressant Trazodone
hydrochloride and anticancer compound Dibenzoylmethane were markedly neuroprotective. Similarly,
drug Ionis_HTTRX works by killing off the messenger molecule that is responsible for producing a toxic
protein called Huntingtinh. A number of bioactive molecules have been screened from natural sources
and some of them promising neuroprotective action. These include Huperzine A quinolizidine alkaloid
which is effective in treatment of memory loss, ZT_1 is a pro drug of Huperzine and is derived from plant
extract also used to treat memory disorders, Resveratrol obtained from plants is effective against
alzheimers disease. Bryostatin a marine macrolide lactone and has a capability of enhancing memory.
Crenezumab is a monoclonal antibody to the beta amyloid plaques and is believed to treat Alzheimer's
neuropathology. Gantererumab, an anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibody, has shown high capacity to
remove beta amyloid plaques in brain. BIIBO37 is fully human IgG_1 monoclonal antibody that is being
developed for treatment of alzheimers disease. Bapineuzumab, ELND_005 obtained from natural sources
have activity against neurodegenerative disorders. Naturally derived bioactive compounds can also serve
as lead compounds to generate new agents by structural modification and chemical derivatization.
However due to insufficiency in understanding the exact pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders,
they still present a great challenge. Thus more molecules need to be screened to generate new molecules
having better activity against neurodegenerative disorders...

Keywords: Neurodegenerative Dis-Order, Parkinsons's Diseases, Neuron, Epilepsy Migraine, Alzheimers Disease,
Monoclonal antibody, Beta Amyloid Plaque, Neuroprotective.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9149666675.
E-mail Address: uzmamir121@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

398
New Therapeutic Approaches for Management of Diabetes
Suhail Ahmad Mir£, Syed Umer Farooq, Amreen Naqash, G. N Bader
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-757

Abstract

Diabetes is a major killer disease worldwide and poses a serious threat to mankind. Diabetes is a serious,
chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that
regulates blood glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Over the past
decade, diabetes prevalence has risen faster in low- and middle-income countries than in developed
countries. It is a growing epidemic which has resulted in serious socio-economic crisis around the globe.
Despite the current effective therapies as well as better healthcare facilities available, the disease continues
to burden whole world, especially developing countries where the disease is posing a grim scenario. New
therapeutic approaches need to focus on those patients who do not respond to currently available
treatments like sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones and α-Glucosidase inhibitors.
New drugs which are being developed today are directed towards improving the efficacy of currently
available drugs. Also Clinical investigations of active constituents from plants have revolutionized the
drug discovery and management of diabetes mellitus. Future therapeutic approaches for
treatment/management of the metabolic disorder which will not only provide a symptomatic relief and
take care of resistance cases, but even may cure or prevent the disease are discussed in this review.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, New Approaches, Medication.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797109084.
E-mail Address: suhailmir675@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

399
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for Plant Profiling and
Disease Metabolomics- Fast Tracking Plant Based Drug
Discovery from Kashmir
Mohammad Faizan Bhat£, Reyaz Hassan, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-319

Abstract

The Kashmiri Himalayan is home to over 3000 plant species and sadly, only about 55 of them have been
explored for medicinal properties. This is mostly because the metabolites present in these plants have not
been scientifically investigated, mainly because of the prolonged and cumbersome nature of such analysis.
Furthermore, the effect of these plant metabolites on specific diseases face the same limitations of
complexity and agility. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is not only an invaluable tool in Chemistry
but with proper modifications this powerful tool can also be rendered useful for Plant metabolite profiling
and disease metabolomics; with high fidelity and speed. Metabolite Fingerprinting of plants through NMR
is fast, convenient, and an effective tool for discriminating between groups of related samples and it also
identifies the most important regions of the spectrum for further analysis. After rapid metabolite profiling
of plants, the most prominent constituents can be further evaluated and isolated with more efficient
techniques such as HPLC and LC-MS and then these isolated compounds can be tested for their effect on
diseases through NMR disease metabolomics. This technique has substantial advantage over other
metabolomics techniques, such as; no prior purification is needed, both hydrophilic and lipophilic
metabolites can be detected, quantitative analysis is viable, very fast, requires small sample amount, is
non-invasive/non-destructive and most importantly, reproducible. Overall, NMR is an indispensable tool
and is crucially needed to tap into enormous plant based drug discovery potential of India in general and
Kashmiri Himalaya in particular.

Keywords: NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Drug Discovery, Plant Profiling, Metabolomics, Diseases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596154656.
E-mail Address: mfaizan.bhat.phe14@itbhu.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

400
PEG-4000 v/s PEG-6000: A Combat for Solubility
Enhancement
Khalid Bashir Mir£, Nisar Ahmed Khan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-572

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the comparative effect of two grades of polyethylene glycol, viz. PEG-4000
and PEG-6000 towards the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water souble model
drug, Ofloxacin. The Ofloxacin is a broad spectrum, synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. Solid
dispersions of Ofloxacin were prepared separately with PEG-4000 and PEG-6000 at three drug : carrier
w/w ratios (1:0.5, 1: 1 and 1:1.5) by melting (or Fusion) method. The prepared solid dispersions were first
evaluated for solubility studies and then for in-vitro dissolution rate studies in Phosphate Buffer (Ñ€H
6.8). The cumulative amount (%age) of Ofloxacin released from solid dispersion formulations (FIII and
FVI) during 180 minutes of in-vitro dissolution studies was 69% and 76 % respectively. Also, no interaction
in solid state between the drug and either of the carriers was confirmed by FTIR studies. So from the
results, it was found that no doubt both the carriers has the ability to enhance solubility and thereby
dissolution rate but, the FVI formulation (Ofloxacin and PEG-6000 in the ratio of 1: 1.5) has better potential
in enhancing the solubility and thereby the in-vitro dissolution rate of a poorly water soluble drug,
Ofloxacin than FIII (Ofloxacin and PEG-4000 in the ratio of 1: 1.5)

Keywords: Ofloxacin, Solid Dispersion, Solubility, Dissolution Enhancement.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006193788.
E-mail Address: mirkhalid183@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

401
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Root
Extracts of Inula racemosa Hook
Qurba Firdous£, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi, Mohammad Akbar Dar
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1279

Abstract

Inula racemosa Hook., commonly known as Pushkarmula is a well-documented Indian medicinal plant.
Pushkarmula is one of the herbs mentioned in all Ayurvedic scriptures. It belongs to the family
Asteraceae. A weighed quantity of the powdered drug (roots) were extracted by menstruation using
successive extraction method using solvent systems of increasing polarity (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate,
methanol and water). The percentage yield of the mentioned extracts obtained was 28.73%, 14.18%, 26%
and 29.54% respectively. All the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening. The above extracts
showed the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids,
cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and steroids,
carbohydrates, fats and oils. The presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids have been
associated with various degrees of anti-inflammatory, analgesic (JR Wang et al 2008) and antioxidant
activities (MF Molina et al 2003; MB Gholivand et al 2010). Methanolic and Aqueous extracts were
subjected to antioxidant activity like DPPH Free radical scavenging, Reducing power, Nitric oxide
scavenging, Total flavonoid and Phenolic content. The results indicate that both the extracts firmly
possess strong antioxidant effects. Comparatively the methanolic extract showed more antioxidant
activity than the aqueous extracts. The results obtained from the present study indicates that the Inula
racemosa root extract can be a potential source of natural antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Inula racemosa, Extraction, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622502013.
E-mail Address: qurbafirdous104@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

402
Phytochemical, Toxicological and Antioxidant Studies on
Acorus calamus Linn
Shaista Yousuf£1, Rukhsar Wadoo1, A. Singh2, Amreen Naqash1, G. N. Bader1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Indian Institute of Integrated Medicine(IIM), Jammu, India.
JKSC-960

Abstract

Acorus calamus (Araceae) is a perennial, semiaquatic and smelly plant found in the northern temperate
and subtropical regions of Asia, North America, and Europe. All parts of the plant contain volatile oil
having terpenoids, calamine, calamenol, calamenone, eugenol, camphene, pinene and asaronaldehyde.
The plant is a native of eastern countries and indigenous to the marshes of the mountains of India. It is
cultivated throughout India in the marshy tracts of Kashmir, Shirmaur (Himachal Pradesh), Manipur, and
in Nagahills and in the Koratageretaluka of Karnataka state in peninsular India. The present study was
designed to phytochemically screen of methanolic and hydro-methanolic extracts of Acorus calmus Linn.
and to evaluate them for acute oral toxicity and Antioxidant activity ( both in vivo and in vitro). The
phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenyl propanoids, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes as well
as xanthone glycosides, flavones, lignans, and steroids. Potential toxicity studies revealed that acute
administration of methanolic extract (upto 1000 mg) and hydro-methanolic extract (upto 2500 mg)
respectively in Balb mice did not cause any mortality even after 14 days of administration. No stastical
significant changes in body weight and feed /water consumption were observed. Haematology and
biochemical analysis showed no marked difference in any of the parameters. The extacts were evaluated
for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. In vitro evaluation (by DPPH and ABTS methods) revealed
concentration dependent antioxidant activity of the herb. In vivo antioxidant analysis carried out by SOD
activity and Protein Level estimation also showed a dose dependent increase in superoxidedismutase and
protein Levels.

Keywords: Acorus calamus, Phytochemical Analysis, Acute Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity, DPPH, ABTS, SOD.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419055344.
E-mail Address: gnbader@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

403
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Syed Umer Farooq£, Suhail Ahmad Mir, Amreen Naqash, G. N. Bader
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-763

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by reduced bone mass and strength. Adult bone is continuously
remodeled by osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. It has been recognized as
major public health problem for last two decades. The increasing incidence of fragility fractures such as
vertebral, hip and wrist fractures is associated with osteoporosis. Most of the Currently used
pharmacological therapies aim at reducing bone resorption, but emerging therapies tend to increase bone
mass directly by promoting bone formation. Currently available strong anti-resorptive agents are
bisphosphonates and RANK-L antibody denosumab. Whereas bisphosphonates effect bone mineral
density and fracture peak at around 3-5 years and thereafter become plateaued, those of denosumab are
maintained up to 10 years. Other pharmacological options include calcitonin, selective estrogen receptor
modulators. Sufficient calcium and vitamin D3 are prerequisite for all drug therapies used. New
approaches to pharmacological treatment include development of new drugs with better safety profile
and lack of tolerance, and modifications in the existing drugs especially with regard to tolerance and
dosing. In developed countries intermittent parathyroid hormone injections and/or Strontium ranelate
are used to stimulate bone formation. Cathepsin k inhibitors and modulators of RANK and RANK-L
system are candidates for future treatment of osteoporosis.

Keywords: Osteoporosis, Osteoclastic Bone Resorption, Fragility Fractures, Pharmacological Therapies.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906526092.
E-mail Address: syedumar06@gmail.com.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

404
The Monsters of Medical World: Spurious Drugs - Recent
Advances in their Identification
Zarka Mushtaq£, Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-955

Abstract

Fake or spurious medicines are the inappropriate entities available as pharmaceutical products that
drastically increase the hazards of medicines. Over the past decade or so, the prevalence of counterfeit
and spurious drugs has been increasing exponentially. These drugs not only pose a serious threat to the
public health but also damage the reputation of the pharmaceutical companies. The fight against
counterfeiting needs robust information on their prevalence besides concerted efforts by all stakeholders
to work in unison against this menace. This poster presentation reviews the latest analytical methods used
to check the quality of pharmaceutical formulations. A broad panel of analytical measures are being
employed for the analysis, ranging from simple (chromatography and colorimetry) to more advanced ones
(NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopies). Furthermore, WHO IMPACT
International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce has also brought out several technologies
to identify spurious and counterfeit drugs. All available modalities shall be reviewed.

Keywords: Counterfeit Drugs, Spurious Medicines, Chromatography, NMR Spectroscopy, Mass Spectroscopy,
Colorimetry, Vibrational Frequencies, WHO IMPACT Technologies.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713822994.
E-mail Address: zarkamushtaq07@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

405
Synthesis, Characterisation and Biological Evaluation of Some
Novel β-Ionone Chalcones
Faizana Fayaz£, Dharam Pal Phatak, Sharad Wakode
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DIPSAR, Delhi, India.
JKSC-1118

Abstract

Human beings and other living organisms are susceptible to diseases caused by pathogens: viruses,
bacteria, fungi, protozoa. Many antimicrobial drugs have been developed over time to counter majority
of these deadly diseases: tuberculosis, typhoid, syphilis, leprosy, diphtheria have been brought under
control. Inspite of the development of new and the improvement of existing drugs, it has always remained
a serious challenge to the clinical treatment of infections. In addition, the emergence of antibiotic-
resistant and multi-drug resistant bacteria worsens the situation. In the present study, synthesis of novel
series of β-ionone derivatives incorporating substituted aromatic benzaldehyde derivatives has been
reported. β-Ionone(4-[2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-3-buten-2-one) is a cyclic terpenoid that forms
the basic nucleus of retinoic acid, retinol, β-carotene and vitamin A. β-Ionone and its derivatives are
important intermediates with a trimethylcyclohexane scaffold which can be used as building block in the
design and synthesis of various compounds having wide range of activities. A library of 12 β-Ionone
chalcones were prepared via the Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction of β-ionone with various aromatic
aldehydes, either in absolute ethanol or glacial acetic acid, in the presence of dry HCl. All the synthesized
compounds were characterized by using IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy and ADME studies were conducted.
The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal activity against some gram
positive and gram-negative bacteria and antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods. The
compounds containing electron withdrawing substituents such as flouro and nitro were found to have
promising antibacterial as well as antioxidant activities.

Keywords: Chalcones, β-Ionone, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780807093.
E-mail Address: faizanzzargar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

406
Emulgel: A Novel Approach for Topical Delivery of Celecoxib
Shabnam Kawoosa£, Nisar Ahmed Khan, Rabiah Bashir
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-556

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of emulgel formulation for topical delivery
of celecoxib (CXB), a hydrophobic drug with poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Emulgels are
gellified emulsions that have emerged as a promising drug delivery system for hydrophobic drugs.
Incorporation of emulsion into gel increases its stability and makes it a dual control release system. Due
to its mucoadhesive property, the contact period of medication over the skin is prolonged. Moreover,
emulgels are thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily removable, emollient and non-staining.
Emulgels were prepared employing oleic acid as oil phase, Tween 80 as surfactant, Span 20 as co-
surfactant and HPMCK4M as gelling agent. Optimization was done using 32 factorial design, in which two
variables (concentration of gelling agent and surfactant mixture) were studied at three levels. Total nine
different formulations were developed and evaluated for general appearance, drug content, pH,
spreadability, rheological properties and in vitro release study. All the formulations showed acceptable
physical properties concerning color, homogenicity, consistency, spreadability and pH value. In vitro
release studies revealed that concentration of emulsifying and gelling agents has pronounced effect on
drug release from emulgel. Accelerated stability study of optimized formulations (F7 and F4) was carried
out at 40±2°C and 75±5% RH for 2 months. The results demonstrated that the formulations were stable
with improved drug release from emulgel, retaining their original properties with minor differences after
2 months. The formulated emulgels were efficacious for the delivery of lipophilic and poorly aqueous
soluble drugs such as celecoxib.

Keywords: Celecoxib, Emulgel, Spreadabilty, In Vitro Release Study, Topical Delivery.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051856940.
E-mail Address: kawoosashab93@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

407
In-vitro Anti-Diabetic Activity Guided Isolation of a Novel
Diterpene from Capsella bursa Pastoris
Mohd Akbar Dar£1, Mubashir H. Masoodi1, Showkat R. Mir2, Seema Akbar, Nisar3
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2Phytopharmaceuticals Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
3
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1366

Abstract

Current therapies for type-2 diabetes mellitus have mainly centered on elevating plasma insulin levels
(direct insulin administration or oral agents that promote insulin secretion), improving insulin sensitivity
of tissues, and eventually reducing the rate of carbohydrate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
The established drugs [sulfonylureas, glinides, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists,
metformin, thiazolidinediones] generally target only insulin resistance or beta-cell dysfunction by
increasing insulin secretion or tissue sensitivity to insulin. Post-prandial hyperglycaemic control by
acarbose, voglibose and other congeners is well established. Currently, there is growing interest in herbal
remedies due to the side effects associated with the oral hypoglycemic agents. The goal of this study was
to evaluate the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of hexane, dichloromethane and
chloroform liquid-liquid extract fractions of methanol extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris. The results
revealed that the chloroform fraction of methanol extract showed maximum inhibition of both the
carbohydrate metabolising enzymes (IC50: α-amylase=2.34 and α-glucosidase=3.81) than
dichloromethane fraction which showed moderate inhibition of both enzymes (IC50: α-amylase=4.24 and
α-glucosidase=15.28) and hexane fraction which revealed weak inhibition (IC50: α-amylase=147.57 and α-
glucosidase=133.61) as compared to standard acarbose (IC50: α-amylase=0.42 and α-glucosidase=1.98
mg/mL) at concentration of 5 mg/mL. A new compound 19-hydroxy-cleroda-3, 9(11), 12-trien-18-oic acid
was reported from chloroform LLE fraction which was characterized by using spectroscopic techniques.
Further, these effects need to be confirmed using in-vivo models for their effective utilization as
therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Diabetes Mellitus, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, α-acarbose.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006061719.
E-mail Address: akbardr297@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

408
Microwave Irradiation Method as an Emerging Technology
in Health Care and Pharmacy
Aparajita Raina£, Darshan Kaur
Prabha Harjilal College of Pharmacy and Paraclinical Sciences, Chak Bhawal, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1318

Abstract

The present review highlights the current advancement of microwave technology in pharmaceutical
industry and health care. Microwave-assisted heating under controlled conditions is an invaluable
technology for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery applications as it considerably reduces reaction
times, from days or hours to minutes or even seconds. Microwave is not a form of heat but a form of
energy which manifests as heat through its interaction with materials. The transmission of microwave to
an object results in vibration of molecules by induced or permanent dipoles. Microwave heating of
materials principally occurs due to dipolar and ionic mechanisms. This technology is applicable to
synthesis in medicinal and combinatorial chemistry. In contrast to conventional heating methods it offers
enhanced speed, reproducibility, rapid volumetric heating, no overheating at the surface, energy saving
and low operating cost. The various applications of microwave in pharmaceutical science are microwave
assists drug extraction, chemistry synthesis, drying, sterilization, immunohistochemistry, pharmaceutical
dosage form development and in cancer therapy. The most unfavorable thing about microwaves,
particularly for drug discovery industry, is scalability. It is therefore imperative to conduct research for
the need to scale up synthesis from gram quantities to kilogram to justify the advantages of microwave
for use in processing of drug delivery systems.

Keywords: Microwave, Electromagnetic Radiations, Emerging Technology, Volumetric Heating, Applications,

Pharmaceutical, Health Sector.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596983031.
E-mail Address: aparajitaraina22@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

409
Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases. In vitro Antioxidant
Potential of Bunium persicum (BOISS) B. Fedtsch assayed by
Different Methodologies
Zahida Shah£, Sabeeha Shafi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-769

Abstract

Free radicals are involved in normal physiological functions of human health but excessive production of
free radicals or decrease in antioxidant level leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is well known to be
involved in the pathogenesis of life-style related diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, ischemic diseases and malignancies. The aim of this study was to screen various solvent
extracts of Bunium persicum (BOISS) B.Fedtsch to display potential antioxidant activity. The Antioxidant
potential of methanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts of Bunium persicum (BOISS) B.Fedtsch was
carried out using standard procedures like DPPH assay, Reducing power, total phenols and flavonoids.
Bunium persicum was also subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening tests for various
phytoconstituents. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was observed to be maximum for methanolic
extract among three extracts tested it was 68.78 and 64.24 mg GAE/g. The IC50 value of methanolic extract
of DPPH radical scavenging assay is 112.377 µg/ml which is comparatively significant than aqueous(IC50
255.4 µg/ml) and chloroform(IC50 353.73 µg/ml) extracts when compared to standard(IC50 192.09 µg/ml).
Methanolic, Aqueous and Chloroform extracts showed a good reducing power activity, however reducing
ability of Methanolic extract is comparatively better than that of aqueous and Chloroform extracts as well
as Standard Ascorbic acid. The NO radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract (IC50 224.51 µg/ml)
was comparatively higher than aqueous (IC50 339.71 µg/ml) and chloroform extracts (IC50 350 µg/ml) as
well as standard Ascorbic acid (147.03 µg/ml). Bunium persicum showed high amount of phenolics and
flavonoids which corresponds to its excellent antioxidant activity as determined by DPPH radical
scavenging, reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Preliminary phytochemical screening
revealed the presence of various bioactive components like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides,
phenol, saponin, terpenoids and tannin. The potential pharmacological activity might be due to the
presence of phytochemicals present in seeds.

Keywords: Bunium persicum, Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant, Phytochemicals.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906678582.
E-mail Address: zahidashah117@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

410
Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in-vitro
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Aerial Parts of
Ajuga bracteosa wall ex. Benth
Tabasum Ali£, G.N. Bader, Rabiah Bashir
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-546

Abstract

Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex. Benth from Kashmir region was analyzed for its bioactive constituents and
pharmacological activities. Therapeutic values of medicinal and aromatic plants are due to presence of
major bioactive constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenolics, terpenes,
saponins, steroids etc. These phytochemical constituents bestow them with medicinal properties. The
title plant is used for the treatment of gout, rheumatism, palsy, jaundice, hypertension, sore throat (1),
blood purifier and as antihelmentic (2). Locally, the leaves are used to cure headache, pimples, measles,
stomach acidity, burns and boils (3). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of two extracts of
aerial parts of Ajuga bracteosa (methanolic and aqueous) was determined by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-
hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, nitrous oxide assay and ferric reducing power test. In DPPH and nitrous oxide
assays, the methanol extracts showed highest antioxidant activity with the percent inhibition values of
78.9%±0.086 and 73.08%±0.248 at 500¼g/ml respectively. The extracts reduced Fe3+ ferricyanide
complex to ferrous form (Fe2+). The reducing power exhibited by methanol extract at 500µg/ml was 0.933
as compared to 0.987 by ascorbic acid (used as standard) at the same concentration. In vitro anti-
inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization and
proteinase inhibition assay. Both Methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory activity.
In, Albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization and proteinase inhibition assay the methanol
extracts showed highest antiinflammatory activity with the percent inhibition values of 72.98%, 72.40%
and 78.10% at 500¼g/ml respectively. The phytochemical investigation of both extracts showed the
presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, carbohydrates,
fats and oils.

Keywords: Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant Activity, Anti-inflammatory Activity, DPPH Method, Membrane
Stabilization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622792612.
E-mail Address: tabu125101@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

411
Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory and
Analgesic Studies on Swertia Tetragona Edgew
Insha Mushtaq, G.N. Bader£, Amreen Naqash, Prince Ahad Mir
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-912

Abstract

To evaluate whole plant extracts of Swertia tetragona Edgew for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and
analgesic activity. Hydroacholic extract of powdered S. tetragona Edgew whole plant was prepared by
Soxhlet apparatus using Ethanol: Water in a ratio of 80:20. The aqueous extract was prepared using cold
maceration technique. The phytochemically analysis, HPTLC fingerprinting and pharmacological
evaluation were carried out using standard procedures. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of
alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, saponins and sterols. The phytochemical analysis was supported by HPTLC
fingerprinting, which showed 12 peaks representing the phytochemical constituents present. The
pharmacological evaluation revealed that both extracts possess good anti-inflammatory activity (depicted
by % inhibition of inflammation by 70.00%, 72.10% and 74.07% for hydro-alcoholic extract and 56.00%,
59.00% and 66.66% for aqueous extract. The standard aceclofenac decreased inflammation by 62.00%,
64.05% and 66.66% under identical experimental conditions 1,2 and 3 hours post treatment) and analgesic
activity (depicted by delay in reaction time in seconds by 8.5, 9 and 8.7 by hydro-alcoholic extract; 8.1, 7.8
and 7.5 by aqueous extract). Under identical experimental conditions standard aceclofenac delayed
reaction time by 9.5, 9.5 and 8.5 seconds when tested by tail flick, tail clip and hot plate methods
respectively. The antibacterial evaluation revealed that hydro-alcoholic extract exhibited antibacterial
potential, which was more for gram-positive bacteria than gram negative. Both extracts of S. tetragona
Edgew have anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. However, antibacterial potential was only shown
by hydroalcoholic extract.

Keywords: Swertia tetragona, Phytochemical Analysis, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Analgesic Activity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419055344.
E-mail Address: gnbader@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

412
Plants as Potential Source of Anticholinesterase Agents
Saba Sabreen Mir£, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1009

Abstract

Plants have been used to treat various ailments as early as human civilizations emerged. About 25% of the
drugs prescribed worldwide come from plants, and such 121 active compounds are in current use. Nature
has diverse biological and chemical sources. The characteristic and complex structures of natural products
cannot be synthesized easily. Plants find their use extensively in traditional schools of medicine. The
present work reviews the literature on plants and plant-derived compounds inhibitors of enzyme
acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase, present in various tissues, including muscle and red cells, is an
enzyme that functions to terminate action of Ach at the junction of various cholinergic nerve endings
with their effector organs or post synaptic sites. Drugs inhibiting Ache are termed Anti-Ache agents. These
being irreversible, reversible and pseudo-irreversible. Reversible and pseudo irreversible Anti-Che agents
are our point of focus as these lead to accumulation of Ach near cholinergic nerve terminals. This serves
to produce similar effect corresponding to excessive stimulation of cholinergic receptors throughout CNS
and PNS. Anti-Ache agents have found potential use in treatment for Paralytic ileus, glaucoma, antidote
for anticholinergic poisoning, myasthenia gravis, Alzhiemer’s disease etc. consequently, researchers are
working to find potential sources for anti-che agents from plants. Various inhibitors have been isolated
from medicinal plants. Huperzine A (5) is a natural compound first isolated from Chinese medicine
Huperzia serrata (Thumb.) in 1986, is a potent, reversible and selective inhibitor of AChE. The other chief
plant families with such potential are Amaryllidaceae, Buxaceae, Labiatae, Apocyanaceae etc. Plants
therefore are a potential source of Anti-Che agents.

Keywords: Cholinesterase Enzyme, Anticholinesterase Agents, Cholinergic.

£Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469411553.

E-mail Address: spiritualesteeem@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

413
Immunomodulation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Tinospora
cordifolia (Guduchi): A Review
Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh£, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-976

Abstract

Cancer is still a challenge before the world. Whatever chemotherapy is available for it, that is associated
with serious side effects. In the last decade, a global upsurge in the use of traditional medicine (TM)
and complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) was seen in both the developing and developed
countries. So, scientists all over the world are concentrating on the herbs to find a permanent solution to
cancer. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), also named as ‘heavenly elixir’ is one of such promising herbs. It
is one of the most versatile herbs, widely used as a traditional medicine and finds mention in
various classical texts of Indian Medicinal Systems. Since time immemorial, it has been used against
ailments like spasms, inflammation, arthritis, skin diseases, urinary tract infections, jaundice,
cardiotoxicity, immunsuppression, allergy and diabetes. It is indigenous to the tropical areas of India, Sri
Lanka and Myanmar. Our present study in this review encompasses the anticancer and immuno-
modulatory activities of Tinospora cordifolia. Because of having free radical scavenging capacity, it
decreases oxidative stress by increasing glutathione & other anti-oxidant enzyme and down regulates
the pro-inflammatory cytokines. It stimulates helper T cellular immune, innate immune response
and develops antigen specific immunity. It also increases the acetylcholine which is responsible for
enhancing the cognitive function. Additionally, it inhibits cell proliferation, differentiation and induces
apoptosis. The future scope of the review remains in exploiting the biochemical and signaling pathways
affected by those compounds which are isolated from Tinospora cordifolia, so as to enable the new and
effective formulation to eradicate the cancer from the grass root level.

Keywords: Tinospora cordifolia, Anti-cancer, Immuno-modulatory, Immunity, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9086678087.
E-mail Address: mekhursheedsheikh@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

414
Therapeutic Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract on
GLP-1 secretagogues in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects
Gulzar Ahmad Bhat£, Poonam Sharma, Rambir Singh
Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India.
JKSC-1485

Abstract

Traditionally Trigonella foenum-graecum L. was used in gastritis, to increase milk flow, gastric ulcers,
kidney problems, cervical and breast cancer prevention of diabetes etc. The aerial parts of plant are
remedy for abdominal cramps associated with menstrual pain, labour pains and diarrhoea or
gastroenteritis. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Aqueous Extract of Trigonella foenum-
graecum (AETFG) on fasting blood glucose, tissue glycogen, glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma
concentrations of insulin and GLP-1 in healthy and diabetic subjects. Both normal and diabetic Male
Wistar rats were treated with Aqueous Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum by gavaging (300mg/kg for
28 days). Acute study of GLP-1 and serum insulin was done from blood serum in single dose administration
of TFG. The blood was taken from tail vein at the interval of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60mins, whereas the
sub-chronic study was done by same procedure after 28 days administration of plant. Aqueous extract of
Trigonella foenum-graecum increases tissue glycogen, serum insulin and GLP-1 with non-significantly
(P>0.05) in normal, but significantly (P0.05) decrease in FBG and Glycosylated haemoglobin was found in
normal and decreases significantly.

Keywords: Aqueous Extract, Gastritis, GLP-1, Glycosylated Haemoglobin, Wistar Rats.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298783202.
E-mail Address: bhatgulzar26@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

415
Newer Dimensions and Recent Advances in Establishment of
Linkages Between Insulin Resistance and the Etiology of
Common Metabolic and Degenerative Disorders: A
Systematic Review of Literature
Rumaisa Rashid£, Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1506

Abstract

Insulin Resistance (IR) is a disorder in which there is a malfunction in the insulin mediated glucose uptake
particularly in muscles, adipose tissues and liver. It is considered to be a major risk factor of obesity,
diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). IR is also believed to play a primary role in the pathogenesis
of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, fatty liver disease, and Type-II diabetes that are together known as
‘metabolic syndrome’. Insulin resistance is important not only because it describes the possible etiology
of Type-II diabetes, it is also one of the therapeutic targets in hyperglycemia. Current body of evidence
indicates that the link between diabetes and essential hypertension could be hyperinsulinemia. Insulin
resistance and hyperinsulinemia are also associated with an atherogenic plasma lipid profile. Resistance
to insulin triggered glucose uptake is significantly correlated with resistance to insulin suppression of
plasma FFA (free fatty acid) concentration. Elevated plasma insulin concentrations also increase very-low-
density-lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis, leading to hypertriglyceridemia. This paper collects and correlates
evidence from a systematic review of literature in order to shed some light upon the newer dimensions
and recent advances in establishment of linkages between insulin resistance and the etiology of common
metabolic and degenerative disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, fatty liver disease, lipid
abnormalities and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in light of the fact that insulin resistance appears
to be a syndrome that is associated with a clustering of metabolic disorders.

Keywords: Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension, Atheroseclerotic Study.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713950070.
E-mail Address: Rumaisarashid54@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

416
Recent Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial Agents
Mudasir Maqbool£, Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-908

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global threat. There is a global menace of antibiotic resistant ‘super
bug’, though the extent and the severity of the problem varies. Resistance hampers therapeutic options
and drives clinicians to use newer and more expensive drugs. In serious cases, multi-resistance provides
no treatment options. To overcome resistance, a continuous supply of new antibiotics offers an obvious
way; but the pipeline of agents in development by the Pharmaceutical industry is very limited. There is an
ever-evolving need to develop and evaluate newer alternative strategies for countering a worsening
clinical situation to overcome resistance and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with
infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The widespread distribution of Antimicrobial resistance
has not been paralleled by the development of newer antimicrobials. This happens due to the process of
drug discovery and clinical trials of new antimicrobials taking longer time and only a fewer new agents
been approved for use. In this era, where roadblocks like chemo-resistance and mutations plague
medicine, scientists across the world are looking to adapt lateral approaches in encountering diseases.
The future of antibacterial treatment seems promising, as several drugs with novel mechanisms of action
are in development. Various newer targets for the next generation antimicrobials for combating drug
resistance, such as targeting bacterial proteins, targeting virulence factors, modulating host response
pathways etc. In the near future, the challenge will be to identify newer agents for the treatment of
multidrug resistant pathogens that are emerging at a rapid rate. Further, measures should be taken to
minimize the development and spread of resistance, which will in turn reduce the economic burden on
the healthcare provider as well as on the patient. As more resistant organisms are being seen in clinical
practice, there is an immediate need for more potent antibiotics. Only a few drugs belong to a completely
novel class; the rest are only a development of old and existing classes. If we do not take good care of the
existent antibiotics by responsible prescribing, we will be at risk of losing even these more efficacious
antibiotics. Antibiotics tend to lose their efficacy over time due to the emergence and dissemination of
resistance among bacterial pathogens.

Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Drug Discovery, Newer Antibiotics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797240145.
E-mail Address: bhatmudasir92@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

417
Vabomere: A Novel Drug Against Carbapenem Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae, Used in Complicated Urinary Tract
Infections (cUTI) and Pyelonephiritis
Zahid Rasool Lone£, Shameema Bano , Nahida Tabassum, G. N. Bader, Sabeeha Shafi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-779

Abstract

Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) may occur in all sexes and age groups and are frequently
associated with either structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities. UTI in elderly is almost always
complicated. The main cause of pyelonephiritis is complicated urinary tract infection. The most common
bacteria associated with UTIs are Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli etc. Many strains of these
pathogens are showing resistance to the currently used beta-lactam antibiotics due to the production of
extended spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBL). Many of the isolates producing these enzymes are also
resistant to trimethoprim, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. Carbapenems are used now-a-days but there
are reports of the organisms that produce carbapenemases thereby getting resistant to carbapenems. The
recently USFDA approved combination of meropenem-vaborbactam (vabomere) is highly active against
Gram negative pathogens especially KPC (K. pneumoniae carbapenamase), carbapenem resistant
enterobacteriaceae and E. coli. Vaborbactam is highly active beta-lactamase inhibitor that restores activity
of meropenem (a beta-lactam antibiotic) in beta lactamase producing bacteria especially in K. Pneumoniae
and E. coli, thereby rendering them susceptible. This review highlights the pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic profile of this newly approved drug.

Keywords: Vabomere, US-FDA, Carbapenem, Pyelonephritis, ESBL, Carbapenemases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006320210.
E-mail Address: zahidrasool399395@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

418
Making Life-Saving Medicines Affordable: A Few Case
Studies
Asmat Bashir£, Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1527

Abstract

It is the prime duty of any society that claims to be just, civilized and humane to make quality medicines
affordable to its citizens irrespective of their caste, creed, religion or paying capacity since life-saving
medicine are a necessity rather than a luxury. Disproportionate profiteering by pharmaceutical corporate
is well established and evidenced that poses serious hurdles in ensuring access of average patients to
affordable and quality medicines. Several life-saving medicines have been priced by their developers so
exorbitantly that patients have to travel across the nations to purchase them. Accessibility has also been
a prime election campaign issue in countries like USA where healthcare is becoming increasing
unaffordable sometimes putting public health at undue risk. Some of the examples of such drugs whose
cost of therapy runs into several thousands of dollars include Sofosbuvir, Bedaquiline, Trastuzumab,
Imatinib, Linezolid, Daclatasvir, Ledipasvir, Ombitasvir, Delamanid, Terizidone, Viread, Conmana, Iressa.
There has been a constant tussle between patents and patient rights in all such cases. It is high time that
the federal governments accord priority to patient protection over patent protection and ensure equitable
access to medicines among all its citizens. This paper studies some of these cases and also reviews the
measures taken by some of the third world countries like India, Egypt, Bangladesh, Thailand, Mexico,
Columbia to counter the undue profiteering and bullying by pharmaceutical companies and paving way
for equitable access to affordable life-saving medicines to its citizens that include compulsory licensing,
voluntary licensing, trade negotiations, generic substitutions etc.

Keywords: Life-Saving Medicines, Affordability, Accessibility, Patents, Patient Rights.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006557962.
E-mail Address: luckybph222@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

419
A Retrospective Study of Ferric Carboxymaltose Therapy in
Women with Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Amreen Naqash£1, Rifat Ara2, Ghulam Nabi Bader3
1,3
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SKIMS Medical College and Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1644

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate pharmacovigilance profile of the ferric carboxymaltose in women. A
total of 200 patients with iron deficiency anaemia were enrolled for a study at department of gynaecology
and obstetrics, SKIMS MCH. The parenteral therapy of ferric carboxymaltose was randomly given to the
patients as per the WHO guidelines. The biomarkers such as complete blood count and iron profile were
evaluated at week two and week four interval after the treatment. Quality of life was evaluated using Short
Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The patients treated with ferric carboxymaltose showed 5.49 ± 0.103 g/dL
increase in haemoglobin levels, 25.75 ± 0.56 fL increase in mean corpuscular levels, and 30.71 ± 3.895 μg/L
increase in serum ferritin levels at the end of 4th week. The total iron binding capacity decreased from
457.94 ± 66.96 to 315.13 ± 19.981 and transferrin saturation rose from 7.67 ± 1.97 to 40.59 ± 2.321 in the
patients during this time period. The quality of life also showed a significant (p < 0.005) improvement in
physical health capacity and overall general health. 1% adverse drug reactions were observed.

Keywords: Iron Therapy, Complete Blood Count, Iron Profile, Quality of Life.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889776179.
E-mail Address: anaqash.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

420
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Patients with
Hypertension: An Epidemiological Study at a Tertiary Care
Hospital
Ozaifa Kareem£1, Masood Tanvir2, G. N. Bader3
1,3
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Government Medical College , Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1645

Abstract

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), a potentially serious breathing disorder is characterised by repititive
cessation/frequent pauses of breathing due to upper airway obstruction during sleep. These frequent
pauses (in breathing) are associated with loud snoring that causes oxygen desaturation in blood. OSA is a
common cause of high blood pressure (BP). Epidemiological studies show the prevalence of OSA to be
higher in men (14%) than women (5%). It varies with population under observation, the testing
methodology, scoring criteria and AHI threshold used. Untreated OSA predisposes individuals to an
increased risk of new hypertension. OSA treatment lowers blood pressure, even during daytime. The
present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of OSA in hypertensive patients and to
correlate its severity with mean blood pressure levels. The study was conducted in the department of
General Medicine, SMHS, Karanagar, Srinagar for a period of 6 months. A total of 500 patients identified
with hypertension were enrolled for the study. The patient specific and relevant information was compiled
on a structured data collection form through patient interviews using standard Berlin and Epworth
questionnaires. The parameters noted included blood pressure, body mass index, and neck circumference,
waist to hip ratio, sleep pattern, daytime somnolence, fatigue, lethargy, snoring severity and frequency.
Also, utilization of anti-hypertensive regimen was recorded.

Keywords: Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, Berlin Questionnaire, Blood Pressure.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006916400.
E-mail Address: ozaifa.kareem@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

421
3D Drug Printing - A Swing from Lab Production to
Computerized Production
Asif Mohd Itoo£, Nisar Ahmad Khan, Ahmar Khan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1691

Abstract

Levetiracetam was the foremost drug produced through computer aided three-dimensional printing quite
recently in late 2015. A revolutionary technology that has not only general impact on allied sciences but
particular impact on drug development. A molecule is designed and synthesized through 3D printing by
sequential addition of materials until a molecule arises into a full three-dimensional shape. This
technology has many advantage over conventional drug manufacturing processes, including but not
limited to; agility, substantial flexibility, and outstanding capability for pharmaceutical drug products. It
was Massachusetts Institute of Technology pioneered the work of 3D drug development back in 1992 and
since then the method has only achieved acceptance and unparalleled heights. This is particularly because
this techniques has significant advantages over the traditional drug manufacturing methods that include
the evasion of parameters and processes like granulation, milling, mixing, and compression and this
invariably results in dwindling of many parameters that are essential for effect drug release, such as, drug
stability, drug loading, drug release, and dosage form stability. The overarching aim of 3D printing is
therefore to eliminate these shortcomings with an aim to have beneficial cost-effectiveness in near future.
Some of the many advantages that 3D printing has over the preceding technology include drug dosage
precision and kinetic release control with the inclusion of structured design that allows for diffusion and
dissolution modulation.

Keywords: Three Dimensional Drug Printing, Manufacturing, Personalized Medicine, Pharmaceutical Formulations.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797718100.
E-mail Address: asifitoo27@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

422
4-D Printing: An Emerging Technology Towards the Dawn of
“Smart” Future
Ahmar Khan£, Nisar Ahmad Khan, Asif M. Itoo
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1692

Abstract

The first approval of the drug Levitracetam by USFDA in 2015 was to lay the foundation for the most
innovative and revolutionary technique, called as 3-D drug printing. This was immediately followed by
inclusion of “time” as a fourth dimension into this technique and therefore the term 4D-printing. This
“time” in post printing of drug formulation allows the material to act smart by permitting the materials to
change shapes in response to a predetermined stimulus. Out of many stimuli that can be used, the
important ones include heat, water, wind and/or other forms of energy, either independently or
contiguously. The inclusion of time domain makes the otherwise static materials to adjust in response to
stimuli and acquire unparalleled effects, mimicking the materials found in nature. Therefore, with proper
scientific calculation and experimental protocols, a synthetic material can be constructed from scratch
that actively reshapes against stimuli. These major pillars and other attributes of 4-D printing technology
makes it an indispensable tool to create programmable material of biological interest that can not only
lead to altered shapes but also change in pharmacological aspects with meticulous applications in
personalized medicine, cell and tissue programmable targeted therapeutics.

Keywords: 4D Printing, Levitracetam, Personalized Medicine.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797820909.
E-mail Address: ahmar00766@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

423
Veterinary Science
426
Addressing Twin Evils (Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Failure)
by Herbal Remedies in l Animal Model (Canines)
Showkat Ul Nabi£1, Umer Amin2, Owais Shabir Shah3, Asiya Jan4, Tufail Hussain5
1,3
Department of Veterinary Medicine Ethics And Jurisprudence, F.V.Sc and A.H, SKUAST-K Srinagar, India
2,4,5
Division of Veterinary Pathology, F.V.Sc and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-980

Abstract

The present study was conducted in the Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar. The study was conducted in two phases, in phase I herbal efficacy of resveratrol was evaluated
against renal failure in canines and in phase II herbal efficacy of ashwagandha was evaluated against
canine diabetes mellitus. In phase I canines with renal failure were divided into four groups. Group I
received Principal therapy as per cause of disease which resulted in renal derangement. Animals in Group
II received Principal therapy and Resveratrol @ 10 mg/kg body weight. Animals in Group III received
Principal therapy and Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor II @ 0.4mg/kg body weight. Animals in
Group IV received Principal therapy, Resveratrol @ 10 mg/kg body weight and Angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitor II @ 0.4mg/kg body weight. Biochemical examinations and urine analysis revealed
comparatively better ameliorative potential were exhibited by Resveratrol and Angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitor II combination dual therapy of ACE II inhibitor (0.4 mg/kg) + Reveratrol (10 mg/Kg)
resulted in a greater decrease in blood uric acid, protien excretion rate, serum creatinine, BUN and renal
structural changes than treatment with ACE II inhibitor and resveretrol alone. It is concluded from the
present study that the combination of ACE II inhibitor and resveretrol could be more proficient in
preventing progression of renal failure than an individual drug therapy. In phase II we examined
antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Withenia somnifera and its synergism with metformin in
diabetic geriatric dogs. The experimental groups were treated with ethanolic extract of Withenia
somnifera (50 mg/kg b.wt.) + Metformin (50 mg/kg b.wt.), Metformin (100 mg/kg b.wt.) and ethanolic
extract (100 mg/kg b.wt.) of Withenia somnifera) in three separate groups. Ethanolic extract of Withenia
somnifera showed pronounced hypoglycaemic, insulin releasing and hypocholesterolemic effect while
metformin exhibited only hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic effect. The combination resulted in
synergestic effect with regard to antioxidant, hypoglycemic, insulin releasing and hypocholesterolemic
effect.

Keywords: Diabetes, Renal failure, Ashwaghandha, Resveratrol, Animal model.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713886912.
E-mail Address: showkatnabi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

427
Antibiogram of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains
Isolated from the Reproductive Tract of Layer Birds
Henna Wani£1, Mohammad Maqbool Darzi2, Showkat Ahmad Shah3, Shabu Showket4,
Aazima Shah5, Bisma Kashani6, Ashaq Ashraf 7 , Rehab Altaf8
Division of Veterinary Pathology, F.V.Sc and A.H, SKUAST-K Srinagar, India
1,2,3,5,6,7,8
4
Division of veterinary public health, FVSc & Ah, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1035

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity/resistance pattern of avian
pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the reproductive tract of layer birds in Kashmir valley.
Out of 908 dead birds, referred for necropsy examination to the Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty
of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar Kashmir, 64 cases of Escherichia coli
were recorded, making an overall percentage of 7.08. All the isolates were identified morphologically and
biochemically as E. coli. Fifteen (15) different antibiotics were used in order to obtain antibiogram for all
the 64 E. coli isolates. The most common resistance pattern, exhibited by all isolates was resistance to
ampicillin, gentamicin, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, norfloxacin,
enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine. The highest rate of resistance was recorded against penicillin (79.68%),
Ampicillin (78.12%) tetracycline (76.56%), gentamicin (68.75%), streptomycin (64.06%), azithromycin
(62.5%) and sulfadiazine (56.62%). Low levels of resistance were against Ciprofloxacin (20.31%) and
Enrofloxacin (15.62%). Neither the isolates were sensitive to all the fifteen antimicrobials tested nor were
any isolates that were resistant to all the 15 antimicrobials tested.

Keywords: Antibiogram, Escherichia Coli, Layers, Reproductive tract.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697108956.
E-mail Address: dr.henna02@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

428
Antibiogram of Clostridium Perfringens Isolated from Meat
of Kashmir Valley
Shabu Shoukat£1, Zia Ulhassan Munshi2, Shakil A. Wani3, Mudasir Ali4 , Z.A Kashoo5
Henna Wani6, Umer Ali7.
Division of Veterinary Public Health, Fvsc & A.H, SKUAST- K , Srinagar, India
1,2,3,4,7
5
Division of Veterinary microbiology & immunology, SKUAST- K, Srinagar, India
6
Divison of Veterinary Pathology, SKUAST- K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-521

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to study the antibiogram of Clostridium Perfringens Type A
strains from raw meat and Meat products. A total 160 samples comprising of raw meat (100) and meat
products (60) were collected from different areas of Kashmir valley. The overall prevalence of C.
perfringens from raw meat was 31% and from meat products was found to be 28.33%. The isolates that
were morphologically and biochemically characterized as C. perfringens were further confirmed using
species specific PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene. A multiplex PCR was carried for typing of the isolates on
the basis of virulent genes targeting cpa, cpb, cpε, cpι, cpb2 and cpe genes. The prevalence of C.
Perfringens Type A from raw meat and meat products 87.09% and 100%. On antibiotic sensitivity testing
the isolates were found sensitive to chloramphenicol (91.66%), amoxyclav (87.50%), azithromycin
(81.25%) and tetracycline (75%). The highest resistance was noted against streptomycin (95.80%) followed
by ceftazidime (81%) and bacitracin (64%). The isolates recovered from meat showed highest resistance
against streptomycin and erythromycin (100%) while the isolates from meat products showed no
resistance against chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline. The isolates were also found to be
multidrug resistant with a total of 16 isolates from raw meat, to be resistant to less than five antibiotics, 12
isolates were found resistant to more than five antibiotics and 3 were resistant to more than ten antibiotics
as compared to isolates from meat products which were also found to show multidrug resistance with 2
isolates each from kabab and rista resistant to more than five antibiotics, respectively.

Keywords: Clostridium Perfringens, Prevalence, Antibiogram, Multidrug resistant.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697108956.
E-mail Address: uzma4852@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

429
Effect of Inbreeding on Growth and Fitness Traits in
Rambouillet Sheep
Nusrat Nabi Khan£1, Zaffar Iqbal Bhat2, Saba Bukhari 3, Najimaana Wani4, Heena
Jalal5
Division of Animal Genetics And Breeding, F.Vsc And A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinaga, India
1,2,3
4
Division of Veterinary Public health and Epidemology, F.VSc and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar,India
5
Division of Livestock Production and Technology, F.VSc and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-527

Abstract

Because of a traditional interest in inbreeding as a tool for breed improvement, it was desirable to evaluate
the effects of inbreeding on the most important products of the sheep industry, lamb and wool
production. The pedigree file of 4,181 records of crossbred Rambouillet sheep, maintained at sheep
breeding farm Reasi, Jammu for a period of 10 years (1998-2010) was used to calculate inbreeding
coefficients. The lamb traits were birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) as well as fitness traits
which include age at First Lambing (AFL), Litter Size (LS) and Interlambing period (ILP). The effect of
inbreeding on BW, WW, AFL, LS and ILP was studied by analysis of variance technique and regression
model method. The inbreeding coefficient was having non- significant effect on all the traits under study.
Overall inbreeding coefficient of the lamb was 0.93% during the initial periods, inbreeding coefficient was
0.73% and increased upton1.30% during later period. The overall percentage of inbred animals over the
periods was 43%. The coefficient of inbreeding ranged from 6.25% to 25.0% in inbred lambs. It was
concluded that by avoiding the mating between related individuals and by the introduction of breeding
rams, unnecessary and undesirable increase of inbreeding in the flock can be minimized.

Keywords : Birth Weight, Fitness traits, Inbreeding, Rambouillet Sheep, Weaning weight.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9086676751.
E-mail Address: khannusratnabi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

430
Effects of Habitat overlap on Parasite Shearing between Wild
and Domestic Ungulates
Rouf Ahmad Bhat£, Hidayatullah Tak, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Umer Hameed
Shansaz,Hameem Mushtaq
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1027

Abstract

In nature, wild and domestic animals co-occur and share diverse landscape resources. Such interactions
create risk for sharing of infectious agents since many diseases are shared by wildlife and livestock, though
general perception assumes a unilateral transmission pathway from wild animal hosts to domestic animal
hosts. Gastro-intestinal parasites (GIT) parasites especially Helminths play important ecological functions
in the population dynamics of wild animals, whereas in livestock production, they cause huge economic
losses. They cause weaknesses that negatively impact fitness, fecundity and population dynamics of hosts
to the extent they threatening their survival and speed up extinction risks. Understanding such ecological
factors that regulate their transmission could contribute to their management, control and prevention.
Most of the information about parasite-host interaction is usually based on systems that involve a single
host and a single parasite. Since the natural or normal situation is that parasite-host interaction is much
more intricate and involves assemblage of hosts and parasites, it is imperative to understand which factors
drive and shape transmission patterns within an ecological community. Most studies on the patterns of
parasitic infection have focused on the factors that are intrinsic to single host species, such as habitat
structure, host behavior, host genetics and ecology. In contrast nature presents a complex system where
multi-host communities co-occur (habitat overlap) and interact with numerous pathogenic and non-
pathogenic parasites. The present review, therefore attempts to highlight factors that drive and shape
transmission patterns between wild and domestic animals.

Keywords: Habitat overlap, Parasite shearing, Ungulates, GIT parasites.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491043205.
E-mail Address: Bhatroof32620@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

431
Fenugreek Seeds as a Potential Source for the Development of
Functional Spent Hen Meat Patties
Asma Irshad Qureshi£1, Sheikh Rafeh Ahmad2, Tahir Nazir 3, M. Ashraf Pal4,
Asif Hassan Sofi5
Division of Livestock Production and Technology, F.VSc and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India

JKSC-829

Abstract

The diseases associated with modern lifestyle have prompted the consumers to seek alternatives to
conventional food products, which has subsequently led to the development of functional food products.
Locally available natural source like fenugreek seeds being a rich source of functional ingredients can be
exploited for its functional role by incorporating in meat products. Hence, a study was designed to
enhance the overall functional value of otherwise less functional spent hen meat via incorporation of
fenugreek seeds extract to produce functional spent hen meat patties for commercial exploitation. The
experiment was aimed at optimizing the level of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) for the development of
functional spent hen meat patties. FSE was incorporated at four levels; 2.5% (T1), 5% (T2), 7.5% (T3) and
10% (T4) replacing chilled water in the formulation of the product. The results revealed the pH value of
Fenugreek Seed Extract incorporated Spent Hen Meat Patties was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than
control. Cooking yield of spent hen meat patties showed a non-significant increase with increase in levels
of Fenugreek Seed Extract. The protein as well as fat content showed a non-significant difference among
all the treatments including control. The percent ash content of 10% level was significantly (P≤0.05)
higher than control while a non-significant difference was found between control and all the other
treatments. The antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH-RSA value showed a significant (P≤0.05)
increase with increase in the levels of Fenugreek Seed Powder Extract. Organoleptic evaluation of the
products revealed a non-significant difference in various attributes of control and all the other treatments.
Thus, it was concluded that fenugreek seed powder at 10% level can be efficiently incorporated in spent
hen meat patties for improving their functional value.

Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, fenugreek seed extract, Functional, Quality, Spent hen meat patties.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006837895.
E-mail Address: aqurieshi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

432
Interferon Tau Stimulated Gene Expression: A Proxy to
Predict Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows
Aasif Ahmad Sheikh£, Om Kanwar Hooda, Ajay Kumar Dang
Lactation and Immunophysiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Icar-National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India

JKSC-998

Abstract

The embryonic mortality in cows is a growing concern for an ever-expanding dairy industry. The current
study was an attempt to shorten the open period of dairy cows having suffered embryonic loss by
diagnosing them at an earlier stage. The blood samples were collected from the Karan Fries (KF) cows on
days 0, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 35 and 42 relative to the date of insemination. The experimental animals
were then categorized into pregnant (P), conception failure/early embryonic mortality (EEM) and late
embryonic mortality cows (LEM), based on progesterone assay, ultrasonography and per-rectal palpation.
There were 6 animals in each group. The plasma progesterone was higher in pregnant than EEM and LEM
cows. Plasma Interferon-tau concentration was significantly.

Keywords: Interferon-tau, Airy cows, Embryonic mortality, Neutrophils, Gene expression

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006529317.
E-mail Address: aasifvet1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

433
Investigating Gene Expression Kinetics and Antibody
Response in Salmonella typhimurium Infected Chicken
Mashooq Ahmad Dar£1, Syed Mudasir Ahmad2, Raashid Ahmed3, Peerzada Tajamul
Mumtaz4, Shakil A Bhat5, Tanveer A Dar6, Riaz Ahmad Shah7
2,3,4,5,7
Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India.
1,6
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-735

Abstract

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) is a primary avian pathogen

responsible for severe intestinal pathology in younger chickens and economic losses to poultry industry.
Furthermore, Salmonella Typhimurium is also able to cause infection in humans, characterized by acute
gastrointestinal disease and typhoid fever. A study was conducted to investigate antibody response and
expression kinetics of NRAMP1, NRAMP2, IFNγ, IL-12, and IL-18 genes in broiler chicken at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,
11, 13 and 15 dpi following experimental infection of Salmonella Typhimurium. Immunological studies
showed higher titres of IgG and IgM in the infected group as compared to the age-matched un-infected
control group. The Real-Time PCR-based gene expression analysis revealed significant increase of
NRAMPI gene in the infected group as compared to their respective controls (P.

Keywords: Birth weight, Fitness traits, Inbreeding, Rambouillet sheep, Weaning weight.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493922932.
E-mail Address: darmashooq1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

434
Isolation and Identification of Shiga Toxin Producing
Escherichia Coli (STEC) from Meat and Milk Products in
Srinagar, Kashmir
Ishfaq Ahmad Lone£1, Syed Akram Hussain2, Md. Isfaqul Hussain3, Z. H. Munshi4,
Tariq. A. Raja5, Syed Shahnaz6, M.A. Rather7, Tariq. A. Bhat8
1
Faculty of OG Veterinary Sciences & A.H , SKAUST-K, Srinagar, India.
Division of Veterinary Public Health, FVSc and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
2,4,5,6,7,8
3
Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunololgy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Srinagar, India

JKSC-274

Abstract

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of E. coli in meat and milk, and to see the
presence virulence Shiga toxigenic (stx1 and stx2) genes in the isolated strain indicating STEC. For this a
total of 200 different samples of meat and milk were collected randomly from the different areas of district
Srinagar, Kashmir. Samples were processed for the isolation and identification of E. coli and virulence
gene were detected by PCR techniques. In the present study, the overall prevalence of E. coli was found
23.5%. Highest prevalence of 32.5% was found in raw chicken (13 of 40) and lowest 22.5% in chevon (09 of
40) among the meat samples. In case of milk, raw milk (25.0%) was found more contaminated with E. coli
than pasteurized milk (10.0%). In the PCR assay, the Stx1 and Stx2 gene revealed an amplicon of 188 bp)
and 255 bp size products, specific for the genes respectively A total of three (03) isolates were found
positive for Stx1 genes, six (06) for Stx2 genes and four (04) for both Stx1and Stx2 genes. In the current
study, Stx1 gene could not be recovered from chevon and chicken isolates. However, both the genes were
detected simultaneously from the same isolates recovered from some mutton (02), chicken (01) and raw
milk (01). All the four (04) E. coli isolates recovered from pasteurized milk were found negative for both
the genes. It was also found that isolates recovered from pasteurized milk were non-STEC.

Keywords : STEC, Stx1, Stx2, Meat, Milk products.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796754090.
E-mail Address: hussainakram@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

435
Management of Dystocia in Ewe by Decollation of Fetus -
Case Report
Naseer Ahmad Mir£, Arshaq Asfar
Division of Animal Reproduction, Gyneacology & Obstetrics FVSC & AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India

JKSC-1401

Abstract

An adult female sheep weighing 40kg was presented to the Veterinary clinical complex Faculty of
veterinary sciences and animal husbandry Shuhama, with the history of difficulty in giving birth. Physical
examination revealed dull and dehydrated animal with pale mucous membrane, heart rate of 88 beats per
minute and respiration rate of 28 per minute. Ultrasound examination (f=3MHZ) revealed dead fetus with
head entrapped in the cervical canal. Management of the case was started after intravenous administration
of 500ml of dextrose, antibiotic Enrofloxicin @ 5mg/kg body weight, and an analgesic Meloxicam @
0.5mg/kg body weight. Caudal epidural anesthesia was performed between first and second inter-
coccygeal space using 3mL 0f 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride. About 50 ml of liquid paraffin was pumped
into birth canal with the help of syringe and catheter for lubrication purpose. Per-vaginal examination
with a gloved and lubricated hand revealed an extremely large fetal head (hydrocephalus) in the cervical
canal and bilateral carpal flexion posture. Correction of carpal flexion was impossible due to limited space,
so the head was tracted out and severed (decollation) with BP blade. The weight of head was about
385gms. The carpal flexion was corrected and the decollated fetus was removed easily by traction. Two
boli of a herbal uterine cleanser (ropitas) were kept per-vaginally into the uterus. For post-operative
medication, meloxicam (dosed at 0.5 mg/kg body weight) was given intramuscularly for 3 days as anti-
inflammatory, and enrofloxicin (dosed at 5mg/kg body weight) was given intramuscularly once a day for
5 days as broad spectrum antibiotic.

Keywords: Dystocia, Decollation, Ultrasound, Traction, Hydrocephalus, Carpal flexion, Traction.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298871026.
E-mail Address: naseermir320@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

436
Molecular Detection and Cloning of Clostridium Perfringens
Type an Enterotoxin Gene
Najimaana Wani£1, Shakeel Ahmad Wani2 , Z. H.Munshi3 , Syed Akram Hussain4 ,
Nusrat Nabi Khan5, Showkat Ahmad Shah6
Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, FVSc &AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
1,2,3
5
Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, FVSc &AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
6
Division of Veterinary Pathology, FVSc &AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-552

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and virulence gene profile of C.
perfringens type A form foods of animal origin and potable water sources in Srinagar city. Futher, C.
perfringens type A enterotoxin strains were characterized by cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic
analysis of enterotoxin gene. The full length enterotoxin gene (cpe) of the organism was detected using
novel primers. Of the 450 randomly collected samples comprising of raw meat (120), ready to eat foods
(100), fish (110) and potable water (120), 53 were positive for C. perfringens making an overall percent
prevalence of 11.77. The prevalence was highest in raw meat (18.33%) followed by the fish (11.81%), potable
water (9.16%) and ready to eat foods (7%). All the isolates identified morphologically and biochemically
as C. perfringens, were further confirmed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting 16S rRNA
gene. The virulence gene profiling of the isolates was studied using multiplex-PCR targeting alpha toxin
gene (cpa), beta toxin gene (cpb), epsilon toxin gene (etx), iota toxin gene (iap), beta 2 toxin gene (cpb2)
and enterotoxin gene (cpe) genes. None of the isolates screened carried cpb, etx or iap gene confirming
the occurrence of C. perfringens toxinotype A and thereby the absence of toxinotypes B, C, D and E. Of
the 22 isolates recovered from raw meat, 6 (27.27 %) were cpe positive, thereby showing the highest
presence of cpe gene. Only two strains of C. perfringens type A cpe positive isolated from raw meat could
be cloned for cpe gene. The nucleotide identity of cpe gene and the deduced amino acid level with
retrieved sequences was found to be 96-100% and 95-100% respectively. The full length sequences were
submitted to GenBank, NCBI and were assigned accession numbers. The phylogenetic analysis revealed
that C. perfringens type A cpe strains from the Kashmir valley cluster into one group in the tree along
with the strains reported from USA, France and Norway indicating more genetic closeness with them.
Usually phylogenetic analyses are used to trace the hypothetical origin of bacterial strains; therefore, the
present results suggest that the C. perfringens strains in Kashmir might have been introduced from USA
and European countries.

Keywords: cpe gene, Cloning, C. perfringens, Multiplex PCR, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Sequencing, Toxinotypes,
Virulence.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906489343.
E-mail Address: drnajmaana@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

437
Molecular Genotyping of Clostridium Perfringens Type a
Strains Isolated from Raw Meat and Meat Products
Shabu Shoukat£1, Zia Ulhassan Munshi2 , Shakil A. Wani3, Mudasir Ali4, Z.A
Kashoo5, Umer Ali6, Henna Wani7
Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemology, F.VSc and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
1,2,3,4,6
5
Division of Veterinary microbiology & immunology, SKUAST- K, Srinagar, India
7
Divison of Veterinary Pathology, SKUAST- K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-518

Abstract

Clostridium perfringens is a food borne anaerobic bacteria that causes food poisoning and spoilage. A
total of 160 samples comprising of raw meat (100) and meat products (60) were screened for presence of
Clostridium perfringens with a prevalence of 31% and 28.33% respectively. On Toxinotyping of the isolates
by multiplex PCR, 27 isolates from raw meat were found to be Type A and only 4 isolates as Type C, while
all isolates from meat products were of Type A. However, none of the other Types B, D or E could be
isolated. Among a total of 31 isolates recovered from raw meat, 6 isolates were found to possess the
enterotoxin (cpe) gene thereby posing a public health threat, while the isolates recovered from the meat
products lacked enterotoxin gene but at the same time were found to possess the cpb2 gene, an accessory
toxin playing role in virulence of the organism. Multiplex PCR genotyping assay of cpe gene positive C.
Perfringens Type A revealed that out of 6 isolates carrying the enterotoxin gene, 05 (83.33) isolates were
found to carry a chromosomal cpe locus with IS1470 sequence downstream to cpe gene while 1 (16.66%)
isolate carried a plasmid borne cpe gene with a downstream IS1151-like sequence.

Keywords: Clostridium perfringens, Toxinotyping, Multiplex PCR, enterotoxin (CPE) gene, Chromosomal cpe locus.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596139068.
E-mail Address: uzma4852@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

438
Occurrence of Ascaris in Ovine Population of Central
Kashmir
Shahana Riyaz Tramboo£, Rafiq Ahmad Shahardar , Kamal Hassan Bulbul , Idrees
Mehraj Allaie
Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemology, F.VSc and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India

JKSC-1196

Abstract

The present study on gastrointestinal parasitism was conducted on ovine population of twin sheep
breeding farms located in central zone of Kashmir valley i.e, Government Sheep Breeding Farm, Khimbar
(Srinagar) and Private Sheep Breeding Farrm, Rangil (Ganderbal). A total of 33 copro samples (21 from
SBF Khimbar and 12 from SBF Rangil) were randomly examined for presence of any parasitic infection.
The ova/oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites observed in the present study were those of Strongyles
(96.96%) followed by Eimerian oocysts (24.24%), Ascaris (18.18%), Moneizia (6.06%) and Nematodirus
(3.03%). Besides this, mixed infection was observed in 36.36% of samples. The presence of Ascaris ova in
ovine copro samples is a rare observation and is a first such kind of report from Jammu and Kashmir. The
present study clearly suggests that there is a need to evaluate prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites
especially Ascaris in ovine populations from different zones of Kashmir valley, so as to map the data
regarding the prevalence of such parasites for their timely control.

Keywords: Ovine, Ascaris, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797859677.
E-mail Address: shahana_qx@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

439
Parasitic Infections in Livestock and Wild Animals at Kashmir
Province of J&K
Idrees Mehraj Allaie£1, Ajaz Ahmad Dar2, Zahoor Ahmad Wani3, Masood Saleem
Mir4, Shahana Riyaz Tramboo5, Asif Hussain6
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences And Animal Husbandry
1,2,3,4,5
6
Department of Shep Husbandry, LEH. Govt. of J&K, India
JKSC-1207

Abstract

The preliminary study conducted, is based on examination of faecal samples (n=37) of different animal
species from Ladakh region and one post-mortem findings of Musk deer from Kashmir valley. Copro
samples were collected from Zanaskar (n=36) and leh (n=1) of district Ladakh. 05 out of 36 samples (01 in
ruminant samples, 02 each from horses and Himalayan marmot) from Zanaskar were positive for
Strongyle type of worm eggs and only 01 sample (ruminant) was positive for Moniezia spp. Faecal sample
of Ibex (Goat) from leh was found negative for parasitic eggs. Post-mortem examination of Musk deer (of
Dachigam National Park) revealed presence of Haemonchus in the abomasum. The findings indicated a
low rate of parasitic infection in animals of the study area and advocate epidemiological studies on a larger
scale for further scientific interventions.

Keywords: Parasitic infections, Livestock, Wild animals, Ladakh, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419017238.
E-mail Address: dr.idreesallaie@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

440
Performances of Goat Supplemented with Concentrates and
Probiotics During Periparturient Period
Aaliya Fayaz Bhat£, Sanober Rasool, Farukh Mehraj, Sadiya Sajad, R.Patoo, Anees
Ahmad Shah
Livestock Production and Management, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1508

Abstract

A study was conducted to observe the effect of concentrate and probiotics Boer cross goats in the last
month of gestation (day 120) were selected randomly and allotted to 2 groups (T1, and T2) of 6 animals
each such that the average body weights between the groups did not differ significantly. The does were
maintained under stall feeding conditions and offered a daily normal ration consisting of oats hay @
1.1kg/head/day and commercial pelleted feed @ 500g/head/day. In treatment group T2, an additional
supplement of concentrate (pelleted feed) @ of 100 gram/ head/ day and probiotics @ 4 grams,
respectively while as no additional supplement was offered to T1 (control) does. Treatment does attain
significantly higher (p

Keywords: Periparturient Period, Kids, Performance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796173162.
E-mail Address: draaliyahfayazbhat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

441
Prospects of Alternate Poultry in Kashmir
Insha Afzal Baba£, Azmat Alam Khan2, M.T.Banday 3, Sofi Umer Bashir 4, Asra
Khurshid5, Madeeha Untoo6
Division of LPM FVSC & AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India

JKSC-1402

Abstract

Poultry occupies a unique position in the livestock economy of the valley. The prospects of commercial
poultry farming in the Kashmir valley is considered excellent based on the domestic market, when it is
considered from, in terms of supply and demand of the industry. Poultry sector in general has had
progress; this can be identified by the presence of growing number of poultry farms for, which is with
collective effort of government and entrepreneurs in the valley. Alternate poultry may be defined as all
those species of poultry other than chicken. These include Duck, goose, guinea fowl, pigeon, turkey quail,
ostrich, emu, etc. Both at national and state level such progress whatever progress has been achieved its
all chicken centric which requires intensive system of production and heavy inputs. Also, besides such
progress, average per capita availability is still merely 52 eggs and 2.3 kg poultry meat at the state level
respectively against ICMR recommended consumption levels of 180 eggs and 11 kg of poultry
meat/person/year. To achieve these recommended levels, by relying merely on chicken-based broiler and
layer production systems, broiler industry has to increase by 14 times and layer sector by 4 times or there
has to be a concomitant growth in availability of feed ingredients, biologicals, equipment and human
resources. From present scenario it seems difficult if not impossible. As far as our state is concerned
industry is dependent on imports which are increasing with every passing day. The economy gets drained
to outside States and the middlemen enjoy the swag. The prevailing socio-agro-economic scenario calls
for some kind of cafeteria approach for poultry production which offers broad spectrum of poultry
alternatives to meet different requirements. In this context importance of alternate poultry species
becomes quite evident. A successful French model can be replicated in India and in our state as well which
consists of rearing 50% broilers, 27% turkey, 14% duck, 3% guinea fowl and 6% other species. Alternate
poultry production can play its due role in augmenting availability of poultry meat & eggs besides
providing variety to satisfy culinary desires of different sections of society. There exists a wide gap with
respect to breeding, feeding & management of alternate poultry species. Existent alternate poultry
production systems are mostly unorganised with no extension & marketing support system. Therefore
research & extension on various aspects of alternate poultry farming need to be put in place.

Keywords: Mastitis, Bovine, Antibiotic resistance, Public health concern, Gene therapy, Alternative therapy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622439873.
E-mail Address: inshaafzal22@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

442
Prospects of Gene Therapy in Bovine Mastitis
Muheet Mir£, Showkat Ul Nabi, Ifat Ashraf , Kaifa Nazim
Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, F.V.SC and A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-872

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is a major disease problem in dairy animals characterized by the inflammation of the
mammary gland. Worldwide, mastitis is one of the most widespread and expensive diseases affecting the
dairy business. The current approach to combat bovine mastitis is the administration of antibiotics but
the indiscriminate antibiotic use has led to public health concerns of antibiotic resistant bacteria,
potential risk of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans and the presence of antibiotic residues in
milk. Milk for human consumption should not contain antibiotic residues above tolerance levels but the
examination of bulk milk for human consumption has revealed incidence of farm level antibiotic violation.
Since mastitis is the single largest cause of antimicrobial use in dairy farms, the need for alternative
therapeutic interventions is imminent. Considerable international pressure to limit the antimicrobial
therapy and develop new therapeutic strategies has led to the application of gene therapy in mastitis
whose success in some human cases promises its use in veterinary field too. For gene therapy in mastitis
antibacterial peptides isolated from many different organisms are used. This novel antibacterial protein
synthesis from mammary cells kills the micro-organisms by inhibition of macro-molecule biosynthesis or
by interacting with specific vital components inside the micro-organisms. As such, gene therapy is a good
alternative for treatment since it cuts down the use of antibiotics but its ethical and public acceptance
aspects need to be considered.

Keywords: Mastitis, Bovine, Antibiotic resistance, Public health concern, Gene therapy, Alternative therapy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796906519.
E-mail Address: muheetmir13@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

443
Protective Effect of Colchicum Luteum Against Hemato-
Biochemical Alterations in Sodium Bicarbonate Induced Gout
Rayeesa Ali£, Shayaib Ahmad Kamil, Masood Saleem Mir, Umar Amin, Aazima
Shah, Bisma Kashani, Showket Ahmad Shah
Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKAUST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-697

Abstract

Colchicum luteum, has been found associated with the immense pharmaceutical properties. The present
study was aimed to study the protective effect of methanolic extract of Colchicum luteum against the
hemato-biochemical alterations due sodium bicarbonate induced gout in broiler chicken. For this
purpose, a total of 72-day old broiler chicks were divided into 6 groups (I to VI, n12). Group I served as
vehicle-treated control and was given drinking water by oral gavage. Group II and III were given Sodium
Bicarbonate @ 2.5% and 5% respectively in drinking water. Group IV and V were provided with 2.5% and
5% Sodium Bicarbonate along with Colchicum luteum extract @ 50mg/kg body weight respectively. Group
VI served as treatment control and was given Colchicum luteum extract @ 50mg/kg body weight alone.
Hematological and biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in hematological parameters (Hb,
PCV, TEC, TLC and Heterophil) and biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, Uric acid, BUN, Creatinine, Total
protein and Albumin) in Sodium bicarbonate intoxicated groups. All these parameters however, were
comparatively reduced in the birds given Colchicum luteum extract. Also heterophil and monocyte counts
were decreased significantly in group VI birds, supplemented with Colchicum luteum extract only with
no adverse effect on health of birds. The data from the present study establish the protective role of CLE
against Sodium bicarbonate induced hematological and biochemical alterations.

Keywords : Gout, Sodium bicarbonate, Colchicum luteum, Hematology, Biochemical Analysis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469506466.
E-mail Address: alirayeesa@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

444
Replacing Chemically Preserved Organs by Plastination a
Model Aid in Teaching Research and Surgical Training
Firdous Ahmad Dar£, K. Massarat, A. R. Choudhury, R. Andleeb, M. A. John
Division of Veterinary Anatomy FVSC & AH, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1356

Abstract

Fresh and well-preserved specimens are must in teaching and research purpose. With the worldwide
dearth of animal cadaver donations, introduction of animal laws and animal ethics, availability of fresh
specimens is drastically reducing. The already available ones will also decay in a few years’ time. In
view of this scarcity of organs and tissues for studies, teaching and research, newer technique preserving
the biological tissues for long duration is necessity. Presently bodies are preserved by embalming with
formalin and other embalming fluids. To handle these tissues and organs continuously in the laboratory
is both hazardous and hectic procedure. Even these bodies/organs decay in a few years. Besides, for
teaching and research purpose most of the times unnecessary sacrificing animals goes against animal
ethics and law. Plastination has emerged as a ray of hope for near ideal preservation of biological
specimens and an alternative Resource for Teaching, Surgical Training and Research Development. By
Plastination of different organs and systems of the body will help in minimizing the exposure to the
chemically preserved organs in general and reducing the use of animals or animal organs in particular.
Luminal cast of the airways of bovine lungs; rabbit lungs have been successfully made and are used
presently for teaching and research purpose. Luminal cast of the airways of Portal vein and its ramification
in bovine liver has been successfully plastinated. Inferior vena cava on the left border of liver in bovines
and its branching is also plastinated.

Keywords : Plastination, Portal Vein, Liver.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715029716.
E-mail Address: drromey@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

445
RFLP Analysis of Flagellin (Fla) Gene of Campylobacter Jejuni
from Ovines of Kashmir Valley
Bisma Gull£1, Sabia Qureshi2, Kashoo Zahid3 , Wani Shakil4, Magray Suhail 5, Ahmad
Firdos6, Hussain Mohammad7, Wani Aasim8 , Majeed Shafqat9, Shafi Muneeba10
Division of Veterinary Microbiology And Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9
5
Department of Sheep Husbandry J&K, Department of sheep husbandry J&K, India
JKSC-1144

Abstract

Campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently reported food borne illness
transmitted directly or indirectly between animals and humans. Humans can be infected after ingesting
undercooked poultry and other meats, raw milk, raw clams, contaminated foodstuffs or unchlorinated
water, or on contact with infected pets or livestock. In the present study sheep breeding farms of Kashmir
valley were screened for presence of Campylobacter jejuni, and C.coli. infection. Out of total 200 samples
comprising of vaginal swabs and aborted material 25(2.5) % isolates were found to be positive for
Campylobacter genus, 17 (8.5%) isolates were positive for C. jejuni and 3(1.5%) for C. coli. fla, cdt and for
cad genes were detected in all isolates and none was positive for wlaN gene associated with Guillain
Barre’syndrome in humans. Amplified flagellin gene (855bp) of all C jejuni isolates on digestion with
DdeI yielded ~700bp and ~155bp products indicating no genetic variability among isolates. The flagellin
gene sequence was deposited in Gene bank under accession no MG417049.Phylogenetic analysis of fla
gene from Kashmiri origin showed a single cluster closely related to Campylobacter strains from Germany
and USA.

Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, Fla gene, RFLP, Virulence genes, Ovines.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051743533.
E-mail Address: bismagull50@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

446
Study of Hepato and Nephro Protective Potential of Zingerone
in Lead-induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats
Insha Amin£, Bilal A. Mir, Ishrak Husain, Sheikh Bilal, Manzoor A.Mir
Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1363

Abstract

Heavy metal poisoning highly contaminates the environment and is matter of public health concern
worldwide. Lead toxicity affects both humans and animals mainly by causing oxidative stress and leads to
derangement of antioxidant enzyme system of body by increasing the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) and Amino-Levulinic Acid (ALA). Liver and kidney are the two important routes for excretion of
lead and therefore, account for main toxic symptoms. Zingerone, a phenolic alkanone, is an active
ingredient present in ginger possessing varied pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and antidiabetic. The current study was designed to evaluate the
protective effect of zingerone in lead induced toxicity in wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into
five groups (I-V) of five animals in each group. Group I served as normal control and received normal feed
and water. Group II was given lead acetate at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. through intra-peritoneal
route on day 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment. Groups III, IV and V were given lead acetate at the dose of 25
mg/kg b.wt. through intraperitoneal route on day 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment + zingerone orally at the
dose rate of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.wt. respectively. Lead intoxication was analysed by estimation of
ALAD activity in liver and kidney homogenate. Liver and kidney function parameters were analysed in
serum along with lipid profile. Oxidative stress was analyzed by estimating lipid peroxidation and
antioxidant enzymes, viz., CAT, SOD, GPx and GR in liver and kidney homogenate. These findings
revealed that zingerone treatment increased ALAD activity, normalized the increased liver and kidney
function parameters, reduced lipid peroxidation and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes These
results suggest that zingerone may be a promising drug candidate for prevention of lead intoxication in
animals.

Keywords: Lead, Zingerone, ROS, ALAD, LPO, CAT, SOD, GPx, GR .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780999329.
E-mail Address: amin.insha550@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

447
Successful Management of Concurrent Infection of Babesiosis
and Anaplasmosis in Crossbred Cattle
Rather Waseem Yousuf£1, Raja Mohmad Iqbal2, S.A. Beigh 3, Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat 4 ,
Manzoor Ahmad Kawa 5 , Tawheed Ahmad Najar6 , Amatul Muhee7, N.A. Tufani8
Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K,
1,2,3,4,6,7,8

Srinagar, India
5
Division of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , SKUAST-, Srinagar,
India

JKSC-1368

Abstract

A 6-year-old cross bred cow was presented to veterinary clinical services complex FVSc & AH, with history
of anorexia, reduced milk yield, depression and weight loss. On clinical examination the rectal
temperature of 105ºF, pale (white) mucus membrane, suspended rumination (0/2 minutes), dyspnoea,
increased heart rate (112 beats/minute) and respiration (82 breaths/minute), presence of ectoparasites
(ticks) and enlarged mandibular lymph nodes were observed. Colour of urine was normal. Blood smear
prepared from peripheral ear vein revealed presence of anaplasma and babesia organisms. Haematological
parameters revealed decreased Hb, PCV, and TEC and increased TLC. Iron and total iron binding capacity
was decreased. Biochemical examination revealed increased AST, ALT and GGT. BUN level was increased
and creatinine level was within normal range. Total protein, albumin and globulin was within normal
range. The animal was treated with blood transfusion (1200 ml) and inj. Diminazine aceturate @ 4.5 mg/kg
body weight im, long acting oxytetracycline @ 20mg/kg body weight im at 48-hour interval on two
occasions, inj. Ferritas @ 10 ml im thrice weekly. The animal recovered well and peripheral blood smear
revealed the absence of anaplasma and babesia organisms in the RBCs. All hemato-biochemical
parameters showed improvement after three days post treatment.

Keywords Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis, Blood Transfusion, Diminazine aceturate, Oxytetracycline.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596511769.
E-mail Address: waseemrather1056@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

448
Successful Management of Ketosis in Crossbred Cow
Rather Waseem Yousuf£1, Amatul Muhee2 , Naseer Ahmad Mir3, Raja Mohmad
Iqbal4, Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat5, Haris Rasool Beigh6, Manzoor Ahmad Kawa7
Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty Of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKAUST-K,
1,2,4,5

Srinagar, India
3
Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar,
India
6
Division of Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinaga, India
7
Division of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar,
India
JKSC-1548

Abstract

A 7-year-old crossbred cow was presented to veterinary clinics FVSc with history of anorexia, reduced
milk yield and selective feeding of roughages and refusing concentrates. On clinical examination
temperature of 101ºF, heart rate 72 beats per minute, respiratory rate 20 per minute and rumen motility
of 2 per minute was found. All these parameters were within normal range. Rothera’s test of milk and
urine sample revealed positive for ketosis. Blood glucose and plasma beta-hydroxy butyric acid levels were
estimated and were found to be 30 mg/dl and 2.5 mmol/litre respectively indicating decreased glucose
and increased beta-hydroxy butyric acid levels and thus confirmed the diagnosis for ketosis. The animal
was treated with inj. Rintose @ 500 ml stat, inj. mifex @ 450 ml stat slowly, inj Tribivet @ 10 ml im OD for
three days, inj. Isoflud @ 10 ml im stat and Glycerol @ 250ml BID for 3 days followed by 100ml OD P/O
for next 3 days. The case was followed for three days post treatment and animal recoverd well with urine
test negative for ketosis. Blood glucose and plasma beta-hydroxy butyric acid levels were again estimated
and were found to be 50 mg/dl and 0.7 mmol/litre respectively indicating their normal levels.

Keywords : Crossbred Cow, Ketosis, Rothera Test, Blood Glucose and BHBA, Rintose, Glycerol.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596511769.
E-mail Address: waseemrather1056@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

449
Topography as a Variable for Mineral Status in Dairy Cattle
of Kashmir Valley
Ovais Shabir Shah£1, Umar Amin2 , Asiya Jan 3, Showkat Ul Nabi4, Tufail Hussain5
1,3,4,5
Division of Veterinary Medicine Ethics & Jurisprudence, F.V.Sc And A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
2
Division of Veterinary Pathology, F.V.Sc & A.H, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1309

Abstract

The present study was conducted in two districts of Kashmir Valley (Srinagar and Budgam), each district
was divided into four topographical zones i.e Hills, Meadows, and Zones near major water bodies and
Animals stall fed throughout year. The aim of the study was to study the effect of topographical variables
on serum mineral status. A total of 960 blood samples were collected from twin districts of Kashmir valley.
Highest prevalence of serum calcium deficiency was observed in areas near water bodies (28.33%) and
lowest in areas where animals are stall fed (18.33%). physiologically highest prevalence of serum calcium
deficiency was observed in lactating animals (23.75%) and lowest in heifer (6.25%). seasonally highest
prevalence of serum calcium deficiency was observed in autumn (23.75%) and lowest in spring and
summer (23.33%). Highest prevalence of serum phosphorus deficiency was observed in meadows (38.33%)
and lowest in hills (26.66%). physiologically highest prevalence of serum phosphorus deficiency was
observed in lactating animals (52.5%) and lowest in heifer (9.37%). seasonally highest prevalence of serum
phosphorus deficiency was observed in autumn (52.5%) and lowest in summer (7.5%). Highest prevalence
of serum magnesium deficiency was observed in areas near water bodies (40%) and lowest in other three
topographic zones (20%). physiologically highest prevalence of serum magnesium deficiency was
observed in heifer (26.25%) and lowest in pregnant animals (18.75%). seasonally highest prevalence of
serum magnesium deficiency was observed in spring (38.3%) and lowest in summer and autumn (11.66%).

Keywords : Topography, Mineral status, Dairy cattle.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906422190.
E-mail Address: bradupn@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

450
Trans-Rectal Ultrasound Guided Management of Repeat
Breeding Cow
Naseer Ah Mir£1, Mehrajuddin Naikoo2, Rather Waseem3, Raja M. Iqbal4, M. A.
Kawa5
1
Division of Animal Reproduction, Gyneacology & Obstetrics, FVSC & AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
2
Division of Argo FVSC & AH, SKAUST-K, Srinagar, India
3,4,5
MVSC Scholar, Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine FVSC & AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1425

Abstract

A crossbred cow of 250 kg weight, 7 years age, and 3rd parity was presented to Veterinary clinical complex
FVSC & AH Shuhama, with history of 4 unsuccessful successive artificial inseminations (repeat breeding).
Per-rectal examination revealed normal reproductive tract, good uterine tone and a large dominant
(Graaffian) follicle on right ovary. Cervico-vaginal discharges were collected in a sterile catheter for wide
side test to rule out the possibility of subclinical infection. The results of which were negative. So, it was
concluded that the cow might be repeating due to some ovulatory defect. In order to diagnose the
possibility ovulatory defect, the animal was subjected to trans-rectal ultrasonography (Esoeta Mylab 40)
at a frequency of 7.5 MHZ successively for three days; day 0 (day of estrous), day 1st and day 2nd.
Ultrasonography scanning of during all successive examinations revealed same anechoic follicle with
17mm×12mm dimensions on the right ovary and an almost smooth left ovary Per-rectal examination on
the 10th day of estrous cycle revealed that a mature corpus lutium (CL) had replaced the earlier follicle.
So, from all these findings, the animal was diagnosed as a case of typical delayed ovulatory. In the next
estrous cycle, the animal was inseminated twice at 24 hours’ interval (double insemination) with 0.25ml
of frozen jersey semen, so as to increase the chances of synchrony between the spermatozoa and the
egg/ovum because of the delayed ovulation of the later. After 28th day of artificial insemination, the
animal was subjected to trans-rectal ultrasonography for early pregnancy diagnosis, which clearly revealed
anechoic amniotic fetal fluid and echogenic embryonic vesicle. The pregnancy was reconfirmed by
palpation per-rectum on 90th day post artificial insemination. Hence, it can be concluded that such cases
can be managed simply by double insemination, which is most economical to the farmer and without
administration of any hormone to the animal.

Keywords : Repeat breeding, Delayed ovulation, Ultrasound, Double Insemination, Follicle.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298771026.
E-mail Address: naseermir320@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

451
Ultrasound /Colour Doppler Guided and Anatomical
Landmark Guided Brachial Plexus Block in Sheep
Comparison.
Urfeya Mirza£1, D. M. Makhdoomi2, Shahnaz Anjum3, Bushra Zaffer4
1,2
Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKAUST-K, Srinagar, India
3
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal Central University, Uttarakhand, India
4
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKAUST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-487

Abstract

In ruminants, surgical procedures are commonly performed under sedation and local or regional
anesthesia. Ultrasonography is an emerging aspect of regional anesthesia that allows the operator to see
neural structures, guide the needle under real-time visualization, navigate away from sensitive anatomy
and monitor the spread of local anesthetic; thereby shortens block onset time and reduces number of
painful pricks. The study was conducted in Mountain Research Station for Sheep and Goat (MRSG)/
Division of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, SKUAST-K on healthy sheep of either sex, randomly allotted
to groups as follows. In perineural/perivascular ultrasound guided/colour doppler guided brachial plexus
block groups having twelve animals (six animals provided with ropivacaine hydrochloride alone and six
animals given ropivacaine in combination with isoflupredone) ultrasonic and colour doppler techniques
were used; in conventional technique group of twelve animals (six animals provided with ropivacaine
hydrochloride alone and six animals given ropivacaine in combination with isoflupredone) anatomical
landmark guided brachial plexus block was performed. By comparing all the groups using statistical
analysis, it was observed that ultrasound and color Doppler allowed a feasible and accurate access to
brachial plexus and significantly shortened the onset and prolonged the duration of anesthesia as
compared to conventional anatomical landmark guided technique of brachial plexus block. These
techniques can provide a safe and convenient alternative to conventional blind technique using
anatomical landmarks besides providing a long lasting analgesia without side effects.

Keywords : Brachial plexus, Colour Doppler, Perineural, Perivascular, Sheep, Ultrasound.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797807655.
E-mail Address: urfeyamirza@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

452
Whole Genome Sequence of Dichleobacter nodosus (JKS-
07B) Isolated from Virulent Foot Rot of Sheep
Shakil Ahmad Wani£1, Zahid Amin Kashoo2, Sabia Qureshi3, Mohd Isafaqul Hussain4 ,
Aasim Habib Wani5, Shafqut Majeed Khan6, Shaheen Farooq7, Bilal Ahmad Dar8
1
Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences And Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
Anaerobic Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC & A.H, SKAUST-K, Srinagar, India
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,

JKSC-1235

Abstract

Footrot is a contagious, debilitating disease of sheep and goats, caused by the synergistic action of several
bacterial species, of which Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) is the essential causative agent. D.nodosus
is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe. The disease is characterized by an exudative inflammation with a
strongly characteristic foul odour, followed by the necrosis of the epidermal tissues of the interdigital skin
and hoof matrix, resulting in separation of the hoof from the underlying soft tissue, severely limiting the
mobility of the animal. The affected animals exhibit lameness, loss of body condition, reduced wool and
meat production and decreased fertility thereby causing huge economic losses to the sheep farming
community. Whole genome of D. nodosus serogroup B isolated from affected sheep was sequenced by
Agrigenomics Laboratory, India. The GC content of the D.nodusus genome was 44.78% and genome has
a size of 535Mb and 1.5Gbases. Several key virulence genes were identified in the genome. The genome has
14,656,922 ORFs. The genome showed 96% homology to D.nodusus VCS1703 reference genome on
alignment using BWA programme. A total of 2940 variant were observed in the genome of which 2,935
(99.83%) were SNP’s and 5(0.17%) were indels. The sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession
no SRX3594754.

Keywords : Footrot, Sheep, Dichelobacter nodosus, Obligate Anaerobe, Whole Genome Sequence.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419023786.
E-mail Address: shakilwani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

453
Antibacterial Effect of Copper Sulphate and Zinc Sulphate
Against Major Mastitis Causing Bacteria in Cows
Rather Waseem Yousuf£, Amatul Muhee, Raja Mohmad Iqbal, Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat,
Ifat Asharaf, Abrar Malik, Showkat-ul-Nabi, Bilal Ahmad Dar
Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKAUST-K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1371

Abstract

The antimicrobial properties of copper sulphate and zinc sulphate have been recognized for several years
and applying these properties to the prevention of bovine mastitis is a new area of research. The present
study was aimed to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of copper sulphate and zinc sulphate on
major mastitis causing bacteria isolated from milk samples of clinical mastitis affected cows presented to
veterinary clinical services complex FVSc and AH Shuhama alusteng during a period of four months. A
total of fourty milk samples were collected from mastitis affected animals and microbiological testing of
raw milk was done. Upon microbiological testing the major mastitis causing bacteria Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli, organisms were identified. A total of 25 isolates were identified in milk
samples as major pathogen, of which 16 (40%) affected with Staphylococcus aurues followed by 9 (22.5%)
with E. coli organisms by using standard cultural procedures. The isolates were identified by using specific
cultural medium and biochemical tests. The four different concentrations of aqueous solutions of copper
sulphate and zinc sulphate were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against pure cultures of
staphylococcus aureus and E.coli grown on mueller hinton agar plates by using agar well diffusion
antibiotic sensitivity test. Results revealed a zone of inhibition of 20 mm, 22 mm, 24.5 mm and 29 mm for
2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations of aqueous copper sulphate against E.coli respectively. A zone of
inhibition of 18 mm, 20 mm, 23 mm and 26 mm was found for 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations of
aqueous copper sulphate against staphylococcus aureus respectively. Further a zone of inhibition of 14
mm, 16.5 mm, 19 mm and 22 mm was found for 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations of aqueous zinc
sulphate against E.coli respectively and a zone of inhibition of 12 mm, 15.5 mm, 17 mm and 20 mm was
found for 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations of aqueous zinc sulphate against staphylococcus aureus
respectively. Based on these in vitro results, copper sulphate and zinc sulphate could represent a good
alternative to dipping solutions, aimed at preventing the presence and multiplication of potentially
pathogenic microorganisms involved in bovine mastitis.

Keywords: Copper Sulphate, Zinc Sulphate, Antimicrobial Activity, Bovine Mastitis. Staphylococcus Aureus,
Escherichia Coliveterinary.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596511769.
E-mail Address: waseemrather1056@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

454
Haemonchus contortus Antigens in Diagnosing of Nematode
Infection in Sheep
Bashir A. Lone£1, Fayaz Ahmad Bhat2, M. Z. Chishti3, Suhaib A. Bandh4, Abida
Khan5
1
Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
2,5
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
3
Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
4
Department of Environmental Sciences, S. P. College, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1695

Abstract

Haemonchus contortus crude antigen revealed 3 protein fractions of molecular weights, 40, 24 and 20 kDa.
Using western blotting technique only two bands 20 and 24 kDa reacted specifically with H. contortus
hyper-immune sera (1:100 dilution). These eluted concentrated fractions (20 and 24) and crude antigens
were used in diagnosing of natural nematode infection in sheep using ELISA. The two H. contortus eluted
protein bands 20 and 24 kDa showed higher sensitivity than their crude antigens in diagnosing of
nematode infection. Protein band 20 kDa appeared more sensitive than other protein bands in assessing
of anti- H. contortus antibodies at higher serum dilution.

Keywords: Haemonchus contortus, Western Blotting, ELISA, Sheep, Antigen.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419384472
E-mail Address: bashir.lone@gamil.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

455
Energy Status in Dry and Lactating Cattle of Kashmir Valley
A. Ishfaq£1, A. M. Ganai2, F. A. Baba3, S. A. Beigh4, Y. A. Beigh5, G. G. Sheikh6
Division of Animal Nutrition, FVSc&AH, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
1,2,5,6

3
Division of Livestock Production and Mangmnt., FVSc&AH, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
4
Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, FVSc&AH, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1642

Abstract

The current study was carried in centrally located Budgam district. Samples of blood were collected from
the eight blocks of district and animals were divided into dry, 0-5 kg, 5-10 kg 10 kg & above yielders on the
basis of milk yield. Samples were analysed for various parameters. Triglycerides (TG) were highest (8.82
mg/dl) in dry animals followed by upto 5 kg yielding animals (8.62 mg/dl), 5-10 kg yielding animals (8.08
mg/dl) and 10 kg & above yielding animals (7.77 mg/dl) with an overall average of 8.39 mg/dl. There was
comparative decrease in TG content with increase in milk production but the data revealed no statically
significant (P>0.05) difference between various groups. The high-density lipids (HDL) were highest (114.02
mg/dl) in lactating animals with milk yield up to 5 kg followed by dry animals (112.95 mg/dl), 5-10 kg
yielding animals (110.90 mg/dl) and 10 kg & above yielding animals (106.08 mg/dl) with an average level
of 111.71 mg/dl. There was no significant (P<0.05) difference between various groups. The cholesterol level
was highest (156.58 mg/dl) in lactating animals with milk yield up to 5 kg followed by dry animals (155.97
mg/dl), 5-10 kg yielding animals (151.26 mg/dl) and 10 kg & above yielding animals (148.68 mg/dl). The
average level was 153.03 mg/dl. There was no significant (P<0.05) difference between various groups.
Glucose was highest (58.68 mg/dl) in group yielding upto 5 kg milk followed by dry animals (55.61 mg/dl),
animals yielding 5-10 kg (54.26 mg/dl) and 10 kg & above yielders (45.67 mg/dl). Statistical analysis of data
revealed significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). On comparison of means glucose content
was significantly (P<0.05) lower (45.67 mg/dl) in lactating animals with milk yield of 10 kg and above, as
compared to low lactating and dry animals. However, glucose content among dry animals, animals
yielding upto 5 kg and animals yielding 5-10 kg was statically non-significant (P<0.05). The average glucose
level was 54.76 mg/dl. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was highest in animals yielding 10 kg and above
(0.63 mmol/L) followed by 5-10 kg animals (0.44 mmol/L), dry animals (0.33 mmol/L) and upto 5 kg
animals (0.29 mmol/L). Statistical analysis of data revealed significant difference between the groups
(P<0.05). On comparison of means, NEFA was significantly (P<0.05) higher (0.63 mmol/L) in lactating
animals with milk yield of 10 kg and above as compared to lower lactating and dry animals. Non-esterified
fatty acids were significantly (P<0.05) higher (0.44 mmol/L) in lactating animals with milk yield of 5-10 kg
as compared to animals yielding upto 5 kg of milk. The average NEFA level was 0.39 mmol/L.

Keywords: Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Fatty Acids, Lactating Animals.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419032485.
E-mail Address: shfa758@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

456
Chemical Sciences
458
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal, Antimicrobial, and
Antioxidant Studies of Hafnium(IV) Macrocyclic Complexes
Gita Devi£, Gauri D. Bajju
Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu,India
JKSC-1286

Abstract
Macrocyclic complexes are important compounds having thermal and chemical stability. In this study, we
presented the synthesis and our finding of the study of the hafnium(IV) porphyrins with derivatives of
salicylates as axial ligands. The work was undertaken to ascertain the mode of coordination of various
ligands to hafnium(IV) porphyrin. The axially ligated macrocyclic complexes of tetrakis(4-
chlorophenyl)porphyrin were prepared by reaction of metallated porphyrin with salicylate derivatives
with general formula (5-XSA)Hf(TCP)[where 5-XSA(X=H, Cl, HSO3, NO2, NH2) = substituted salicylate;
and TCP= the dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)porphyrin]. A comparative study was done by
insertion of metal ion in free base ligand and by choosing different electron donating and electron
withdrawing axial ligands. On the basis of elemental analysis, spectroscopic studies (UV“Vis, 1H and 13C
NMR, IR, mass), a six coordinate geometry have been proposed for these complexes. The nature of
substituent on the axial ligand is shown to affect the biological properties. Most of the synthesized
complexes have shown moderate antibacterial and antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Keywords: Hafnium, Meso-tetrakis (4-chlorohenyl) porphyrin, Salicylate, Thermogravimmetry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +918493825252.
E-mail Address: parihar.gita@ymail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

459
Application of Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction to Analytical
Chemistry: Solvent Effect on the Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC)
of Resins
Sna Rashid£1, Nadeem Bashir Ganaie2, G. M. Peerzada3
1,3
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
2
Department of Chemistry, Govt. College for Women Nawakadal Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1018

Abstract
Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction[1-7] is a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non
equilibrium thermodynamics resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. Although
the BZ reaction is a chemical oscillator, understanding its chemical mechanism helps us to understand
the mechanism of various complex biological oscillators like beating of heart, cell cycle, nerve impulses,
etc. The travelling waves observed in the BZ reaction resemble the electromagnetic waves generated in
the muscle tissues. In other words, BZ reaction has been widely used to mimic the biological phenomena.
In this investigation the BZ reaction has been used as an analytical tool to study the effect of solvents on
the ion exchange capacity of various ion exchange resins. Well established malonic acid-cerium (IV)-
bromate- sulfuric acid based BZ system was employed and the solvents used were alcohols, ketones, etc.
The various resins used were cationic, anionic and chelating types. Herein, a specific amount of resin was
allowed to interact with varied amount of solvents (v/v) for a fixed contact time of 1 hour each under
stirring thermostatic conditions. The supernatant was discarded and the residual resin was again
interacted with optimized concentration of the metal catalyst (Ce4+) for another one hour. This
supernatant was then used as an initial reagent in the said BZ reaction to compare the oscillatory
parameters with optimized profile. Experimental studies reveal that some of the solvents act as promoters
of ion exchange capacity (IEC) (i.e., increase the ion exchange capacity) while others act as inhibitors (i.e.,
decrease the IEC). The study may help in tuning the synthesis of ion exchangers with specific IEC and may
also help in selective modifications in various ion exchangers in future.

Keywords: BZ reaction, Supernatant, Thermostat, IEC, Promoters, Inhibitors.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697911026.
E-mail Address: shahsna88@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

460
Batch Adsorption Studies on Removal of Dye Using Agro-
Waste
Gajanan Chandrakant Upadhye£, Vinay Hiralal Singh, Atul Sarangrao Renge
Taluka-Karjat, District-Raigad Karjat-410201, India.
JKSC-267

Abstract
Purification of industrial waste water polluted by anionic dye was carried by adsorption process. Anionic
dye (i.e. Acid Yellow 24) from waste water can be effectively taken out by Madhuca Longifolia Seeds Hull
(MLSH) as adsorbent in the sorption technique. MLSH is a low cost and easily available agricultural waste
in our ambience. Batch equilibrium method was followed to study the effects of some physico-chemical
experimental conditions such as pH, agitation time and adsorbent dose. Equilibrium adsorption isotherm
was also studied and found to be suitable with Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic parameters were in
conformity with pseudo-second order. The present research projects towards applicability of MLSH in
designing low cost adsorbent and for treating effluent water in industries or other adsorption processes.
The observations and findings were interpreted at laboratory scale.

Keywords: Adsorption, Acid Yellow, Madhca Longifolia, Agricultural Wastes, Anionic Dye.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +919823731718.
E-mail Address: gaj_upa@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

461
Biocatalytic Approaches Towards Enantioselective Synthesis of
1,2-Amino Alcohols and Other Useful Precursors of Bioactive
Molecules
Pankaj Gupta£1, Neha Mahajan2
1
Department of Chemistry Govt Degree College Kathua,India.
2
Department of Biotechnology Gdc Kathua,India.
JKSC-670

Abstract

Despite tremendous advances accomplished through developing cheaper and more versatile chemical
catalysts and optimizing the reaction media, the global needs for clean manufacturing technologies,
management of hazardous chemicals and waste present new research challenges to both chemistry and
biotechnology. Recent advances in biocatalysis, fueled by either protein engineering or screening, greatly
improved the number of synthetic opportunities from small chiral polyfunctional molecules to highly
complex analogs.
Chiral 1,2-amino alcohols 1, 1,3-diols 2 and carboxylic acids 3 are the vital structural components of a large
number of biologically active molecules with potential pharmaceutical relevance and in chiral auxiliaries.
The development of new protocols utilizing biocatalysts/chemocatalysts for the stereoselective synthesis
of these molecules continue to be of great interest in organic chemistry. The present work involves the
biocatalytic approaches towards the synthesis of these molecules by panel of microorganisms bearing
lipases/oxedoreductases belonging to IIIM-Jammu, SMVDU-Katra repositories as well as those procured
from commercial sources. The immobilization of the substrate on a solid inert support as well as
immobilization of enzymes significantly improved the enantioselectivity factor (E). The effect of acyl
substituents and co-solvents were also studied.

Keywords: Enantio Selectivity, Biocatalyst, Chemo Enzymatic, 1,2-Diols, Chiral Acids and 1,3-Diols.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419251800.
E-mail Address: pankajrrl@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

462
Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of Saffron (Crocus
sativus L) Extracts from Jammu and Kashmir
Syed Muzaffar£1, Sajad Ahmad Rather2, Khaliquz Zaman Khan3
1,2
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India,
3
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir,India.
JKSC-1355

Abstract

Saffron selections of J & K are heterogeneous for floral characteristics which are mainly attributed to the
environmental and genetic factors which may have role with regard to its differential characteristics across
various selections found in the region. Identification of high yielding selections using the existing gene
pool of saffron may help in improving the productivity of this crop. Saffron, the most expensive spice in
the world, is derived from the dry stigmata of the saffron flower and is having very high medicinal
potential due to presence of some bioactive compounds like crocin and safranal. In present study
quantification and bio-evaluation studies of different samples of Crocus sativus L. collected from different
places of J & K were done in order to estimate the levels of bioactive compounds and their activities.
Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with ultra violet diode array
detector (UV- DAD) was carried out to quantify safranal and crocin in the methanolic extracts of different
samples of saffron and the content of these bioactive compounds varied significantly across different
samples. Highest crocin (38.6 mg/g of stigmas) and safranal (0.25mg/g of stigma) contents were found in
saffron samples collected from Kishtawar (K-1) and minimum crocin (17.64 mg/g of stigmas) and safranal
(0.018mg/g of stigma) contents were found in saffron samples collected from Budgam district (BD-1).
Furthermore the bio-evaluation studies were carried out by studying the antiproliferative and antioxidant
potential of methanolic extracts of different samples of saffron. Saffron extracts showed high
antiproliferative activities when used against Caco-2 and A-549 cancer cell lines. Also high antioxidative
potential was observed in saffron extracts which was revealed through MTT and DPPH assays. Thus
present study clearly deciphers the neutraceutical role of bioactive compounds like safranal and crocin in
saffron.

Keywords: crocus sativus, Safranal, Crocin, RP-HPLC, MTT Assay, DPPH Assay.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889318164.
E-mail Address: syedmuzafar05@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

463
Catalyst Free and Sonication Promoted: A Novel Strategy for
the Synthesis of Biologically Potent Benzoxazine Hybrids
Malik Abdul Waseem£, Bilal Ahamad Bhat
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research. CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar,India.

JKSC-1319

Abstract

The Sonication promoted straight forward synthesis of benzoxazine hybrids from easily available
reactants has been disclosed. The reaction involves the formation of C-O and C-N bonds that lead
heterocyclization to form biologically useful benzoxazine hybrid. The presented protocol is highly
advanced intermes of high product yield, catalyst free nature, petite reaction time, easy handling of
reaction procedure and simple workup process.

Keywords: Novel Benzoxazine, C-N and C-O Bond Formation, Metal Free, Green Protocol.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697911026.
E-mail Address: shahsna88@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

464
Chemoprofiling of Viscum A314lbum
Shameem Ahmad Shameem£1, Bashir Ahmad Ganai2, Khaliquz Zaman Khan3,Mudasir
Ahmad Tantray4
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
4
S. P. College, Cluster University, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1285

Abstract

Fractional extraction followed by column chromatography of methanolic extract of Viscum album

growing as a parasitic plant on Juglans regia led to the isolation of a Ursolic (1), Oleanolic (2) as well as
Betulinic (3) acids apart from 2,4-dimethyl cyclopetanone (4). The chemical characterisation of the
compound was achieved by MS, IR and NMR. The compounds were evaluated for anticancer and
antioxidant activity through different standard procedures, of which compound (1), (2), (3) showed a
prominent activity.

Keywords: Viscum Album, Ursolic Acid, Oleanolic Acid, Betulinic Acid, 2,4-Dimethyl Cyclopentanone.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906592691.
E-mail Address: shameemshah2013@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

465
Chemoselective Monobenzoylation of Diols with Benzoyl
Cyanide: A Green and Regioselctive Approach
Bisma Teli£
CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine,, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1321

Abstract

Chemo selective O-C bond formation was achieved from benzoylcyanide and variety of hydroxyl
containing reagents. The disclosed method is highly advanced and green as it is devoid of catalyst, base
and solvents. Unprecedented selective O-C bond formation was expertly done with library of hydroxyl
reagents such as cyclic and acyclic diols, triols to polyols and sugars. Further hydroxy anilines and thiols
were successfully employed in order to achieve library of monobenzoylated compounds. In this protocol
we have documented the notable advances towards chemo selectivity for important natural products. The
chosen strategy illustrates important issues regarding selectivity, scope, reactivity, product yield, reaction
time and designing new synthetic routes for other useful synthetic products .

Keywords: Chemo Selective, O-C Bond Formation, Transition Metal, Free Neat Condition, Green Protocol.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889544502.
E-mail Address: bismaachm191@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

466
Colour Indicators-Making Sense of Lanthanide
Photoluminescence
Wakeel Ahmed Dar£, Khalid Iftikhar
Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
JKSC-719

Abstract

The lanthanide ions, as main light emitting centers, have been largely studied for their use from biological
to material world. The luminescence from lanthanide complexes is typically characterized by narrow line-
like emission peaks, Richardson's shift and relatively longer lifetimes (microseconds to milliseconds). The
huge efforts have been dedicated in increasing the quantum efficiency of the luminescent lanthanide
complexes. The design of the highly efficient luminescent lanthanide complexes requires the selection of
both the suitable luminescent lanthanide ion and the design of the ligating ancillaries (organic
chromophores). A heterocyclic ammine as ancillary ligand coordinated to lanthanide(III) tris-β-
diketonate complex was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. This work demonstrates that optical
efficiency can be used as a single performance parameter to measure emission colour change of lanthanide
β-diketonate complexes in different phases. We introduce here a simple method to optimize the
lanthanide photoluminescence, focussing on colour changing properties with a view to develop high
performance luminescent materials as colour indicators.

Keywords: Lanthanides, Photoluminescence, Emission, Color Indicator.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8750554974.
E-mail Address: darwakeel@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

467
Combined Density Functional Theory and Molecular Docking
Studies Reveal the Potential of Newly Synthesized N-
Congeners of Testololactone and Testolactone as Aromatase
Inhibitors
Shabir Hussain Lone£
Department of Chemistry, GDC Anantnag, India.
JKSC-314

Abstract

Testololactone (10) and Testolactone (11) represent the aromatase inhibitors containing lactone rings. We
previously reported their hemisynthesis from the most common phytosterols which are highly abundant
in nature. Herein, we report the synthesis of their nitrogen congeners: Testololactum (3) and Testolactum
(8). The reaction process involves the conversion of 4-androstene-3,17-dione to its corresponding oxime
using hydroxylamine hydrochloride whose Beckmann rearrangement under acid conditions yielded the
desired Testololactum (3). However, Testolactum (8) was formed by the Beckmann rearrangement of the
oxime (7) of 1,4-androstene-3,17-dienone (6). This expeditious reaction scheme may be exploited for the
bulk production of Testololactum (3) and Testolactum (8). Theoretical DFT studying structural and
electronic properties of all the end products was carried out using the Becke three-parameter Lee-Yang-
Parr function (B3LYP) and 6-31G (d,p) basis set. Molecular electrostatic potential map and frontier orbital
analysis were carried out. HOMO-LUMO energy gap was calculated which allowed the calculation of
relative reactivity descriptors like chemical hardness, chemical inertness, chemical potential,
nucleophilicity, and electrophilicity index of the synthesized products. Molecular docking studies of
Testololactum (3), Testolactum (8) and Testololactone (10), with aromatase (CYP19), displayed binding
free energies of (ΔGb) = -9.85, -9.62 and -10.14 kcal/mol respectively compared to the standard
Testolactone (11), a well-known aromatase inhibitor sold under the brand name TESLAC, which exhibited
a binding free energy (ΔGb) of -10.29 kcal/mol with inhibition constant Ki of 28.87 nM. The docking study
revealed that nitrogen congeners exhibit relatively lower but appreciable therapeutic efficiency to be
called as aromatase inhibitors.

Keywords: Testolactone, Testololactone, Testololactum, Testolactum, Dft; Docking.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596484654.
E-mail Address: lone.shabir480@gmail.com.
© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

468
Complexation of Oxovanadium(IV) and Dioxouranium(VI)
with Synthesized 1,2-(Diimino-4™-antipyrinyl)-1,2-
diphenylethane Schiff Base: A Thermodynamic, Kinetic and
Bioactivity Investigation
Shabnum Bashir£, Masood Ahmad Rizvi
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir,India.
JKSC-1391

Abstract

We report the comparative synthetic methodologies and characterization of a tetradentate Schiff base
ligand 1,2-(diimino-4-antipyrinyl)-1,2-diphenylethane (DE). The target synthesis of oxovanadium(IV) and
dioxouranium(VI) complexes (vanadyl and uranyl) with the (DE) ligand was also attempted to envisage
the effect of metal ion steric factor on complexation process through solution phase thermodynamic and
kinetic studies. The thermodynamic stabilities of synthesized vanadyl and uranyl (DE) complexes are
discussed in light of their solution phase thermodynamic stability constants obtained by electroanalytical
method. A comparative kinetic profile of vanadyl and uranyl complexation with DE is also reported. The
complexation reaction proceeds with an overall 2nd order kinetics with both metal ions. Temperature
dependent studies of rate constants present an activation energy barrier of ca. 40.913 and 48.661 KJ mol -1,
for vanadyl and uranyl complexation, respectively, highlighting the metal ion steric and ligand
preorganization effects. The synthesized Schiff base ligand and its vanadyl and uranyl complexes were
screened for biocidal potential as antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic agents with the results
compared to corresponding reference drugs.

Keywords: Schiff Base, Oxovanadium(IV), Dioxouranium(VI), Activation Energy, Biocidal Potential.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796383093.
E-mail Address: shabnumbashir@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

469
Copper Catalyzed Tandem One-Pot Protocol for the Synthesis
of N-arylphosphoramidates from Arylboronic Acids and
Esters.
Nisar A. Dangroo£1, Tabassum Ara2, M. A. Khuroo3
1,2
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar ,India.
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1109

Abstract

Phosphoramidates are an important class of organic compounds with (O=)PNH group and have
widespread application in different areas of chemistry. Phosphoramidate moiety represents a key
structural unit in a number of pharmacologically active natural products like agrocin 84, phosmidosine,
and microcin C7. N-arylphosphoramidates have been used as precursors for the synthesis of various
pharmacologically active heterocycles such as azetidines, aziridines, quinazolinediones, and imines. They
also form important pharmacophore of many biologically potent compounds e.g., sofosbuvir (FDA
approved drug) used for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV), evofosfamide (TH-302) which is in
clinical evaluation for cancer treatment. Owing to their great utility and potential applications in various
areas of chemistry particularly in pharmaceutical arena, a one-pot protocol for the synthesis of N-aryl
phosphoramidates from arylboronic acids/esters, NaN3 and trialkylphosphites via Chan lam type coupling
has been reported. The method is highly efficient, economical and safe involving insitu generation of
organic azides. This reaction has a wide substrates scope and offers the possibility of synthesizing
phosphoramidates in good yield under mild conditions with broad functional group compatibility. The
developed protocol could provide a valuable method for the synthesis of more complex heterocyclic
phosphoramidate scaffolds with biological and medicinal potential.

Keywords: Phosphoramidates, Arylboronic Acids/Esters, Cupper Acetate And Medicinal Importance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803524511.
E-mail Address: nisar.iiim@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

470
Effect of Various Donor Groups on Photovoltaic Performance
of Porphyrin Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Ravi Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Govt Degree College Udhampur, India.
JKSC-1451

Abstract

Keeping in view the future energy crisis owing to the consumption of large amount of fossil fuels in last
few decades enforces the scientific community all over the world to develop artificial photosynthesis and
photovoltaic technologies to harvest substantially inexhaustible solar energy for the development of a
sustainable society. Numerous environmental issues aroused by consumption of a huge amount of fossil
fuel in the last several years. Promising alternatives to conventional, expensive and toxic ruthenium and
silicon-based photovoltaic devices are dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with low-cost production and
high power conversion efficiencies to meet the requirement of global energy consumption and
development of sustainable society. Porphyrins have been employed as excellent candidates for Dye
Sensitized Solar Cells due to their outstanding properties such as strong absorption in visible region, high
thermal and chemical stability, and of course the flexible architectural modification to modify the
physicochemical and optoelectronic parameters. Pioneer work in porphyrin based solar cells was carried
out by Gratzel et al. with a record power conversion efficiency of 12% using push-pull design and cobalt-
based redox shuttle. Owing to broad range and intense absorption spectral features, Donor Acceptor type
sensitizers, consisting of an electron-donating group (D), spacer (Ï), and an electron-withdrawing
anchoring group (A), have been widely investigated. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of several push-
pull Zn(II) in good yields with power conversion efficiency upto 7.11% under one sun illumination. In this
presentation, we will discuss about the facile synthesis, spectral, electrochemical redox properties and
photovoltaic characteristics of these porphyrinic sensitizers in detail.

Keywords: Artificial Photosynthesis, Photovoltaics, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Donor, Acceptor, Electrochemical
Redox Properties.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8492805549.
E-mail Address: rkuhp05@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

471
Essential oil Composition of Artemisia dubia Wall. and
Evaluation of its Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities
Shameem Ahmad Shameem£1, Abdul Rashid Malik2, Bashir Ahmad Ganai3, Khaliquz
Zaman Khan4, Mudasir Ahmad Tantray5
1,3
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
2,4
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, India.
5
S.P. College, Cluster University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1477

Abstract

The freshly harvested aerial parts of Artemisia dubia Wall. upon hydrodistillation provided a
refreshing blue essential oil with characteristic pleasant smell. The oil was found to be complex
mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes and 74 compounds comprising of (86.18 %) of the oil were
characterized with the help of gas Chromatography GC, Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry GC/MS. Major compounds of the oil were characterized as Nerylisovalerate (9.79
%), Eucalyptol (8.32 %), Neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate (7.32 %), Chamazulene (5.92%), Linalool
(4.15 %), S-(-)- Camphor (4.10 %), Germacrene D (4.04 %) and Nerol ( 3.37%). This investigation
performed on essential oil constituents of Artemisia dubia allowed the distinction of this plant
growing in this temperate region of Western Himalaya from the same plant with different
varieties growing in different parts of world. The oil was evaluated for antioxidant and antifungal
activities was found to have significant antioxidant activity and antifungal activity against C.
albicans, C.parapsilosis and C. glabrata fungal strains.

Keywords: Artemisia dubia, Essential oil, Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906592691.
E-mail Address: shameemshah2013@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

472
Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Estimation of
Antioxidant Potential of Viscum album Linn.
Shameem Ahmad Shameem£1, Abdul Rashid Malik2, Bashir Ahmad Ganai3, Khaliquz
Zaman Khan4, Mudasir Ahmad Tantray5
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir,India.
1,3

Centre Of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, India.

2,4

5
S. P. College, Cluster University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1281

Abstract

Viscum album Linn. also known as European mistletoe is a parasitic medicinal plant growing on different
types of deciduous tree hosts and is widely distributed throughout the world. It is used in traditional
medicine for the treatment of wide variety of ailments like diabetes, inflammatory diseases, hypertension
and in cancer. The present investigation deals with the determination of chemical composition of the
volatile constituents from hexane (non-polar) and methanolic (polar) extracts of Viscum album growing
on Ulmus villosa in Kashmir Himalayas using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
techniques for separation and identification of the chemical constituents in the methanolic and hexane
extracts. Analysis of both of the extracts revealed the presence of triterpenoids, fatty acids, fatty esters,
steroids and vitamin E. From the identified constituents, monomethyl inositol (33.70%), 4-O-
methylmannose (20.12%), 2,3,-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (3.93%) were found to be the main
components of methanolic extract and hexacosane (23.24%), I-amyrin acetate (15.16%), pentatriacontane
(7.17%) were the major components from hexane extract. The major class of metabolites present in the
plant are found to be inositols followed by triterpenes, hydrocarbons and sugars. The methanolic extract
of the plant was found to possess a significant antioxidant activity. The plant can serve as a good source
for exploration of metabolites used against oxidative stress like cancer, diabetes and neurological
disorders.

Keywords: Viscum album, Ulmus villosa, Terpenes, GC-MS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906592691.
E-mail Address: shameemshah2013@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

473
Identification of Novel Phytochemical Constituent from
Mesua ferrea L. (Seeds)
Faizan Danish Khaleel
Vikram University Ujjain (M.P), India.
JKSC-1001

Abstract

Novel phytochemical compound was isolated from the hexane extract of Mesua ferrea L. (seeds) by using
n-hexane. The new compound Decyl tritetracontanoate-5-ene was identified by spectral (1H NMR, 13C
NMR, Mass spectrum, elemental analysis) and chemical analysis. The compound being novel is first time
reported by us.

Keywords: Mesua ferrea L.,Calophyllaceae, Aliphatic.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596040579.
E-mail Address: faizandanish332@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

474
Luminescence Sensitization of Trivalent Lanthanide ions- An
Overview
Rukhsana Jabeen Wani£1, Arshad Hussain Shah2, Altaf H. Pandith3
1,3
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
2
Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1174

Abstract

This review is an attempt to discuss the ligands and the mechanism that result in the enhancement of
luminescence intensity of lanthanides through Antenna effect. The luminescent lanthanides display
remarkable optical properties and find high technological, industrial and biomedical applications.
Lanthanides having well shielded inner f-orbitals show little interaction of 4f electrons with the chemical
environments, the factor that forms key to the chemical and spectroscopic properties of these metal ions.
These provide an excellent example of luminescent materials with emission lines extending over the
entire spectrum from UV (Gd3+ ) to visible (Pr 3+ ,Sm3+ , Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy 3+, Tm3+) and NIR Pr3+, Nd3+ , Ho 3+
, Er 3+ , Yb 3+ ) ranges. But owing to the small molar absorption co-efficient of Ln3+ ions (0.1-1.0 M-1cm-1)
and very weak oscillator strengths of f-f transitions, the direct excitation into the 4f excited levels rarely
yields high luminescent materials. Therefore luminescent ions embedded into an inorganic matrix or an
organic environment which is a good light harvester can be used for luminescence sensitization (antenna
effect). For aromatic, - * and/or n- * transitions of unsaturated ligands are the main performer of
light harvesting. The sensitization process is advantageous as it gives rise to very large Stokes shifts which
allow an easy spectral separation of the remaining matrix luminescence from the metal ion emission. This
sensitization proceeds in three steps and is exceedingly complex process involving numerous rate
constants. Two main mechanisms are usually invoked for the T1-to-Ln 3+ transfer. 1. Dexter,s (exchange)
mechanism and 2. Forster,s (dipole-dipole) mechanism. The quantum yield resulting from the indirect
excitation is given by QLnL =η sens QLnLn where QLnL is the quantum yield resulting from the indirect
excitation and QLnLn is the quantum yield resulting from direct excitation and η sens represents efficacy
with which electromagnetic energy is transferred from the surrounding onto the metal ion. The fine
tuning of sensitization of trivalent lanthanide ions and the prevention of non-radiative process is also
discussed here.

Keywords: Lanthanides, Luminescence, Antenna Effect, Stokes Shift, Oscillator Strength, Quantum Yield.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491049067.
E-mail Address: rukhsanawani75@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

475
Metal Organic Framework of Piperic acid and Nickel Salt
(NiCl2) as Effective Antimicrobial Agent
Mehraj Ud Din Bhat£, Masood Ur Rahman, Zubaid ul Khazir, Javid Ahmad Banday
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, NIT, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-648

Abstract

Piperic acid a synthetic analog of Piperine isolated from Piper nigrum was subjected to complexation with
nickel salt. A greenish polycrystalline precipitate of Ni-piperic acid complex was obtained in appreciable
yields. The formation of the complex was confirmed by adopting various spectral techniques viz FTIR,
XRD and SEM. The synthesised complex was subjected to antimicrobial screening against bacterial and
fungal pathogens. The complex showed enhanced antifungal potential towards both the tested fungal
strains: Candida Albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus with MIC values of 2.5 and 1.75 respectively. However
it showed less potency towards the bacterial pathogen E. coli with MIC value of 4.75 and showed slightly
better potency against S.typhi with mic value of 3.5. Moreover it was confirmed that piperic acid showed
less potency against both bacterial and fungal pathogens than its synthesised analog.

Keywords: Piperic acid, Complexation, Antimicrobial screening.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596901498.
E-mail Address: jinnmehraj@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

476
Microwave Assisted Catalyst and Solvent Free One Pot
Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates
Gazunfor Ali£1, Masood Ur Rahman2, Masood A. Rizvi 3, Tabassum Ara4
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, NIT Srinagar,India.
1, 2, 3
4
Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-659

Abstract

Microwave assisted rapid, efficient and environmentally benign process has been devised for the synthesis
of α-Î-aminophosphonates via one-pot three-component condensation of the aldehdes, amines and
triethylphosphite. The desired products were obtained in appreciable yields with maximum purity under
solvent and catalyst free conditions. The study with diverse aldehydes and amines reveals that microwave
radiations plays a key role in the direct synthesis of α-aminophosphonates.

Keywords: α-Aminophosphonates, Microwave, One Pot, Catalyst Free.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051164187.
E-mail Address: gazunfor@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

477
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Glutathione Coated Hallow
Zinc Oxide (Glu@h-ZnO) for the Removal of Heavy Metal
ions From Contaminated Water
Lateef Ahmad Malik£, Arshid Bashir Dar, Altaf Husain Pandith
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.,
JKSC-722

Abstract

Glutathione coated hallow Zinc Oxide hereafter Glu@h-ZnO was successfully synthesized under micro
wave conditions using polystyrene (PS) as template. In this typical synthesis ZnO coated polystyrene was
first synthesised in microwave synthesizer from which hallow ZnO (h-ZnO) was obtained after calcinating
the former at 400 o C. Hallow ZnO and glutathione were mixed well under ultrasonic conditions in limited
amount of methanol resulting in the formation of Glu@h-ZnO. The as-synthesized material was
characterized by Fourier Transmission Infra Red (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography (XRD),
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Light Scattering
(DLS) and zeta potential (ζ) . Variation in ζ at various pH values was also determined in order to find
out optimum pH for maximum adsorption of metal ions from water. We investigated the sorption
performance of Glu@h-ZnO towards the uptake of Hg(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous medium under
non competitive batch conditions. The batch experimental data was also correlated with theoretically
obtained data obtained from DFT studies on these metal ion-composite complexes.

Keywords: Glutathione,Hallow Zinc Oxide,Polystyrene,Adsorption,DFT.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596445469.
E-mail Address: maliklateef9@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

478
Mono-sesuiterpenoid Compositional Variability in the
Essential Oil of Juglans regia L. Collected from Low and High
Altitude Locations of Kashmir Valley (India)
Bilal Ahmad Dar £1, Wajahat Amin Shah 2, Khursheed Ahmad Bhat 3
1,3
Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Srinagar,India.
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-598

Abstract

The hydrodistilled essential oils from Juglans regia leaves collected from two low altitudinal locations
{ Srinagar (S)and Pulwama (P)} and two high altitudinal locations {Gulmarg(G) and Yusmarg(Y)} of
Kashmir valley ware analysed by a combination of capillary GC-FID and GC-MS analytical techniques.
Both qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the essential oil collected from low (S & P)
and high altitudinal locations (G & Y), with S & P oil samples having percentage yield 0.030% and 0.035%
while as it was 0.020 and 0.025 for the samples obtained from G and Y respectively. Also oil samples from
S & P showing greater number of chemical constituents (27 & 28 respectively ) than G and Y essential oil
samples (8 & 10 respectively).The S and P oil samples exhibited the dominance of monoterpene
hydrocarbons constituting 88..2 % and 80.5 % of the total oil composition respectively. The major
components in S and P oil samples being β-Pinen(48.1% and 45.4 %), α-Pinene(31.0% and 24.3% ),
Germacrene-D(7.0 % and 8.0 % ) respectively. The high altitudinal essential oil samples G and Y were
characterised by the dominance of Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons constituting 89.7 % and 92.0 %
respectively of the total oil composition . The major components in the G and Y oil samples were
Germacrene-D (52.0 % and 45.1 %) , β-Caryophyllene (34.0 % 32.5%) and (Z)-β-Farnesene (5.9% and
8.7%) respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons which constitute the bulk of the S and P essentiao oil
composition were totally absent in G and Y essential oil samples. The current study is the first attempt
that reports the altitudinal impact on the essential oil composition of J. regia growing in Kashmir valley.

Keywords: Juglans regia, Juglandaceae, GC-MS, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, -Caryophyllene, Germacrene-D.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797707300.
E-mail Address: 479bilal@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

479
NBS/DMSO Mediated Highly Chemo- and Diastereoselective
Vicinal Bromination of Olefins; Applications to Natural
Products and Glycals
Hafiz Ul Lah£1, Tabassum Ara2, Syed Khalid Yousuf 3
1,3
Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar,India.
2
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Srinagar, India.
JKSC-914

Abstract

A highly chemo- and diastereoselective vic-dibromination of olefins has been developed. The process
exploits oxidising nature of DMSO and NBS as bromine source. High substrate scope, simple reaction
conditions, application to natural products and glycals makes the process very attractive. Initially, styrene
(1 equiv.) and NBS (2 equiv.) were allowed to stir in DMSO under nitrogen at room temperature.
Instantaneous generation of yellow colour and its decolouration prompted us to check the reaction
progress. During the standardization of the reaction we Concluded that that use of 3:3 equiv. of NBS and
DMSO in dry DCM are the best condition for the generation of 1,2 dibromo alkanes from alkenes in just
5-30 minutes.
Under these optimised reaction conditions, a series of substituted styrenes, and other alkenes were were
allowed to react with NBS. In all cases, the corresponding vicinal dibromo derivatives were obtained in
good to high yield. The optimized conditions were tested for the bromination of some of the important
natural products. Initially selective dibromination of parthenin was achieved in 80% yield under the
standardised reaction conditions in 30 minutes without affecting other functionalities. Similarly Osthol
and Citral also proceeded smoothly to afford the vicinal dibromo product in high yield and high
selectively. Later the same optimized conditions were tried for dibromination of glycals with success.
Under the optimized conditions glycals not only reacted smoothly to yield the dibromo product in high
yield but with 100% diastereoselectivty.

Keywords: Oxidative Bromination, Olefins, Natural Products, Glycals, Diastereoselective and Chemoselective.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797727331.
E-mail Address: hafeezdar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

480
Non-Volatile Chemical Composition of Saffron Native to
Jammu and Kashmir
Mudasir Ahmad Mir£1, Syed Muzafar2
1,3
Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Chemistry, Srinagar,India.,
JKSC-966

Abstract

Saffron derived from stigmatic portion of Crocus sativus is considered to be the king of spices with the
costliest tag in terms of weight has not received much scientific attention within the state of Jammu and
Kashmir, though this is an important privileged asset to this state and constitutes approximately 16% of
agricultural income. This golden crop of our state is world famous due to its glorifying dark reddish
aromatic stigmas and there are thousands of people involved in cultivation and trade of saffron within
and outside Jammu and Kashmir. More importantly, there is a deep interest growing globally among
scientists, herbal and pharmaceutical industries to explore biochemical and biological profile of saffron
spice so that various products could be formulated based on saffron integration. Therefore, the current
study was aimed to analyse the non-volatile chemical profile of saffron indigenous to the Valley of
Kashmir. The prepared methanolic extract was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis and 30 compounds were
identified. The compounds were found to be mainly flavonoids and phenolic in nature, and possessed the
potential to cure and prevent different diseases related to oxidative stress preliminary. The complex
chemical profile of saffron enables this spice to be used by multiple industries as a major ingredient in
different formulations.

Keywords: Non-volatile, Saffron, Crocus sativus, LC-MS/MS, Phenloics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8050657371.
E-mail Address: syedmuzafar05@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

481
Nor (24)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol from Cortinarius sp.
Abdul Rashid Malik£1, Shameem Ahmad Shameem2, Bashir A. Ganaie3, Abdul Hamid
Wani4, Mudasir A. Tantry5
Centre of Research for Development (Cord) University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
1,2,3

4
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
5
Department of Chemistry, S. P. College, Cluster University, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1419

Abstract

Mushrooms have remained as a delicacy since ancient times but their therapeutic potential and the
nutritive value has been explored in the recent past. Bioactive compounds have been isolated from many
wild edible mushrooms with their unique health enhancing properties. Mushrooms are considered rich
in proteins, carbohydrates and other nutrients. In this backdrop a study was carried out to document the
ethno-medicinal uses, nutritional value and to evaluate the bioactive chemical compounds of some wild
mushrooms of Kashmir Himalaya. Fractional extraction followed by column chromatography of ethyl
acetate extract of macro-fungus Cortinarius sp led to the isolation of a sterol, Nor-ergosta-5,9, 22-trien-3-
ol. The chemical characterization of the compound was achieved by MS, IR and NMR. Activity of the
compound was obtained through different standard procedures, of which compound showed a prominent
antioxidant and anticancer activity. Therefore the mushroom under study has a high therapeutic
potential.

Keywords: Cortinarius Spp, Nor-Ergosta-5,7, 22-Trien-3β-Ol, Biological Activity, Ethno-Medicinal Uses, Kashmir
Himalaya.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419920786.
E-mail Address: armalik2000@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

482
Post Synthetic Modification of Ball Milled Mesoporous Carbon
Nitride by Dithiocarbamate Groups for Quick Uptake of Heavy
Metals from Aqueous System: Experimental and DFT studies
Sozia Ahad Bhat£, Arshid Bashir Dar, Altaf Hussain Pandith
1
Department of Chemistry, University Srinagar, India.
JKSC-729

Abstract

Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (m-gC3N4) nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile template free
approach via an efficient and eco-friendly ball milling of ethylene glycol stabilized melamine powder. By
modifying the surface terminated NH2 groups of g-C3N4 with hydrazine; the diazanyl group so introduced
onto the g-C3N4 surface could easily be converted into dithiocarbamate group by reacting diazanyl
functionality with carbon disulfide under basic pH. The as synthesized composite material was
characterized by FT-IR, TGA-DTG, BET, PXRD, SEM and TEM. The title compound here after gC3N4-
DTC exhibit a promising affinity towards removal of soft heavy metals such as Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II),Hg(II)
and As(III) as well as radioactive UO2(II) ions from aqueous system. In order to mimic the experimental
adsorption data obtained, computational studies on the title composite was carried out using density
Functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional.

Keywords: Carbon Nitride, Ball Milling, Dithiocarbamate, Heavy Metals, DFT.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797705310.
E-mail Address: soziaahad@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

483
Preliminary Biochemical Screening of Artemisia maritima
Mahpara Qadir£, Wajaht Amin Shah
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-508

Abstract

The genus Artemisia (family: Asteraceae) is one of the most widely distributed and largest genus,
comprising of around 500 species which are distributed mainly in the temperate zones of Europe,
Asia and North America. Of these, thirty two species occur in India. Artemisia species possess
pharmacological properties that are used for medical purposes worldwide. Artemisia maritima is
widely used as medicinal plant in folk medicine as it is used to cure high blood pressure and
gastrointestinal ailments Herbs of Artemisia maritima are anti-helminthic and are used traditionally
to cure scorpion sting, snake bite and ascarides. Its herbs are also used to cure inflammation, stomach
ache, indigestion, abdominal Pain, diarrhea and jaundice. Keeping into view the various activities
associated with this genus, the powdered material (3 Kg) of this plant was extracted with different
solvents in the order of their increasing polarity using Soxhlet apparatus. Solvent was removed from
the extracts using rotary evaporator to afford crude extract. Preliminary photochemical screening of
the extracts was carried out, to find the class of compounds present in each extract. The extracts were
subjected to antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. The anticancer activity of the extracts was evaluated
through MTT method against lung (A-549), Hek and colon (HCT) cancer cell line. Highest activity
was found against lung cancer cell line. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through reducing
power and DPPH assay. The pet-ether extract was found to be highly active.

Keywords: Artemisia maritima, Soxhlet extraction, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Anticancer
Activity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796356595.
E-mail Address: mahparaqadir121@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

484
Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water by flower shaped
Potato Di-Starch Phosphate (PDSP) Polymer-Experimental and
DFT Studies
Arshid Bashir Dar £, Lateef Ahmad Malik, Altaf Hussain Pandith
Department of Chemistry, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-718

Abstract

Herein, we report ultrasonic assisted one pot synthesis of flower shaped potato starch di phosphate
polymer hereafter PSDP by cross linking the surface hydroxyls of potato starch using phosphoryl chloride
as a cross linking agent. The synthesized biosorbent material were characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and
TGA .The as synthesized PSDP biosorbent material were successfully tested for the efficient and quick
uptake of Zn(II) ,Cd(II),Pb(II), and Hg(II) from aqueous medium under non competitive batch conditions
with high adsorption capacities, qm 291 mg g-1 for Zn(II), 276 mg g-1 for Pb(II),265 mg g-1 for Cd(II) and
126 mg g-1 for Hg(II). Adsorption of Zn(II) followed second order kinetics and the adsorption data fitted
well in Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient of 0.99.Quntum computations were carried out
using B3LYP functional with LanL2DZ and 6311g(d,p) basis sets for metal atoms and non metal atoms
respectively, to further support the experimental findings and to investigate the mechanism of metal ion
complexation. Based on batch and DFT calculations, PSDP polymer is significantly more selective for
adsorption of Zn(II) and Pb(II) with overall selectivity order of Zn(II) > Pb(II)>Cd(II)> Hg(II). PSDP
polymer could be regenerated by treating Zn(II)-loaded samples with 5M HCl and reused without
appreciable loss of its adsorption capacity over multiple cycles .

Keywords: Starch, Polymer, DFT, Adsorption.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797705310.
E-mail Address: arshidbashir7@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

485
Role of CTAB on the Morphology of Gold Nanoparticles:
Catalytic Reductive Degradation Activity of AuNPs
Ommer Bashir£, Tabrez Alam Khan
Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi, India.
JKSC-782

Abstract

The extract obtained from the stigmas of crocus sativus (saffron) was used to synthesize the gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs). The reduction of Chloroauric acid to gold nanoparticles might be due to the
presence of various organic moieties in the extract. The appearance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
at 570 nm in UV–visible absorption spectra confirm the formation of spherical nanoparticles in absence
of any surfactant. The formation of very tiny (quantum dots) spherical mono-dispersed nanoparticles was
also confirmed by the TEM measurements. The complex formation between aqueous solution of
Chloroauric acid and CTAB was also characterized by the conventional techniques like UV-visible and
TEM measurments. The blueshift was observed in the UV-visible spectra of gold nanoparticles which
might be due to the change in the morphology of the AuNPs. The TEM results confirm the formation of
nanotriangles along with some pentagonal AuNPs in presence of CTAB which is in agreement with the
UV-Visible results. The pentagonal AuNPs have resulted due to the symmetrical aggregation of nano
triangles. From the TEM results in absence and presence of CTAB, it can be concluded that CTAB acts as
shape directing agent rather than a stabilizing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy
dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) ascertain the surface morphology and elemental analysis of the
synthesized gold nanoparticles. XRD and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) ring patterns reveal
the crystalline nature and structure of AuNPs as face centered cubic (fcc). The extract of saffron was also
used as probe to find the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CTAB. The synthesized AuNPs were
further used for the catalytic reductive degradation of rhodamine B and was found that within shorter
period, the dye was completely degraded.

Keywords: Crocin, Aggregation, Gold Nanoparticles, Morphology, Bola Surfactant, Dye.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9560786273.
E-mail Address: ommerbashir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

486
Solubilization of Pyrene in Anionic Polymer-Cationic /
Nonionic Surfactant: Effect of Polymer Concentration
Rohi Masrat£, Aijaz Ahmad Dar, Ghulam Mohamad Rather
Department of Chemistry,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-251

Abstract

Polymers may be used to alter the ability of surfactant micelles to solubilize (polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons) PAHs depending upon polymer and surfactant interactions. The purpose of this study was
to investigate the solubilization capacity of mixtures of the anionic polymer sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose (NaCMC) with nonionic polyoxyethylene [10] cetyl ether (Brij56) and cationic cetyltrimethyl
ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant micelles towards pyrene (PAH). Solubilization efficiency of these
mixed systems and their comparison with individual systems has been quantified in terms of the molar
solubilization ratio, micelle - water partition coefficient and free energy of solubilization. While the
addition of anionic polymer NaCMC accelerates the solubilization capacity of cationic CTAB micelles,that
of nonionic Brij56 micelles was retarded. Moreover the Solubilization capacity of above said mixed
systems gets enhanced as the polymer concentration changes from below overlap ( 0.5%) concentration
to overlap concentration ( 1%) .

Keywords: Solubilization, Surfactants, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Overlap Concentration.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596046252.
E-mail Address: rohimasrat2009@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

487
Specific Ion Effect on the Reduction Kinetics of
Arenediazonium ion by TBHQ at the Cationic Micelle-Water
Interface.
Uzma Ashraf1, Dr. Aijaz Ahmad Dar 2
1
Department of Higher Education, India.
2
Department of Chemistry, University Srinagar, , India
JKSC-1522

Abstract

The change in interfacial make up of cationic interface of CTAB and CTAC with the addition of different
electrolytes was mapped by investigating the changes in the reduction kinetics of 16-ArN 2+ by TBHQ
taking place at the interface. The reaction rate depends on the acid base equilibria of TBHQ which in turn
depends on the interfacial H+ concentration or pH at the interface. Therefore, any salt driven change on
the interfacial composition gets reflected in the change in the kinetics of reduction reaction. The addition
of different salts ( NaCl, NaBr, Na2SO4, NaNO3) increases the interfacial acidity of cationic interfaces to
different extents on account of ion exchange and donnan equilibrium, thereby decreasing the
concentration of reactive form of TBHQ (i.e.HQ-), leading to a decrease in the k_obs of the reaction to
varying degrees. The anion effect on k_obs in CTAB follows the hofmiester series NO 3>Br>Cl>SO4 where
as in case of CTAC the dominance of donnan effect makes the anion order to be Cl>NO 3>Br>SO4).

Keywords: Interfacial, Hofmiester Series, Donnan Equilibrium, Ion Exchange.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622876587.
E-mail Address: khanu92@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

488
Standradization of Herbal Drug "Jawarish-amla-aada"
Shajrath Din£, Syed Wajaht Amin Shah
Department of Chemistry, University Srinagar, India.
JKSC-509

Abstract

Herbal drugs formulation used in Unani medicine on the basis of presence of prominent class of natural
products in the individual plant. Jawarish-amala-sada is a Unani herbal drug formulation with and official
monograph in National Formulary of Unani Medicine (NFUM) prepared by mixing parts of six (6)
medicinal plants and used in Indian System of medicine. Jawarish: A type of majoon prepared by mixing
coarse powder of drugs to the base purified honey, sugar or jaggery. JAS is a semisolid polyherbal
preparation of six medicinal plants. Jawarish-e-Amla Sada (JAS) is a traditional Unani formulation
commonly used for the clinical treatment of Zof-e-Meda (weakness of the stomach), Zof-e-Kabid
(weakness of the liver), Khafqan (palpitation). In the traditional system of medicine it used as a stomachic
and liver tonic (Hamdard Pharmacopeia of Eastern Medicine, 1969. In the present work, our aim is to
standardization scientifically to validate the quality and safety of drug which is herbal in origin.
Standardization of herbal drug (JAS) by various physicochemical parameters. In physicochemical
parameters like extractive value, moisture contents, ash value, acid value, water soluble, alcohol soluble
and metal toxicity etc. The herbal drug was subjected to aqueous extraction by using soxhlet apparatus
followed by column chromatography. The pure isolated compounds isolated from column
chromatography were characterized by using spectroscopic techniques i.e, Mass spectroscopy, IR spectra
and UV spectra and comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Further work
was done on interaction of different selected metal ions like Ni +2, Cu +2, Co +2, Zn +2, Fe +3, Pb +2, Hg +2 and
Cd +2 with compound isolated from aqueous extract similar to physiological conditions and find it safer
against these metal ions except Fe +3. And behavior of Fe+3 metal ion with major aqueous extract isolated
compound at different pH by using spectrophotometric technique. And also stability of fe(III) gallic acid
complex by comparing with two iron complexes as limits i.e, lower limit was potassium trisoxalaotoferrate
complex and higher limit was fe(III) EDTA using spectrophotometric technique by metal exchange
method.

Keywords: Key words: Standardization, Herbal Drug, Physicochemical Parameters, Soxhlet Apparatus, Moisture
Content, Fe(III) Gallic Acid Complex.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298901810.
E-mail Address: dzrani2015@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

489
Study of the Catechol Based Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction
and its Interaction With N-Isopropylacrylamide
Shafia Lateef£, Ghulam Mustafa Peerzada, Nadeem Bashir, Iram Fayaz
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-804

Abstract

The present study pertains to the study of ferroin catalysed Belousov Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical
reaction having catechol as the organic substrate in presence of aqueous acid media and bromate at 303K
under stirred conditions. The above system shows oscillations within narrow range of concentration of
initial reagents. The above system shows a long induction time of almost 90 minutes and good number of
oscillations at 303K. The oscillation lasts for more than two hours. The temperature dependence of the
above system was studied. Temperature was varied from 298K to 323K. Oscillatory parameters showed a
great deal of variation with the change in temperature. Induction time and time period were greatly
dependent on temperature. Activation parameters were calculated from the logarithm form of Erying
Polyani equation. Analysis of variation of induction period of catechol based BZ system on the
temperature revealed almost a linear dependence. The above catechol based BZ systems was perturbed
with n- isopropylacrylamide monomer. N-isopropylacrylamide affected mostly the induction time and
number of oscillations. For comparative studies n- isopropylacrylamide was also added to optimized
Catechol systems based on Ce(IV)and Mn(II)as metal catalysts. While in manganese and cerium catalysed
systems it mostly affected amplitude and induction time in contrary to the ferroin based system.

Keywords: Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction, Oscillation, n Isopropylacrylamide.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596395037.
E-mail Address: mailshafia@yahoo.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

490
Synthesis and Characterisation of acryl Based Polymers: A Non
Conventional approach
Shagufta Rashid£, Ghulam Mustafa Peerzada, Nadeem Bashir , Iram Fayaz
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-791

Abstract

The BZ reaction exhibits oscillations that are composed of three distinct processes. These processes
involve autocatalysis and feedback. The concentration of the bromide ion is the control variable that
determines what state the reaction is in. Bromide is released by metal oxidation of bromo substrate and
consumed by reactions with bromate and bromous acid. The metal is regenerated by the reduction of
bromate. The quiescent period is a time of rapid reaction between metal in oxidized form and organic
substrate and metal in reduced form and bromous acid. During the quiescent period the concentrations
of free radicals is very high. Free radical initiation using any of the radical species present in the BZ
reaction were used for synthesis of poly-butylmethacrylate in presence of tertiary butyl alcohol as phase
transfer catalyst. Polystyrene was synthesized in the same media with low stirring @350rpm.Both the
polymer were characterized by FTIR, TGA DSC. DLS (dynamic light scattering) was used to measure
molecular mass and particle size. Size measurement and its distribution were followed by SEM.
Rheological characterization of the polymers is done to understand the behavior of the materials.

Keywords: BZ, Free Radical Polymerisation, Acryls.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825033667.
E-mail Address: shaguftarashid5945@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

491
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Chalcones of
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Masood Ur Rahman£1, Iram Ayoob2, Shakeel u Rehman 3, Tabassum Ara 4
1,4
Department of Chemistry, NIT, Srinagar, India.
2,3
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1185

Abstract

The analogs of steroidal saponins are important class of synthetic and natural products, which have
exhibited diverse pharmacological properties and attracted profound attention for development of potent
pharmacological agents for treatments of diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis of diverse benzylidine
analogs of DHEA along with their cytotoxic activity. A novel series of diverse benzylidine derivatives of
Dehydroepiandrosterone were synthesized using simple aldol condensation. All the derivatives were
subjected to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) cytotoxicity screening
against a panel of seven different cancer cell lines viz, breast (HBL-100), breast (MCF-7), breast (MB-231),
lung (A-549), colon (HT-29 and HCT-116) and cervic (HELA). Among all the synthesised analogs, the
analog of DHEA with parent entry benzyldehyde (DHEA-1) proved to be effective and potent against
Breast (HBL-100) cancer cell line with IC50 value of 1.364 µM. It was found that methoxybenzylidine family
(DHEA-2, 3, 6) proved to be effective and potent cytotoxic agents against breast (HBL-100) cancer cell
line with IC50 values of 1.798 µM, 3.230 µM, 2.250 µM respectively and were also found to be active against
breast (MCF-7) and Breast (MB-231). Furthermore DHEA-16 also proved to be effective cytotoxic agent
agianst same cancer cell line i-e, breast (HBL-100) with IC50 value of 2.25 µM. Furthermore the active
analogs were subjected to three different assays viz wound healing, crystal voilet and PARP assay.

Keywords: DHEA, Cytotoxic, MTT, Wound Healing, Crystal Voilet And PARP Assay.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796586505.
E-mail Address: masood_18phd13@nitsri.net

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

492
Synthesis and Rheological Characterisation of Chitosan
Formaldehyde Hydrogels in Presence of CTab Surfactant
Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat£, Zahid Yaseen, Aabid Hussain Shalla
Islamic University of Science and Technology,Awantipora, India.
JKSC-1464

Abstract

We report the synthesis of a hydrogel system by employing Chitosan (CS) and Formaldehyde (FD) as
cross-linker. The modification of viscoelastic properties of the prepared hydrogel system was carried out
by utilizing CTAB surfactant. These properties were studied under changing concentrations of CTAB and
it was revealed that only at a particular CTAB concentration viscoelastic behavior of Chitosan-
formaldehyde(CS-FD) hydrogels could be optimised.The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier
Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry (TGA), Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM). The
mechanical properties were investigated by considering rheometric observations like viscosity
measurements, oscillatory frequency sweep, oscillatory temperature sweep, and dynamic strain sweep ,
revealing that G and G” values were found to be different than normal Chitosan-formaldehyde hydrogels
dependent on the CTAB concentrations taken. The temperature sweep data revealed the modulation of
gelation temperature at different CTAB concentrations. The CS-FD+CTAB hydrogel were found to retain
their elastic behavior at high frequency. The Hydrogels after exposing to some experimental
concentrations of CTAB showed an abrupt change in the stretching behaviour and the stretching
properties could be seen 10-20 times than that of normal CS+FD hydrogel system and as such we have
successfully achieved a hydrogel system with tremendous stretching properties. Hence it can be shown
that the rheological properties of the CS-FD hydrogels system can be controlled by polymer concentration,
surfactant concentration and cross linker concentration.

Keywords: Chitosan(CS), Formaldehyde(FD), Hydrogels, Rheology, Stretching Behaviour, CTAB.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006597625.
E-mail Address: bhatmash@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

493
Synthesis of Amino Acid Analogs of Podophyllotoxin as
Potential Cytotoxic Agents
Masood Ur Rahman£1, Shakeel U Rehman2, Iram Ayoob3, Tabassum Ara4
1,4
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
2,3
Department of Chemistry, University Srinagar, India.
JKSC-649

Abstract

A novel and diverse series of amino acid analogs were synthesised using podophyllotoxin as key template.
All the synthesised analogs were subjected to 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-yl)-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
(MTT) cytotoxicity screening against a panel of six different human cancer cell lines viz. cervical (HeLa),
colon (HCT-116), prostate (PC-3), lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) and breast (HBL-100) cancer cell lines to
check their cytotoxic potential. Of the synthesised derivatives, pdt-3, pdt-7 and pdt-10 showed the best
cytotoxic effects against lung (A549) cancer cell line with IC50 of 62.0, 58.0 and 72.0 nM respectively,
while as, podophyllotoxin (pdt) showed the IC50 of 89.0 nM against the same cancer cell line. In addition
to this, analogs bearing aromatic moieties as R groups, pdt-2 and pdt-4 demonstrated the enhanced
cytotoxic effects against cervical (HeLa) and breast (HBL-100) cancer cell lines with IC50 of 55.0, 68.0 and
62.0, 72.0 nM respectively while as, pdt-13 with phenylalanine moiety exhibited the best activity against
prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines with IC50 of 57.0, and 82.0 nM respectively. Rest of
the synthesised analogs showed comparable activity to that of parent molecule. The present study
revealed that the structural features have profound influence on the biological profile of a compound.

Keywords: Podophyllotoxin, Aminoacid, Cancer Cell Lines, Cytotoxic.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796586505.
E-mail Address: masoodwani88@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

494
Synthesis of Benzo furans and Indoles: A InCl-Catalyzed
Coupling of N-Tosylhydrazones and Terminal Alkynes
Bilal Ahmad Ganaie £, Tabasum Ara
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1342

Abstract

A new method for the synthesis of benzofurans or indoles via ligand-free InCl-catalyzed
coupling/cyclization of terminal alkynes with N-tosylhydrazones derived from o-hydroxy- or o-
aminobenzaldehydes has been developed. A wide range of functional groups were found that are able to
tolerate the reaction conditions. The applied reaction conditions are simple and easily handled. The
reaction takes place smoothly without the formation of any side products.

Keywords: Benzofurans ,Incl-Catalyzed, Cyclization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006741315.
E-mail Address: bilalahmadganaie@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

495
Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Applications of
Polypyrrole based Nanocomposites
Showket Ahmad Akhoon£1, Prof G M Peerzada2, Nadeem Bashir3
1,2
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Chemistry, Govt college for women, India.
JKSC-820

Abstract

In this study Polypyrrole and metal nanoparticles were synthesized. The nanocomposites were prepared
by mechanically mixing PPy and Metal nps in the weight percentages PPy100-xMnpx where, x = 50. The
characterisation of the nanocomposites is done through FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM The magnetization of the
PPy/Fe3O4-Co Nanocomposites has been investigated at room temperature, in a magnetometer as a
function of an applied field in the range from 0 to 2 T. The results are displayed in Figure. Area of the loop
is very small indicating that these samples are of loss less type. Other magnetic parameters obtained
from the hysteresis loops are tabulated in Table. The saturation magnetization, Ms, remnant
magnetization, Mr and coercive field, Hc are observed. The increase of Ms, Mr and Hc with increase
of Ppy-Fe3O4-Co nps is in conformity with the expectation. It is because, the magnetization of these
composites is solely due to Fe3O4-Co nps only and that increase of % of Fe3O4-Co nps in the PPy must
have to increase the magnetization.

Keywords: Polypyrrole, Nanocomposite, Magnetization, Mechanical mixing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797157355.
E-mail Address: muntazirshowkat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

496
Theoretical Studies on Some Transition Metal Pentalenes as
Potential Hydrogen Storage Materials, Using Density
Functional Theory
Saba Niaz£, Altaf Hussain Pandith
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-679

Abstract

Theoretical studies on hydrogen adsorption were performed on some transition metal pentalenes
such as M2C8H6 (7H2) where M = Sc,Ti using PBEPBE (LanL2MB) and (DGDZVP) functional and basis
set. Our results reveal that doping of transition metal atoms on pentalenes increases their hydrogen
adsorption ability due to electron transfer from the metal atom to the pentalene surface. The charged
surface created around the transition metal atom is found to enhance the hydrogen adsorption capacity
of the complex from 6.86 in case of scandium doped pentalene to 7.17 wt% for titanium based pentalene
with an average binding energy of 0.62eV for Ti2C8H6 (7H2) and 0.78eV for Sc 2C8H6 (7H2). Various
Conceptual density functional theory based global and local reactivity descriptors, such as hardness,
electronegavity and electrophillicity were used for this purpose. The complex shows increase in hardness
followed by decrease in both electronegtivity and electrophillicity values which is an indication that the
complex is stable after the successive addition of hydrogen molecules. We have also calculated the
dependence of the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of H 2 adsorption process at various temperatures, which
is the proof of complex being thermodynamically stable as well. The complex also shows an increase in
the kinetic stability with the successive addition of H2 molecules.

Keywords: Pentalenes, Conceptual Reactivity Descriptors, Physisorption.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622753515.
E-mail Address: sobnewtonn@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

497
pH Sensitive Behavior of Composite Hydrogels of Chitosan and
Alginate: Characterization and its use in Encapsulation of
Citral
Saima Afzal1£, Masrat Maswal2, Dr. Aijaz Ahmad Dar3
1,3
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
2
Government Degree College Pulwama, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-677

Abstract

The pure and composite hydrogels of Chitosan with sodium alginate were synthesized at various pH
values and characterized by rheology and IR-spectroscopy. Chitosan shows gelation at neutral and basic
pH while sodium alginate remains in solution form at all pH values. By careful adjustment of mixing
weight fraction ratio and pH, an array of hydrogels with modulated structural dynamics and
viscoelasticity, mechanical strength and encapsulation capacity were obtained. At acidic pH, a higher
weight fraction of alginate increased the elasticity of the hydrogels while at basic pH more percentage of
chitosan stabilized the hydrogel. Strongest composite hydrogels were obtained at acidic pH and gel
strength decreased on increasing pH of the synthetic medium. The synthesized hydrogels were studied
for their encapsulation capability towards Citral. The pure chitosan hydrogels showed maximum
solubilisation capacity followed by the composite hydrogels prepared at neutral pH. This study highlights
that a range of composite hydrogels with modified properties can be obtained by simple changes in
experimental conditions exploiting physical interactions and can help in better understanding of niche of
its applicability in research and industry.

Keywords: Ph, Sensitive, Hydrogel, Viscoelasticity, Encapsulation, Citral.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803285956.
E-mail Address: saimamirchem@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

498
Molecular and Single Crystal XRD of Macrocylic Free Base
Porphyrins and Effect of Indium Coordination on the
Electronic Spectra
Padma Dechan£
Department of Chemistry,University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-1610

Abstract

Porphyrins are heterocyclic macrocyclic ring made up of four pyrrole rings linked together by methylene
bridges at α carbon atoms forming an aromatic ring with 22 π electrons. We reported the synthesis, single
crystal XRD, and fluorescence studies of H2TTP and H2TPPCl4. Indium derivative of both the free base
ligands i.e [In(TTP)(Cl)] and[In(TPPCl4)(Cl)] have been synthesized . The analysis of proton nuclear
magnetic resonance, infrared, Uv-visible spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis are in
good agreement with the conversion of the free base porphyrins H2TTP and H2TPP to the corresponding
porphyrinic In (III) complexes. All the synthesized compounds exhibited interesting fluorescent
properties.

Keywords: Porphyrins, Macrocycle, Aromatic, Fluorescence.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: padmadechan004@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

499
Design and Development of an Effective Synthetic Route for
the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Piperidines using Multivalent
ion Transition Metal Complex
Nasseb Singh1£, Alamgir Ahmed Dar2, Vijai K. Rai3, Anil Kuma4
1
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, SMVD University, Katra, India.
2
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Srinagar, India..
3,4
Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Chhattisgarh, India.
JKSC-1635

Abstract

Contemporary Synthetic Organic Chemistry is committed to do at its best to serve the society in a more
sustainable manner. It has rendered services to produce useful synthetic organic materials from time to
time in order to meet with the growing needs of chemically synthesized materials in an ecocompatible
fashion. In short, its contribution to society lies in the chemical production at pharmaceutical and
industrial scale without any severe side effects to the Mother Nature. Polysubstituted N-heterocyclic
compounds such as piperidines have played a vital role in drug discovery process and drug analysis. They
are renowned antimalarial, anti-hypertensive, neuro-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulstant, and
antibacterial agents. Additionally, they are excellent therapeutic agents in case of diabetes, influenza,
cancer metastatis, and viral infections including AIDS. Owing to the biological importance, piperidines
and their analogues have received the attention of synthetic chemists to devise different synthetic
strategies. Out of various synthetic strategies, simplest one being reaction between aromatic amines,
aromatic aldehydes, and β-ketoester in one-pot-five-component style. In this context, a revised
methodology using multivalent-ion-TM-complex-catalysis has been brought into existence. Through this
contemporary synthetic approach, many synthetic advantages are possible which includes high reaction
output, operational simplicity, time economy, cost effectiveness, catalyst recycling, low catalyst loadings,
easy work-up, and least expulsion of undesirable byproducts to the environment. Such an advantageous
protocol may prove to be the best synthetic strategies known so far to get such a class of medicinally
privileged molecules in high yield. Formation of product molecules have been confirmed through
conventional spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and
mass spectroscopy.

Keywords: Polysubstituted N-Heterocyclics, Piperidines, Multi-Valent-Ion-TM-Catalysis, Multicomponent Reaction

(MCR), Green Chemistry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596697381.
E-mail Address: naseebssingh@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

500
Short Hybrid Peptides Incorporating - and -Amino Acids as
Antimicrobial Agents
Naiem Ahmad Wani1£, Gurpreet Singh2, Meenu Katoch2, Rajkishor Rai1
1
Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
2
Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-,India.
JKSC-1703

Abstract

The use of - and - amino acids in peptide sequences have been exploited in developing synthetic mimics
of natural antibiotic as potent antimicrobial agents. Such amino acids in peptide sequences offer a choice
of secondary structures and resistance to proteases degradation. Eight peptides containing - and - amino
acids were synthesized, characterized and evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Among all, peptides P2, P3, P4 and P5 exhibited potent activity (MIC 6.25 µM) against S. aureus MTCC
737 and P. aeruginosa MTCC 424. Time kill kinetics and fluorescence microscopy were performed to study
the efficacy and mechanism of action of the active peptides. P4 took half time to show the bactericidal
effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in comparison to P2 at their 2x MICs. Fluorescence microscopic
studies suggested that peptides P2 and P4 both killed the bacteria via membrane disruption. Further, P4
exhibited lowest haemolytic activity among active peptides and negligible cytotoxic activity against
human cancer cell lines A549, PC-3 and HCT-116 at its MIC.

Keywords: - Disubstituted-- Amino Acid, - Amino Acid, Antimicrobial Peptides, Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: waninaiem@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

501
Metallomicellar Catalysis: Investigation of Antioxidant
Activity of Quercetin Under Varying Oxidative Stress in
Aqueous Micellar Media
Roheena Jan£, Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1392

Abstract

The study of antioxidant activity of quercetin in oxidative stress of hydroxyl radicals (generated by
Fenton's reaction) and redox active metal ions (acidic Cerium-IV) in presence of metallosurfactant,
[Ru(bpy)2LpyA]Cl2 and simple surfactant, OAC was carried out by spectrophotometer method to evaluate
solubulisation, oxidation kinetics and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of quercetin and tensiometric
method to evaluate CMC. First order kinetic model was used to evaluate kinetic data by taking quercetin
as limiting reagent. The antioxidant activity of quercetin was found to vary with varying oxidative stress
and surfactant system. The rate constant k and radical scavenging activity (RSA) were found to exhibit
same trend with increasing surfactant concentration. The results are explained on the basis of interaction
of quercetin with oxidizing agents and metallo micelle.

Keywords: Metallomicelle, Quercetin, Radical Scavenging Activity, Oxidative Stress.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9797929488.
E-mail Address: mir.roheena@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

502
Avidity of Pb (II) and Tl (I) Ions with Some Potential Bio
ligands in Aqueous Phase
Nusrat Shafi£
Department of Chemistry, Amar Singh College,Cluster University Srinagar, India.
JKSC-627

Abstract

Keeping into consideration, the immense role played by various metals and non-metals in their
coordinated form, we intended to investigate and report the interacting mode of Pb (II) and Tl (I) ions
with some biologically important bio ligands by employing Potentiometric techniques. Due to the adverse
consequences of toxic heavy metal ions on the biological system, the aim of present investigation was to
study their complexing behavior with selected Bio ligands, depending on the avidity of a particular metal
ion for a particular bio ligand or vice versa. The stability constant (or the strength of bonding) in terms of
both the stepwise as well as overall formation constants of the resulting complexes with chelating agent,
using Bjerrum’s method as modified by Albert in aqueous phase and the corresponding values of free
energy (∆G0) were reported.

Keywords: Avidity, Lead (II), Thallium (I), Toxic Metal Ions, Bioligands, Complexes, Toxicity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596100345.
E-mail Address: mujtaba@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

503
Mathematical Sciences
506
A Note on s-Topological Vector Spaces
Madhu Ram£1, Shallu Sharma2
1,2
Departmentof Mathematics, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1193

Abstract

In this journey, we establish the generalized or stronger notions of some important results and properties
of topological vector spaces in s-topological vector spaces. These properties are established with the aid
of semi-open sets and semi-continuity by N. Levine. Typical examples of s-topological vector spaces will
be presented.

Keywords: Semi-open sets, Semi-closed sets, Semi-continuity and S-topological vector spaces.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8716808914.
E-mail Address: madhuram0502@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

507
A Note on Theorem of T. J. Rivlin
Adil Hussain Malik£1, Abdullah Mir2
1,2
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-537

Abstract

In this paper, we obtain a result that improves the results of Govil, Qazi and the Classical result of Rivilin.

Keywords: Polynomial, Maximum Modulus, Zeros.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018666796.
E-mail Address: malikadil6909@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

508
A Value Distribution Result for Meromorphic Functions
Related to Hayman's Alternative
Anil Singh£1, Kuldeep Singh Charak2
1,2
University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-423

Abstract

Motivated by Bloch's principle, we prove a value distribution result for meromorphic functions which is
related to Hayman's alternative in certain sense. To prove this result, we have extended several results
from Hayman's paper, of 1959, “Picard values of meromorphic functions and their derivatives,” Ann. of
Math. vol. 70, 1959. p. 9-42.

Keywords: Meromorphic functions, Value distribution Theory, Normal Families, Bloch's Principle

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797643694.
E-mail Address: anilmanhasfeb90@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

509
Additional Results on Group Inverse of Some 2X2 Block
Matrices in Minkowski Space
Tasaduq Hussain Khan£1, Mohd. Saleem Lone2
1,2
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
JKSC-354

Abstract

Keywords: Block matrix, idempotent matrix, Group inverse, Minkowski adjoint, Minkowski Space

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780985926.
E-mail Address: tasaduqkhan6@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

510
Bayesian Analysis for Erlang Distribution and its Applications
Kaisar Ahmad£1, Parvaiz Ahmad Sheikh2
1,2
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006.
JKSC-1284

Abstract

In this paper, we propose Bayes estimators for two parameter Erlang distribution under different loss
functions by assuming distinct priors. Also some structural properties are obtained. Finally, we illustrate
the results using a simulation study as well as by doing real data analysis in order compare the
performance of the proposed estimators with the corresponding Bayes estimators obtained under
different loss functions and the classical estimators.

Keywords: Posterior distribution, Bayes estimator, Loss functions, R software.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797246287.
E-mail Address: ahmadkaisar31@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

511
Bounds for the Zeros of a Polynomial
Abrar Ahmad£1, Abdullah Mir2
1,2
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-826

Abstract

In this paper, we present certain results on bounds for the zeros of a polynomials. Our results yield some
generalisations and refinements of the recently proved results due to Soleiman and Bidkham, Suhail,
Rather and Thakur and other classical results also.

Keywords: Polynomial, Zeros, Cauchy Theorem.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803051484.
E-mail Address: abrarahmad1100@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

512
Characterization of Pareto and power function distributions
by conditional variance of Order Statistics
Imtiyaz Ahmad Shah£1, Imtiyaz A. Shah2, H. M. Barakat3
1,2
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Mathematics-Faculty of Science-Zagazig University-Zagazig-Egypt.
JKSC-493

Abstract

Characterization of a probability distribution is to find a unique property enjoyed by that distribution. In

this paper, Pareto and power distributions are characterized through conditional variance of consecutive
order statistics. An application of the theoretical results is given.

Keywords: Characterization Of Distributions; Power Distribution; Pareto Distribution; Con- Ditional Variance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797088636.
E-mail Address: driashah03@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

513
Commutativity of Rings and Unital Banach Algebras with
Generalized Derivations
Bilal Ahmad Wani£1
1
Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-1100

Abstract

Keywords: Prime ring, Banach algebra, Derivations, Generalized derivation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825076250.
E-mail Address: bilalwanikmr@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

514
Convergence and Stability of an Iterative Algorithm for a
System of Variational Inclusions
Sumeera Shafi Bhat£
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-543

Abstract

In this paper, a new system of variational inclusions is introduced and investigated in Banach spaces. By
means of the proximal-point mapping method, the existence and uniqueness of solution for the system of
variational inclusions is demonstrated. Moreover, an iterative algorithm is constructed and the
convergence and the stability of the iterative sequences generated by the iterative algorithm is discussed.

Keywords: System of generalized implicit variational-like inclusion problem, Proximal-point mapping mathod,
Iterative Algorithm, Convergence Analysis and Stability Analysis .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825056966.
E-mail Address: sumeera.shafi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

515
Error Bounds for Extended Generalized Mixed Variational
Inequality Problems using Gap functions
Aadil Hussain Dar£1
1
Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-322

Abstract

In this paper, we set up gap function, regularized gap function and D-gap function for extended
generalized mixed variational inequality. Then by utilizing these gap functions, we calculate error bounds
for the solution of the problem. The results acquired in this paper generalize the familiar results in
literature.

Keywords: Variational Inequality; Gap Function; Normal Residual Vector; Error Bound.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8791480517.
E-mail Address: daraadil555@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

516
Finding Discrete Bessel and Tricomi Convolutions of Certain
Special Polynomials
Shakeel Ahmad Naikoo£
Aligarh Muslim University, UP, India.
JKSC-350

Abstract

In this article, the discrete Bessel and Tricomi convolutions of the Laguerre-Gould-Hopper polynomials
are introduced. Some important properties including recurrence relations and operational
representations of these families are established. For suitable values of indices and variables, the Laguerre-
Gould-Hopper polynomials yield several special polynomials. Consequently, results for the discrete Bessel
and Tricomi convolutions of the corresponding special polynomials are also obtained.

Keywords: Laguerre-Gould-Hopper polynomials, Bessel functions, Jacobi-Anger expansion, Tricomi functions;

Operational rules.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9897119361.
E-mail Address: shakeelnaikoo21@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

517
Mathematical Study of Medicine Diffusion in Blood Stream of
Human Body
Saqib Mubarak Eitoo£1, M. A. Khanday2
1
Department of Mathematics, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
,2
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1031

Abstract

Mathematical modelling plays an important role to understand the diffusion of medicine through the
porous media including blood stream of the human body. In this presentation we would like to discuss
the transport and diffusion of medicine and other tracer material in biological tissues with respect to
different doses. A mathematical model along with the principle of continuity has been used to find the
concentration of medicine and its diffusion in the blood stream after n doses of its infusion.

Keywords: :Medicine diffusion, Continuity principle, Mathematical model.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006978355.
E-mail Address: saqibmubarak55@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

518
On Bounds for the Zeros of a Polynomial
M.H. Gulzar£1, Rubia Akhter2
1,2
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-576

Abstract

Although the fundamental theorem of algebra guarantees the existence of exactly n zeros of a complex
polynomial in the complex plane, there is no method of finding these zeros. Hence there is a need for
finding at least the regions which contain all or some of the zeros of the polynomial. Enestrom and Kakeya
considered polynomials with monotonically decreasing positive real coefficients and proved that the zeros
of all such polynomials lie in the closed unit disk. This result has been generalized, extended and refined
in various ways. In this paper we consider a certain class of polynomials with certain conditions on their
coefficients and find regions containing all or some of their zeros .Our results generalize many known
results in this direction and also many new results can be obtained for different values of the parameters.

Keywords: Bound, Coefficient, Disk, Polynomial, Zeros.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796176700.
E-mail Address: gulzarmh@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

519
On Diameter, Girth and Metric Dimension of Compressed
Zero-Divisor Graphs of Rings
S. Pirzada1, Mohmad Imran Bhat£2
1,2
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-536

Abstract

Keywords: Ring, Zero-Divisors, Compressed Zero-Divisor Graph, Diameter, Girth, Metric Dimension.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419077218.
E-mail Address: imran_bhat@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

520
On Differential Identities Involving Commutator and Anti-
Commutator in Prime and Semiprime Rings
Sajad Ahmad Pary£
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1333

Abstract

In the present paper, we investigate the action of derivation d in a semi (- prime) ring R which satisfies
differential identities involving commutator and anti- commutator for a nonzero ideal I of R.

Keywords: Differential Identity, Prime Ring, Semiprime Ring.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8439310504.
E-mail Address: paryamu@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

521
On Some Bounds for the Laplacian Energy of Graphs
Rezwan Ul Shaban£, S. Pirzada, Hilal A. Ganie
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India..
JKSC-254

Abstract

Keywords: Laplacian Eigenvalues, Laplacian Energy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622580252.
E-mail Address: rezwanbhat21@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

522
On Some Inequalities Concerning Growth and Derivatives of
a Polynomial
Mohd. Abdullah Mir£1
1
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1327

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the class of polynomials not vanishing in the unit disk and obtain some new
results which provide several re refinements and generalizations of the Ankeny-Rivlin Theorem and the
results of Jain, Govil, Rahman and others.

Keywords: Polynomial, Maximum Modulus, Zeros.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906518124.
E-mail Address: mabdullah_mir@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

523
On the Sum of Laplacian Eigen Values of Tree
Bilal Ahmad Rather£1, Shariefuddin Pirzada2, Hilal Ahmad Ganie3
1,
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2,3
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar
JKSC-539

Keywords: Laplacian eigen values, Tree, Sum, Brouwer Conjucture.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596211239.
E-mail Address: bilalahmadrr@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

524
Polar Wavelet Transform and the Associated Uncertainty
Principles
Azhar Yousuf£1
1
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-431

Abstract

The polar wavelet transforms a generalized form of the classical wavelet transform has been extensively
used in science and engineering for finding directional representations of signals in higher dimensions.
The aim of this paper is to establish new uncertainty principles associated with the polar wavelet
transform in L^2(R^2). Firstly, we study some basic properties of the polar wavelet transform and then
derive the associated generalized version of Heisenberg’s Pauli’s Weyl inequality. Finally, following the
idea of Beckner, we drive the logarithmic version of uncertainty principle for the polar wavelet transforms
in L^2(R^2).

Keywords: Polar wavelet transform. Uncertainty principle. Polar Fourier transform.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491878315.
E-mail Address: aytku92@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

525
Strong Coupled Fixed Point for (φ, ψ)-Contraction Type
Coupling in Metric Spaces
Tawseef Rashid£, Qamrul Haq Khan
Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
JKSC-309

Abstract

The aim of this research article is to give answer to an open problem presented by Choudhury et al.
concerning the investigation of strong coupled fixed point and related properties for couplings satisfying
(φ, ψ)-contraction type coupling and then proved
other type of inequalities. In this direction we define
the existence and uniqueness theorem of strong coupled fixed point for (φ, ψ)-contraction type coupling.
We give examples to illustrate our main result.

Keywords: Coupled Fixed Point, Strong coupled fixed point, altering distance function, (φ, ψ), Contraction type
Coupling.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9149578405.
E-mail Address: tawseefrashid123@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

526
Study of (p, q)-analogue of Mittag-Leffler Function with (p,
q)-Laplace Transform
Altaf Ahmad Bhat£
Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora Kashmir.
JKSC-179

Abstract

In the present paper, the authors have defined (p, q)-analogue of Mittag-Leffler function, by using (p, q)-
gamma function and some transformation formulae are also derived by using the (p,q)-derivative. The (p,
q)-analogue for this function provides elegant generalization of q-analogue of Mittag-Leffler function
given by Sharma and Jain in connection with q-calculus. Also, in this paper we have obtained the (p,q)-
Laplace transform of the Mittag-Leffler function. Some special cases have also been discussed.

Keywords: (p, q)-analogue of Mittag-Leffler function, (p, q)-gamma function, q-calculus, (p, q)-derivative operator,
(p, q)-Laplace Transform.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797762662.
E-mail Address: altaf.u786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

527
The Upper Dimension of Zero Divisor Graphs of Rings
S Pirzada1, Aijaz Ahmad Malla£2
1,2
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-366

Abstract

Keywords: Ring, Zero Divisor Graph, Resolving Set, Upper Dimension.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419077218.
E-mail Address: pirzadasd@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

528
Variational Form of Finite Element Method and Euler-
Lagrange Equation
Ahsan Ul Haq Lone£, M. A. Khanday
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1172

Abstract

Mathematical model is mainly based on three components viz formulation, solution and interpretation of
any real life problem. Various mathematical techniques are used to identify the feasible and most
appropriate solution of the formulated model. It is not possible to rely only on analytical solutions, in
many problems numerical solutions or pseudo-analytical solutions play a pivotal role. In this presentation
we would like to discuss the variational form of Finite element method based on Euler-Lagrange equation.

Keywords: Mathematical model, Finite element method, Variational method.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622610905.
E-mail Address: ahsanulhaqlone@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

529
Skew Laplacian Energy of Digraphs
Bilal Ahmad Chat£
Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, Kashmir.
JKSC-234

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the Laplacian energy of digraphs. We mention different approaches of Laplacian
energy of a digraph, put forward by different authors. We also obtain that every positive integer is indeed
the skew Laplacian energy of some digraph. We will consider the skew Laplacian energy of a digraph as
given by Cai et al. obtain some upper and lower bounds which are better than the previous bounds.

Keywords: Laplacian Spectra, Skew Laplacian energy, Skew Laplacian of a digraph.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469733348.
E-mail Address: bchat1118@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

530
Sum of Signless Laplacian Eigenvalues of a Graph
Hilal Ahmad Ganie£
Department of Mathematics Govt. Model Higher Secondary Institute Chandoosa, Baramulla, India.
JKSC-262

Keywords: Signless Laplcian Spectrum, Ashraf's conjecture.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: + 91 9797262789.
E-mail Address: hilahmad1119kt@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

531
Inequalities for Schur-Szego Composition of Polynomials
Aaqib Iqbal£, Nisar. A. Rather
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1418

Keywords: Polynomials, Szego Composition, Inequalities.

£
Presenting author. Tel.: +91 9906475942.
E-mail address: itz.a.iqbal@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

532
On Betti Numbers of Edge Ideals of Crown Graphs
Shahnawaz Rather£, Pavinder Singh
Department of Mathematics, Central University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-1555

Abstract

Keywords: Crown Graphs, Betti Numbers, Bouquets, Projective Dimension, Regularity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596317037.
E-mail Address: nawaaz315@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

533
A Remark on Bn-Operator for Polynomials
Nisar. A Rather1, Ishfaq Ahmad Dar2£, Suhail Gulzar3
1,2
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Mathematics, S. P. College Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1606

Abstract

Let Pn be the class of all polynomials of degree at most n. Rahman and Schmisser introduced a class Bn
of operators B that maps P ∈Pn into itself. Recently Qasim, Liman & Shah (Period Math Hung, DOI
10.1007/s10998-016-0150-3) claimed that the operator B is not linear in general and on this premise, they
termed a proof of a result as wrong. In this remark, we briefly discuss the definition and the linearity of
Bn-operator B and give justification for the validity of the proof of the result. Moreover, a counter example
to their claim that the operator B is linear only for space of polynomials of degree n is also given.

Keywords: Polynomials, Operator B, Linearity, Degree.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: 7006772961
E-mail Address: ishfaq619@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

534
A Study of Sufficiency and Duality for Vector Optimization
Problems Involving Generalized Invexity under Interval
Uncertainty
Bilal Ahmad Dar£
Department of Applied Mathematics, IIT (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.
JKSC-1641

Abstract

This paper is devoted to study interval-valued vector optimization problems involving generalized
invexity under interval uncertainty. The LU-(p,r)-ρ-(η,θ)-invex, LU-(p,r)-ρ-(η,θ)-pseudo-invex, LU-(p,r)-
ρ-(η,θ)-quasi-invex interval valued functions are proposed and some good illustrative nontrivial examples
are furnished. Furthermore, the concept of LU-Pareto optimal solution is proposed and the sufficient
optimality conditions are obtained. Also, Mond-Weir and Wolfe type duals are formulated and
appropriate duality results are established in order to relate the optimal solutions of primal and dual
problems under the assumptions of (p,r)-ρ-(η,θ)-invexity. An example is also furnished to demonstrate
the validity of the proposed theoretical approach. The graphical justifications presented, gives better
understanding of the examples.

Keywords: Interval-valued Vector, invex, Pseudo-invex, Primal and dual.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006710893.
E-mail Address: sahilbilal99in@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

535
On s-Topological Vector Spaces
Shallu Sharma
Deptment of Mathematics ,University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1164

Abstract

In this paper, we establish the generalized or stronger notion of some important results and properties of
topological vector spaces in s-topological vector spaces. These properties of topological vector spaces of
semi-open sets and semi-continuity. Some examples of s-topological vector spaces are to be established.

Keywords: Semi-Open Sets, Semi-Closedsets, Semi Continuity, S-Topological Vector Spaces.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469212553.
E-mail Address: shallujamwal09@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

536
Bounds for the Zeros of the Polar Derivative of a Polynomial
A. W. Manzoor
Deptment of Mathematics ,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-459

Abstract

Keywords: Polynomial, Polar Derivative, Coefficients.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797208724.
E-mail Address: manzoorw9@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

537
Physics
540
CCD Airglow Imager Observations of Atmospheric Gravity
Waves and Ionospheric Plasma Waves over Srinagar, Jammu
and Kashmir, India
Ramkumar Tk£1, Manzoor Ahmad Malik2, Bilal Ahmad Ganaie2, Aashiq Hussain
Bhat2
1
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Dept. of Space, Govt. of India, Gadanki Village (Po), Pakala Mandal.
2
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1206

Abstract

Located over mean sea level of about 5000 ft near the western Himalayan ranges, Srinagar in Jammu and
Kashmir is considered one of high latitude stations in India for airglow observational studies by the
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Dept. of Space, Govt. of India. To cover the whole breadth
and width of the country, Dept. of Space has installed different types of optical instruments (CCD imager,
photometer, spectrometer etc.) for the measurement of atmospheric airglow emissions at centers like
Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Trivandrum (Southern India), Kerala; National
Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki (tropical station), Andhra Pradesh; Physical Research
Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat (North Western India); and Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam
(North Eastern India). Because of the surrounding various Himalayan ranges, the Srinagar location is more
interesting as the atmospheric waves generated in the lower atmosphere here can propagate up to the
ionospheric region directly overhead and have their influences on ionospheric plasma physical
characteristics. Atmospheric gravity waves have the ability to induce plasma instabilities as the ionized
air is strongly coupled to neutral air through collisions, leading to generation of highly inhomogeneous
ionospheric plasma structures. High energy solar radiation (say ultraviolet rays) can photo-disintegrate
atmospheric molecules/atoms in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region (60-150 km) and
ionosphere (60-600 km). While recombining they can emit radiations (air glows) at infrared, visible and
ultraviolet wavelengths through molecular or atomic excitation (vibration, rotation or both). Since the
intensity of these radiations is directly proportional to the density distribution of air, it is possible to study
the atmospheric wave dynamics by observing the airglows as waves can be manifested in atmospheric
thermodynamic properties like density, pressure, wind velocities, temperature etc. Using the all sky
airglow imager installed at Srinagar, during some night time observations (630 nm), it has been found the
occurrence of medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (MSTID) with wavelengths of the order
of hundreds of kilometers at the height of about 250 km. Some MSTIDs survived for a few hours and then
disappeared. The causative and destructive mechanisms of MSTIDs are being investigated and detailed
results will be presented.

Keywords: Atmospheric Air Glow Imager, Atmospheric Gravity Waves, Ionospheric Plasma Waves.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9393601996.
E-mail Address: tkram@narl.gov.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

541
Correlation of Atmospheric Electric Field with Meteorological
Parameters and Aerosol Concentration in Kashmir Valley
Shaista Afreen£, Gowher Bashir Vakil, Tassaduq Hussain, Nissar Ahmed
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1668

Abstract

The Atmospheric Electric Field is one of the most important parameter in characterizing the behaviour of
atmosphere and has been studied widely by researchers over the world using different techniques. The
atmospheric electricity in addition to thundercloud and lightening, depends on various other factors such
as meteorological conditions of a place, aerosol content, altitude etc. A thorough study of the vertical
electric field can be used for the weather prediction, warning of lightening, indication of level of pollution
etc. The present work is to study the atmospheric electric field and correlate it with the meteorological
conditions such as temperature, pressure, wind direction, and with aerosol content. Study of electric field
should ideally be done in pollution free areas and not at continental sites as it is subject to local factors
such as pollution etc., but these events do not mask the features of global electric circuit through
averaging. An Electric Field Mill EFM 100 provides a very practical and simplistic method for measurement
of long term and continuous measurement of atmospheric electric field. An EFM is installed in Physics
Department, University of Kashmir to measure the variations in atmospheric electric field. The field mill
is connected to recording and computational facility in our laboratory through interfacing and cables.

Keywords: Electric Field Mill, Atmosphere, Electric Field, Fair Weather.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493010292.
E-mail Address: afreen070791@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

542
Effect of pH and Dopant Concentration on Intensity of Gd2O3:
Eu Phosphors Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Ruby Priya£, O. P. Pandey
School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, India.
JKSC-1249

Abstract

A series of Gd2-xO3:x%Eu (x= 0 to 10%) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The structural,
morphological and optical properties of as-synthesized samples were studied by X-ray diffraction
technique, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence
spectrometer. The effect of pH variation and dopant concentration on the luminescent intensity of
phosphors were studied in details. When the phosphors were excited by UV radiation, they exhibited a
sharp red emission at 611 nm, which corresponds to the hypersensitive 5D0-> 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions.
The as-synthesized phosphors are expected to have tremendous applications in the field of semiconductor
devices, field emission displays and optical devices.

Keywords: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Nanophosphors, Gadolinium Oxide, Photoluminescence.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7986065101.
E-mail Address: rubypriya1994@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

543
EMI Shielding and Dielectric Properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3
Thin Films over wide (Ku-Band) Frequency Region
Hilal Ahmad Reshi£1, Rayees Ahmad Zargar2, Vilas Shelke3
1,2
Department of Physics, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India.
3
Novel Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal , India

JKSC-930

Abstract

Recently, various kinds of devices, which utilize serious electromagnetic waves, have been put into
practical use. The electromagnetic interference produced from these electronic instruments have an
adverse effect on the performance of other equipments or even cause harm to humans. Considerable
amount of theoretical and experimental investigations have been focused for finding effective EMI
shielding over wide frequency range. To meet the performance requirement of EMI shielding materials in
the battlefield scenarios, it is necessary to find out the multifunctional materials with compatible
capability of shielding over wide frequency band. We developed an approach for the deposition of
La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin film using sol-gel derived spin coating technique. This method is reliable
and scalable for industrial purpose. The films were deposited on quartz substrate and were annealed at
low temperature (600 °C). The XRD confirmed the single phase polycrystalline nature of the film without
any impurity. The permittivity behavior of LSMO film revealed that the dielectric loss occurs in the whole
frequency range. The negative value of permeability indicated that the magnetic energy is radiated out
from the film. We observed significant EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) obtained which may be further
improved by optimizing deposition parameters of film.

Keywords: Manganites, Thin Film, EMI Shielding, Dielectric Response.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796104966.
E-mail Address: hilal.phy@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

544
Fluctuation Induced Conductivity in YbCo/Ag Composite
Superconductors
Bilal Ahmad Malik£1, Manzoor Ahmad Malik1, Gowher H. Rather2, K. Asokan3
1
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2 Department of Physics, NIT, Srinagar, India.
3
Inter University Accelerator Center, New Delhi, India
JKSC-318

Abstract

Generally, the long range ordered superconducting state in cuprates occurs only below the transition
temperature (TC), but there is finite probability of cooper pair formation in the normal state near TC
which induces excess conductivity. The existence of these finite pairs are the precursor effects of the
superconducting phase still in the normal state which result in considerable changes in transport
properties in the neighborhood of the transition. Fluctuation induced conductivity is regarded as one of
the experimentally accessible method to probe the transport properties of high-Tc oxides in the normal
state near TC. The present work focuses on the effects of introducing Ag in YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) matrix
in terms of conductivity fluctuations within frame work of Aslamazov - Larkin and Lawrence - Doniach
model. Fluctuation induced conductivity of YBCO+xAg (x=0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 wt. %)
superconductors were investigated from the resistivity vs. temperature data both in presence and absence
of magnetic field. The zero-field analysis, on excess conductivity fluctuation, reveals that addition of Ag
in YBCO shifts the various crossover temperatures of paracoherent state towards higher temperature. 3D
superconducting fluctuations dominate the mean field region more in case of composite samples as
compared to pristine sample. Further the interlayer coupling also increases with increase in Ag
concentration in YBCO. In presence of magnetic field, 2D superconducting fluctuations dominate the
mean field region resulting in confinement of Cooper pairs in 2D planes. Various crossover temperatures
and interlayer coupling do not show any appreciable change with addition of Ag in YBCO when a magnetic
field is present. However, in presence of magnetic field, in addition to 2D and 3D fluctuations of mean
field region, we observe critical region in all composite samples which is strikingly different feature than
zero fields. The overall analysis of experimental results indicates significant changes in mean field region,
critical region and short-wave fluctuation region of YBCO with the addition of Ag.

Keywords: Superconductivity, YBCO, Fluctuation Conductivity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797023765.
E-mail Address: bilal200620@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

545
High Energy Magnon Excitations in Epitaxial LaFeO3 and
LaFe0.75Zn0.25O3 Cubic Thin Films grown on SrTiO3 (STO)
(100) Substrate
Samiya Manzoor£1, Shahid Husain2, V. Raghavendra Reddy3
1,2
Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, India.
3
UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, India.
JKSC-1541

Abstract

The epitaxial films of LaFeO3 (LFO) and LaFe0.75Zn0.25O3 (LFZO) are grown on STO (100) substrate
using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The as grown films have been investigated to study the structural
properties and magnon excitations using temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy. The structural
characterization of epitaxial LaFeO3 thin films has been carried out with x-ray diffraction (XRD) and high
resolution x-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (HRXRD-RSM). XRD and RSM indicate the epitaxial
growth of LFO film with the cubic structure. Raman measurements on LFO and LFZO thin films have
been performed to find the interplay between lattice and magnetic orders. The second order phonon
scattering, detected at high energy above 1300cm-1 exhibits strong magnetic origin. The behavior of these
peaks with temperature has been investigated and it has been found that the peaks vanish around the
Neel temperature of LaFeO3, indicating the transition from antiferromagnetic state to paramagnetic state.
The hardening of the magnon modes is observed as the temperature approaches towards the Neel
temperature that may be due to the transition from ordered antiferromagnetic to disordered
paramagnetic state. The absence of first order phonon modes in Raman spectra confirms the cubic
structure of films.

Keywords: Reciprocal Space Mapping, Phonon Scattering, Magnon Modes, Raman Spectra.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9070131743.
E-mail Address: samiyamanzoor8@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

546
Impedance Spectroscopy study of LSMH Crystals in the
Temperature Range of 150-300K
Fayaz Ahmad Najar£, Gowher Bashir Vakil, Basharat Ahmad Want
Solid State Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1570

Abstract

The electrical properties of lithium sulfate monohydrate (LSMH) crystals were investigated by impedance
spectroscopy techniques in the temperature range of 150-300K. The variation of complex resistivity with
temperature shows dispersion at a temperature of 180K.The relaxation behaviour observed in the crystals
was explained by Cole-Cole plots and the various entities responsible for relaxation was discussed. The
variation of dielectric constant and dielectric loss at different frequency and temperature was also studied
and correlated with other results of the crystals. Variation of susceptibility at different temperatures was
also studied.

Keywords: Impedance Spectroscopy, Relaxation, Dielectric, Susceptibility, Complex Resistivity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858333652.
E-mail Address: fayazphysics@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

547
Importance of Hexadecapole Interaction in 62-78Zn Isotopes
Tariq Ahmad War£1, Parvaz Ahmad Dar2
£,1
S.P College Srinagar, India.
2
GDC Women’s Pulwama, India.
JKSC-182

Abstract

Variation After Projection (VAP) calculations in conjunction with Hartree- Bogoliuv (HB) anstz have been
carried out for Zinc isotopes. In this frame work the yrast spectra, B(E2) transition probabilities and
quadrupole deformation parameters have been obtained. A comparison of the calculated yrast spectra
obtained with PQ and PQH interactions with the observed yrast states indicates that the hexadecapole
interaction plays an important role in obtaining satisfactory agreement with the experiment.

Keywords: Nuclear Structure variation After Projection Calculated Levels, B(E2) Tranisition Probabilities, Quadrupole
Deformation Parameter.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469065541.
E-mail Address: drtariqwar@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

548
Improved Photo-Electrochemical Efficiency shown by Fe2O3
Deposited multi-leg TiO2 Nanotube Array
Muzaffar Ahmad Boda£, Mohammad Ashraf Shah
Special Centre For Nano-Science, Department of Physics, NIT, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1550

Abstract

Electrochemically anodized multi-leg TiO2 nanotube containing foil were annealed purposefully at 450
ºC to obtain the desired anatase phase having greater photocatalytic efficiency than the counter phases
of TiO2. The greater photocatalytic efficiency of anatase phase is attributed to presence of bulk number of
excitons in comparison to its counter phases. In reference of conventional compact TiO2 nanotube
array, multi-podal nanotubes offer greater advantage in suppressing the light generated excitons. Under
exposure of multi-podal TiO2 nanotube array foil to transient visible light source, the photocurrent
density recorded was 0.29 mAcm-2. Such poor response of TiO2 nanotube array under visible light is due
to large band gap which limits their light harnessing ability to UV light only. Herein, to increase the
photocurrent response under visible light, the as obtained nanotubes were functionalized by visible light
active band gap Fe2O3 semiconducting material. As such the augmentation in photocurrent response in
such hybrid nanostructure wasn't expected due to required deficit of band edges in the individual
semiconductors. However, coupling of these two semiconductors resulted in the reconfiguration of their
band edges altogether due to self built electric field. Therefore, the resulting hybrid structure showed a
photocurrent density of 0.42 mAcm-2 which is nearly 1.44 times enhancement in optical response in
comparison to bare multi-podal titania nanotubes under similar conditions.

Keywords : TiO2 Nanotubes, Anodization, Band Edges, Electric Field, Augmentation, Photocurrent.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697091405.
E-mail Address: muzaffar_8phd15@nitsri.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

549
Low l Power Suppression in Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) and Phantom Inflation
Mussadiq Hussain Qureshi£1, Asif Iqbal Ahanger2, Manzoor A. Malik3
1,3
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Raman Research Institute, Banglore, India.
JKSC-534

Abstract

Precise measurements of the anisotropies in the CMB not only give us broad clue of past history of the
universe but also allow us to obtain robust estimates of the cosmological parameters that govern the
growth of structure of the universe. Vast number of inflationary models have been explored, beyond
simple slow roll inflationary model, so far ranging from coupled scalar fields to modified gravity and is
still an interesting problem. Such studies are motivated by many anomalies observed in the CMB which
are not consistent with simple slow roll inflation. One of these anomalies include low CMB power at large
angular scales. We focus on Phantom inflation as an alternative cosmological model within the slow roll
approximation using two inflationary potentials to study low CMB power anomaly. We perform Markov
Chain Monto Carlo analysis to determine posterior distribution and the best fit values for the cosmological
parameters using Planck data and showed that CMB data does not discriminate normal and phantom
inflation. However, in contrast to the normal inflation for which only upper bounds on the r (tensor to
scalar ratio) are possible, we obtain both lower and upper bounds on r for the phantom driven scenarios.
We hope in the next decade or so with high precision polarization measurements it may be possible to
establish dominances of one model over the other.

Keywords: CMB, Phantom Inflation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622424619.
E-mail Address: mussadiqqureshi111@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

550
Non-Markovian Qubit Dephasing with Initial Correlations
Muzaffar Qadir Lone£1, Mehboob Rashid Bhat2, Junaid Majeed Bhat3, Ahmad Farouk4
1,2
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
National Institute of Technolgy, Rourkela Orissa, India.
4
Computer Sciences Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt.
JKSC-269

Abstract

Theory of open quantum systems has revolutionized our theoretical understanding of interacting
quantum systems and paved way for robust quantum technologies. However, there are still two long-
standing problems in the theory of open quantum systems — memory effects and the influence of initial
statistical correlations on the system dynamics. These problems take on special significance in the theory
of decoherence, since the decoherence time scale is usually much shorter than the time scales for other
relaxation processes in a system. In this work we analyze memory effects in an exactly solvable model for
qubit depahising under the influence of state dependent path. We show that the model admits exact
solutions for a large class of correlated initial states which are typical in the theory of quantum
measurements. We derive a master equation valid for arbitrary strength of coupling and is solved in closed
form for coherences of system density matrix.

Keywords: Quantum Measurement, Decoherence, Qubit.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051864879.
E-mail Address: lone.muzaffar@uok.edu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

551
Observation of Periodic VLF Emissions and Whistler-
Triggered Periodic VLF Emissions at Low Latitude Ground
Station Jammu (L=1.17) and their Interpretations
Rajou Kumar Pandita£
Physics Department, GCW, M A Road Srinagar Kashmir, Constituent College of Cluster University Kashmir, India.

JKSC-1568

Abstract

New experimental data on periodic VLF emissions and whistler - triggered periodic VLF emissions during
a quiet period at low latitude ground station Jammu (geomagnetic latitude 22026/N; L=1.17) is presented
in this paper. The present finding is believed to be first such events reported from any of the low latitude
ground stations during quiet times. The whistlers recorded during quiet times are one-hop, or short type
and the travel times of short whistlers at 4kHz are found to be in the range of 0.15-0.26 sec corresponding
to dispersion in the range of 10-17 sec½.The short whistlers were observed continuously for a long period
during quiet days in the frequency range normally between 2-5 kHz and are found to be triggered by
periodic VLF emissions. From the detailed spectrum analysis of the whistler-triggered periodic emissions
observed at Jammu, it is found that the time intervals between the consecutive periodic emissions are
almost same with the time delays between any of the two successive hops of multiflash whistlers. The
interesting point is that the Time Period between any of the periodic VLF emissions and one-hop whistler
traces is almost half of the time delay of a one hop whistler of dispersion 12s1/2, as explained in this paper.

Keywords: Whistlers, VLF Emissions, Dispersion, Periodic VLF Emissions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419281601.
E-mail Address: rajoukumar40@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

552
On Chaos Propagation in Many Body Quantum Systems
Mohammad Zaid Zaz£
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-170

Abstract

Recently it has been pointed out that a certain characterization of quantum chaos in terms of an effective
information loss can be efficiently studied using Ads/CFT correspondence. It has been pointed out that
within this correspondence and this particular paradigm of studying quantum chaos, a class of quantum
mechanical systems viewed as conformal field theories with an exact Einstein gravity dual behave as
maximally chaotic. This has sparked up the question, are theories with an explicit Einstein gravity dual,
the only class of theories which are maximally chaotic? It turns out that one can in fact look at various
setups with no explicit gravitational degrees of freedom in the bulk can be maximally chaotic like an open
string living in an AdS background. This begs another question, what kind of probe theories would give a
maximally chaotic behavior. In this paper we would try to answer questions of such nature and we would
comment on various tools that characterize quantum chaos such as the butterfly velocity, we would also
comment on how butterfly velocity has been used to derive a bound on transport coefficients in condensed
matter systems.

Keywords: Chaos, Ads/CFT, Butterfly Velocity, Transport Coefficients, Condensed Matter.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006502810.
E-mail Address: mohammadzaz@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

553
On the Pre-heating of Intra-Cluster Medium
Manzoor Malik£1, Asif Iqbal Ahangar2, S. Majumdar3, Biman B. Nath4, S. Ettori5, D.
Eckert6
1
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
3
TIFR, Mumbai, India.
4
RRI, Bangalore,India.
5
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
6
Astronomy Department, University of Geneva. Ecogia, Versoix, Switzerland.
JKSC-331

Abstract

We study entropy enhancement and the corresponding non-gravitational feedback energy profiles in the
Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM) for a sample of 17 galaxy clusters from cluster cores to cluster outskirts using
joint ROSAT density and Planck pressure data sets. We show entropy floor of ≥ 300 keV cm 2, needed
in order to match cluster scalings, is ruled out at ≈ 3σ beyond r500. We also show that the
corresponding feedback energy of 1 keV per particle is ruled out at ≈ 5.2σ beyond r500. Our analysis
takes both non-thermal pressure and clumping into account which can be important in outer regions.
Our results, based on the direct probe of the ICM in the outermost regions, do not support any significant
pre-heating.

Keywords: Cosmology, Clusters, ICM.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596256448.
E-mail Address: mmalik@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

554
Percolative Metal to Insulator Transition and the Role of
Electron-Electron and Kondo Interactions on the Low
Temperature Electronic Transport Properties of Electron
Doped La0.9Zr0.1MnO3 System
Irshad Ahmad Bhat£

Govt. Degree College Boys Baramulla , India.

JKSC-173

Abstract

We report the exotic electronic and magnetic properties of electron doped La0.9Zr0.1MnO3 manganite
system. These properties are correlated and are associated with the competition among charge, spin and
lattice coupling. The crystallographic studies have confirmed rhombohedral crystal symmetry of the
sample with space group R-3c. X-ray photoemission core level studies have confirmed the electron doping
and that the Zr ions are in the tetravalent state and Mn ions are forced to be in a mixed state of Mn 3+ and
Mn2+. The temperature dependent resistivity results exhibit metal-insulator transition Tp and showed
strong correlation with the magnetic transition temperature Tc (246K). Three independent phase
transitions (Tp) have been observed, one at very close to the magnetic transition temperature and other
two at the temperatures below Tc. The first one at 237K is attributed to the competition between the short
range orbital/charge order and the long range FM order. The transition at 212K is ascribed to the tunneling
of spin polarized electrons at grain boundaries or percolation of charge carriers through ferromagnetic
metal domains. The transition corresponds to the temperature Tp (50K) has been attributed to the
combined effect of e-e interaction and Kondo contributions.

Keywords: Metal-Insulator Transition, CMR, XRD, XPS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9070513177.
E-mail Address: bhat.amu85@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

555
Quantum Switching Via Pulse Engineering
Ilyas Noor Bhatti£
Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi, India .

JKSC-268

Abstract

In quantum computation, quantum analogue of classical bit is required which is named as qubit which
can be understood in terms of spin of localized spins. Therefore, the spin system, which is indeed a
promising candidate for quantum computation, has attracted the attention of condensed matter
physicists. Storing the qubits is one of the important requirements for quantum computation. Researchers
have suggested various techniques to make quantum memory devices. Leuenberger and Loss suggest the
use of molecular magnets in order to make memory devices based on Grover’s algorithm. To enable
Grover’s algorithm, superposition of quantum states are required and one needs to search a method
to generate any arbitrary superposition of Eigen states. Generating any arbitrary superposition of Eigen
states is indeed controlled switching.In this paper, we present a method of controlled switching for
Heisenberg antiferromagnet made up of spin −1/2 particles and obtain analytical results. We apply
magnetic pulses for short duration on the ground state and fix the constraints for the magnetic pulse to
get states which are orthogonal to the state we began with i.e. the ground state. As one perturbs the system
via magnetic pulses the system is driven to a non-equilibrium state which can be written as a linear
superposition of complete set of Eigen states in the Hilbert space of the system. To make a perturbed state
long lived, one needs to impose certain constraints over the applied magnetics pulse. This process is called
dynamical freezing.

Keywords: Quantum Computation, Qubits , Magnetics Pulse, Spin System.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8447852945.
E-mail Address: inoorbhatti@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

556
Space Dispersion of Induced Charge in Resistive Plate
Chambers (RPCs)
Shamsul Haque Thoker£,1, Waseem Bari Tak2, Satyanarayana Bheesette3
1,2
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India..
JKSC-1377

Abstract

The India-based Neutrino (INO) Observatory Collaboration has chosen glass Resistive Plate
Chambers(RPCs) as the active detector elements for its Iron Calorimeter detector and is going to deploy
30,000 RPC Stack. Operation and performance of the RPCs mostly depends upon the graphite coating
acting as the high voltage provider. Therefore, it is imperative that we study the effect of the surface
resistivity of electrode coating of graphite on RPC characteristics and performance in greater detail. In
this report the effects of surface resistivity of graphite coating, on the space dispersion of the induced
charge of the four fabricated prototype RPCs of resistivity 4000kΩ/ohm, 400kΩ/ohm, 100kΩ/ohm,
40kΩ/ohm have been studied experimentally. All the four RPCs have been studied under same
environmental conditions in avalanche mode of operation. RPC detector parameters like Efficiency, Strip
rate and cross-talk measurements and their variation with resistivity is presented in this paper.

Keywords: Resistive Plate Chamber, Surface Resistivity, Charge Dispersion.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419943292.
E-mail Address: shamsulthoker@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

557
Structural and Magnetic Property Changes Due to Cobalt
Doping in LaMn1-xCoxO3 (0.1≤ x ≤ 0.5)
Farooq Hussain Bhat£,1, Ghazala Anjum2, Ram Janey Choudhary3, Ravi Kumar4,
Manzoor Ahmad Malik5
1,5
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Physics, Govt. Degree College Kulgam, India..
3 UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, India,
4
Centre for Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India,
JKSC-313

Abstract

The doping of cobalt (Co) at manganese (Mn) site induces ferromagnetism (FM) in LaMn¬1-xCoxO3,
where the parent compound LaMnO3 is a type-A antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator. There is no single
idea underlying the exchange interaction and the onset of FM in LaMn1-xCoxO3 perovskites. It has been
explained through superexchange (SE) interactions, positive exchange interaction and double exchange
(DE) mechanism. The competition between positive & negative superexchange interactions as well as Co 2+
and Mn4+ ionic ordering of NaCl type has also been cited as the cause. The studies on charge distribution
too are varying and uncertain. Therefore, in the above scenario the present study of Co induced
modification in structural and magnetic properties of LaMn1-xCoxO3 (0.1≤ x ≤ 0.5) [LMCO] system
has been done. The structural studies reveal single phase orthorhombic crystal structure of the samples
with the Pbnm as space group. The XRD pattern shows a peak shift towards higher 2ɵ values as x
increases indicating the lattice contraction due to Co substitution at Mn site resulting in the decrease of
overall unit cell volume. This reduction may be attributed to the smaller ionic radii of Co as compared to
that of Mn. The magnetic studies have shown the occurrence of double ferromagnetic transition induced
by Co substitution at Mn site in the samples x = 0.3-0.5. An attempt is made here to ascertain the reason
behind this double transition. The earlier studies have attributed it to temperature dependence or the co-
existence of rhombohedral and orthorhombic crystallographic phases. The mixed valence state of Mn
(Mn3+ & Mn4+) and Co (Co2+ & Co3+) could also be the reason.

Keywords: Ferromagnetism, Structural, Magnetic, XRD, Mixed Valency.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419061369.
E-mail Address: fhbhat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

558
Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Studies of Holmium
Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Ruqiya Bhat£, Ghulam Nabi Dar
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-562

Abstract

The transition metal oxide nanoparticles have attracted the scientific community due to their fascinating
promising applications in the fields of information storage disks, ferrofluids, pigments, and medical
applications like targeted drug delivery and cancer diagnoses. In this report, iron oxide nanoparticles with
the stoichiometric formula ╺-HoxFe2-xO3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) were synthesized by sol-gel
auto combustion technique. The phase formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and
the crystallite size was found to decrease with Ho3+ ion doping. The surface morphology of the prepared
samples was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The Energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscope (EDS) technique was used to confirm the incorporation of Ho 3+ ions in ╺-Fe2O3 lattice.
Dielectric studies revealed enhancement in dielectric constant, with increase in Ho 3+ ion doping. In low
temperature region (100 – 250 K), conductivity was found to decrease confirming metallic nature,
however an increase in conductivity at high temperatures (250 – 400 K), confirming semiconducting
behavior of all the samples. The conductivity follows Motts law confirming hoping conduction
mechanism. The M-H hysteresis loops were traced in order to ascertain the magnetic behavior of the
samples. The non-saturated hysteresis loops reveals wide particle size distribution and super-
paramagnetic nature of particles.

Keywords: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Holmium, Dielectrics, Conductivity, Hysteresis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622662565.
E-mail Address: ruqiyabhat@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

559
The Study of Cosmic Ray Intensity Variation with Solar
Activity Indices for Solar Cycle 22-24
Shabir Ahmad£, C.M. Tiwari, A.K. Saxena
Department of Physics, A.P.S University Rewa ( M.P), India.
JKSC-891

Abstract

In this paper, a systematic correlation study has been performed to establish the significant relationship
between Cosmic Ray Intensity(CRI) and Solar activity Indices for Solar cycle 22-24. The study has been
performed on the important Solar activity indices like Sunspot Number(SSN), Total Solar Irradiance(TSI),
Geomagnetic activity indices AE index and aa index. The yearly average of SSN, TSI and geomagnetic
activity indices has been used to correlate with yearly average of CRI derived from the data of different
neutron monitors. It has been found that for three different Solar cycles, the CRI is found to be anti-
correlated with SSN, TSI AE index and aa index. However, the AE index and aa index shows positive
correlation with SSN and TSI during Solar cycle 22-24.

Keywords: Cosmic Ray Intensity, Sunspot Numbers,Total Solar Irradiance, Geomagnetic Activity Indices.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825079172.
E-mail Address: mirshabir155@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

560
Thin Film Preparation of Single and Bilayer Rare-Earth
Doped PZT-Co Ferrite Composites
Rubiya Samad£, Mehraj Ud Din Rather, Basharat Want, Nuzhat Nazir, Nahida Hassan
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1403

Abstract

For the technological applications, integration of material in the form of thin films is the initial step
towards its realization. In the present research, single layer Pr doped Cobalt ferrite and bilayers of Pr
doped cobalt ferrite with Yb and Pr doped PZT films deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique on
commercial Pt(111)-150 nm/Ti-10 nm/SiO2-300 nm/Si(100) substrate are presented. XRD pattern confirms
the single phase nature and oriented growth of as-prepared thin films on Pt (111) substrate. It is observed
that decrease in average grain size has been obtained for bilayer films with the lowest value for YbPZT-
CPrFO bilayer thin film. It is thus reasonable to note that bilayer films have resulted in grain growth
inhibition. The strain has been increased for bilayer thin films with the highest strain developed in YbPZT-
CPrFO thin film. The root means square of the roughness (RMS roughness) increases for bilayer thin films
with the highest value for YbPZT-CPrFO thin film. The change in the morphology of the films for bilayer
thin films is indicative of the fact that there is substantial variation in the crystal lattice formation on the
surface of the growing films. The results indicate that bilayer thin films have the due impact on grain
formation and hence leads to change in surface roughness. For all of the films, the in-plane M–H curve
shows higher magnetization and higher ramenance than out-of-plane one. This is to some extent similar
to Stoner–Wohlfarth model of oriented uniaxial anisotropy that the easy axis of magnetization is in-
plane and hard axis is out-of-plane. The increase in magnetization in bilayer films is due to the deposition
of PZT top layer on cobalt ferrite films which lead to enhancement of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy as
a result of increasing the residual stress. Interestingly, this strong in-plane magnetic anisotropy along with
the reduction of coercivity in bilayer films may lead to more applications in the magnetoelectric devices.

Keywords: Thin film, Bilayer, PLD, Magnetization, Anisotropy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622851266.
E-mail Address: rubiyasamad007@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

561
W Uma Binary Stars in M 37
Ajaz Ahmad Dar£, Manzoor A Malik
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-202

Abstract

The time series CCD photometric observations of open star cluster M 37 were carried out up to limiting
magnitude of about V~20 magnitude in both V and B filter to search for variable stars using 2Kx4K CCD
and 1.3m JCB telescope at Vainu Bapu Observatory, Kavalur. A total of 314 stars have been observed using
2Kx4K CCD in the first observing run. A total of new 87 variable stars have been identified and among 87
variables 8 were classified as W Uma binary star. We used Lomb Scargle and Schuster periodogram for
period calculations to plot the phase diagram of W Uma binaries. For model fitting Phoebe is used for
plotting observed and synthetic data and obtaining parameters and physical properties of these newly
detected W Uma Binaries.

Keywords: W Uma, M 37, Periodogram, Light Curves.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9070087111.
E-mail Address: ajazorama@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

562
Structural and Morphological Studies of Double Perovskite
Gd2NiMnO6
Nazima Nazir£
National Institute of Technolog y (NIT), Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1369

Abstract

Polycrystalline samples of Gd2NiMnO6 were prepared from precursors Gd2O3, NiO and MnO2 taken in
stoichiometric proportions via solid state reaction method. The samples were grounded and sintered at
1100 degrees followed by another sintering at 1350 degrees for about 36 hours till the required phase was
achieved. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the samples reveals a monoclinic phase with space group
P21/n. The diffraction peaks of XRD pattern confirms the formation of pure phase compound which is also
evident from the fit data (χ2=1.57). From Rietvield refinement, the cell parameters were found to be,
a=5.285, b=5.554 and c=7.548, Î ±=γ=90ÌŠ and β =90.083ÌŠ. The surface morphology was investigated
using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs revealed the particle size to be about
4.2um. Energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) was performed to reveal the chemical composition of all
the distinct elements present in the sample under investigation. Raman spectroscopy was used to find the
different stretching modes and to find the local strain in the material.

Keywords: SEM, Rietvield Refinement, XRD.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006571602.
E-mail Address: nazimanazir1991@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

563
Manipulation of Rubidium Cascade System using Pump-
Probe-Auxiliary Lasers

Waseem Raja£1, M. Farooq Mir1, Ayan ray2, Alok Chakrabarti3, Raja Ramanna3
1
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Radio Active Ion Beam Facility Group, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India.
3
Raja Ramanna Chair Professor, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India.
JKSC-279

Abstract

Among the various level schemes (Vee, Lamda, Cascade/ladder) for the study of higher excited states, Rb
cascade system is exhaustively used e.g. in Rydberg excitation, Four-wave mixing and optical switching
etc. Based upon the end goal of experiment, Pump-probe spectroscopy with counter-propagating (EIT
experiments) and co-propagating (Four wave mixing experiments) geometries is employed in two-photon
excitation experiments. In these experiments one wishes to transfer more population to higher states to
enhance two-photon absorption. Here we will present the experimental method for manipulation of
population at ground state hyperfine levels of rubidium atoms with extended pump-probe method. We
choose the Doppler broadened medium (85Rb) as a species and excite it with three external cavity diode
laser beams. We will explore the results by adding third laser as auxiliary laser with pump-probe geometry.
The auxiliary beam is in resonance with 85Rb D2 transition and is at a finite distance from the line of
propagation of pump-probe combination. This auxiliary laser is responsible for manipulating the ground
hyperfine levels. Basically, auxiliary laser produces a vapor cell atom beam in the medium which induces
population asymmetry at the ground levels. By changing the auxiliary beam resonance conditions we can
control the population asymmetry in the given medium. The enhancement and reduction in the two-
photon absorption could be hence controlled.

Keywords: Cascade System, Pump-Probe, Vapor Cell Atom Beam.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713904864.
E-mail Address: waseemjnv@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

564
Physical Properties of Zn1-xCdxO Films for Optoelectronic
Device Applications
Rayees Ahmad Zargar£1, Hilal Ahmad Reshi1, Sharief Ud Din Khan2
1
Department of Physics, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India.
2
Department of Electronics, AAA-Government Degree College (Bemina), Srinagar,, India

JKSC-941

Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) having band gap (Eg ∼3.36 eV) with a large exciton binding energy of ∼60 meV and
high resistivity. In contrast to Cadmium oxide (CdO) with band gap (Eg ∼2.3 eV), low resistivity and
optical transmittance in the visible region of the solar spectrum. Since both belong to n-type
semiconductor. It was reported in literature that by alloying Cd into ZnO composition reduces the band
gap of ZnO and can be extended to green region with longer wavelength by alloying it with higher Cd.
In this paper we report structural, optical and electrical properties of wide band gap cadmium doped zinc
oxide thick film prepared by screen-printing route. Characterization of the sample was carried out with
UV-visible and Raman spectra. The structural and optical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), with UV–visible spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. XRD patterns confirmed
hexagonal wurtzite structure with single phase, the optical properties and the energy band gap of pure
and Cd2+ions doped ZnO films were studied by UV–visible absorbance spectroscopy. As the doping
concentration is increased, both the absorption edge and the reflectance edge is found to shift towards
higher wavelengths (red shift) and the direct band gap decreased from 3.26 to 3.12 eV. The incorporation
of copper in ZnO lattice is confirmed by Raman spectrum. The E2 (high) phonon and multiphoton modes
are observed at 441 and 1132 cm-1 respectively in Raman spectra.

Keywords: Screen Printing, XRD,UV-Visible, Raman- Spectra.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493044123.
E-mail Address: rayeesphy12@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

565
Electric, Magnetic and Magnetodielectric Properties of
Yttrium Doped BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 Multiferroic Composite
£
Mehraj Ud Din Rather, Rubiya Samad, Basharat Want
Solid State Research Lab, Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1690

Abstract

The quest for multiferroic materials, where the phenomena of ferroelectricity and magnetism are
intimately coupled, is of great technological and fundamental importance. The exciting new development
and demand is the discovery of multifunctional materials in which even a weak magnetoelectric
interaction exists between a ferroelectric and magnetic phase. In this report, multiferroic composites of
ferroelectric and ferrite phases having general formula 𝑥CoY0.1Fe1.9O4 - (1 − 𝑥) Ba0.95Y0.05TiO3 (where
x = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) were prepared using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction studies were
done to confirm the presence of constituent phases. The microstructural analysis revealed an increase in
density with the increase of ferrite content in the ferroelectric matrix. Dielectric studies of the composites
revealed two ferroelectric phase transitions. The low-temperature dc conductivity behavior follows Motts
law, confirming the variable range hopping mechanism in all the composites. The coexistence of P-E and
M-H hysteresis loops confirm the ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic nature of the composites. Low
temperature magnetic studies revealed an increase in coercivity and decrease in saturation magnetization.
The coupling between the two ferroic phases was confirmed by room temperature magneto-dielectric
studies. The real part of dielectric constant as well as dielectric loss decreased with an increase in the
applied dc magnetic field. The percentage magneto-capacitance showed a favorable increase with increase
in ferrite content in the composites.

Keywords: Multiferroics, Phase transition, Motts law, Hopping, Magnetoelectric Coupling.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419022089.
E-mail Address: mehrajrather@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

566
Statistical Sciences
568
A Mathematical Programming Approach for Obtaining
Optimum Strata Boundaries Using Two Auxiliary Variables
Under Proportional Allocation
Faizan Danish£
Division of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Basic Sciences, SKUAST, Jammu , India.
JKSC-283

Abstract

Optimum stratification is the method of choosing the best boundaries that make the strata internally
homogenous. Many authors have attempted for determining the optimum strata boundaries (OSB) when
a study variable is itself a stratification variable. However, in many practical situations fetching
information regarding the study variable is either difficult or sometimes is not available. In such situations
we take help from the variable (s) closely related to the study variable. Using auxiliary information many
authors have formulated the problem as a MPP by redefining the problem as the problem of optimum
strata width and developed a solution procedure using dynamic programming technique. By using many
distributions, they worked out the optimum strata boundary points for the population under different
allocation. In this paper, under proportional allocation the OSBs are determined for the study variable
using two auxiliary variables as the basis of stratification with uniform, right-triangular, exponential and
lognormal frequency distribution by formulating the problems which are executed by using dynamic
programming. Empirical studies are presented to illustrate the computation details of the solution
procedure and its comparison with the existing literature.

Keywords: Optimum Stratification, Multistage Decision Problem, Mathematical Programming Problem.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469177753.
E-mail Address: danishstat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

569
A New Family of Weighted Maxwell -Boltzmann and its
Application
Ajaz Ahmad Bhat£, Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-196

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the mixture model of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (MD) and the
Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (WMD) called as Mixture Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution (MWMD) and studies its different statistical properties. The parameters of the proposed
distribution have been estimated through the method of maximum likelihood estimation. Further, the
real-life data sets are considered for making the comparison between the special cases of Mixture
Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann for the best fit.

Keywords: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution, Weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution, Mixture Distribution,

Reliability Analysis, Real Life data, AIC, BIC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596314939.
E-mail Address: bhatajaz.msst@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

570
An Efficient Ratio Type Estimators for Finite Population Mean
Using Huber M Estimation.
Tariq Ahmad Raja£
SKUAST-K , Srinagar, India.
JKSC-357

Abstract

In sample surveys, researcher is always curious to develop such estimators by which there is gain in
precision in the estimates than by already existing estimators, this gain is achieved by using auxiliary
information and it is always found that use of auxiliary information increases the precision of estimates.
The auxiliary information is utilized both at design, estimation stage or at both the stages and the use of
such auxiliary information is made through ratio, regression, product and difference type estimators, but
in the present paper, the use of auxiliary information is made through ratio method of estimation and to
propose some efficient ratio type estimators for finite population mean in simple random sampling using
the auxiliary information of Non-Conventional Location parameters such as Tri-Mean, Mid-Range and
Hodges- Lehmann. The properties associated with the estimators are assessed by Mean Square Error and
compared with the existing estimators. By this comparison, I conclude that my proposed estimators are
more efficient than the existing estimators. Theoretical as well as numerical illustration is given in support
the theoretical results.

Keywords: Ratio Estimators, Robust regression, M-Estimation, Auxiliary Information, Efficiency.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906594488.
E-mail Address: tariqaraja@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

571
Application of Non-Parametric and Semi-Parametric
Regression Models for Production, Productivity and Area
Trends in Apple (Malus domestica) in Jammu and Kashmir.
Yasmeena Ismail£, Nageena Nazir
Division of Agristatistics, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (K), Shalimar, India.
JKSC-737

Abstract

Apple is one of the most important horticultural produce and illustrious worldwide for its health benefits.
One of the major apple producing zones in the north India is Jammu and Kashmir and major portion of
the state is economically dependent on this horticultural industry. The present study is an attempt to find
past trends of apple in Jammu and Kashmir using parametric, nonparametric and semi-parametric
regression methods. The performance of each method is compared using higher values of R^2 and lower
values of residual criteria. It is found that the nonparametric/semi-parametric regression comes out to be
good fit for trends in apple production in comparison to the parametric regression.

Keywords: Apple Production, Semi-Parametric, Nonparametric, Parametric.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825058179.
E-mail Address: yasminjameela09@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

572
Applications of Implicit Small Area Models in Agriculture.
Nageena Nazir£1, Shakeel Ahmad Mir2, Zahoor Ahmad Rather3, Bhagyashree
Dhekele4, Gazala Nazir5
Division Of Agricultural Statistics SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India.
1,2,4

3
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kupwara, SKUAST-K, India.
5
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Ganderbal, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-792

Abstract

In small area estimation one is always concerned about the trade of between bias and variance. With small
sample sizes the unbiasedness of the direct estimators may be of no practical value due to large variance
of the estimator. The model-based estimators are prone to bias, but they have the advantage of small
variances compared to the design-based estimators. There is evidence that the model-based small area
estimators outperform the direct estimators with respect to the estimation accuracy measured with mean
squared error (MSE) (Torabi and Rao, 2008). This is possibly why the model-based approach is widely
accepted as the framework for small area estimation. In this paper, we have obtained direct, synthetic and
composite estimators on real agricultural data set and results obtained from these estimators are
compared in terms of average relative bias, average squared relative bias, average absolute bias, average
squared deviation as well as the empirical mean square error. It has been found that composite estimator
works better than direct and synthetic estimators. The above discussed methods are illustrated practically
with the help of SAS and R software on the basis of newly developed functions piest (), composite (),
relative bias (), absolute bias ().

Keywords: Ratio Model-Based Estimation Methods, Synthetic Estimates, Composite Estimates.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018385273.
E-mail Address: nazir.nageena@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

573
Determination of Appropriate Sampling Design in High
Density Apple Orchards.
Tabasum Mushtaq£, Shakeel Ahmad Mir, Nageena Nazir
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology ,Shalimar, Srinagar, India..

JKSC-937

Abstract

In horticultural surveys determination of appropriate sampling design is of foremost importance.

Inappropriate, Inadequate sampling strategy can lead to wrong results and can influence the quality of
estimates of population parameters. The paper describes the appropriate method of sampling strategy
choosing to gain maximum efficiency of estimates in survey of high density apple orchards. The data used
for this research was primary data collected over two years from high density apple block of SKUAST-
Kashmir (Plot-Malling Hybrid). The study was carried on the basis of trunk cross sectional area of high
density apple trees of two varieties viz. Gala Red Lum and Fuji Zehn Aztec. Various sampling schemes
were employed for obtaining the sample to estimate the population parameters. It is observed that
stratified sampling scheme with proportional allocation procedure gives most efficient estimates for
estimating population parameters of both the HAD varieties under study.

Keywords: Stratified Random Sampling, Proportional Allocation, Efficiency.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889799899.
E-mail Address: tabumushtaq2010@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

574
On Length Biased Nakagami Distribution
Sofi Mudasir Ahad£, Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad
Department. of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-181

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the length biased version of Nakagami distribution known as length biased
Nakagami distribution. Some properties such as mements, reliability function, hazard rate function are
studied. We also estimate the scale parameter of the new model through maximum likelihood and
Bayesian methods of estimation. In order to obtain Bayes estimators, we take jeffreys and extension of
jeffreys priors. Also different loss functions such as precautionary loss function, Al-bayyatis loss function
and weighted loss function are taken into consideration. Posterior risks are obtained under the
combination of different priors and different loss functions and the results are compared. A real life data
set is used for illustration. For simulation study, we use R-Software. After the comparison, we conclude
that it is the Al-bayyatis loss function which is preferred one as under this loss function value of posterior
risk is minimum.

Keywords: Length Biased Nakagami Distribution, Moments, Maximum Likelihood Estimates, Bayesian Estimates,
Posterior Risk.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018125674.
E-mail Address: sofimudasir3806@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

575
Extension of Generalized Inverse Rayleigh Distribution:
Properties and Applications
Uzma Jan£, Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad
Department. of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-184

Abstract

In this manuscript, we propose a transmuted model of Generalized Inverse Rayleigh distribution. This
article provides the detailed account of statistical properties of the new distribution. Different properties
like reliability analysis, moment generating function, characteristic function, entropy and order statistics
have been derived. The parameters of the newly proposed model have been estimated using the method
of maximum likelihood estimation. Both the real as well as simulated data sets have been considered for
making comparison between the special cases of the proposed model for best fit.

Keywords: Transmuted Generalized Inverse Rayleigh Distribution, Reliability Analysis, Entropy, Order Statistics,
AIC, BIC, AICC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906759968.
E-mail Address: peeruzma1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

576
Estimation of Finite Population Mean using Auxiliary
Information in Simple Random Sampling
Subzar Ahmad Mir£
Division of Agricultural Statistics SKUAST-K, Shalimar .
JKSC-220

Abstract

The most dominant problem in the survey sampling is to obtain the better estimators for the estimation
of population mean or population variance as in survey sampling, it is always advantageous to use the
information available on the auxiliary variable which is correlated with the variable of interest so that the
estimation theory is enhanced by using the auxiliary information in order to improve on designs, precision
and efficiency of estimators. The use of this auxiliary information is made through different methods of
estimation such as ratio, regression, product and difference type estimators. But in the present study we
utilize the auxiliary information through ratio method of estimation and propose a modified class of ratio
type estimators in order to estimate the finite population mean in simple random sampling using the
auxiliary information of coefficient of variation, population Median and population Deciles. The
properties associated with the proposed estimators are assessed by mean square error and Bias and
compared with Subramani and Kumarapandiyan (2012) and Abid et al. (2016). Analytical comparison
shown that the suggested estimators are more efficient than existing ones. An empirical study has been
carried out to examine the merits of the proposed class of estimators over others.

Keywords: Ratio Estimators, Auxiliary Information, Bias, Mean Square Error, Simple Random Sampling, Efficiency.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494033295.
E-mail Address: subzarstat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

577
Special Issue on Bayesian Methods in Statistical Theory and
Econometrics
Firdoos Yousuf£
Department of Statistics, AMU, India .
JKSC-224

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the basics of Bayesian data analysis. In the recent years,Bayesian have become
more popular, although still not widely used. The basic tool of Bayesian analysis is Laplace approximation
of Tierney and Kadane (1986 JASA). Sampling importance resampling has also been implemented using
estimates obtained from Laplace approximation for Normal proposal. MCMC tools are also used to
approximate the posteriors involved. Its comparison has been made with the implementation using JAGS
via R2jags software package. Illustrations are made on real data sets related to health Econometrics.

Keywords: Bayesian Inference, LaplacesDemon, Sampling Importance Resampling, LaplaceApproximation, MCMC,

R2jags, Simulation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8171047694.
E-mail Address: firdoos1990@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

578
Improvement of Model Efficiency in Chemical Analysis by
Orthogonal Regression
Khurshid Ahmad Bhat£
State Education Department, J & K, India.
JKSC-235

Abstract

An orthogonal regression method (OR1-OR4) plays an important role in chemical psychoanalysis (QSAR
and QSPR). Fitting of the best models remain the challenge to the researchers always, one should have
the full acquaintance about the all involving factors and the error component, the error component in the
regression models depend upon the type of methods used and the type of data available, maximum
quantity of this component eventually upset the future research and forecasting of the facts. In this paper
an internal linear combination of variables is introduced that improves the predictability and efficiency
of a models.

Keywords: Transmuted Generalized Inverse Rayleigh Distribution, Reliability analysis, Entropy, Order Statistics, AIC,
BIC and AICC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419060877.
E-mail Address: jkstatuk@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

579
New Generalized Average Code-Word Length and its Bounds
in Terms of New Generalized Inaccuracy Measure and their
Characterization
Ashiq Hussain Bhat£, Mirza Abdul Khalique Baig
Department. of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-328

Abstract

In this paper we develop a new generalized inaccuracy measure and a new generalized average code-word
length. These measures are the generalizations of some familiar measures existing in the subjects of
information and coding theory. Also we develop the noiseless coding theorems for discrete noiseless
channel. The mathematical results obtained in this paper are verified by using empirical data. Also the
monotonic behavior of these two measures with respect to parameters have been discussed.

Keywords: Shannon’s Entropy, Kerridge’s Inaccuracy Measure, Mean Code-Word Length, Kraft’s Inequality, Holder’s
Inequality, Huffman Codes, Shannon-Fano Codes, Noiseless Coding Theorem.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419185701.
E-mail Address: bhat_bilal@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

580
On Application of Statistical Models and an Extension of the
Generalized Exponential Distribution
Bilal Ahmad Bhat£1, Nisar Ahmad Rather2
1
SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-343

Abstract

Statistical models describe a real phenomenon in the form of mathematical equations. Out of large
number of methods and tools developed so far for analyzing data, the statistical models are the latest
innovations. In this paper, we present an interesting extension of Exponential distribution and discuss its
properties. Finally, we discuss the application of statistical models using real life data.

Keywords: Statistical Model, Exponential Distribution, Hazard Function, Moment Generating Function, Data.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419185701.
E-mail Address: bhat_bilal@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

581
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Utilizing R Software
Analytics
Immad Shah£, Imran Khan, Shakeel, A. Mir, M. S. Pukhta, Ajaz, A. Lone, Sabreena
Wani
Division of Agricultural Statistics, SKUAST-Kashmir
JKSC-382

Abstract

In this study the data has been subjected to multivariate factor analysis utilising R software using
the Factanal function and Psych Package. The end results revealed that the variables under
consideration can be grouped into two factors based upon the relative loading of each variable on
a given factor. The rotation used is Varimax rotation, has as its rationale the aim of factors with a
large few loadings and as many near zero loadings as possible. This is achieved by the iterative
maximization of the quadratic function of the loading.

Keywords: R Software, Factor analysis, Loadings, Communality, Uniqueness, Varimax.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006210027.
E-mail Address: immad11w@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

582
Generalized Inverse Fisk Model with Applications in Medical
Sciences
Bilal Ahmad Para£, Tariq Rashid Jan
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-667

Abstract

In this article, we propose a new generalization of Inverse Fisk Distribution (TIFD) using the quadratic
rank transmutation map technique studied by Shaw and Buckley [1]. We provide a comprehensive
description of the statistical properties of the TIFD. Robust measures of skewness and kurtosis of the
proposed model have also been derived along with the moment generating function, characteristic
function, reliability function and hazard rate function of the said model. The estimation of the model
parameters is performed by maximum likelihood method followed by a Monte Carlo simulation
procedure. The applicability of this distribution to modeling real life data is illustrated by two real life
examples and the results of comparison to base distribution in modeling the data are also exhibited.

Keywords: Survival Analysis, Robust Measures, Monte Carlo Simulation, Generalization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006384470.
E-mail Address: parabilal@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

583
Two Parametric 'Useful' Fuzzy Information Measure and
Noiseless Coding Theorems
Saima Manzoor Sofi£, Safeena Peerzada, M.A.K. Baig
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-730

Abstract

In this communication, we present a new two parametric 'Useful' Fuzzy Information Measure of order
alpha and type beta. The important properties of the proposed measure are also established.
Corresponding to this information measure, we define a new generalized 'useful' fuzzy mean code-word
length of order alpha and type beta. The bounds of this mean code-word length are found in terms of new
'useful' fuzzy information measure by using Kraft's Inequality. Further, noiseless coding theorem
associated with the 'useful' fuzzy information measure has been established. In addition, the validity of
proposed measure is established with the help of a numerical example by using R-Software.

Keywords: Shannon's Entropy, 'Useful' Fuzzy, Fuzzy Entropy, Holder's Inequality, Kraft's Inequality, Codeword Length.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796149708.
E-mail Address: saimam.stsc@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

584
Noiseless Coding Theorems of Two Parametric Fuzzy
Information Measure
Safeena Peerzada£, Saima Manzoor Sofi, M.A.K. Baig
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-739

Abstract

This article presents a new generalized two parametric fuzzy information measure of order alpha and type
beta. We establish the important properties of the proposed fuzzy information measure along with the
proof of its validity. A new generalized fuzzy average code-word length of order alpha and type beta is
defined corresponding to this fuzzy measure. By using Kraft's inequality, we obtain the bounds of this
mean code-word length in terms of new fuzzy information measure. Further, we establish the noiseless
coding theorem associated with the fuzzy information measure. In addition, with the help of a numerical
example we prove the validity of the proposed measure by using R-Software.

Keywords: Shannon's Entropy, Fuzzy Information, Holder's Inequality, Kraft's Inequality, Codeword Length.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796149708.
E-mail Address: saimam.stsc@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

585
Some Characterization Results of Lifetime Distributions Using
Two Parametric Weighted (Useful) Generalized Interval
Entropy
Bilal Ahmad Bhat£1, Mohd Javid Dar2
1
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-744

Abstract

In the literature of information theory, Shannon (1948) has introduced a basic measure of entropy. In the
measure, only the probability density function of the observed random variable is taken into account, but
the values of the random variable are neglected. The measure is only appropriate when the elementary
events of a probabilistic experiment have equal importance. If the elementary events are of different
qualitative characteristic, the measure is not appropriate. An alternative measure was introduced by Belis
and Guiasu (1968) and is known as weighted or useful entropy. In the present paper, we propose a new
two parametric weighted (useful) generalized interval entropy. We derive the expressions of some well-
known lifetime distributions on the basis of the measure. Some important properties of the measure have
also been obtained.

Keywords: Shannon's Entropy, Weighted Entropy, Generalized Entropy, Weighted Generalized Interval Entropy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889329859.
E-mail Address: bilal3819md@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

586
Characterization and Estimation of Generalized Inverse
Power Lindley Distribution
Rameesa Jan£, Nafeesa Bashir, Tariq Rashid Jan
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-968

Abstract

In this manuscript, a new three parameter distribution named as exponentiated inverse power Lindley
distribution is proposed. A comprehensive account of the mathematical properties of the proposed
distribution is presented. The estimation of stress-strength reliability parameter has been approached.
The method of maximum likelihood estimation is used to the reliability estimators. Bayes estimators
based on independent gamma priors of the unknown parameters are obtained. A real data example is
discussed to illustrate applicability of the proposed distribution.

Keywords: Exponentiated Inverse Power Lindley Distribution, Stress-Strength Reliability, Statistical Properties,
Maximum Likelihood Estimator, Bayes Estimator.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018146444.
E-mail Address: bhatrumaisa2@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

587
A New Generalization of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution:
Properties and Application
Aliya Syed Malik£, Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1032

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new three parameter Weibull Inverse Rayleigh distribution. The new
distribution is flexible and has interesting properties. Various statistical properties of the new model
including explicit expression for moments, moment generating function, entropy etc. are derived. The
parameter estimation is carried out using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The usefulness of this model
is emphasized using real life data sets.

Keywords: Weibull Inverse Rayleigh Distribution, Reliability Analysis, Hazard Function, Moments, Order Statistics,
Maximum Liklihood Estimation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494059449.
E-mail Address: aaliyasayeed2@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

588
A Modified Class of Dual to Ratio Estimators for Estimating the
Population Variance Using Auxiliary Information
Rafia Jan£, Asra Nazir, Rafia Jan, Tariq Rashid Jan
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1675

Abstract

This manuscript extends the work done by Singh, Pal and Solanki (2014), by suggesting a new estimator
for population variance. A new class of dual to ratio type estimator of population variance by introducing
various parameters is proposed. We have derived some existing estimators, consistent and inconsistent
estimators as certain cases of the proposed class of estimators. The various properties like the bias, mean
square error (MSE), the conditions of minimum mean square error and efficiency have been discussed.

Keywords: Study variable, Auxiliary variable, Mean squared error, Coefficient of Kurtosis, Coefficient of Variation

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051597713
E-mail Address: asranazir44@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

589
A Generalized Class of Exponential Ratio Type Estimator Using
Conventional Parameters
Asra Nazir£, Rafia Jan, Tariq Rashid Jan
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1676

Abstract

This manuscript considers the work given by Singh, Pal and Solanki in 2014. A New exponential model of
the Ratio Type Estimator is suggested by introducing a parameter like kurtosis and Coefficient of variation
and also inclusive description of the numerous mathematical properties of the proposed model is given
in this article. The various properties which embrace Bias, Mean Square Error and the Efficiency have been
discussed in the paper. The main purpose of this paper is to revise the Mean Square Error (MSE) and the
efficiency of the proposed model over its classical estimators already existing in the statistical literature.
The optimality condition are used to estimate the indefinite scalar of the proposed class of estimator. The
Minimum MSE shows that the proposed class is better than the classical estimators.

Keywords: : Mean Square Error, Ratio Type Estimator, Exponential Model, Coefficient of Variation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051597713
E-mail Address: asranazir44@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

590
A Generalized Discrete Model with Applications in Biological
Sciences
Zahoor Ahmad£, Adil Rahsid , T. R. Jan
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1688

Abstract

In this research, we studied a new discrete probability model as a new count data model which is obtained
by compounding GNBD (Generalized Negative Binomial Distribution) with KD (Kumaraswamy
Distribution). The introduced model has several important properties such as it can be nested to different
existing compound probability models on specific parameter combinations. Similarity of the proposed
probability model with existing compound probability model has been shown by means of
reparameterization. Maximum likelihood method of estimation and moments method of estimation has
been employed for parameter estimation purpose. The potentiality of the proposed model has been tested
by modeling the real-life examples from some applied fields.

Keywords: : Mean Square Error, Ratio Type Estimator, Exponential Model, Coefficient of Variation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 MISSING.
E-mail Address: zahoor151@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

591
On Parameter Estimation of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution
Using Bayesian Approximation Techniques
Kawsar Fatima£, Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1689

Abstract

This manuscript deals with the estimation of parameters of IRD using Bayesian approximation techniques
like normal approximation, T-K approximation. In this article, different priors are employed to derive the
Bayes estimates of IRD by employing various approximation techniques. For evaluation of the
performance of different estimates, both real life data sets and simulated data sets has been taken into
consideration.

Keywords: : IRD, Informative, T-K Approximation Techniques, Applications.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469105757.
E-mail Address: kawsarfatima@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

592
A Modified Class of Ratio Type Estimators for Finite
Population Mean in Stratified Random Sampling
S. Maqbool
Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Wadura, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1697

Abstract

This manuscript deals with the estimation of parameters of IRD using Bayesian approximation techniques
like normal approximation, T-K approximation. In this article, different priors are employed to derive the
Bayes estimates of IRD by employing various approximation techniques. For evaluation of the
performance of different estimates, both real life data sets and simulated data sets has been taken into
consideration.

Keywords: Tri-Mean, Mid-Range, Hodges Lehmann, Ratio Estimators, Stratified Sampling, Mean Square Error,
Efficiency.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 . NA
E-mail Address: showkatmaq@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

593
Stress Strength Reliability for Exponentiated Inverse Power
Lindley Distribution
Nafeesa Bashir£, Rameesa Jan, Tariq Rashid Jan
Department of Statistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1539

Abstract

This manuscript considers the stress-strength reliability for exponentiated inverse power Lindley
distribution. A comprehensive account of some of the statistical properties of the proposed distribution
is also presented. An expression for the stress-strength reliability is obtained when both X and Y follow
exponentiated inverse power Lindley distribution. The method of maximum likelihood estimation is used
to the reliability estimators. Bayes estimators based on independent gamma priors of the unknown
parameters are obtained.

Keywords: Exponentiated Inverse Power Lindley Distribution, Stress-Strength Reliability, Statistical Properties,
Maximum Likelihood Estimator, Bayes Estimator.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9055167038
E-mail Address: nafeesabashir8@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

594
Weighted Analogue of Inverse Levy Distribution
Ishfaq Ahmad Shah£1, Anwar Hassan1, Aprajeeta Raina2
1
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Jammu University, India
JKSC-1699

Abstract

Weighted analogue of Inverse Levy distribution has been discussed in this manuscript. Studying the
flexibility and the efficiency of the proposed model over its parent model is its main motive. Numerous
properties of statistical nature have been obtained. Estimation techniques like Maximum Likelihood
Estimation and method of moments have been used for estimation of parameters. For comparison of the
model, real data life has been taken for its consideration.

Keywords: Weighted Analogue of Inverse Levy Distribution, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Moment Method

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622727128
E-mail Address: peerishfaq007@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

595
Computer Science and
Information Technology
598
A Genetic Algorithm for Detection of Overlapped
Communities in Complex Social Networks
Hilal Ahmad Khanday£, Rana Hashmy
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1066

Abstract

Community detection in social networks is an evolutionary problem in nature because communities in a

social network hardly remain static, they are ever changing and therefore the problem of community
detection over the social networks needs an augmented solution. So evolutionary based Genetic
Algorithms are best candidates for discovering the solution to the problem of community detection in
online social networks. A Genetic Algorithm evolves a constant size population of elements (called
chromosomes) by using the genetic operators of Reproduction, Crossover and Mutation. Each
chromosome represents a candidate solution to a given problem and it is associated with a fitness value
that reflects how good it is, with respect to other solutions in the population. Generally, a chromosome is
encoded as a string of bits from a binary alphabet. The Reproduction operator copies the elements of the
current population into the next generation. The Crossover operation generates two new chromosomes
by crossing two elements of the population selected proportionate to the fitness. Eventually, Mutation
alters the bits of the chromosome string. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for discovering
overlapping communities using genetic algorithm approach. Just because communities are overlapping,
we first transform node-graph into line-graph, and hence, focus on link-clustering. Thus, nodes naturally
belong to multiple communities. For further evolution, we use average partition density of all the
individuals in the given population because the fate of evolution is always decided by the whole
population. Any individual that passes the selection test is declared as eligible for further evolution, while
as an individual that fails this test is declared as ineligible for evolution. We use culling technique, which
converges the feasible solutions to the optimal solutions very rapidly. Experiments on both real and
simulated networks validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Keywords: Community Detection, Genetic Algorithms, Social Networks.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697774897.
E-mail Address: hilalhyder@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

599
A Novel Approach to Emotion Recognition in Speech Using
Autoregressive Models with Boosting
Abid Hussain Wani£, Rana Hashmy
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-932

Abstract

Speech recognition is aimed at converting anything expressed as an acoustic signal to an equivalent set of
words representing what is being conveyed. A number of applications require the sensing of affect in the
speech. Although a number of classification techniques have been proposed but most of them do not
model the temporal structure of the training data except the Hidden Markov Model in which time
dependency may be modeled using its states. We argue that temporal structure plays an important role
as far as affect recognition is concerned. We propose a supervised approach to affect recognition in speech
using autoregressive models enabling us to map directly the dependency between features, thereby
improving the classification performance. Further, in this work we applied boosting as a multiple classifier
system to emotion recognition. The results obtained are comparable to the state-of-the-art techniques
available.

Keywords: Motion Recognition, Speech Recognition, Multiclassifier, Boosting.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797078253.
E-mail Address: abid.ku@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

600
A Novel Software Cost Estimation Model based on Sensitive
Optimization of the COCOMO Model Parameters using
Genetic Algorithm
Zahid Hussain Wani1£, S. M. K Quadri2
1
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Computer Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
JKSC-1058

Abstract

Software cost estimation is the prediction of development effort and calendar time required to develop
any software project. A big progressing barrier of all software development organizations is the challenge
of fixing poor estimation of development effort and development time in software development process.
The main reason of this poor estimation process is that the software effort prediction is always done at
the very beginning stage of software development life cycle, more specifically at the time when the
required information about the software project to be developed is not only available in sparse but the
one available appears to be amorphous too. So, every project manager, to land his organization in a better
future, always remains in a continuous struggle of finding accurate estimates. Achieving accurate
estimates of software costs let the project managers to evaluate their project’s progress, get potential cost
control, delivery accuracy and thus, accordingly will get his organization a better insight of resource
utilization and control. Thus, keeping in view the importance of software cost estimation, it continues to
attract the interest of many researchers from numerous fields of study. One of the basic estimation models
available and in use from past four decades is the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO). To estimate costs
and time, this model uses coefficients, which were determined in 1981 by means of the regression analysis
of statistical data based on 63 different types of project data. Using these coefficients for modern projects,
the evaluation is never accurate. So, in this paper, we optimize the model coefficients using genetic
algorithm. Genetic algorithm is an evolutionary method for optimization. To evaluate population, the
genetic algorithm uses a set of descriptive attributes of several software development projects which
include the number of lines of code, costs and implementation time of projects. In our study, we are using
Magnitude of Relative Error (MRE) and Median of Magnitude of Relative Error (MdMRE) as two measures
of performance evaluation in accuracy of software cost estimation to simply weigh the obtained quality of
estimation. After an extensive evaluation of results, it showed that the proposed model yields highly
improved set of results as compared to the ones obtained using COCOMO model.

Keywords: COCOMO Model, Genetic Algorithm, Software Cost Estimation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9149472728.
E-mail Address: zahid_scholar@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

601
A Review of Popular Block-Based Methods for Copy-Move
Forgery Detection
Gulnawaz Gani1£, Fasel Qadir2
1
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2Department of Computer Sciences, North Campus, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-790

Abstract

Digital images can be used as a source of evidence in many forensic applications like administrative, civil,
or criminal investigations. However, the availability of advanced image editing tools like Photoshop makes
it easy to create imperceptible and malicious image manipulations. Hence, verifying the authenticity and
integrity of digital images has become important. One common type of manipulation is copy-move
forgery. In copy-move forgery, a part of an image is copied and pasted within the same image to either
hide an element or emphasize the particular object, thus, tampering the authenticity of images . Passive
digital image forensics is a new research field that attempts to verify the authenticity and integrity of an
image solely based on analyzing the image content. Passive methods are based on the motivation that
tampering an image alters the image statistics and other image properties like texture, entropy, etc. The
goal is to use the correlation introduced by copy-paste operation to detect image tampering. This paper
analyses and evaluates state-of-the-art block-based methods for copy-move forgery detection from a
different perspective. First some key issues like time complexity, JPEG compression, rotation, scaling,
noise and blurring have been identified and then the attempts made by different researchers to address
these issues are presented. Some of the good methods present in the literature were implemented to get
thorough understanding of the problem. Several experiments were performed to evaluate and analyze
previous methods. The focus of our analysis is on evaluating detection performance and accuracy of
previously proposed algorithms and to examine which copy-move forgery method to use under different
image attributes (compression, rotation, scaling and size). Although several papers were found containing
repeated content, the most complete one has been studied and included in the study. The study also
attempts to work out a way for further advancement and development of copy move forgery detection
methods.

Keywords: Digital Image Forensics, Copy-Move Attack, Forgery Detection, Block-Based, Passive Methods.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494017637.
E-mail Address: gulnawazgani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

602
A Study on Conceptual Model for Contact Making Attitude of
Users in Social Networking Sites: A Case study of Facebook
Users
Asifa Ali1£, Samira Khan2, Bilal Ahmad Bhat3, Shabir Ahmad Ganaie4
1,4
Department of Library And Information Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
University of Dammam.
3
Division of Social Science, Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-360

Abstract

In recent years, mobile social networking applications have been developing speedily while many
applications provide location service interface for the user. Every move or activity in social networking
world is not motivated or forced by recreation or entertainment purpose. People using these SNS are very
much concerned about the friends added on by them and the impact they will have on their personal and
professional life. In this paper, we examine the knowledge and attitudes of students towards the use of
social networking sites in Kashmir valley of Jammu and Kashmir state. The present study compromised
of 400 students selected at random from different higher educational institutions of Kashmir valley. A
well designed questionnaire was developed for the collection of the data based on the literature available
on the topic and validated by experts. The results obtained from our study using the factor analysis
confirms that there are certain common factors like peer pressure, ease of use, socializing, need of
cognition, self-esteem, third person factor and PPM framework which drives contact making behavior of
users in SNS. It was concluded that there are mostly six factors that affect the attitude of users positively
or negatively while making a decision of adding a new contact to their profile. Further, the study reveals
that religion, culture and language is not a hindrance between the users. This can be of great use to various
marketers and recruiters who are using SNS as their platform to carry out their operation. It can be also
very helpful in reducing the gap that exists among the societies in a state like Jammu and Kashmir.

Keywords: Attitude, Information Technology, SNS, Internet, Factor Analysis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006407137.
E-mail Address: asifalis100@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

603
A Survey on Molecular Robots Capable of Sensing,
Computation and Actuation
Ovass Shafi Zargar1£, Ab. Qayoom Sofi2, Asif Iqbal Kawoosa3, Rashid Ashraf Malik4,
Syed Ishfaq Manzoor 5
1
Government Amar Singh College, Cluster University, Srinagar, India.
2
Government College for Women, Cluster University, Srinagar, India.
3,4,5
Department of Computer Science, Amar Singh College, Gogji Bagh, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-882

Abstract

Robotics is not a branch of particular field of science; rather it is an interdisciplinary branch that includes
multiple branches of Engineering like Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and
Communication Engineering, and Computer Sciences. Robotics deals with the design, construction,
operation and use of robots as well as computer systems for their control, information collection using
sensors, analysis and processing. A molecular robot can be defined as tiny robots that can be millionth of
a millimeter in size and can be programmed to move and perform various tasks. The Molecular robot is
made up of 150 carbons, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms. These atoms are basic building blocks to
create any molecule. Single Molecular robot is capable of operating on single molecule. Billions of these
molecular robots stacked on top of each other will be of the size of single grain of sand. Molecular robots
could be used in various fields like Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) processes, engineering works,
medical field, etc. The driving force behind the development and construction of molecular robots is that
such tiny machinery will reduce the demand for materials like electrical components, reduce power
requirements, can accelerate and improve drug discovery, and will lead to miniaturization of number of
products. Therefore, the applications of molecular robots are extremely varied and exciting. The molecular
robots can be used for medical purposes, advanced manufacturing processes and even building molecular
factories and assembly lines. This paper will begin with the introduction of molecular robots and will
subsequently discuss various developments that have been achieved in the field of molecular robots. In
this paper, we will also discuss the various applications of molecular robots. The paper will further identify
various objectives to be achieved by molecular robots for successful operation and various challenges
faced in the development of molecular robots.

Keywords: Robotics, Robots, Molecular Robots, Sensing, Computing, Actuation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906760526.
E-mail Address: owaisfour03@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

604
An Automated Diagnosing System for Human Brain Disorders
Tawseef Ayoub Shaikh£, Rashid Ali
Computer Engineering Department, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India.
JKSC-237

Abstract

The past few decades are witness to an exceptional hike in brain related disorders like Alzheimer’s,
Epilepsy, Parkinson’s, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Anxiety, Depression etc. Jammu & Kashmir
(Kashmir mainly) is leading the list with 55.72% Depression, 19% with PTSD, 36% of women and 21% of
men have Anxiety disorder according to the recent research reports. While medical field has left no stone
unturned to fight against this menace, at the same time the brains from Information Technology (IT) have
come up with innovative ideas in the form of machine learning (ML) so as to aid doctors in early diagnosis
of these dreadful diseases. Lack of knowledge about brain related diseases plus lack of adequate hospitals
and staff has made the situation more worse. Since the present healthcare is drifting from cure based to
care based precision medicine, so an automatic computer aided device (CAD) can come to rescue for early
diagnosis and prediction of these deadly diseases with high reliability and accuracy. In 1724, when Daniel
Gabriel Fahrenheit invented thermometer, it was a daydream for a common man until it got shaped into
a standard device and nowadays is part of the family products. Same way automatic analytics of EEG
(electroencephalography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), CT Scan (computed tomography), etc.
Using novel machine learning techniques will ultimately get standardized as a tool for reliable and prior
estimation of the brain related diseases, and will be a common day to day tool like thermometer. We
specified our work on the Parkinson’s dataset and carried on the preprocessing/experimentation in
MATLAB and WEKA and noted down the classification of our used individual classifiers on this dataset.
Then by rigorous combinations and experimentations, we find an optimal combination of the suitable
ensemble algorithms which showed better performance than their individual counter parts on our dataset.
Parkinson’s dataset is taken from Oxford Parkinson's Disease Detection Dataset publicly available at UCI
repository, with 195 instances with 24 attributes. Four different all time data mining techniques available
in literature, Support Vector Machines Regression (SVMreg) from functions, iBK from lazy group, Random
Forests (RF) from trees and Decision Table from Rules group, are evaluated on our dataset and output
individual classification performance and corresponding misclassification error rate (Sum of Square Error
(SSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE)) of each algorithm is noted down. Finally, after rigorous combinations
of different algorithms, an optimal mix up ensemble of algorithms is found whose performance of
classification overtakes that of the individual counterparts on Parkinson’s dataset by reducing the
corresponding error rate. Finally, the integrated approach (ensemble methods) of many input algorithms
showed better classification accuracy than the individual algorithms on our dataset. Different dataset may
have different optimal combinations of the assembling for better results, as it is primarily dependent on
dataset. Optimal ensemble of one dataset may not be an optimal ensemble for other dataset.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Automatic Diagnosing, Brain Disorders, SVM, Random Forests..

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8791562744.
E-mail Address: tawseef37@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

605
An Efficient Test Case Selection Approach for Regression
Testing
Fayaz Ahmad Khan£, Anil Kumar Gupta, Dibya Jyoti Bora
Department of Computer Science, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P, India.
JKSC-499

Abstract

Poor quality software is not acceptable in the society as it can cause loss of life or property and even can
result in catastrophic losses. To produce good quality software, software testing plays an important role
and it constitutes a major part of the software development life cycle. But software testing is considered
an expensive activity as it needs lot of time and resources to perform it and it becomes even more
expensive when the software is regression tested after it is modified. Regression testing is an important
as well as an expensive procedure performed on modified software product with an aim to provide
assurance that modified code behaves correctly and those modifications have not adversely affected the
existing behavior or functionality of the code. Retest all is a simplest regression testing strategy in which
all the test cases in the initial test suite are rerun to validate the changes. But rerunning all the test cases
from an existing test suite in order to test the modified code may be expensive as it requires an
unacceptable amount of time and resources to perform it. An important problem in regression testing is
how to select a subset of test cases from an existing test suite in order to retest the modified code.
Therefore, in this study we propose an interesting test suite management technique for regression testing
the code that has been modified within resource and time constraints by selecting a minimum number of
test cases from an initially random and large test suite.

Keywords: Software Engineering, Software Testing, Regression Testing, Regression Test Case Selection, Data Clustering,
K-Means.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006948287.
E-mail Address: kfayaz1012@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

606
AI as a Shield for Gender Manipulation over Internet
Mir Aman Sheheryar Sheheryar£
Department of Information Technology , Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-799

Abstract

World is online in today’s time, everyone among us is connected to other via internet. Internet provides
enormous facilities in the form of application programs mainly social media. However, as the adoption of
computer-mediated communication increases, our social reliance on these technologies has made gender
easily camouflage online. And yet, the phenomenon of gender deception has not been fully investigated.
Gender is an important attribute of identity that is rarely questioned in our physical encounters. We are
usually not confused about a person's gender; generally, it is male or female. This paper presents the inside
view to tackle gender manipulation while being connected to web by Crafting superior mechanism that
means better protection of combating against odds which is done by probing the loopholes in system.
Herein, the proposed system is capable to bring down gender Masquerade by combining existing
technology with Artificial intelligence (AI).

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Masquerade, Camouflage.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906669334.
E-mail Address: aman.sheheryar11@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

607
An Exploratory Study Based on Web Accessibility of
Educational Institutes and Government Administrative
Department (GAD) Websites of Jammu and Kashmir
Abid Ismail£, K. S Kuppusamy
School of Engineering and Technology, Department of Computer Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.
JKSC-244

Abstract

Internet connects the world and brings people closer with the help of Web Technology. It is web, which
plays a vital role in almost every aspect of Information Technology in terms of information retrieval and
also, provides full democracy of its accessing the resources. But, at the same, there are lots of obstacles
called mismatches between a person and their environment. As per Accessibility News in January 2018,
Accessibility is a correction of this mismatch. Accessibility, a concept arises, to maintain equality for all.
This will be achieved by following the principles of accessibility called POUR; Perceivable, Operable,
Understandable and Robust. These principles come under web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG
2.0), proposed by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Bringing the equality for all in terms of Web, we
explore the web accessibility status of Higher Educational Institutes and Government Administrative
Department websites of Jammu and Kashmir in this study and later provide their comparative study too.
For Higher Educational Institutes, we considered 44 affiliated college websites of University of Kashmir,
and 33 Government Administrative Department (GAD) websites for web accessibility evaluation processes
by using web accessibility analysis tools like Achecker, WAVE, TAW, aXe tools, etc. Based on accessibility
analysis results, the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of accessibility status of Higher
Educational Institutes are 23, 2937, 419.61, and 564.45 violations, respectively. Similarly, the mean and
standard deviation of Government Administrative Department websites in terms of Known, Likely and
Potential Problems are 177.24, 11.76, 611.91 and 288.02, 42.59, 549.67, respectively. In both the categories of
websites, it is found that there are a lot of issues or problems with respect to accessibility. The prominent
among them are colour contrasts, alternative texts, links, id attributes, font sizes, missing of basic
accessibility component features, etc. The awareness about web accessibility to developers and designers
of websites is the need of hour. While developing and designing websites, it is also suggested that we
should focus on achieving accessibility principles and guidelines of WCAG. Moreover, we should focus on
the minimization of warnings so that web accessibility will be enhanced. Thus, there is an utter need for
improving web accessibility among the said websites so that equality for all will be maintained and sites
will be accessible in terms of information retrieval.

Keywords: : Web Accessibility, WCAG, W3C, Accessibility Analysis Tools, Educational Institute Websites, GAD
Websites, Evaluation Process.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9487064830.
E-mail Address: abidpu2015@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

608
Analysis of Cellular Automata-Based Image Scrambling
Techniques
Zubair Jeelani£, Fasel Qadir
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-401

Abstract

Digital Image Scrambling (DIS) means creating confusion in image elements to make the information
look random by reordering and changing the position of image pixels. Cellular Automata (CA) appear as
natural tools for image processing due to their spatial topology, local interaction of cells and simple
parallel computational implementation. In recent years, many Cellular Automata-Based Image
Scrambling algorithms have been proposed to protect digital images. The aim of this paper is to review
several image scrambling algorithms based on Elementary Cellular Automata (ECA) and Two-
Dimensional Cellular Automata (2D-CA). Simulations of these DIS algorithms in Matlab software are used
to obtain the scrambling degree. The effect of different boundary conditions and CA-generations on
scrambling degree is also evaluated. We further analyze the computational effort required by these
algorithms. Experimental results reveal ECA-Based DIS algorithm results in better scrambling degree
compared to 2D-CA Based DIS algorithms under study.

Keywords: Image Scrambling, Cellular Automata, Scrambling Degree, Image Encryption.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906894293.
E-mail Address: zubairj347@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

609
Applications of Machine Learning in Intelligent Systems
Ab Qayoom Sofi1£, Ovass Shafi Zargar2, Shabir Ahmad Najar3, Qurat-ul-Ain4, Hashair
Nabi5
1,3,4,5
Department of Computer Applications, Govt College For Women, M.A Road, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Computer Applications, Amar Singh College, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1201

Abstract

The system that responds to the stimulus and change as per the change in the environment is called
Intelligent System. Such system keeps on taking input from the environment and keeps on learning and
adapting according to the context of its environment. There is an increasing need to develop intelligent
systems that automate real world problems and behave intelligently as per the interactions made with the
environment. However, real world systems are highly complex and keep on continuously changing
according to the changes in the environment. An Intelligent System is required to work in an environment
which is highly unreliable and is full of uncertainties with complex objects and challenging tasks besides
being able to actively collaborate and communicate with a human being, who himself is most complex.
Hence, an Intelligent System is required to deal correctly with objects physically besides performing
logical/linguistic tasks in the real world. The intelligent system must also be able to interact actively with
humans and other objects in the environment. Such systems must be smart enough to
handle/respond/react to the slightest possible movements/changes in their environment so that they can
adapt themselves and function correctly as per the change/feedback/demand. The main idea behind this
research paper is based on the principle or belief that the intelligent systems/robots must have the ability
to learn continuously from the feedback/examples from their environment/context to update, upgrade
and act automatically by making smart decisions to solve problems. This paper aims to discuss machine
learning and how it can be applied to the learning and development of intelligent systems besides
identifying various issues and challenges. Further, the paper will discuss benefits and limitations of
machine learning and its applications in intelligent systems/robotics.

Keywords: : Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Systems, Robots, Machine Learning.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006149983.
E-mail Address: abqayoom@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

610
Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Creating a New Door for
Preventive Medicine
Syed Ubaid Qurashi£
GDC Sopore , University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-852

Abstract

The health of mankind is deteriorating at an exponential rate because of many reasons. Of all those
reasons, some are controllable with a moderate difficulty level while others are at high difficulty for
mankind at this point of time. Nevertheless, we as humans have created a new technology that will help
us to overcome myriad challenges and that is Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is creating a
new niche in Preventive Medicine with the help of Big Data. A system empowered with a huge volume of
medical data can be processed by Artificial Intelligence in such a way that we can find clues and hints to
prevent a disease, for example., in Kashmir, roughly about 3000 patients are diagnosed with cancer every
year. Now, cancer as everybody knows, is a terminal illness. Doctors or researchers don't know the right
causes of this problem in Kashmir. Whether the causes are genetic, environmental, food habits, or other,
nobody knows the right reason because they lack the data, infrastructure and human capital to process
that data. Here, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data comes into play. When we have the full medical data
of all those existing cancer patients, we will use Artificial Intelligence to deduce a trend that will show us
how things have folded up in a particular pattern that has caused cancer. This technique can be used for
the diagnosis of any disease and can also be used to predict the future of health status of a patient.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Big data can also prevent of diseases like swine flu, Zika virus or any
biochemical virus by understanding the trend in the data given to system processed by Artificial
Intelligence. For the success of this process, we need Big Data and that can only be achieved by digitizing
healthcare from prescriptions to diagnostic tests. With the availability of this medical Big Data, we can
deduce a more accurate trend to prevent diseases.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Preventive Medicine, Digitization, Virus, Cancer.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596424087.
E-mail Address: s.ubaid.q@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

611
Automatic Corpora for Supervised Learning
Zahid Maqbool£
J&K Higher Education Department, India.
JKSC1523

Abstract

The objective of this research is to develop a strategy to efficiently automate the annotation process for
creating emotional corpora of tweets for emotion detection and analysis using supervised learning. The
automatic annotation process faces several challenges that need to be addressed, and thus, there is a need
to develop a technique that will lead to a better and scalable annotation process. Emotion analysis is
emerging as a hot topic in research because the business organization and political systems are analyzing
the emotions of people and their patterns for taking key decisions and reviewing their policies and thus,
we need an effective, scalable and robust emoticon detection and analyzing system. The main part of any
supervised emoticon detection system is the annotation process, and often annotations are subjective and
biased. Thus, with this as the starting point, we have devised an enhanced bootstrapping algorithm for
automatic annotation of tweets in our emotional corpora. Evaluating our proposed algorithm confirms
that our enhanced bootstrapping algorithm can be used as an alternative for creating emotional corpora
of tweets which can be used for supervised machine learning algorithms for emotion detecting systems.

Keywords: Bootstrapping, Sentiment Analysis, Machine Learning.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006579916.
E-mail Address: zahidcomp@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

612
Big Data Repository Structure
Farwah Fatima£, Veena Tripathi
Information Technology, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1148

Abstract

The term big data has been originated to refer to the colossal bulk of data that is more than just some
trending business phrase that is big on style and low on substance. It is a next big thinking in computing
and generates value from very large datasets and cannot be analyzed by traditional techniques. It is
coming from two broad categories that is human generated and machine generated. We use the term big
data to refer to the data that is either in gigabytes, terabytes, Exabytes or anything that is bigger in size. It
is the collection of large and complex datasets in the form of structured, unstructured and semi structured.
It is not the amount of data that is essential but it is what organizations do with the data that matter. This
paper cast light on the storage techniques involved in big data. The largest big data practitioners such as
Google, Face book, Apple run on hyper-scale computing environment. Hyper-scale computing refers to
the facilities and provisioning that is required in distributed computing environments to increase the
scalability from a few servers to thousands of servers. In this paper we will illuminate light on a typical big
data storage formats such as direct attached storage (DAS) pools; these are digital storages which are
directly attached to the computer or server, network attached storage (NAS) as clustered NAS; these are
concurrent multi-node access which is accomplished by implementing clustered file system, object based
storage (OBS); a computer data storage architecture that manages data as objects, every object exist at the
same level in a flat address based called the storage wall and one object cannot be placed in another object
and we will discuss the properties of perfect big data storage architecture.

Keywords: Big Data, Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Clustered Network Attached Storage( NAS), Object Based
Storage(OBS).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713092565.
E-mail Address: farwah.34it14@mietjammu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

613
Biometric Cryptosystems in Cloud Ecosystem
Mahreen Saeem£
AMU, Aligarh, India.

JKSC-1315

Abstract

Over the past few years, because of its unprecedented advantages, Cloud Computing has been recognized
as one of the most influential information technologies. Allowing the users on-demand accession of data
and services irrespective of their geographical locations, and a means for ubiquitous computing without
the need of owning massive hardware and software infrastructures, Cloud computing services have
replaced the traditional models; however, complete relying on the third party cloud service provider for
data storage and services raises significant underlying privacy and security challenges. To secure sensitive
data many searchable encryption schemes have been proposed, which is a positive way to store user’s
sensitive data over the cloud while preserving the search ability. In a shared data model like cloud,
different cryptographic keys associated with each particular user introduces an overhead of storing and
appropriate sharing of the secret keys which in essence are keys to the traditional digital data security
mechanisms be it cryptography or authentication. The primary overhead with these digital security
mechanisms includes memorizing, sharing, and storing the user's credentials without compromising the
privacy. The idea is to introduce a biometric-based key generation mechanism to secure users' digitized
sensitive documents. The approach involves, extraction of biometric features captured from the
consumer’s fingerprint by a biometric sensor. Since the biometric fingerprints are unique for every user,
the captured features are then utilized to generate a unique code. Now for the cryptographic process, this
unique code is used to generate a secret key for encryption and decryption of the user's sensitive
document. This process saves the cloud service provider from the tedious task of storing secret keys
corresponding to every data user. By implementing such schemes to store medical records, confidential
files, banking transactions, etc., this undoubtedly could prove to be a boon for the state and its people.

Keywords: Cloud, Encryption, Biometric, Security.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9410634093.
E-mail Address: mehkhan27@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

614
Blockchain Technology: Applications and Issues
Tawseef Ahmed Teli£
Department of Computer Science, Amar Singh College, Cluster University, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1166

Abstract

Crypto-currencies have been successful in hauling the heed from both the industry and the academia.
Bitcoin signifies a myriad of concepts mainly confined to online transactions. It acts as a platform for
many online businesses and commerce. Bitcoin has seen many variations in its price, but since its
inception, it was reported by The Bank of England that its price rose by 5,000 % in two years. The
technology behind such profound success of Bitcoin is Blockchain. Blockchain is essentially a distributed
ledger which keeps track of every transaction ever committed (distributive). It encompasses many
significant technologies such as hashing, asymmetric cryptography based digital signature and distributed
consensus mechanism. This new digital technology enables trustless and secure transactions around the
globe with no boundary restrictions through many key characteristics such as distributed service,
anonymity, auditability and persistency. The transactions in the Blockchain are updated in real-time and
nearly impossible to tamper. An analysis of the economic properties of Blockchain enabled crypto-
currency facilitates with the insight that Blockchain’s true value lies in its ability to provide a more efficient
environment for digital-asset transfers. The applications of Blockchain are not limited to crypto-
currencies but there are many technical issues which need to be resolved in order to widen its applications.
The issues of scalability and privacy are of grave concern. The smaller block size in Bitcoin limits the high
frequency trading and acts as a bottleneck. The larger block size requires more storage and slower
propagation. This has led to the issues of size and security as well. This work presents some of unforeseen
applications of Blockchain technology and some of the important issues pertaining to Blockchain
technology and the possible solutions.

Keywords: Crypto-Currency, Blockchain, Anonymity, Cryptograpgy, Hashing, Assymmetric.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006447562.
E-mail Address: mtawseef805@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

615
Bootstrapping for Supervised Learning
Mudasir Mohd£, Rana Hashmy
Department of Computer Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1516

Abstract

Opinion analysis of Twitter data is emerging as a hot topic in research since business organizations and
political systems are analyzing the opinion of people and their patterns for taking vital decisions and for
reviewing their policies and hence, we have a need of an efficient, scalable and robust opinion detection
and analyzing system. The central part of any supervised opinion detection and analysis system is the
annotation process, and often manual annotations are subjective and biased. The objective of this research
is to develop a strategy to efficiently automate the annotation process for creating corpora of tweets that
can be used by supervised learning algorithms, as the manually created corpus is onerous and burdensome
to develop; thus, there is a need of automatic annotation process. The automatic annotation process faces
several challenges and is addressed in this paper for having a better and scalable annotation process. Thus,
with this as the starting point, we have devised an enhanced bootstrapping algorithm for automatic
annotation of twitter corpus. We have used LSA and Word2Vec algorithms to augment our novel
classification algorithm. We have achieved 70% accuracy which is higher than the baseline accuracy.
Evaluating our proposed algorithm confirm that our proposed enhanced bootstrapping algorithm can be
used as an alternative for creating manually annotated corpora of tweets that can be used by supervised
machine learning algorithms for opinion and emotion-detecting systems. Thus, our proposed algorithm
can be used as an alternative for creating annotated corpora for supervised learning.

Keywords: Bootstrapping, Sentiment Analysis, Machine Learning.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469808417.
E-mail Address: mudie.mohammad@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

616
Centralized Routing in Comparison with Legacy Distributed
Routing
Suhail Ahmad£, Ajaz Hussain Mir
NIT, Srinagar, India. JKSC-199

Abstract

Legacy distributed control planes running routing protocols such as IS-IS, OSPF and BGP have been
developed very comprehensive and have grown as a rigid complex system to adapt to the dynamic
behavior of fast growing Internet. Consequently, it has become very difficult and hard to configure and
manage traditional networks. Further, the traditional networks are vertically integrated wherein the
control logic that decides how to manage traffic (control plane) and the forwarding devices (data plane)
that forwards traffic according to decisions made by control plane are bundled together in the networking
device, creating inflexibility and hindering network innovation and evolution of networking
infrastructure. The emergence of Software Defined Networking (SDN) is seen as a hope for solving these
long pending networking issues. SDN promises to ease design, operation, monitoring and management
of communication networks by separating the networks control plane from the underlying data plane
(forwarding devices), promoting logical centralization of network control logic and introducing the ability
of network programmability. SDN enables to create new networking abstractions, facilitating network
evolution and simplifying network management. However, SDN comes with its own set of challenges in
terms of robustness and scalability. In this paper, we explore the issues of traditional networking that
motivated researchers to come up with a radical approach of networking-SDN. The attributes, interfaces,
applications and research challenges of SDN are introduced and the benefits of hybrid approaches of SDN
are presented.

Keywords: Distributed Routing, SDN, SDN features, SDN Interfaces, SDN Applications, OpenFlow.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906794329.
E-mail Address: suhail.sam008@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

617
Design of Aadhaar Linked Cryptocurrency
Shafiya Afzal Sheikh£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-957

Abstract

In recent years, cryptocurrency has gained a lot of attention throughout the world including India.
Cryptocurrency is a type of digital money powered by highly advanced and proven cryptographic
techniques. Various cryptographic techniques help to generate, regulate, exchange and verify transactions
directly between the exchanging parties without the need of a trusted third party. The transactions are
stored in a public ledger called blockchain. The first and one of the most popular Cryptocurrencies is
Bitcoin. After the success of bitcoin, a number of other useful cryptocurrencies have been developed and
are used around the world. The concept of cryptocurrencies being new is openly praised as well as
criticized by financial experts and Governments are trying to find ways to monitor and regulate their use.
India is looking forward to becoming a cashless economy in the near future and working actively towards
the goal. In this work, we propose to convert fiat currency like INR into cryptocurrency so that it can be
used in online trade without restrictions and need for a bank. This will play a major role in making India
a cashless economy. The newly developed cryptocurrency will be backed by the fiat currency itself or gold
indirectly. It proposes to link the wallets of users to their Unique Identification Numbers which is Aadhaar
in India. This technique will allow tracking the movement of cryptocurrency between citizens and also
prevent the money from moving outside the country because it will always be sent only to wallets linked
with Aadhaar numbers. The proposed solution requires all citizens to deposit their cash and bank balances
to the Government which will be returned to the citizens in the equivalent cryptocurrency. The proposed
solution has been implemented and tested in Java.

Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Digital Money, Cashless, Blockchain, Bitcoin.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469177449.
E-mail Address: sheikh.shafiya@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

618
Electronic Health Record Adoption in Hospitals: A Perspective
Analysis in India
Musavir Hassan£, Muheet Ahmed Butt
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-403

Abstract

Health care system in India is in the midst of an enormous change in the way health care providers and
hospitals document, monitor and share information about health care delivery. When health information
is stored electronically, patients are provided with a number of benefits. This digital storage enables
doctors to quickly search across a patient’s medical history, finding potential allergies, conflicting drugs,
and prior procedures that may impact care. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) promising to provide an
ideal form of longitudinal patient health record, offer remarkable and enhanced opportunities for health
care delivery. The objective of this study is to report the results of a systematic literature review on EHR
adoption in hospitals of India based on analysis of the strategies of other countries and national scenarios
of ICT use in India. The review highlights that hospitals which have adopted EHR systems, major barriers
tend to have been around financial and staff matters. Recent years have witnessed EHR use enhanced
patient care overall, however, more work should be done to adopt these regulations and to deploy secure
EHR systems. Interoperability, privacy, and security remain big challenges in the path of EHR adoption.

Keywords: Electronic Health Record, Electronic Medical Record, Privacy Preserving Data Mining, Medical Council of
India.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797752632.
E-mail Address: musavirhassan.1319@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

619
End-to-End Security in Fog-Cloud Communication
Neelam Saleem Khan£, Mohammad Ahsan Chishti
Department of Computer Science Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-733

Abstract

Fog computing has developed as a promising innovation that can bring cloud applications closer to the
physical Internet of Things (IoT) devices at the network edge. Since IoT devices typically operate in
resource constrained (computing, memory, storage) environments at the network edge, data transfer
performance of the cloud as well as end-to-end security must be strong and adjustable. Fog devices
(located at the edge of the Internet) obviously face many security and privacy threats. Various loopholes
related to privacy and security have been found by researchers in Fog applications like web security issues,
Internal/external communication issues, data security related issues, wireless security issues, Malware
protection, Virtualization issues and so forth. The blockchain is one of the most propitious technologies
of the future. The blockchain protocol was initially developed to ensure security in the P2P transfer of bit
coins, but its starting performance has opened doors for implementation in relatively less secure areas.
The blockchain technology is headed reexamining the way we work and live. It eliminates the use of
centralized devices in IoT, cyber security and networking. In this paper, blockchain technology based
algorithm to secure communication between Cloud and Fog and between fog nodes has been formulated.
Formation of a group by allowing authenticated nodes to enter, secures the communication from various
malicious activities like tampering with messages or sending false signals.

Keywords: Fog, Cloud, BlockChain, Communication, Security, IoT.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596313672.
E-mail Address: neelam_02phd17@nitsri.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

620
Font Issues in Kashmiri Language and their Resolution using
Unicode Standard 10.0
Aadil Ahmad Lawaye£
Department of Computer Sciences, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1466

Abstract

Kashmiri Language has been a part of the 8th schedule of the constitution right from the beginning. Apart
from being extensively used in Kashmir, it is spoken by scattered migrant populations in India and abroad.
Kashmiri is a new entrant in the realm of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Efforts in this direction are
only now taking place. The first and the foremost building block for the larger Kashmiri NLP framework
is the development of a font for Kashmiri. The modified Persio-Arabic script is recognized as the official
script of Kashmiri though other alternative scripts like the modified Devanagari and Roman scripts are
also used. This paper attempts to look at the problems regarding the development of a modified Persio-
Arabic font for Kashmiri and their resolution by using Unicode Standard 10.0.

Keywords: Font, Unicode, NLP.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006979323.
E-mail Address: aadillawaye@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

621
Forensic and Anti-Forensic Analysis of B-Tree File System
Mohamad Ahtisham Wani£
Department of Computer Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-369

Abstract

B-Tree file system (BTRFS) is the most advanced Linux file system conceived till date. The file system is
designed to work on devices as small as smart-phones and as large as enterprise servers. Therefore, BTRFS
is set to become the next major Linux file system by defying platform boundaries and conventional design
constraints, making its forensic implications quite clear. At the same time, today's golden age of forensics
also witnesses the advent of anti-forensic attacks which aim at distorting evidence, thwarting the digital
forensic process, and preventing accurate reconstruction of possible attack scenarios by exploiting
vulnerabilities of forensic techniques and file system design. Therefore, identification of such anti-forensic
tools and techniques in context to BTRFS is equally important, and is imperative for successful and
credible forensic investigation. This paper attempts to summarize both forensic and anti-forensic analysis
of BTRFS.

Keywords: Computer Forensics, Forensic Analysis, Digital Investigation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018129506.
E-mail Address: ahtishamwani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

622
Generic Inventory System Management with BAAS
Shoiab Fayaz£
Department of Computer Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1345

Abstract

Generic Inventory Management System is a web-based application stored on a web server accessible from
different clients with the help of web browser over Internet/Intranet. This system is used for automating
general inventory and store. The software is generic in the way a user can create his customized products,
metrics, supplier stocks, etc., so that to cope up with the customized inventory management needs of a
small to medium business. The Billing and invoicing system is used to overcome manual register hassles,
and making complete atomization of manual billing and invoicing system plus some add-on features like
a user can manage and operate this software on an android smart phone, he can use all the features of the
software on a smart device with the help of this web application and thus, can keep the track of his stocks
and inventory accurately. He can also use a barcode reader with this system to read and bill different
products. The generic inventory system with android interface system consists of: Customer, Products,
Billing Generation: Automate the current manual bill generation system and maintain the searchable
customer, products database and product invoice, maintain the data security, user rights. Report
Generation- A Report Generation system will be developed for the user and management of e-Billing and
Invoicing System. This MIS system will have both details and summary type reports for analysis the sales
volume, sales trend, available stock. Android interface- an interface that provides all the features of the
software on a smart phone with the ability to synchronize with a PC (database). e-tendering support for
the procurement of supplies.

Keywords: Invoicing System, MIS, e-billing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018405876.
E-mail Address: Shoiorg@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

623
Hadoop Clusters in Cloud Computing
Sehvish Riyaz£, Veena Tripathi
Information Technology, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, India.

JKSC-1132

Abstract

Cloud Computing is a loom archetype, which has become today’s hottest research area. In today’s era, it
is most gripping and enticing technology, which offers services to the users. Cloud itself is available as a
service paradigm, which means that everything is valuable on Internet. It is pay-per-use and a metered
service. It is the abstraction of implementation and the underlying infrastructure to users. This abstraction
also leads to another concept of shared resources. Cloud computing is a prototype which accesses any
type of data from anywhere to many computing services. It is always available and scales up or down
automatically to adjust to the demands, is either advertising based, has web or programmatic-based
control interfaces and enables full customer self-services. Cloud is swiftly growing in industries such as
agriculture, banking, aviation and electronics. Cloud computing has the potential to radically change the
nature of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provision in the public service and
significantly reduce the costs. Hadoop is a different technique in comparison to cloud computing as it is
used in big data but can work inside a cloud environment as well. The main aim of this paper is to discuss
the Hadoop in cloud. Hadoop is an open source java programming based framework. The main challenges
while implementing the Hadoop are up-front hardware cost, capacity planning Hadoop expertise. But the
ascent of Hadoop in the cloud contain many advantages such as there is no up-front hardware cost, all-
encompassing, payment according to needs and deployed in minutes. We will also incorporate the
features of Hadoop cluster that can be used in cloud while using the cloud with Hadoop. Our focus in this
paper is on the models, types of cloud, why does running of Hadoop in the cloud make much more sense
today? What options are to run Hadoop in the cloud, Hadoop clusters in the cloud, clusters customization
and architecture of a cloud deployment.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Hadoop, Clusters.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8492011737.
E-mail Address: sehvish.32it14@mietjammu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

624
How Technology Generates Stress on its Users: A Case Study of
Techno-Stress among Library Professionals
Asifa Ali£, Irfan Ul Haq Akhoon, Tajamul Hassan, Sumaira Jabeen, Shabir Ahmad
Ganaie
Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-522

Abstract

Technostress is defined as a modern disease of adaptation caused by an inability to cope up with the new
computer technologies in a healthy manner. It manifests itself in two distinct but related ways: in the
struggle to accept computer technology, and in the more specialized form of over identification with
computer technology. This paper discusses the technostress and its causes, symptoms and coping
strategies among library professionals. The descriptive method was employed by using the questionnaire
to collect the data from library professionals in universities and colleges in Kashmir. The main findings of
the study revealed that pressure to stay updated, quick pace of technological change, inadequate training,
increased workload and slow network are the main reasons of technostress. However, the main symptoms
of the technostress are backache, headache, eye strain, pain in hands and joints and fatigue. In order to
reduce the technostress level in workplace, they agreed to the various coping strategies and plans. Among
the strategies are regular break intervals, good office furniture, meditation and good environment should
be employed to maintain the computer in order to provide comfort to library professionals.

Keywords: Computer, Technostress, Symptoms. Causes, Coping Strategies.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006407137.
E-mail Address: asifalis100@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

625
Impact of Modern Internet in Diminishing the Line Between
Web Apps and Desktop Applications - A Review
Shahnawaz Qadir£, Mehboob Ali
Department of IT Kargil Campus, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1423

Abstract

The fast and furious changing trends in Information & Communication Technology (ICT) point to a future
with diminishing boundaries between web and desktop applications. The line has already faded to a large
extent. HTML5, the core technology mark-up language and several other related initiatives are believed
to bridge the gap further. This paper will focus on various aspects of the diminishing gap between the web
and desktop applications besides the shift from desktop web to the mobile Internet which in itself is a
consequence of this larger shift. The aim is to have an insight into the evolutionary shift in Internet and
web technology, which has totally changed in its functionality as well as structurally since the time of its
inception. Microsoft Windows 10 being a cross platform operating system and designed as a mobility of
experience across an increasing number of devices, makes the line further thinner. With the evolution of
web, comes another set of applications: the cloud applications. The cloud apps, however, entirely depend
on web apps to access online services through Internet. A full-fledged and complete “WebTop”
application, which integrates web services, web applications, application servers, client-server
applications and applications on the local client into a desktop environment using the desktop metaphor,
is still in making. However, a number of “bridge the gap” initiatives are being actively used across the
board.

Keywords: Internet, Web Apps, Cloud Apps, HTML5.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298503100.
E-mail Address: shahnawaz_qadir@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

626
Integrated Healthcare Management Information System
Hufsa Manzoor Bhat£
Department of Information Technology and Support System, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-831

Abstract

The hassles associated with the process of seeking appointments with specialists in government and
private healthcare institutions in Kashmir poses a number of challenges to all stakeholders including
doctors, patients, staff and the society as a whole. This underscores a strong need for an Information
Communication Technology (ICT) based intervention to provide a seamless experience for the said
stakeholders. The present study aims to build an integrated healthcare management information system
to address some of the identified problems in the status quo. The study shall implement the configurable
business logic of each government and private clinic on issues such as missed appointments and
cancellations. This study about appointment booking system shall allow patients to access and view any
available doctor’s schedule in order to book an appointment at times specified by the doctor and maintain
all the records associated with the patient. The application shall be robust, cheap and able to run on
different platforms. This system is going to be simple and user friendly so any user can use this system
easily. The system shall provide a platform to facilitate the management of a patient’s appointments and
medical history. Deploying analytical capabilities across healthcare system supports timely, data-driven,
decision making for the improvement of both health and financial outcomes. In context of government
and private healthcare institutions in Kashmir, traditional appointment seeking methods require one to
call-in clinic (hospital) or personally go to that place, that is, to walk-in and book the appointment. This
consumes the precious time of the patient and patient’s information is maintained in the form of manual
records. In this process, there are chances of losing data and retrieving old records is not possible. In order
to address some of the challenges presented by the government and private healthcare appointment
systems in Kashmir, this study aims to present a set of Information Communication Technology (ICT)
enabled solutions to the problem and to acquire first-hand experience in applying software engineering
principles and steps in solving a real life problem and come up with a system that meets its requirements
and specification in a professional manner. The study about integrated health care management system
lies at the intersection of providing efficiency and timely access to healthcare services.

Keywords: Healthcare, ICT, Appointment.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622771454.
E-mail Address: hufsamanzoorbhat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

627
Internet of Things and Big Data as Two Faces of the Same Coin
Syed Rameem Zahra£, Mohammad Ahsan Chishti
Department of Computer Science Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-227

Abstract

Internet of Things (IOT) is an idea that will eventually lead to the creation of a smart world. IOT is striving
to make our environment an intelligent one that has smart cities, smart energy, smart industries, smart
healthcare, smart homes and smart offices etc., by deploying a plethora of sensors everywhere. It is a
concept that allows things/objects to talk to each other, work in co-ordination with other things to create
novel applications and attain common targets. The major characteristics of IOT are inter-connectivity,
things related services, heterogeneity, dynamism in the environment and enormous scale. These concepts
more/less allow the progress of Internet of Things to “Internet of Everything”, because almost everything
can be connected to the Internet at anyplace and from anywhere. As IOT penetrates more and more into
the various aspects of human life, the number of devices that require communication and management
increase substantially. As such, the ratio of human generated communication to device generated
communication will shift more towards the device initiated communication and such amount of data
that will be generated will be enormous. This data is called Big Data. Big Data is simply small data that is
bigger, but having data that is bigger consequently needs special approaches, tools, techniques and
architectures in order to solve the new problems and old problems in a better manner. This study aims to
serve as a manual for understanding various tools, techniques, storage mechanisms, architectures and
visualization techniques that could be useful to study the Big Data and Internet of Things together as two
faces of the same coin.

Keywords : Internet of Things, Big Data, Smart World, Inter-connectivity, Internet of Everything.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006777245.
E-mail Address: rameemzahra@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

628
Machine Intelligence Technologies and Advancements
Ab. Waheed Lone£
Department of Information Technology, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1303

Abstract

Human intelligence replication by inhuman things or objects created new dimensions of research. With
artificial innovation now happening at breakneck pace, machines are not only learning but thinking for
themselves. Artificial intelligence refers to intelligence of a machine. With machine learning as a subfield
of artificial intelligence, it involves training, with presence of large amounts of data fed into algorithms
gives machines the ability to learn how to perform intelligently and effectively. Deep learning makes the
machines to mimic the human brain functionality effectively by using various deep learning algorithms.
With neural networks and deep learning closely related, deep learning is usually called stacked neural
networks. Swarm intelligence takes into consideration local interaction and focuses on the collective
behavior. This paper presents the various technologies and advancements in machine intelligence that
includes Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, Neural networks, Artificial neural networks, deep
learning, swarm intelligence.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Classification, Deep-nets, Object Recognition, Neural Networks.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622410971.
E-mail Address: waheedlone9@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

629
Machine Learning in the Internet of Things (IoT) -
Standardizing IoT for Better Learning.
Rashid Ashraf Malik£, Asif Iqbal Kawoosa, Ovass Shafi Zargar
Department of Computer Science, Amar Singh College, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-585

Abstract

The prodigious scale of the machine driven environment has necessitated that machines shall not rely
predominantly on the humans to take decisions. The pervasive computing has reduced machine to the
size of a 30mm diameter like Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is making
these extremely small devices to connect and communicate with each other. Millions of such devices are
implanted every day in everything, thus, making it difficult for the humans to configure, deploy and
refactor each device individually. Machine Learning is one area that enables these devices to learn, and
take decisions without being explicitly programmed each time. One of the biggest challenges in machine
learning, particularly amongst the miniature computing environment is the interoperability issues of
these devices. IoT is throwing up millions of such devices in the computing environment at a very fast
scale, thus, sometimes compromising the standards in terms of protocols, software stack, communication,
bandwidth, data processing. Therefore, inhibiting the patterns to build up, and proving to be detrimental
in taking decision for the machine learning. The aim of this paper is to put forward a mechanism that will
help to do away with the interoperability issues and standardize the communication, especially at the
software level. A standard is envisaged in this paper, that all the devices located in a particular cluster of
the IoT or any connected machine environment shall have to comply with. The futuristic plan is also to
develop a python module that can be run by the communication manager to check the device
compatibility viz-a-viz the communication environment. This module will also be able to leverage the
power of TensorFlow- an open source machine learning framework and help the users to do specific tasks
in TensorFlow, which is otherwise massive workflow if it is done directly via TensorFlow. The Python
module will give an option to call TensorFlow API discretely, and will also provide NoSQL type backup
facility for data analysis.

Keywords: IoT, Machine Learning, Pervasive Computing, TensorFlow, API.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906708030.
E-mail Address: ramalik@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

630
Non-Existent Software Engineering Profession in India
Juneed Iqbal£, Bilal Maqbool Beigh
Womens College, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-263

Abstract

Software engineering is evolving as an independent, mature and professional discipline. In India software
engineering is embedded in computer science and majority of institutions are offering it as computer
engineering. India needs to upgrade both educational and professional infrastructures to make software
engineering a profession. This paper explores the characterization and the notion of professionalism and
thereby, the profession of software engineering; emphasis with Indian perspective of Ford and Gibbs’
model of profession; preliminary professional knowledge, policy of accreditation, development of skills,
licensing and certification, software engineering code of ethics, professional development and
professional society. We study celebrated trends, existing status, and the prospective viewpoints
concluding into visualization of the trail forward.

Keywords: Software Engineering Profession, Curriculum, Software Engineering Professional Education, Professional
Competence.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780909460.
E-mail Address: juny@live.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

631
Robust Elliptic Curve Cryptography Based Communication
for Smart phones
Muneer Ahmad Dar£, Syed Nisar Hussain Bukhari
National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1143

Abstract

Being the lightweight cryptographic technique, the elliptic curve cryptography is considered as a suitable
cryptography for resource constraint devices like the small handheld devices called the smart phones. As
the computational capabilities of these devices is much less, the elliptic curve cryptography is considered
as a much better technique to secure the critical data of these devices. As these devices are always
connected with Internet for mobile communications like facebook, whatsApp etc., ensuring the security
of these devices on a wireless communication channel is an ongoing challenge. A number of protocols
have been proposed and implemented to secure the insecure wireless communication channel and check
the authenticity of the user and integrity of messages communicated between the mobile devices. In this
paper, we implement a robust and secure elliptic curve cryptography based authentication to secure the
communication between two communicating devices. Our research will demonstrate the implementation
and analysis of elliptic curve cryptography on world’s leading smart phone operating system- Android.
Being the open source mobile operating system, we will explore the cryptographic libraries and enhance
those libraries to implement the elliptic curve cryptography. The objective of this paper is to secure our
mobile user from the threats which includes snooping, alteration, replaying and interruption of message
transmission.

Keywords: Cryptography, PKC, Security, Diffie-Hellman, Cramer-Shoup.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906547699.
E-mail Address: muneer@nielit.gov.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

632
Robust Techniques for Improving the Effectiveness of
Recommender Systems
Mohammed Wasid£, Rashid Ali
Department of Computer Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-347

Abstract

Web 2.0 provides facilities for users to communicate and share pieces of information on the web.
Therefore, it can be seen as a paradigm shift from local and solitary to global and collaborative, implying
a plethora of information sources. Due to the unprecedented proliferation of information online, it has
become a great challenge to find what we want that best meets our preferences. Recommender system
(RS) has emerged as a Web 2.0 personalization tool that assists on-line users to tame information overload
by allowing the discovery of useful information in place of search popularized by prior Web technologies.
During the last decade, a lot of research has been carried out in the field of RS to design new algorithms
for improving the recommendation effectiveness. The development of RS was motivated by the fact that
most users naturally tend to solve the choice overload problem by relying on others recommendations.
Recommender systems have become extremely common in recent years, and are applied in a variety of
domains. Such as MovieLens (for movie recommendation), Amazon (for product recommendation),
Last.fm (for music recommendation), Facebook, Twitter, Flipkart and much more. Collaborative Filtering
(CF), the widely used technique in the area of RS, provides useful recommendations to users based on
their similar users. However, CF has been investigated and improved extensively over the past years, there
is still room for substantial improvement. Further, it has been seen that the user demographic data, items
description, contextual and multi-criteria rating factors greatly influence the utility of recommendations
for users but it is difficult to represent and model these factors directly into classical recommendation
engines. Our work is an effort toward developing various recommendation strategies based on CF by
utilizing these background factors using the soft computing techniques. The main contributions of our
work are twofold. First, we build user models using user demographic data, items description, contextual
or multi-criteria rating factors. Second, we extend our systems by employing evolutionary approaches to
learn user weights on various hybrid fuzzy features for enhancing the accuracy of CF. Effectiveness of our
proposed recommendation strategies is demonstrated through experimental results in terms of various
performance measures using the MovieLens, Yahoo! Movies, and LDOS-CoMoDa real world datasets.

Keywords: Recommender Systems, Collaborative Filtering, Context-Awareness, Evolutionary Approaches, Fuzzy-Sets,

Multi-Criteria Recommender.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8955574555.
E-mail Address: wasid@lnmiit.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

633
Role of Cyber Extension in Agricultural Development
Nazir Ahmad Sofi£, Mudasir Manzoor Kirmani
SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-384

Abstract

Information availability has become the necessity in different walks of life since inception till maturity.
Information Technology has become an integral part of the processes that an individual or an enterprise
undertake. Agriculture being the most important factor for the development of a nation in general and
society in particular. Information Technology (IT) is assuming ever-increasing importance in agricultural
development. As an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) initiative, Cyber agricultural
extension mechanism play an important role in disseminating agricultural technology to the farmer’s level
to satisfy their zest for information. Information Technology (IT) may strengthen our extension system
manifold by use of various IT tools in technology dissemination and empowering farmers with the desired
information. Their use with right perspective will transform information services to the farmers to be
timely, logistic and effective. The research study gives an insight into various dimensions of web based
agricultural extension needed for farmers and possible application of Internet based agricultural extension
tools in realizing these needs and drawbacks of cyber extension mechanism.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Cyber Extension, Agricultural Development.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469663170.
E-mail Address: sufeenazir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

634
Role of ECG in Myocardial Infarction: A Review Report
Syed Sajad Hussain1£, V Rathikarani2, Dhanalakshmi3
1,2
Deptartmetn of Computer and Information Science Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Departmetn. of Computer Science and Engineering Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.
JKSC-204

Abstract

This paper aimed to highlight the role of ECG in Myocardial Infarction. Myocardial Infarction is an illness
caused by sudden blockage in arteriacoronaria by blood coagulation due to muscle death. Myocardial
Infarction (Heart Attack) illness is recognized as one of the most dangerous disease in the world. If
precision is not taken on time, then myocardial structure and function of the left ventricle (LV) continue
to damage further. In the event that MI is not controlled convenient, at that point myocardial structure
and elements of the left ventricle (LV) proceed to be harmed further. For the diagnosis of MI, the ECG is
utilized because of its low operating cost and non-intrusive nature. In this paper researchers have
reviewed the work done by various researchers in foreign as well as in India context in the field of
myocardial infarction.

Keywords: Electrocardiogram, Myocardial Infarction, Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006068567.
E-mail Address: syedsaajad017@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

635
Role of E-Learning in Jammu and Kashmir
Akash Ahmad Bhat£, Manooj Kumar
Shri Venkateshwara University Gajraula, UP, India.
JKSC-1450

Abstract

The life of knowledge and human skills today is shorter than ever, escalating the pressure to remain up to
date with one’s education and training throughout a career. In this modern age of globalization and
technological revolution, a four-year degree is just the start of a forty-year continuing education. Life-long
learning is quickly becoming an imperative in today’s world. E-Learning is a kind of technology supported
education/learning (TSL) where the medium of instruction or teaching is computer technology or
information technology. Although e-learning has potential in Jammu and Kashmir, adoption has been
slow and will need a major presentation and awareness effort. In Jammu and Kashmir,
globalization has generated a good vibration and life for education. Electronic learning or E-Learning
technologies have great potential to spread learning, however, the benefits of these technologies have to
reach the far flung areas of Jammu and Kashmir, otherwise, they will be one of the causes of the Digital
Divide. This paper focuses on the Jammu and Kashmir education scenario, E-Learning content
preparation and presentation tools, application of E-Learning to spread education to the remote areas,
pros and cons of E-Learning and future of E-Learning in Jammu and Kashmir. A few suggestions have
been made to use E-learning for informal and vocational training, which is highly effective for the
education sector of Jammu and Kashmir where a majority of population is living in rural/ remote areas
and has received almost negligible formal education.

Keywords: E-learning, ICT, Web Technology, Web Training, Distance Education, Digital Divide, Online Course,
Communication Technology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596023463.
E-mail Address: akashmajeedbhat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

636
Scalable Cloud an Automation in Computer Informatics: An
Overview
Ab Rashid Dar1£, D. Ravindran2, Nazakat Idrees Khan3
1,2
Department of Computer Science, St.Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli_620002, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Jamkash Vehicleades Pvt. Ltd. Kashmir, India.
JKSC-243

Abstract

From the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century to the present age of Modern Technology, things
are changing at a rapid pace and making a greater impact on every aspect of life. The latest trends that are
evolving nowadays is the Computer technology like Internet of things, data mining, big data, cloud
computing, fog and edge computing. The advancements in the technologies lead to the third Industrial
Revolution in the twentieth century. The trends and technological advancements with such a fast
acceleration and development in IoT, Cloud Computing, and Big Data Analytics are proving to be the
important tools that are bringing a lot of changes in modern industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0.
This brings forth a collective change in many sectors like as in Education, Manufacturing, Factories,
Automotive Industry, E-Commerce and Banking sector providing these an automated maintenance and
surveillance, bringing in the improvements and efficiency up to the utmost level. Cloud computing
technology is a critical enabler and with the involvement of Virtualization, the backbone of Cloud is next
step towards bringing in the Revolution in the modern era, From education sector, space to the business
world, Cloud is becoming a key component for everything because it provides the tight integration of
computing everything services like infrastructure, platform and software as services.

Keywords: Industrial Revolution, Computer Technology, Virtualization, IoT, Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Resource
Provisioning.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006043321.
E-mail Address: phd_cs_aamirrashid894@mail.sjctni.edu.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

637
Security of SCADA Run Power System Networks: A Review
Asif Iqbal Kawoosa£, Rashid Ashraf Malik, Ovass Shafi Zargar, Syed Ishfaq Manzoor
Department of Computer Applications, Amar Singh College, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1244

Abstract

The Automation of Power Network and its Data Acquisition system plays a pivotal role for controlling,
monitoring and metering the values accurately and manipulate more easily for full-scale power system
automation and controlling. As a novel technology, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
is used to process, gather and monitor data and at the same time transmits the instructions to controlling
points. A SCADA system collects data from instruments and sensors located at remote sites and transmits
data to a central site on one or more SCADA host computers for either monitoring or controlling purpose.
Based on the information received from the remote stations, automated or operator-driven supervisory
commands are pushed to remote station control devices for operating. The use of SCADA in power system
has successfully automated the system and improvements are far more efficient compared to normal
systems. The benefits of SCADA include improved quality of service, improved reliability ,reduced
operating costs, maintenance /expansion of customer base, ability to defer capacity addition projects high
value service providers, improved information for engineering decision, value added services. Flexible
billing option, improved customer information access, reduced system implementation costs, reduced
manpower requirements, etc. During recent times, many concerns have raised for security of these SCADA
run power systems, as number of cyber-attacks have kept these power systems in outage phase and do
unusual things in its working. Researchers are inventing methods for protecting these systems and their
control from security threats. We in this paper discuss important security measures to reduce these cyber-
attacks so that system remains operational in the face of such cyber-attacks. A SCADA protection remains
important aspect for smooth functioning of the system keeping in view the previous cyber-attacks.

Keywords: Automation, Data Acquisition, SCADA, Remote Sites, Sensors, Safety, Cyber Attacks.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697019495.
E-mail Address: asifkawoosa19@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

638
Serverless Computing: An Evolution from Servers to
Functions
Manasha Saqib£
Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-956

Abstract

Cloud Computing has empowered organizations to concentrate more on their core services and less on
their IT framework. In today’s world, a wide range of organizations are utilizing cloud services without
worrying about any hidden infrastructure related issues. This new intake version has emerged to
Serverless Computing. In standard cloud computing, dynamically allotted pay-per-use resources replace
the dedicated hardware, for example virtual servers. These resources are typically called “pay-per-use”• as
these are billed based on allocation rather than on actual use, possibly prompting a client to pay more
than necessary. In Serverless Computing, resources are generally not chargeable or allocated until a
function is called. Besides platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), Serverless
Computing or Function-as-a-Service is the next level of abstraction with large capability to change the
way numerous organizations devour cloud services. Serverless Computing enables designers to
concentrate just on composing code without managing the servers basically make the procedure
“serverless”• to the client. In Serverless technology, the unit of scale is the function and abstracts the
language run time. The potential advantages of Serverless computing- easier operational management,
faster innovation, increased development and testing complexity, reduced maintenance and
infrastructure costs, increased scalability and higher performance- will seemingly outweigh the risks for
several organizations.

Keywords: Serverless Computing, Infrastructure-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, Function-as-a-Service, Cloud

Computing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697265593.
E-mail Address: manashasaqib@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

639
Studies of Software Reliability Growth Models Considering
Software Fault Detection and Correction Process
Iqra Saraf£, Javaid Iqbal
Department of Computer Sciences, Main Campus, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-879

Abstract

Software reliability can be described as the probability/likeliness that software will operate successfully in
the interval from 0 to t. It is a mathematical expression which expresses that there exists a direct
proportionality between software development and time amongst failures and correctness for particular
software. Since the demand of complex systems is growing day by day, size and complexity of computers
has also enhanced in a very remarkable manner. Many Software reliability growth models have been
proposed to predict software reliability. Software reliability growth models (SRGM), which are software
expressions, can be used an indication of number of failures as they act as a measure to predict failure
behavior of software in future from certain or presumed features of software. Software reliability is
dependent on fault detection and correction process. Much work has been done on discovering the
software reliability models so that work on reliability estimation can be carried out. These models aid us
in detecting faults and correcting the same. Detection and Correction models can be derived in
perspective of imperfect debugging, effort, testing time, change point, debugging lag, fault dependency
and much more. Here, we study about software fault detection and correction process in view of
debugging time lag which can be considered implicitly or explicitly. It is often presumed that there is no
lag between these two processes and faults are immediately corrected upon detection. As such, detection
and correction is taken as a one stage process by many researchers which is not realistic. An implicit time
lag always exists between these two operations and as a result, detection and correction become two
separate processes/distributions. For example, Yamada delayed S-shaped model, model by Kapur et al.
(2011) covers the implicit debugging lag. This lag can also be considered explicitly. Much research work
on fault detection and correction can be done combining these models based on implicit or explicit time
lag with other factors like effort, testing time, perfect or imperfect debugging and so on. The work can
further be extended beyond single release.

Keywords: Software, Reliability, Growth Models, Fault Detection and Correction, Debugging Time Lag.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419019507.
E-mail Address: iqra.saraf@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

640
Study and Analysis of Latest Trends in Cyber Attacks
Syed Nisar Bukahri£, Muneer Ahmad Dar
NIELIT, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1190

Abstract

Advances in the area of technologies sandwiched with a changing business environment, means that
applications are becoming a means of information dissemination, workflow management nowadays in
almost all sectors like corporate, public and government. Knowing that applications can provide
convenience and efficiency, there are also a number of new security threats, which could potentially pose
significant risks to an organization’s information if not handled properly. In order to handle these security
issues related to these new application services, it is essential to understand the vulnerabilities commonly
found in applications. This paper discusses latest critical malware attack and how it can be addressed at
an early stage. The focus will be on latest malware attack i.e., ransomware attack. Ransomware attacks
continue to dominate the cybersecurity landscape, with businesses large and small paying millions of
dollars to unlock encrypted files. WannaCry an attack of ransomware, which currently shows no signs of
slowing down, marked a turning point in cyber warfare- one that demands a different response from
conventional malware threats.

Keywords: Security, Attacks, Risks, Ransomware, WannaCry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697881024.
E-mail Address: nisar@nielit.gov.in

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

641
Study of NHPP Software Reliability Growth Models from the
Perspectives of Debugging
Shozab Khurshid Wani£, Javaid Iqbal
Department of Computer Sciences, Main Campus, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-888

Abstract

In today’s life, the dependability on software products is increasing day by day and with that the pressure
on firms to produce reliable softwares within a short span of time also increases. Software Reliability
growth models are used to estimate the reliability of the software during testing and to predict the failure
behaviour of the software in its operational phase. A lot of study has been made on Software Reliability
Growth Models that are based on Non-Homogenous Poisson Process and the research in developing
different SRGMs is still going on. NHPP based SRGMs mostly vary because of the varying assumptions on
which they are built. These assumptions usually consider software testing and debugging done in different
ways. Debugging can be either perfect or imperfect. The assumption of perfect debugging is that a fault
that causes a failure in a software system can be removed immediately without causing the introduction
of any of the new faults, whereas the imperfect debugging models contradicts the above assumption.
Further imperfect debugging models have been classified into two types. One is based on the imperfect
skills of the testing team and other is based on the generation of errors. In this paper various imperfect
debugging models of both the types have been studied. In addition to this, estimation techniques,
goodness of fit criteria and ranking of various Software Reliability Growth Models is also discussed in our
study.

Keywords: Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs), Non Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP), Mean Value
Function (MVF), Imperfect Debugging, Parameter Estimation, Goodness of Fit, Ranking.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006173299.
E-mail Address: shozabkhurshid@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

642
Towards Building Smart Public Transportation System Using
Bluetooth LE Advertising
Mukhtar Sofi£, M. Nandhini
Pondicherry University, India.
JKSC-451

Abstract

There has been a growing interest, over the past few years in the Internet of Things (IoT), cutting across
various industries, ranging from public transport to academia, etc. Transportation companies have a long
history of using computing systems to improve safety, efficiency and the customer experience; however,
an increasing number of out dated devices are working against these objectives. IOT Technologies can
help improve the customer experience in public transportation like buses, cabs, etc., by delivering the
services passengers now expect in an increasingly connected world. The latest release of Bluetooth 4.2,
also called Bluetooth Smart, carries features like Bluetooth advertising that makes Bluetooth LE a
competitive candidate among the available low-power communication technologies in the IoT space. The
objective of this paper is towards building a smart public transport system based on Bluetooth LE (BLE)
Advertising. The system continuously provides travel information like arrival/departure time of bus, seats
vacant, current location, etc. Moreover, the System enables automatic ticketing which is more convenient
than the traditional paper based ticketing or Electronic ticketing as it saves sufficient time and we do not
need to have cash or Credit/Debit cards in hand to travel. The System automatically detects our source
and destination and deducts the amount from the prepaid E-wallet. Although the system can be developed
using various other connection technologies but we are introducing Bluetooth LE (BLE) Advertising.

Keywords: IOT, Bluetooth, Advertising, Ticketing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9042779706.
E-mail Address: sofimukhtar1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

643
The Chinese Artificial Intelligence Phenomenon: A Study
Abdul Mueed Hafiz£, Ghulam Mohiuddin Bhat
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Zakura Campus, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-188

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a key role in harboring and promoting the enormous potential of the
computing resources encompassing- the artificial, viz. hardware and software, as well as the human, viz.
the research community and the human workforce available. A shift of power centers for the AI
community from the United States to China, is evident with the decision of Google Inc., the technology
giant, to start an AI center in Beijing, China. The center's preparation begun in January 2018. A variety of
Google's research groups, like that of Tensor Flow - computation with the help of knowledge-flowing
graphs or vectors, for the purpose of machine learning, will be taking part in starting of a new center. This
comes at the heels of Chinese government’s landmark announcement earlier in 2017 that it has plans to
build a 1 trillion-yuan ($147.9 billion) AI centered industry by 2030, which is going to touch almost 10
trillion yuan in businesses which are related to AI. China is aiming to become a global leader in the
Research and Development of AI, coupled with AI's application to healthcare, manufacturing and financial
market areas. AI is gathering momentum as a driving force in both the present and in the future. Though
there are concerns about its effects like loss of global employment, its user and developer communities
march hand in hand into the all-encompassing future.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Recent Trends, Report.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797138844.
E-mail Address: mueedhafiz@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

644
Watson Health - The Future of Healthcare
Abdul Wahid£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1039

Abstract

Every aspect of life is touched by the technology and healthcare does not lag behind. As with the change
in lifestyle, humans are affected by various types of ailments where cancer tops the list. The various
biomedical devices for diagnosis and treatment were already part of the healthcare industry but dearth of
machines in the field of oncology was quite prominent. The ray of hope came in April 2015 in the form of
IBM Watson Platform for Health- the supercomputer. The technology behind the Watson is a collective
effort of both Cognitive computing and Cloud computing. The Artificial Intelligence data analytics is the
actual strength behind the Watson. The Watson analyzes the meaning and context of structured and
unstructured data which comes from various inputs including the handwritten documents as well.
Watson Health helps clinicians, researchers, and health service customers to focus on transforming the
healthcare and life sciences industry by helping to solve its most expensive and complex problems. It
collects rich health data from across a large and diverse range of populations on a cloud-based platform
that facilitates big data integration and analysis. The Watson for Oncology is a decision support tool
specifically meant for oncologists and is designed in partnership with the New York based Memorial
Sloan-Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center. While using Watson for diagnostics, a physician describes
symptoms and other contributing factors to the program, then mines the patient history and its own
databases, and creates the hypothesis on the basis of test results and medical data. The Watson tests the
hypothesis on the basis of treatment related data, hospital records, published material and research. Once
satisfied with the validity of hypothesis, Watson can then give a customized treatment plan for the patient
which is often better or at par with the physician’s recommendation. The aim of the study in this paper
is to make Watson’s medical work even more effective, by focusing on three areas: data control,
governance, and quality. The study will analyze all the data it gets, the decisions, and the effect these
decisions have on the person’s health. Such approach may take the medical sphere to the next level where
data will be life-saving.

Keywords: Watson, Oncology, Diagnostics, Hypothesis, Physician, Data Analytics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419405409.
E-mail Address: abdul_wahid@zoho.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

645
Web Attack: A Critical Threat to the Information Society
Mohd Umar John Dar1£, Junaid Latief Shah2, Gazi Imtiyaz3
1
Shri Venketeshwara University, UP, India.
2,3
S.P College, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1296

Abstract

Web applications/services are considered among the major emerging technologies for the successful
interaction between distributed and heterogeneous applications. These web applications interact usually
with the back-end database for the retrieval of persistent data and dynamically present the data to the
users through webpages. The dependence on web applications is rapidly increasing and it have expanded
their usability worldwide and gaining the popularity day by day. However, these web applications suffer
from many critical issues regarding their security and privacy. Web attack is one of the major threat to
the web applications. These web attacks are diverse in nature and they have increased both magnitude as
well as the complexity of level of risk. The web attacks include Cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection,
Phishing, Buffer overflow, Inclusion Vulnerabilities (LFI and RFI), Daniel of Service (DoS), etc. The
researchers have found that more than 80% of these attacks are the contribution from XSS (30%), SQL
(29.1%) and Phishing (21%) and rest is others. As per the surveys conducted by the various researchers, it
has been found that about 90 -95% of the respondents/web users have suffered from web attacking
incidents. These attacks are increasing day by day and is an alarming sign of being trapped by attackers
using these web attacks, therefore, focus should be given to eradicate menace of web attack.

Keywords: XSS, Web Attacks, Privacy, Vulnerability, SQL Injection, Phishing, DoS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469371933.
E-mail Address: mohdumarjohn@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

646
On the Security of a Public Key Cryptographic Scheme
Umar Badr Shafeeque£, Izharuddin
Department of Computer Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-349

Abstract

From the time of its advent, public key cryptography (PKC) has played a vital role in securing the
communication over insecure channels. PKC is widely applied in the fields of secure key exchange, digital
signature, email encryption, SSL, etc. The right definition of the security of an encryption scheme depends
on the context in which the scheme is going to be used. Encryption methods/schemes can be proved to
be secure on the presumed assumptions of the mathematical problem, for example, factorization of two
large prime numbers, the hardness of computation of discrete logarithm or hardness of Diffie-Hellman
decision problem. We present here the different notions of security in conjunction with the Public key
Encryption schemes widely used in proving the security of Public key encryption schemes. We have
proposed a variation of Cramer-Shoup Public key Encryption scheme, which is provably secure and
practical at the same time. Here we also discuss the security proof of the proposed scheme which depends
on the hardness of decision Diffie-Hellman problem and security of universal one way hash functions.
Security of an encryption is often estimated against chosen ciphertext attack, such that given a ciphertext,
an adversary should not be able to derive any information about the original message [GM84]. Then we
have a scenario where the adversary has access to the decryption oracle and the given target ciphertext,
we have to make sure adversary should not obtain partial information about the original message. Some
assumptions are also taken into consideration for the security of a PKC scheme such as Discrete Logarithm
assumption that says, given gx, it is hard to compute x in a group G of large prime order q, generated by
an element g. We also have Computational Diffie-Hellman assumption that says given gx and gy for
random x,y ∈ Zq , it is hard to compute gxy. And Decision Diffie Hellman assumption saying, for random
x,y,z ∈ Zq , it is hard to distinguish between the triples of the form (gx,gy,gz) and (gx,gy,gxy). In our
proposed scheme, we use the standard DDH assumption and the universal one-way hash function.

Keywords: Cryptography, PKC, Security, Diffie-Hellman, Cramer-Shoup.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9450643300.
E-mail Address: shafeeque.umar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

647
An Analysis of Various Access Control Models in Cloud
Computing
Saima Mehraj£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1679

Abstract

Cloud computing is a new emerging paradigm in IT industry now-a-days which is based on pay-as-you-
go model, enabling cloud users to remotely access and store sensitive data on cloud resources using
Internet. It is indeed, a shared environment which holds some characteristics and features such as, on
demand provisioning of resources, rapid elasticity, resource pooling, etc. Moreover, the sensitive data
stored on cloud resources are shared among various entities which demands sound isolation and access
controlling mechanisms. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to comprehensively analyze various
access control models available in cloud computing. However, access control system is a collection of
methods and techniques that can be leveraged to control access to resources in a computing environment.
In addition, access control turns out to be one of the fundamental security requirements in cloud
computing paradigm, since it is concerned with avoiding unauthorized access to cloud resources. This
paper, however, presents a detailed exploration of distinct access control models such as, Role-based
access control (RBAC), Mandatory access control (MAC), Discretionary access control (DAC), etc. In fact,
access control models use access control technologies and security mechanisms to implement the rules of
the model. This paper is also aimed to identify important gaps which are not fulfilled by conventional
access control models.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Rapid Elasticity, RBAC, MAC, DAC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419090377.
E-mail Address: saima_mehraj2003@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

648
Information Overload: Challenges and Approach for
Mitigation
Mohammad Qasim
Department of Computer Applications, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1702

Abstract

When the information is too much to cope up with or adjust with, we called it information overload. It
may affect one and all that go through it. When a person is flooded with the information beyond his/her
capacity of assimilating it, simply one is over loaded with information that leads to overburdening of the
mind. The person might be unaware that he/ she is overloaded with information until the symptoms of
weariness begin to come along. In the past few years the technology part has developed so fast to be
beyond one’s imagination and pace. Every fraction of a second there is an innovation and by the growing
usage and ability to use modern techniques by every Tom, Dick and Harry it has created information glut.
Undoubtedly this flood of information will bring down the decision making potential. It has already
caused loss of trillions of Dollars in the developed countries which has direct impact on the development
of third world countries. It is observed that a human being can do its best with the information he receives
up to a certain limit and can perform well if he is able to gather, understand and absorb the information
he is provided with but once he is gigantically drowned with the information which is beyond his
perceptual experience and acculturation the things will definitely take the untoward turn instead of
gaining we lose. One certainly needs to overcome this problem of excessive information which leads to
information overload. Different enterprises have invested in bulk to find ways and means of combating
the menace of information overload. The technical solutions like BIS or semantic technology are widely
experimented upon. These technical approaches may reduce the density of information overload problem.

Keywords: Information Overload, Decision Making, Exponential Growth, Semantic Technologies .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906426345
E-mail Address: `mqasimonline@yahoo.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

649
e-learning as a Tool for Higher Education and Challenges
Rehana Rasool£1, Muhammad Muzamil Kumar2
1
Department of Education, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Psychology, University of Kashmnir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1095

Abstract

This study aims to provide a discussion of the e-learning and its challenges for the student as well as for
the teachers. As the years go by, ways of learning are modified and adapted to suit the trends and the
requirements of the era. Due to the rapid growth of Internet technology, e-learning has become an
increasingly popular approach to learning in higher education institutions. Most of the higher education
institutions use e-learning to improve the learning of students as well as to enhance teaching skills of
educators. Internet is a perfect tool of learning that offers flexibility and feasibility to learners at the same
time offering endless opportunities for innovative teaching. Technological development has changed
people’s lives on different dimensions including teaching and learning. The Internet is one of the channels
that open the door for students around the world to access education that too on low costs. e-learning is
adopted by organizations to offer training for their employees. It requires a different approach to pedagogy
especially in areas of individual or group interaction and online assessment. However, these skills are not
unknown to all, as borders become less meaningful, global competition strengthens. International
expansion has led to larger and more complex corporations. Due to the introduction of different new
techniques, online learning has become easier and interesting. The present paper will explore the
challenges which are faced in the higher education. Development of new technologies and software tools
are providing practical learning experience, which is helping in manufacturing a real true learning society
based on technology. Academics are only good as much as they can adapt to the new technology, which
is a challenge for most academics. The current challenge for academics in an e-learning is to understand
the learning styles, motivation, etc., of different students for better learning outcomes.

Keywords: e- learning, Higher Education, Challenges.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9697219205.
E-mail address: rrehana970@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

650
Smart Classroom: A Changing Face of Education in Present
Society
Hafsah Jan£
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1127

Abstract

In today’s competitive world, quality education has been a fundamental requirement. Technology has
influenced each and every aspect of our lives. The dramatic change in teaching-learning has been due to
the advancement in digital technology as well as by the swift growth of media. The present pedagogy is
the digital classroom. The meaningful and the innovative use of technology is renovating the methods
and approaches of teaching as well as learning in institutions. These transformations include the advent
of multimedia teaching-learning tools, online courses, hybrid classes (traditional and digital content used)
and so on. In Indian educational setting to deliver quality education, the smart class has evolved as a
renovate method of teaching. It aids students to form better concept and its elaboration; improving their
reading skills and also academic achievements. Smart classrooms are the technology-enriched classrooms
that provide opportunities for teaching-learning by incorporating learning technology like computers,
assistive listening devices, audience response technology, networking, audiovisual capabilities. These are
visually appealing methods of teaching which engages both the audio, visual sense and have proved to be
more attractive to students. These methods of teaching assist students to come out of their shells and be
good speakers. In 2004, EDUCOM first launched a smart class. Now in India, across 560 districts more
than 12,000 schools have implemented the smart class. The Jammu and Kashmir have been among the
first states in the country to come up with smart classrooms in more than 220 schools. The traditional
black-board has created ways for digital apparatus. It has not only made learning process more colorful
but interesting too. This system to some extent has ended the notes taking as well as lecturing approach
to teaching. Nowadays, it occurs more through screens; be it TV, PC, pictures and so on. Students quickly
learn new technologies and if these are used in education, it improves the concept formation. The present
paper will throw a light on all the pros and cons of the smart classroom's technology in Jammu and
Kashmir. Here, it will be discussed why it was introduced and what factors the state is lacking for its better
implementation.

Keywords: Smart Classroom, Quality Education, Jammu and Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9596560545.
E-mail Address: hafsahjan@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

651
Electronic Science and
Technology
654
A Compact Multiband Microstrip Antenna
Saptarsika Das1£, Partha Pratim Sarkar2
1
Department of Electronics, Rishi Bankim Chandra College ,Naihati, India.
2
Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, University of Kalyani, India.
JKSC-1273

Abstract

A mini-scale polygon merged semicircular patch microstrip antenna is proposed in this paper focusing on
the demand to reduce the size of the antenna. The antenna is primarily designed at resonance frequency
of 8.81 GHz and up to 72.08% compactness is achieved by loading rectangular slits, slot and H-shape slit
in the patch. The antenna structure consists of a semicircular merged small polygon patch etched on a
dielectric substrate of thickness 1.6 mm and permittivity 4.4. The antenna is excited by co-axial feeding
and the feed position is optimized for good impedance matching. Introduction of slots and slits in the
patch reduce the resonant frequency, in lieu increases the resonant wavelength of the antenna without
altering the patch’s dimension. The antenna is designed and its simulated reflection characteristics, gain
and radiation pattern are presented using ANSOFT designer version 2.2 software. In addition to the
achieved size reduction, a satisfactory bandwidth enhancement and multiband operation are recorded,
making the antenna suitable for c-band and x-band application. The proposed antenna can operate in
multiband of 4.62 GHz to 4.86 GHz and 9.52 GHz to 10.66 GHz efficiently. The major intention beyond
the compactness in antenna is to meet the demand of integral electronics in hand held communication
devices and systems.

Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Compact, Multiband.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9051128883.
E-mail Address: saptarsika@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

655
A Study on Dependence of Radiation Parameters of a
Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Variable
Distance of Probe from its Center with Air-Gap Introduced
Between CDRA & Ground Plane
Durjoy Roy£, Manotosh Biswas
Dept. of Electronic Science, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, East Kantalpara, Naihati, West Bengal, India.
JKSC-1136

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a simulation study about the effect of an air gap and probe penetration
on the radiation parameters like input impedance, resonant frequency, gain and bandwidth of a
Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) as a function of probe position concerning the center
of CDRA have been presented. From a previous study on the effect of air-gap variation on the CDRA
radiation parameters, a certain thickness of air gap has been chosen for impedance matching. The CDRA
resides on a conducting ground plane made of copper of considerably larger size concerning that of the
CDRA, with a deliberately created air gap between the CDRA & the Ground plane, and is excited with
microwave signal by a coaxial probe through the bottom of the ground plane. The large ground plane
simulated an infinite radiation box. Simulations using HFSS performed for different length (penetration)
of the coaxial probes into the CDRA material. From the simulations, it has been found that the CDRA
radiation parameters vary widely with the position of the probe (distance from the centre of CDRA) and
penetration of the probe into the CDRA. A set of values are determined from the simulations to conform
to the standard values of impedance matching and other antenna parameters.

Keywords: CDRA, Air-Gap, Probe Penetration, Probe Distance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9038751575.
E-mail Address: roy.durjoy@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

656
A Novel 1-Bit Comparator in Quantum Dot Cellular
Automata
S. Umira R. Qadri1£, Z. A. Bangi2, M. Tariq Banday3, M. Rafiq Beigh4
1,2,3,
Department of Electronics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Govt. Degree College, Sumbal, India.
JKSC-751

Abstract

Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) attempts to create computation at nano scale by controlling the
position of electrons in QCA cell. The basic logic of Quantum Dot Cellular Automata is that it represents
binary state by polarization of electrons in the QCA Cell instead of voltage levels for logic representation.
This technology has a large potential to provide space density and ultra-low power dissipation that enables
building of Quantum circuits with faster speed, smaller size and high performance for integration and
computation. Proficient solutions have recently been proposed for several arithmetic circuits, such as
adders, multipliers, comparators, etc. This paper proposes a new design approach of 1-bit binary
comparator using one of the universal gates already available in the same technology. The proposed work
uses novel implementation strategies, methodologies and new formulations of basic logic equations to
make the comparison function applied to the novel comparator efficient. The functionality of Universal
Gate based 1-bit comparator has been verified using QCA Designer tool. A detailed comparison with the
previously reported designs confirms the reliable performance of the proposed design.

Keywords: Comparator, QCA, Universal Gate.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596434477.
E-mail Address: umirariyaz@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

657
A Highly Sensitive Encryption Technique for High Security
Watermarking Applications
Nasir N. Hurrah£, Nazir A. Loan, Jahangir A. Akhoon, Shabir A. Parah, Javaid A.
Sheikh
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-473

Abstract

Due to the rapid growth of Internet technologies and digital media, duplicating, transmitting and
manipulating digital images, audio and video files have become very popular. Therefore, the need for
ownership verification, copyright protection, and image authentication techniques has emerged rapidly
from past few years. For example, in e-health care applications integrity of the received information is of
prime importance for ensuring the accurate diagnosis. The integrity of electronic medical record (EMR)
is possible only when the medical images and other relevant data received are tamper free The technique
of watermarking is one of the most widely used solutions. In this technique, additional information,
referred to as watermark, is embedded into the digital content, in a way that it is difficult to remove, and
can be extracted at a later stage to make some affirmation about the digital content. The security of the
watermark is an important factor in both the copyright protection and authentication applications. In
order to increase the security of watermark, which is the secret information to be hidden in a cover media,
we use encryption technique. Also in order to keep the computational complexity at minimum possible
level the bit length of key used for encrypting the watermark should be as small as possible. A 32-bit key
is used and expanded to form a 64-bit binary encoded sequence to encrypt each row and column of the
watermark matrix. The key selection is a critical factor to determine the level of security of a watermarking
system. The sensitivity of the proposed watermarking method can be described to such an extent that a
single bit change in the key will result in failure of the whole extraction/decryption process and no
meaningful data will be recovered. Hence, an undesired intruder will have no chance to decrypt the
information data without accurate possession of the decryption keys. The watermarks extracted prove
that a single bit change in key will avail meaningless results and hence scheme has highly sensitive to any
change. The experimental results prove that the scheme offers good imperceptibility and fragility against
all signal processing attacks. Further the semi-reversible nature of the proposed scheme makes it a good
candidate for transfer of EMR in an e-healthcare system to aid in proper diagnosis.

Keywords: Copyright Protection, Ownership Verification, E-health Care, Watermarking, Encryption.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622946887.
E-mail Address: nasirnabi@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

658
A Review of Phased Array Antennas
Tanveer Hussain Parray£
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-992

Abstract

Conventional antennas such as parabolic reflectors being bulky are difficult to rotate either in azimuth or
in elevation. Moreover, the time taken for their rotation using motors is large and also imperfections exist
in rotation. Concept of phased array will eliminate the need for movable antennas, as it can steer the beam
direction electronically thereby making it fit for radar and satellite communications. A phased array
antenna is a directive antenna that consists of an array of identical radiating elements in regular
arrangements. In a typical array antenna, all the elements radiate coherently along a desired direction
which is determined by the relative phases and amplitudes of the currents at the individual elements.
Radiation pattern of phased array antenna consists of two parts- element factor and array factor in
multiplication (S = S(element) *S(array)). It is possible to scan the beam between these two extreme
pointing angles by adjusting the phase taper of array elements. Different possibilities for achieving phase
shifting are by changing the frequency, physical length of elements ,permittivity (dielectric constant)
and permeability of the signal propagating medium .Till now phased arrays have been widely used only
in defense applications including radar communications and high end commercial application regardless
of their numerous technical advantages .The primary hindrance of its wide deployment is the high cost
phase shifting mechanism for each element of an array to steer the beam in the desired direction
.Developing better ways of feeding the elements of an array, reconfigurable switches for feeding network
using embedded Lookup tables will increase the scope of phased array antennas in commercial
applications. Using concepts like reactive loading and special rotation further increase the scope of phased
array antennas.

Keywords: Phased Array Antenna Beam Steering Element Radar.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006695500.
E-mail Address: tanveer.gazi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

659
A Study of Adaptive Antenna Systems
Sakib Qadir Sofi£
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, srinagar, India.
JKSC-988

Abstract

Wireless communication technologies have become an inevitable part of our lives which urges escalation
in efficiency to meet the increasing demands. Adaptive array antennas, also known as multiple antennas,
Smart Antennas, and so on are used to increase the efficiency in digital wireless communication systems.
It works by taking the advantage of the diversity effect at the transceiver of the wireless system i.e. the
source and the destination. The use of adaptive antenna systems enables the network operators to increase
the wireless network capacity, where such networks are expected to experience an enormous increase in
the traffic. This is due to the increased number of users as well as the high data rate service and
applications. In addition, the employment of adaptive antenna systems provides the benefits of increased
range/coverage, higher rate of frequency reuse and spectral efficiency along with an improvement in link
quality/reliability and security. It also makes available the spatial information about the user at any given
time, which enables the introduction of Location Based Services. This work presents the adaptive antenna
systems, their need in fostering efficiency of current communication systems by focusing on various
efficiency parameters which will be enhanced such as range, capacity, spectral efficiency, etc. In addition
to this, a short survey of implementation, application and drawbacks of such systems is also presented.

Keywords: Smart Antenna, Adaptive Antenna.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419063337.
E-mail Address: saqib.12in@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

660
A Study of Light Weighted Security Algorithms for IoT
(Internet of Things)
Ashaq Hussain Dar£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1470

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) introduces a vision of a future Internet that involves the increasing prevalence of
objects and entities known as Things - provided with unique identifiers and the ability to automatically
transfer data over a network. As with the current Internet architecture, IP-based communication protocols
will play a key role in enabling the ubiquitous connectivity of devices in the context of IoT applications.
The main problem is that because the idea of networking appliances and other objects is relatively new,
security has not always been prime consideration in product design. However, security will be a
fundamental enabling factor of most IoT applications, mechanisms must also be designed to protect
communications enabled by such technologies. Traditional security Cryptographic Algorithms have been
made for resource rich hardware platform, with the invent of resource constraint IoT devices traditional
Cryptographic Algorithms cannot be directly applied. Down scaling these security, protocol can invite
security loop holes. So need arises for discovering some new light weighted security protocols which offers
security on low resource devices at par to security offered by traditional security algorithms. This study
analyzes existing light weighted security protocols and their comparisons to secure communications in
the IoT.

Keywords: Internet Of Things(IoT), Light Weighted Security Protocols, Resource Constraint.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419008345.
E-mail Address: ashaqcisco@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

661
A Study of Technologies, Challenges and Applications of
Green Internet of Things
Mir Nazish£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-281

Abstract

Internet of Things, an emerging and paradigm technology, in which things equipped with identifying,
sensing, networking and processing capabilities communicate with one another to accomplish specific
objectives. However, the smart connected world envisioned by Internet of Things results in high
utilization of energy resources, severe increase in global warming and high energy consumption. This has
necessitated development of a comparatively efficient, sustainable and eco- friendly technology based on
low energy consumption. This concept is generally known as Green Internet of Things. Although Green
Internet of Things is a challenging technique but it brings with it enormous promising advantages and
unique features such as self-sustainable capability, reduction in emission of CO2, minimizing the
dependence on non-renewable energy resources and increased use of the renewable energy resources.
This paper presents a study of low energy variants of some underlying technologies of Internet of Things
such as RFID, M2M, Cloud Computing, Data Centers, etc. that make an IoT, a Green IoT. Further, some
emerging challenges such as privacy, security, scalability, interoperability, etc. of Green IoT that warrant
immediate attention have been identified and discussed. Moreover, some applications have been profiled
that have the potential to make this world a smart place to live in.

Keywords: IoT, Green IoT, Low Energy, Green RFID, Green Data Centers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622850350.
E-mail Address: mirnazishh@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

662
An Overview of the Image Edge Detection Techniques for
Information Hiding
Aiman Jan£, Shabir Ahmad Parah, Bilal A. Malik, J. A. Sheikh, G. M. Bhat*
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
*
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-704

Abstract

In todays world Internet is considered as the efficient and effective medium of communication. We
communicate with people through internet by means of various social networking sites like Facebook,
Twitter etc. Sharing information over internet is open to various threats and attacks, and hence requires
security to the data being shared. Therefore, the multimedia content carrying information should be
transmitted in such a way that it can withstand any type of attacks. There are various techniques available
to fulfil these criteria like Cryptography, Steganography, and Watermarking etc. Cryptography and
Steganography has been used for the covert communication where Cryptography converts the message
into an encrypted form, while Steganography makes it imperceptible by embedding the data in any
multimedia content like image, video, audio, speech etc. The message can be embedded either in smooth
areas or in edge areas of the multimedia content. Among the two, edge area technique has gained its
attention from researchers as it provides the enough space to the data being embedded and is highly
imperceptible to the Human Visual System. In this paper review of various techniques to find the edge
areas like Robert, Sobel, Prewitt, Canny etc. has been carried out. All these techniques use their pre-
defined kernels (Vertical and Horizontal) to find the edge areas. Robert, Sobel and Prewitt are more
sensitive to noise than the Canny edge detection technique. However Canny edge detection technique
shows better performance than all these techniques and detects more edge areas. Thus by the Canny edge
detection technique we can embed more data to the multimedia content without being perceived by the
unauthorised person. Sometimes we are in need of transferring more data for which hybrid of the above
mentioned techniques can be used. This provides better space for the data being embedded but at the
same time hybrid of two techniques increases the complexity issues. So we should find another alternative
to increase the payload without compromising with the time complexity.

Keywords: Cryptography, Steganography, Watermarking, Edge Detection Technique.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697823757.
E-mail Address: aimanjan12345@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

663
A Survey on COAP- A New Version of HTTP for IoT
Safia Gul1£, Ghulam Mohuddin Bhat2, Bilal Ahmad Malik3
1,3
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar India.
2
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-780

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of constrained nodes interacting with each other over the
constrained network or somewhere with the internet. Internet of Things (IoT) has become the reality and
in coming decades this could grow to 30 billion nodes. With the rapid growth of IoT there has been a
steady increase in new protocols at the application layer of protocol stack. Internet engineering task force
(IETF)- the premier internet standards body has succeeded in designing a light weight application
protocol: Constrained Application Protocol, COAP for IoT. The main aim of IoT is to have effective
communication between constrained smart objects or products connected to the internet which is
provided by COAP: a new version of Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for IoT. HTTP being expensive
in terms of code space and resource usage is not able to serve small constrained devices. So this survey
presents the introduction and classes of constrained nodes, networks and challenged networks, features
of COAP and its comparison with HTTP. Moreover, Constrained Application Protocol (COAP)
REQUEST/RESPONSE model will also be discussed. Message transmission and congestion control an
open challenge for future research will be the topic under consideration in this survey.

Keywords: Internet Of Things, Constrained Application Protocol, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, REQUEST/RESPONSE
Model.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622493701.
E-mail Address: gul.safia@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

664
An Energy Saving Perspective of the Technologies Underlying
Green Internet of Things
Syed Suhail Ahmad Simnani£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinasgar, India.
JKSC-761

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) integrates sensors, actuators, nodes, gateways and clouds to create advanced
control systems thereby minimizing the human interaction in the system. A diverse set of technologies
underlies a complete IoT system which in recent times have substantially been modified to conserve
energy. This paper provides a synopsis of the layered architecture, hardware and software elements for
the implementation of a complete IoT Ecosystem. These include protocol layering, modular software
implementations for sensors and actuators, gateways, cloud platforms with the cross-stack functionality
to address the different challenges associated with the IoT paradigm. Further, the transition of the current
trend towards a more reliable and energy efficient platform known as Green Internet of Things which
aims at reducing the carbon footprint of components is reviewed and discussed. The paper further
discusses contemporary schemes and technologies focused towards the architectural parameters such as
Radio frequency identification (RFID) devices for low power consumption, efficient sleep scheduling of
wireless sensor networks (WSN) with advanced energy harvesting capabilities for Green IoT
implementation. The paper further enumerates novel technologies and contemporary architectural
components of Greet IoT such as scaling of the RFID tags, Energy-efficient routing techniques in Wireless
Sensor Networks, optimization of hardware and software in Cloud Computing with usage of power saving
virtualization techniques and efficient communication protocols that are perceived as the enablers of
Internet of Things. The paper finally proposes some novel methods that can further be used to realize
Green Internet of Things.

Keywords: Green IoT, Layered Architecture, Low-Power IoT, IoT Architecture, Wireless sensor networks (WSN).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006400147.
E-mail Address: syedsuhailsimnani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

665
An Overview of CNTFET Technology
Mubashir Ahmad Kharadi1£, Gul Faroz Ahmad Malik2, Khurshed Ahmad Shah3,
Farooq Ahmad Khanday4
1,2,4
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Sri Pratap College, Cluster University, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-693

Abstract

At nanoscale, the use of MOSFET for IC design has become impossible due to the various short-channel
effects. Therefore, a lot of research work is going on to find the alternative technologies. The research of
previous decade has pointed towards the use of carbon nanotubes can be viable choice. carbon nanotubes
are a new class of materials that have many unique and advantageous properties. Carbon nanotubes are
the members of the fullerene structural class. The FETs that can be formed from carbon nanotubes are
designated as carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs). Some of the advantages of the CNTFETs
that are worth mentioning include near ballistic transport, higher electron mobility, high mechanical
strength, higher current densities etc. Besides, all these advantages CNTFETs have not become as popular
owing to the challenges like material issues, fabrication issues, cost issues and compatibility issues with
the silicon technology. In this work, an overview of CNTFET technology will be presented where the
advantages of CNTFET technology over the conventional CMOS technology will be highlighted. The
design issues of CNTFET technology will be highlighted and possible solutions will also be presented.

Keywords: Moore’s Law, MOSFET, Carbon Nanotubes, Fullerenes, CNTFET.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622796455.
E-mail Address: kharadimubashir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

666
An Overview of Spin Field Effect Transistor (Spin-FET)
Technology
Gul Faroz Ahmad Malik1£, Mubashir Ahmad Kharadi2, Nusrat Parveen3, Farooq
Ahmad Khanday4
1,2,4
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Electronics Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-691

Abstract

Spin-FET is one of the most promising device to discourse the power concerns of semiconductor
transistors like BJTs and MOSFETs. Spin-FET combines the useful properties of a conventional transistor
and magneto-resistive (spin) device. In contrast to the conventional transistors that work on the charge
of electron, Spin-FET works on the spin of the electron exhibiting one of the two states (up and down).
The Spin-FET technology is believed to be one of the prominent technology for exploring efficient
Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM). In addition, Spin-FETs are very useful and suitable for
realizing various new integrated circuit architectures not possible by conventional transistors.
Furthermore, unlike conventional CMOS technology, both n-type and p-type FETs can be obtained from
the same structure. However, the Spin-FET technology has some design issues, which does not allow it
to come to the market. In this work, an overview of Spin-FET technology will be presented where the
advantages of Spin-FET technology over the conventional CMOS technology will be highlighted. The
design issues of Spin-FET technology will be highlighted and possible solutions will also be presented.

Keywords: Spintronics, Spin-FET, Compact CMOS, Datta-Das FET.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858390294.
E-mail Address: gfarozam@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

667
Analysis of Short Channel characteristics of Gate Engineered
Tri-Gate Silicon on Nothing MOSFET
Aadil Tahir Shora£, Farooq Ahmad Khanday
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1362

Abstract

The bulk planar MOSFET introduces Short Channel Effects (SCEs) in the nanoscale regime and thus is
not scalable to the future. Such argument is because the device is approaching its electrostatic limits,
which severely degrades its performance. The ITRS projected in 2011 that 10nm gate-length will be needed
in 2015 but due to difficulty in scaling of transistor, INTEL fabricated 14nm transistor in 2014 and 10nm
transistor is set for late 2018. As the difficulty of scaling transistors is already being felt, ultra-thin channel
structures, such as Fully Depleted-Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) and multi-gate FETs are the candidates
to scale gate length to the end of the ITRS roadmap. While FD device structure enhances channel
electrostatics, multi-gate FETs provide enhanced carrier mobility, better ION/IOFF ratio and excellent gate
control over the channel. The implementation of super SOI device called silicon-on-nothing (SON) along
with gate engineering techniques have further attenuated Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and
other SCEs in addition to improving electrical performance. In this work, the attributes of Tri-gate
MOSFET incorporating the novelty of gate work function engineering to circumvent the barriers to device
scaling, have been carried out. The performance analysis of the Gate Engineered Tri-Gate Silicon on
Nothing MOSFET and its prospect in suppressing SCEs, Hot carrier Effects and DIBL will be presented in
this paper.

Keywords: Short Channel Effects, Silicon on Nothing, Trigate, MOSFET.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825006636.
E-mail Address: aadil26tahir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

668
Anti-Forensics as a Hurdle in Digital Forensic Investigations
and its Counter Measures
Mariya Shafat1£, M. Tariq Banday2, M.Rafiq Beigh3
1,2
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India..
3
Govt Degree College, Sumbal, India.
JKSC-680

Abstract

Digital Revolution has engulfed every facet of the activities carried out by humans. The distribution,
implementation and infusion of the digital technologies have undeniably and unimaginably myriad
benefits personally and professionally. Today, the world is reigned over by the digital sea of big data,
Internet of Things, cloud computing, quantum computing, artificial intelligence and robotics. Despite all
the positives of digital technologies, the pre-dominance of cybercrimes cannot be divorced off or
overlooked from the overall picture. Digital forensics provides a broad integrated platform to deal with
the investigation of cybercrimes. At the heart of digital forensic investigations is the digital evidence that
should be identified, gathered in its original form and entirety and then analyzed to be admissible in the
court of law. However, the greatest technical challenge faced in digital evidence acquisition is anti-
forensics that makes the evidence recovery difficult or even impossible in certain cases by confusing,
frustrating or misleading the forensic tools of investigation. The proposed work focuses on the
investigation in two arenas, first arena includes the identification of anti-forensic techniques employed
by cyber criminals that in turn focuses on the identification of bugs in forensic tools to catch their
weakness and then over-writing or destroying data using disk sanitization or meta data erasure, hiding
data using cryptography or steganography or even in file system structures, minimizing the footprint
using memory injections or virtual machines, implanting counterfeit evidence, trial obfuscation
and even attacking the forensic investigation tools. The second arena includes the investigation
of counter measures (anti-anti-forensics) employed by forensic investigators as antidote to defeat the
anti-forensic techniques that forestall and confound the forensic investigations.

Keywords : Digital Forensics, Digital evidence, Anti-Forensics, Anti-Anti-Forensics, Disk Sanitization, Trial
Obfuscation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780940917.
E-mail Address: mariyakirmani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

669
Arithmetic Function Implementation using Stochastic Logic
Romisa Akhtar£, Farooq Ahmad Khanday
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1334

Abstract

In contrast with the conventional deterministic computing that has dominated the digital world for
decades, scientists are now moving towards a fundamentally different technique that is probabilistic in
`nature, namely, stochastic computing. This is because for manufacturing technologies sub-45nm, second
order effects make it very difficult to obtain the benefits that one would expect from the reduction of the
size of the circuit, mainly due to reliability problems. Stochastic computing is based on pulsed logic and
is the result of applying the probabilistic laws to the digital logic blocks that performs operations on
stochastic signals representing the analog quantities. Main attraction of stochastic logic when it was first
introduced in 1960’s is that it enables low cost implementation of arithmetic operations and other
mathematical functions using standard logic elements. As of now, there are various stochastic computing
methodologies like unsigned classical stochastic logic, unsigned extended stochastic logic etc. and for all
these methods, a set of own digital blocks (stochastic blocks) are developed and evaluated to serve as a
basis for the implementation of basic arithmetic operations (addition, multiplication) and mathematical
functions (exponential function). These stochastic blocks are able to face some massive computing
problems like implementation of neural networks, parallel computing systems, pattern recognition
circuits etc. more efficiently than classical digital electronics. In this work, basic concepts of different
stochastic computing methodologies are briefly introduced. In addition, the implementation of various
functions in unsigned classical stochastic logic and unsigned extended stochastic logic will also be
presented. Finally, the problems associated with these implementations are presented.

Keywords: Binary Computing, Fault Tolerance, Probabilistic Representation, Stochastic Computing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825022712.
E-mail Address: romisaakhtar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

670
Average Path Length Optimization for Adder Circuits using
Decision Diagram Technique
Md Balal Siddiqui£, Mirza Tariq Beg, S. Naseem Ahmad
Deptt of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, India.
JKSC-1240

Abstract

Adders are the basic building blocks of any digital architecture. In VLSI based design of digital circuit
using adders we need to optimize different parameters in order to minimize power dissipation,
propagation delays, chip area etc. Average path length is associated with propagation delay in a digital
circuit. Minimization of average path length in turns minimizes the signal propagation delay and hence
improves the overall circuit performance. Binary Decision Diagrams are famous for their compact
structure and ease in manipulation. In last two decades, lots of work has been done on Binary Decision
Diagrams and its application in digital circuit design. Binary Decision Diagram based representations are
very convenient for optimization of adder circuits as many VLSI CAD tools use Binary Decision Diagrams
as a data structure to represent the Boolean circuits. In this work we have implemented the optimization
technique based on Binary Decision Diagrams for adder circuits. First the adder circuits have been
implemented using Binary Decision Diagrams and then genetic algorithm based approach is used for
optimization of average path length. The result obtained from the simulation using Buddy-2.4 BDD
manipulation tool showed improved results. Our approach has shown a good reduction in average path
length for adder circuits of different bit sizes.

Keywords: Binary Decision Diagrams, Boolean Functions, VLSI CAD, Digital Circuit Optimization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9855243564.
E-mail Address: balalsid@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

671
Back-Propagation Learning Algorithm for Artificial Neural
Networks
Arshid Nisar£, Farooq Ahmad Khanday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1223

Abstract

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are relatively new computational tools that have found extensive
utilization in solving many complex real-world problems. The attractiveness of ANNs comes from their
remarkable information processing characteristics pertinent mainly to nonlinearity, high parallelism, fault
and noise tolerance, and learning and generalization capabilities. The training of ANNs is mainly
undertaken using the back-propagation (BP)-based learning algorithms. It attempts to minimize a
quadratic cost function using steepest gradient search. Each iteration in the algorithm constitutes two
sweeps: forward activation to produce a solution, and a propagation of the computed error to modify
weights. It is well-known that gradient descent techniques are slow and prone to local minima. Several
iterations are required to train a small network, even for a simple problem. Various attempts have been
made to introduce flexibility in learning rate selection and increase the chances of escaping from local
minima. In this work, the review of general back-propagation algorithm technique is introduced. In
addition, the several backdrops of the algorithm will be highlighted.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Neural Networks, Back-propagation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858389707.
E-mail Address: arshidnisar@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

672
BER Analysis of Speech Transmission in Fading Environment
using MIMO-FBMC and OFDM for Future 5G Mobile
Communications Technology
Sakeena Akhtar£, Javaid A. Sheikh, Shabir A.Parah, Zaffer Iqbal
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-225

Abstract

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a multi-carrier modulation technique is being

widely used in high speed communication systems like LTE and Wi-Fi. OFDM provides ease of
implementation and equalization. In spite of these benefits and advantages, OFDM is not spectrally
efficient due to presence of side lobes. Strict synchronization is also a major problem in OFDM systems.
FBMC tries to overcome the limitations of OFDM of reduced spectral efficiency and strict synchronization
needs. This paper compares Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) with Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) and highlights the merits of the new candidate modulation scheme for developing
Fifth Generation (5G) communication systems. Compared to OFDM where orthogonality is must for all
the carriers, FBMC needs orthogonality for the neighboring sub-channels only. In order to utilize the
channel bandwidth efficiently, modulation in the sub-channels should adjust to the neighboring
orthogonality constraint and for this purpose offset quadrature modulation (OQAM) is used with FBMC.
For maximum bit rate, filter banks are combined with OQAM without the necessity for guard time or
cyclic prefix as in OFDM. From the spectral density graph of FBMC and OFDM, it is quite visible that
FBMC is highly spectral efficient than OFDM. From the obtained graphs, it is also clear that the bit error
rate for received speech signal decreases with receive diversity when Alamouti STBC is used. Thus FBMC
due to its advantages over OFDM has led it to being considered as one of the modulation technique for
5G Mobile Networks.

Keywords: OFDM, FBMC, Filter Bank, OQAM, Alamouti STBC, MIMO.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906475295.
E-mail Address: mirsakina77@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

673
Blind Robust Image Rotation Estimation Technique Based on
Pythagorean Theorem
Nazir Ahmed Loan£, Nasir Nabi Hurrah, Shabir A.Parah, Jahangir A. Akhoon, Javaid
A. Sheikh
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-710

Abstract

From last decade, the transfer of digital data over the internet is increasing by a tremendous rate than
ever before and the main reason for such rate of transfer is the technological revolution in digital world
which not only revolutionized the data storage, speed of operation, cost of memory, Hardware complexity
etc., but also resulted in evolution of health care to e-health care, education to e-education, governance
to e-governance etc. The digital data like video, image, audio on the internet, however, are more
susceptible to attacks and pose a big threat to intellectual property rights. In this paper, a robust image
rotation estimation technique has been proposed. This can detect the angle of rotation of an image blindly
without the need of a reference image. The proposed technique simply exploits the basic Pythagorean
Theorem with a new set of rules to detect the degree of rotation. The experimental results reveal that the
proposed scheme can accurately estimate the angle of rotation in both the cases that is rotated with or
without translation. Without the involvement of human visual system (HVS), the proposed technique can
detect ±45˚ automatically and the involvement of HVS for detection of direction and quadrant of
rotation the proposed technique can estimate the angle up to ±360˚ accurately. The technique is
applicable to all those images which contain non zero pixels in their boundaries. The robustness of the
proposed scheme has been tested for different image processing operations like histogram equalization,
low pass filtering (LPF), salt and pepper noise, and JPEG etc. Further, it is worth mentioning here that
besides estimating the angle of rotation and translation it can correct the same. This rotation estimation
algorithm truly finds applications in different fields like defense, copyright protection, satellite imaging,
flaw detection in buildings etc.

Keywords: Rotation Estimation, Robustness, Human Visual System, Image Translation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596397817.
E-mail Address: nazirloan786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

674
Blockchain Technology- Impact and Application to Human
Society
Mudasir Ahmad Dar£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-421

Abstract

In present scenario, everything is gradually switching towards a more digitized outlook. From learning
methods to visiting doctors, from shopping to online transactions, every minute aspect of life is getting
technologically polished because of one big thing called Internet. Blockchain, the engine behind
cryptocurrency, is quite similar to Internet and is proving to allow many revolutionary technologies by
introducing a public ledger that holds immutable data in a secure and encrypted way and ensures that its
transactions can never be altered. A blockchain does two things: collect and arrange data into blocks, and
then chain those blocks together securely using cryptography. The ledger in the blockchain is validated
and preserved by a network node in pursuance of consensus mechanism- one that automatically checks
in with itself after every specified time span, thereby eliminating the need for a central authority or
intermediary. Blockchain technology was originally developed as part of the cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. But
the two are quite different. Blockchain allows humans and computers to share and control information in
a way that is transparent and decentralized and further ensures a reversal of the age-old trend of
centralization or consolidation of power at a mere cost of transaction speed, thus, in essence, is a novel
way to manage data, with an expectation to transform the four pillars of society: communication, finance,
law and production. This paper looks into the feasibility of blockchain to the different facets of human
society and explores the expected areas, where the blockchain can act as a game changer and further,
emphasizes its enormous potential for human development by the introduction of mutual sharing of
resources and services.

Keywords: Blockchain, Internet, Cryptography, Bitcoin.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906520428.
E-mail Address: darmudassir13@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

675
Classification Model: Neural Networks to Deep Convolutional
Neural Networks
Farhat Roohi1£, G. Mohiuddin Bhat2, Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi3
1
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Dept of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1266

Abstract
Humans have been making endeavors to realize the vision of having machines that have brain as intelligent as humans. Such
intelligent machines, a dream, should be capable of self-learning and decision making without human intervention or
interpretation e.g., automatic cars which drives on their own, machines automatically detecting diseases, or machines
looking after housekeeping of offices or homes on their own, face/object/image recognition etc. For machines to perform
jobs, like humans, need thinking and processing unit like human brain with basic units working like neurons. Scientists and
scholars have been trying to develop such intelligent machine with the help of artificial neurons linked in a pattern like
human neurons, giving rise to artificial neural networks. Such networks need to solve most complex computational
problems, ever done, which our brain solves in micro seconds. In order to emulate such capability computer programs and
algorithms in the field of artificial intelligence, often known as deep learning, are being developed actively since last decade
to make such computations, but still the dream is yet to realize. This process involves identification of the parameters of a
system and model them in such a manner that they mimic the original system. The descriptive and predict quality of these
models depend on their degree of closeness in representing the real phenomena. While these efforts have started with the
initial neural networks being somewhat shallow having capability to process only limited data, the recent development of
deep neural networks having capability of deep learning are revolutionizing the field of artificial intelligence and machine
learning. These networks having more number of layers or deep architecture are capable of solving more complex artificial
intelligence tasks and processing large data sets to make deep learning possible in machines. It has radically upgraded many
artificial intelligence tasks viz. image and object detection, vision and speech recognition, face recognition, machine
translation etc. Researchers have used the recurrent neural network to denoise speech signals, stacked auto-encoders to
discover clustering patterns of gene expressions, deep learning for sentiment analysis and neural model to generate images
with different styles. The multilayer structure of deep learning models allows machines to analyze huge data sets and to
avoid over fitting- a limitation with the older version of neural networks. Whereas, their deep nature makes the number of
connections and calculations to be huge, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) have the advantage of having much fewer
parameters and connections in comparison to same sized standard feed-forward neural networks. They are thus easy to train
also. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are models with large learning capabilities with the advantage of using prior
knowledge in making decisions. Their capacity can be controlled by varying their depth and breadth. They make strong and
mostly correct assumptions about the nature of objects e.g. images. They have also shown impressive classification results.
However, their superior performance and further scope for improvement, still in the initial stage, is being researched by the
scholars in order to understand it further. This research is on the rise and therefore this paper also makes an attempt to
promote this research area by presenting an account of several different deep learning models with focus on CNNs. This
understanding is used to develop a better classification model based on CNNs.

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Deep learning, Convolution Neural Network (CNN),

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419074595.
E-mail Address: farhat_11@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

676
Copy-Move Forgery Detection using Fast K-Means Clustering
technique for Digital Image Forensics
Tawheed Jan Shah£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-377

Abstract

Currently, the number of digital images has grown exponentially on social media such as Instagram,
Facebook and twitter because of ease in the digital image acquisition with the proliferation of advanced
cameras, tablets and smartphones. But at the same time, the availability of the user friendly image editing
software suites, both for personal computers and smartphones make it very easy to manipulate the image
content in order to make false propaganda. Hence, digital images are not acceptable in the court room as
proof without reliable Image Forensic Analysis. For this reason, different techniques have been proposed
to detect and localize the different types of digital image forgeries based on artifacts from resampling,
lighting, color filter array, JPEG compression etc., to ensure the authenticity and integrity of images.
Amongst different image forgeries, copy-move is the most common and popular approach chosen by
forgers. Since in case of Copy-Move forgery, the duplicated portion used to create false scene belongs to
the same image and therefore different properties such as texture, color palette, noise level etc. remains
compatible with the rest of the image, making forgery detection difficult. In this paper, an efficient Copy-
Move forgery detection method based on Discrete Wavelet and Discrete cosine transform together with
Fast K-mean clustering technique is presented. The proposed passive forgery detection method doesn’t
need any prior information about the suspicious image and works in the absence of the digital watermark.
The experimental results show that the presented work outperforms the previous works present in the
literature. The experiments were conducted using Image Processing Toolbox of MATLAB(R2017a).

Keywords: Image Forgery, Copy-Move Forgery, DCT, Forgery Detection, DWT.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797997886.
E-mail Address: tawheedjan@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

677
Design of a Skin Surface Potential Sensing Helmet
Khushboo Qureshi£, Lubna Malik, Mehak Shafi, Sabrina Khursheed, Arshid Iqbal
Khan, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics And Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-650

Abstract

Current helmet security is based on the principle of pressure sensing wherein wearing a pressure on the
helmet when worn by a rider creates a data signal which controls the bike ignition. The signal is
transmitted wirelessly through Infrared communication system. There are many drawbacks as pressure
in the helmet can be produced without wearing it and the basic purpose of starting the bike by wearing
the helmet can be easily bypassed. This paper reports the design of a skin surface potential sensing helmet.
In it, instead of pressure sensor, skin surface potential has been used, which ensures that the rider wears
the helmet for starting as well as while riding the bike and thus cannot bypass it. In addition, the designed
system permits transmission of the location of the wearer in case of an eventuality or accident through
GSM and GPS. Other safety advancements of the designed helmet include anti-theft feature, over speed
alert module, and obstacle detection module.

Keywords: Biker’s Safety, Anti-Theft Feature, Over-Speed Alert, Obstacle Detection, Human Safety, Skin Surface
Potential.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796038686.
E-mail Address: khushiqureshi2@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

678
DICOM: An Overview and Challenges
Aaqib Anjum Reshi£, Shabir A. Parah
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1373

Abstract

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is an international standard for transmission,
storing, retrieving, processing and printing of medical images. The standard being subjected to a lot of
modification and has a history of its own. It began with the ACR/NEMA 300 standard in 1985. This version
was subject to improvements and in 1988 was modified to ACR/NEMA v2.0 which gained more
acceptance. But due to some follies it was again modified in 1993 and emerged as DICOM. There are other
medical imaging standards which have evolved with time like HIPAA, EDI, HL7, DICOM, IEEE 11073, ICD-
9, and CPT. DICOM makes exchange of medical image more easy and independent of the equipment
manufacturer. Other than the image data, DICOM file format supports other information useful to
describe the image. This makes DICOM easy to use and the data exchange fast and safe while avoiding
possible confusion caused by multiple files for the same study like associating/embedding patient
information within an x-ray, MRI, ultrasound, CT scan, fluoroscopy etc. Being an international standard
recognized as ISO 12052 DICOM faces a lot of challenges in various fields of healthcare like collecting
DICOM and Non-DICOM data from modalities, networking and remote data accesses, consistent and
complete data of Medical Digital Images, complex hardware, network speed and availability, adherence
to appropriate Security policies etc. A major challenge faced in DICOM today is mostly because of
geographical constraints. In rural India there is a huge scarcity of IT professionals. DICOM being a
complex image processing standard needs highly trained IT professional to convert this medical data into
readable and operable form. Also there is a need to secure the patient data in DICOM as this data flows
through the various servers which transfer this data within clinics, doctor-doctor and patient-doctor.
These limitations can be solved by incorporating DICOM with present day technologies like IoT, cloud
computing etc.

Keywords: Nema, Medicine, Security, Standard, Healthcare.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622500864.
E-mail Address: aqibreshi21@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

679
Digital Image Compression Using Bit Plane Coding
Sameena Shah£, Shabir A. Parah
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1375

Abstract

Image compression has become a necessity due to the rapid growth of digital technology and increasing
multimedia traffic. In order to utilize digital images effectively, specific techniques are needed to reduce
the number of bits required for their representation. These techniques are called digital image
compression techniques where the size of an image is reduced by keeping the quality of the image to an
acceptable level. The main objective is to decrease the redundancy of an image thereby increasing the
capacity of storage and efficient transmission. There are various techniques by which images can be
compressed. They fall into two general categories: lossless and lossy image compression. These terms
describe whether or not, in the compression of a file, all original data can be recovered when the file is
uncompressed. Lossy compression techniques provide higher ratio of compression but quality of image
degrades, while as in lossless compression techniques there is no loss of quality but a lesser compression
ratio is achieved. The purpose of this abstract is to discuss one such technique called Bit Plane Coding
(where an image is broken up into bit planes and then some coding algorithm e.g. run length coding is
applied to each plane). This technique can be further modified to improve the compression ratio. In this
technique after removing LSB and other Intermediate significant bits (ISBs) at transmitter for
compression, at receiver 0’s or 1’s padding is done to retrieve the image back. ISB planes are
removed only up to such extent till PSNR stays above 36dB which guarantees the quality of the compressed
image. This technique can further be modified if instead of padding 0’s or 1’s, a random sequence of 0’s &
1’s is padded at the receiver to retrieve the image. Using these techniques, we can achieve better quality
and compression ratio.

Keywords: Image Compression Techniques, Lossless And Lossy Image Compression, Compression Ratio, Bit Plane
Coding, Run Length Coding, LSB, ISB, PSNR.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596214835.
E-mail Address: sameena314@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

680
Efficient Room Heater
Suhail Bilal Dar£, Rouf ul Alam Bhat, Soliha Shareef, Khuban Lateef, Murtaza
Imtiyaz, Isma Habib
Institute of Technology, Zakura Campus, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1481

Abstract

With advancement in technology problems keep on increasing too, thus pairing a way for unlimited
research. Home heating solutions have been there for centuries but being health intensive, there have
been hundreds of cases of death, loss of life and property. Portable heating solutions comprise of radiative
and conductive procedure. Heat blowers are extensively used in third world countries, but remains least
efficient and need to be changed every year. There is an increasing demand for portable efficient heating
which our blowers are not able to provide. The AC fan that we use in our blower requires 220 volts to run
smoothly and in winters the voltage is low which is the reason why our blowers don’t work properly. Also,
the control lacks smartness in it, means there is no control over temperature. Regular cutoffs are also seen
in these blowers. The proposed solution is designed around, a fan that works on DC which is rectified,
regulated and down shifted from the input AC and provided to an inbuilt battery for charging. This will
account for our low voltage problem. A PID controller is used for better temperature control. Moreover,
the specific heat capacity of the proposed blower is increased. Also, security features are added for
accident prevention.

Keywords: Smart, Efficient, Portable Room Heater.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006100956.
E-mail Address: khub4n@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

681
Energy Efficient Radio Resource Allocation (EERRA) for 5G
Based Device to Device Communication Using Convex
Optimization Techniques
Arshid Iqbal Khan£, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Muzaffar Gani, Farhana Mustafa
Department of Electronics And Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-287

Abstract

Device to Device (D2D) communication is a promising technology being considered as one of the key
candidate technologies for 5G wireless networks. D2D involves replacement of two-hop links between the
Base Stations (BSs) and the end user with a short single hop link. In this paper we propose optimization
algorithms for EERRA in 5G with application to D2D. Optimization aims at obtaining the maximum value
of a parameter subject to certain real time constraints. Sequential Fractional Programming (SFP) involving
fractional function and Convex optimization technique involving parametric function plays a vital role
in obtaining optimal parameter values for enhanced energy efficiency, overall cost per bit, optimal power
allocation, transmitter capacity by minimizing the negative sum rate. The resource allocation problems
are either concave optimization problems or quasi concave optimization problems and hence do not
guarantee optimal solution to the problem. However, by considering the negative sum rate of a concave
or quasi concave optimization problem, a less complex closely approachsing optimal solution can be
obtained. We consider the problem of sum rate maximization for higher order Multiple Input Multiple
Output (MIMO) networks with and without Zero Forcing (ZF) technique. The aim is to formulate the user
dependent MIMO channel matrix to maximize the achievable communication sum rate. We devise a
method based on convex optimization to obtain a quality solution to the existing non-convex problem by
applying the negative sum rate of the non-convex optimization. Furthermore, the Kurush Kuhn Tucker
(KKT) condition is applied to obtain the optimal power allocation channel coefficients. Simulations are
performed for 4×4, 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32 MIMO systems. Simulation results prove that ZF
technique performs better at higher power levels.

Keywords: Resource Allocation, Convex-optimization, Zero Forcing, Lagrangian Function, Sequential Fractional
Programming (SFP), Global Energy Efficiency (GEE).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006207921.
E-mail Address: arshidkhan.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

682
FPGA Implementation of Logic Gates Using Neural Network
Wajid Manzoor£, Farooq Ahmad Khanday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1686

Abstract

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) consist of immense parallel network of neurons which are also known
as parallel processing elements. They are used to solve the problems the same way as a human brain
approaches its problem solving in real world. The three basic features of ANNs are applicability, modular
observance and real time approach. FPGA realization of ANNs having lots of neurons is still a challenging
task. Since neural networks are concurrent, thus they exhibit faster computations in signal processing,
image processing, pattern recognition, machine translation, medical application etc. This is the reason
why we prefer ANN to be implemented in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology. MAC (Multiply
and accumulate) unit and a sigmoid activation function is generated in VHDL. These are used in finite
state machine to implement the multi-layered logic gate neural network and then the desired logic is
obtained. FPGA supports reconfigurable computing architectures and hence, are much more convenient
for neural network hardware implementation. Thus we can implement many algorithms and chose the
optimum among them. In this work, different logic gate neural network implementation on Field
Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) will be highlighted. In addition, the several design challenges for
implementing the logic gates will be discussed.

Keywords: Fractional Calculus, Fractional Order Elements, Constant Phase Elements, passive elements, Fractance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697444512.
E-mail Address: wajidmanzoor7862@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

683
Fractional Capacitors: An Overview and Latest Design Trends
Zaid Mohammad Shah£, Farooq Ahmad Khanday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1275

Abstract

Fractional Order Calculus (FOC) in which the order of the equations is of a non-integer value has been
much discussed during recent times due to the assumed potential of the same in accounting for complex
system dynamics which add to the total entropy of the system and thus could present a theoretical model
much closer to the experimental results. Such capabilities were not present with the already used method
of modeling of physical phenomena, which are expressed as differential and integral equations of integer
order which provided a well interpreted physical and geometrical representation of the processes. The
various definitions of FOC present in the literature mostly vary in the expression and thus provide a
flexibility of solving for the various given initial conditions. FOC since its effective recognition has not
only been applied to model those processes which were unknown to researchers till date but also to the
already established and proven theories. FOC application to the field of Science and Engineering promises
better control over complex processes due to its capability of accounting for random and non-linear
dynamics. Application of FOC in Electronics has led to development of various systems like FO
Oscillators, FO filters, FO PLL etc. which have been widely accepted as novel and unique. However, the
utilization of such systems in the already existing technologies is limited by the practical and commercially
acceptable realization of Fractional Order Elements. It has been proposed that Fractional order
differentials and integrals can be approximated by equations which can be implemented by passive circuit
elements viz. Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor. These elements are known to have the impedance function
expressed as a Fractional differential equation and in s-domain as Z(s)=Qs-α where Q represents the
magnitude of the impedance and α being the Fractional order (0 to -1).

Keywords: Fractional Calculus, Fractional Order Elements, Constant Phase Elements, passive elements, Fractance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9910563569.
E-mail Address: zaidmohammadzms@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

684
Generating Electricity with Sound for Low Power Devices
Syed Ubaid Qurashi£
GDC Sopore, Kashmir University, India
JKSC-1293

Abstract

Human kind is using bulk of electricity. Generating electricity for heavy industries, homes, offices etc.
need high value energy systems like nuclear power plant, hydropower plant etc. But using electricity for
gadgets that people are using today need not to be generated from a high value system. For generating
electricity for small gadgets can be done by harvesting the energy of sound. Today world has become more
encompassed by noise pollution. Using that same noise, we can generate electricity for small gadgets. In
order to generate electricity from noise we can make use of two kind of substance one of which be in
liquid phase or the other one in solid phase. This technique can be used in small gadget like phones can
be charged through our voices or the noise around us. Electricity can be harvested by using the waves that
will hit the devices. The fluid or the solid drum will absorb the energy of the waves. The amount of
electricity generated by this method can vary and can also be used to power airports or airplanes, bus
stands, highway lights etc.

Keywords: Sound, Energy, Electricity, Gadgets, Devices.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596424087.
E-mail Address: qurashiubaid@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

685
Hardware Implementation of Real Time Amalgam of
Computer Vision and Robotic Audition System Algorithms
Using an Integrated FPGA-DSP Platform
Arshid Iqbal Khan1£, Syed Mujtaba Hassan2, Jahangir Ahmad Butt3
1,
Deptt. of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2,3
Institute of Technology Zakura Campus, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-282

Abstract

A single processor based embedded system is not suitable for real time processing of huge amount of
image data from an image sensing device, hence the need for multicore and multiprocessor architectures
for computer vision systems is felt. Robotic vision or computer vision is not restricted to robots and
humanoids only; it is very vast and has diverse applications in embedded systems capable of handling
computer vision algorithms for vision based driving environment perception and hazardous situation
warning using the digital signal processing. This work presents an integrated FPGA-DSP system for real
time acquisition of stream of video frames and audio streams. The proposed system implements some the
computer vision algorithms related to object recognition, pattern recognition and motion tracking. The
reason of using an integrated environment platform is to speed up the process of data acquisition by
employing parallel processing hardware architectures. The algorithms are tested using Digital Signal
processing tools and implement using integrated platforms. Computer vision involves the Electronic
image stabilization (EIS) for video processing, which presents implementation of a set of fast and parallel
EIS algorithms. Scale Invariant Feature Transform is used in many computer vision algorithms like object
recognition, motion tracking and stereo matching. Since the technique is computationally complex, thus
designing low cost embedded architectures to meet real-time constraints is a challenge. Embedded
hardware implementation of various computer vision algorithms using field programmable gate arrays
has proved to be beneficial in most of the current designs but an integrated FPGA-DSP platform will
remove most of the constraints in designing a robust, flexible, powerful and computationally sound
hardware architecture for implementing computer vision algorithms. The amalgam of computer vision
and robot audition will revolutionize the intelligence level of the artificially intelligent robot systems
which lays down the foundation for human machine interface. The overall discussion leads to the
conclusion that for a robust, constraint free, real time, efficient and flexible computer vision system, an
integrated FPGA-DSP platform based architecture is the necessity which overcomes all limitations
prevailing in the conventional robot vision systems.

Keywords: Robotic Vision. Integrated FPGA-DSP, Electronic Image Stabilization (EIS), Programmable Gate
Arrays,Integrated Environment.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419153344.
E-mail Address: khnarshid20@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

686
High Capacity Watermarking Technique for Authentication of
Medical Images
Solihah Gull£, Shabir A. Parah
Deptt. of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-713

Abstract

Due to abrupt and immense growth in technology, there has been a huge change in the field of healthcare
system. The conventional paper based system has been replaced by maintenance of records electronically.
This data includes medical images, health record information which needs to be transferred over the
internet. The exchange of such data has to be made secure and at the same time authentication of content
is also necessary since this type of data is highly sensitive when compared to other types of data. Content
authentication is of great importance in case of medical images because the smallest change in medical
image may lead to wrong diagnosis. In such scenario watermarking can play a very significant role where
an authentication logo called as the watermark can be embedded into the medical image so that its
integrity and authenticity is maintained. Watermarking is categorized to be of three major type’s viz.
Robust, Semi-fragile and Fragile watermarking. In this paper, a Fragile Watermarking Technique has been
carried out for authentication. The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) is embedded in the Least Significant
Bits (LSB’s) of the cover image that happens to be a medical image. The proposed technique can detect
and localize any tamper to the watermarked image and hence can be used for e-health system where the
authenticity of medical reports is of great concern. Experimental results show that the performance
parameters like PSNR, BER etc., of the proposed scheme are better when compared to already existing
techniques. Further, the computational complexity of the proposed scheme is very less since it is carried
out in the spatial domain.

Keywords: Watermarking, Electronic Patient Record, Tamper Detection, Fragility.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797786481.
E-mail Address: solihahgull@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

687
Internet of Things for Global Development
Reaz Ahmad Mathangi1£, M. Tariq Banday2, M. Rafiq Beigh3
1,2
Deptt. of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University af Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Govt. Degree College Sumbal, India.
JKSC-510

Abstract

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) like Smart phones, Internet services and Big data
analytics are ubiquitously applied for the global development projects to improve throughput and deliver
result oriented services. ICT has experienced strong growth in various fields related to the basic human
development such as healthcare systems (mobile phone-enabled healthcare), relief services (CRS), energy
efficiency and other projects where smart phone, sensing devices, communication and ICT related
technologies were used. The term Internet of Things coined in 1999, discussion and anticipation for more
than a decade and now finally emerging. This emerging technology transformed our way of doing things
through better information in real-time and improved learning opportunities. IoT is relatively very close
to M2M, WSN in terms of communication, connectivity respectively and big data in terms of content
outcomes produced. IoT also covers the data produced and transmitted between M2M, M2H and H2M.
Key elements include machine produced data (e.g., from sensors), and the communication of that data
(via connectivity technologies). There are other active stake holders in IoT and each is contributing
different strengths. The IoT technology improves human wellbeing in healthcare, water, agriculture,
natural resource management, resiliency to climate change and energy related sectors. The paper explores
the current use and potential of IoT technologies in tackling global development challenges and highlights
number of explicit instances where IoT interventions are helping to solve some of the world’s most
pressing issues.

Keywords: IoT, Global, Technology, Development, ICT, Human.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419900421.
E-mail Address: reyaz421@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

688
Lab-On-Chip Technology: A step forward in Nosology
Science
Shagun Gupta1£, Furqan Zahoor2, Vipan Kakkar3
1,3
Deptt of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SMVDU, Katra, India.
2
Deptt of Electronics And Instrumentation Technology, University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-655

Abstract

Nosology is the branch of medical Science that delineates how to classify the diseases on the basis of
prevailing symptoms and according to the pathogenesis and etiology of the particular disease.
Modernization of Nosology Science is the need of today. The emerging threats from the biological warfare
agents (BWAs) have put forth the requirement of miniaturized, portable and precise devices that can
identify and classify these agents rapidly so as to avoid the irremediable situation. A state-of-art
technology with which it has become possible to design such a device is Lab-On-Chip (LoC) technology.
LoC technique permits to analyze and perform various laboratory operations on a single integrated circuit
or on a single chip with mm size dimensions. The integration of several interdisciplinary fields such as
molecular biology, microfluidics, bio-sensing, electronics, VLSI etc. to design a LoC device has numerous
advantages. The essential integral part of LoC is a Biosensor, which comprises a bio-recognition
component for separating the biomarkers and a transducer for converting the biological signal into
analyzable form. LoC platforms can provide the highly sensitive results in a fast and timely manner,
thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity rate. The focus of this study is to explore the importance of
LoC devices for rapid, precise and early identification of bio-threats with high sensitivity, for point-of-care
testing of assorted pathogens and for early stage diagnosis of various lethal diseases (like Cancer, TB,
influenza etc.). The technological advancements further empower the realization of such LoCs platforms
and this area has a lot of research potential. Conclusively, LoC technology has shown the greater capability
of bringing a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of nosology and diagnostics.

Keywords: Biological Warfare Agents (Bwas), Biosensors, Biothreats, Lab-On-Chip, Medical Diagnostics, Nosology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796064357.
E-mail Address: 17dec002@smvdu.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

689
Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)- An Initiative Towards Greener Wireless
Communication
Ifat Rasheed Zargar£1, Gazala Rashid Zargar2
1
Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
2
National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1274

Abstract

The demand of high-speed internet and multimedia services has been increasing tremendously from the
last few years. The increase in the number of users over a public network (internet) leads to an increased
burden on the radio spectrum which results in congestion of the network and hence makes difficult to
transmit the data to an intended user in a secure way. To meet such demands, an incredible companion
and close equivalent of Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) technology - Li-fi that stands for light fidelity have been
introduced in the field of wireless communication. Unlike Wi-Fi that uses the highly congested
electromagnetic waves at radio frequencies, Li-Fi operates in the visible light spectrum. Instead of Wi-Fi
routers, Li-fi uses Led bulbs fitted in a trans-receiver that can light a room and send and receive the data
as well. This technology overcomes various challenges faced by Wi-Fi like bandwidth, efficiency,
availability, and security. The use of Li-Fi technology in mobile phones, tablets, and laptops was suggested
by Hass. Despite of being in the early stages, the variety of applications of this technology ranging from
browsing the internet by using the street lamps to self-driving cars and undersea exploration is on the
market. This paper attempts to reflect an overview of the future communication (Li-Fi).

Keywords: Li-Fi(Light Fidelity), Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), LED (Light Emitting Diode), Security, Visible Light
Communication (VLC), Photodetector, Transmission

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006010689.
E-mail Address: ifatrashid@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

690
Microsensors in the Realm of Defense and Environmental
Arena
Humirah Majeed£, Neeraj Tripathi
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India.
JKSC-1135

Abstract

Microsensors are tiny integrated devices that combine the functions of different physical domains into
one device. These devices can be fabricated using various fabrication techniques with high accuracy.
Micro-sensors are very small in size, ranging from a few micrometers to millimetres and are used for
sensing, actuation, control, diagnostics, signal processing, data actuation etc. Micro-sensors involve
multidisciplinary fields like mechanical engineering, material engineering, chemical engineering,
industrial engineering, basic physics, molecular biology, electrohydrodynamics, etc, i.e., these devices
utilise inputs from these cross-linked fields to develop the highly efficient microsystems. Applications of
micro-sensors include air bag deployment systems, antilock braking systems, collision avoidance systems,
biological systems such as blood pressure monitoring systems , respirators to name a few. In this paper
novel applications in the field of defence and environment are presented. Talking about defence micro-
sensors can be used for improving operation, safety and reliability of weapons, personal/vehicle
navigation. area surveillance, detection of fuels, explosives and drugs, identifying friend-or-foe,
biomedical devices and active structures. Applications of micro-sensors also include munition guidance.
This means that a munition intended to precisely hit a specific target is guided in such a way so as to
minimise collateral damage and increase lethality against intended targets. They can also be used for data
storage which is very essential for defence. Structures with high aspect ratio can be produced using proper
etching techniques due to which small, light, low power and rugged storage devices can be realised. This
paper explores micro-sensors for safety, reliability and precision of weapons and missile systems. Major
drawbacks are also discussed with possible technical solutions.

Keywords: Micro-Sensors, Micro Fabrication, Munition Guidance, Humidity Micro-Sensor, Wind Micro-Sensor, VLSI
Chips, Miniaturisation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906406811.
E-mail Address: humirahmajeed@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

691
Nuclear Fusion by Harvesting Solar Energy
Syed Ubaid Qurashi£
GDC Sopore, Kashmir University, India.
JKSC-1435

Abstract

World is in dire need of energy. To have bulk of energy we have to invest lot of capital in nuclear power
plant systems. To capacitate the capital for nuclear power plant there is a unique solution to initialize the
nuclear fusion or fission reaction by giving it solar energy. To harvest bulk amount of solar energy for this
method we will use mirrored dish that will put all the solar heat at a particular focal point. At that focal
point the molecules of the substance used for the method will absorb the energy. By this excitation the
molecules will get a finite kinetic energy and that energy can cause fission reactions. While as if hydrogen
will be used as substance they will fuse together to create heavier elements and lots of energy. The design
will play an important part in the process to make it more efficient.

Keywords: Nuclear Energy, Energy, Solar, Fusion, Fission.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596424087.
E-mail Address: qurashiubaid@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

692
On the Study of Tunable Microwave Filters for Ultra-
Wideband (UWB) Communications
Zahid A. Bhat£1, Raqeebur Rehman2, Javaid A. Sheikh3, Mehboob ul Amin4, Sharief ud
Din5
1,2,3,4
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
5
Department of Electronics, Govt Degree College Bemina, India.
JKSC-758

Abstract

The last decade has discovered a vast advancement in the development of wireless communication
technologies. High data rate, scalable and efficient communications are already a vital part of our life. The
demand of high speed communications has led to the design and development of wideband filters to prop
up the applications such as UWB technology that promises the communication speed of up to 1000 Mbps.
Microwave filters, which provide functions such as rejecting undesired frequencies in microwave receivers
and transmitters, and channelizing or combining different frequency signals in demultiplexers and
multiplexers, are the essential components in radars, cellular and satellite communication systems. A
tunable microwave filter can replace switched filters bank with a single component and can provide size
and weight reduction and better channel selectivity which makes it favorable for reconfigurable systems.
Tunable filters at RF and microwave frequencies can potentially set a vital role in the attainment of future
reconfigurable wireless systems. This paper provides a general overview of several challenging
technologies in realizing high performance tunable filters with a delicate focus on recent progress in the
design and implementation of notch filters with both insertion loss and bandwidth tuning capability as
demand for notch responses in BPFs is increasing every year.

Keywords: Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), RF/Microwave Filters, Tunable Filters, Notch Response.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858302537.
E-mail Address: zahidbhat.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

693
Overview of Different Watermarking Techniques for
Copyright Protection and Authentication
Muzamil Hussan£1, Shabir Ahmad Parah2, G. Gheelani Qureshi3, J.A.Sheikh4, G. M
Bhat5
1,2,4
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3,5
Inst. Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-706

Abstract

The exponential growth of multimedia content being shared over the internet has led to severe threats to
authenticity and integrity of the data. Security of multimedia content is necessary especially in social
networks. The multimedia content can be audio, video, image or a speech signal. All these information
carrying signals /data are at the risk of accidental or malicious attacks due to the availability of a number
of editing tools or software’s. Thus protection of data which is being transferred over wired/wireless
network is a challenge today. To overcome this problem various Techniques like Cryptography,
Steganography, watermarking etc. have been used by the researchers. Among these techniques Digital
Watermarking has found an abundant significance in today’s world and is used globally. Watermarking
is a technique for embedding additional data which is used for authenticity and integrity such as copyright
protection and ownership identification. The embedded watermark should be robust enough to withstand
every type of attacks. This paper conducts a literature survey of existing and newly proposed
Watermarking Techniques along with their potential application areas. This paper also presents a tutorial
overview of various Watermarking Techniques with emphasis on Transform Domain (DCT, DFT, and
DWT) as well as Spatial Domain (SVD, LSB). A detailed comparative analysis of these Watermarking
Techniques will be provided. This approach will not only mention key references but will also provide a
valuable background to the beginner.

Keywords: Cryptography, Steganography, Watermarking, DCT, DWT, DFT, SVD, LSB.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9086958970.
E-mail Address: muzamil8910@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

694
On the Sudy and Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM for
Future Wireless Systems using Rician Fading Channel
Priyanka Mishra£1, Javaid Sheikh2, Mehbbob ul Amin3
1
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, UP, India.
2,3
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-915

Abstract

To support high data rate in the hostile environment multiple input multiple output based OFDM has
been considered on strong candidate over the years. To physically implement the MIMO OFDM system
with less receiver complexity, OST BC coding has been used and implemented in the proposed technique.
The mathematical model of capacity has been derived for deterministic, random and correlated Rician
fading channels. The performance has been evaluated as a function of SNR. From the results it is observed
that capacity increases with the increase in no. of antennas. The statistical approach of Independent and
Identical distributed (IID) random theory analysis has been used in the proposed scheme. The proposed
technique has been tested in the real robust channel environment and therefore has a lot of scope in the
future broadband networks.

Keywords: MIMO-OFDM, OSTBC, Rician, IID.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419090554.
E-mail Address: sjavaid.ece@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

695
PLC based U- Turn Violation Detection for Road Safety
measures
Shakeel Ahmad Bhat£
Department of Electronics and Inst. Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India

JKSC-1445

Abstract

In recent years, there is a worldwide thrust given on a road safety plans to reduce the number of accidents
on roads. Accidents and causalities analysis is a complex procedure because the factors affecting accident
occurrence are numerous and not independent. In practice, it may certainly help to reduce the chances
of accidents at those key areas and locations where accidents are tightly clustered. To achieve the
objectives, it may be useful to use more sophisticated criteria based on sensors and a Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC) to detect the U-turn violations around the clock for law enforcement to discourage such
a violation which otherwise leads to an instant confusion for other driver(s) and the results are always
serious accidents. The aim of this work is to discourage those drivers who always wants to take a chance
at a prohibited U-turns to reduce their time of travel.

Keywords: PLC, Sensors, Prohibited U-Turns, Key Areas and Locations.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419401671.
E-mail Address: shakeel.usic123@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

696
QoS in Wireless Mobile Communication System by
Improving Handoff using Fuzzy Logic
G. M. Mir£1, G. M. Bhat2, A. A. Balkhi1
1
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, SKUAST-K, India.
2
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India.
JKSC-1049

Abstract

Mobile communication has revolutionized the connectivity in communication system but the quality of
service (QoS) deteriorates when mobile station is moving at high speed between two micro cells. The
signal strength fades quickly when mobile station turns around corner of a building. The handoff at corner
effect should be efficiently dealt with, so that handoff call is not terminated. The unnecessary termination
of handoff calls is highly undesired and needs to be tackled carefully. The channel management system in
the adjacent cell should be adequate to take the call after threshold in weak signal is reached. The assigned
fixed channels are always constant and are decided with respect to the population density of the cell and
with respect to the increase in traffic at peak time. Flexible channels and guard channels should be
coordinated with respect to density of traffic at peak hours and the density of population of the cell. In
case of very fast mobile station and non-availability of channel from neighboring cell the call should be
handed off to macro cell and returned back after the channel is available in target micro cell. This is called
bidirectional call overflow scheme between two layers of microcells and macrocells, where handoffs are
decided by the velocity of mobile making the call. To ensure that handoff calls are given higher priorities,
it is assumed that guard channels are assigned in both macrocells and microcells. A hysteresis value
introduced in mobile velocity is used to allow mobile roam in the same cell if its velocity changes back
within the set threshold values. By doing this the number of handoffs is reduced thereby reducing the
processing overhead and enhancing the quality of service to the end user.

Keywords: Mobile Communication, Hands Off, Fuzzy Logic, Qos, Threshold, Macro Cell, Micro Cell.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419076882.
E-mail Address: altaf_ae@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

697
Recent Developments in Hardware Neuromorphic
Computing
Mujtaba Yousuf Kathjoo£, Farooq A. Khanday, M. Tariq, Banday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentaion Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1473

Abstract

Neuromorphic and Neural inspired computing has matured beyond the simulating and leveraging
concepts of brain regions such as cortex and electro mechanical imitation of sensory systems- vision and
hearing. It has evolved through a substantive examination of the microarchitecture of neural tissues and
modern micro and nano-electronics to understand the differences in information processing between two
systems. The basic important distinction of Neuromorphic systems to modern day computing is that the
biological neural network architectures have memory, computation and control integrated together and
in traditional computing architectures, these three components act separately. The structure of neural
tissues employs a massive parallelism and hierarchical structure, which adds to energy efficiency provided
by component level integration of biological neural network architectures. Hardware developments in
Neuromorphic architectures tends back to mapping of behavioral models of neural tissues using finite
state machine approach and currently vogues hardware cores capable of simulating hundreds of neurons
each with thousands of synaptic connections. These Systems have been used to characterize learning
algorithms and to process sensor data in AI based systems. This work has been carried out to present an
overview of developments made in the field of Neuromorphic computing hardware. Further, this work
incites the current trends of the field and future prospective.

Keywords: Neuromorphic Computing, Ann, Biological Neural Network Architectures.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622772777.
E-mail Address: mujtabakathjoo@uok.edu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

698
Recent Trends in Phase Change Memory Technology
Samrah Mehraj£, Farooq A. Khanday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-715

Abstract

The extraordinary growth of the electronic devices types and functionality is imposing urgent needs of
higher computational speeds, better data transmission bandwidths and most importantly more memory.
The current embedded memories are mainly volatile, and suffer from high power consumption limiting
their scalability. However, the non-volatile memories can help in overcoming the power consumption.
One of such type of non-volatile memory is the Phase Change Memory. Phase Change Memory has
entered the electronics market as a random access non-volatile memory technology and is attracting a
significant interest due to its non-volatility, better scalability and long-term data retention. Unfortunately,
Phase Change Memory suffers from three major drawbacks. Firstly, has higher read latency than Dynamic
Random Access Memory. Secondly, writing consumes significantly high energy. Thirdly, it has limited
endurance. Phase Change Memory cells are projected to endure 10-100 million write operations. Several
recent architectural studies have looked at mitigating these drawbacks of Phase Change Memory in order
to make it viable as a main memory candidate. The Phase Change Memory has been researched for a
number of years. The phase change memory, as a technology, offers great flexibility in fabricating various
device structures and allows different ways of operation. In this work, the general overview of the Phase
Change Memory and its recent trends for storing the binary data is introduced. In addition, the several
issues of Phase Change Memory will be highlighted and possible solutions will also be presented.

Keywords: Memory, Volatile and Non-Volatile Memories, Phase Change Memory.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715023470.
E-mail Address: khateebsamrah@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

699
Smart Stick: An Arduino Based Speech Guided Obstacle
Avoidance System for Visually Impaired Citizens
Lubna Ahad£1, Mariya, Sehar, Yasir, Omar
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1393

Abstract

In this paper, a smart stick designed by our team built up a prototype of smart stick for navigation
purposes has been proposed. The Smart stick comes with ultrasonic sensor, infra-red sensor, custom built
water sensor, earphones & text-speech module all brought up together, integrated & controlled by
microcontroller Arduino Uno. The ultrasonic sensor helps to detect nearby obstacles in range of (100 cm
to 150 cm) & send the signals to Arduino uno for processing which then fires text-speech module
responsible for converting pre-programmed text into speech which is heard through earphones wore by
the visually impaired person & thus helping him in navigation. The prototype comes with an infra-red
sensor which is used for detection of stairs while walking & again used same text-speech module as a
means for navigation. The stick also has a custom built water sensor connected to microcontroller Arduino
uno which is used to detect the presence of water and provide an alert in time for path change so as to
avoid slipping. The smart stick has also been designed by incorporating at each step every possible cost
optimization to make the smart stick affordable to every visually impaired person from all segments of
our society whosoever needs it.

Keywords: Smart Stick, Ultrasonic Sensor, Water Sensor, Infra-Red Sensor, Visually Impaired People.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006380030.
E-mail Address: lubnaahad3@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

700
Social Spider Algorithm for Internet of Things for Energy
Efficient Routing
Issmat Shah Masoodi£, M. Tariq Banday, Mudasir Ahmad Dar
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-681

Abstract

In Internet of Things, devices embedded with sensors sense the data and transmit unprocessed or after
processing over the network. The fast growth of such devices has raised concerns on the energy
consumption. Imbued by the fact of achieving friendly and sustainable environment for Internet of
Things, the present work focuses on evaluation and discussion of various strategies that provide powerful
results in minimizing the energy consumption. In this paper inefficiency of devices used in Internet of
Things (IoT) and various policies for energy efficient sensing, energy efficient transmission, etc. is
presented. Different strategies for the accomplishment of increasing network lifetime of IoT networks are
analyzed. Furthermore, it proposes an energy harvesting, energy efficient Social Spider routing protocol
for wireless sensor networks that improves energy efficiency with eco-friendly approach. This algorithm
is population-based and uses two fundamental components namely social members and communal web.
Depending on the fitness value, the spider senses and routes the data till the fitness value of another
becomes higher, accordingly next will overtake and we will obtain energy efficient environment. The
results obtained with this algorithm are compared with those of LEACH clustering algorithm and have
been found promising. In addition, the energy harvesting mechanism of extracting energy from the
surrounding environment are discussed.

Keywords: Green Iot, Wireless Sensor Network, Energy Harvesting Routing Protocol, LEACH Protocol.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697383556.
E-mail Address: idanne200@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

701
Stochastic Computing and Its Challenges
Romisa Akhtar£, Farooq A. Khanday
Deptt of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-717

Abstract

Recent developments in the field of electronics included the introduction of novel nanoscale devices.
However, due to the reliability problems with these nanoscale devices, scientists are moving from the
conventional deterministic computing towards a fundamentally different technique that is probabilistic
in nature, namely, Stochastic Computing. Stochastic computing is an emerging computing technique that
was invented in 1960’s as a low cost alternative to conventional binary computing. It is unique in the sense
that it represents and processes information in the form of probabilities. In stochastic computing,
numbers are represented by random bit-streams known as stochastic signals that are interpreted as
probabilities. The main attraction at the time of invention of stochastic computing was that it enables low
cost implementation of arithmetic operations using standard logic elements. In addition to their
simplicity, stochastic circuits are error tolerant. Stochastic computing provides a significant increase in
the parallelism and the reliability of the systems. The main challenges of stochastic computing include
the development of an optimized random number generator (used in the generation of stochastic signals)
as it occupies most of the integration area or consume a large amount of logical elements. In addition to
this, the length of bit stream of a stochastic signal grows exponentially with precision which certainly will
increase the computation time. In addition, correlation among the stochastic signals leads to unexpected
results. Hence, there is a need of de-correlating these signals which requires additional hardware. In this
work, the basic principles of stochastic logic and its variants are introduced. In addition, the several issues
of stochastic computing will be highlighted and possible solutions will also be presented. Finally, the
implementation of various functions in unsigned classical stochastic logic and the problems associated
with stochastic circuits is presented.

Keywords: Binary Computing, Fault Tolerance, Probabilistic Representation, Stochastic Computing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825022712.
E-mail Address: romisaakhtar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

702
Studies of Size Reduction of Microstrip Patch Antenna
Anirban Bhattacharya£1, Partha Pratim Sarkar
1
Department of Electronics, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, India.
2
University of Kalyani, India.
JKSC-1272

Abstract

Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of the dielectric substrate which has a
ground plane on the other side. With the development of wireless system, microstrip patch antenna get
more importance in the present days due to their low profile, low cost, light weight, case of fabrication.
Antenna size reduction is an important factor with the increasing demand of small scale system. For this
purpose, the design is to focus on the reduction of size of the rectangular microstrip antenna. In this
paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with slits on patch is proposed to reduce the size of the
antenna. This rectangular patch is printed on dielectric substrate (FR4 EPOXY) of permittivity 4.4 and
thickness 1.6 mm. Initially, when no slit is present on the radiating patch, the resonant frequency is
recorded at 8.05 GHz. When slits are introduced on patch, resonant frequency is observed at 4.70 GHz as
well as multi bands operation are observed. A frequency shift of 8.05 GHz to 4.70 GHz is observed in this
paper. The main contribution of this paper is the antenna size reduction of 65.89% which is truly
encouraging. The antenna is designed and simulated by ANSOFT designer (version 2.2) software. The
simulated resonant frequency is in uniformity with the analytical results.

Keywords: Microstrip, Size Reduction, Patch, Slit.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9830548496.
E-mail Address: bh.anirban@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

703
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag: Porous Carbon
Nanocomposites for Sensor Application
Sharief Ud Din Khan£1, M. Arora2
1
Department of Electronics, Govt. Degree College Bemina Srinagar, India.
2
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India.
JKSC-466

Abstract

Silver: Porous Carbon (APC) composites have been prepared by using different concentration of silver
nitrate precursor (10 to 50 wt.%) and characterized the formed composites by various techniques to
establish a correlation between the filler concentration with respect to the structural, optical, thermal,
electrical and morphological attributes. FTIR spectra show the presence of Ag in porous carbon (PC)
matrix whereas XRD pattern confirms the incorporation of Ag particles in the chain structure of PC matrix
and indicate the improvement in polycrystalline behavior by the appearance of more diffraction peaks
with increased intensity on increasing AgNO3 concentration in the composites. SEM images reveal the
uniform dispersion and increased densification of Ag particles in PC matrix. Infrared transmission spectra
recorded in 4000 †“400 cm-1 region shows the characteristic peaks of PC bonding groups with the minor
shift in their position due to Ag loading. UV-VIS spectroscopy has been used in the evaluation band gap
energy and their variation with increase in silver particles concentration. The direct energy band gap of
film decreased from 2.12 to 1.12 eV with an increase in the concentration of the dopant, which further
indicated an increase in ionic conductivity. The indirect energy band gap of film also decreases from 2.08
eV to 1.2 eV with increasing dopant concentration. Thermogravimetric (TG) curves of Ag/PC composites
exhibit a multistep thermal decomposition with no sharp transition between steps. The electrical
measurements show that at 25 -50 wt% of Ag loading composite display much lower resistivity (107 Ω/Sq)
compared to porous carbon (109 Ω/Sq). The variation of dielectric parameters with frequency have been
explained in terms of the relaxation time; at low frequencies, the electric dipoles have sufficient time to
align with the field before the field changes its direction; consequently, the dielectric constant is high. At
high frequencies, the dielectric constant value decreases due the shorter time available for dipoles. These
materials are found suitable for biosensing application.

Keywords: Silver, Porous Carbon, Sensor.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697404977.
E-mail Address: skhanphysics@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

704
System on Chip Design Challenges and Solutions
Zeeshan Shafi£
Deptt of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1687

Abstract

Pervasive and ubiquitous computing which enables computation, storage, and communications services
to appear everywhere and anytime is a promising paradigm in human’s daily life. It requires seamless
integration and interaction of heterogeneous and complex systems under the umbrella of the Internet of
Things (IoT). The IoT devices sense, collect, and transmit important information from their surroundings.
This exchange of huge amount of information amongst billions of devices creates a massive energy need
and thus has led to an increase in the carbon footprint. Therefore, new energy aware architectures and
scheduling of renewable energy resources are increasingly drawing developmental efforts in order to
shape an environmentally sustainable Green world for the next decade. Green IoT envisions the concept
of reducing the energy consumption of IoT devices and making the environment safe. Inspired by
achieving a sustainable environment for IoT, this paper reviews the need and requirement of Green
Internet of Things, explores and discusses how various enabling technologies (such as the Internet, smart
objects, sensors, etc.) can be efficiently deployed to achieve Green IoT. The paper also evaluates the
strategies such as designing energy efficient data centers, energy efficient transmission of data from
sensors, and design of energy efficient policies that can be used to minimize the energy consumption in
IoT. Further, the paper critically analyses the green IoT strategies and proposes some ideas that can be
adopted to achieve Green IoT.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Green IoT, Data Center, Carbon Footprint, Smart Objects, Sensors.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419037400.
E-mail Address: zeeshanshafi.75@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

705
The Green Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling
Technologies
Tazmeen Nazir Mattoo£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-563

Abstract

Pervasive and ubiquitous computing which enables computation, storage, and communications services
to appear everywhere and anytime is a promising paradigm in human’s daily life. It requires seamless
integration and interaction of heterogeneous and complex systems under the umbrella of the Internet of
Things (IoT). The IoT devices sense, collect, and transmit important information from their surroundings.
This exchange of huge amount of information amongst billions of devices creates a massive energy need
and thus has led to an increase in the carbon footprint. Therefore, new energy aware architectures and
scheduling of renewable energy resources are increasingly drawing developmental efforts in order to
shape an environmentally sustainable Green world for the next decade. Green IoT envisions the concept
of reducing the energy consumption of IoT devices and making the environment safe. Inspired by
achieving a sustainable environment for IoT, this paper reviews the need and requirement of Green
Internet of Things, explores and discusses how various enabling technologies (such as the Internet, smart
objects, sensors, etc.) can be efficiently deployed to achieve Green IoT. The paper also evaluates the
strategies such as designing energy efficient data centers, energy efficient transmission of data from
sensors, and design of energy efficient policies that can be used to minimize the energy consumption in
IoT. Further, the paper critically analyses the green IoT strategies and proposes some ideas that can be
adopted to achieve Green IoT.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Green IoT, Data Center, Carbon Footprint, Smart Objects, Sensors.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419296420.
E-mail Address: tazmeen.mattoo@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

706
Opportunities to Address Security Challenges on the IoT Node
Side
Ishfaq Sultan£, M. Tariq Banday, Javeed Iqbal Reshi
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1653

Abstract

The spatial ubiquity and the huge number of employed nodes monitoring the surroundings, individuals
and devices makes security a key challenge in IoT. Serious security apprehensions are evolving in terms
of data authenticity, integrity and confidentiality. It is typically necessary to assure that the data and the
sender are authentic, the data has been sent unadulterated, and oftentimes data needs to be
incomprehensible from an unintended receiver. Consequently, IoT requires security to be assured down
to the hardware level, as the authenticity and the integrity need to be guaranteed in terms of the hardware
implementation of each IoT node. Due to the stringent power and cost requirements traditional security
schemes such as public key cryptography is not viable in most of IoT nodes. Physically Unclonable
Functions (PUFs) replace the conventional key storage, as they do not really store information since they
recreate the keys only while the chip is being powered on and hence offer superior robustness against
invasive attacks. Compared to extrinsic key storage, PUFs are able to generate intrinsic keys, and are far
less susceptible against physical attacks. Indeed, keys are not actually stored on chip, but are recreated on
demand through circuit techniques that are sensitive to random variations, and insensitive to systematic
or fully correlate variations. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have drawn considerable attention
due to their ability to economically introduce hardware-level security into individual silicon dice and have
already been implemented in a few commercial products. This paper introduces the notion of Physically
Unclonable Functions, their scenarios for hardware security in IoT devices, and their interaction with
traditional cryptography.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Public Key Cryptography, Physically Unclonable Functions (Pufs).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +917006281319.
E-mail Address: ishfaqsultan9088@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

707
SEFDM-A new signal processing scheme for e-health
Ifrah Afzal£, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1664

Abstract

The growth of mobile users, demand for higher data rate, limited available bandwidth, highly reliable
communication, low latency, newer data services etc. are some of the factors that have led to the of growth
and use of different generations of mobile communications. In 4G standard, multicarrier technique OFDM
is used but owing to certain flaws in this technique research work is going on newer generations of mobile
communication. This has resulted in the emphasis on concept of 5G which is expected to be standardized
by 2020. In this paper we introduced new signal processing technique for 5G known as Spectrally Efficient
Frequency Division Multiplexing (SEFDM). The main emphasis has been given on e-health system, one
of the emerging areas in millimeter wave communications or 5G. The higher data rate is not the only
requirement of e-health; it also requires reliable communication as well as lower latency (few
milliseconds). These criteria are satisfied using the proposed scheme in which the subcarriers are non-
orthogonal with each other. Newer, faster and beneficial applications are emerging in e-health in terms
of treatment, diagnostics, data analysis etc., which can be implemented using SEFDM. Hence in the
context of future e-health, SEFDM will offer remarkably reliable communication as well as lower latency
as compared to existing signal processing techniques.

Keywords: OFDM, e-health, SEFDM, Latency, 5G.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596509825.
E-mail Address: shahifrah9228@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

708
A Study of IEEE STD 802.15.4 and its Development
Aiman Latif£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1669

Abstract

In current scenario, sensors are ubiquitous around the world, and are integrated with rest of the
technologies to make it more suitable i.e. cost effective & less power consumptive. Therefore, IEEE 802.15.4
standard was developed and is used to address the simple, less data sphere of sensor networks. It was
basically built for the low power and lossy networks. The IEEE 802.15.4 includes the PHY, MAC layers and
other Upper layers, thereby making it a multi layered approach. The PHY layer employs Carrier Sense
Multiple Access (CSMA) with Collision Avoidance (CA) which makes the standard more efficient in
wireless networks. Also, with the reduced header size, the communication is highly ergonomic and packet
size is very less compared to the IP packet. The MAC layer generates the network beacons which allow
our sensors to connect with the available devices & also generates the timing of signals for TDMA
networks. This paper deals with implication of the different layers and their combination and coordination
resulting to the ergonomics of this standard and the prudent improvements because of ZigBee Networks
and other standards. The later section of the paper also deals with the integration of IPv6 with IEEE STD
802.15.4 and results in a smooth environment of communication & processing. Moreover, the
contemporary updates which are taking place will also have brought into limelight.

Keywords: IEEE STD 802.15.4, MAC, PSK, ZIGBEE, IPv6.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622646854.
E-mail Address: yraemyx@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

709
Techniques of Node Localization in Wireless Sensor
Networks: A Review
Faheem Shafi£, M. Tariq Banday
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1670

Abstract

Wireless sensor network is the interconnection of multiple nodes that are used to monitor certain physical
entity such as humidity, temperature, pressure, etc. An important factor in WSN network is localization
problem, which is common to all wireless sensor networks. As WSNs are having wider application range
like military, industrial, etc. but without having any prior knowledge of localization, it may not be useful
to completely obtaining information regarding certain physical entity. From the beginning of WSNs, the
localization plays an important role. Localization is defined as obtaining the position of sensor nodes with
the help of anchor or beacon nodes. Also global positioning system (GPS) or manually configuring
positions are used but it may be impractical for conjected networks. The possible solution to address this
problem is to make use of various localization techniques which involves various algorithms to obtain
location of sensor nodes and is also very economical. Localization process is important for giving
authenticity, route, and network coverage for randomly distributed networks. Location information uses
the various localization techniques which involves algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO),
Biogeography- based optimization (BBO), etc. This paper addresses the first two optimization techniques
in a broader manner. Also, addresses the performance of PSO and BBO. Further, this paper focus on Bee
optimization algorithm and concludes with the parameters used for localization such as accuracy and
precision, scalability, etc. which provides knowledge of performance for various node localization
techniques.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Localization Algorithms, Learning, Range, Beacon Node, Anchor Nodes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622508436.
E-mail Address: fshafi3@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

710
Efficient Design of Filter Bank based on Cosine Modulation
Zaffer Iqbal£, Javaid A. Sheikh
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1671

Abstract

In this paper, a brief review and description about the methods in which the multi-rate filters, two channel
filter bank, M-channel filter banks and poly phase networks are recognized in various fields of digital
communication system. The multi-rate digital filters banks are economical and simpler as compared to
previously described common filters. Today, the wireless community has begun to explore other advanced
multicarrier modulation techniques for use in 5G systems, with Filter Bank Multicarrier Modulation
(FBMC). Multi rate filter banks have appeared as an essential field of research due to its number of
applications in numerous fields such as image compression, filter bank multicarrier systems (FBMC),
digital communication, image processing etc. Among the various types of multichannel filter banks such
as tree structured, parallel and cosine modulated filter banks, cosine modulated based filter bank (CMFB)
is often exploited due to its efficient design system. In cosine modulated FB, only one sample filter is
required to design efficiently, and then the rest of other filters are derived using cosine modulation.
Primarily, the effort was focused on the efficient design of two-channel filter bank and later on, it was
extended to multichannel filter banks. Among all multichannel filter banks, cosine-modulated filter banks
(CMFBs) are one of the repeatedly used filter bank due to their simpler and more realizable design
structure. As similar as QMF banks, several competent techniques have also been proposed to design
CMFBs efficiently as the filter and FBs have become the most fundamental systems applicable in various
systems among multi rate systems. In this paper, a review on multi rate systems and multiplier-less cosine
modulated filter bank design is presented for specified stop band attenuation (As) and channel
overlapping. We hope that this paper will help both academic as well as industrial researchers at one
place.

Keywords: Digital Signal Processing, Filter Banks, Multi-Rate, Poly Phase, Sampling Rate, Cosine-Modulated filter
Banks.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797896561.
E-mail Address: iqbalzaffer01@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

711
Merging Cloud with IoT (Internet of Things)
Syed Saalim Shabir Bukhari£, Shabir A. Parah
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1673

Abstract

This is the era of IoT (Internet of Things), where the Internet apart from computers, cell phones, and
tablets is also in automobiles, households, shoes, clothes, pens, among many other objects. IoT provides
a communication link between the real and the virtual world aiding in visualizing through sensors. It has
revolutionized the way of living by making it faster, easier and more efficient that too without the human
interference. There are many companies that are emerging with the aim of establishing projects related
to IoTs. By 2022 there will be 30 billion connected objects which generate almost 60trillion gigabytes of
data. By one estimate, there will be 6,000 GBs of data for every human on the planet by 2022.To support
all the data we would need to deploy about 400 application servers per day (or 160,000 servers per year).
Since internal infrastructure of any company will hardly have the capacity to store and process this high
data demand. Also having these servers in the house needs more time and a huge investment because
maintaining an internal Data Center is very expensive. Cloud computing is certainly a good way of
addressing these requirements. Cloud Computing has a strong and flexible infrastructure of high
performance, and have data centers that are maintained and prepared to receive a large amount of data
and applications, with high-speed processing. In this work we will discuss the emerging need of merging
cloud with IoT. Furthermore, the additional advantage of cloud over the conventional IoT storage
technology like disaster recovery, elastic and scalability, security, environmental compatibility etc. will be
highlighted.

Keywords: IOT (Internet of Things), Communication Link, Cloud Computing, Application Servers.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622436759.
E-mail Address: syedsaalim.ss@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

712
Innovative Low-Cost Solar Dryers
A.A. Balkhi1£, G. M. Mir2, N.A. Lala3
1
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2,3
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, SKUAST, Shalimar, India.
JKSC-1674

Abstract

Wireless sensor network is the interconnection of multiple nodes that are used to monitor certain physical
entity such as humidity, temperature, pressure, etc. An important factor in WSN network is localization
problem, which is common to all wireless sensor networks. As WSNs are having wider application range
like military, industrial, etc. but without having any prior knowledge of localization, it may not be useful
to completely obtaining information regarding certain physical entity. From the beginning of WSNs, the
localization plays an important role. Localization is defined as obtaining the position of sensor nodes with
the help of anchor or beacon nodes. Also global positioning system (GPS) or manually configuring
positions are used but it may be impractical for conjected networks. The possible solution to address this
problem is to make use of various localization techniques which involves various algorithms to obtain
location of sensor nodes and is also very economical. Localization process is important for giving
authenticity, route, and network coverage for randomly distributed networks. Location information uses
the various localization techniques which involves algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO),
Biogeography- based optimization (BBO), etc. This paper addresses the first two optimization techniques
in a broader manner. Also, addresses the performance of PSO and BBO. Further, this paper focus on Bee
optimization algorithm and concludes with the parameters used for localization such as accuracy and
precision, scalability, etc. which provides knowledge of performance for various node localization
techniques.

Keywords: Solar Dryer, Playhouse, Cultivation, Efficiency, Crop.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419076881.
E-mail Address: altaf_ae@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

713
Performance Evaluation of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
(NOMA)Using Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)
Madiha Showkat£, Javaid A Sheikh
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1701

Abstract

Traditionally different multiple access techniques have been employed in wireless communication for
achieving spectrally efficient transmission in broadband and high speed wireless networks and
multicarrier communications. The interference among the carriers is a challenge. The proposed technique
is to support enhanced delay sensitive high volume services e. g cloud computing. Moreover, the proposed
scheme is quite helpful in systems which are energy efficient and resilient to natural disasters. Mobile
networks next generation demand low density spreading based system. Certain no. of chips is required
for each user so that effective channel matrix is sparse. Practical considerations like finite size modulation
and convolution coding are taken into account so as to improve the proposed analysis with accuracy. For
evaluation of NOMA, we use LDPC (LOW DENSITY PARITY CHECK). It is one of the most efficient way
to check the efficiency. It is used to check efficiency over a noisy channel and simultaneously check the
results. A model of LDPC codes on MATLAB is provided which gives the simulation results.

Keywords: LDPC, NOMA, Cloud Computing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796991858.
E-mail Address: madiha@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

714
Micro-System Tools for Brain Mapping: Current Technology
and Trends
Syed Tooba Shamim Andrabi£, Neeraj Tripathi
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India.
JKSC-1191

Abstract

Micro-system technology produces micro sensors having synergy between microelectronics and
mechanical parts. These sensors have mechanical portion to sense and VLSI circuitry for electrical
interaction. Since, VLSI fabrication has wide applications due to small size and mass fabrication.
Therefore, micro-sensors have the advantage of being small and versatile. Its small size offers quick
response and larger sensitivity. Modern development in the field of micro-fabrication, device modeling
has enabled a better integration between micro-electronics and mechanical part. Such devices are also
called as Micro-electro Mechanical system (MEMs). MEMs devices may require lower power for its
operation. Recently such devices are widely used in treating brain diseases e.g., Parkinson's disease, stress
related migraine etc.
Naturally, knowing the brain signals precisely can help to treat many diseases. Researchers have shown
that neuro-feedback technique can be employed to calibrate the response of a neurological disordered
person. The technique of learning the activities of brain neurons through a micro-chip is widely used in
brain mapping. Many psychiatric diseases can be addressed through brain mapping e.g., depression,
chronic pain, obsessive compulsive disorder, sleep disorder etc. The deep part of the brain may be
energized by the application of electrical pulses provided through a micro-electrode. This technique is
called as "Deep Brain Stimulation" (DBS). In this paper, MEMs devices and their applications in the field
of Brain research are discussed. This paper also explores various kinds of micro-electrode arrays, micro-
grids, micro-wires etc. The operation of these devices is explained to understand their applications.

Keywords: Brain Research, Micro-Electrode, MEMs, Micro-Stimulation, Brain mapping.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 8491962897.
E-mail Address: syedtooba91@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

715
Engineering Sciences
718
A CFD Approach for Assessment of Sediment Erosion on
Dulhasti Power Station Runner
Junaid Hassan Masoodi1£, G. A. Harmain2, Mohammad Zehab Din3, Ishfaq Makayei4
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2,3,4
National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-472

Abstract

The present work addresses the problem of erosion of Francis runner of Dulhasti Power Station (DPS),
located in the Himalayan belt of J&K in India by using CFD approach. The CFD analysis were carried out
on the DPS Francis runner, at varying particle size and concentration using ANSYS 18 turbo system. The
hydraulic performance values of DPS runner at the design load were observed and the changes in relative
velocity of DPS runner from (with no swirls in the blade passage) leading edge to trailing edge of blade
and from hub end to shroud end along the trailing edge of blade surface. Therefore, highest relative
velocity can be seen around the shroud end of runner blade at trailing edge. The empirical erosion model
used in the present study is the Tabakoff, model for the quartz-steel combination. The wear patterns
observed on the Francis runner reveals that the erosion is due to high relative velocity, which increases
from inlet to the outlet of Francis runner blade and the large sediment concentration of river Chenab
(about 500 to 600 ppm), for the power station under consideration. Similar erosion patterns were also
observed during the practical inspection and measurement of DPS runner.

Keywords: Francis Runner, CFD, Sediment Erosion, Relative Velocity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596503735.
E-mail Address: junaidmasoodi@uok.edu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

719
A New Approach to Design Low Power and High Frequency
Ring Oscillators Using Cascaded Pseudo N-type GNRFET
Inverters
Umar Mohammad£, Mohd Yusuf Yasin
Integral University, Lucknow, India.
JKSC-993

Abstract

A new study confirming the implementation of low power ring oscillators using the Nano Material-
Graphene have been presented in this paper. In Literature we came across various techniques, which show
the implementation of ring oscillators using bulk CMOS, but very rare references are seen quoted with
nanomaterials like CNTFET, GNRFET, TMDFET etc. The design presented here, was implement using
graphene material, only because of its remarkable electrical, thermal and optical features like high charge
carrier mobility, zero gap semiconductor and greater thermal conductivity. Cascaded inverter scheme has
been adopted for the realization of the proposed ring oscillators. The presented design of the ring
oscillators using n-type Pseudo GNRFET yields the features corresponding design-simplicity, Low voltage
bias working, low power requirements and High frequency oscillation output. One more benefit of the
proposed oscillator is that, it can be used as Voltage Controlled oscillator (VCO) and Current controlled
oscillator (ICO), the reason being the use of pseudo N-type GRNFET transistors. The final Simulation &
various observations of the proposed oscillator were done on the HSPICE Tool and a catalog of satisfying
results were obtained. VCO/ICO finds application in the various areas of communication systems, signal
processing as well as signal synthesis designs.

Keywords: Ring Oscillators, Graphene Transistors, Pseudo N-Type GNRFET, VCO, ICO , Low Power Oscillator Design.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9491429884.
E-mail Address: umarnaik@iul.ac.in.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

720
A Review of the Use of Insulation Materials in Cold Regions
Ayaz Ahmed£, Adnan Qayoum, Fasil Qayoom Mir
NIT, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1420

Abstract

The building sector (together with the industrial sector) has become the world dominant energy consumer
with 28% of the overall energy consumption. The most of this consumption comes from heating and air-
conditioning systems which ensure thermal comfort of the occupants. This comfort depends on the
desired physiological state for which people can have the feeling of heat or cold. This comfort feeling is,
in part, controlled by heat exchange between the body and the environment. In low temperature regions
of Jammu and Kashmir (Kashmir, Leh, Drass, etc.) where the winter temperature is as low as -40oC, large
amount of energy in the form of heat, electrical etc. is being consumed to maintain temperature for
thermal comfort. The most important design parameters affecting indoor thermal comfort and energy
conservation in building scale are orientation, building form and thermos-physical properties of building
envelope. All of these parameters are related to each other and the optimum value of each parameter
should be determined depending on the values of the other parameters. Building form is one of the most
important components with respect to total heat loss of the whole building and overall heat transfer
coefficient (U-value) determines heat loss through the building envelope. There are numerous studies on
thermal insulation analysis of residential buildings. The effectiveness of thermal insulation is dependent
on its thermal conductivity (k-value). The objective of this paper is to highlight the need of insulation
materials and their role in preventing the heat loss. Various thermal insulation materials including both
conventional and un-conventional have been discussed. The paper further highlights the environmental
and health aspect of insulation materials including Glass wool, Sheep wool, Hemp, Jute Flux, Textile
Fibers, etc. Literature shows that the naturally occurring insulation materials exhibit better insulation
properties with less environment and health hazardous effects as compared to the synthetic insulation
materials.

Keywords: Energy Saving, Cold Region, Insulation Material, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Comfort, Environmental
Aspect.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9107844775.
E-mail Address: ayaznitj@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

721
Analysis and Development of Traffic Stream Parameters for
Heterogeneous Traffic in Srinagar city, Jammu and Kashmir-
A Case Study
Tazim Ameen£, Asif Ahmad Bhat, Muttahir Hussain
Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India.
JKSC-340

Abstract

A significant part of the world, especially in most of the Asian countries, has heterogeneous traffic stream
characterized by diverse vehicles, changing composition, lack of lane discipline, etc., resulting in a very
complex behavior. The roads in J & K are constructed on European equation of homogeneous traffic and
different LOS, which are not applicable to heterogeneous traffic of Srinagar. So, there is a need to model
the new equation for heterogeneous traffic for Srinagar roads. Due to heterogeneity in the traffic mixes of
urban roads, various problems like congestion, reduction in speed, delay etc. arises. Moreover, vehicle
composition and change in carriageway width along the roadway also affects the traffic stream
characteristics significantly. This paper reviews the traffic flow characteristics of main roads of Srinagar
Kashmir. Collection of traffic data such as measurement of flow, density and traffic stream speed was done
using manual method. Such kind of analysis of heterogeneous traffic streams is important because the
need for understanding of heterogeneous mixes will grow in the future due to their presence in developing
world.

Keywords: Traffic Stream, Heterogeneous Traffic, Vehicle Composition, Carriageway Width, Level Of Service (LOS).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906875046.
E-mail Address: sanj001.ta@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

722
Ceramic Electrolytes for Li-S batteries
Mir Mehraj Ud Din£
High Energy Density Batteries Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, India.
JKSC-1573

Abstract

Application of liquid electrolyte in Li-S batteries although favors the cell reaction however its irreparable
damage to metallic lithium anode has been a long-standing problem which impedes the practical
realization of this battery system. The method of integrating ceramic electrolytes with sulfurized cathode
for high energy density Li metal batteries has reflected as a promising strategy in recent times to mitigate
the issues of intermediate product shuttling and Li corrosion. In this work we demonstrate the application
of Li based garnet ceramic electrolytes as filter-membranes for sulfur cathode based higher energy density
Li metal batteries. Garnets were synthesized via solid state reaction route and the composite cathodes via
melt diffusion technique. The compatibility of Li garnet ceramics was verified by stacking the symmetric
cells consisting of garnet membranes sandwiched between two Li discs. Results suggested that the garnets
electrolytes with large electrochemical window are highly stable against metallic lithium. Exciting
properties of Li garnets suggest that these solids could be potential contenders for next generation all-
solid-state battery applications. This study looks at the various perspectives of a sulfurized batteries in the
light of growing energy demand and fast depleting nonrenewable energy resources. High energy density
Li-S cell carries a promise of powering devices beyond portable electronic devices, which is the need of
hour. However, to realize this, many challenges need to be overcome.

Keywords: Ceramic Electrolytes, Li Metal, Li-S Battery, High Energy Density.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7598628354.
E-mail Address: mirmehraj091@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

723
Characterization of TiO2-H2O Nanofluids for Use in Solar
Collectors
Ovais Gulzar1£, Adnan Qayoum2, Rajat Gupta3
1,2
National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
3
National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1194

Abstract

Nanofluids are being widely adopted in various heat transfer applications including automobile radiators,
heat exchangers and solar collectors. These are the suspensions of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles
in various thermal fluids. In this paper, the TiO 2 nanoparticles have been used to enhance the properties
of water which is a commonly used thermal fluid. These TiO 2-H2O nanofluids are prepared by varying
dosages of TiO2 at 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% (by weight) using two step preparation technique. Further,
the samples have been subjected to ultrasonication using probe sonicator to break the agglomeration and
increase dispersion of nanoparticles. Further to increase the stability and ensure better dispersion
consistently, CTAB was used as surfactant at very low concentrations (0.01%). Stable TiO2-H2O nanofluids
were characterized for various thermo-physical properties. It was found that the thermal conductivity
increases with the increase in nanoparticle concentration. The increase in thermal conductivity increases
the overall heat transfer coefficient and ensures efficient heating of thermal fluid inside the collector pipes.
Further, the variation of viscosity with temperature and nanoparticle concentration was studied. An
increase in viscosity was found with increasing TiO2-nanoparticle concentration as well as with decreasing
temperature. However, viscosity enhancements are bare minimum at high temperature and almost equal
to the viscosity of base fluid. It can be concluded that TiO 2-H2O nanofluids enhance the heat transfer
coefficient and provide rise in the overall efficiency of the solar collector. These nanofluids can be used
for applications in solar collectors and other fluid based heat transfer systems.

Keywords: Nanofluids, Solar Collectors, Thermal Conductivity, Brownian Motion, Rheology, Heat Transfer
Coefficient.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797126196.
E-mail Address: bhatovais@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

724
Coactivation of Knee Muscles in Sit-Stand-Sit Task
Siddharth Bhardwaj£, Abid Ali Khan, Mohammad Muzammil
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim Univerisity, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-551

Abstract

The world’s population is ageing. People aged 60 and older make up 12.3 per cent of the global population,
and by 2050, that number will rise to almost 22 per cent. With the rapid increase in elderly population,
the concern towards wellbeing for the elderly is rapidly rising, thus demanding assistive devices for
supporting the daily life activities. Standing from seated position (sit-to-stand) and sitting from a standing
position (stand-to-sit) tasks have been recognized as one of the basic daily life activity. While performing
these tasks, the body passes through unstable postures requiring neuro-muscular control to successfully
complete these postural transfers. With aging, there occurs decrement in muscle strength and joint range
of motion, causing difficulty in accomplishing these tasks. In recent years use of robotic cum assistive
devices have been advocated for gait, however very few robotic devices have been devised for sit-to-stand
and stand-to-sit transfers and even lesser devise that utilizes human intention in the form of bio signals
for these tasks in particular. In the present study Electromyography (EMG) activities of biceps femoris and
vastus lateralis muscles has been studied on nine healthy participants in a sit-stand-sit task. The objective
was to investigate the EMG activity patterns for the development of EMG based sit-to-stand and stand-
to-sit assistive devices.

Keywords: EMG, Ageing, Rehabilitation Robotics, Sit To Stand, Knee, Assistive Devices.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9045272297.
E-mail Address: siddharth.bhardwaj@live.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

725
Comparison of Different Evapotranspiration models for Gala
Red Variety of Apples in Kashmir Valley
Mehlath Shah£, Rohitashw Kumar, Anaum Chishti, Midhat Fazil
SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India.
JKSC-246

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in high density Apple (gala red) orchard of SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar.
To identify the most suitable reference evapotranspiration model for the local agro-climatic conditions,
six different reference evapotranspiration models viz. Modified Penman, Penman-Montieth, Blaney-
Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, Priestley-Taylor and Pan Evaporation were used. FAO recommended crop
coefficient values were modified for local agro-climatic conditions and their values for initial, mid and end
stages of crop were found to be 0.65, 1.00, and 0.75 respectively. It was found that Modified Penman
equation best matched with Penman-Monteith equation which was taken as standard. The statistical
errors of crop evapotranspiration were found as R2: 0.98, RMSE: 0.07 mm/day and MBE: 0.16 mm/day
which shows good agreement. The analysis indicated that the Blaney-Criddle equation had the second-
best performance (R2 = 0.97, RMSE = 0.14 mm/day and MBE = 0.22 mm/day) among the other methods.

Keywords: Blaney-Criddle, High Density Apples, Evapotranspiration, Modified Penman, Penman-Monteith.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7051597506.
E-mail Address: mehlath.shah02@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

726
Development and Testing of Step Expanding Saffron Corm
Grader
Syed Nuzhat Fazil£, Syed Midhat Fazil
SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-229

Abstract

The manually crank operated step expanding saffron corm grader was designed, developed and tested at
SKUAST-K Shalimar. Optimum values were determined for corm grading at different slope and speed.
The machine was designed with step expanding steel hollow pipes. At speeds of 90 and 60 rpm grading
efficiencies of 85.90% (damage = 12.47%) and 72.89% (damage = 5.24 %) were obtained, respectively.
Therefore, 60 rpm was selected as an optimum speed for grading. The grading capacity of 58.14 kg/hr and
43.32 kg/hr were obtained at speed of 90 rpm & 60 rpm respectively. The capacity of 43.32 kg/hr was
selected for evaluation of the developed grader because of less injury at speed 60 rpm as compared to that
of speed 90 rpm.

Keywords: Corm, Grader, Grading Efficiency, Injured Corm, Saffron, Slope, Speed, Step Expanding.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469371656.
E-mail Address: nuzuabu061317@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

727
Disturbance Rejection of a Single-Axis of a Quadcopter using
Lead Compensation
Danish Rafiq1£, Adil Showkat2, Suhail Majeed3, Vaqar Ahmed4, Shahkar A. Nehvi5,
Majid H. Koul6
1
Department Of Electrical Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, India.
Department Of Electrical Engineering, IUST, Awanatipora, India.
2,3,4,5

6
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUST, Awantipora, India.
JKSC-1528

Abstract

A quad-rotor also called a quadcopter helicopter or quad-copter is a multi-rotor helicopter that is lifted
and propelled by four rotors. These machines use an independent variation of the speed of each rotor to
achieve control. The study presents a simplified approach for modelling a single axis of a Quadcopter and
designing a low-cost Quadcopter flight controller for its proper stabilization. It also involved creating a
test-setup for the application of black-box estimation and control algorithm. The work was carried out in
4 stages: 1) Data acquisition via serial communication 2) Data-driven modelling using system
identification 3) Controller design to achieve the desired transient specifications and 4) Validation of the
control scheme. It also included comprehending the associated control challenges and in the process
learning how to implement classical control design on a real-world problem. At the end of the study, it
was observed that the Lead controller designed using the classical control design effectively reduces the
settling time of the Roll-Axis when a step change in disturbance is given to the system.

Keywords: Control Education, Quadcopter, Controller Design, System Identi Cation, Single-Axis Stabilization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298253248.
E-mail Address: danishrafiq32@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

728
Disaster Management in Power System
Loveneesh Talwar, Sakshi Sharma£, Mudabir Ajaj Peerzada
Department of Electrical Engineering, YCET, Jammu, J&K, India.
JKSC-1643

Abstract

The ultimate goal in power system is to provide consumers a certain degree of continuity and quality of
services. Modern civilization collapse when electrical power supply comes to halt. There may be several
issues related to it. The paper particularly focuses on the power supply outages or the blackout caused
due to Natural & Manmade Disasters. Natural Disasters like Earthquake, Avalanches & Snow fall,
lightning; Floods & Storms are unpredictable events while Manmade Disasters like Terrorism, Wars, and
Chemical Attacks appears as a serious threat to the power system supply. The paper will cover threats
&results of the power system disasters. Moreover, it also includes the emergency restoration of electrical
supply for the temporary basis for the continuity of electrical supply. It also deals with the awareness and
precautionary measures that must be taken care to avoid any risks of human lives includes the primitive’s
measures that must be informed to every individual about do’s and don’ts.

Keywords: Disasters Management, Natural & Manmade Disasters

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: sakshisharma069@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

729
Earthquake Saftey of Structures
Mueed Rasool Bhat£
Public Health Engineering Kashmir, J&K, India.
JKSC-603

Abstract

Earthquake resistant design of reinforced concrete buildings is a continuing area of research since the
earthquake engineering has started not only in India but in other developed countries also. The buildings
still damage due to some one or the other reason during earthquake. In spite of all the weaknesses in the
structure, either code imperfection or error in analysis and design, the structural configuration system has
played a vital role in catastrophe. The aftermath of an earthquake manifests great devastation due to
unpredicted seismic motion striking extensive damage to innumerable buildings of varying degree i.e.
either full or partial or slight. This damage to structures in turn causes irreparable loss of life with a large
number of causalities, as a result frightened occupants may refuse to enter the building unless assured of
the safety of building from future earth quake. It has been observed that majority of such earthquake
damaged buildings may be safely reused if they are converted into seismically resistant structures by
employing a few retrofitting measures. Two approaches are used for structure-level retrofitting;
1) Conventional method based on increasing the seismic resistance of existing structures.
2) Non-convention methods based on reduction of seismic demand.
A) Conventional methods;
1) Adding new shear walls;
2) Adding steel bracings;
3) Adding infill walls;
B) Non conventional methods;
1) Seismic base isolation;
2) Supplement damping devices;
3) Reinforced concrete jacketing;
The methods of retrofitting are divided into two categories, structural retrofitting and member
retrofitting. The methods for structural retrofitting are adding shear walls, adding steel bracing, adding
infill walls etc. In member retrofitting mostly concrete, steel, and FRP jacketing is used.
Before retrofitting any structure a comparative analysis like push over analysis etc has to be made depends
on effectiveness and cost of structure to see the actual behavior of structure during an earthquake to
prevent structural failure in order to save the costly human life.

Keywords: Seimic Safety, Shear Wall, Dampers, Base Isolation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +919906921840.
E-mail Address: mueedbhat@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

730
Emerging Technologies for Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures:
A Review
Asma Iqbal£, Syed Akhlaq Ahmad
Department of Chemical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
JKSC-550

Abstract

The separation of liquid mixtures is an important task in the process industry, and much research has
been carried out to meet the requirements of the industry. There are numerous techniques available for
separation of azeotropic mixtures. Of all the available liquid separation techniques, distillation stands as
the most widely applied/emerging technique in current scenario. Since distillation offers many processing
advantages and is well understood, it remains the preferred process whenever possible. Some of the
currently available enhanced technologies for the separation of azeotropic mixtures are broadly classified
into three main categories: i) enhanced distillation, ii) membrane processes and iii) process
intensification. All of these are emerging technologies in the field of separation processes. There are
several review articles in various journals and books chapters dealing with the separation of azeotropic
mixtures, elaborating their fundamental theories and applications. Here, a comprehensive review of the
available technologies is provided with elaboration of advantages and disadvantages of each method.
These emerging technologies have been used for separation of azeotropic mixtures containing
components which are hazardous to human as well as animal health, thereby impacting whole ecosystem.
There are reports cited in literature which confirm about the toxic nature of various azeotropic mixtures
discharged as effluents from different industries. Several azeotropic mixtures have resulted in
environmental concerns, some have carcinogenic nature, while as others have been found responsible for
causing cyanide poisoning etc. In nutshell, the azeotropic mixtures particularly formed with water have a
direct impact on human health; hence their treatment has become a topic of concern for the growing
researchers.

Keywords: Azeotropic Mixtures, Distillation Methods, Emerging Technologies, Industrial Effluents, Health Concerns.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7895675562.
E-mail Address: asma.rs@amu.ac.in.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

731
Friction and Wear Characteristics of ECL'S
Uzma Iqbal1£, M. F Wani2
1
College of Agricultural Engineering, SKUAST, Shalimar, India.
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-554

Abstract

With the advent of mechanization and automation lubricants had played a keen role providing adequate
protection against rust, water, humidity and dust. Conventional lubricants being costly are also prone to
their limited availability and in most scenarios can't be reused. High eco-toxicity and low biodegradability,
such lubricants make up a considerable threat to the environment. Alternatively, vegetable oils have high
potential to be used as lubricant and additive to replace conventional lubricants and additives.
Effectiveness of environmentally considerate lubricants (ECL’s) have been constantly advocated in past
many researches. When formulated with vegetable oils, these lubricants exhibit better lubricity, which
means reduced friction, less wear, a high viscosity index and high flash points for improved safety. Palm
oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and canola oil have been previously investigated under various
conditions of load and sliding velocity. These oil blends are found helpful in suppressing wear and
reducing coefficient of friction. The aim of present study is to investigate the Tribological properties of
mineral oil SAE 40 grade with additives i.e. Apricot oil, Almond oil and Artemisia annua. Coefficient of
friction and wear characteristics for the combination were evaluated. The results found indicated the
promising use of this blend at higher loads.

Keywords: Apricot Oil, Almond Oil, Artemisia Annua, ECL, SAE-40 Grade, Wear Characteristics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797936299.
E-mail Address: uzmajawahira@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

732
Groundwater Quality Modelling for Irrigation Appraisal
S.R. Kumar£
National Institute of Hydrology, Centre for Flood Management Studies, Patna (Bihar), India.
JKSC-409

Abstract

The sustainable development of groundwater resource requires precise quantitative assessment based on
reasonably valid scientific principles. Groundwater is an important resource for meeting the water
requirements for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial uses. Groundwater is annually replenishable
resource but its availability is non-uniform in space and time. As 55% of water demand for agriculture
and irrigation is met from groundwater, the assessment of regional water quality is important in
determining the feasibility of water use for the irrigation purposes. Good quality water helps maintaining
agricultural productivity and sustaining soil fertility. National Water Policy has also laid emphasis on
periodic assessment of water resources on scientific basis. The present work is employed in Guwahati,
capital city of Assam, Kamrup district, north east region of India under Brahmaputra basin. Thirty
groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for essentially required cations and anions to check
groundwater for irrigation suitability. The irrigational parameters like; Electrical Conductivity (EC),
Kelley's ratio, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values, Magnesium hazards and residual sodium carbonate
(RSC) have been worked out. Widely acceptable various irrigation suitability checks models like Kelley,
Wilcox, Eaton, Richard, Doneen, Szabolcs-Darab and Johnson-Zhang are tested to know the suitability of
the groundwater for irrigational purpose. Wilcox diagram model indicates that out of 30 samples, 26
samples belong to excellent-good category and Doneen diagram model revealed that 93.33 % of the
groundwater samples fall in Class I type. The plotting of SAR values in Richard’s US Salinity Laboratory
diagram model indicates that all the samples have low SAR value. Out of 30 samples, 18 samples (60 %)
are found in C2-S1 field. This implies that no alkali hazard is anticipated to the crops. This category is
suitable for irrigation purpose. The concentration of RSC is in the range of -8.685 to 0.379, indicating good
quality water for irrigation purpose. 26 sample (86.67%) have Magnesium Hazard >50 indicating moderate
to severe hazard to magnesium sensitive crops. The present work reveals that except Magnesium hazard,
groundwater of the study area is suitable for irrigation use. Finally, all these results are taken into a Surfer
software-based GIS platform and thematic maps are prepared using Krigging interpolation technique to
see the spatial variation of different irrigational quality parameters.

Keywords: Brahmaputra Basin, Assam, Guwahati, Groundwater Modelling, Irrigation Water Quality

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9435013167.
E-mail Address: srk9266@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

733
Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Bituminous Mixes in
Freeze-Thaw Areas
Ishfaq Mohi Ud Din Bhat£, Mohmmad Shafi Mir
Civil Engineering Department, NIT, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-538

Abstract

Flexible pavements degrade over time due to vehicular loading and environmental impacts on paving
materials. Rutting, Fatigue cracking and Low temperature cracking are the major distresses responsible
in degradation of the pavement materials and consequently leads to failure of flexible pavement. The
asphalt pavement is exposed to direct impacts of climate, environment and vehicles. Asphalt is a
thermoplastic material, so asphalt mixes are sensitive to temperature and have viscoelastic properties. In
recent years, thermal cracks and low temperature distresses have become key concern for asphalt
pavements in cold regions. Apparently, for a new asphalt pavement, even though there is no vehicle
loading or other artificial activities, deterioration also appears under climate and environment effects. It
is well-known that the pavement in cold weather regions suffer from more critical immature damages
than in the general regions. In case of rutting of asphalt mixtures, aggregate characteristics play an
important role whereas the properties of binder are more related to fatigue. It is also observed that coarse
aggregate characteristics provided a better correlation with resistance to damage than fine aggregate
characteristics. Although the properties of asphalt binder can have a great influence on the performance
of pavement, the role of aggregate gradation cannot be ignored in providing resistance to rutting and
reducing permanent deformation. Gradation has significant effects on asphalt mixture’s freeze-thaw
durability. This paper reviews research conducted on the various properties of bituminous mixes under
large-freeze thaw cycles especially rutting and fatigue. It also discusses work done on bituminous mixes
with different gradation in the cold regions.

Keywords: Fatigue, Rutting, Hot mix asphalt (HMA), Freeze-Thaw (F-T) cycle, Asphalt Concrete (AC).

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006575617.
E-mail Address: ishfaq_34phd17@nitsri.net.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

734
Low cost precision capacitance measurement device
Rouf Ul Alam Bhat£, Ghulam Mohuidin Bhat
Institute of Technology, Zakura Campus, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1219

Abstract

Instrumentation and measurements is an everlasting field of electronics and remains the touchstone for
every evolving technology. With the advancements in different fields of electronics the measurements and
instrumentation is bound to evolve. The state of art measurement devices must be highly accurate, precise
and of small form factor. Measurement of capacitance has been a research problem ever since, although
there are hundreds of methods for measuring capacitance, but there is a need to design and develop a
method which decreases the cost, increases the accuracy and precision. This paper describes a low-cost
realization of a precision capacitance measurement instrument. The method is based on an oscillator
whose frequency of oscillation is governed by the capacitance to be measured and the capacitance is
measured from the frequency of oscillation using a low cost microcontroller based platform.

Keywords: Capacitance Meter, LCR Meter, Capacitance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797720878.
E-mail Address: roufulalam@uok.edu.in.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

735
Mechanization by Self-Propelled Paddy Transplanter and
Reaper in Transplanting and Harvesting of Paddy in J&K
Shoaib Amin£, Jagvir Dixit
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Main Campus Shalimar, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-709

Abstract

The introduction of much needed appropriate machinery and latest technologies in agricultural
operations will allow to improve the efficiency of operations as well as reduce the cost of operation and
particularly increase the yield. Land holdings of farmers in J&K is 0.72ha (marginal) thus self-propelled
Paddy Transplanter (8-Row) and Reaper (Cutting width 1.5 meter) are suitable in Agricultural operations
in such conditions. Paddy Transplanter increases the yield by 10-15% by maintaining row-row and crop-
crop distance, reduces water consumption by 25-30%, increases area covered 3-4 times, reduces cost of
transplanting nearly half as compared to manual corresponding operations in paddy. While as Reaper
(cutting width of 1.5 m) covers an area of 1ha in 4 hours with field capacity of 0.25ha per hour, as compared
to manual harvesting by sickle require 160 man-hours to harvest paddy field of 1-hectare area that is 40
days (4 hrs. working as a day) for a man to harvest paddy of an area of one hectare that is cost of harvesting
by reaper is reduced by 35-45% as compared to manual sickle harvesting.

Keywords: Paddy Transplanter, Reaper, Field Capacity, Harvesting, Row-Row, Crop-Crop.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797062261.
E-mail Address: shoaibamin707@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

736
MEMS Devices for Human Welfare and Upliftment: A Critical
Study
Umayia Mushtaq£, Neeraj Tripathi
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India.
JKSC-1169

Abstract

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are the advanced technology to develop low cost, low size, high
performance medical devices. In the 21st century MEMS devices have gained prominence. MEMS devices
are fabricated in micron range and are quite popular in automotive industry as well. The popularity of
MEMS devices is due to small size, cost, sensitivity and low power consumption. A lot of research is being
done to offer new applications of MEMS devices in various fields, e.g., Biomedical (BioMEMS), defense,
automotive industry, agriculture etc. In this paper, a critical view is presented with applications in the
field of human healthcare and drug delivery. MEMS devices are being adapted for bio-implantation
devices. In drug delivery systems, micro needles are available which can be used for better drug delivery
and monitoring. Micro needles which are made of silicon, glass and metals are used to induce drugs inside
human body without pain. They actually avoid penetrating the layers of skin which contains neurons.
Besides, large gauge hypodermic needles are used to implant devices inside human body which act as
neuro-muscular stimulator. Such applications have wide acceptance in the market and better control of
drug quantity can save over doze and wastage of drugs. BioMEMS have made rapid progress in past few
decades and hence provide opportunities in areas like biosensors, immunoisolation capsules, drug
delivery and pacemakers. MEMS technology proves helpful in treating disorders related to nervous and
endocrine system by delivering drugs and hormones. MEMS provide advantages over other type of
implantable devices due to small size. In other applications MEMS devices are explored to monitor the
health conditions of vulnerable population such as infants and old age patients. Airbag systems is another
such example which is jointly used in automotive cars to protect driver from severe accidents. In a country
like India, having a lot of highways, such problem is obvious. Having an urge for better security with
convenience, the applications of airbag systems is quite popular. The airbag is actually a basic micro-
accelerometer MEMS sensor. Talking about defense application and space application, gyroscope MEMS
sensors find wide acceptance. Also, modern cars have number of MEMS sensors monitoring the driving
style and motion of car. As evident MEMS technology is highly application based which makes them
appealing in various sectors concerning human welfare and upliftment.

Keywords: MEMS, Bio-MEMS, Drug Delivery, Micro Needle, Biomedical Engineering, Micro-Sensors.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9070429503.
E-mail Address: umaiyamushtaq1247@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

737
Numerical Investigation on Various Hyperelastic Material
Models Used for Modeling of Balloon Expandable-
Endovascular Stents
Nadeem Akbar Najar£, Ghulam Ashraful Harmain
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1434

Abstract

In this paper, finite element analysis of balloon-expandable stents is carried out. Various components
involved in stenting are modeled using a commercially available finite element analysis code. A bilinear
elasto-plastic material model is employed for stent to capture radial and longitudinal recoil. A third order
Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic constitutive equation is solved to get an insight into mechanical behavior of
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia and plaque. The main aim of this work is to investigate
various models of hyper-elasticity for balloon, therefore a total of four hyperelastic models viz., Neo-
Hookean, Mooney Rivlin, Ogden and Varga have been studied independently to arrive at a clinically
suitable model. The results show a rapid rise in the internal pressure until reaching a maximum value,
followed by a pressure decrease until reaching a minimum, and then increasing again.

Keywords: Finite Element Analysis, Balloon, Endovascular Stent, Hyperelastic Models.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596154251.
E-mail Address: nadeemceng@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

738
Performance Evaluation of Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC)
Signal Processing Technique for 5G and IoT Networks
Shifa Showkat£, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Sakeena Akhtar
Department of Electronics and IT, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-506

Abstract

Looking at the existing scenario with exponential increase in Internet of Things (IoT), wireless networks
need to support a greater number of users and devices. 5G networks may be the answer to IoT’s need
to ensure that the wireless infrastructure can handle the load. The major research that is being undertaken
for the development of 5G wireless technology is in the field of signal processing techniques. In 5G there
will be no dominant performance metric that defines requirement for 5G technologies, instead a number
of new signal processing techniques will be used to continuously increase the peak service rates and
emphasis will be laid on increased capacity, coverage, efficiency (power spectrum & other resources),
flexibility, compatibility, reliability and convergence. In this way 5G systems will be able to handle the
explosion in demand arising from emerging applications such as big data, cloud services & machine to
machine communication. Fulfillment of all these requirements has led to the rapid increase for the
spectrum. The solution for this is employing multicarrier communication techniques like OFDM and
FBMC that transmits data across the channel in several frequency subcarriers at a lower data rate. In
OFDM the need for strict frequency & time synchronization among blocks & sub-carriers in order to
maintain orthogonality is a requirement that does not match well with IoT scenario. So, in order to
overcome the disadvantage of OFDM, a more efficient signal processing technique, FBMC is used. In many
ways, FBMC has similarities to OFDM but instead of filtering the whole bank as in the case of OFDM,
FBMC filters each subcarrier individually. The subcarrier filters are very narrow & require long filter time
constant. FBMC does not have a cyclic prefix & as result a very high level of spectral efficiency. The prime
focus of this topic is to provide an overview of FBMC i.e. working of filter bank multicarrier modulation,
the signal processing technique employed for 5G wireless networks and how it overcomes the drawbacks
of the earlier used signal processing technique.

Keywords: 5G, IoT, OFDM, FBMC, Filter Bank.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596148833.
E-mail Address: shifa.showkat92@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

739
Power Saver System Based on Visitor Count with Temperature
and Light Sensing
Muneesa Shafi Shah£, Muneeba Shafi Shah, Adfar Majid
Department of Electrical Engineering , SSM College of Engineering and Technology, Pattan, India.

JKSC-547

Abstract

Wastage of electricity is one of the main problem which we are facing nowadays due to our negligence
and forgetfulness. This project was designed to avoid all such situations and to implement it in normal
household and industrial applications. This project works on three modules; Digital Visitor Counter
(DVC), Automatic Room Light Controller (ARLC) and Temperature Sensing (TS), which are controlled by
Microprocessor 16F877. Module Digital Visitor Counter (DVC) counts the number of persons entering or
leaving any room like seminar hall, conference hall, cinema hall, etc. This function is implemented using
a pair of Infrared sensor. Module Automatic Room Light Controller (ARLC) turns light ON and OFF using
relay interface. When a person enters, room lights are turned ON but remains OFF if light in the room is
sufficient or number of persons inside room is zero. In module Temperature Sensing (TS), sensor senses
the temperature changes. At room temperature cooling devices remains OFF and when temperature
increases above room temperature cooling devices become operative. This project saves more electric
power and also collaborates the knowledge of electric and digital study. It reduces human efforts and
conserve resources. Moreover, the system is intelligent enough to take decision on its own and is very
much economic as the component used are readily available and inexpensive.

Keywords: Digital visitor counter, Infrared sensor, Temperature sensor.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494032838.
E-mail Address: muneesashafi3551@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

740
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling of Jhelum Basin using HEC-HMS
Tanzeel Khan£, Rohitashw Kumar
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, India.
JKSC-981

Abstract

Hydrological modelling is commonly used to estimate the basin’s hydrological response to precipitation.
The present study was conducted in Jhelum basin to simulate rainfall-runoff process using HEC-HMS
model. An attempt has been made to critically look at the application of HEC-GeoHMS which is an
extension of ArcView in HEC-HMS. The model formulates a watershed data structure under the platform
of GIS that can be imported directly to HEC-HMS through topographic information supplied by HEC-
GeoHMS. Rainfall-runoff simulation of the basin was done for 1995-2016-time period. The model was
calibrated for a time period of 1995 to 2005 and validated from 2006 to 2016 for runoff. The performance
of the model was judged using statistical parameter coefficient of determination (R2). The coefficient of
determination (R2) value was found 0.59 during pre-calibration. The model parameters (CN, Muskingum
K and x) were appropriately calibrated. The coefficient of determination (R2) after calibration attained
the value as 0.87. The coefficient of determination (R2) for validation was found to be 0.88. The model
shows a close agreement between modeled and observed values of runoff. The results of the study suggest
that the calibrated HEC-HMS can be used to predict runoff for the real time rainfall events for upper
Jhelum basin.

Keywords: ArcGIS, HEC-GeoHMS, HEC-HMS model, Runoff, Hydrograph, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Real time
forecasting.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713995876.
E-mail Address: tanzeelkhan1992@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

741
Resource Allocation in Wavelet FBMC used in 5G Technology
Farhana Mustafa1£, Javaid A Sheikh2, G. M. Bhat3, Arshid Iqbal4
1,2,4
Depatment of Electronics and I.T, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-825

Abstract

FBMC is the technology used in 5G Communication system as it has better spectral efficiency than OFDM
used in 4G Communication system. FBMC is used in 5G communication because the data rate can be
transmitted at a high rate and because of having better spectral efficiency. Thus, the focus is on advanced
version of FBMC that is wavelet FBMC. Various parameters are calculated such as Bit Error Probability.
The Bit Error Probability (BEP) decreases in wavelet FBMC as compared to FFT-FBMC. But the power
consumption in wavelet -FBMC is much higher than FFT-FBMC, because of having maximum side-lobes
in wavelet -FBMC. Thus, resource allocation is necessary in wavelet FBMC which can be done with the
help of water-filling algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization PSO. Also, side lobes can be reduced by
tail-shortening approach. Thus, the focus will be on various methods of resource allocation that can be
done in wavelet FBMC so as to have better spectral efficiency.

Keywords: OFDM, FBMC, BEP, FIR FILTER, MCM.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803978992.
E-mail Address: farhanabhatt23@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

742
Role of Statcom in Improving the Performance of a Hybrid
Power Plant System Connected with Existing Power Grid
Ishtiyaq Rafiqi1£, Tawheed Jan Shah2
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, SSM College of Engineering and Technology, Parihaspora Pattan, India.
2
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology,University of Kashmir, Hazratbal,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-978

Abstract

Energy is the backbone and key instrument for the economic and social development of any country.
Electricity which is the most superior form of energy is generated from the fossil fuels such as natural gas,
diesel, coal etc. Since these fossil fuels are both limited and environmentally hazardous resources,
therefore there is a need to turn towards the usage of renewable and clean energy sources. So, production
of electricity from the alternative resources have become essential in order to fulfill the future energy
demands. Solar and wind energy are the two main renewable energy sources available which can produce
huge amount of electrical energy to the consumers. The existing power grid usually gets power supply
from conventional power plants. In order to make existing power grid more reliable, solar-wind renewable
energy sources are being connected with power grid. Renewable energy sources have got less short circuit
ratio(SCR) which means they are vulnerable to frequent voltage variations. For synchronization of solar-
wind power plant with the existing power grid, the voltage has to be kept constant. In this paper, the
reactive power of the proposed system is controlled by using STATCOM (Static Synchronous
Compensator) which in turn keeps the system voltage within the reference value 1pu (per unit) and the
total simulation time is 0.4sec. The voltage waveform is analyzed for different instants i.e., 0.1sec, 0.2sec
and 0.3sec. At 0.1sec of simulation time, the voltage decreases to its reference value and reaches 0.97 pu.
However, in order to keep the voltage within the reference value, the STATCOM injects the reactive power
of magnitude 80MVars into the hybrid power plant connected with power grid and thus acts as a
capacitor. At 0.2sec the voltage of the system rises to 1.04 pu but to keep the voltage within the reference
value, the STATCOM absorbs the reactive power of magnitude 90MVars from the system and thus acts as
an inductor. At 0.3 sec there is no variation in the system voltage and the STATCOM at this instant does
not inject or absorb the reactive power and thus no reactive power is supplied or consumed from the
system. The whole proposed configuration of power grid connected with hybrid power plant and
STATCOM has been designed in MATLAB (SIMULINK).

Keywords: Asynchronous Generator, Power Grid, STATCOM, Photovoltaic Cell, Hybrid System.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8491893992.
E-mail Address: ishu_730@hotmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

743
Safety Kit for Domestic Gas Regulators
Syed Raahat Ara£
IUST, Awantipora, India.
JKSC-658

Abstract

The thought of the project lies in the fact that every year hundreds of people die due to suffocation by
carbon monoxide produced by the gas heaters. So the idea is to design a mechanical setup, powered by a
microcontroller and motors, that switches off the gas regulator when carbon monoxide level is beyond a
certain value or when gas leakage is detected. An alarm is also added to it for extra safety.

Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Mechanical, Microcontroller and motors, Alarm.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796361103.
E-mail Address: raahatara@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

744
Simulation of Cyclic Stress-Strain Response of Aluminum
Reinforced with Silicon Carbide Using Finite Element Analysis
Farheen Fayaz1£, Taqwa Qadri, Ishrat Ashraf, Qazi Junaid Ashraf
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1113

Abstract

In this study Cyclic stress-strain response of aluminum reinforced with silicon carbide, candidate material
for fabrication of engine valves, subjected to low cycle fatigue (LCF) is simulated using finite element
analysis. The combustion chamber side of the valve head is subjected to high stresses during each
combustion event. These generate cyclic stresses peaking above 200 MN/m 2 on the valve head. The peak
combustion pressure dictates the magnitude of the stresses. The junction of the valve stem and fillet
experience high cyclic stresses as the valve impacts the seat insert. Aluminum reinforced with silicon
carbide has shown improved creep and fatigue resistance. Simulations based on Kinematic hardening
parameters from stabilized cycle has been used to describe stabilized stress-strain response. While
evaluating isotropic hardening parameters, kinematic hardening was neglected and vice versa. Kinematic
hardening of cyclic plastic deformation is modelled with two back stresses. For this, the first half of the
tensile branch of stabilized hysteresis loop is divided into two inelastic regions which are assumed to be
completely governed by the back stresses x1 and x2, respectively. The first trial parameters form merely
the initial guess values which are then subsequently optimized after a series of simulation iterations. The
optimized parameters are arrived based on the improvement in depicting the experimental results. The
finite element analysis of LCF deformation behavior is carried out using Abaqus finite element software.
The simulation results are presented in terms of cyclic stress response curves and stress-strain hysteresis
loops.

Keywords: LCF, Engine Valve, Kinematic Hardening.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9149425838.
E-mail Address: qazijunaidashraf@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

745
Sustainable Mobility in Developing Cities: Need, Issues and
Solutions
Ubaid Illahi£, Mohammad Shafi Mir
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1015

Abstract

One of the major issues and challenges of this decade especially in developing cities is to achieve a
transportation system which is sustainable. The need for sustainable transportation system can be
justified by the concept of vicious circle of congestion in which road infrastructure to be provided is
directly proportional to the demand. But, firstly this demand increases many folds, rather exponentially
and secondly, it becomes practically unfeasible to increase the road infrastructure especially due to ribbon
development in rural areas and built-up stretches in urban areas. Thus, it does not solve the problem but
delays it. The sustainable mobility is a very complex engineering science and cannot be generalised
everywhere in the world, reason being the social, geographical, cultural and environmental differences. In
this context, an attempt has been made to check the sustainability of the transportation system in Jammu
& Kashmir, the northern most state of India in a holistic way using various sustainable mobility indicators
like safety, speed, accessibility, environment, etc. The analysis shows that Vehicle Oriented Approach
(VOA) is being followed rather than People Oriented Approach (POA). Previous researches have shown
that the former is useful for existing policies where minor changes are required but not for a fundamental
review of the policy and long-term planning, hence the latter is strongly recommended at the planning
stage. Preference should be given to movement of people and goods from origin to destination rather than
movement of vehicles. Moreover, there is a need to adopt optimization techniques in traffic management,
demand management and travel behaviour i.e. shift the focus from supply centric to demand centric.
Flyovers, under-passes, road widening, and so on are nothing but cul-de-sac. Instead of increasing the
corridor capacity of road infrastructure, focus should be on decreasing the traffic volume which can be
achieved through integration of various sustainable mobility modes like walkability, bicycling, Non-
Motorised Transport (NMT), exploiting water transport potential, Bus-Rapid Transport Systems (BRTS),
Mass Rapid Transport Systems (MRTS), Public Transportation (PT) etc. At last, it is very important to
understand that the problems developing cities are facing today have already been faced by some
developed cities. Hence it would be wise to leapfrog. One of the best examples is that of Netherlands,
where drastic improvements in the mobility and liveability have been seen after adopting the sustainable
transportation measures on a massive scale.

Keywords: sustainable transportation, sustainable mobility indicators, developing cities,

optimization techniques, travel demand.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715964599.
E-mail Address: ubaidillahi@nitsri.ac.in.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

746
Trend Analysis of Temperature using MK Test in the
Himalayan Environment of Kashmir and Ranichauri, India
Zeenat Farooq1£, Rohitashw Kumar2, Deepak Jhajharia3
1,2
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology ,SKUAST, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Soil and Water Engineering, CAU, Ranipool, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.
JKSC-571

Abstract

For assessing the effects of climate change it is important to analyze the trends in temperature,
precipitation and relative humidity. This research is to analyze a long-time record of temperature of
Kashmir for the period of 20 years (1995-2014) and Ranichauri for the period of 28 years (1985-2012), site
situated in Himalayas, on monthly, seasonal and annual basis. In Kashmir, on monthly basis, in case of
maximum temperature, statistically significant increasing trend was observed for the month of March at
the rate of 15.1 °C/decade, only at 5% level of significance and statistically significant increasing trend
was witnessed in the month of December at the rate of 1.04 °C/decade while as no significant trends at
5% level of significance as the Z values are between +1.96 and -1.96 (or at 10% level of significance as the Z
values are between +1.65 and -1.65) were witnessed in case of minimum temperature. Trend analysis on
seasonal and annual basis revealed no statistically significant trends in case of maximum temperature and
minimum temperature. In case of Ranichauri, on monthly basis statistically significant increasing trend
is witnessed in maximum temperature for the month of October at the rate of 0.30 °C/decade at 5% level
of significance where as in case of minimum temperature MK test revealed that statistically significant
decreasing trends are witnessed in the month of January at the rate of 0.77 °C/decade, June at the rate
of 0.59 °C/decade, August at the rate of 0.61 °C/decade, September at the rate of 0.83 °C/decade,
October at the rate of 0.77 °C/decade, November at the rate of 0.82 °C/decade and December at the
rate of 0.56 °C/decade at 5% level of significance as the values of Z (test statistics) are more than 1.96.
On seasonal basis statistically, significant decreasing trends are witnessed in minimum temperature for
summer at the rate of 0.53 °C/decade and autumn season at the rate of 0.81°C/decade at 5% level of
significance where as in case of maximum temperature, no statistically significant trends were witnessed.
On annual basis only minimum temperature at the rate of 0.54 °C/decade, showed statistically
decreasing trends at 5% significance level as the value of z statistic is more than 1.96.

Keywords: Trend, Mann-Kendall, Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, Kashmir, Ranichauri.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006932136.
E-mail Address: zeenatfarooq1@gmail.com.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

747
Recycling of Demolished Concrete in Construction
Mir Aijaz Ahmad£, Umer Farooq
Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India.
JKSC-1700

Abstract

After water, Concrete is the 2nd most consumed material in the world and it is used most widely in the
construction industry because of its ability to sustain compression and other properties. A typical
hardened concrete mix is about 10 to 15 percent cement, 60 to 75 percent aggregate and 15 to 20 percent
water. Since aggregate is the major constituent of concrete, making use of construction and demolition
(C&D) wastes as a replacement to natural aggregates (NA) has many economic as well as environmental
advantages. Various researchers have used demolished concrete as a partial replacement of aggregates
while concreting. This paper investigates the factors which affect the physical, chemical, mechanical,
permeation and compositional properties of recycled aggregates sourced from construction and
demolition waste, intended for concrete production. Demolished concrete has been used for low level
applications. The results of Concrete without demolished waste and concrete with demolished waste are
comparable however certain practices have to be followed in order to be able to expand the use of
demolished concrete for various civil engineering applications. This paper wishes to break the barriers in
more widespread use of demolished concrete in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), including lack of
awareness, lack of government support, non-existence of specifications/codes for reusing these aggregates
in new concrete.

Keywords: Concrete, Demolished Waste, Aggregate, Sustainability, Environmental Benefit.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 946963399.
E-mail Address: NA.

©2018Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

748
Food Science and
Technology
750
Bioactive Peptides from Various Food Sources and their
Nutraceutical Potential
Mehnaza Manzoor£1, Jagmohan Singh2, Nazia Baba3
1,2
Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Jammu, India.
3
Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1558

Abstract

The current health scenario of the world depicts that there are growing public health problems such as
diabetic, hypertension, cancer, hypoglycemia, CVD, etc. Therefore, the food scientists are nowadays
focusing on to resolve these health issues by exploring the new bioactive compounds from different food
sources, among them bioactive peptides gain much interest from the last few years. Bioactive peptides are
low molecular weight fragments of proteins, usually with sizes not exceeding 20 kDa. These bioactive
peptides have positive influence on human health as they have been reported for anti-diabetic activity,
anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, cholesterol level reduction, antioxidative and
antiobesity properties by various researchers. The thereaupatic value of the bioactive peptides mainly
depends on the molecular size and its source, whereas lower molecular weight fractions are known to
possess higher bioactivity. Peptides can be obtained from different sources such as from plants which
include soybean hard to cook bean, potato etc., and from animal source meat, milk and its products and
from marine sources. Peptides are produced by in vitro digestion with suitable protease e.g., by proteolytic
microorganism or by proteolytic enzymes derived from microorganism or plants.

Keywords: Bioactive Peptides, Nutraceutical Potential.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622600270.
E-mail Address: mehnazmanzor321@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

751
Chenopodium album Linn: Nutritive Value, Potential Use in
Gluten Free-Functional Food Systems and Health Benefits
Romee Jan£
Punjab Agricultural University, India.
JKSC-741

Abstract

Increasing awareness of consumer’s health and interest in functional foods to achieve a healthy lifestyle
has resulted in the need for food products with versatile health-benefiting properties. Results from a
number of recent studies have highlighted the need for an improvement in the nutritional quality of cereal
based gluten free products. There is a considerable interest in pseudocereal (Chenopodium album L.) due
to its excellent nutritional, phenolic and phytochemical profile and their use in development of gluten
free products. C. album possesses high in-vitro antioxidant properties than staple cereals by different
purported pathways. It is a good source of carbohydrates, high quality proteins (17 kinds of amino acids
including 7 essential amino acids for the human body), dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins, the total lipid,
crude lipids and natural antioxidants like vitamin E as compared to other grains. The fat content of its
seeds is 7% including palmitate, stearic acid, oleic acid, essential fatty acids (linoleic acid and linolenic
acids). C. album is essential source of many other bioactive compounds such as phytosterols, polyphenols,
saponins, sitosterol and squalene with health-promoting effects which makes it an excellent example of
functional food that aims at lowering the risk of various diseases. Besides, the seeds contain high amount
of starch with unique and desirable functional properties that might enhance its potential usage in
different food formulations. Recent studies have indicated that phenolics present in pseudocereals have
several health benefits like prevention and reduction of oxidative stress, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-
inflammatory, antihypertensive and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The seeds can be grounded
into flour for gluten free bread, cakes, gruel, cookies, biscuits, extrudates and noodles. Hence,
commercialization of these pseudocereals like C. album based products would help to combat various
health related issues, and also the availability of palatable pseudocereal containing gluten-free products
would represent advance towards ensuring an adequate intake of nutrients in subjects with celiac disease.

Keywords: : Chenopodium album, Gluten Free Diet, Nutrients, Health Benefits, Functional Foods, Phytochemicals.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889813524.
E-mail Address: romeejan12@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

752
Coffee as a Source of Food Polymer
Omar Bin Hameed£1, Naeema Jan2
University of Arba Minch Ethiopia.
2
SKUAST, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1357

Abstract

Obesity is one of the risk factors of many diseases in the world. This health problem influences the
premature aging which could increase diseases problems like Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Stroke,
Coronary Heart Disease, etc. Coffee has many components such as macronutrient and micronutrient and
also non nutrient component. Food polymers are very important in food system for improving the quality
of food for our healthy body. Coffee as food polymer has no understanding clearly. Coffee has component
macronutrient (Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid) and micronutrient (vitamin C, Mg, etc) and non-nutrient
like caffeine, and chlorogenic acid. Coffee has many health benefit activities such as antioxidant activity,
antiobesity activity, anti-hyperuricemia activity, antimicrobial activity, etc. Coffee is one of herbal which
has more protein than other components. Coffee has polymers which can be incorporated in foods to
avoid obesity.

Keywords: Antiobesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Hyperuricemia.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006574891.
E-mail Address: omargojwari@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

753
Consumer Behaviour Towards Organic Products in District
Srinagar of Jammu and Kashmir State
Imaan Ashraf£1, Sabahat Hussain2, Asifa Ali3, Shahzada Akhtar4, Bilal Ahmad Bhat5
1,2
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Institute of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Department of Urdu, University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
5
Division of Social Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil Ganderbal, SKUAST-Kashmir,India.

JKSC-638

Abstract

The awareness among people on the harmful effects of chemicals present in food is increasing among the
consumers and the trend towards purchasing organic food items is growing among people. The present
study aimed at identifying the purchase intention of consumers towards organic foods was based on
primary survey of 400 respondents belonging to district Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and
Kashmir State, using a structured questionnaire. The data collected at random was analyzed using SPSS
software. The results of the study revealed that majority of the consumers were aware of organic food, its
benefits and problems associated with conventional food. The behavior of consumers towards purchasing
the organic food is related to factors like environmental concern, health concern, product quality and life
style. It is concluded from our study that people are aware of organic products and their influence on
health so the willingness of people towards purchasing the organic products are affordable and available.

Keywords: Organic Food, Organic Products, Srinagar, Consumer Behavior, Buying Behavior.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796311133.
E-mail Address: sheikhimaan@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

754
Consumption Pattern of Fish Among People in District
Srinagar of Kashmir Valley
Sabeeha Yaqoob£1, Tariq Bhat2, Bilal Ahmad Bhat3, Bisma Ashraf Zargar4 , Nusrat5
1,2
SKUAST-Kashmir Srinagar, India.
3
Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil Ganderbal, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
4
Department of Food Technology, IUST, Awantipora, Pulwama, India.
5
IMFA, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-406

Abstract

The present study was conducted in district Srinagar of Kashmir valley that is one of the world famous
place and summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir State. Fish is one of the most important source of animal
protein, vitamins, minerals and has been widely accepted as a good source of protein and other elements
for the maintenance of healthy body. Fish is an extremely perishable commodity and quality losses can
occur very rapidly after catch. The purpose of this study was to understand the fish consumer’s behavior
and constraints faced by consumer in district Srinagar of Kashmir Valley. Data for the present study was
collected from 400 respondents during 2017-18 using a well-designed validated questionnaire. The results
obtained from our study revealed that 68% of the consumers bought fish occasionally, 15.75% once a
month, 11.0% twice a month, 2.25% twice a week, 1.75% once a week and 1.25% once a year. Majority of the
respondents 34.5% consume fish for health benefits, 25.5% for taste, 21.5% for nutrition purpose, 15.0%
less costly and 3.5% for any other reason. Further, it was noticed that majority of the respondents (41.5%)
preferred trout, 37.5% preferred carp and 21.0 % preferred schizothorax. It was observed that consumption
pattern of fish is related to consumer’s socio-economic status and education level of the family head.
Finally, benefits of fish consumption, marketing problems of fish and fish as income generating
opportunity for poor people in the state of Jammu and Kashmir were discussed.

Keywords: Kashmir, Socio-Economics, Consumer Preference, Fish, Statistics.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906668476.
E-mail Address: sabeeha.1984@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

755
Crop Diversification vis-a-vis Climate Change to Ensure Food
Security in Jammu and Kashmir
Iqra Basharat Qureshi£1, Arshad Hussain Bhat2, Shabir Ahmed Rather 3, Sheeba
Qureshi4, Saima Zahoor5
1
Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, India.
2
Ragiv Gandhi Chair, SKUAST-K
3,5
CITH-Srinagar, India.
4
SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-257

Abstract

Jammu and Kashmir the world famous for certain horticultural crops in terms of production and
productivity, but, still there is a remarkable trade deficit of importing many food-grains, dry & fresh fruits
etc. to meet the domestic demand. The region is bounded by heavily industrialized states and therefore,
climate change has also sacked the door of the state. The state is expected to have a surge in the number
of rainy days by 2030. Similarly, annual temperature is likely to increase in the next century compared to
the base period of 1970. An increasing trend in annual maximum and minimum temperature as well as
precipitation has also been predicted for the region under SRES A2 Scenario. Climate change is also
expected to considerably influence the agricultural sector and increase its vulnerability. Reduction in
precipitation, will negatively affect the rain-fed agriculture as well as horticultural produce like apple.
Climate change presents a profound challenge to food-security and economic development of the region.
In response to this challenge, the World Bank, along with other donor and developmental agencies, are
formulating strategies for addressing climate change adaptation and provide assistance to countries for
implementation of appropriate risk reduction measures. In view of changing climate regimes, crop
diversification can be used as a viable strategy for addressing food and nutritional security. Crop
diversification provides farmers wider choice in the production of variety of crops in a given area so as to
expand production related activities on various cash crops and also to bring down the possible risk posed
by changing climate. Realizing the importance of crop diversification, the central and state governments
have taken several initiatives for the development of horticulture sector keeping in view its role in food
and nutritional security of the region.

Keywords: Crop Diversification, Climate Change, Food Security, Jammu And Kashmir, Productivity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906668476.
E-mail Address: sabeeha.1984@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

756
Development of Genetic Resources for Mapping Nutritional
Traits in Indian Wheats
M. Tahir£, Safoora Shafi, M. A. Khan, Mohd. Ashraf Bhat, Asma Hamid, Hilal
Ahmad, Reyazul Rouf Mir
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FOA), SKUAST- Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore, India.
JKSC-1623

Abstract

Micronutrient malnutrition, resulting from dietary deficiency of important minerals such as zinc (Zn) and
iron (Fe), is a widespread food-related health problem. As wheat is the primary food for the majority of
the world population, producing wheat grains with high mineral content can ameliorate the problem of
mineral hunger. Development of genetic resources for mapping genes/QTLs for nutritional traits like
grain Zn and Fe content was targeted in this study. The genetic variation in grain Fe and Zn contents was
assessed in 61 wheat genotypes using SSR markers. The grain Fe and Zn contents were measured using
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The results showed considerable genetic
variation for these minerals. The concentration of grain Fe varied by 2.13 fold, ranging from 28.9 to 61.5
mg kg-1 and grain Zn by 2.15 fold, ranging from 26.3 to 56.6 mg kg-1. About 90 crosses were made to develop
eight sets of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) viz., PBW660/1048, 5019/SW2, HD3095/10036,
FLW13/6024, 5018/VL22, HI8759/9048, IC566635/9048, and HD2932/5018 by crossing high Fe and Zn
containing lines with low iron and zinc containing lines.

Keywords: Genetic Biofortification, Grain Zinc and Iron, Mapping Population, Genotyping.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: tahiryousuf26@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

757
Effect of Different Concentrations of Soy Milk on
Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Textural Properties of
Vanilla Flavored Soy Yogurt with the Addition of Starch
Nafiya Qadir£, Hilal Ahmad Punoo
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-361

Abstract

Four batches of soy yogurt were formulated- T1 (92.7% soy milk, 6% SMP, 1.30% toned milk), T2 (90.10%
soy milk, 6% SMP, 1.33% toned milk), T3 (87.43% soy milk, 6% SMP, 4% toned milk) and T4 (85.74% soy
milk, 6% SMP, 5.64% toned milk). Also, starch (1%) and vanilla flavor (1.66%) was added to treatments
T2, T3 and T4. The treatments were evaluated for sensory, physicochemical, antioxidant and textural
properties. Titratable acidity (%) and syneresis (%) of all the treatments were observed for 13 days of
refrigerated storage. Sensory evaluation of treatments showed a significant difference (p<0.05).

Keywords: Soy Yogurt, Physicochemical, Antioxidants, Hardness, Sensory Evaluation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906487426.
E-mail Address: nafiya.qadir14@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

758
Effect of Different Solvent Extraction on Antioxidant Potential
of Cauliflower Waste- A Valuable Vegetable Byproduct
Amreen Nazir£, Hafiza Ahsan
Department of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST- K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-881

Abstract

Dried residues of Cauliflower waste were extracted with different solvent i.e., methanol, hexane & ethyl
acetate, which were evaluated for antioxidant activity by different assays like diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl
(DPPH), & reducing power. Extracts were also evaluated for total phenolic content. Among all the solvents
used in the study, methanolic extracts showed highest antioxidant activity which was evident through
increased % scavenging activity of dried cauliflower waste residues, followed by ethyl acetate and hexane,
respectively. Methanolic extracts of cauliflower waste showed percent scavenging activity of (69.6%)
followed by ethyl acetate extracts (53%) & hexane (40%). Reducing power of methanol, ethyl acetate &
hexane were as 58%, 42% & 34%, respectively. The total phenolic content (mg GAE/g) of 9, 9.01 & 4.2 was
recorded for extracts of methanol, ethyl acetate & hexane, respectively. Depending upon the nature of
solvent used, extraction yields may vary, emphasizing the prime role of choice of solvent used for
determining the antioxidant activity of extract. In our study methanolic extracts proved to be efficient
solvent for extraction followed by ethyl acetate & hexane, respectively. From our study it can be concluded
that extracts from vegetable residues (cauliflower waste) may represent a significant source of phenolic
antioxidants for use as nutraceuticals or biopreservatives, which otherwise are disposed off creating
various environmental issues.

Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, DPPH, Reducing Power, Total Phenolic Content ,By-products, Scavenging Activity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419024336.
E-mail Address: amreen.nazir@ymail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

759
Effect of Different Treatments on Physico-Chemical Properties
of Soy Yoghurt
Hilal Ahmad Punoo£, Mudasir Ahmad Mir, Waqa Nabi Baba
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-183

Abstract

Four batches of soy yoghurt were prepared with different treatments namely microwave treated,
germinated, autoclaving and Controlled. The soy yoghurt was prepared from soy milk, skim milk powder
and toned milk. The germinated showed highest moisture content 89.05% while autoclaving showed the
lowest moisture of 85.49%. The controlled and microwave treated reported moisture of 88.70% to 87.70%,
respectively. The highest percent moisture was found in germinated one. Decrease in percent moisture
was found with the decrease in soy milk concentration. The highest percentage of protein was found in
controlled one 3.27% while autoclaving treated reported lowest value of protein content 3.18% among the
treatments and it was observed that with the decrease in concentration of soy milk among the treatments,
the protein content decreased. The ash content was lowest among the controlled one 0.62% while
autoclaving showed the highest ash content of 0.71%. It was observed that with the increase in
concentration of soy milk, the ash content increased. The total solids were highest in autoclaving 14.49%
while as germinated one showed the lowest value of 10.80%. It was observed that with the increase in
proportion of toned milk and due to absence of starch, total solid content of treatments increased.

Keywords: Soy Milk, Soy Yoghurt, Microwave Treted, Germinated, Autoclaving, Physico-Chemical Properties.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419024079.
E-mail Address: hilal_punoo@rediff.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

760
Effect of Guar and Xanthan Gum on the Formation of
Cholesterol Oxidation Products in Traditional Meat Products
of J & K During Thermal Processing and Storage
Sajad Ahmad Rather£, Farooq Ahmad Masoodi, Jahangir A.Rather, Rehana Akhter,
Tariq A. Ganaie
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1348

Abstract

Present day consumers are becoming more cautious about the effect of diet in human health and are
concerned about the fat content of processed meat products. Consumer’s interest in low fat processed
meat products has increased in recent past in view of the risk posed by food products containing high
animal fat. Cholesterol is an important biological compound and is present in meat and its processed
products. However, its oxidation products have been proven to be harmful to human health. Thermal
processing and storage significantly affect the safety of meat products, as they contribute to the formation
of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs). In the context of this scenario traditional meat products of
Kashmir (especially Rista and Goshtaba) have relatively high animal fat content. Thus, partial replacement
of fat was performed with guar and xanthan gum and their mixtures. The products were evaluated for
cholesterol and COPs formation by HPLC during thermal processing and subsequent storage. The results
revealed that cholesterol content decreased significantly after thermal processing in all products (p < 0.05)
and maximum conversion of cholesterol to COPs was observed in high fat products. During storage
significant and linear decrease was observed upto 6th month; thereafter it showed non-significant
difference upto the end of storage. The cholesterol oxides determined in the present study were 7-β-OH-
ch, 5-ch-3 β -ol-7-one and 25-OH-ch. After canning the results revealed that two oxycholesterols (7- β -
OH-ch and 5-ch-3 β -ol-7-one) were produced in meat products, however low fat products containing
guar and xanthan gum and their mixtures showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05). During storage
there was formation of 25-OH-ch, increase in 7- β -OH-ch and decrease in 5-ch-3 β -ol-7-one and
maximum levels were observed in high fat products compared to low fat products containing different
gums. Partial replacement of fat by different gums and their mixtures resulted in reduction of COPs
formation during thermal processing and subsequent storage of meat products. Therefore, addition of
guar and xanthan gum and their mixtures could be a better alternative for prevention of oxidative
deterioration of shelf stable meat products.

Keywords: Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, Thermal Processing, Cholesterol Oxidation Products

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419135876.
E-mail Address: rsajad.mt@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

761
Effect of Incorporation of Extruded Chickpea Flour on
Physicochemical Composition and Sensory Attributes of
Gluten Free Cakes
Khushnuma Maqbool£, Haroon Rashid Naik, Nazia Nisar, Amreen Nazir
Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1091

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of incorporation of extruded chickpea flour on
physicochemical composition and sensory attributes of gluten-free cakes. Extruded chickpea flour was
incorporated at different levels ranging from 0 to 20 %. Results of the present study showed that with an
increased level of extruded flour incorporation resulted in improvement of nutritional properties of
gluten-free cakes. Moisture, fat, protein, ash, crude fibre and dietary fibre content of cakes increased
significantly.

Keywords: Gluten-Free, Extrusion, Celiac, Cakes.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622438999.
E-mail Address: sheikhkhushi01@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

762
Effect of Low Frequency Ultrasonication on Structural and
Functional Properties of Isolated Myosin from Chicken Breast
Muscle
Rashid Saleem Parry£, Riaz Ahmad
Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-1413

Abstract

Most prominent quality attribute of meat associated with the application of ultrasound is the degree of
tenderness. Presently an impression is growing among research workers that ultrasonication can be
utilised as a promising technique for the improvement of various visual and functional attributes of meat
and structured meat products. However, such a broad range applicability of ultrasonication demands a
thorough investigation at molecular level. Functionally myosin is considered as a major muscle protein.
Therefore, current study was carried out to investigate the possible correlation between low frequency
ultrasonication and structural/functional stability of myosin. Liquid suspensions of myosin were exposed
to low frequency ultrasound to investigate the changes in structural and functional properties at
molecular level. The results of our study reveal that low frequency ultrasonication leads to significant
alteration in actin binding affinity of myosin along with distinct change in enzymatic activity. Decrease in
enzymatic activity can be assigned to conformational changes at tertiary and secondary level. Variation in
second derivative of UV absorption spectra, CD spectra, reactive sulfhydryl and surface hydrophobicity
with low frequency ultrasonication reflects the changes in structure of myosin. Movement in aromatic
amino acids at tertiary level along with significant change in alpha helicity of myosin was observed.
Ultrasonication induced structural changes showed positive relation with the functional properties, like
gelation and water holding capacity, of myosin. Ultrasonication treatment before heating significantly
improved the gelling ability of myofibrillar proteins. From electron micrographs of heat induced gels it
was clear that homogenous distribution of small voids showed significant increase along with decrease in
degree of dense aggregation. Concurrent with increase in regular arrangement of three dimensional
networks, water holding capacity of heat induced gels was significantly improved. Therefore, it is
reasonable to conclude that low frequency ultrasonication causes significant improvement in heat
induced gelation of muscle proteins by inducing structural changes both at tertiary level and secondary
level. Extending the correlation of our results, it can be suggested that low frequency ultrasonication can
improve the water holding capacity of meat at industrial level.

Keywords: Ultrasonication, Meat, Myosin, Structure,

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622934704.
E-mail Address: rashid.saleem20@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

763
Effect of Microwave Heat and Na-Benzoate on the Physico-
Chemical, Microbial, Sensory, Textural and Surface Colour
Measurement of Carrot Pickles during Storage at Ambient
Temperature
Gh Jeelani Raja£, Farooq Ahmad Masoodi
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-504

Abstract

Carrot pickle is a traditional fermented food produced all over the world. The continuous fermentation
during marketing and storage resulting in over acidification, softening, undesirable aroma and color. The
aim of the study was to investigate the effect of microwave and sodium benzoate treatments on LAB’s in
fermented carrot pickle. Acidity (% lactic acid), pH, microbial load (log10 cfu/g), texture and sensory
attributes were evaluated during storage of 30 days. Results indicate that samples treated with microwave
for 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 min showed that pH decreased from 5.68 to 4.83, 5.75 to 4.85 and 5.63 to 4.34,
respectively. They also showed significantly lower microbial count of LABs than those samples treated
with sodium benzoate. Sensory evaluation indicated significantly higher over-all acceptability score for
microwave treated sample (2.5 min) and control. These results indicate that microwave treatment showed
a good inhibitory effect on the LAB population compared to Na- benzoate treated and control samples.

Keywords: Carrot Pickle, Fermentation, Microwave, Sodium Benzoate, Labs, Sensory .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596011200.
E-mail Address: jeelaniraja@uok.edu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

764
Effect of Natural Antioxidants, Antimicrobials and Gamma
Irradiation on the Shelf Life of Raw Meat Emulsions During
Refrigerated Storage
Rehana Akhter£, F. A. Masoodi, Sajad Ahmad Rather
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1496

Abstract

Antioxidants are used to minimize the oxidative changes in meat and meat products. Oxidative changes
may have negative effects on the quality of meat and meat products, causing changes in their sensory and
nutritional properties. Recently, research has been intensified on the application of natural preservatives
in food due to safety issues and consumer demands because they extend the shelf life of food without side
effects. Keeping in view, the present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of low-dose
gamma irradiation and addition of rosemary oil and nisin on inactivation of food borne pathogens and
quality of raw meat emulsions. Prepared raw meat emulsions were irradiated at 1kGy and stored for 30
days at 4 °C. The irradiated samples were periodically analyzed for microbiological (TPC, yeast and mold
counts), physico-chemical, emulsion stability, pH, texture, colour, metmyoglobin %, lipid, protein
oxidation and sensorial characteristics. Results indicated that irradiated raw meat emulsions containing
rosemary oil (0.5%) and nisin (0.5%) (P< 0.05) had significant effect on reduction of bacterial growth with
at least a 30 days extension of shelf life. Incorporation of rosemary oil retained emulsion stability and
texture in raw meat emulsions and delay in the oxidation process as determined by TBARS values, protein
carbonyls and sulphydryl group contents. Significant decrease was observed in pH values in control (T0)
and raw meat emulsion formulations containing 0.5% rosemary oil during storage (P < 0.05).
Metmyoglobin % increased significantly in all formulations during storage (P < 0.05). The redness of
irradiated samples was significantly increased by gamma-ray irradiation after 30 days of refrigerated
storage. Therefore, the gamma irradiation in combination with the addition of natural antimicrobials and
antioxidants could be a better alternative for prevention of oxidative and microbial deterioration of meat
emulsions an intermediate product under refrigerated conditions.

Keywords: Meat Emulsions, Natural Antioxidants, Antimicrobials, Gamma Irradiation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9070077727.
E-mail Address: rihaana186@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

765
Effect of Roasted Flax Seed Flour on the Physico Chemical,
Sensory, Textural and Antioxidant Properties of Cookies
Mafoka Fayaz£
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1257

Abstract

The effect of the substitution of varying levels of roasted flaxseed flour (0-15%) on the physico chemical,
sensory, textural, nutritional, antioxidant and pasting properties of various cookie formulations was
investigated. Cookies produced from composite flour blends were significantly higher in protein and fat
content than control ones. As the concentration of roasted flaxseed flour increased, both the thickness
and diameter of cookies increased. However, addition of flaxseed restricted the spread of cookies. The
antioxidant potential of flaxseed was found to be very high as evident from the high TPC and free radical
scavenging activity of flour blend cookies as compared to the control ones. The results showed that with
the increase in concentration of flaxseed in flour blends, the cookies became darker in color. The sensory
characteristics of flaxseed flour incorporated cookies were found to be well comparable with control. The
results showed that with the increase in concentration of flaxseed in flour blends, both texture and
fracturability of cookies increased. The pasting properties decreased with the increase in concentration of
flaxseed but the values were still in the range of stable product.

Keywords: Flaxseed, Cookies, Antioxidant, TPC.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018405876.
E-mail Address: Shoiorg@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

766
Enrichment of Local Maize Flour
Afsah Iqbal Nahvi£1, Sanya Khan2, Jahangir A.Rather3, Rehana Akhter4, Tariq A.
Ganaie5
1
KVK Bandipora , SKUAST –K, India.
2
Department of Home Science , University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-390

Abstract

Enrichment of food is usually done by adding of some natural nutritive food items appropriately, for
increasing the vitamins, minerals to the diet. The aim of the study was to improve the nutritional value
and acceptance of local maize flour of the locals of maize belt backward areas of district Bandipora. The
chemical composition and sensory evaluation was done by using standard methods of analysis.
Organoleptic test was conducted among the maize belt areas from district Bandipora. During this study
egg, dry mint and tomato was used for enrichment of maize roti. The batter prepared was cooked using a
traditional Tawa and Chula. The results revealed that addition of these ingredients to maize roti
significantly (p < 0.05) increased the calorific value, protein, iron and vitamin C content. The results in
organoleptic test showed improved texture and taste with overall acceptability within the area.

Keywords: Enrichment, Maize, Organoleptic.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006730129.
E-mail Address: afsahiqbal@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

767
Fabricated Foods
Tahiya Qadri£, Haroon Rashid Naik, Bazila Naseer
Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST –K , India.
JKSC-457

Abstract

The world, in general, and developing countries, in particular, faces the problem of ever expanding
population, coupled with limited available resources of protein foodstuffs. An urgent need is to look for
more and more efficient sources of protein. Continuing revolution in food production, preservation,
processing, packaging, and distribution is needed to overcome the food needs of world. A new area of
technology has come into existence where edible, desirable food-stuffs are created or fabricated from non-
conventional source that overcomes the major problems of feeding. To increase the quantity and variety
of foods available to man, food fabrication is to be practised. Foods that have been designed, engineered
or formulated from various ingredients according to plan from individual components, natural or
synthetic to yield product having physical, chemical and functional properties are called fabricated foods.
The creation of fabricated foods is and will be in response to demonstrated needs, particularly the growing
need for less expensive, high protein foods. Meat analogues, artificial rice, artificial eggs are developed
from non-conventional food sources to meet the needs of people. Meat analogues are generally prepared
from various type of Textured Vegetable Proteins (TVP) by extrusion processing. Artificial rice is
developed by mixture of different flours. Artificial egg is made by using various types of raw materials
(sodium alginate, gluco-lactone, amino acids) colouring and flavouring agents. Analogues for dairy
products have also been created such as soy milk, imitation cheese, coffee whitener etc. 3D printing is the
new technology which uses ingredients to generate three dimensional meals by placing layers of
compounded food on top of each other. Fabrication of food can play a key role to cater the problem of
food scarcity by developing less expensive more nutritious and convenient foods from easily available non-
conventional resources.

Keywords: Non- Conventional, Meat Analogues, TVP, 3D Food Printing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803305312.
E-mail Address: qadritahiya@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

768
Fermentation Process for the Production of Black Garlic
Vinegar: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Physicochemical and
Microbiological Characteristics
Munazah Sidiq£, F. A. Masoodi, Rehana Akhter
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1364

Abstract

In this study the aim was to develop vinegar from black garlic through two stages of fermentation. Two
treatments of black garlic extract were taken (chaptalized and without chaptalisation). Sugar was added
so as to adjust the total soluble solids in case of chaptalized vinegar. The alcohol content was found to be
13.3% in chaptalised sample and only 8% in sample without chaptalization after seven days of alcoholic
fermentation. Acetic acid fermentation was completed in 30 days and the samples were taken after every
2-day interval for analysis. The pH of vinegar was found to decrease during the fermentation process
whereas acidity increases in the range of 3-3.9 in case of vinegar without chaptalization and with
chaptalization, respectively.The DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to decrease in chaptalized
vinegar than that of vinegar without chaptalisation and the same activity was found to increase in black
garlic extract. While as ABTS activity in case of vinegar without chaptalisation and in BG extract was
increased. However, chaptalized vinegar shows strong antimicrobial activity with respect to
Staphylococcus aureus which is followed by black garlic extract and least activity was shown by vinegar
without chaptalization. Microbiological assay was also performed for yeast, mold, LAB and AAB. Mold
count was found greater in vinegar without chaptalization whereas yeast count was only 0.9 in chaptalized
vinegar with sugar and in vinegar without chaptalization the count was not detected (ND). LAB and AAB
were found in greater amount in case of vinegar with sugar.

Keywords: Black Garlic, Vinegar, Fermentation (Alcoholic And Acetic), Chaptalization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493969066.
E-mail Address: wanimunazah94@gmail.com..

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

769
Himalayan Cheese (Kalari) Fermented with Different Probiotic
Strains: In Vitro Investigation of Nutraceutical Properties
Mehvish Mushtaq Wani£, Adil Gani, F. A. Masoodi
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-944

Abstract

Kalari cheese is one of the most famous traditional Himalayan cheese. It is a fresh cheese made from
buffalo buttermilk and fermentation is carried out with natural flora present in the milk. The study was
carried out to evaluate the influence of probiotics (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and
Lactobacillus brevis) on anti-proliferative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activities
of kalari cheese. Effect of these probiotics on cheese microstructure, structure, and thermal properties was
also studied. The results show that the WSE of cheese samples added with different probiotic strains were
able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus,
Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus) (both gram positive and gram negative) and the
inhibition increased in dose dependent pattern. The anti-proliferative activity of WSE of probiotic cheese
was significantly higher against human breast cancer cells, colon cancer cells, neuroblastoma and
transformed human embryonic kidney cells compared to cheese without added probiotics. Anti-
microbial, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity and immuno-modulatory activity also
increased by incorporating probiotics to kalari. ATR-FTIR spectrum of water-soluble extract (WSE) of
probiotic cheese showed new regions between 3000-2800 cm-1 and 1400-1200 cm-1. Decrease in onset, peak
and endset temperature was observed in WSE of probiotic cheese. Overall results demonstrated that
addition of probiotics enhanced nutraceutical potential of kalari by generating bioactive peptides.

Keywords: Probiotics, Anti-Proliferative, Immuno-Modulatory, ATR-FTIR, Nutraceuticals, Kalari Cheese.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419530429
E-mail Address: emchatt@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

770
Nano Encapsulation of Catechin in Starch Nanoparticles:
Characterization; Release Behavior and Bioactivity Retention
During in Vitro Digestion
Mudasir Ahmad£, Adil Gani, F. A. Masoodi, Touseef Ahmed Wani
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-909

Abstract

The novel starch based nanoparticles from three different sources viz: horse chestnut (HSC), water
chestnut (WSC) and lotus stem (LSC) were prepared for the nano-encapsulation of catechin. The average
particle size of the nano-particles produced from HSC, WSC and LSC were found to be 322, 559 and 615
nm, with encapsulation efficiency of 59.09, 48.30, and 55.00% and negative zeta potential of -18.05, -21.5
and -18.05 mv were observed, respectively. The structural, physical and thermal properties were
characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-
ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The SEM analysis revealed capsule
formation with entrapped catechin, while the broad characteristic peaks at 3479, 1683, 1283, 1144, 1070 and
860 cm-1 depicts the encapsulation of catechin in starch nanoparticles without any evident interaction.
The DSC reveals the thermal protection of catechin while XRD showed loss of crystallinity after
encapsulation. The higher content of catechin in intestinal juice ensured controlled release in the
intestine.

Keywords: Nanoencapsulation, Starch, Catechin, Bioactivity, Digestion.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622429511.
E-mail Address: Mudasirahmad63@yahoo.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

771
Nano Reduction of Beta Glucan and its Utilization as Nano
Carrier for Sustainable Release
Zanoor Ashraf£, Adil Gani, Asima Shah
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1394

Abstract

This work demonstrates the preparation of β-glucan nanoparticles using emulsion method. Dynamic light
scattering (DLS) confirmed the formation of the β-glucan nano particles. The average size of nanoparticle
as determined by DLS was found out to be 78 nm. Scanning electron microscopy showed less dense
structure for nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed exposure of the -
OH group and other functional groups of β-glucan nanoparticles. Antioxidant properties of β-glucan
nanoparticles was found to be higher comparatively than macro β-glucan. The study confirmed the
decrease in water absorption capacity of nanoparticles which makes it efficient for encapsulating process.
It was reported that there was a considerable decrease in swelling power due to the reduction of the size
which in turn reduces the water retention capacity. From the present study it was concluded size
reduction also decreased viscosity and increased solublity which reflected that it can be used in
fortification of various food ingredients where viscosity and solublity was the main problem. Besides, the
encapsulation efficiency (%) of nano β-glucan was found much higher than macro β-glucan. Further, the
study revealed the improved in- vitro release of α- tocopherol from nano β-glucan compared to macro β-
glucan therby enhancing its application as wall material for various bioactive ingredients.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, β-glucan, Sustained Release.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906943159.
E-mail Address: zanoorulashraf@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

772
Optimization of Time Temperature for Thermal Treatment of
Rista- An Approach to Reduce Negative Changes
Sajad Ahmad Mir£, F. A. Masoodi
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-317

Abstract

The study designed was aimed for the optimization of time temperature for the processing of the
traditional meat product (rista). This approach will not only help in solving the issues related to quality
attributes and nutritional value of the meat products, but will help save energy and time. The time
temperature combinations applied during retorting were 121°C for 30 minutes (T1), 121°C for 20 minutes
(T2), 121°C for 10 minutes (T3). While as product cooked at 100°C acted as control (C). The quality
attributes of the meat product studied during storage studies revealed that T2 was significantly (P<0.05)
best among all treatments. In T2 processed meat products early spoilage, textural deterioration and can
expansion was recorded. Can expansion in T3 might have resulted due to under processing, rapid
microbial growth, and production of gases. T1 did not show any can expansion, but quality parameters of
the meat product were significantly (P<0.05) lower than T2. In terms of microbial load, lowest value for
total plate count was recorded in case of T2 as compared to T1 and control sample. The results recorded
in terms of microbial load, sensory, textural and physicochemical properties revealed that processing of
meat products can be carried out at 121°C for 20 minutes.

Keywords: Rista, Cooked, Can Expansion, Microbial Load, Spoilage.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796315556.
E-mail Address: mirsajad449@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

773
Physico-chemical Properties of Indian Horse Chestnut
(Aesculus indica) Starch Films as Affected by γ-irradiation
Idrees Ahmed Wani£
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-286

Abstract

Food packaging films were developed using starch from Indian Horse Chestnut (IHCN). The influence of
gamma irradiations on the physiochemical properties of IHCN starch films was evaluated. The starch films
were irradiated at1.25, 2.5 and 5 kGy doses, respectively. Irradiated films exhibited varied properties as
compared to native IHCN starch films. The results revealed that irradiation increases flexibility of films
from 50.53 to 66.12%, water holding capacity from 84.24 to 88.55%, solubility from 25.44 to 27.85%, and
transparency from 3.20 to 5.20. Additionally, the films displayed a decrease in mechanical resistance (3.88
to 1.05 MPa), moisture content (10.01 to 8.89%), thickness (0.31 to 0.29 mm), swelling capacity (130.54 to
43.28%), and density (0.163 to 0.156 gcm-3). Also, films showed an increase in water vapor permeability
from 4.17 to 7.61 gm-1s-1Pa-1. In comparison to SEM micrographs of native films, irradiated starch films
depicted less dense and more open structure with small pores which accounts for their high oxygen and
water vapor permeability.

Keywords: Indian Horse Chestnut, Starch, Gamma-Irradiations, Properties

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006684149.
E-mail Address: idwani07@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

774
Phytase from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Boom in Food Industry
Deepali Bhagat£, Preeti Sharma, Parvez Singh Slathia, Neelu Raina
Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, India.
JKSC-1442

Abstract

To meet the nutritional challenges in a country like ours where a large chunk of population is
malnourished so we look towards food with better nutritional qualities. Fermented foods with properties
of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as major tends to improvise the nutritional and functional qualities of the
food. Food rich in phytate content have an anti-nutritional effect as major micronutrients and divalent
ions are chelated in presence of phytic acid. An enzyme from LAB which releases the phosphate ions and
major micronutrients can be of great help in upgrading the food industry. Our studies focus on phytase
from LAB degrading phytic acid or phytate, a richest source of phosphate at low pH conditions. LAB have
a potential of producing organic acids like lactic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, etc. A great potential of
LAB degrading phytate has been observed because of an activation of endogenous plant phytases or a co-
precipitation of phytase and protein as a consequence of fall in pH brought about by production of lactic
acid. We have isolated more than 60 LAB from local fermented milk product and studied the lactic acid
yield for these strains. To our observation we report, the LAB showing homofermentative production of
lactic acid have better phytate degrading activity as compared to strains showing low yields of lactic acid.

Keywords Phytase, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Fermented Food, Lactic Acid, Food Industry.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796006659.
E-mail Address: deepalibhagat89@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

775
Post-Harvest Losses for Cherries During Transportation and
Storage
Varsha Kanojia£, Syed Zameer Hussain, A. Rouf, Monica Reshi
Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1292

Abstract

Postharvest loss can be defined as the degradation in both quantity and quality of a food production from
harvest to consumption. Loss of quality includes those that affect the nutritional value, the composition,
acceptability and the edibility of the product. In developing countries qualitative and quantitative losses
are generally occurs. The post-harvest losses occur on the different stages viz. harvesting, handling,
brushing, drying, storage, primary processing, mixing, peeling, etc. Cherries belong to the Rosaceae
family, along with other stone fruit crops such as almond, apricot, peach and plum. Total world
production of cherry is 2.2 million metric tons with turkey producing 459000 metric tons of cherry making
it the largest cherry producer in the world followed by united states and Italy producing 34716 and 30000
metric tons, respectively. In India total cherry production is 13400 metric tons which accounts for 0.6
percent of the total world production. State of Jammu and Kashmir alone produces 6000 metric tons of
total cherry production of India and thus is the leading cherry producing state of India. Sweet cherries are
highly perishable fruit with a short harvest season. The major loss in quality after harvest include moisture
loss, softening, decay and stem browning. Without compromising their eating quality, the extension in
fruit quality and shelf-life for sweet cherries is feasible by means of combination of good handling practice
and applications of appropriate post-harvest technology. In order to minimize losses of raw materials, an
appropriate method of treatment should be found that will allow preserving the nutritional value of the
material, without causing too much increase in process costs. The favorable storage temperature and
relative humidity for cherries are zero degree celsius and 90-95%, respectively, but it cannot be stored
more than 2 weeks.

Keywords: Cherries, Post Harvest Losses, Temperature, Relative Humidity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8349197396.
E-mail Address: varsha.cae023@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

776
Prevalence of Heat Stable Strains of Bacillus Cereus in Raw and
Cooked Rice Samples in Kashmir Province
Syed Akram Hussain£, Zia Ul Hassan Munshi, Mudasir A. Rather, Najimaana Wani,
Sabu Showkat, Tariq A. Bhat, Ishfaq A. Lone
Division of Veterinary Public Health , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-276

Abstract

Bacillus cereus is one of the commonest food poisoning causing organism widely present in the natural
environment, soil, raw dried or processed foods like cereals, spices, potatoes, rice- noodles, meat sauces
and milk powder etc. The organism has been designated as the common flora of rice and isolated from
un-hulled, polished and unpolished rice. Therefore, if foods are contaminated with B. cereus, especially
enterotoxigenic strains, it might pose a potential risk for the safety and consequently also the health of
consumers. The present study was undertaken to see the incidence of heat stable strains of B. cereus in
raw and cooked rice. For this a total of 100 (raw and cooked rice samples) were analyzed for B. cereus
count, their isolation and bio-typing. In the study, 75% of the raw rice samples were found contaminated
with B. cereus compared with 17% in cooked rice (100°C for 10 minutes). The mean level of contamination
in raw and cooked rice were recorded as 3.496±0.431 log10 cfu/g and 0.299±1.702 log10cfu/g, respectively. A
total of 17 heat stables B. cereus isolates were recovered, out of which 5 (29.41%) fermented xylose, 7
(41.17%) fermented salicin and 9 (52.94%) cellubiose. The bio-typing pattern of B. cereus revealed
predominance of biotype-7 (47.05%), biotype-5 (23.52%), biotype-1 (17.64%) and biotype-2 (11.76%). None
of the isolates fell in biotype- 3, 4 and 6. The present study indicates that B. cereus biotype-7 is the most
common contaminants of raw rice.

Keywords: Bacillus cereus, Heat Stable Strain, Raw And Cooked Rice, Bio-Typing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796754090.
E-mail Address: hussainakram@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

777
Recent Advances in the Development of Various Rapid
Analytical Techniques for Authentication of Honey
Tariq Ahmad£, F. A. Masoodi, Sajad Ahmad Rather, Sajad Mohd Wani, Rehana
Akhter
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1452

Abstract

The market forces which arose due to the advent of globalization, liberalization and privatization are
making food processing sector more dynamic, vibrant and challenging leading to resultant increase in
variability and availability of food products from other countries. In the current global manufacturing and
marketing, food authentication is an important challenge for ensuring better quality food. The quality
assurance and the methods used to authenticate foods are of critical interest both from commercial and
legal point of view. With the increase in lifestyle disorders, the consumers are vying for natural and
authentic food products having nutraceutical properties consequently positioning honey as an important
food commodity. Honey having complex structure coupled with wide spread reportage of adulteration,
by sugar based adulterants like corn syrup, beet syrup, rice syrup, insulin syrup, etc., it becomes all the
more important to discuss and disseminate the knowledge about the recent advances in the development
of various rapid analytical techniques for authentication of honey across the globe. It is often challenging
to authenticate the purity and quality by using common methods such as physicochemical parameters
and specialized techniques like infrared spectroscopy, front phase fluorimetric spectroscopy, nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, etc. for the scientific
validation. These advanced techniques can be employed in industry for quality analysis of large scale
samples for export or import purposes. With these views in mind the present paper reviews the recent
advances in the development of various rapid analytical techniques for authentication of honey.

Keywords: Honey, Adulteration, Authentication, Rapid Analytical Techniques, Quality.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906480112.
E-mail Address: tariqtech@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

778
Role of Flavours in Food Industries
Qudsiya Ayaz£, Haroon Rashid Naik
Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-626

Abstract

The flavour of food is the most important component to the taste of food and plays an important role in
its consumption and acceptance. In addition, the flavour of food stimulate salivary flow and consequently
aid digestion and metabolism. The food flavours market is projected to grow at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% from 2015 to 2020. The increase in the world’s population and the movement
of people from rural areas to towns resulted in life-style changes and the need for a more formalized food
supply structure. This developed into the food industry. The addition of scientifically developed
flavourings is needed to compensate for the loss of flavour during the processing of such foods. Another
result of urbanization and our modern way of life is the demand for snacks, soft drinks, desserts,
confectionery and so on. This sort of food would be most uninteresting without the addition of
flavourings. Flavourings can be used to assist to compensate for reductions in undesirable food ingredients
such as fat, sugar, and salt. Flavouring substances are composed of hundreds of different molecular species
both volatile and non-volatile. The distinction of flavours is essential for understanding the basic principle
and philosophy for the use of flavourings in foods. Sometimes flavours are developed by thermal process
(Millard’s reaction) mostly used in food industries. Natural food flavours have attracted attention of food
ingredients manufacturers, with increasing consumer demand for fresh and natural products. Flavours
have a large scope of application in food industry particularly in beverage sector followed by dairy and
savoury industry. The foundation of flavours in sensory evaluation, isolation and analysis of flavour
volatiles, flavour science has become a much broader subject aiming to provide a comprehensive
understanding of flavour from its generation in food to its perception during eating.

Keywords: Savoury, Maillards , Perception, Volatiles, Sensory.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797742439.
E-mail Address: sehar.khan777@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

779
Trapa Cake: An Innovative Product
Afsah Iqbal Nahvi£, Sanya Khan
Department of Home Science , University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-391

Abstract

Wular Lake, the largest fresh water lake in South Asia is the biggest producer of water chestnuts in the
Himalayan state. Water chestnut or singhara (Trapa talic) locally known as Ghour in valley of Kashmir, is
an oil free seed, triangular in shape, white and thick and has a mild sweet taste and flavour. Importance
of water chestnut in Kashmir dates back to times of Sir Walter Lawrence when the main crop of the valley
was destroyed due to floods in 1893; the flour of Singhara (Water chestnut) saved people from starvation.
In valley Singhara is mostly eaten like nuts, fried, dry or roasted. Water chestnuts are known for its
remarkable nutritional composition; rich in minerals like iodine, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus,
potassium, sodium and zinc and very poor in carbohydrates and proteins. Efforts are taken to
commercialize the processing and its sale in the market. During the present study an attempt was made
to make some innovative value-added product of trapa flour. Local trapa flour was used to make trapa
cake. The entire standard ingredients were purchased from local market. The chemical composition and
sensory evaluation was done by using standard methods of analysis. The results revealed value addition
significantly (p < 0.03) increased the calorific value, protein, vitamin A content. The organoleptic test was
done which revealed that the texture, taste was good with overall acceptability.

Keywords: Trapa, Singhara, Value addition , Cake.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006730129.
E-mail Address: afsahiqbal@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

780
Water Extractable Pentosans - Quantification of Ferulic Acid
Using RP-HPLC, Techno-Rheological and Antioxidant
Properties
Asima Jan£, F.A. Masoodi, Adil Gani
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1494

Abstract

Pentosans are non-starch polysaccharides mainly originated in the endosperm cell walls of cereal grains.
They are the pentose sugars made of arabinose and xylose and hence are often referred to as arabinoxylans.
Water extractable pentosans extracted from three varieties of oats (Sabzaar, SKO20, & SKO90) showed a
characteristic absorption peak in the range of 1200-850 cm-1 which is the finger printing region of the
pentosans as revealed from FTIR spectra. Rheological measurements revealed that all the water
extractable pentosans exhibited shear-thinning behavior. Physico-chemical properties of water
extractable pentosans from three varieties varied significantly in the range of 4.01 - 4.1 g/g for water
holding capacity, 42.66-55.37% for water solubility index, 1.21-2.69 g/g for swelling power, and 3.15-5.13
mL/100mL for foaming capacity. The ferulic acid content of water soluble pentosans from SKO20 (423.00
µg / 100g) was significantly higher compared to Sabzaar (250.00 µg / 100g) and SKO90 (253.00 µg / 100g).
Water soluble pentosans had DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, and metal chelation activity in
the range of 13.57-17.45 (µg α-tocoperol /g), 8.91 - 10.24 (µg BHT/ g), and 0.55 -0.76 (µg citric acid/g),
respectively.

Keywords: Pentosans, RP-HPLC, Antioxidant Activity.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596191861.
E-mail Address: shahasima.au2@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

781
Non-timber Forest Products (NTPFs) Supporting Household
Food Security in Gurez Valley of Kashmir
Ummar Atta£, M.A. Islam, F. A. Shah Khan
Faculty of Forestry, Sher-E-Kashmir University Of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Of Kashmir,Ganderbal, India.
JKSC-1478

Abstract

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) pragmatically proved to act as the hidden• source of food security
at times when the conventional sources of foods are present in an inadequate quantity or completely
unavailable. Thus, this study seeks to document the diversity, distribution, and utilization pattern of
edible non-timber forest products (NTFPs) among the households in Gurez valley of Kashmir. Multi-stage
random sampling technique was employed to select the villages (10) and the households (103). Primary
data collected were based on the personal interviews taken from the household heads by using the well-
structured pre-tested interview schedules and quasi-participant observations. The results from the study
revealed that the sample population consumes 61 edible NTFPs derived from a total of 54 species
belonging to 46 genera and 26 families. Of the total edible NTFPs leaves represent the highest (25)
followed by fruit (11), root (5), flower, edible nut, seed, tender shoot (3) in each category, basidiocarp (2),
whole plant (2), rhizome (1) and tuber (1) . The plant habitat of these species includes herbs (33) followed
by shrubs (10), trees (5), climbers (3), fungi (2) and fern (1). Among the use category the maximum (30) of
edible NTFPs were consumed as wild vegetables followed by edible fruits (11), beverages (11), spices (5),
edible nuts (3), pickles (2), edible seed (2), chutney (2) and oilseed (1). The present investigation revealed
that edible NTFPs constitute the main source of diet, nutrition, economy, and health of the people acting
as a safety net in cases of exigency. Due to haphazard forest policy on NTFPs that has impacted adversely
their promotion and development as most of the policies were intended at forest conservation and timber
production, the livelihood opportunities of NTFPs for local populace were ignored. To keep the safety-net
function of forest foods available for them as a coping strategy, it is vital to call on policy-makers and
development actors that the concrete forest policy should be linked to NTFPs based food security
strategies on a sustainable basis.

Keywords: Non-Timber Forest Products, Food Security, Sustainable, Gurez, Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9086202648.
E-mail Address: ummarshah614@yahoo.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

782
Home Science
784
A Study on Adolescent-Parent Relationship with Reference to
Fathers in a Rural Setting
Shaheeda Shaban£, Hummara Azim
Institute of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-734

Abstract

Adolescence is often termed as the period of conflict, involving emotional turmoil, conflict with parents
and other family members, alienation from adult society, reckless behavior and rejection of adult values.
A common belief is that there is a huge gulf that separates parents and adolescents in the form of a so-
called generation gap- that is, during adolescence, the values and attitudes of adolescents become
increasingly distanced from those of their parents. For the most part generation gap is a stereotype.
According to a research study on adolescent- parent conflict, a minority of parents (20-25 %) has a high
degree of conflict with their parents, but for the substantial majority the conflict is moderate or low. Close
relationships with parents are important in the adolescent development because these relationships
function as models or templates that are carried over time to influence the construction of new
relationships. The present investigation was aimed to study adolescent-parent relationship with reference
to fathers in a rural setting. The study covered boys and girls in the age group of 12-18 years from rural
areas of Kashmir valley. The sample for the study comprised of 150 males and 150 females total of 300
adolescents. Information was gathered by Parent Child Relationship Scale by Nalini Rao (1989).
Respondents were selected purposively and randomly from rural areas of Kashmir valley. The study
revealed that most of the respondents were of the opinion that their fathers were average on protecting
level and felt that they often used symbolic punishment to them. Also, most of the respondent’s father
scored average as far as rejecting, object punishment, demanding, indifferent and loving aspect of the
scale was concerned.

Keywords: Adolescence, Relationship, Father, Conflict, Parent, Turmoil.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9149522767.
E-mail Address: shahida.shaban@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

785
A Study on the Factors Contributing to the Students Academic
Performance in Different Universities of Kashmir Valley
Sabahat Hussain1£, Sidrat-Ul-Muntaha Anees2, Nusrat3, Shahzada Akhtar4, Bilal A.
Bhat5
1
University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
2
Government College for Women M.A.Road Srinagar, India.
3
IMFA, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Department of Urdu, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
5
Division of Social Science, FoF, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1046

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the factors affecting academic performance of University
students in Kashmir valley of Jammu and Kashmir State. The variables under consideration in this study
were the academic performance (student’s grades/marks) as a dependent variable and the gender, age,
faculty of study, schooling, father/guardian education and economic status, and residential area, tuition
trend, daily study hours and accommodation trend were independent variables. The data were collected
from 400 students through structured questionnaire from different universities of Kashmir valley using
stratified random sampling technique. For analysis of data, standard statistical tools i.e. linear regression
model, correlation analysis, and descriptive analysis were used with the help of SPSS software. The results
of the study revealed that age, father/guardian education, economic status and daily study hours
significantly contribute to the academic performance of university students. A linear model was also
proposed that will be helpful to improve the academic performance of the students.

Keywords: Kashmir, Academic Performance, Student, Statistics, Dependent Variable.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8489041662.
E-mail Address: sabahat3991@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

786
A Study on Nutrient Intake of Pregnant Women in Kashmir
Uzma Ali£, Hummara Azim
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-280

Abstract

Malnourished women are particularly vulnerable to pregnancy and child birth. It gives rise to
complications side low birth weight or immature baby. From time immemorial, it has been recognized
that women, especially pregnant, form one of the most vulnerable segments of the population from
nutritional point of view. Most of the pregnant women in Kashmir especially from rural sector face poor
health conditions and are highly prone to diseases due to wrong lifestyle, poor hygiene, unhealthy
superstitions, faulty dietary habits and other cultural practices. While under nutrition continues to be a
major problem.
The present study was aimed to study the nutrient intake of pregnant women in Kashmir. The total of 400
pregnant women from all the 10 districts of Kashmir Valley were covered. The sample size was derived
from the target population (1, 31,240 pregnant women) at the 5% error level with confidence level of 95%
using the sample size determination formula. The sample size was further distributed among the selected
districts on the basis of probability proportional to size. To gather information from 400 pregnant women.
Questionnaire was used. Respondents were selected purposively and randomly from all the districts of
Kashmir valley. Data collection was done in the various districts of Kashmir. It was found that dietary
intake of calories, proteins, calcium, iron and folic acid was lower than the ICMR recommendations for
majority of the studied sample whereas the mean intake of fats (gms) in all districts was deviating
positively from RDA of ICMR.

Keywords: Health, Nutrition, Women, Dietary.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889813326.
E-mail Address: khanuzmaali18@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

787
A Study on Adulteration of Spices and Oils with Specific
Reference to City
Naila Irshad Shah£, Hummara Azim
Institute Of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1083

Abstract

Adulteration is a term applied to the deterioration of the quality of different articles of food, drugs etc.,
by way of mixing them with cheap and inferior substances. The present study was carried out with the
objectives of detecting adulteration in certain selected food items and identification of different types of
adulterants in these foods. The samples comprised of different food products, which were randomly
selected and collected from various open markets of Srinagar city. The samples of chili powder, turmeric
powder and edible oil were analyzed in the laboratory for the presence of adulterants using various
standard qualitative chemical tests given by AGMARK and PFA Act 1954. The results obtained from the
study depicted that 100% of the samples had at least one or more of the possible adulterants present in
them. Different types of adulterants were found to be present in different food stuffs. Chili powder had
brick powder, red lead, coal tar dyes and other adulterants. Likewise, turmeric powder had metanil yellow,
chalk powder etc. present in it. Different adulterants as sesame oil, argemone oil and mineral oil were
found to be present in edible oils. Thus, it can be concluded that adulteration was common in the different
spices and edible oils sold in the open markets of Srinagar city and different hazardous adulterants were
found to be present in these foods.

Keywords: Adulteration, Adulterants, Food, Spices, Edible Oil.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419075505.
E-mail Address: nailairshadshah@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

788
Consumption Pattern of Junk Foods by Obese and Non-Obese
Adolescent Girls of Srinagar City
Shafia Jan£, Nilofer Khan, Naheed Vaida
Institute of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-851

Abstract

Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development. Teenagers need more calories during this
period than they will ever need again in their lives. Loading up on junk foods such as Cold drinks, chips,
burgers etc. may affect teen’s weight, nutritional intake and health. An adolescent should develop good
food habits to decrease their risk of obesity and chronic diseases in adolescence and later life. The present
study thus aimed to determine and compare the food habits of obese and non-obese adolescents (13-18
years). Participants were interviewed to assess their dietary intake by one of the important methods of
dietary assessment i.e. food frequency method. Data was collected from 430 adolescent girls by sampling
techniques such as probability proportion to size and random sampling procedure. Sample was taken
from various Government and private schools of Srinagar city of J&K. Results of the study revealed that
the junk foods remained the most popular choice of snacks among adolescents. The frequency of
consumption of soft drinks by majority of obese subjects (31.6%) was significantly higher than non-obese
subjects (20%) who used to take Cold drinks at least once a week.

Keywords: Dietary Intake, Obesity, Junk Foods, Adolescence, Activity Pattern.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715031455.
E-mail Address: mshafia7@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

789
Disruptive Patterns of Eating Behavior and Associated
Lifestyles in Children with ADHD
Arjumand Yousuf£
The Elite School Dubai.
JKSC-644

Abstract

Today machines have surpassed us both in physical and the cognitive dimensions, the children and young
are rapidly becoming prolific users of various emerging technologies like internet, watching and playing
online games. There are reports which are surprising as well as disturbing about the changing trends in
the behavioral patterns among them. From the child developmental perspective few technological
advances have unexpectedly worrying implications on the behavioral characteristics of children and
young generation. While many are suitable for them, others are unscrupulous gimmicky methods to profit
from a young and impressionable audience. According to recent World Health Organization (WHO)
reports currently 300 million people worldwide are suffering from different mental health related
challenges most prominent being depression and if nothing is done it predicts the world will have mental
health illnesses as number one disease. One among many emerging behavioral signs is ADHD or Attention
Deficits Hyperactivity Disorder. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that has
psychological, social, and somatic aspects. The results of the present study point to several significant
differences in eating habits and lifestyle in ADHD children compared to the control group. ADHD is a
widespread neurological/behavioral disorder predominantly affecting boys that is characterized by
inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity, or combined symptomatology. Children diagnosed with
ADHD are predisposed to aberrant or compromised growth and development functionally linked to
complex symptom factors. From nutritional and physiological perspectives, children diagnosed with
ADHD are predisposed to irregular and/or impulsive eating patterns. Data sets were obtained from
structured interviews of parents of 30 boys (aged 6-10 years) previously diagnosed with combined type
ADHD. Eating habits were assessed with a structured interview for parents, focused on eating habits and
related lifestyle phenomena based on previous research.

Keywords Words: Emerging Technologies, Behavioural Patterns, Mental Health, ADHD, Eating Habits, Lifestyle.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796351385.
E-mail Address: arjumandsajad@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

790
Effect of Birth Spacing, Maternal Educational and Occupation
Status on Birth Weight of Normally Delivered Kashmiri
Neonates
Gazala Nisar£, Nilofer Khan
Institute of Home Science University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1297

Abstract

The weight of the infant is crucial for its survival. The present study was conducted to find out the effect
of maternal educational status, occupation and birth spacing on the birth weight of Kashmiri neonates. A
comprehensive questionnaire-cum-interview schedule was designed to collect information. A total
sample of 350 singletons live born normal babies were purposively selected from rural (190) and urban
(160) areas of Kashmir. Samples were taken from lalladed hospital of Srinagar Kashmir. The birth weight
of neonate was assessed soon after birth by using scientifically designed weighing techniques. The results
of the study revealed that as the educational status of the mother increased, the average birth weight of
neonate also increased. Overall neonates born to illiterate mothers were having an average birth weight
of 2.70kg (± 37kg) as compared to neonates born to mothers who were above graduates, having an
average birth weight of 3.30kg (± .39kg). The results were statically significant. The same trend was also
seen among rural and urban neonates with urban neonates having an average birth weight of 2.74 kg (±
.40 kg) and rural neonates having an average birth weight of 2.64kg (± .29 kg) belonging to illiterate
mothers. While more average birth weight i.e. 3.43 kg (±.34 kg) and 3.17 kg (± .42 kg) was seen among
urban and rural neonates respectively, belonging to mothers who were above graduate. Overall the
average birth weight of neonates born to housewives was more as compared to those of working mothers.
Overall the average birth weight of neonates born to housewives was more i.e. 3.01kg (+.42kg) as against
average birth weight of 2.93kg (+.35kg), 2.92kg (+.41kg) and 2.56kg (+.28kg) among neonates born to govt.
employee, private employee and skilled workers respectively. The results were statistically significant
ANOVA= 20.171(P=

Keywords: Birth Weight, Neonates, Relationship, Maternal Educational Status, Occupation, Birth Spacing, Correlation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906834330.
E-mail Address: gazalanisar@yahoo.co.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

791
Flora and Faunal Utilization for Health and Food Practices “A
Study on Indigenous Traditional Health and Food Practices in
District Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir”
Bhinish Shakeel1£, Hummara Azim2, Nayeema Jabeen3.
1,2
Institute Of Home Science, University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.,
3
Division of Olericulture, Shere Kashmir University of Sciences and Agricultural Technology, SKUAST-K, India.
JKSC-295

Abstract

Over the last few decades there has generated compelling evidence against the use of Indigenous
Traditional Knowledge (ITK) across the global. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 70%
of people living in developing countries depend on ITK for their survival. In a study conducted in 2017 on
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge in Health and Food Practices in District Budgam in the State of Jammu
and Kashmir revealed that people living in proximity to forests have direct dependence on them for flora
and fauna. The study was undertaken in three blocks of the district Budgam using semi-structured
interview schedule and Focused Group Discussion. The study revealed that people depend on local flora
and fauna for ailments like, cough, cold, burns, oral hygiene, skin problems, stomach, intestinal problems,
eyes and nose problems among many others. Among the 36 plants identified by the stakeholders, leaves
were used in 44.44% ailments as potential health remedies followed by stem (22.22%), whole plant
(16.6%), seed (13.8%), root (11.11%), bulb (5.5%), fruit (5.5%) bark (2.7%) and flower (2.7%). These were
found to be administered in the form of powder, paste, concoction, decoction, infusion and juice. Nearly
55.5% of these remedies were made from single species while the rest were prepared by complimenting
with other substances. About 30.55% were cooked to be consumed as vegetables with meal. Similarly, a
total of 12 faunal uses were stated by the respondents in which 58.33% were domestic animals, 16.7% were
fish, 16.7% were insects and 8.3% was chicken. In 50% cases animal products were used for treatment.
Animal parts were used in 25% cases followed by use of excreta in 16.6% cases. It is evidently clear that
that there is a close nexus between human and flora/fauna of Budgam which present a wide range of
simple solutions to some of the basic health ailments. In a country like India, where accessibility and
health care infrastructure pose huge challenges, the rich bio-diversity act as dispensary of sorts that offer
first aid to vulnerable people at grassroots. There is need to document these practices for further scientific
researches and validation and developing alternative therapies for health ailments.

Keywords: Indigenous Traditional Knowledge, Health Care Practice, Flora and Fauna, Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419014560.
E-mail Address: bhinishshakeel@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

792
Lower Limb Amputation: An Assessment of Depression
Shafia Nazir£
Institute of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-646

Abstract

Amputation is a sudden injury to arm or leg that results in the loss of part or that entire limb. Most of the
amputees encounter a series of complex psychological responses, Majority requires psychological
intervention and it has been witnessed that depression is the most common psychological reaction to
amputation. Most patients who lose a limb because of traumatic or surgical procedures encounter a series
of complex psychological responses Cansever et al (2003). Many people successfully use these responses
to adjust to amputation, but others develop psychiatric symptoms Frank et al (1984). Shula and Colleagues
(1982) reported that depression is the most common psychological reaction among amputees. The present
study was aimed to assess the severity of depression in 15-85 years old fifty males and females (27 males
and 23 females) selected randomly from various hospitals and rehabilitation centers of Srinagar city. A
five-point rating scale on depression devised by Dr. Shamin karim and Dr. Rama Tiwari (1986) was
administered on the sample. Results indicated that very high depression was found in 14% of the sample,
20% of the sample suffered high depression, moderate depression was diagnosed in 26%, low depression
was found in 24% and very low depression in 16% of the sample. Although the sample was selected
randomly without any due consideration to gender distribution, findings also reveal that gender is one
socio-demographic factor associated with outcome following amputation. According to research by
Cansever and colleagues (2003), psychological reactions to amputation depend on factors, which include
age and sex also. It was inferred that females suffered more reactive depression than their male
counterparts.

Keywords: Amputation, Depression, Young Adults.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858406406.
E-mail Address: shfnazir@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

793
Spiritual Wellness Among Muslim Adults of Jammu City
Sanya Khan£, Samridhi Arora, Afsah Iqbal,
Department of Home Science, Jammu University, India.
JKSC-1153

Abstract

The present research was conducted to study the spiritual wellness of Muslim adults of Jammu city. The
objective was to study the Spiritual wellness of the sample group in context of age and sex. The sample for
the study comprises of 120 young and older adults of Jammu city i.e. 60 young and 60 older adults and out
of these 30 males and 30 females in the age group of 20-35 and 60+. A purposive sampling technique was
used to select the sample and the tool used for present study was Spiritual Wellness Inventory. Data was
analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study revealed that majority of the young
adults were students and older adults were retired personnel. It was found that majority of the sample
were from extended families. Most of the young adults were post graduates and older adults were higher
secondary. Overall, the spiritual wellness of the adults implies that majority of the young and older adults
had average spiritual wellness. Only few dimensions on which young and older adults have achieved
higher scores were conception of divinity, meaning, connectedness, knowledge /learning. It implies that
young and older adults sense that their life is more worth living and they had a deeper sense of belonging
and this sense of belonging may be to a community, to the universe, or as integrated whole persons. Also,
they felt that they could acquire new knowledge and could have new learning experiences when required.

Keywords: Spiritual Wellness, Adults, Muslim.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889695182.
E-mail Address: sanyakhan63@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

794
Emotional Intelligence Among Hearing Impaired and Normal
Adolescents in Srinagar City
Shafia Nazir£, Rumaisa
Institute of home Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-647

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the Emotional Intelligence among Hearing Impaired and Normal
Adolescents in Srinagar City. The objectives of the study were to identify the sample of hearing impaired
and normal adolescents from various government and private schools of Srinagar city and to compare
them on emotional intelligence. The sample was selected through purposive random sampling technique.
The study utilized a total sample of 60 adolescent boys and girls (30 hearing impaired and 30 normal
adolescents). The standardized tool used for data collection was Emotional intelligence scale by
Dr.A.K.Singh and Shruti Narain. Various statistical tests i.e., mean, standard deviation, and t-test were
used to facilitate the analysis and interpretation to know the degree of significance. It was inferred from
the findings that there is a significant difference between hearing impaired and normal adolescents on
emotional intelligence. The research further indicated that early and late adolescents differ significantly
on the dimensions of emotional intelligence. It was also reflected in the results that impairment
significantly influences the Emotional Intelligence among adolescents.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Hearing Impairment, Adolescents.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858406406.
E-mail Address: shfnazir@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

795
Nanotechnology
798
CdS: Ag Composite Nanoparticles Mediated by Melia
Azedarach Leaves Extract
Anju Nigam£, Muzaffar Iqbal Khan, Shailendra Chomola, Pawan Singh, Shubra Kala
Department of Physics, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India.
JKSC-1289

Abstract

CdS thin films are largely applicable in solar cell devices. However, CdS films are highly resistive in nature.
One of the methodologies, to reduce the resistivity of CdS thin films is the doping of metals. In the present
study, CdS thin films are synthesized by chemical bath technique. Cadmium chloride, thiourea and
ammonium chloride are used to grow the CdS thin films on cleaned glass substrates. During the
deposition, bath temperature is maintained 80°C, while pH is varied from 9 to 11. Ag nanoparticles
exhibit a very distinctive optical property due to surface plasmon, therefore, efficient of light absorber.
Green route is utilized to synthesize Ag nanoparticles. Melia Azedarach, (locally known as Daikan and
Indian lilac, from Meliaceae family), one of the plants, contains sufficient amount of Ag and is found
abundantly in sub Himalayan region. The leaves extract of the plant is used to reduce Ag salt. Melia
Azedarach leaves were collected and sun dried. Then weighted amount of dried leaves were moderately
heated in deionized water for 30 minutes. After that solution was left in air for cooling and finally filtered
twice to obtain extract. AgNO3 salt solutions of different molarities, 0.1-0.001 M, were prepared in
deionized water. Subsequently, in AgNO3 salt solutions, the prepared extract of known volume was added,
which resulted in the remarkable change in the color of both solutions on mixing. This change in visual
appearance is an indicator of reduction of AgNO3 salt by leave extract and formation of Ag nanoparticles.
By filtration and drying steps, Ag nanoparticles are collected from the solution. Thus obtained Ag
nanoparticles are added in the solution during the formation of CdS thin films. The prepared CdS thin
films, Ag nanoparticles and CdS:Ag composite thin films were characterized by the X -Ray diffraction,
scanning electron microscope and UV-VIS spectroscopy.

Keywords: Cds, Melia Azedarach, Agno3, Nanoparticles.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9858940390.
E-mail Address: nigamanju69@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

799
Effect of pH and Dopant Concentration on Intensity of Gd2O3:
Eu Phosphors Synthesized by Hyrothermal Method
Ruby Priya£, Om Parkash Pandey
School of Physics And Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India.
JKSC-1224

Abstract

A series of Gd2-xO3:x%Eu (x= 0 to 10%) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The structural,
morphological and optical properties of as-synthesized samples were studied by X-ray diffraction
technique, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV/Vis specrtoscopy and photoluminescence
spectrometer. The effect of pH variation and dopant concentration on the luminescent intensity of
phosphors were studied in details. When the phosphors were excited by UV radiation, they exhibited a
sharp red emission at 611nm which corresponds to the hypersensitive 5D0-> 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions.
The as-synthesized phosphors are expected to have tremendous applications in the field of semiconductor
devices, field emission displays and optical devices.

Keywords: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Nanophosphors, Gadolinium Oxide, Photoluminescence.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 7355595571.
E-mail Address: rubypriya1994@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

800
Fabrication of the Regenerated Cellulose Nanofibers
Incorporated with TiO2/ Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for
Application in Bone Regeneration.
Roqia Ashraf£, Hasham S Sofi, Abdul Hanan Khan, Faheem A Shiekh
Department Of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-517

Abstract

Electrospinning, a versatile and the most commonly used technique for the fabrication of nanofibers has
opened the unlimited avenues to explore in the biomedical fields (such as wound dressing and drug
delivery), tissue-engineering and in regenerative medicine. The fabrication of the various nanostructures
such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanospheres, hydrogels, conduits/guides have been functionalized with
wide-range of biomolecules to serve the various distinct goals of the particular study, with respect to the
ultimate application of these nanostructures in the aforementioned fields. In this study, the fabrication of
the cellulose acetate nanofibers was achieved with the incorporation of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles
(TiO2 NPs) by the process of electrospinning. The electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers after
fabrication were subjected to saponification and investigated for various properties. The morphological
analysis of the fabricated nanofibers along with the TiO2 NPs was done by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). The incorporation of the TiO2 NPs and post-saponification treatment of the nanofibers was
investigated by the FTIR spectroscopy. Future work of this study includes the incorporation of the
hydroxyapatite to potentiate the mineralization and the bioactivity analysis of this scaffold such as cell
adhesion, viability and proliferation upon seeding with the osteoblastic cell line. We will also analyze the
mechanical properties of the as-prepared regenerated cellulose acetate nanofibers incorporated with TiO2
NPs and pristine cellulose acetate nanofibers comparatively.

Keywords: Electrospinning, Cellulose, Titanium Dioxide, Nanoparticles, Bone Regeneration .

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9596349144.
E-mail Address: ruqiareshi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

801
Facile Process to Utilize Plastic Wastes for Energy Production
and Storage Applications
Rameez Ahmad Mir£, Om Prakash Pandey
School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Patiala, India.
JKSC-1165

Abstract

Energy produced through natural resources like coal, petroleum is causing environmental problems. To
address these problems, alternate source to get energy are being searched. In this category, hydrogen is
considered as the principal renewable and eco-friendly energy source. The electrochemical water splitting
via hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great importance and research interest. The efficiency and
commercialization of hydrogen produced via HER is still a challenge. Currently, noble metal-based
catalysts are used for HER, which makes the process uneconomical. Now the emphasis is to search new
catalysts of high efficiency with low cost to replace noble metal catalysts. In this category molybdenum
carbide (Mo2C) is one, which shows efficient performance towards HER in both acidic and basic medium.
The electrocatalytic activity of Mo2C is governed by the various factors like nature of support (carbon
coating), amount of carbon, size, and morphology of the particle, which depends on the method of
synthesis. Traditionally, different high temperature and multistep synthesis methods are adopted to
synthesize bulk sized Mo2C, which makes the process uneconomical. Thus the synthesis of low-cost
carbon coated Mo2C at the nanoscale is highly desirable. The waste material utilization for its synthesis
will further make the process more economical. Considering these aspects, in the present work, a new
process is developed to synthesize carbon coated Mo¬2C nanopowders utilizing plastic waste as the
carbon source in specially designed autoclave at low temperature. The process demonstrates a path to
synthesize Mo2C nanoparticles at large scale for commercial use. This will also address the environmental
issues caused due to the disposal of plastic wastes. The utilization of plastic wastes rich in carbon and
hydrogen in an autoclave makes the synthesized product cost effective. The decomposed hydrocarbon
gases help in carburization to form the final product. The reaction parameters temperature and time have
been optimized to obtain single phase Mo2C. The HER activity of Mo2C was studied in acidic medium
0.5M H2SO4 via three electrode setup with glassy carbon electrode (GCE), graphite rod and reversible
hydrogen electrode (RHE) as working, counter and reference electrodes, respectively. The as synthesized
product showed efficient HER results and stability up to 3000 cycles. The product obtained is the highly
stable catalyst.

Keywords: Plastic Waste, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Carbon Coating.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 8699335471.
E-mail Address: mirrameezee@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

802
Halide Perovskites, the Class of Potential Materials for
Application as Power Sources in the Internet of Things (IoT)
Khursheed Ahmad Parrey£, Mohd. Warish, Asad Niazi
Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
JKSC-1222

Abstract

Hybrid Perovskite, methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) is presently investigated as active

material in perovskite solar cells. This is a class of material which has gained much attention due to their
different crystal structure and exciting optoelectronic properties. Its stability, high optical band gap, low
processing temperature and abundant elemental constituents provide numerous advantages over most
absorber materials. Many kinds of solar cells such as Si solar cells, compound solar cells, and organic solar
cells have been investigated. Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention for high
power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low cost solar cells. PSCs were first reported in 2009 and the PCE
was 3.8%. The PCE of PSCs has improved and PCE of over 20% was achieved. To date HOPs have been
applied in various fields including photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, solar to fuel energy conversion
devices etc. However, the current photonics based technological advancements demand flexible
optoelectronic devices that could be integrated with portable photovoltaics, display devices, flexible cell
phones and biosensors. These materials have also been studied for non-volatile switching memory device
applications and high-density data- storage devices. Thus, the energy harvesting ability of HOPs together
with other device applications could prove a key enabler to the internet of things (IoT), which promises a
diverse network of interdependent devices and sensors to speculate the world we live in. The synthesized
CH3NH3PbI3 was used as a photo absorber material in a hole-conductor free photovoltaic device with
TiO2 as an electron conductor. This configuration of the perovskite photovoltaic device exploits the role
of CH3NH3PbI3 simultaneously as light absorber and hole-conducting material. We report two device
configurations: (a) with a compact TiO2 buffer layer introduced between the porous TiO2 and FTO and
(b) without the compact TiO2 layer over the FTO substrate. The simple solar cell structure
FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Ag presented here shows good photovoltaic performance under illumination
with standard AM1.5 sunlight. For the champion devices from the two structures, (a) and (b), we obtained
short circuit photocurrent densities as Jsc= 17.4 mA/cm 2 and 19.5 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage Voc =
1.0V and 1.45V, fill factor FF = 0.54 and 0.29 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.90% and 2.39%
respectively under solar light intensity flux of 100 mW/cm2. We find that structure (a) offers significantly
better device parameters.

Keywords: Halide Perovskites, Sensors, Solar Photovoltaics, Internet of Things

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9205838312.
E-mail Address: khutrshidphst25@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

803
Molecular Cloning of HMGR as a Strategy for Elevated Aconite
Biosynthesis in Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex Royle
Tareq Ahmad Wani£, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo, Shah Rafiq, Mudasar Ahmad Ganai
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-762

Abstract

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex Royle (Ranunculaceae) is a rich repository of active diterpene alkaloids
commonly known as aconites which include atisine, hetisine and heteratisine. These constituents bestow
the plant a wide range of medicinal properties against various ailments of immune, digestive and nervous
system diseases. The species has sizeable market demand on account of its commercial use as a plant drug
"Ativisa" used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
(HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) is one of the key enzymes involved in diterpene alkaloid biosynthesis. As a multi gene
family, the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate, a very specific precursor of this pathway.
Against this backdrop, the aim of the present study included molecular cloning of cDNA clones of
AhHMGR with an ORF of 1796 bps. In silico analysis, elucidation and analysis of regulatory domains in
the coding sequence and phylogenetic analysis was also performed. Further, the expression level was also
observed in different vegetative organs of the plant. Transcript level was expressed maximally in rhizome
part of the plant pointing towards its maximum aconite biosynthesis. Present investigation provides an
insight for targeting AhHMGR as a prospective means for elevated secondary metabolite production in A.
heterophyllum.

Keywords: Aconitum Heterophyllum, Aconite, HMGR, Cloning, Phylogeny.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9906627500.
E-mail Address: wanitariq.bio.iiim@gmail.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

804
Mycosynthesis of Nano-Silver from Endophytic Fungi Isolated
from Medicinal Plant and its Application Against Human
Pathogens
Tahira Akther£, Mohd Shahanbaj Khan, B. S. Abdur Rahman, S. Hemlatha
Crescent Inst. of Science and Tech., Chennai, India.
JKSC-278

Abstract

In the present study, extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using aqueous
extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant. Myco silver nanoparticles were
characterized by using UV is spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX). The antibacterial and
antioxidant activities of myco nanoparticles were tested. The results revealed the formation of mycosilver
nanoparticles, which was first detected by the colour change of the reaction mixture and TEM analysis
showed that mycosilver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average size of 20nm, SEM analysis
showed the morphology of mycosilver nanoparticles and EDAX pattern indicated the presence of metallic
silver. FTIR spectra of mycosilver nanoparticles showed the possible functional groups responsible for the
reduction and stabilization of mycosilver nanoparticles. The myco nanoparticles suppressed the growth
of both Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic microbes. This suggests that these nanoparticles are
potential antibacterial agents that can be utilized to break antibacterial resistance.

Keywords: Mycosilver Nanoparticles, Endophytic Fungi, Antibacterial Activity, Antifungal Activity, DPPH Assay

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 7418161188.
E-mail Address: princesstahira209@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

805
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles
Irshad Ahmad Wani£
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College(Boys), Anantnag, India.
JKSC-190

Abstract

Silver nanopartilces has been synthesized by employing two different synthetic strategies viz. Chemical
and biological. In Chemical synthesis microemulsions of three different surfactants viz. CTAB, Tergitol
and Triton X-100 have been employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles of different sizes and
morphologies. Effect of the surfactant type on the size and morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles
has been studied in details. Microscopic studies reveal that Triton-X 100 produced silver nanoparticles of
disc shaped morphology of average size of 8 nm while Tergitol and CTAB produced spherical (30 nm)
and cube shaped (40 nm) silver nanoparticles respectively. Surface area studies reveal that 8 nm silver
nanodiscs have highest surface area of 15 m2/g while 40 nm spherical silver nanoparticles have the lowest
surface area of 3.45 m2/g. Silver nanoparticles show very good antimicrobial activity against the yeast
Candida albicans and the bacterium E. coli. with 8 nm silver nanodiscs showing highest biological activity.
In biological approach monodisperse and highly crystalline silver nanoparticles have been synthesized
using cell free extract of fungus Candida albicans. Transmission electron microscopy shows the formation
of silver nanocrystals of average size of 30 nm very high specific surface area of 184 m2/g which is the
highest value reported so far. The formation of silver nanoparticles was also confirmed by the presence of
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band at 450 nm. The antimicrobial activity of as synthesized silver
nanoparticles was investigated against staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (E.coli). The results
suggests that these nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors against the test
microorganisms. E.coli, a gram negative bacterium was found to be more susceptible to silver
nanoparticles than S. aureus, a gram positive bacterium. Thus the biological approach using fungal cell
extract has resulted in the production of silver nanoparticles of highest surface area as compared to
chemically sythesized silver nanoparticles inside microemulsions. The antimicrobial activity of silver
nanoparticles varies with both size and shape with disc shaped silver nanoparticles showing highest
activity.

Keywords: Silver Nanoparticle, Microemulsions, Biosynthesis, Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM),

Antimicrobial Activity Surface Area.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9906635459.
E-mail Address: irshadwani101@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

806
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposite of
Delafossite Oxide with Graphene Oxide (CuCrO2@GO) for
Multidisciplinary Applications.
Aadil Abass Shah£, Ameer Azam
Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-339

Abstract

The delafossite system is a class of materials that has the composition of ABO2 with A = Cu, Ag, Pt, and B
= Al, Cr, Fe, Ga etc. Over the years, delafossites received significant attention because of their unique and
dramatic properties. One of the unique property of delafossites is that it shows p-type semiconductor
properties and make it useful for wide range of applications. They have unique electrical properties from
insulation to metallic conduction. They have electrical conductivity (≈104 Scm-1) as well as optical
transparency (≈ 90%) in the visible region. So that these materials are used extensively as transparent
conducting oxides (TCO), transparent electrodes in solar cells, smart windows, oven windows, display
screens, gas sensors, biosensors and light emitting diodes. Here in this research work, we have synthesized
the nanocomposite of delafossite oxide CuCrO2 with the graphene oxide (GO). Graphene oxide is also a
wonder material. We have synthesized a unique material exploiting the properties of both these wonder
materials, which can be used for multidisciplinary applications. We have synthesized the nanoparticles of
CuCrO2 and GO by the sonochemical method and modified Hummer’s Method respectively and studied
their properties by various characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), FTIR, EDS and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) etc. Here we also reported
the facile synthesis of CuCrO2 anchored on the graphene oxide for high-performance photocatalyst. The
XRD confirmed the formation and phase composition of these materials. The SEM and TEM micrographs
confirmed the surface morphology. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was confirmed by
the optical density measurements using the UV-Vis spectrometer. This configuration can also be used for
other applications like high-performance electrodes for solar cells and lithium-ion batteries etc.

Keywords: Delafossite Oxide, Graphene Oxide, SEM, TEM, XRD, Nanoparticles, Photocatalysis, Nanocomposite .

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 8755476036.
E-mail Address: shahaadilabass@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

807
Synthesis and Characterization of Phase Pure ZnFe2o4
Nanoparticles
Mubashir Qayoom£, Shuja Bashir Malik, G. N. Dar
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-698

Abstract

Magnetic zinc ferrite hereafter ZnFe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. In a
typical synthesis, equal volumes of 0.25M FeCl3 were mixed with 0.125M Zn(NO3).6H2O in an ethylene
glycol stabilizer followed by dropwise addition of concentrated ammonia (10mL) with continuous
magnetic stirring for 30 min at 80 C, resulting in the formation of a brown precipitate of ZnFe3O4. Excess
ammonia was removed by washing the precipitate with distilled water and Ethanol. The mixture was
placed on a permanent magnet (~2.5 kOe) for 15 min followed by removal of the supernatant. In order to
remove adsorbed water present in the ZnFe3O4, a drying method was followed. This involved washing of
wet ZnFe3O4 with acetone and allowing them to dry overnight at room temperature. The as-synthesized
magnetic material was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis. and SEM. From the XRD measurements, it
was conferment that ZnFe3O4 crystallizes in a pure phase useful in wastewater treatment. The synthesized
crystals will be used for studying effects of heavy and low energy ion irradiation.

Keywords: Co-Precipitation, Magnetic Material and Ion Irradiation.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9086486160.
E-mail Address: gndphy@kashmiruniversity.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

808
Disaster Management
810
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure: A Strategy for Mitigation
Saqib Gulzar£, Abdul Rashid Dar, Abdul Qayoom Dar
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1467

Abstract

The resilience of an infrastructural system against any extreme natural event primarily depends on the
responsive and adaptation strategies employed to minimize the adversity caused by the event. It is affected
by the magnitude of the event, scale of the impact including severity of damage, provisions of repair and
reduction in design life. Further, resilience demands community engagement involving all stakeholders
such as engineers, government, general public, disaster managers and others. Over the past decade, the
state of Jammu & Kashmir has witnessed extreme natural events such as earthquakes and floods which
have resulted in huge loss of life and property. The 2005-earthquake and 2014-floods have exposed the
extreme fragility of existing infrastructural systems to withstand natural events of such magnitude. In
order to improve the performance of these vulnerable infrastructural systems, various adaptation
strategies need to be developed to aid the current and future generations in building safer, sustainable
and resilient infrastructure. In this paper, various case studies of 2014-floods have been presented and
guidelines are suggested to improve the flood performance of building infrastructure in flood-prone areas
of Jammu & Kashmir. Various potential areas which contribute significantly to the flood damage of
housing infrastructure have been identified and remedial measures are suggested. Adaptation strategies
focusing on integrated design methodologies incorporating both seismic and flood guidelines are also
discussed.

Keywords: Floods, Infrastructure, Jammu & Kashmir, Flood Resilient Design, Natural Disasters.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906626196.
E-mail Address: saqibgulzarbhat@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

811
Assessment of Geospatial Technologies in Earthquake
Vulnerability Zonation of Kashmir
Kirti Avishek£, Aiman Salva Khan
Department. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India.
JKSC-1563

Abstract

This paper presents the preliminary seismic vulnerability assessment of the Kashmir Basin (lat. 32° 44' N
and long. 74° 54' E) in the northern part of the Indian sub-continent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and
western mountain ranges. Past major seismic events in this basin (1123-MSK VII,1501-Mw 6.4, September
1555- Mw 7.6, 1669- Mw 6.4, March 1736-MSK VII, June1828- Mw 6.4, May 1885- Mw 6.4, 1905- Mw 7.8,
October 8, 2005- Mw 7.6, MSK VIII) clearly show that the seismicity of the area is highly varying and there
exists a seismic gap. The Kashmir seismic gap lies between the 1905 Kangra and 2005 Kashmir earthquakes.
There are historical records of four moderate to large earthquakes in Kashmir. Of these, the 1555 and 1885
earthquakes affecting the Kashmir valley are assigned magnitudes Mw 7.6 and 6.2 respectively, stressing
the importance of detailed seismic vulnerability assessment for the region. An attempt has been made in
this project to study the present seismic status of Kashmir region incorporating the detailed seismicity,
tectonic and geological characteristics and to study the effect of disturbances on various parameters like
socio economic conditions, infrastructure, along the identified faults in various districts around them.
Four major faults and lineaments are considered in this present research study for determining the
vulnerability of various districts on the basis of population and past seismic activities in the area. The
main objective of the present study has been to conduct a seismic vulnerability investigation that covers
all of Kashmir Basin. The methodology adopted to analyze the data and achieve the results had a
probabilistic approach and various software’s were employed to get the most accurate results. The results
of the study reveal that Kashmir basin has areas of low to extremely high earthquake hazard prone areas
which vary on the basis of surface and sub-surface conditions in the area.

Keywords: Earthquake Hazard, Tectonic Setting, Kashmir Basin, Seismic Vulnerability Analysis,Remote Sensing.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906536741.
E-mail Address: aimankhan_nasa@yahoo.co.uk.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

812
Mitigation Strategies: Disaster Management in Kashmir
Shariq Ahmad Bhat£
Department of Commerce, Pondicherry University, R.V Nagar Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
JKSC-1261

Abstract

Disaster Management refers to an effort to inquire into the process of a hazard turning to disaster and to
identify the causes of the disaster and try to rectify the same through public policy. Therefore, disaster
management is an issue concerned with minimizing and preventing the damaging impact of a natural or
manmade calamity. India is among the world’s most disaster-prone areas. Almost 85% of India’s area is
vulnerable to one or multiple hazards. The State J&K is distinct from rest of India in terms of its
topography, climate, economy, social setting and because of its strategic location. Besides all this, the
State is a multi-hazard prone region of the country. It has a long history of natural disasters like floods,
famines, fires, earthquakes, high-velocity winds and landslides. The Kashmir valley is located in
Northwestern Himalayas between the Pir-Panjal and the Zanskar thrusts, which makes it most vulnerable
to earthquakes. The records of past disasters reveal that Kashmir region has been hit by earthquakes at
least once or twice in a year with a magnitude of 5 or more on Richter scale. Apart from earthquakes, the
state Jammu and Kashmir are vulnerable to floods, Cloudbursts, windstorms, hailstorms, and avalanches.
The Jhelum River and its tributaries act as a natural drainage system in Kashmir valley and are more
vulnerable to floods. The higher reaches of Kashmir and Gurez valleys, Kargil, Ladakh, and some of the
major places that are highly vulnerable to snow avalanches. The Department of Revenue is the nodal
agency to deal with disasters in the state and is confined to assess and distribute relief to the victims of a
disaster. However, there is no long-term policy or strategy of the government to deal with the natural
disasters in Kashmir. Therefore, it is indispensable on the part of state government to come up with a
legislative framework to establish a separate department of disaster management and include earthquake
resistance of buildings in the form of regulations under different Acts such as Building Operation and
Control Act (BOCA), Development Act, Municipal Corporation Act. Mobile apps should be developed to
disseminate information about disasters. Awareness programs should be commenced through electronic
as well as print media. The NGO’S and religious organizations should be asked to come forward during
the natural disaster.

Keywords: Disaster Management, Mechanism, Mitigation J & K, Legislative Framework.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9488962019.
E-mail Address: bhatshariq01@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

813
Impact of Natural Disasters in Kashmir. A Case Study from
Ganderbal District, Jammu & Kashmir
Ayaz Mohmood Dar£, Kaiser Bukhari, Maqbool Yousuf
National Institute of Technology (NIT), Srinagar, India.
JKSC-395

Abstract

In the past, the entire Himalayan arc has released energy in the form of earthquakes among the greater
ones like Srinagar (1550), Nepal (1833,2015), Bihar-Nepal (1934), Kangra (1905), Assam (1950), Muzaffarabad
(2005) etc. The earthquake data collected from 1900 onwards shows that the belt has triggered numerous
great earthquakes among the one of M8.6 with the continuous release of energy throughout the belt. The
fault map has been prepared by remote sensing and GIS followed by the field validation in the case study
of Ganderbal, J&K. The total of 10 faults have been delineated with varying lengths reaching to the
maximum length of 28 km’s. The orientation of the faults has been plotted in the rose diagram which
shows their strike in the N-W direction and is following the trend of the major structural orogeny of
Himalaya. The dip of the faults however varies, following the topography of the region ranging from 30
degrees to 67 degrees. The earthquakes data of recent past in the case study area has been plotted on the
delineated fault map which show that some of the faults delineated have already hosted the earthquakes
up to the maximum of M4.9. The various traverses of 500mt length have been selected to collect the GPS
elevation data have then validated through the ground truth which shows sudden change in the
topographies. The people have already built the infrastructure on those locations and remains under
tremendous consequences of sliding. The lithological map of the region has also been prepared by various
remote sensing classifications and site visits. The area has various rock formations and each unit is
separate with the definite contacts. Those formations mainly include limestone’s, quartzite's, slates, recent
alluvium and the granite intrusions. The landslide hazard map prepared shows that out of 271km2 of
settlement, 35km2 is under very high risk and may face huge consequences in the future time. The socio-
economic analysis from this region indicate that the area has already faced landslides in the recent past
and the measurements of the study suggest the future landslides on an unparalleled scale due to the
continuous processes of deforestation, high slopes and the higher moisture contents in the soil. The flood
hazard map has been prepared by various procedures like hydrological modelling, drainage systems and
the past flood data. The map represents that out of 231km2, 20km2 of the area is under high flood risk and
have witnessed the floods in the past also as in 2014 and 1995.

Keywords: Himalaya, Earthquakes, Disaster Consequences, Ganderbal.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006049755.
E-mail Address: ayazmohmood@hotmail.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

814
Fire Hazard Scenario in Kashmir Valley: Preparedness and
Mitigation Measures
Ashiq Hussain Rather£, Javeed Ahmad Rather
Geography & Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-501

Abstract
Fire has been quite critical in the daily life of mankind from time immemorial. Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material
in the exothermic chemical process of combustion releasing heat, light and various reactive products. Fires start in
three main ways i.e. accidents (misuse of appliances), deliberate ignition and equipment failure (electrical
malfunction) and produce smoke and toxic gases which could be extremely fatal to those exposed to it hence the need
for prevention and protection from spreading fires by delaying ignition period to allow people more time to escape
and for the fire brigade to arrive at the incident. Fire can make homes unsafe; can lead to the collapse of houses, loss
of property or even deaths. India as a developing country is characterized by increasing industrial and urban growth
leading to greater use of materials and energy thereby triggering huge fires and causing destruction to property and
loss of lives. Urban disasters especially fires have tended to receive a baffling lack of response from aid agencies
indicating major gaps in urban preparedness. Srinagar city is faced with inadequacy in responding to fire disasters of
high magnitude and rescue teams have failed in many of the occasions to live up to expectations. Recently one more
fire & Emergency Employee died while fighting fire in the commercial hub Lalchowk (Koker Bazaar), Srinagar.
Industrial estates across Kashmir, in absence of a proper firefighting system, remain vulnerable to disasters; four units
were gutted down in two separate fire incidents at Khonmoh and Zainakote IEs, 289 forest fire incidents were reported
in Kashmir Valley during the year 2016-17. In December, 2016, 34 structures were damaged in massive fire at Tand
Mohalla of Wadder-Payeen Rajwar, Handwara, in north Kashmir’s Kupwara district. In November, 2017 another major
fire broke out in Buchwara area of Srinagar in which 16 houses were gutted and one person lost his life. In May last
year, 13 residential buildings were gutted in Noorbagh, with damage to property worth lakhs of rupees. The study area
i.e. Srinagar city, Jammu and Kashmir has recorded highest number of fire incidents in last many years, claiming
dozens of lives and damaging property worth crores. The present study is an attempt to assess the levels of prevention,
mitigation and preparedness measures in residential, commercial, educational and health related buildings regarding
fire risks, vulnerability and hazards. For this purpose, both primary as well as secondary data has been used. The
overall scenario reveals that the perception of selected respondents gives a very poor result, as more than 40% of them
either have no knowledge about the firefighting equipment’s or lack their use during fire incidents. Factor
identification has been done on prior knowledge upon which emphasis was on preparedness and mitigation measures
adopted by building owners, managers and occupants as well as preparedness of the local authorities.

Keywords: Fire, Mankind, Risk, Hazard, Vulnerability, Assessment, Preparedness, Mitigation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006689140.
E-mail Address: 1ashu1968@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

815
Urban Flood Hazard Accessment of Srinagar City, in J & K
State
Hakim Farooq Ahmad£, M. Sultan Bhat, Akhtar Alam, Shabir Ahmad
Department. of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1134

Abstract

Flood events have often occurred in the city of Srinagar, causing loss of property and in many cases human
lives. The river Jhelum which is the main river responsible for the flooding in the Srinagar city. The
quantitative analysis of the said river drainage networks was performed to observe the general
hydrological behavior. The major factors affecting urban floods were estimated. The slope angle, elevation,
distance from open channel streams, distance from totally covered streams, hydro-lithology and land
cover of the study area were used. The assessment for flood hazard in the study area was performed using
the available instrumental discharge data, which was performed by the application of the known
probability distribution models (Gumbel and Log Pearson Type-III) and their subsequent use in
performing one dimensional steady flow analysis using HEC RAS and GIS to develop the flood inundation
maps for the study area. The spatial exposure of human population to flood hazard was assessed by
superimposing the GIS based data layer pertaining to human population, number of households and
female population on predetermined inundation maps. The analysis revealed that 81% of the study area
falls in HHZ having 72% of human population, followed by MHZ and LHZ with 10 %, 9% area and 20%
and 8% population in their respective zones.

Keywords: Flood, Hazard, Srinagar City, Flood Frequency, HEC RAS, Jhelum River.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906428477.
E-mail Address: hakimfarooq.geo@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

816
Disaster Scenario of Kashmir Valley: Evaluation of
Management Strategies
Shariq Ahmad Bhat£
Department of Commerce, Pondicherry University, India.
JKSC-1617

Abstract

Disaster Management refers to an effort to inquire into the process of a hazard turning to disaster and to
identify the causes of disaster and try to rectify the same through public policy. Therefore, disaster
management is an issue concerned with minimizing and preventing the damaging impact of a natural or
manmade calamity. India is among the world’s most disaster prone areas. Almost 85% of India’s area is
vulnerable to one or multiple hazards. The State J&K is distinct from rest of India in terms of its
topography, climate, economy, social setting and because of its strategic location. Besides all this, the
State is a multi-hazard prone region of the country. It has a long history of natural disasters like floods,
famines, fires, earthquakes, high velocity winds and landslides. The Kashmir valley is located in
Northwestern Himalayas between the Pir-Panjal and the Zanskar thrusts, which makes it most vulnerable
to earthquakes. The records of past disasters reveal that Kashmir region has been hit by earth quakes at
least once or twice in a year with magnitude of 5 or more on Richter scale. The history of Kashmir valley
reveals that there were 13 major earthquakes in the valley during last five centuries, which includes the
damaging earthquakes of 1555 and 1885, and 2005 indicates that the Kashmir Valley is a locus of active to
seismic activities. A catastrophic earthquake in Kashmir valley occurred in 1555 but unfortunately, there
is no data available to know the magnitude or location. In 1885, the entire Kashmir valley was shocked
when earthquake shakes Srinagar city. Apart from earthquakes, the state Jammu and Kashmir is
vulnerable to floods, Cloudbursts, windstorms, hailstorms, and avalanches. The natural drainage system
of J & K includes the Indus, Chenab and the Jhelum flowing in three parts of the state. The Jhelum River
and its tributaries acts as a natural drainage system in Kashmir valley and are more vulnerable to floods.
The recent flood of 2014 has claimed over 200 human lives and billions of rupees in terms of damage to
private property, businesses and government infrastructure. The higher reaches of Kashmir and Gurez
valleys, Kargil, Ladakh, and some of the major places that are highly vulnerable to snow avalanches. The
department of Revenue is the nodal agency to deal with disasters in the state and is confined to assess and
distribute relief to the victims of disaster. However, there is no long-term policy or strategy of government
to deal with the natural disasters in Kashmir. Therefore, it is indispensable on the part of state government
to come up with a legislative framework to establish a separate disaster management nodal agency and
empower it with all necessary powers to deal with natural disasters in J & K.

Keywords: Disaster Management, J & K, Legislative Framework.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9488962019.
E-mail Address: bhatshariq01@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

817
Earth Science
820
Assessing the Distribution of Trace Elements in Dal Lake using
Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Mohammad Saleem£, Gh. Jeelani
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1225

Abstract

Lakes are important water resources and play important roles in water supply, flood control, and
biodiversity preservation. However, the concentrations of trace elements in lacustrine environments are
increasing rapidly due to growing anthropogenic activities and increasing population density around the
lakes. A total of 148 lake water samples were collected from Dal Lake and were analysed for 12 trace
elements (B, Pb, Co, Cd, Mo, Cr, Ni, Mn, As, Fe, Cu and Zn). The results showed that the concentration of
B, Pb, Co, Cd, Mo, Cr, Ni, Mn, As, Fe, Cu and Zn varied from 14 to 98, 1 to 5, 0.5 to 1.3, 0.6 to 7.7, 6 to 45,
0.7 to 8.2, 0.2 to 2, 0.6 to 7.5, 0.1 to 6.5, 6.1 to 104, 6.4 to 89 and 7 to 1.17 μg/L respectively. Multivariate
statistical analysis was performed including; principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and
cluster analysis (CA) to identify and characterise element associations between the variables. Four
associations or components of elements were found accounting for 47%, 35%, 15%, and 3% of variance
respectively. Dominant variables for the first principal component (PC1) were Mn, B, Fe, Pb, and Ni and
in second principal component (PC2) were Zn, As, Co and Cu respectively. Third component (PC3)
showed weak to moderate positive loading for Cd, Cr, Cu and B but showed the negative loading on Fe,
Ni and As concentrations. The results conclude that F1 shows the associations of elements from natural
rocks/weathering processes while F3 represents an anthropogenic association of the trace elements.

Keywords:Trace Elements, Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, Dal Lake.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494094894.
E-mail Address: msaludr@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

821
Characterization of Rock and Slope along Bhadarwah-Sarthal
Highway Road
Arjun Singh,Yudhbir Singh, Ghulam M. Bhat, Sundeep K. Pandita,Gulzar Hussain,
Ahsan Ul Haq, Rameshwar
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-1300

Abstract

Indian Himalaya, in last few decades, experiences numerous landslide hazardous events throughout its
extension, utterly due to complex geological and geotechnical setting of this neotectonic orogenic belt.
Rock slopes require geo-engineering evaluation to assess the instability of critical slopes leading to
landslides particularly in lesser Himalayan terrain where rocks are highly folded, faulted, jointed,
fractured and weathered. Interplay of discontinuities in the rock slopes coupled with other parameters is
one of the prime causes of failure in the region. In the present study, a total of 15 rock slopes have been
selected for rapid assessment of instability condition using rock mass rating basic (RMRb), slope mass
rating (SMR) and kinematic analysis techniques along Bhadarwah-Sarthal Highway in Jammu and
Kashmir. These engineering rock mass classification systems have extensively been used for assessment
of rock slopes instability in mountainous region of the world and are found ideal for use in this particular
study. Field surveys were conducted regarding required input data collection followed by laboratory
works. At each location minimum of three to four major joint sets were observed. The results of RMRb
show two classes of rock mass, i.e., Class II- Good (86.58 %) and Class III- Fair (13.42 %). The SMR index
classify rock slopes into different stability classes, which infers completely unstable (L4 and L14), unstable
(L1, L2, L3, L8, L9, L11 and L13), partially stable (L5, L6 and L7) and stable (L10 and L15) categories. The
final outputs of Kinematic analysis verify different mode of structurally controlled slope failures i.e., planar
(30.72 %), wedge (57.6 %) and toppling (11.52 %), representing all 15 sites in the study area.

Keywords: Slope Instability, Bhadarwah-Sarthal Highway, Rock Mass Rating Basic, Slope Mass Rating, Kinematics

£Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697859936.

E-mail Address: singarjun252891@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

822
Estimation of Building Strength in Different Parts of Srinagar
City Using Rebound Hammer Technique for Seismic Hazard
Assessment
Mohd Aadil Bhat, Rakesh Chandra, Shakil Ahmad, Irfan Rashid,Imtiyaz Ahmad,
Javid Ahmad, Sareer Ahmad, Midhyat Fayaz
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-794

Abstract

The rebound hammer or Schmidt Hammer is one of the reliable tools in the field of engineering geology
that is used for estimation of material strength such as concrete, rocks, bricks etc., in the laboratory as
well as in the field. This non-destructive technique gives the mean rebound value (Q) of materials which
corresponds the compressive strength calculated in the form of calibrated graphs. In the present study,
the rebound hammer tests were performed in different parts of the Srinagar City within the municipal
wards to obtain the strength of the different materials for seismic hazard assessment. On the basis of
calculated strength values, it has been observed that the average compressive strength of the buildings
ranges from 2 Mpa to 11 MPa. The compressive strength range obtained from the field has been used to
classify the different houses and typology has been generated as per the estimated strength. The
typological classification was given as Class-I, Class-II and Class-III to the different houses of the city. The
buildings with highest compressive strength have been assigned as Class-I while as the Class-II and Class-
III have been assigned to the buildings of intermediate and lower compressive strength values. Based on
the above discussed parameters the quantitative estimation of the seismic hazard has been done for the
Srinagar City. Out of ~ 2 lakh houses in the city with population of 7 million, the areas of central and old
town areas with ~1.5 lakh houses with population of ~5 million (~75%) are more vulnerable to the seismic
hazard due to lower strength values, use of traditional type of buildings practices and occupation of
geologically unsuitable places while as the peripheral and new town areas of the city are relatively stronger
to seismic shaking due to higher strength values and by adopting the modern building practices.

Keywords : Building Strength, Rebound Hammer, Compressive Strength, Typology, Vulnerability

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596144896.
E-mail Address: adilgeo9@gmai.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

823
Flood Vulnerability Assessment in Upper Jhelum Basin using
HEC-HMS Hydrological Model
Sadaff Altaf Bakshi£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1146

Abstract

Flooding and other hydro-meteorological disasters have dreadful consequences to human life and
infrastructure. The hydro-meteorological disaster like flooding may exacerbate due to changing watershed
(soils, topography, geology, and land use) and climate characteristics. The present research is an effort to
model the influences of the static and dynamic watershed characteristics within the 5 watersheds of Upper
Jhelum Basin (Kashmir valley, India) which conjointly drain at Sangam. The 5 watersheds are; Lidder,
Kuthar, Bringi, Sandran and Vishav. The basin has heterogeneous land cover, lithology, soils, and
topography with varied hydrological response. The datasets used in the research included: DEM, land
cover, soil, rainfall, evapotranspiration, discharge, census data, and ancillary data. The HEC-HMS
hydrological model simulation was carried out for the upper Jhelum basin, terminating at Sangam, for 11
years by using the precipitation data from 3 rain gauge stations viz., Pahalgam, Kokernag and Qazigund.
The combined impact of all the influencing factors on hydrological response was modelled in this
research. The model was run for years during the period of 2004- 2014 and a good relation was found
between the simulated and measured discharge. The results revealed that among the 5 watersheds, Vishav
and Lidder watersheds are the major contributors of runoff in the upper Jhelum basin. The reasons may
include the land cover, precipitous topography and more area under impervious surfaces. The least runoff
potential was found for Bringi and Kuthar watersheds. Forests and infiltration-favoring geomorphological
characteristics dominantly cover the two watersheds. Prioritization of watersheds based on their runoff
potential, flood plain extent and vulnerability was done using vulnerability score approach. The method
is based on the ranking of the contributory parameters, providing an insight into the combined impact of
the three parameters. It was observed that the Vishav is most vulnerable to flooding as evident from the
September 2014 flooding event as well. About 11.31% of its area comes under floodplain, covering about 117
villages and affecting a population of 168,853 people. The least vulnerability was observed for Kuthar
watershed with 1.20% of the area under floodplains covering 4 villages. The findings are of practical use in
developing flood management strategies for Jhelum by opting best management practices.

Keywords : Hydrology, HEC-HMS, Sangam, Runoff potential, Vulnerability score

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006899809.
E-mail Address: sadaf.altaf6@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

824
Geochemistry of Mafic Dykes of Tirit Granitoids of Shyok
Suture Zone (SSZ), Nubra-Valley, Ladakh Himalaya, India
Rakesh Chandra£, Nazia Kowser
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1510

Abstract

Mafic dykes constitute a common expression of crustal extension and provide an insight to the tectonic
evolution of overlying continental crust. The present study shows the geochemical characteristics of mafic
dykes at Sati Village in relation to the tectonic evolution of Shyok Suture Zone. The rocks of Shyok Suture
Zone (SSZ) are delineated by the Pangong Tso Lake-Indus River in the east and continue to the valley of
Lower Shyok, Indus and Shigar, all the way to Nanga Parbat. These rocks are sandwiched between Ladakh
Batholiths to the south and Karakoram Batholith to the north. The intervening area is occupied by thrust
bound belts of Shyok Volcanics, Saltoro Flysch, Saltoro Molasse and Shyok Ophiolitic Melange. Besides
the marginal granitoids the independent plutons of Tirit Granitoids (69.61±2.70 and 77.86±4.16Ma) are
present in the Nubra Valley and intruded by mafic dykes. Geochemically, these dykes show a wide range
of silica variation ranging from (48.95 to 57.49wt%), low content in TiO2 (0.64 to 1.11wt%). The dykes are
enriched in Al2O3 and varies from (14.62 to 16.98wt%). The concentration of MgO ranges from (5.77 to
10.31wt %), the variation of Na2O is (0.44 to 3.44wt%) and K2O varies from (1.17 to 5.03 wt%). The studied
dykes range in composition from basalt trachy-basalt, basaltic-andesite to andesite and were originated
from calc-alkaline magma (Fig. 1a, b). The tectonic discrimination Zr/Y versus Zr diagram shows the
continental Arc Basalt (VAB) nature of Tirit dykes (Fig. 2). The REE concentration for Tirit dykes suggest
that they are moderately enriched in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) (La/Sm) N=2.76-2.87 and relatively
depleted in Heavy Rare Earth Element (HREE) (Gd/Yb)N=1.76-2.05, typically shown by the arc-related
basalts (Fig. 3). On primitive mantle-normalized multi-element patterns studied dykes show enriched Rb,
Ba, U, Th and Pb with prominent negative Nb and Ti anomalies. The geochemical characters, enriched
LREE-LILE and depleted Nb and Ti of these mafic dikes indicate that they were derived from a mantle
source metasomatized by subduction components. The integrated field and geochemical study of mafic
dykes suggested that the Shyok Suture Zone was magmatically active even after the emplacement of Tirit
Granitoids.

Keywords: Shyok Suture Zone, Mafic Dykes, Tirit Granitoids, Volcanic Arc, Subduction Source

£Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419420928.

E-mail Address: rakeshchandra69@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

825
Geomorphological Mapping and Morphometric Analysis of
Rambiara Watershed in Kashmir Himalaya using Geomatics
Javid Jamal£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1228

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess the geomorphological and morphometric characteristics of Rambiara
watershed using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The Rambiara
watershed lies in the south-west part of the Kashmir Valley between 33o 30'N - 33o 58'N latitudes and 74o
32'E - 75o 07'E longitudes and covers an area of 664.6 km2. The geomorphological map prepared shows
mountains, Karewa group of sediments, River, active floodplains, Inactive alluvial plain and non-
differentiated alluvial plains as geomorphic features of the watershed. The higher bifurcation ratio, an
indicator of structural complexity and permeability of the terrain, was found Rb=5.75 between 2nd and
3rd order streams and Rb=8.8 between 3rd and 4th order streams indicating a strong structural control
on the drainage of the watershed. High Rb also indicates early hydrograph peak (because of low
permeability) with a high potential for flash flooding during the storm runoff events which results in the
degradation of top soil. Rambiara is highly vulnerable to flash floods as observed during the 2014 floods.
The rate of water and sediment yield along the length and relief of the drainage basin is largely affected
by the watershed form factor. The lower Form Factor (F) value of 0.19 for the watershed indicates
elongated shape of the watershed and high vulnerability to soil erosion. The high drainage density (i.e.,
Dd=2.15/Km) means highly resistant and impermeable subsoil material, and coarse drainage texture of
the watershed indicating high susceptibility of the watershed to soil erosion. The combined use of remote
sensing and GIS used in this study was found very appropriate for geomorphological mapping and
morphometric analysis in comparison to the conventional approaches.

Keywords: Morphometry, Drainage Density, Remote Sensing, Rambiara Watershed, Kashmir Himalaya

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596077928.
E-mail Address: javid.jamal@yahoo.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

826
Lithofaceies Characteristics and Heavy Mineral Analysis of
Barail Group of Rocks in Parts of Cachar Thrust-Fold Belt,
Assam, Northeast India
Meghali Baruah£, N. Pandey
Department of Earth Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, India.
JKSC-1680

Abstract

In this present investigation Barail Group of rocks in parts of Cachar thrust-fold belt have been studied in
terms of lithofacies and heavy mineral suite to understand the depositional environment and source of
the sediments. Two vertical profile sections were measured at two nearby exposures along NH-54 in and
around Banderkhal area, Cachar district, Assam. Six lithofacies were identified and established on the
basis of field observations namely planar cross bedded sandstone (Sp), alternating sandstone with
carbonaceous shale (Sac), ripple cross laminated sandstone (Sr), massive sandstone (Mst), carbonaceous
shale (Shc) and carbonaceous sandstone (Sc) facies. The overall succession of Barail group of rocks
showing coarsening upward cycles and facies analysis reveals that the deposition of the sediments took
place in deltaic environments. In addition, heavy mineral analysis carried out in over fifteen samples and
suite comprises of both opaque and non-opaque minerals. The research results indicate the presence of
zircon > tourmaline > rutile > phlogopite > chondrodite > epidote > humite > scapolite > opaque.
Occurrence of anhedral - subhedral and recycled population of heavy mineral suite indicate a mixed
source for the sediments. The ZTR index has been found to be 48.83 %, which indicates that the Barail
sediments of the study area are mineralogically sub-matured.

Keywords: Lithofacies, Heavy minerals, Barail Group, Cachar thrust-fold belt, Assam, Northeast India.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: meghaligeo33@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

827
Geotechnical study of sediments of Srinagar city: Implication
for Seismic Hazard Assessment of Kashmir Valley, J&K, India
Sareer Ahmad Mir£, Rakesh Chandra, Shakil.Ahmad, Irfan Rashid, Imtiyaz. Ahmad,
Parvez, Javad, Mohd. Aadil, Midhar Fayaz
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
CSIR Fourth Paradigh Institute, Bengaluru, India.
JKSC-492

Abstract

Kashmir Valley represents one of the seismically active basins in the NW Himalayan belt and has historic
and instrumental seismic record correspond to its bounding tectonic elements. Besides, the valley has
contrast lithological dissimilarities with sediments of fluvial, lacustrine and Aeolian origin deposited over
hard rocks of Panjal Trap and showing typical geomorphological relief and shallow groundwater table.
Geotechnical investigations of sediments from the different part of Srinagar City have been evaluated to
assess the seismic hazard. The detailed examination of sediments from variable borehole depth shows
that the plastic limit (PL) ranges from 18 to 36%, liquid limit (LL) ranges from 24 to 51%, Plasticity index
(PI) ranges from 1 to 27% for the sediments upto a depth of 6 meter, while values obtained for plastic limit
(PL) ranged from 15 to 47%, liquid limit (LL) ranged from 22 to 84%, Plasticity index (PI) ranged from 2
to 37% for the sediments below the depth of 6 meter. The particle size distribution curves show the
uniformly graded distribution of sediments with typical fluvial, Aeolian and lacustrine in origin. The
detailed sub-surface 2-D geological profile and preliminary sedimentological data for particle size
distribution suggests the dominance of silty clays spreading throughout the Srinagar City with variable
thickness as well as variable depth of groundwater table. The subsurface sandy layers of the central part
of the Srinagar city have least compressive strength ranged from 0.23 to 5.7 kg/cm2 with shallow
groundwater conditions that complements the sediments to flow easily during an earthquake causing
liquefaction. Besides, the dry silt and clay-rich units have strength estimates up to two orders of
magnitude greater than the sand-rich unit, suggesting that sandy layers of the subsurface central part of
the Srinagar City are more vulnerable to liquefaction. On the basis of geotechnical database, the seismic
hazard scenario of Srinagar City has been assessed by determining the factor of safety.

Keywords: Srinagar City, Geotechnical investigation, Seismic Hazard, Factor of Safety

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419344971.
E-mail Address: mirsareer5@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

828
Glacier Velocity Estimation to Understand the Impacts of
Debris Cover on Glacier Dynamics in Kashmir Himalayas
Iram Ali£1, Shakil A. Romshoo2, Aparna Shukla3
1,2
Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India.
JKSC-1376

Abstract

Accurate displacement measurements of glaciers are needed to understand the dynamics of glaciers.
Analysis of such displacements contributes towards a better knowledge related to the parameters
controlling the ice flow velocity and glacier surges. The current research is an attempt to estimate the ice
flow velocity of clean glaciers, sparsely debris covered glaciers and debris covered located in Lidder and
Sind regions of Kashmir Himalayas. In the present study, the ice velocity fields were obtained from the
time series of ASTER VNIR data pertaining to the time periods of 2003/2004, 2009/2010 and 2016/2017.
The feature tracking technique for velocity estimation applied in this study involves precise
orthorectification, co-registration and correlation of corresponding features at different time periods. The
results showed that the glacier velocity for all the glacier categories has slowed down in both space and
time. The clean glacier velocity varies between 19.1 to 33.0, 17.6 to 30.1 and 15.5 to 27.1 m/y followed by
sparsely debris covered glaciers which ranges between 18.1 to 29.5, 16.2 to 22.2 and 11.9 to 19.9 m/y for the
year 2003/2004, 2009/2010 and 2016/2017 respectively. The least glacier velocity ranges were observed for
debris covered glaciers which varied between 15.9 to 23.0, 14.1 to 21.44 and 10.9 to 18.0 m/y for the same
time periods. Though, from the preliminary analysis of the results, there is some evidence of changes in
the glacier velocity fields due to the varying amounts of debris cover on glaciers indicating the influence
of debris cover on the glacier dynamics. However, the results are being analyzed, together with some other
relevant information, to arrive at firm conclusions about the impacts of debris cover on the glacier
dynamics in Kashmir Himalayan region.

Keywords: Ice Velocity, Glacier Dynamics, ASTER, Feature Tracking Technique

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006063042.
E-mail Address: geoiram@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

829
Hydrochemical Assessment of Snowpacks and Glacial Melt in
Liddar Watershed, Western Himalaya, India
Altaf Lone£, Gh. Jeelani
Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1110

Abstract

Long-term monitoring of global pollutants such as Mercury (Hg) in the cryosphere is very essential for
understanding its bio-geochemical cycling and impacts on the downstream ecosystems. Therefore, from
May 2015 to Nov 2015, surface snow and glacial meltwater samples were sampled to study their
hydrochemical, isotopic characteristics and solute sources across the Liddar watershed of Kashmir
Himalayas. The samples were acidic in nature with calcium and magnesium as dominant cations and
bicarbonate and chloride as dominant anions. The major ions concentrations were of the order of Ca2+>
Mg2+> Na+ > K+ for cations and HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3- for anions. The atmospheric processes like
the precipitation input and source, aerosol scavenging controls the snow chemistry and the weathering of
the rocks controlling the hydrochemistry of meltwater. Both the samples of snow and glacier meltwater
were classified as Ca-Mg-HCO3- type based on Piper Trilinear plot. The monthly variation of average
concentration of Hg was found to be significant indicating that the snow and glacier melt contribute
differently. The concentration of Hg in both the snow and meltwater (154.95, 112.04 ng L-1) was highest
during August-September and lowest during November (2.2, 40.01 ng L-1), respectively. The results
suggest that the concentration of mercury was largely controlled by precipitation amount,
source/transport pathways, rate of discharge and scavenging from atmospheric deposition. Higher d-
excess/lower 18O H2 values observed during Nov-May and lower d-excess/higher 18O values during Aug-
Sep signifies that western disturbances (low RH) and southwest monsoons (high RH) are the two moisture
sources influencing the region. Backward trajectory analysis further revealed that the air mass originating
from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (southwest monsoons), passing through the heavily polluted areas
of Delhi and adjoining areas like Thar desert, Indo-Gangetic plain were responsible for Hg deposition at
Liddar watershed during August/September period. With ongoing climate warming, this is of particular
concern as the accumulated Hg released from the glacier in the form of melt may endanger ecosystems
and human health in the downstream areas.

Keywords: Hydrochemistry, Isotopes, Mercury, Liddar Watershed, Himalayas

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596448563.
E-mail Address: altaflone9@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

830
Impact of Receding Glaciers on Streamflows under Changing
Climate in Kashmir Himalaya
Asif Aziz Marazi£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-1137

Abstract

The study investigated the impact of shrinking glaciers on streamflow under changing climate in the
Lidder valley, Upper Indus Basin (UIB), Kashmir Himalaya. A combination of multi-temporal satellite
data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic maps to estimate the changes in area and volume
of the 37 selected glaciers. Results show that during the last 51 years investigated glaciers have lost
~28.89±0.1% of area and ~19.45%±0.069% of volume. Furthermore, influence of topographic and
climatic factors on the shrinking pattern of glacier was studied. Seasonal analysis of temperature records
during the past 30 years in the Lidder basin showed a significant increase in temperature during all the
seasons. Further, a non-significant decreasing trend exist in the total annual precipitation in the basin
during the period. However, seasonally the trends in precipitation are significant showing a decrease in
spring and increase in the late summer months (July, August and September). Furthermore, detailed
analysis of summer streamflows (1971-2012) showed that the discharge in the Lidder river has increased
significantly from 1971 to 1995 but decreased significantly thereafter. The significant decrease in
streamflow since mid-nineties despite the increase in precipitation during the same period could be
attributed to significant glacier area and mass loss in the Lidder basin. The shrinking of glacier resources
in the basin if continued would seriously affect the water supplies in the region and beyond in the long
run.

Keywords: Glaciers, Climate Change, Streamflow, Himalaya

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006049493.
E-mail Address: asif.geo3@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

831
Long-term Observations of Black Carbon and the Influence
of Horticulture Growth in Kashmir Valley
Sumaira Lateeef£, Shakil A. Romshoo, Mudasir. Ahmad
Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-1252

Abstract

Black Carbon (BC) strongly absorbs incoming shortwave solar radiation and outgoing long wave terrestrial
radiations, which makes it the second largest contributor to global warming after CO2. In this study, real
time (5 minute) BC data was used to analyze the monthly, seasonal and diurnal variation of BC at Srinagar,
Kashmir from 2012-2017. The data was procured from the continuous ambient air quality monitoring
station, Kashmir university. Furthermore, we estimated the total biomass residue and the associated BC
emission from the horticulture sector in Kashmir valley during the observation period. The results
revealed that the highest mean monthly BC concentration (20 µg/m3) was observed in the month of
December 2014 followed by November 2016 (18 µg/m3). Seasonally, the mean BC concentration follows a
seasonal trend: autumn > winter > summer > spring. BC concentration was maximum during autumn (9
µg/m3), followed by winter (5.2 µg/m3). Minimum BC concentrations was observed in the spring (3 µg/m).
From diurnal variation analysis, it was observed BC shows two peaks (7-10 AM and 7-10 PM) and two dips
in almost every month with a slight varying magnitude. Kashmir valley has large areas under horticulture
and the sector has grown significantly due to higher economic returns. The fruit trees are pruned every
year during autumn which is burnt for charcoal production in the entire Kashmir valley. The horticulture
land data along with the biomass emission coefficient for various tree species was used for the estimating
the BC emission from the horticulture produce. The area under horticulture has expanded almost 18 times
in Kashmir Valley since 1950. With the given expansion, the amount of pruned biomass residue from the
orchards has proportionally increased. There is an increase of about 1.26 tons of BC emission from the
horticulture sector in Kashmir valley from 2012 to 2017. The annual BC emitted by biomass residue burning
from horticulture sector is about 126 tons approximately. District Baramulla has the largest area under
horticulture and hence produces the highest amount of BC annually (21.5 tons). Biomass burning practice
starts in late autumn, which produces very high amount of BC in the valley, leads to the significant impact
on human health, ecology and glaciers. There is need for promoting better and eco-friendly ways to
dispose off the horticulture biomass residue for reducing the BC and other particulate matter emissions
in the Kashmir valley.

Keywords: Black Carbon, Biomass Burning, Horticulture Residue, Air Quality

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697743375.
E-mail Address: sumairalateef57@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

832
Mapping Horticulture Lands in Kashmir Valley using High
Resolution Satellite Data
Mir Firdosa Yousf£, Shakil A Romshoo, Sadaf Altaf
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1022

Abstract

The Horticulture is one of the important economic sectors of the State which strengthens the financial
condition of the State, poverty alleviation, and employment generation. The fruit crops grown in the state
are apple, almonds, walnuts, pears, cherries and apricots in temperate areas. In this study, mapping of
horticulture was carried out in eight watersheds of Jhelum basin viz, Arin, Madhumati, Wular I, Wular II,
Lower Jhelum, Vijay Shakil, Pohru and Vishav. Mapping was done by manual digitisation from high
resolution image (1m resolution) at a scale of 1:3000. Among the watersheds, the maximum horticulture
was present in Vijay dhakil (26.5%) followed by Vishav (13%), Wular I (12.7%), Pohru (7.7%), lower Jhelum
(4.1%), Wular II (2.3%), Arin (1.9%) and least in Madhumati (0.5%). Total area in the year 2016 under
horticulture cultivation was calculated as 588.3 sq km showing increase of 2.8% area. The Horticulture
change detection analysis between 2006-2016 was carried out in the four districts viz, Kulgam, Baramulla,
Kupwara and Bandipora. It was observed that in Kulgam district, horticulture area has increased by 10%.
In Baramulla district, horticulture has increased by 3.2%, in Kupwara district, horticulture has increased
by 1% and in Bandipora district it's being increased by 0.7%. It was noticed that it's mainly the paddy fields
that's being replaced by orchards. The reason may include decreasing stream flow due to climate change
and primarily the high economic benefits from horticulture sector. A comparison between the published
horticulture area and remote sensing-based area estimates showed good correlation for Kulgam and
Baramulla districts while as in other two districts of Kupwara and Bandipora, the correlation was not
significant. The study demonstrates the use of remote sensing for mapping horticulture lands in Kashmir
in a cost-effective manner with reasonable accuracy.

Keywords: Remote Sensing, Horticulture, Land Use Pattern, Ancillary Data

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006872170.
E-mail Address: mirfirdousa.5657@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

833
Mass Balance Studies of the Hoksar Glacier in Kashmir
Himalayas
Khalid Omar Murtaza£, Shakil A. Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1097

Abstract

In the context of the glacier dynamics in Kashmir Himalayas, very little research has been conducted on
this aspect of the cryosphere. Comprehending the glacier dynamics is vital to explain the rate of glacier
recession and to infer the impact of climate change on glacier melting. In this study, field-based mass
balance estimates using glaciological and geodetic methods along with areal changes of Hoksar glacier
situated in Lidder valley of Kashmir Himalayas using satellite data was done. Glaciological mass balance
estimates depict that the glacier has lost a significant amount of glacier mass during 2013-2017. Similarly,
geodetic mass balance estimates from 2000 to 2017, showed that the long-term glacier mass balance
estimates of Hoksar glacier are negative and the glacier is continuously thinning particularly at lower
elevations. This loss in the mass of the Hoksar glacier has profoundly influenced the extent of the glacier,
which has shrunk from 1.38 km2 in 1980 to 1.02 km2 in 2017, a reduction of about 26% during the last 37
years. Climatic and geomorphic parameters were analysed to assess their impact on the observed Hoksar
glacier dynamics. It was found that there is a profound impact of these parameters on mass loss of the
Hoksar glacier. It is believed that long-term mass balance estimates and the influencing climatic and
geomorphic factors from the glaciated regions will give a better insight into the future recession trends of
the cryosphere in Kashmir Himalayas. The observed changes in the glacier mass loss, if continued, shall
have an adverse effect on the streamflows, water supplies, tourism and other dependent sectors in this
Himalayan region.

Keywords: Glaciers, Mass Balance, Climate Change, Geomorphic, Kashmir Himalayas.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906612452.
E-mail Address: komurtaza@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

834
Microstructural Studies and Kinematics of Flow of MCT Shear
Zone NW Himalaya, Digdol, Jammu and Kashmir
Mohsin Ahmad Ahanger£, Jeelani Gh.
Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India .
JKSC-513

Abstract

The present study was carried out along the Shear Zone exhumed along the Main Central Thrust (MCT)
Zone at Digdol, Ramban, NW Himalaya. To understand the kinematics of deformation and characterize
the type of flow during deformation of MCT Shear Zone development in the NW-Himalaya, quantitative
kinematic indicators have been used. Petrographic and microstructural analysis were carried out to
quantify the mean kinematic vorticity number (Wm), sense of shear, deformation mechanisms and
conditions of deformation. From the Petrographical study it was observed that the shear zone is
dominated by different types of Orthogneiss Mylonites which include Protomylonites, Mylonites, and
Ultramylonites. Wm was found to be 0.54-0.65. The Shear Zone is having top-to-the-SW (Sinistral) Sense
of shear indicated by presence of various shear sense indicators like Feldspar Porphyoclast System, Mica
fish and Shape Preferred Orientation (SPO) of Quartz. Quartz have been dynamically recrystallized by
grain boundary migration recrystallization and Subgrain rotation recrystallization mechanisms. Fractured
Feldspar, Garnet and dynamically recrystallized quartz suggests deformation temperature range of 400-
500°C with a mean deformation depth range of 17-21Km. Mesoscopic tension gashes suggest late stage
brittle deformation sumperimposed on earlier ductile deformation reflecting brittle-ductile shear zone
nature. From the Mesoscopic and Microstructural study of the MCT Shear zone it is inferenced that Shear
Zone evolved near ductile levels of mid-crust with 46-35% Pure Shear component then after continuous
upheaval along MCT, Mytlonites were exhumed to the brittle levels of the Crust were it suffered brittle
deformation.

Keywords: Deformation, Microstructures, Mylonites, Shear Zone, MCT.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006212981.
E-mail Address: mohsingeolo@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

835
Petrography and Petrofacies of Lower Vindhyan Clastic
Sedimentary Rocks of Khardeola Formation of Northwestern
Indian shield, Southeastern Rajasthan: Implications for
Provenance and Tectonic-Setting
Shahnawaz Khan£, Abdullah Khan, Masud Kawsar, M. Masroor Alam
Aligarh Muslim University, India.
JKSC-462

Abstract

The Vindhyan Basin, situated in the central part of India is one of the largest Meso-Neoproterozoic basins
of the Indian Peninsula. The basin shows the geometry of a half graben and is deepest towards the
southwest in the proximity of Son-Narmada lineament. It gradually shallows up to the northwest towards
Bundelkhand Massif. The Khardeola Formation (~200m) representing the lowermost clastic assemblage
of the Vindhyan Basin in Southeastern Rajasthan. The formation crops out as discontinuous linear patches
close to the western boundary of the basin. These sandstones are medium- to fine grained and moderately
to poorly sorted. In the present study, the detrital minerals of the Khardeola Formation sandstone were
studied for the purpose of mineralogy and petrofacies for interpretating their provenance and plate
tectonic setting. The Petrofacies analysis reveals that these sandstones belong to a mix of the continental
block-, recycled orogen- and rifted continental margin tectonic regime. It indicates that the tectonically
uplifted basement supplied the sediments to accumulate in the depositional basin without much
transport. Typical arkosic nature with texturally immature sands shows high relief and rapid erosion of
the uplifted source area. Precambrian rocks cropping out extensively in the western part of the study area,
may possibly be the source rocks.

Keywords: Petrofacies, Provenace, Tectonic Setting, Khardeola Formation, Vindhyan Basin, Rajasthan

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9634002910.
E-mail Address: shahnawaz.khanazmi@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

836
Quaternary Crustal Deformation on Active Out-of-Sequence
Thrust Faults in Kashmir Himalaya
Maqbool Yousuf£, Kaiser Bukhari, Ayaz Mohmood Dar
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-452

Abstract

The Kashmir Himalayan region lies in the high risk seismic zone IV and V, is a part of the interface
between the Indo-Eurasian plates, have experienced moderate-to large magnitude earthquakes during
recent and historic times. The plate tectonic setting where oblique motion between Indian plate and
Eurasian plates is accommodated predominantly through thrust motion especially along south
propagating Schuppen structure. In Kashmir Himalaya, the frontal thrust at the deformation front marks
a localized boundary where sediment is accreted into a deforming orogenic wedge and absorbs the overall
convergence representing present surficial expression of the plate boundary basal (MHT). However, this
interpretation does not provide a direct explanation for the striking contrast between high modern surface
uplift rates in the Kashmir Himalayan ranges especially in Kashmir basin, which occurs nearly 100 km
north of the HFT across a distinctive physiographic transition. Here we present paleoseismic investigation
of different paleo-earthquake ruptures and delineated different active thrust fault north of the surface
expression of the MHT inside Kashmir Basin. The described structures are important concomitant faults
in the quaternary deposits of the Kashmir Basin and buried under thick recent alluvial deposits. We first
mapped the regional tectonic geomorphology by studying high-resolution satellite images in the study
area to determine the specific geomorphic signatures. Determined geomorphic signatures indicate that
faults present have been quite active during the Quaternary and recent times. These structures released
significant part of the slip deficit accumulated along Kashmir Himalaya in the past and vertically offset
quaternary deposits by 2-5m. Our results also suggest that the faults are discrete and a single fault might
not be responsible for Paleoearthquakes but different segments have ruptured during different
earthquakes. A gradual ramp in the MHT in the middle crust beneath the basin best explains the surface
uplift rate north of active deformation front.

Keywords: Kashmir Himalaya, Schuppen Structure, Paleoearthquakes, Geomorphic Signitures, Quarternary

Deformation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8713960718.
E-mail Address: makyousuf@hotmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

837
Rainfall and Relief Induced Changes on Provenance of
Sediments in Southern India
Malik Zubair Ahmad£1, Pramod Singh2
1
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, India.
JKSC-389

Abstract

The geochemical study was carried on two sediment cores from Cauvery Delta, Southern India. The two
cores Uttrangudi and Porayar are from distal and central axial coastal part of delta respectively. The 28 m
core from the Uttrangudi location is of Mid- Pleistocene to Holocene in age while as the top 18m of the
Porayar core is of Holocene age that lies unconformable over the rock of Tertiary or Cretaceous rocks. The
potential provenance for the Uttrangudi and Porayar sediments are the rocks include the two major
terrains, (i) the northern greenstone granite terrain of Dharwar craton (DC) consisting of granite Gneisses
and minor mafic supracrustal rocks and (ii) the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) composed of felsic to
intermediate charnockites that are transected by several shear zones. The charnockites in the SGT form
high standing hills. While as the gneisses in Dharwar craton and the shear zones form the low relief areas
at different elevations. Observations made on the basis of REE composition of these sediments indicate
predominant contribution from SGT and minimal input from the DC. It is inferred in the present study
that differences in relief in addition to amount and distribution of rainfall in the year had dominantly
controlled the sediment supply from source region. It is also inferred that higher rainfall over shorter
period leads to more surface run off leading to greater erosion in contrast to similar or lower rainfall which
is distributed over a longer period.

Keywords: Provenance, Relief, REE.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825002197.
E-mail Address: malikzubair.amu@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

838
Recent Human Impact and Paleolimnology of the Anchar Lake,
Kashmir Valley, Western Himalaya, India
Aasif Mohmad Lone1£, Rayees Ahmad Shah2, Hema Achyuthan3, Sathish J. Sangode4,
Savitribai Phule5, Pankaj Kumar6, Sundeep Chopra7
1,2 ,3
Department Of Geology Anna University Chennai, India.
4,5
Pune University, India.
6 ,7
Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India.
JKSC-962

Abstract

In this study, we present trace metal, C/N, OM, CaCO3 (modern sediments) and environmental magnetic (lake core
~140cm) sediment data collected and retrieved from the Anchar Lake (34°20'N and 74 °82'E) Kashmir Valley
respectively for understanding the recent anthropogenic influences and paleolimnological processes. OM, CaCO3 and
C/N ratio of bottom sediments reveal organically rich sediments with the source of OM controlled by both
autochthonous and terrestrial sources. Environmental risk assessment indices (Igeo, EF and PLI) reveal that the lake
bottom sediments are low to moderately enriched with Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb with higher contamination of the samples
collected along the agricultural and urban land-cover sites. The sediment core revealed a clay silt dominant
sedimentation with minor influxes of sand. Based on the magnetic parameters six zones with shifts in lake
environment were demarcated. Zone-1 comprises silt dominant part with low indicating low ferrimagnetic input. It
shows high If±d% depicting significant input of SP ferrimagnetic grains. Zone-2 reveal a gradual increase in
ferrimagnetic concentration with harder SD ferrimagnetics and ferrimagnetic concentration appears to be related to
clay. Zone-3 further remains high with clay along with higher SD-PSD ferrimagnetic influx showing peak towards the
top. Zone-4 continues with higher ferrimagnetic flux with peaks at the top depicting the harder ferrimagnetics (SD).
Zone-5 maintains higher clay percentage with fluctuations in the ferrimagnetic concentration at higher side whereas
zone-6 shows a dramatic change in sand-silt-clay percentage with large fluctuations. The major peaks in ^IRM match
with higher silt content therefore suggest detrital origin of the SD grains in the catchment. The rise in I±lf at ~112cm
along with clay appears to be an initial event of higher lake level because of warming. The rise in ^IRM at ~92cm
appears to be the second episode of higher lake level in the studied core. The peak in ^IRM at 60cm follows more
disturbing conditions with another similar peak at ~38cm. These peaks may be related to the availability/increase of
organic mud in the catchments due to the anthropogenic activity, which favour the production of SD ferrimagnetics
reflected by the ^IRM peaks. Further, upwards there is a complex relationship between the lake levels and
anthropogenic activities as postulated above.

Keywords: Anchar Lake, Paleolimnology, Human Impact, Mineral Magnetics, Organic Matter

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9003952077.
E-mail Address: geoaasif@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

839
Seismic Site Characterization for Hazard Assessment based on
Empirically Derived Ground Motion Data of Srinagar City,
Kashmir Valley, India
Javid Ahmad Dar£, Rakesh Chandra, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan Rashid, Imtiyaz
Ahmad Parvez*, Aadil Ahmad Bhat, Sareer Ahmad, Midhat Fayaz
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
*
CSIR 4PI, Bangalore, India.
JKSC-673

Abstract

Seismic site characterization of Srinagar City has been done for hazard assessment using empirically
derived ground motion data. The Standard Penetration Resistance (SPT-N values) of 23 boreholes with
depth of ~30 m has been used to derive the ground motions scenario of the city. The empirically derived
shear wave velocity (Vsh) of the subsoil horizons varies from 97 to 414 m/s. The predominant frequency
(fo), predominant period (to) and shear modulus (Gmax) of the subsoil horizons varies between 0.73-11.38
Hz, 0.09-1.36 sec and 2.26 to 52.40 kips/sq.in. respectively. The estimated shear wave velocity values of
203-411 m/sec corresponds to hard rocks and thick soil profiles while as the velocity of 98-202 m/sec is
reflected by soft sediments and thin succession of the city. The areas preserved with hard rock and thick
soil overburden succession show the predominant frequency of 3.6-7.9 Hz while as the areas with soft and
thin succession shows the lower frequency values of 1.1-3.1 Hz. The predominant period (to) shows the
lower values of 0.50-0.87 sec in the areas preserved with soft, thin and less overburden successions. The
estimation of soil response to applied static and dynamic loads (Gmax) of the Srinagar city shows low
impedance of 2.37-12.80 kips/sq.in., in the areas dominated with soft and thin sediment profiles. The
appraisal of estimated parameters explicit the areas preserved with hard rocks and thick soil profiles of
the city are relatively more stable to seismic shaking than the areas preserved by soft and thin soil profiles.
Furthermore, the areas with lower values of predominant frequency suggests that the buildings of the area
will witness the long period of vibration due to resonance phenomena and will face comparatively more
destruction during an earthquake event.

Keywords: SPT-N, Shear Wave Velocity (Vsh), Predominant Frequency (Fo), Resonance, Earthquake Vulnerability

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006761101.
E-mail Address: javidgeor@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

840
Stable Isotope (18O and 2H) Variations in Precipitation and
their Relationship with Meteorological Conditions in Upper
Indus Basin, Ladakh
Suhail Ahmad Lone£, Gh Jeelani
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1012

Abstract

The main crest of western Himalayas forms the climatic boundary which is believed to restricts the entry
of southwest monsoons in the western Himalayas. In present study, precipitation samples were collected
across the upper Indus basin, Ladakh during the year 2015-16 for 18O and δD analyses to understand the
spatial and temporal variations of δ18O and δD in precipitation, and their relationships with local
meteorological conditions. A significant positive correlation existed between the average monthly 18O
(and D) of precipitation and the altitude of precipitation sites. Except in August, the precipitation is
heavier/enriched in 18O and D from June to September and depleted/lighter from October to May. The
depletion of 18O in precipitation along with the increase in d-excess in August confirm the intrusion of
southwest monsoons in upper Indus basin, Ladakh. A significant 18Otemperature correlation relation was
found from October to May and decreasing from June to September. The results also suggest that the
lower slope of local meteoric waterline than the GMWL indicates that the rain drop has experienced a
certain degree of evaporation below the cloud base. The study suggested that the moisture origin was
predominantly from westerly air masses with the strong intrusion of southwest monsoons in August.

Keywords: Stable Isotopes, GMWL, Upper Indus, Westerlies.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858763164.
E-mail Address: geosuhail55@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

841
Surface and Subsurface Characterization of Landslide using
Geological Observations and Ground Penetrating Radar
Survey 'A case study of Udhampur District of Jammu and
Kashmir'
Suhail Ahsan Ul Haq£, Yudhbir Singh, Ghulam M. Bhat, Sundeep. K. Pandita, Arjun
Singh, Rameshwar
University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1183

Abstract

Landslides are the common natural hazard in the Siwalik and Murree strata of Himalayan region. The
main cause of mass movement in this region is prolonged rainfall in addition to anthropogenic activities.
The Udhampur district received 483-615 mm cumulative and 42 mm daily rainfall during 2- 6 September
2014. The prolonged rainfall has triggered a massive landslide in Sadal village which caused loss of life and
public property. The present study includes detailed surface and subsurface mapping of landslide from
pre and post landslide satellite imageries followed by Shallow sub-surface imaging from Ground
Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey. The satellite data show maximum displacement at the lateral margin and
less at the centre. The overall displacement azimuth is from NE-SW along the bedding plane. The field
observations show the movement of frontal part as translational and rear part as rotational. The GPR setup
used in this study includes Mono-static 200 MHz antenna for shallow and Bistatic Multi-low frequency
antenna 16-80 MHz for deep subsurface profiling. The 200 MHz antenna show continuous traverse to map
the area along the survey line whereas MLF antenna was used for Velocity analysis of subsurface layers.
The velocity analysis of the Common-midpoint data show four prominent layers displayed by the variation
in reflection of signals. The Interpretation of GPR data show plane of failure at a depth ranging from 5-6
m which is composed of 0.5 m thick mudstone bed underlain by 2 m thick sandstone bed. The alternation
of mudstone and sandstone in the radargram is clearly been marked at different depth.

Keywords: Murrees, Rainfall, GPR, Mono-Static Antenna, Bistatic Antenna.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697859936.
E-mail Address: ahsanmalik4uly@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

842
Application of SWAT Model for Generating Stream-Flow in
the Glaciated Watershed.
Tanveer A. Dar£, Sarah Sarah
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-953

Abstract

Snow and Glaciers are important reservoirs of fresh water resource especially in mountainous watersheds.
The complex hydrological processes in mountainous glaciated watersheds makes simulation of stream
flow a challenging task due to variation in temperature and precipitation with change in elevation. In our
study the most widely used semi-distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to
simulate streamflow in the glaciated Liddar watershed of Kashmir Basin, located in the North-Western
Himalayas. In our study representation of snow and glacial melt simulation processes was done by using
a temperature index approach along with elevation bands, performed with an automatic calibration tool
of SWAT-Cup/SUFI2. Calibration and validation of SWAT model was done by using observed discharge
between 2011-2016. Results indicate good simulations results for calibration and validation with R2 and
Nash-Sutcliff efficiency values of 0.89, 0.85 for calibration and 0.86, 0.76 for Validation period.
Introduction of snow and glacial algorithms with elevation bands improved our streamflow simulations
with R2 value improved from 0.44 to 0.89 for calibration and 0.86 for validation period. Results also
indicate us that calibration of SWAT model is more sensitive to Hydrological parameter of Curve Number
(CN2), Elevation band parameters (TLAPS and PLAPS) and snow-melt parameters. In our study it has
been revealed that with setting up of elevation bands and putting up of algorithms for snow and glacial
melt processes in SWAT model has successfully performed the streamflow simulation in glaciated terrain
as calibration exhibits relatively good correlation between the observed and simulated flow.

Keywords: Snow And Glacial Melt, SWAT Model, Elevation Bands, Liddar Watershed, Calibration.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906646298.
E-mail Address: Tanvirdar13@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

843
Geochemical Characteristics of Dras Mafic Volcanics along
Indus Suture Zone North Western Ladakh Himalaya, India
Irfan Maqbool Bhat£1, Talat Ahmad2, D. V.3, Subba4, Rao5
1
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Jamia Millia Islamia, New-Delhi, India.
3, 4, 5
National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad, India.
JKSC-1043

Abstract

In this study we present new whole-rock geochemical data on the Dras mafic volcanics exposed along
Drass Kargil National Highway, north western Ladakh Himalaya. The Dras volcanic Formation forms a
part of Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), which is a major tectonic unit extending for nearly 2500 km along the
Himalaya from Pakistan in west to Tibet in east. Petrographically, they are porphyritic, intergranular and
ophitic in texture. The dominant minerals include augite and plagioclase as phenocrysts suspended in a
groundmass of plagioclases, pyroxenes, chlorite and epidote. They are also characterized by low grade
metamorphic mineral assemblage of epidote and chlorite indicating that they have suffered greenschist
facies of metamorphism. Geochemically, the Dras mafic volcanics classify as sub-alkaline tholeiites and
show the compositional variation from basalt to basaltic andesite. On a Nb/Yb vs Th/Yb diagram, they fall
within the compositional field of arc-related rocks, i.e. above the mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB) - ocean
island basalt (OIB) mantle array. Primitive-mantle-normalized multi-element patterns for these samples
show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, K, Th, U, Pb) and depletion in high-field-strength
elements (Nb, P, Ti) supporting their subduction-related character. We interpret Dras mafic volcanics as
a remnant of the Cretaceous arc system that likely developed within the Neo-Tethys Ocean rather than at
a continental margin and were subsequently emplaced along the Indus suture zone during Late
Cretaceous.

Keywords: Indus Suture Zone, Neo-Tethys, Island Arc, Dras Volcanics, Geochemistry

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006331844.
E-mail Address: imbhat89@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

844
Climatic and Extreme Weather Variations over Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Sumira Nazir Zaz£1, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo2, T. K. Ramkumar3, V. Yesu Babu4
1
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
HDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3 ,4
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Dept. of Space, Govt. of India, Gadanki, Andhra Pradesh.
JKSC-1079

Abstract

During winter, the main source of precipitation (rainfall/snowfall) over the Jammu and Kashmir region in the western
Himalaya is through the passage of western disturbances that bring water vapor from the tropical Atlantic Ocean,
Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea and Black sea. Though western disturbances occur through all the seasons in the
Indian region, they are most intense during Northern winter and spring (December-April). Other than this, the south-
west Indian summer monsoon also brings precipitation to this region. Planetary scale atmospheric Rossby waves can
significantly influence both these two prime precipitations and modulate them according to Rossby wave activity
periods of say 2-40 days. Since wind flows over orographic features have significant impact on the height distribution
of water vapor, precipitation characteristics differ over different mountain regions of the western Himalayas. As the
western disturbances and monsoon precipitations are controlled by planetary scale Rossby waves in the whole
troposphere of subtropical latitude region, diagnosing the different precipitation characteristics associated with
different source mechanisms in different seasons is easier when potential vorticity in the upper troposphere (near 350
K potential temperature surface and 200 mb level) is considered as a proxy for Rossby wave activity. Using observed
and WRF model simulated monthly surface temperature and precipitation at widely separated six stations (Gulmarg,
Pahalgam, Kokarnag, Qazigund, Kupwara and Srinagar) and ERA-interim (model and observations based reanalysis
data) potential vorticities in the upper troposphere over the Jammu and Kashmir region, the detailed characteristics
of the long and short term as well as localized variations of temperature and precipitation were studied for a period
of 37 years during 1980-2016. It was found that in the recent decades, precipitation associated with both the monsoon
and western disturbances has been decreasing significantly. While the monsoon deficiency is associated with the
decreasing difference in surface temperature between the Indian land mass and oceans, the deficiency associated with
western disturbances during winter is due to the climatic northward displacement of subtropical jet. This subtropical
jet wind helps to drag the moisture associated with disturbances to the Himalayan region. Regarding historical
extreme weather events like September 2014 floods in Jammu and Kashmir, it was found that breaking of intense
Rossby wave activity over Kashmir played an important role as the wave could pull lots of water vapor from both the
Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea and dump them here through its breaking during the first week of September, 2104
leading to the extreme rainfall event measuring more than 600 mm in some parts of the South Kashmir.

Keywords: Climate Weather Event, Rossby Wave, Western Disturbances, Monsoons

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889580645.
E-mail Address: zaz.sumira@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

845
Geochemical Signature of Host Rock of Sapphire Bearing
Pegmatites, Paddar Area, Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir
Pawan Singh£, Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1080

Abstract

Host rock of sapphire bearing pegmatites is the eye-catching rock in the Kudi valley displaying concordant
intrusive relation with the rocks of Padar formation belonging to Proterozoic Kishtwar Group. They are
emplaced along the bedding and foliations planes in the form of laccolith type of bodies confirmed at the
place by the arching of the overlying and underlying rock units. The megascopic study reveals that these
rocks are globular and lens-shaped olive green with a yellowish tint in colour, very coarse-grained texture
and composed of repeated units of radiating crystals arranged in a cone shape. Under the microscope,
rock is characterized dominantly by the presence of actinolite, tremolite and anthophyllite while opaque
and relict olivine grains also observed. Further rock shows pervasive alteration to talc. Geochemically
these rocks are mafic in nature and shows enrichment of the MgO, Fe2O3 and highly depleted in the
Al2O3, K2O and Na2O. The trace element data display an enrichment of Cr , Ni , V and highly depleted
in large ion lithophile element and high field strength elements. Univariate variation diagrams suggest
differentiation and fractional crystallisation played important role during the evolution of magma. Rare
earth elements are a less differentiated shows horizontal pattern with negative europium anomaly.
Europium anomaly suggests fractionation of plagioclase during crystallization of magma. Geochemical
studies suggest mantle source of magma for these rocks.

Keywords: Proterozoic, Foliation, Differentiation, Magma.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298268770.
E-mail Address: psp.geo.ju@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

846
Multi-Model Comparison of Temperature and Precipitation
from Global Circulation Models (GCMs) over Jammu &
Kashmir State
Jasia Bashir£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan, Rashid
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1106

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the baseline (1960-1990) CMIP5 multi-model simulated precipitation
and temperature over Jammu and Kashmir for the selection of the best fit model to better project the
multi-model outputs for the future climate (2021-2050) under three different IPCC climate scenarios;
RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The climate models used in the present study are; GFDL CM3, GFDL ESM2M,
COSMO CLM, CCSM4, and CNRM CM5 available at 0.5o resolution. To assess the correlation between
the simulated and observed climate measurements from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
over the Jammu and Kashmir state three statistical indices; Correlation Coefficient, Relative Bias and the
Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (NSC) were used. The analysis of the data indicated that each model has a
distinct systematic bias for both temperature and precipitation with respect to the observed mean. The
results revealed that the temperature simulations from GFDL CM3 showed lowest relative bias (4%) and
RMSE of 0.1. GFDL CM3 also performed well for precipitation compared to other models showing a relative
bias of 25% and RMSE of 16.0. The suitability and appropriateness of temperature and precipitation
projections from GFDL CM3 model over the state of Jammu and Kashmir are also supported by better
NSC, an indicator of consistency of the simulations and the observations. The temperature projections
from GFDL CM3 showed fairly well NSCE of 0.34 while as the precipitation showed a limited NSCE of -3.1
(although lowest of all). The study also revealed that the precipitation projections are generally less
reliable than temperature projections. It is believed that the research shall help in the choice of the most
appropriate GCM for assessing the impacts of the changing climate on various sectors like water resources,
glaciers, forests and other sectors.

Keywords: General Circulation Models, Best-Fit, Climate Change, Statistical Indices

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006901019.
E-mail Address: jasiamir@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

847
Geotechnical and Structural Evaluation of Baglihar Hydro
Power Project Stage-II
Romesh Kumar£, Ahsan Ul Haq, Yudhbir Singh, Ghulam M, Bhat, Arjun Singh,
Rameshwar Sangra
University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1197

Abstract

The Baglihar Hydro power project stage II is located in Ramban District of Jammu & Kashmir state. The
project lies in the mountainous and rugged terrain of middle Himalayas with the relief ranging from
lowest elevation of 700 m at the river bed level to a maximum of 3020 m. The study area comprise of Dogra
slates, quartzites and Phyllites of Salkhala series of Precambrian age. The prominent Murree thrust occurs
about 800 m South West of the Baglihar Hydro Power Project location. The Geotechnical and structural
studies of Baglihar Dam was carried out to establish the relationship between various geotechnical
parameters to identify the Shear zones and Potential rock failure zones based on the geotechnical data of
the project area. The rocks show micro-jointing or incipient joints. The foliation is predominantly N25W-
S25 E and dipping 70N 65E direction. All the parameters for determination of Rock Mass Rating and Q-
values has been collected from the study area. The RMR class of the area falls in the rating 25-55, i.e from
Poor to Fair. The determined Q-value varies from 0.13 to 0.53 in Phyllite quartzite and 0.26 to 1.33 in
quartzite.

Keywords: Joints, Rock Mass Rating, Q-value

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419186447.
E-mail Address: romeshkaith46@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

848
Lithofacies and Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Bhuban
Formation (Surma Group) Rengtakawn, Kolasib District,
Mizoram, North East India
Sujata Das£, N. Pandey
Department of Earth Science, Assam University, Silchar, India.
JKSC-1684

Abstract

A well preserved trace fossil (Skolithos) has been identified from the Bhuban formation, Surma Group of
rocks exposed along the NH-54 in and around Rengtakawn, Kolasib District, Mizoram. Two vertical profile
sections have been measured in the study area on the basis of its lithology, geometry, sedimentary
structure, paleocurrent and fossil content in which dominance of Skolithos were preserved only in
siltstone of Vertical Profile Section 1 (one) which is an indication of high energy condition close to the
shoreline. The litho-package present an overall coarsening upwards sequence with varied class of
sedimentary structures, namely laminations, ripple marks, flaser beddings, ball and pillow structures
burrow marks (dominantly Skolithos) etc. The reconnaissance study indicates that the Surma Group of
rocks was deposited in a fluvial – tidal flat – shallow marine environment under a fluctuating energy
regime.

Keywords: Lithofacies, Paleoenvironment, Bhuban Formation, Mizoram, North East India

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: sujatadas987@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

849
Environmental Science
852
Air Pollution: Emerging Threat to Himalayan Diversity
Syed Sana Mehraj1£, Azra N. Kamili2, Ruqeya Nazir3, G. A. Bhat4, Henah Mehraj
Balkhi5
Center of Research for Development,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
1,2,3,4

5
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-809

Abstract

Rapid growth in population along with high rate of urbanization and an increase in industrialization has
resulted in an enhancement in the levels of various air pollutants all over globe, so is in this part of
Himalayan region, where due to the presence of huge lime reserves, number of cement factories has been
established during last two decades without proper pollution control remedial measures. So in this context
the present study was undertaken to measure the ambient air quality with respect to suspended
particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) at industrialized areas of Kashmir valley and their effect on most widely cultivated
crop plant (saffron) in the area. The results indicated that average values of SPM, NRSPM and RSPM levels
which exceeded the hourly limits at site I (Industry site) when compared with others. When correlated,
decrease in air quality at industrial site with respect to the various biochemical parameters of saffron plant
showed decrease in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents besides per hectare yield and
length of stigma (saffron) was estimated which showed a remarkable decrease in yield and size
respectively as the distance from the pollution source decreased.

Keywords: Pollution, Biochemical, Cement, Industries, Saffron.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +919596526761.
E-mail Address: balkhisana@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

853
An Assessment of Nutrient Removal by Salvinia Natans under
In Situ and Ex Situ Conditions
Adnan Abubakr£, Masood-Ul-Hassan Balkhi
Division of Aquatic Environmental Management, Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K,. India.
JKSC-326

Abstract

Production of aquatic plants to recover nutrients from the wastewater has emerged as an alternative
technology to control the nutrient and prevent nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Use of
different aquatic plants for nutrient recovery / removal has been studied throughout the world particularly
in relation with the reduction of macronutrients, micronutrients, trace elements / metals etc. In the
Jammu & Kashmir state, particularly in Kashmir very little work on the role of aquatic plants in relation
to nutrient uptake has been carried out. However, none of the workers till date have studied role of aquatic
plants especially Salvinia natans in relation with the water quality improvement, nutrient uptake, harvest
time under ex situ or in situ conditions. The present work was undertaken in view of paucity of
information on these aspects with an aim to study uptake of biologically important nutrients viz., nitrogen
and phosphorus for water quality improvement, to determine harvest time of S. natans for efficient
nutrient uptake and to study the role of internal nutrient storage on growth and nutrient uptake of S.
natans. S. natans was able to sequester biologically important nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) both
under in situ and ex situ conditions Under in situ conditions S. natans was able to reduce nitrogen and
phosphorus by about 55 % within 32 days during summer season while it reduced nitrogen and
phosphorus by about 45 % within 40 days during autumn season, after which its reducing capacity
decreased. Therefore, it is recommended that for efficient nutrient recovery S. natans need to be harvested
after 32 days during summer season and after 40 days during autumn season. S. natans showed high rate
of nutrient uptake and preferentially reduced nitrogen by about 50%. A high assimilation of nitrogen (15
mg/g on dry wt. basis) indicated a high content of protein also. Therefore, S. natans can be used as a
protein-rich feed for fish, cattle and poultry. Moreover, this protein has a better array of essential amino-
acids than most vegetable proteins and more closely resembles animal protein.
On the basis of present research work, it is concluded that S. natans can be used as an effective tool in
nutrient recovery from eutrophic water bodies of Kashmir, especially Dal Lake which is facing ecological
crisis especially due to high load of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Keywords: Salvinia natans, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Nutrients.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906433333.
E-mail Address: adnanabubakr@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

854
Aquatic Insects as Bio-Indicators of River Sindh and its
Tributaries, Kashmir Valley
Tajamul Islam Sheikh£, Sami Ullah Bhat, Aftab Ahmad Bhat, Adil Hamid Sofi, Mohd
Sharjeel Sofi, Inam Sabha
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-561

Abstract

Aquatic insects comprise an important group of aquatic bio-resource by contributing to ecosystem

stability, acting as efficient energy converters and important link in aquatic food web, besides acting as
potential bio indicators of trophic status. The present study was aimed at working out the species
composition, distribution pattern and abundance of aquatic insects along the selected sites of the river
Sindh. Total nine sites were selected namely Thajwas, Chungi Bridge, Sonamarg Upper Bridge, Sonamarg
Confluence, Sonamarg Tributary, Gagangir, Baltal, Shutkari and Sind Zojila. The aquatic insect
community of various study sites of Sindh were represented by 43 taxa during the months of November
2014, May 2015 and September 2015. The recorded taxa belonged to 6 different orders in which Diptera (18
taxa) have highest number of taxa followed by Ephemeroptera (10 taxa), Plecoptera (5 taxa), Trichoptera
(8 taxa), Arachnida (1 taxa), and Megaloptera (1 taxa). The most dominant genera found during the entire
study period were Atherix sp., Tipula sp., Diamesinae sp., Hexatoma sp., Chironomus sp., Emphidae sp.,
Antocha sp., and Tabanus sp., Rhyacophila sp., Rhyacophila obscura, Hydropsyche sp., Brachycentrus sp.,
Baetidae sp., Baetis rhodani, Nemoridae sp., Eperous sp., and Ecdyonurus sp. Whereas taxa like Bezzia
sp., Limoniae sp., Psychodidae sp., Bibocephla sp., Agabus sp., Culex sp., Procladius sp., Simulium sp.,
Rhaycophila basalis, Stenopsychidae sp., Rhyacophila obscura, Limnephillus sp., Chloroperla sp.,
Allocapnia sp., Perlidae sp., Ephemerella sp., Nigrobaetis sp., Baetis sp. and Cheumotopsyche sp. were
found at few sites only. Taxa Hydracarnia sp., belonging to order Arachnida was present at site Gagangir
only in month of May 2015. Highest density was recorded in the month of May 2015 (560 individuals /m2),
followed by density in month of November 2014 (491 individuals /m2) and lowest density during month
of September 2015 (455 individuals /m2). Thajwas was the site with highest density of individuals (225
individuals /m2) during month November 2014, whereas lowest density was recorded at site Baltal (11
individuals /m2) again in the November 2014. Shanon Weinner, Simpson Menhinick, Mergalef, Fisher-
alpha and Berger Parker diversity indices showed diversity was highest in May 2015.

Keywords: Aquatic insects, Bio indicators, Diversity indices.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 969744744.
E-mail Address: sheikhsidrah345@gmail com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

855
Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Srinagar City, Jammu &
Kashmir
Tanveer Ahmad Najar£, Arshid Jehangir, G.A. Bhat
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-813

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, receiving attention by developing as well
as developed countries. It not only influences public health but plays an important role in weather and
climate of the area. Considering the mounting evidences of the effects of air pollutants on health and
environment, the present study was undertaken to assess the concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 in
different zones viz; industrial, commercial, residential and sensitive of Srinagar city, J&K. APM-460 DXNL
respirable dust sampler (RDS) with provision of glass impingers for gaseous sampling APM-411
(Envirotech, New Delhi) was used for sampling PM10, NO2 and SO2 in the ambient air from 12 locations
of the city during December, 2014 to September, 2015. PM10, SO2 and NO2 were analyzed by the
gravimetric, West-Gaeke, Jacob- Hochheiser methods respectively. The observed PM10 concentrations
varied from 40µg/m3 to 542µg/m3. The mean values of PM10 in different zones exceeded the National
Ambient Air Quality standards of India, 2009 except the sensitive zone and showed the following trend:
commercial > industrial > residential > sensitive. SO2 concentration ranged from 3µg/m 3 to 17µg/m3
during the study. The overall mean values showed the following trend: commercial > industrial >
residential >sensitive. NO2 concentration ranged from 10µg/m3 to 46µg/m3. The mean NO2 concentration
was highest at commercial area followed by industrial, residential and least values were observed at
sensitive area. The mean values of SO2 and NO2 for all four zones were within the NAAQS limits. The
pollutant concentrations in winter were higher than those in summer. Pearson’s correlation analysis
between PM10, SO2, NO2 with rainfall, temperature and wind speed showed negative correlation
coefficients, implying that these parameters have antagonistic effects on pollutant concentrations.

Keywords: Quality, Kashmir Himalaya, NAAQS, Particulate Matter, NOx, Sox.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622697601
E-mail Address: tanveernajar21@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

856
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Industrial Areas of
Ghaziabad District (Uttar Pradesh), India
Siraj Ahmad£
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
JKSC-1316

Abstract

Hydrogeochemical characteristics and assessment of groundwater quality has been carried out in parts of
Hindon River in Ghaziabad district. The water samples collected from 41 different locations in pre-
monsoon and post-monsoon period respectively, during the year 2016 and were analyzed for pH, electrical
conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate
(CO32-), fluoride (F-), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+),
sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). The water samples in this area are generally hard to very hard, slightly
acidic to alkaline in nature. Results show that in pre and post-monsoon, chloride (Cl-) ions dominated
than other ions (HCO3-, SO42-) and HCO3- ions dominated than (Cl-, SO42-). Alkalis elements
dominated than alkaline earth elements. The piper trilinear diagram shows that dominated faces is Na-K-
HCO3 in both seasons. In pre-monsoon 85% of the samples in which the nitrate concentrations range
from 22 mg/l to 293 mg/l with mean 89 are above the permissible limit of >45 mg/l due to return
irrigational flow from agricultural fields where indiscriminate use of fertilizer is being done. On the basis
of the base exchange indices 63% of the water samples are classified as the Na-HCO3 type in pre-monsoon
and 56% of the water samples as Na-HCO3 in post-monsoon. The meteoric genesis indices demonstrated
that 67% of the water samples belong to a shallow meteoric water percolation type in pre-monsoon.
According to Gibbs diagram, most of the samples fall in the rock dominance. The US salinity diagram
suggests that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation purposes except few samples.

Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry, Groundwater quality, Base exchange index, Meteoric genesis index, Hindon River.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8218673553
E-mail Address: sirajalig05@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

857
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Forest Soil of
Hirpora Shopian, Kashmir
Zubair Ahmad Dar£1, Shafat Ahmad Mir2, Humaira Qadri3, Shamsul Haq4, Azra
Amin5, Ishrat Bashir6
Department of Environmental Science, SKUAST, Kashmir, India.
1,2,4,5,6
3
Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College, M. A. Road, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1233

Abstract

This study assessed the impacts of anthropogenic activities on physico-chemical properties of the soil in
the natural forest of Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Kashmir by comparing the soil physicochemical status
of protected forest and unprotected forest which are susceptible to human pressures (Farming, Mughal
road and settlements). Two study zones: (Hirpora village (unprotected) and Dubjan (protected) were used
for the study. The study results showed that the texture of soils generally showed difference between the
protected and unprotected forests within each study zone. Soil temperature, Bulk density, Chloride
content, Total alkalinity and Available nitrogen content were generally higher in the unprotected site than
the protected site. Exchangeable Ca and Mg contents showed significant seasonal variation, decreasing
from June to November which may be due to high littler decomposition in summer months and uptake
by the growing vegetation. Low exchangeable Ca and Mg were found at site 2 (1.25 meq/100g and 0.30
meq/100g). The amount of organic carbon was fairly good except at protected site probably due to
overgrazing during which much of herbage vegetation was picked up by the grazing animals. The study
therefore recommends the development of management systems for reserve forests in a direction which
protects the fertility of the soils under these forests, and sustains forest productivity, biodiversity and
people’s livelihoods.

Keywords: Soil Chemistry, Forest, Sanctuary, Anthropogenic activities, Pollution.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8082477984.
E-mail Address: zubair.dar136@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

858
Assessment of the Efficiency of Ceratophyllum Demersum as
a Phytoremediation Agent
Azra Amin£, Javeed I. A. Bhat, Ishrat Bashir, Zubair A. Dar, Shafat Ahmad Mir
Division of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST-K Shalimar Campus, India.
JKSC-1037

Abstract

Water is one of the world’s most precious natural resource on which relies; the sustainability of agriculture
and the civilization of mankind. The rapid exponential growth of human population that resulted in
establishment of human settlements around the lakes, the agricultural development (which demands
more clearing of forests, need of irrigation facilities, fertilizers and pesticides) and industrialization are
the main causes of water quality deterioration on all scales. One of the main causes of pollution is metals
which gain entry into water body through untreated effluents and along with runoff from agricultural
land. These pose a serious threat to water quality and each source of contamination has its own damaging
effects on plants, animals and human health. Phytoremediation is one of the in situ remediation
technologies that utilize the inherent abilities of plants to bio-accumulate, degrade or render harmless
the contaminants in water. Purification of water through macrophytes is a good example of purification
by natural means. Ceratophyllum, a submerged weed can play an important role for removal of
contaminants from water bodies. Ceratophyllum (horn weed or coontail), is cosmopolitan in nature,
rootless, free floating and is known to survive extended period of stress. It is known as hyper-accumulator
of heavy metals and other nutrients from polluted water that can be used to evolve ecological techniques
for nutrient reduction and eutrophication control. An investigation was carried out by collecting 54 weed
and water samples each from March to August during 2015 from three sites of Dal Lake (Hazratbal, Nishat
and Telbal) and analyzed for content of selected elements. C.demersum showed higher concentration of
Na (1.90 ±0.10 mg/g), Mg (1.60 ±0.36 mg/g), Cu (0.17 ±0.02 mg/g), K (2.70 ±0.34 mg/g) at Hazratbal and
higher value of Zn (0.15 ±0.03 mg/g) and Cr (0.20 ±0.05 mg/g) at Nishat site. C.demersum was found a
strong potential bio-accumulator of elements (Na, K, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Cr) and therefore has a great role
in purifying the water contaminated with pollutants.

Keywords: Macrophytes, Phytoremediation, Water Pollution, Purification, Heavy Metals, Pollutants.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889962852.
E-mail Address: azraseri123@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

859
Assessment of Water Quality of Two Springs of Kathua
District, J&K
Megha Gupta£
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, India.
JKSC-1460

Abstract

Spring water is considered to be aesthetically acceptable as it is clean, pure, rich in minerals and is
generally pollution free. Jammu region of J&K state has a large number of seasonal and perennial springs.
Water of these springs is used for bathing, recreation, irrigation and for various other domestic purposes.
In hilly areas springs are the only source of drinking water for the inhabitants. In the present study an
attempt has been made to study the drinking water quality of two springs in Kathua district, Jammu for a
period of three months viz. February to April, 2011. Water samples were analyzed for various physico -
chemical parameters viz. temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, free carbon- dioxide,
bicarbonate, Dissolved Oxygen, chloride, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, BOD, nitrate. Comparison
of these parameters with various national and international standards has revealed that though all the
parameters are within the permissible limits for drinking water but in future if proper measures are not
taken, overexploitation and pollution of water by various sources may result in deterioration of water
quality of these springs.

Keywords: Springs, Kathua district, Physico-chemical parameters and Drinking Water standards.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006401040
E-mail Address: meghag230@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

860
Avenues of Ecotourism in Lolab Valley Jammu and Kashmir
Lone Rafiya Majeed£1, Bashir Ahmad Ganai2, Masrat Nabi3
1
Vivekananada Global University, Jaipur, India.
2
Center of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Environmental sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-726

Abstract

Ecotourism is ecologically-based tourism which is a form of specialized nature tourism that emphasizes
small-scale operations of tours to natural areas and may include visits to places of traditional cultural
interest. Jammu & Kashmir is known as the Paradise on Earth. In the northern most district of Jammu and
Kashmir District Kupwara where the Valley of Lolab mesmerizing, bewitching and full of charm is located
in its virgin state. It has a great potential for winter and summer tourism. The unique form tank irrigation
adds charm to its heart throbbing beauty. Lolab Valley has not only been the area of attraction for the
bollywood fraternity but has been appreciated by saints, poets and philosophers for centuries together.
The unexplored Lolab valley has a great potential of reducing pressure of tourist inflow on the previously
explored and infrastructuraly developed tourist destinations of valley paradise. Decades before known as
the favorite trekking destination for foreigners with the area of Machil known for the water fall, Rangil
and the mysterious caves Satbaran of Kalaroose area possesses unapparent treasures of tourism potential
on national and international level. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the avenues of ecotourism of
Lolab valley to become the hub of ecotourism in the valley also and aims at highlighting the problems
associated. The present study is based on secondary data and some field survey to obtain desired results.

Keywords: Ecotourism, Lolab, Paradise, Tank irrigation, Caves.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906658930.
E-mail Address: rafiyaevs@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

861
Potential of Vermiremediation against Metal Contamination-
A review
Rasy Fayaz Choh£1, Ibraq Khurshid2, Fayaz Ahmad3
1,3Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2Department of Animal Sciences (Zoology), Central University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-836

Abstract

Soil plays an important and strategic life supporting role in human beings and many other living
organisms that directly or indirectly depend on it for food, and shelter. Rapid industrialization and
subsequent human activities have overblown heavy metal pollution in the soil systems. It has enhanced
the risk of introduction of heavy metals in food chain resulting in provoked health hazards in the higher
bios including humans, which has become a serious environmental concern. To help ease the negative
impacts of heavy metals on the health of humans, animals and the environment, a variety of remediation
processes exist. Bioremediation is an emerging technology, considered eco- friendly, cost effective and
highly efficient alternative to conventional methods of remediation. Methods that are used now-a-days to
remove heavy metals remove only part of them and even remains in soil immobilized by adding various
chemicals to it. Vermi-remediation withdraws these problems, as earthworms appear to accumulate heavy
metals in their own body and immobilize metals in the viscles of its own cells. Earthworms play role in
soil formation, maintenance and are very much sensitive to pollutants. They retard the binding of
chemical compounds to soils, release contaminants for successive degradation, and support and disperse
organic contaminant degrader microorganisms. Keeping in view these physical, chemical and biological
actions of earthworms, there is need of complete characterization and study of vermi-remediation
strategies to encourage it for cleanup of contaminated soils results in reducing the pollutants
concentration.

Keywords: Earthworm, Vermiremediation, Soil pollution, Heavy metals, Bioremediation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9149515325
E-mail Address: rasyfayaz@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

862
Bathymetric and Hydrological Characterization of a Dal Lake
Maheen Javaid Khan£1, Aftab Ahmad Bhat2
1,£
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India..
2
Govt. Degree College, Beerwah, India.
JKSC-703

Abstract

The lake morphometry and hydrology can play a critical role in the dynamics of a lake system.
Immunological research therefore needs to consider morphometry and hydrology of a lake for guiding
lake managers to develop best management plan and policies for sustainable use of the lake. The aim of
the study was to generate bathymetric map using remote sensing and GIS for evaluating morphometric
parameters. Subsequently hydrological parameters viz., inflow and outflow were determined by float
method. The study revealed that the lake has experienced changes in surface area and volume holding
capacity. The low mean depth and relative depth index indicates that the lake is shallow and as such
thermal stratification could not be possible. However, the value of index of basin permanence is 186 which
reflect that it is not having significant littoral effect on basin volume. The low inflow and volume coupled
with high hydraulic residence time of 18.3 days has acted synergistically with high nutrient loading from
catchment and accelerated eutrophication process.

Keywords: Morphometry, Relative depth index, Hydraulic residence time.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596499730.
E-mail Address: maheenjavaid007@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

863
Biochemical Parameters of Azolla and Water Parameters
Reflecting Trophic Status of Dal-Lake, Kashmir
Sabreena£, Bashir A. Ganai
Center of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-977

Abstract

Macrophytes also known as aquatic plants grow in a continuous supply of water or are at least in soils
which are covered with water during a major part of the growing season. Aquatic macrophytes being
photosynthetic organisms of freshwater habitats and they form the base of aquatic ecosystems. In Aquatic
environment macrophytes exhibit dominating influences upon the abiotic component of the system a
condition in which they are different from their terrestrial counterpart. The knowledge of chemical
composition of macrophytes is of paramount importance in order to evaluate the food potential. In this
study the focus is on one of the free floating macrophytes i.e. Azolla. Azolla spp. is hetero-porous free-
floating freshwater ferns that live symbiotically with Anabaena azollae, nitrogen-fixing blue - green algae.
The biochemical composition (total carbohydrate, total protein content, total lipids and total chlorophyll
content) of Azolla was investigated in present study including the physio chemical of Dal Lake (DO, BOD,
COD, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Phosphorus, Total hardness) etc. The varying concentration of
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and total chlorophyll present in macrophytes may be due to the high
amount of nutrient present in lake, siltation and sewage discharged from house boats and nearby areas.
The analysis of Bio chemical composition of Azolla indicated the presence of species specificity as well as
spatial and temporal variation in its various attributes. The finding of the study suggests that the Azolla
can be used as potential source of food and fodder as well as a source of fertilizer for agriculture fields.

Keywords: Macrophytes, Azolla, Food-potential, Dal lake.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797200416.
E-mail Address: bhatsabreen32@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

864
Carbon-dioxide Load and Extent of Green Spaces in Srinagar
(J&K)
Moonisa Aslam Dervash£1, F. A. Lone2, Akhlaq Amin Wani3 , Rouf Ahmad Bhat4
1,2,,4
Division of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST, Shalimar, Kashmir, India.
3
Division of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-468

Abstract

The remarked increase in technological, industrial and agricultural advancement, coupled with increases
in population growth, has triggered the deterioration of environmental quality throughout the world.
Rapidly growing cities, more traffic on roads, growing energy consumption and waste production, and
lack of strict implementation of environmental regulation are increasing the discharge of pollutants into
air, water, and soil. Urban ambient air pollution is the result of emissions from a multiplicity of sources
especially vehicle emissions from burning of petrol and diesel which ultimately results in release of carbon
dioxide (CO2), a potent greenhouse gas. In this context, an attempt was made to estimate the CO2 load
in Srinagar and on the other hand map was generated for determination of green spaces by using satellite
data (LISS IV) of 2016 with a spatial resolution of 5.8 m using on screen digitization at 1: 30,000 scale. The
results reveal that amount of carbon dioxide in Srinagar is exhibiting increasing trend while as urban green
spaces comprised of 12.15% of the total geographical area. Therefore, it was concluded that there is need
to adopt ecofriendly strategies to curb the menace of CO2 elevation and other pollutants in Srinagar and
for proper management of roadsides there is need to understand the ecological relationship of roadside
vegetation and their role in carbon storage of an area.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Vehicle emissions, Green Spaces, Srinagar.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889380516.
E-mail Address: moonisadervash757@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

865
Climate Change and Himalayan Flora and Fauna-Impact,
Monitoring, Vulnerabilities and Adaptations
Shamim Ahmed£, Shamim Ahmed Banday, Mussaraf Hussain Shah
Govt. Degree College Poonch, India.
JKSC-1179

Abstract

Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges and the many types of
impacts are needed to be understood and assessed, vulnerabilities needed to be addressed, while
adaptation strategies have to be developed. The Himalayan ecosystem not only provides mountain goods
and services but also biodiversity, community diversity and cultural diversity. The eastern Himalayan
region is considered to be one of the mega hotspots of the world. Due to increase in temperature, change
in vegetation, rapid deforestation and scarcity of drinking water, habit destruction and corridor
fragmentation may lead to be a great threat to extinction of world flora and fauna. A recent study
suggested that a quarter of land animals and plants, altogether 1 million species, could be extinct by the
middle of this century. Huge anthropogenic pressures have led to destruction of mountain forests. In the
Himalayan mountain systems, the timberline/tree line and snowline represents two most recognizable
biological boundaries. Global warming associated with upward migration of altitudinal boundaries and
consequent change in the snowline position and its biodata is an important factor for initiating long term
monitoring in the Himalayas. Agriculture is highly dependent on weather and changes in global climate
have major effects on crop yield and food supply. Weather also impacts soil and plant growth; and animal
growth and development. Horticulture is an important source of income of the Himalayan people.
Irregular rainfall and snowfall; change in climatic condition; and rising temperatures affects fruit
production. Global warming is a key threat to biodiversity. Global warming represents perhaps the most
pervasive of the various threats to the planets biodiversity, given its potential to affect even areas far from
human habitation. The present study is focused on damages caused by global warming on the flora and
fauna of Himalayan region of J and K.

Keywords: Flora,Fauna,Global warming, Threat,Environment.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419193296.
E-mail Address: dr.sanb20@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

866
Detention Basin as Means for Mitigating the Impacts of
Sediment and Particulate Phosphorus in Aquatic Ecosystems
Muneer Wani£1, D.M. Kumawat2, Saba Ul Solim3, Arshid Jehanger4
1,4
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K, India.
3
Lakes and Waterways Development Authority, Srinagar, J&K, India.
2
School of Studies in Environment Management, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P), India.

JKSC-1246

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the eutrophication of surface waters, because it is the main
element essential for plant growth. Phosphorus enters the aquatic system mainly in particulate form and
dissolved input quickly associates with sediments and may persist within the system for many hundreds
of years, especially if longer- term sediment storage occurs. Extensive watershed of Dal lake has resulted
excessive nutrients and silt load to it. Telbal nallah brings lot of sediment and nutrient to the Dal lake.
Detention basin has been constructed on the northern side of the lake to capture the silt load in order to
save the world famous lake from sedimentation. The current study emphasizes the importance of the
basin to control sediments and particulate phosphate flowing into the lake. Perusal of the results showed
that the basin retained 1.63 tons of particulate phosphate. Retention capacity during rainy season was
higher (1.26 tons) than dry weather seasons (0.18 tons). The basin also showed good efficiency in reducing
total phosphorus (1.49 tons), ortho phosphorus (0.34 tons), nitrate nitrogen (1.11 tons) and ammonical
nitrogen (0.2 tons). Hence, the current study emphasizes the importance of developing
sedimentation/detention basins for management of silt and nutrient loads entering directly through
streams and rivers into lakes and wetlands.

Keywords: Silt removal, Particulate Phosphate, Sedimentation Basin, Dal Lake, Nutrient loading, Eutrophication.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596422543.
E-mail Address: wanimuneer18@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

867
Diet-Mediated Effect of the Roadside Generated Heavy Metal
Pollution on the Silkworm, Bomby Mori L. in Kashmir valley
Faroz Ahmad Ahanger£1, Ruqeya Nazir2, Irfan Illahi3
1
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India.
2
Center of Research and Development University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
3
Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Pampore, Srinagar.
JKSC-1003

Abstract

Sericulture is an art as well as a science of rearing silkworms to produce a fiber that has fascinated the
man over millennia. The growth and development of the silkworm larva is affected by a number of biotic
and abiotic factors including quality and quantity of the mulberry leaf, silkworm race and environmental
conditions. Environmental pollution is one such factor which is turning to be a constraint affecting the
quality and quantity of the mulberry leaves. Sericulture in Kashmir valley is being sustained by mulberry
trees mainly located on the road sides in an erratic form. The release of various pollutants in the form of
gaseous pollutants, particulate matter and heavy metals by the vehicular movement on these roads affects
the nearby mulberry plantations and reduce the nutritional quality of the leaves used for silkworm rearing.
The diet mediated effect of the heavy metals via the mulberry leaves is having a significant effect on the
growth, nutritional and economical parameters of the silkworm larvae. Heavy metals pollution not only
decrease the quality of the mulberry leaves but also get transferred to the silkworm larvae which feed on
these polluted mulberry leaves. The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in the silkworm larvae act as
immune disruptors and causes stressful conditions for the larvae, increase their disease susceptibility and
affect their growth and development. Providing these polluted mulberry leaves to the silkworm larvae also
drastically affect the larval parameters, cocoon parameters, silk parameters and feed consumption
parameters like food ingestion, digestion, assimilation, coefficient of metabolism, consumption index,
ingested food conversion efficiency, digested food conversion efficiency, cocoon conversion efficiency and
leaf shell conversion efficiency. The study provides a novel insight into the effect of the environmental
pollutants on the phytophagous silkworm larvae which is the basis of a remarkable industry with utmost
historical and economical significance.

Keywords : Automobiles, Mulberry, Pollution, Larva, Silkworm.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622854652.
E-mail Address: farozhamid75@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

868
Ecofriendly Dyeing of Pashmina using Juglans regia L. (Fruit
Hull) and Salix alba L. (Wood Extract)
Syed Maqbool Geelani£1, Shoukat Ara2, S. J. A. Bhat3, Basharat Maqbool Wani4
1,2
Division of Environmental Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar , India.
3
Faculty of Forestry, Benihama, Ganderbal, SKUAST-K, India.
4
Division of Veterinary Pathology, FV.Sc and A.H, srinagar SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.

JKSC-1155

Abstract

Color is an important characteristic of human choice which plays a vital role all over the world in textiles.
However, during the last few decades, environmental problems related to water, air, soil and human
health raised, due to the production and use of the synthetic textile dyes. Strict Environmental and
Ecological Legislations have been imposed by many countries including Germany, European Union, USA
and India. Synthetic production of dyes needs very toxic and hazardous chemicals. Natural dyes are eco-
friendly, non-toxic and naturally occurring bio-colorants. Kashmir valley abounds a rich source of
biodiversity with a great wealth of natural products and natural dye yielding plants. The research work
was carried out to explore the dyeing potential of Juglans regia L. (fruit hull) and Salix alba L. (wood
extract). The natural dye was extracted from Juglans regia L. (fruit hull) and mordant from Salix alba L.
(wood extract). The extraction of the dye was performed by Soxhlet apparatus using distilled water and
mordant solution was prepared by soaking Salix alba L. wood chips in distilled water. The extracted dye
and mordant in combination and in isolation was applied on pashmina fabric, by adopting different
mordanting methods. The dyed pashmina was evaluated in terms of percent absorption, Color coordinates
(L*, a*, b*, C, ho, ∆E), Color strength (K/S), Relative color strength (K/S) and retention of the dye on
fabric was evaluated in terms of washing, rubbing and light fastness tests. The dyed fabric of pashmina
showed beautiful dark and light brown colors with varying shades and tones. The use of the natural
mordant enhanced the dye retaining capacity and fixed the dye well. The colorants recorded satisfactory
values of absorption, color strength (K/S), Relative color strength (K/S) and retention grades of fastness.
The beautiful natural color applied on the Pashmina fabric, proved to be an excellent coloring agent which
can be utilized in textile industries and can boost both national and international market.

Keywords: Ecofriendly dye, Pashmina, Juglans regia L., Salix alba L.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906448210.
E-mail Address: geelani111@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

869
Environmental Impact of Cement Dust Pollution on Uptake
and Bio-accumulation of Toxic Heavy Metals in Some
Commonly Growing Vegetable Crops of Kashmir Himalayas
Rayees Ahmad Magray£1, Musharaf Gul2 , M A Khan3, F A Lone4
3
Environment and Sustainable Development CUK, Nowgam, Srinagar, India.
2
HNB Gharwal.
1
Higher Education Department J and K.
4
Division of Environmental Sciences SKUAST K, Shalimar.
JKSC-903

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of cement dust pollution on accumulation
of non-essential toxic heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) in the foliage and edible
parts of some commonly growing vegetable crops viz. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), Knol-khol
(Brassica oleraceae var. gongylodes L.) and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.).The investigations were made
for two consecutive growth years under ambient field conditions with two experimental sites S1 and S2
selected at distances of 0.5 km and 2 km from the main manufacturing unit of JK Cements Ltd (largest
cement factory in Kashmir valley) at Khrew, Pulwama and the results were compared with a pollution free
control site S3, 6 km away from the factory in a crosswind direction. The results revealed that the uptake
and accumulation of heavy metals by plants was affected by cement dust pollution. However, the metals
were found to respond differently to cement dust vis-a-vis their absorption and accumulation in different
plant species under investigation. While lead (Pb) showed a comparatively higher degree of accumulation
in all the investigated crops at the polluted sites as compared to the control site, cadmium was observed
to respond only in the case of radish where it showed a highly significant increase (80% and 20% in foliage
and 27.07% and 9.09% in roots at S1 and S2 respectively). Nickel (Ni) on the other hand, reflected a marked
increase in the foliage and edible parts of radish and tomato whereas the variation was non-significant for
knol-khol. However, the content of all the three elements were within permissible limits as prescribed by
WHO. The results reflected radish having an overall higher potential for accumulating toxic heavy metals
than the other investigated crops. Regular scientific monitoring of diverse crops, therefore, merits
attention for sustainability of agro- ecosystems in the region.

Keywords: Cement dust, Pollution, Vegetables, Accumulation, Toxic, Heavy metals.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906444943
E-mail Address: rayeesmagray601@yahoo.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

870
Fresh Water Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus and
Scenedesmus Quadricauda: Growth Rate and Biochemical
Analysis
Javeed Ahmad Lone£1, Farooq Ahmad Lone2, Mekhla Ratna Suseela3
1,2
Division of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India.
3
Algology Laboratory, Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India.

JKSC-1101

Abstract

Present investigation studied the fresh water green microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus and Scenedesmus
quadricauda isolated from the fresh waters of Dal lake Kashmir, Himalaya. The growth rate of these two
microalgae in the BBM media showed that both the species are fast growing and reached a stationary
phase on 14th day of incubation and are also suitable for high density culture. Several methods have been
employed till now by the researchers to extract chlorophyll form the algal biomass, however modification
of standard methods is necessary for a particular species. The photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll-a,
Chlorophyll -b, Total Chlorophyll and Total Carotenoids) of these two microalgae were calculated using
two set of equations viz., Arnonad’s formulas and Wellburn equations using Dimethyl sulfoxide. The high
amount of total pigments (mg g-1 fw) were calculated when Wellburn method and equations were applied
(S. dimorphus = 19.806 and S. quadricauda = 27.099) and Arnonad’s equations (S. dimorphus = 7.274, S.
quadricauda = 9.713) were found to be inefficient in calculating the photosynthetic pigments. The protein
content measured by modified Lowryay’s method reported maximum in S. quadricauda (13.026%) and
minimum in S. dimorphus (8.284%). Based upon the fast growth and good chlorophyll content, the two
promising species of microalgae were selected for large scale biomass production in self-made 25-liter lab
scale photobioreactors having 15 liters BBM media. Both the species thrived very efficiently and biomass
was harvested after a period of five weeks of incubation using different harvesting techniques like
flocculation, centrifugation, lypholisation and oven dry. The lyophilized biomass was subjected to lipid
extraction by Soxhlet (1875) and Folch method (1957) using same solvent chloroform: methanol (2:1). In
Folch method, 30.99 % oil content was reported from S. dimorphus while as 28.61 % was reported from S.
quadricauda. On the other hand, in Soxhlet extraction 27.29 % oil was reported in S. dimorphus while as
24.75 % was reported from S. quadricauda. The results reveal that in case of green microalgae Folch
method is more efficient as compared to Soxhlet in terms of oil extraction as in the former there is
complete mechanical disruption of cells. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles showed that both
the species possess appreciable amounts of major FA with carbon chain length of C16 to C18 viz. oleic acid
21.1 %, 26.2 %, palmitic acid 18.9 %, 17.8%, and linoleic 13.1%, 13.8% making them suitable feedstock for the
production of good quality biodiesel.

Keywords: Dal Lake, Microalgae, Chlorophyll, Biomass, Oil extraction.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906631601.
E-mail Address: javeedevs@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

871
Groundwater Quality Scenario Evaluation Using Graphical
Classification Methodologies
J. Ravi Kiran1, S. R. Kumar£2
1
Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad, India.
2
National Institute of Hydrology, Centre for Flood Management Studies, Patna (Bihar), India.
JKSC-408

Abstract

The groundwater quality problems are more acute in the areas which are densely populated and thickly
industrialized. For proper utilization of water for various purposes, understanding of geo chemical
controls and for study of the extent of groundwater pollution and in order to take remedial measures, it
is of paramount importance to carry out systematic monitoring and classification of groundwater quality.
In Dhanbad city of Jharkhand State, rapid industrial and population growths have been taken place during
the last decade. With the rapid increase of environmental pollution, it has become absolutely necessary
to ascertain the portability of groundwater before use for human consumption. In the present study,
different graphical classification systems of the concentrations of different ions using Collin bar diagram,
Stiff pattern diagram, Piper diagram, Durov trilinear diagram, and Gibbs diagram have been reviewed and
applied for evaluation purpose for groundwater of Dhanbad. Classification either on quality or type based
for groundwater can offer great advantages especially in regional groundwater management. It provides
a short, quick processing, interpretation for a lot of complete hydro-chemical data sets and concise
presentation of the results. It is observed that time series data is also necessary for monitoring the quality
of groundwater to protect it from possible sources of contamination.

Keywords: Groundwater pollution, Dhanbad, Graphical Classification systems, Piper diagram.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9603191493.
E-mail Address: srk_nih@yahoo.co.in.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

872
Impact of Brick Kiln Emissions on Human Health
Mohd Skinder Bhat£, Bashir Ahmad Sheer Gojri, Ashok Kumar Pandit, Bashir Ahmad
Ganai
University of Kashmir, Department of environmental science/Centre of Research for Development (CORD) Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1217

Abstract

Brick manufacturing is an old and important industry in the world. It involves three main steps: clay
molding, drying and baking (firing with fuel). Brick kilns are one of the causes of Environmental pollution
and so is true about the district Budgam of Kashmir valley. Most of the brick kilns in district Budgam of
Kashmir valley use low quality fuel like coal with high content of Sulphur and ash, rubber and wood for
baking the bricks which makes the brick kiln workers and school children susceptible to exposure of air
pollution. The focus of this study was to determine the frequency of respiratory symptoms and illnesses
and explore occupational factors contributing towards development of respiratory morbidity and skin
allergies. It has been observed that work-related risk factors are one of the leading causes of respiratory
symptoms and illnesses. In this case brick kilns play important role in deteriorating the environmental
health. Present study was designed to make comparative analysis of frequency of different respiratory
symptoms and illnesses in brick kiln workers based on their work type and smoking habits like smokers
and nonsmokers. Besides that, health status of school children was also considered in order to check
overall effects of brick kiln emissions in the local area.

Keywords : Brick Kiln, Pollution, Emissions, Respiratory Symptoms.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006898313.
E-mail Address: mskbhat@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

873
Impact of Storage Conditions on Anthocyanins, Carotenoids
and Color Quality of Rubia Cordifolia L. of Kashmir Valley
Gazala Qazi£, Shoukat Ara
Division of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1399

Abstract

Rubia cordifolia L. (Indian Maddar) belonging to family Rubiaceae is a perennial herbaceous

climber/creeper with long and cylindrical root with a thin red bark consisting of anthraquinone derivate
dyestuffs, the most important one being alizarin. It grows near shady and moist places and is distributed
in the Himalayas and other hilly parts of India. The objective of the present study was to analyze the total
anthocyanins, total carotenoids, and the color characteristics of its leaves and roots. The stability and
color quality of pigments (anthocyanins and carotenoids) were assessed by quantifying the pigments and
recording their color quality under ambient and refrigerated storage conditions at 10 days’ interval at 0,
10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after collection. Results revealed that the total carotenoid content
(mg/100 g) in leaves ranged between 0.005 to 1.227 mg/100 g, however, anthocyanins were not detected in
leaf samples and the total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g) and total carotenoid content (mg/100 g) in root
samples were in a range of 0.30 to 1.29 mg/100 g and 0.001 to 0.210 mg/100 g. Highest pigment content was
recorded at 0 days of storage. With increase in days of storage pigment content decreased in both plant
material and extract. Pigment degradation was more in the plant material as compared to the plant
extract. L*, a*, b*, Chroma (C*), Hue angle (Ho) and total color change) changed with increase in days of
storage. The L* value of leaves ranged from 33.58 to 60.18, a*, b*, Ho, C* and total color change values
ranged from -35.33 to -2.68, 13.12 to 23.74, -78.46 (101.54o) to -33.90 (146.1o), 13.39 to 42.96, 549.27 to 60.24.
With increase in days of storage a* values were increased while as L*, b*, Ho, C* values were decreased in
leaf samples. The L* value of root samples ranged from 14.49 to 27.54, a*, b*, Ho, C* and total color change
values ranged from 61.27 to 82.02, 21.17 to 28.23, 14.47 to 24.74o, 67.46 to 84.71, 94.19 to 115.72. With the
increase in days of storage a*, C* and total color change values were increased while L*, b*, Ho values were
decreased in root samples. From the present study it was concluded that Rubia cordifolia L. leaf and root
samples contained significantly low quantities of anthocyanins and carotenoids which further reduced on
storage changing the color quality.

Keywords: Anthocyanins, Madder, Carotenoids, Hunter Lab, Rubia cordifolia L.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796769143.
E-mail Address: qazigazala@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

874
Impact of Sulphur Emissions on Platanus orientalis and soil
Characteristics around Srinagar City, Kashmir Valley
Shameem Ahmad£1, Ghulam Nabi Najar2
1
Dvision of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Environmental Sciences, S.P. College, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1306

Abstract

Present study was conducted at three locations (Residency road, Sher-e-Kashmir park and S.P. College
campus) around Srinagar city of Kashmir valley. A total of nine sites were selected three sites at different
distances away from road and were designated as site I (0-4m), site 2(4-12m), site 3 (12-50m) and site IA
(0-4m), site 2A(4-12m), site 3A (12-50m). Control site IB (0-4m), site 2B(4-12m) and site 3B (12-50m) were
also selected for comparison. The estimation of sulphur content in leaves of Platanus orientalis during the
study at 0-4m revealed maximum value 1135mg/kg (site 1A) and minimum value 1021mg/kg (site 1). At 4-
12m concentration of sulphur content showed highest value 1108 mg/kg (site2A) and lowest value 1025
mg/kg (site 2). However, the concentration of sulphur content showed high value 1115 mg/kg as well as
lowest value 1019 mg/kg at site 3 (12-50m). Overall mean values show maximum sulphur content (1110
mg/kg) at site 4A (0-4m) and minimum content (1069 mg/kg) at site 3A (12-50m). The control sites
depicted maximum sulphur content (545mg/kg) at site IB (0-4m) and minimum (517 mg/kg) at site 2B (4-
12m). The sulphur content in soil under Platanus orientalis at nine sites varied between 106 mg/kg to 69
mg/kg at site 1 and site IA(0-4m). At 4-12m maximum content of sulphur (89 mg/kg) and minimum (61
mg/kg) in soil was observed at site 2A respectively. Comparing sites 3 and 3A (12-50m), maximum (89
mg/kg) as well as minium (mg/kg) values were recorded at site 3A respectively. Mean concentration values
of sulphur in soil shows maximum (96 mg/kg) at site 1 (0-4m) and minimum (64 mg/kg) at site 3 (12-50m).
Control sites showed high concentration (35 mg/kg) at site 1 (0-4m) and lowest at 28 mg/kg at site 3A (12-
50m). The study concluded high sulphur deposition near Shere-i-Kashmir park and low around Residency
road. Sites close to road side showed maximum concentration and away from roadside depicted less
concentration. The study recommends that sulphur arises from vehicular traffic can be reduced by proper
management of traffic and construction of fly over at high traffic areas.

Keywords: Location, Sulphur, Concentration, Distance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622502290.
E-mail address: sa86@rediffmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

875
Implementation of Sanitary Landfill for Municipal Solid
Management in Urban Areas of Kashmir
Jasir Mushtaq£, Abdul Qayoom Dar
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar , India.
JKSC-1178

Abstract

Globally the management of Municipal solid waste is one of the biggest environmental issue which is
faced by each and every Municipality. Due to rapid growth in population and the lifestyle changes of
people there has been the considerable increase in the Municipal solid waste(MSW) generation rates.
Open dumping and burning of solid waste is very common practice in developing countries like India. As
per the available trend the amount of waste generated is estimated to increase at 1 to 1.33% annually. Due
to improper disposal and open dumping of solid waste leads to contamination of ground water and air
pollution as well and have direct impact on the environment. Municipal solid waste is the heterogeneous
mixture of various types of wastes which can be Organic matter, plastic, paper, metal, glass etc. and is
generated from households, markets, hospitals, offices etc. and the need of hour is that proper disposal of
Municipal solid waste(MSW) with eco-friendly technologies like sanitary Landfill needs to be
implemented so that we can tackle this major issue. The present study has been conducted in various
urban areas of Kashmir and it was seen that the open dumping is thoroughly practiced. This un controlled
dumping of waste has caused health hazards to humans as well to the environment. The solid waste
generated is collected by the urban local bodies(ULBS) and is disposed either on the banks of rivers, low
lying areas or dumped in local periphery in an unscientific manner. It was also seen in various towns of
Kashmir that the waste collected contained mixture of various types of wastes like hazardous waste, bio-
medical waste, slaughter house waste, E -waste etc. So, for the proper management of Municipal solid
waste the construction of sanitary landfills in urban areas of Kashmir has been proposed and it leads
towards the sustainability in waste management and it is an eco-friendly option.

Keywords: Sanitary Landfill, Population, Urban areas, Eco-friendly, MSW.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006971017.
E-mail address: jasirmushtaqk@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

876
Inula Racemosa: Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant of
Kashmir Himalaya
Saima Hamid£, Azra N. Kamili, Mohammad Yaseen Mir, Sumira Tyub
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-394

Abstract

Inula racemosa (Asteraceae) commonly known as Pushkarmool is a critically endangered medicinal plant
of Kashmir Himalaya distributed from temperate to alpine regions. This plant species is potential source
for isolation of a variety of chemically defined compounds like sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpene
acids, triterpenes, sterols, alantolactones, isoalantolactones, flavonoids, dihydroinunolid etc It has been
utilized against number of diseases like hepatitis, allergy, tumors, ulcers, tuberculosis, cough, colds,
diabetes etc. On this basis this plant is facing the onslaught of indiscriminate over exploitation. So far,
this plant has not got the required attention from researchers, hence, except for a few efforts, not much
work has been done for its cultivation and conservation. Plant tissue culture offers an attractive and quick
method for its multiplication at large scale and further conservation for future generation.

Keywords: Medicinal Plant, Himalya, Chemical Compounds, Health Ailments, Pollutants.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419799309.
E-mail address: cord.babasaima4632@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

877
Isolation and Identification of Psychrophyllic Bacteria from
Landfill Leachate under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir
Himalaya
Basharat Hamid£1, Arshid Jehangir2, Zahhor Ahmad Baba3
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
1,2

.3Division of Basic Science and Humanities , Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Sopore, India.

JKSC-817

Abstract

The landfill leachate contains high amounts of dissolved organic compounds that support the growth of
large number of bacteria. Hence the aim of the present study was based on the following objectives: a)
Isolation of bacteria from landfill leachate. b) Identification of isolated bacterial strains. The leachate
samples were collected during spring season .1ml of sample was serially diluted from10-1 to 10-6 dilution
and from each dilution 0.5 ml solution was spread on nutrient agar plates with pH 7.5. The plates were
incubated at 15°C for 48 hours and analyzed for the grown bacteria. Based on colony appearance, a total
of 5 different bacteria were isolated, labeled as LFS1, LFS2, LFS3, LFS4, LFS5 and the isolate LFS3 was
predominant. The isolates were individually streaked on nutrient agar plates till purification and
preserved as slants. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates LFS1, LFS2 and
LFS4 were identified as gram+ Bacillus sp, the isolate LFS3 was identified as Pseudomonas sp while as the
isolate LFS5 was identified as gram (+) Streptococcus sp. It was concluded that the landfill leachate
contains a diverse bacterial population and the bacteria could represent a promising application for
biological treatment of landfill leachate, degradation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial
application.

Keywords: Landfill leachate, Serial dilution, Bacillus sp, Biochemical characterization, Biological treatment,MSW.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906781384.
E-mail Address: basharat384@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

878
Kashmir’s Green Heritage and its Conservation
Syed Iliyas Rizvi£
Guru Foundation, USA.
JKSC-490

Abstract

Aasuaon Chu Hechenaavaan, te Na Aasuaon Chu Mand chaaavaan . . . thus, goes a famous Kashmiri adage
meaning having one own identity teaches and not having it brings disgrace’. We should be proud of
being blessed with all sorts of natural and human resources. Kashmir, being a secluded valley surrounded
by lofty Himalayas, our people for centuries have been living in close association with the flora and fauna
of the region. Folklores, superstitions, traditions, rituals, tribal practices in vogue then and even to the
present day’s bear ample proof of the great influence which the herbal charm has not among the poor and
the illiterates but also over the so called highly civilized men and women. The Jammu and Kashmir
represents a Green Heritage with great genetic, rare varieties and unlimited utilization. Kaul (1997) lists
111 selected species of medicinal plants from Kashmir and Ladakh with Kashmir alone having two times
the number. Nearly 572 plants have been reported to be medicinal - Survey Units (J&K). 132 of the
collection from J&K are exclusively being used in Unani System of Medicine which is sustaining even in
this age. Even nowadays Kashmir is well known for its local Hakims and the system rooting itself during
16th to 18th century. What keeps people hungry is not the lack of food, but the lack of access to that food
and control over its production. We need to recognize claims over Food Sovereignty which gives local
people greater control over their food. Improved tenure rights and stronger rights for women who are
becoming more and more responsible for food production are key to ensure the success of sustainable
poverty reduction efforts. Forests can complete the Agricultural Based Strategy. Ethno Medicine is the
promising field of research in Kashmir. The local indigenous herbs growing here are attracting attention
of pharmacologists and medical practitioners all over. If proper studies are carried locally it will not only
meet local drug requirements but will also be available for export. Apart from the written, complete or
incomplete, records about ancient medicinal herbs, some knowledge on the subject has also descended
through generations, and has survived through Oral Folklore a traditional way of preservation. Efforts
have to be made, through an intensive or exhaustive manner, to record the surviving bits of that Oral
Folklore. We need a pool of Green or Environmental Ayatollahs - experts from academia and multiple
fields to create more understanding and help conserve our Biological Heritage.

Keywords: Green Heritage, Herbal charm, Food Sovereignty, Agricultural, Based Strategy Green or Environmental
Ayatollahs, Oral Folklore.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796351385.
E-mail Address: rizviasiya26@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

879
Living and Environmental Conditions among the Slum
Dwellers of Jammu City
Shehnaz Khan£, Piyush Malaviya
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1447

Abstract

Slums are a worldwide phenomenon which tends to deteriorate the urban environment. They are the
shadow zones of urban existence where poverty, crime, aesthetic pollution apart from other types
pollution, disease and deprivation co-exist. Physically they display a dense packing of houses and a further
dense clustering of pollution within the houses. This in turn is associated with various physical and social
problems. The present study was mainly aimed at studying the living and environmental conditions of
various slums of Jammu city. The study concluded that there was a lack of access to the facilities which
make possible the physical and mental well-being of the residents.

Keywords: Slums, Pollution, Physical and Mental well being.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8082615996.
E-mail Address: shehnazkhan2012@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

880
Macrophytes as a Biofertilizer; a Sustainable Approach for
Agricultural Productivity
Rouf Ahmad Bhat£1, Gowhar Hamid Dar2, Nighat Mushtaq3, Humaira Qadri4,
Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood5, Moonisa Aslam Dervash6
1
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, India.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University, Srinagar, India.
2,3,4,5,6

JKSC-624

Abstract

Current soil management strategies are mainly dependent on inorganic chemical-based fertilizers, which
caused a serious threat to human health and environment. Conventional agriculture plays a significant
role in meeting the food demands of a growing human population, which has also led to an increasing
dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Chemical fertilizers are industrially manipulated,
substances composed of known quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their exploitation
causes air and ground water pollution by eutrophication of water bodies. In this regard, recent efforts have
been channelized more towards the production of nutrient rich high quality food in sustainable
comportment to ensure bio-safety. The innovative view of farm production attracts the growing demand
of biological based organic fertilizers exclusive of alternative to agro-chemicals. Macrophytes are naturally
grown plants in lakes, swamps and streams have remarkable features of extracting minerals (N, P and K)
from polluted water and soils. These plants can be used alternative to chemical fertilizers that has
damaged environment very badly. Exploring these kinds of plants have long term benefits as it cleans
polluted waters and soils and can be used as fertilizer in sustainable manner. Certain aquatic plants have
been identified to store N, P and K in large quantity compared to their biomass. Phragmites australis; N
(1.51%), P (0.08 %) and K (0.80 %) and Typha angustifolia; N (1.22 %), P (0.06 %) and K (0.05 %). The
additional advantages of biofertilizers include longer shelf life causing no adverse effects to ecosystem.
Thus, focus need to be given for macrophytes as a source of biofertilizers to improve crop production and
for sustainable development.

Keywords: Biofertilizer, Plant growth, Nitrogen-fixation, Soil health, Sustainable development, Crop production.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596518869.
E-mail Address: rufi.bhat@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

881
Management of Waste Paper through Mushroom Cultivation
Sabiha Javeed Wani£1, N. Sunitha2
1
Department of Environmental Science,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Bangalore University, Karnataka, India.
JKSC-701

Abstract

The importance of paper is increasing day by day with the literacy and cultural development of countries.
Discarded waste paper is a major component of many landfill sites and imperils both human health and
the environment. One of the alternatives to paper recycling is to use this waste as a substrate for
mushroom cultivation, which is rich in lignocellulosic substances. There is thus need to utilize and
evaluate the productivity potential of this waste for mushroom cultivation. In this context, the work was
carried out to evaluate the yield and biological efficiency of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) on waste
paper alone and in combination with agricultural waste, rice husk. Rice straw was used as a control. The
highest yield and Biological Efficiency of this mushroom was obtained from rice straw followed by waste
paper and rice husk in the ratio of 4:1, followed by 9:1 ratio of waste paper and rice husk and followed by
100% waste paper. In general, adding rice husk to waste paper showed positive effect in terms of spawn
run, pin head and fruit body formation.

Keywords: Substrate, Recycling, Pleurotus, Rice straw, Rice husk.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8494061073.
E-mail Address: sabawani57@yahoo.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

882
Non-Wood Floral Biodiversity in Kashmir Valley for Paper
Making to Combat Negative Impact on Forest Resources
Sartaj Ahmad Ganie£1, Shoukat Ara2, Saakshy Agarwal3, Mohamad Aneesul
Mehmood4
1,2
Division of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India
3
Kumarappa National Handmade Paper Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
4
Division of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar India.
JKSC-654

Abstract

Present investigation was carried out to value Datura stramonium stalks, substitute raw material for paper
production to overwhelm the undesirable impact of climate change bent by the diminishing of forest
assets. Proximate analysis of black analysis and strength properties of test species were characterized. The
results revealed that Ash, Lignin, Hot water solubility, 10% NaOH solubility, Alcohol-benzene solubility
and Holocellulose content of Datura stalks were of the order of 9.57, 15.79, 18.29, 35.34, 11.66 and 66.55 per
cent respectively. Values of black liquor include pH, Total solids, COD and colour were 8.31, 4.10%, 72961
ppm and 40125 PCU respectively. The strength properties of standard sheets of 60 gsm of pulp at 10%
sulphite pulping includes tensile strength 50.50 (Nm/g), tear index 6.29 (mN.m2/g), burst index 2.64 (KPa
m2/g) and double fold number 518. The corresponding values where no chemical was added were 12.95
(Nm/g), 1.9 (mN. m2 /g), 0.09 (KPa. m2 /g) and 12 respectively. Overall results revealed that papers
obtained from Datura stramonium stalks has an auspicious potential to be used in pulp and paper
production as substitute to woody tress. Utilization of this species for paper production shall help in
environmental conservation in terms of reducing the stress on forest res

Keywords: Chemical analysis, Datura stramonium, Strength properties, proximate analysis; 10% sulphite pulping.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697489050.
E-mail Address: sartajsultan@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

883
Phenological Characters of Major Grass Species of Pasture-
Lands of Dachigam National Park, (Kashmir), India
Rabiya Lone£1, G. A. Bhat2
1
Vivikananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajashtan, India.
2
Department of Envirionmental Science, University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-297

Abstract

Pasture lands of Jammu and Kashmir are known for their biodiversity, natural beauty and the uniqueness
of species composition. They form an important traditional capital generating agro- resource of the state.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the people of the state as it provides employment, directly or indirectly to
about 70 per cent of the work force. It contributes about 65 per cent of the state revenue which explains
the dependence of state on agriculture. All pasture lands of Jammu and Kashmir are decreasing in genetic
potential of their grasses. The greatest single factor causing degradation and shrinkage of grasslands is
their overgrazing over the years. Field work was conducted in temperate zone of Dachigam national park
(34°04-34°11N) and (74°54-75°09 E). Phenological features of 12 species were recorded during fortnightly
visits by way of making collection and preparation of herbarium. The plant species whose phonological
features were recorded included: Avena fautua L, Bromus japoricus Thunb, Cynodon dactylon L, Dactylis
glomerata L, Oryzopsis munroi Stapf, Poa annua L, Poa pratensis L , Pennistum orientale Rich, Poa
bulbosa L , Sorghum halepanse L. Pers. ,Stipa siberica L. ,Themeda anathra Nees.

Keywords: Phenology, Pasture lands, Dachigham.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419727144.
E-mail Address: rabialone677@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

884
Phytophilous Macroinvertebrate Community of Nigeen Lake
Shazia Habib£, A. R.Yousuf
J&K Higher Education Department, J&K, India.
JKSC-458

Abstract

Lake ecosystem is a complex interaction among physical, chemical and biological properties contained
within these inland water bodies. They are profoundly influenced by land-use and the anthropogenic
inputs of nutrients from catchment area. The objective of the study was to evaluate the community
structure of phytophilous invertebrates in Nigeen lake. Although physico-chemical attributes of Nigeen
lake have been extensively studies but limited work has been done with respect to its biological
community. During the period of investigation, a total of 20 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 14
families under 10 orders spread over 3 phyla, viz., Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca were recorded from
the lake. All the recorded groups of organisms were found to be the most diverse.

Keywords: Macroinvertebrates, Lake, Community.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906690190.
E-mail Address: habibshazia3185@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

885
Phytoremediation Potential of Selected Macrophytes in
Anchar Lake of Kashmir
Irfana Showqi£, F.A. Lone
Division of Environmental Sciences, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-959

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the phytoremediation potential of selected macrophytes
in Anchar lake of Kashmir and to evaluate the levels of nutrients and heavy metals in water, sediment and
plant tissue (Lemna minor and Salvinia natans two free floating aquatic macrophytes). For the purpose
we have studied nutrients like N, P, K, Ca, Mg and heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb in
water, sediments and plant tissue collected from five selected sites on seasonal basis and were analyzed
as per standard methodology of APHA. Also biochemical parameters were analyzed in plant samples
during these seasons. The data revealed that N, P, K, Ca and Mg in all media were recorded highest at sites
S1, S3 and S4 (most polluted sites) and lowest at site S5 (Centre of lake site) in all the seasons. Trace
element concentration during all the seasons in water, sediment and plants was recorded highest at site
S4 (most polluted site) and lowest at site S5 (Centre of lake site). The trend of trace element concentration
in water and sediment in all the seasons was observed in the following descending order Site S4 (Near
SKIMS)> S3 (Near Settlements) > S1 (Near Agricultural fields) > S2 (Near Plantation) > S5 (Lake Centre
Site/control site). In plants the trace element concentration also followed the same trend except for
cadmium in Lemna minor and chromium in Salvinia natans where trend was as Site S1 (Near Agricultural
fields) > S4 (Near SKIMS) > S3 (Near Settlements) > S2 (Near Plantation) > S5 (Lake Centre Site/control
site). In Salvinia natans, trace element copper followed the trend as Site S3 (Near Settlements) > S4 (Near
SKIMS) > S1 (Near Agricultural fields) > S2 (Near Plantation) > S5 (Lake Centre Site/control site). In
general metal concentration at most of the sites followed the order as Plant>sediment>water. Among the
two plant species, Lemna minor showed the highest accumulation of the heavy metals than Salvinia
natans. The evidences provided by this experiment indicated that the macrophytes were capable to
remove nutrients and heavy metals from urban wastewater and could be effectively used as capable
phytoremediation agents.

Keywords: Phytoremediation potential, Macrophytes, Aquatic, Lemna minor and Salvinia natans.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796598837.
E-mail Address: irfanashowqi@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

886
Potential Cytogenetic Effects of Nuvan on Germ Cells of
Brinjal (Solanum melongena cv. Local long)
Aashiq Hussain Kuchy£1, Azra Nahid Kamili2, Aijaz Ahmad Wani3, Shahzada Arshid3
1
PG Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
CORD University of Kashmir, India.
3
PG Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1515

Abstract

The extensive use of pesticides on vegetables in the Kashmir valley is a concern for general public because
of apprehension of causing genotoxic effects and other unexpected outcomes like decrease in crop
production, destruction of soil micro-fauna and flora, and undesirable residue accumulation in food crops
etc. In this regard Nuvan, a commercial formulation of Dichlorvos being used extensively in Kashmir
valley was evaluated in the current study to for the possible genotoxicity. The seedlings of brinjal were
applied with the pesticide on periodic basis with three different concentrations (0.83, 1.33, 3.32 ml/l), while
as control group was without any pesticide treatment. Young flower buds for meiotic analysis in treated
and untreated (control) plants were collected randomly form M1 generation at proper bud stage. During
the meiotic investigation it was observed that nuvan induced a wide spectrum of aberrant meiotic cells in
the treated plants. The aberrations were observed at Diakinesis/Metaphase (I,II), Anaphase (I,II)
Telophase(I,II). Disturbed polarity aberration at anaphase was highest (1.57%) among other aberrations
recorded in 1.66 ml/l dose. The 3.32ml/l induced highest abnormal PMCs (16.51%), 1.66ml/l induced 14.79%
and 0.83ml/l induced only 8.72%. Disturbed polarity at anaphase was highest (1.57%) among other
aberrations observed in 1.66 ml/l dose. The highest percentage of abnormal PMCs was recorded in 3.32
ml/l and aberrations like precocious separation and asynchronous nuclei at metaphase and non/late
disjunction and disturbed polarity at anaphase were seen in highest percentage (0.95%). In case of half of
recommended dose (0.83 ml/l) of nuvan, precocious separation and disturbed polarity at metaphase and
telophase respectively were found to be highest (1.25%). Result of this study, indicate that Nuvan may
induce genotoxic effects in plants and similarly can lead to several human afflictions like cancer,
cardiovascular diseases, premature ageing and might become hazardous to human health by inducing
genetic alterations. The study help in understanding the level of toxicity that the human beings are
exposed due to the consumption of pesticide sprayed vegetables.

Keywords: Nuvan, Brinjal, Genotoxicity, Chromosomal aberrations.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596271756.
E-mail Address: aashiqenv@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

887
Role of Activated Carbon Prepared from Forest and
Agriculture Wastes in Metal Ion Pollution: A Review
Saba Masood Chesti£1, Shakeel Ahmad Shah2, Muzaffar Ali Andrabi 2
1
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Applied Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1380

Abstract

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements found in earth’s crust. These metallic species have relatively high
atomic weights and high density in comparison to water. They enter earth’s atmosphere and remain persistent for
years together because of their non- biodegradability. The potential sources of environmental pollution due to heavy
metal contamination are attributed to most of anthropogenic activities like mining, effluent discharge from industries
along with some natural phenomena like weathering and volcanic eruptions. In recent years, their release into
environmental has increased due to extensive industrialization and urbanization which in turn have raised concern
over their effect on human health and environment. Because of their bio-accumulation these are capable of inducing
toxicity and carcinogenicity leading to various physiological, neurological as well as biological disorders in humans
and other forms of life. The heavy metals are recognized to be eco-toxicological hazardous. Hence their removal from
environment is a great challenge to environmentalists. Several methods have been adopted for removal of metal ions
from various industrial discharge effluents and contaminated waters. These include chemical precipitation, ion-
exchange, electrolysis, reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration etc. These methods have their own associated demerits like
high capital cost, require lengthy operational time periods, incomplete removal of metals and produce large quantity
of sludge/residue at the end of the process/treatment. The adsorptive removal of pollution by activated carbon is
considered to be one of the most efficient methods of effluent treatment. The activated carbon treatment is a broad-
spectrum technology based on adsorption process to remove the metal ion pollutants from solid as well as liquid
phases with great removal efficiency and negligible amounts of residual produce. Moreover, the activated carbon can
be regenerated and recycled for further use. Activated carbon treatment is potentially one of the most effective and
efficient techniques for treatment of metal ion pollution having only one drawback i.e. the commercially available
activated carbon is highly expensive making the treatment process also expensive in order to make adsorption
technique cost effective researchers have been focusing towards converting agricultural and forest waste
(lignocellulose waste) into activated carbon. This technology also helps to mitigate the problems of waste disposal,
converts a potential waste (agriculture and forest waste) into a valuable product of high quality that can be used as
an adsorbent for effluent treatment. The low cost activated carbon produced has remarkably high adsorption capacity
due to large surface area and pore volume. This makes the removal of metal ions by using activated carbon from
agriculture and forest waste as an adsorbent a promising, efficient, economical and environment friendly technology
in metal ion treatment. This paper highlights recent advances in the use of activated carbon obtained from agriculture
and forest waste in the treatment of metal ion pollution.

Keywords: Metal ions, Adsorption, Activated carbon, Lignocellulosic waste.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796358198.
E-mail Address: chishtisbm@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

888
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Physio-Chemical
Parameters of the Wular Lake: A Preliminary Study
Fahim Bashir£, Shahid Ahmed Ganiee, Arif Bashir, Bashir Ahmed Ganai
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
. JKSC-1103

Abstract

The water chemistry of water bodies varies in space and time, which can be expressed in the form of trends
and patterns, which in turn, are dependent on a number of factors. Some of the factors affecting the water
quality are hydrological, meteorological, and anthropogenic in nature. In the present study, spatial and
temporal variations in physicochemical parameters of Wular Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Asia,
were studied. From the past many a decade, this lake observed an extensive reduction in its area and
changes in water quality. The sampling was carried out on monthly basis for a duration of six months at
four sites of Kashmir valley. The samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters like pH,
temperature, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, and other parameters through
standard methods. A significant variation in physicochemical parameters was observed during the study
period. Also, the variation in water quality among the different sites was observed. The results revealed
that these sites are facing initial stage of anthropogenic pollution stress and need immediate attention in
order to restore and maintain the quality of Wular Lake.

Keywords: Spatial and temporal, Wular Lake, Physico-chemical characteristics, Dissolved oxygen.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796518337.
E-mail Address: khanfaheem444@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

889
Spatial Variation in Physico-Chemical Characteristics of
Nigeen Lake, Srinagar, J&K
Shahid Ahmad Ganiee£, Nazima Rashid Shah, Sami Ullah Bhat
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India..
JKSC-895

Abstract

Lakes are aquatic ecosystems broadly distributed in the continental terrestrial surface (Downing et al.,
2006). Fresh water lakes constitute 0.009% (144 thousand km3) of the total amount. Fresh waters of world
are collectively experiencing markedly accelerating rates of qualitative and quantitative degeneration
(Wetzel, 1992). Human activities are major factors that affect the quality of surface water through
atmospheric pollution, effluent discharges, use of agricultural chemical fertilizers, enhanced soil erosion
and change in land use pattern. In urban areas increase in impervious surface area results in storm runoff
that negatively affect quality of aquatic ecosystems. The quality of water body reflects the practices taking
place in its watershed. Lentic systems with intensive agricultural and urban land use in their watersheds
experience increased inputs of organic matter and nutrients mainly phosphates and nitrates from fertilizer
application and untreated sewage. Hence monitoring of these aquatic ecosystems from time to time is
necessary for their management. For the present study Nigeen Lake, the deepest basin of the Dal Lake of
Jammu and Kashmir was taken as study area and samples were collected from four sites i.e., Ashaibagh,
Saderbal, Khoujyarbal and Centre of the lake on monthly basis. The samples were analyzed for different
physico-chemical parameters through standard methods of CSIR (1974) and APHA (1998). The study
revealed that Saderbal site was most polluted, followed by Central site which may be due to
geomorphology of the lake and inflow of sewage from nearby residential area.

Keywords: Nigeen Lake, Physico-chemical characteristics, pollution, sewage, APHA.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622877560.
E-mail Address: emmess19@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

890
Species Composition and Density of Periphyton on some
Macrophyte Species in High Altitude Lake of Kashmir
Himalaya
Bilal Ahmad Beigh£1, Naveeda Ali2, Fayaz3, Ashok Kumar Pandit4
1
Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India.
2
PG Department of Environmental Sciences, SP College Srinagar, India
3
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, India.
4
CORD, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
. JKSC-1540

Abstract

Periphyton can be found in almost every type of water body from small ponds to large oceans and in
trophic conditions that range from the most oligotrophic to the most eutrophic. They play a key role in
primary productivity, nutrient cycling, and food web interactions. Periphyton has the potential to be used
as indicators of water quality due to their ability to grow at the rapid rate, to respond to the changes
quickly and is also easy to sample. Periphyton which covers rocks, wood, sediment particles, macrophytes
and other surfaces in aquatic systems is sensitive to changing environmental conditions. Periphyton
community can be used as a tool to monitor the changes in water quality and to understand the ecological
impact of an ecosystem. The present study deals with the general ecological study of periphytic algal
community of two different types of macrophytes (Potamageton luscens and Ceratophyllum demersum)
in terms of species composition and density during the autumn season of Nilnag Lake, a high altitude lake
of Kashmir himalaya. A total of 45 taxa were identified representing four classes namely Bacillariophyceae
(25), Chlorophyceae (12), Cyanophyceae (7) and Euglenophyceae (1). Among the four observed groups
Bacillariophyceae was found to be dominant on both the substrates both quantitatively and qualitatively
in the Lake.

Keywords : Periphyton, Water quality, Indicators, Macrophytes, Potamageton luscens.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018050708.
E-mail Address: bilalbeigh658@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

891
Status, Composition and Diversity of Birds of New University
Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Asha Sohil£1, Muzaffar A. Kichloo2, Parmil Kumar3
1,3
University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
2
Govt Degree College, Thathri, India.
JKSC-1264

Abstract

We recorded 92 species of birds belonging to 70 genera in 41 families and 13 orders during the avifaunal
surveys conducted in the new University Campus of University of Jammu in the span of three years ending
2017. Passeriformes dominated the list with 52 species belonging to 25 families. The seasonal distribution
and abundance of birds was recorded individually along with their feeding and habitat guilds. 68% of the
birds preferred dense vegetation as their favoured habitats in the form of top and sub-canopies,
understory, hedges and bushes. Regarding their food preferences, the insectivores were found in higher
numbers followed by omnivores and frugivores. Significantly higher number of birds (72.8%) was found
to be residents while the rest were all migrants. A considerable decline in the composition and diversity
of birds has been observed in the recent past owing to the unprecedented increment in the vehicular
traffic and associated noise, construction activities and allied happenings in and around the campus. The
information generated during the present surveys will serve as an important baseline to help devising
effective strategies for the conservation and management of birds and their diversity in the campus and
its neighborhood.

Keywords: Avifauna, abundance, diversity, habitat guilds, nesting behaviour, University of Jammu, Vegetative cov.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9107204882.
E-mail Address: ashasohil04@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

892
Tree Biomass Carbon Variation in Dachigam National Park,
J&K, India
Moieza Ashraf£, F. A. Lone, Akhlaq Amin Wani, Naira Ashraf
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1367

Abstract

Absorbing CO2 from atmosphere and moving into the biological system and biomass of the plants, and
finally into the soil is the only practical way of removing large volumes of the major greenhouse gas (CO2)
from the atmosphere. The pressing need to find solutions to the CO2 problem has spurred significant
research and development in both CO2 capture and storage technologies. The present research was
conducted to generate forest biomass type carbon map using LISS IV data of 2013 in combination with
sampled field inventory data in the forests of Dachigam National Park. About 21 quadrats of 0.1 ha were
laid after conducting pilot study in year 2014 in seven different strata for recording field inventory data
viz. diameter at breast height, height and additional parameters as slope and aspect were also measured.
Biomass carbon (Mg ha) was assessed for different forest types using recommended volume equations,
ratios and factors. Ground truthing was carried out with the help of GPS for the verification of maps and
other interpreted classes and forests were mapped into different types/strata for biomass estimation. Out
of the total seven vegetation strata, mixed broad leaved had the highest area coverage (21.95%) > grassland
> horticulture > pine > parrotia > oak > agricultural plantation (1.75%) with the least area coverage. The
study demonstrates the applicability of mapping and sampled field inventory for type wise assessment of
carbon mitigation in temperate forests of Dachigam National Park, Kashmir Himalayas. A species based
forest type map generated for Dachigam National Park can thus be used for prioritizing different physical
interventions aimed at conservation of wildlife. The paper will discuss the tree biomass carbon variation
in Dachigam Ntional Park.

Keywords: Carbon stock, Kashmir Himalaya, Mixed broad leaved, Dachigam National.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419039954.
E-mail Address: moieza.janwari@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

893
Water Quality Characterstics of Marsudar river, Kishtwar
Umara Qayoom£, Sami Ullah Bhat, Aftab Ahmad Bhat, Adil Hamid
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-675

Abstract

The present study was carried out during 2014 to 2015 with the aim to assess the water quality of Marsudar
river of district Kishtwar. Water samples were collected from twelve different sites along the stretch of 45
km of river and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. pH was slightly alkaline (7 to 8.1) in
nature while temperature was in the range of 6 to 12.5°C. Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen (7.1 to 12
mg/l) was fairly good while that of Free Carbon Dioxide (1 to 6mg/l) was low. Values of Conductivity (110
to 7120 µScm-1) and Total Dissolved Solids (74 to 161 mg/l) varied considerably between the sites.
Alkalinity (30 to 70 mg/l) was mainly due to bicarbonates while as low value of Chloride (3 to 11 mg/l) and
Sulfate (2 to 28 mg/l) was attributed to leaching of rocks and dissolution of evaporite sediments. Total
Hardness (60 to 180 mg/l) was falling in medium to hard category while as Silicate (2 to 29 mg/l) and Iron
(50 to 550 mg/l) were low in concentration. The reason for the variation in some physico-chemical
parameters between the sites can be attributed to the glacial origin and torrential nature of the stream.
Overall dominance pattern of cations across study sites were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ while as among
anions HCO3- was dominating. Concentration of nutrients like Ammonia (10 to 61 µg/l), Nitrite (1 to 63
µg/l), Nitrate (24 to 490 µg/l) and Total Phosphorus (70 µg /l to 639 µg /l) were low except that of Nitrate
which were slightly elevated. From the study it was concluded that the stream under investigation was
free from any organic as well as inorganic pollution while as leaching of Nitrate from the watershed could
have occurred as a result of agriculture practice in the area.

Keywords: Stream, Spring, Physico-chemical Characteristics, Dissolved Oxygen.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622428566.
E-mail Address: umaira_2@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

894
Wild Edible Plants Resources of Nubra Valley, India
Stanzin Namtak£, Ramesh C. Sharma
HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
JKSC-1314

Abstract

Indigenous people living in rural areas depend on the use of wild plants in their diet and often have
considerable plant knowledge. This paper examines the actual use and knowledge of wild edible plants in
Nubra Valley. The Nubra valley lies between the two great mountain ranges- the Ladakh on the South and
the Karakoram on the North. The people living in this area have rich knowledge about utilization of wild
plants as fruits, vegetables and medicines. Some of the main wild edible plants are Allium
prezewalskianum, Allium himile, Carum carvi, Arnebia euchroma, Capparis spinosa, Chenopodium
album, Mentha logifolia, Oxyria digyna, Urtica hyperborea, Hippophae rhamnoides, Rosa webbiana. Some
of these plants are used for preparing traditional dishes like thukpa or to prepare tangthur, which is eaten
with paba or tagi. Some plants parts like young stem and ripened fruits are eaten raw.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ladakh, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Wild plants.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7060337703.
E-mail Address: namtak@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

895
Review on Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Shah Ishfaq£1, Arshid Jehangir2
1,2
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1008

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the major health concern around the world and the pollutants that are breathed
deep in the lungs is a posing serious impacts on health. Among the various pollutants Sulphates, nitrates,
acids, metals and carbon particles and various chemicals adsorbed onto their surface are most dangerous
for health. Air pollution episodes dramatically increased the cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality.
Numerous studies describe that all types of air pollution, at high concentration, can affect the airways.
The effects of air pollutants include nausea, skin irritation, cancer, birth and developmental defects. They
also include reduced activity of the immune system which may lead to a number of diseases. Moreover,
air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides increase the susceptibility to respiratory infections. Carbon
monoxide reduces the capacity to transfer oxygen by binding to the hemoglobin. Heavy metals can
damage kidneys by decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Exposure to increased levels of Sulphur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides and heavy metals like arsenic, nickel or vanadium are responsible to cause nose
and throat irritation, bronchoconstriction and dyspnea. Work related exposure to particulates is a risk
factor for chronic respiratory irritation, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. The airborne
particulates and associated trace metals have been related to both acute and chronic adverse health effects
which mostly consist of respiratory diseases, lung cancer, heart diseases and damage to other organs.
Besides the outdoor exposures to air pollutants, household air pollution (HAP) from the combustion of
solid and other polluting fuels, is responsible for a very substantial public health burden, impacting
primarily on homes in low and middle income countries. According to Global Burden of Disease Study
2010, cooking with solid fuels was estimated to cause 3.5 million premature deaths with a further 0.5
million outdoor air pollution deaths being attributed to emissions from household cooking. WHO 2012
reported 4.3 million premature deaths due to household air pollution. Thus there is a need to use clean
technologies, set up strict standards and increase vegetative cover to decrease the potential health risks
caused due to exposures to increased air pollutants.

Keywords: Air Pollution, Cardiopulmonary, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Nausea.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006703858.
E-mail Address: ishfaqqayoom@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

896
New Approaches to Biodiversity Assessment and
Conservation
Aatifa Rasool£, K. M. Bhat, Shafia Zargar
1
Division of Fruit Science, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, India..
JKSC-1601

Abstract

The maintenance of genetic diversity in apple is important for its adaptability in light of the changing
environments as it provides the raw material for developing new cultivars via hybridization or selection.
In recent years a number of apple genetic resource work regarding evaluation, conservation, and
utilization programmes have been initiated in different countries. We examined the genetic diversity,
relatedness and distinctness among various apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars. The goal of this
study was to characterize 40 apple accessions (Malus x domestica Borkh) based on morphological
evaluation. The 40 apple cultivars under this study, were divided into four groups viz., released, newly
introduced, old varieties and scab resistant selections. Morphological characterization was performed
using 33 fruit traits. Using cluster analysis the cultivars were divided into 7 clusters, G1, G2, G3, G5, G8,
G12, G13, G14, G16, G17, G21, G23, G26, G27, G39, G32, G37, G38 and G39 fell in cluster1 while G7,G9 and
G36 formed three different clusters.

Keywords: Diversity, Characterization,Cluster,Hybridization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493944532.
E-mail Address: atifaw04@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

897
Periphytonic Diversity in Relation to Water Quality of River
Song in Doon Valley
Mohd Awas£1
Department of Environmental Sciences
JKSC-1609

Abstract

During the last few decades there has been an increasing demand for monitoring water quality of many
rivers by regular measurement of various water quality variables. Song river in Uttarakhand requires the
same qualitative and quantitative approach of monitoring for predicting the steady state water quality
condition. The present study was carried out for a period of six month on monthly basis from December
2011 to May 2012 for physico - Chemical and biological parameters of Song river at S1, S2 , S3 and S4 in
Doon valley (Dehradhun) Uttarakhand India .The influence of physico _ chemical parameter of song river
and it biological diversity revealed that the quality of water has been slightly deteriorated showing of
fairly good diversity with phytoplankton fallowed by zooplankton and macrobenthos (Phytoplankton
>Zooplankton > Macrobenthos) in the result I found that in phytoplankton Chlorophyceae was
dominated fallowed by Bacillariphyceae , Dipnophyceae, Myxophyceae and then Xanthophyceae.
Corelation between hydrological attribute and biological diversiey was good to some extent; however, the
condition of hydrological attributes had a great effect on biotic diversity of River Song. In the present
study biological diversity was found highest at S1 and lowest at S3 showing a general and irregular trend
from S1 to S4 as (S1>S4>S2>S3). Other parameter used for the analysis of water quality in relation to
pheriphytonic diversity were BOD, COD, PH, Turbidity, Softness and hardness. The result shows that as
the S1 is steep that mean water flow is high so BOD is low and rich in periphytonic diversity as compare
to S3 and S4 which is plain and water flow is slow so BOD is high and periphytonic diversity is low BOD
and COD is high due to anthropogenic activites. The current prevalling condition of physic – chemical
parameter of River Song and aquatic diversity besides acting as potential bioindicators of trophic status
require the management strategies for the conservation of River Song in Doon valley.

Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, Biological diversity, Hydrological attribute, Phytoplankton Chlorophyceae.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: padmadechan004@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

898
Effect of Altitude on Resource Allocation Pattern and Alkaloid
Content in Valeriana Jatamansi Jones Vulnerable Medicinal
Plant of Kashmir Himalaya
Sheema Zaffar£1, Azra N. Kamili2, Irshaad A. Nawchoo3, Asma Zafar4, Ieeba Khan5,
B. A. Ganai6, Kulsum Ahmad Bhat7
1,2,4
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, India.
4,5,6,7
Centre of Research FOE Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1662

Abstract

Valeriana Jatamansi Jones belonging to the Family Valerianaceae locally known as ‘Mushki bala’ is an
important medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya occurring at an altitude of 1500-3200 meters above sea
level. Traditional and folklore medicines play a significant role in health services around the globe.
Traditionally, it finds use in the treatment of various diseases of eye, skin and liver. In this study the
influence of altitude on the resource allocation scheme and alkaloid content were examined as bothof
these are important for cultivation and commercialization of this medicinally important herb. The
resource allocation scheme is important to plant ecology and evolution and finds use in agricultural
practices as these patterns and the degree of variation among species set limits to the biomass production
as well as utilization. Besides resource allocation altitude has a profound impact on the bioactive
components of the plant. The content of these phytochemicals varied in different V. Jatamansi. batches
collected from different altitudes. The highest alkaloid content was found in the population from alpine
regions making these habitats more sought after. In case of resource partitioning the pattern showed a
shift from shoot to root with increase in the habitat altitude.

Keywords; Valeriana Jatamansi Jones, Skin, Liver, Phytochemicals, Alkaloid.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: asma.ddm@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

899
Green Advertising in India: A Study in Framing Techniques
Ieeba Khan1£, Asma Zafar2 Sheema Zaffar3
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, India.
2,3
Department of Environmental Science,University of Kashmir, Srinagar.
JKSC-1663

Abstract

The huge consumer base and the burgeoning purchasing power of Indian middle class have led to
tremendous increase in the Indian advertisement industry, especially television advertisements. Given the
outreach of cable television, advertisements can be found pursuing the needs of every section of the
society.
The global awareness for environment has pushed the corporate in the country as elsewhere to imbibe
the temperament for environmental concerns, at least in their public interfaces. As such advertisements
all around can be found reflecting this universal urge of ‘care’ for the environment. This has resulted in
the development of green advertising, where terms like eco-friendly, environment-friendly, green, nature,
clean etc, along with visuals of scenic nature are foregrounded on the consciousness of the audience
consumers.
A significant area of research in advertizing and marketing is framing and framing effect. Framing is
structuring of pieces of data in a coherent whole to be presented to an audience. Green advertisements
frame the consumer products as things that support the natural environment. Within this backdrop, the
present paper would highlight the nature of green advertising in Indian advertisements. Reflecting upon
representative green advertisements screened on National Geographic, India and Discovery India, the
paper would analyze the techniques used to frame consumer goods as environment friendly. This would
include the analysis both the linguistic as well as visual resources exploited by the add makers to show
the products in positive nature frames.

Keywords: Environment, Advertisements, Marketting,framming.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: leebakhan@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

900
Assessment of Water Quality Index and Irrigation Water
Quality of Surface Water around Major Vegetable Belt of
South Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Shamsul Haq£, Shoukat Ara, Asma Absar Bhatti, Shafat Ahmad Mir, Zubair Ahmad
Dar
SKUAST-Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1677

Abstract

The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) and irrigation water quality of the
surface water bodies around commercially grown vegetable belt of Shirpora, Anantnag situated in south
Kashmir of Jammu and Kashmir. Purposive sampling method was adapted for selecting the fifteen
sampling points and the water samples were collected randomly for the analysis of physico-chemical viz
pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, CO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43- and B-. Water quality index
(WQI) was calculated from various parameters like, pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-
. SAR, B and EC values were used to evaluate the irrigation water quality and ranged from 0.83-1.40, 0.09-
0.32 dSm-1 and 0.00-0.07 respectively. Both SAR and EC values fall in S1 category hence excellent for
irrigation, whileas EC values belong to the medium salinity category (C2). It is evident from the study that
the WQI values of water (6.81) of the selected site belong to the excellent water class and is excellent for
drinking purposes.

Keywords; Water quality index, SAR, Boron, Cations, Anions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797741180.
E-mail Address: shamsulhaq111@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

901
Study of Physicochemical Characteristics and Sources of
Pollution of Lake Mansar, Jammu, J&K
Sheetu Dhar£, Deepika Slathia, Assadullah Sheikh
Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
JKSC-1678

Abstract

Lakes among the surface water bodies are the most valuable water resources from both economic and
ecological point of view. These were earlier recognized as microcosms, but now it has been well
established that lake ecosystem comprises of lake and its entire drainage basin and any change in the
drainage basin has its repercussions on the lake ecology and its water quality. The present investigation
was carried out for a period of one year from October 2014 to September 2015 and the water samples
collected were analysed for various physicochemical parameters during the study various water quality
parameters such as air temperature (A.T), water temperature (W.T), electrical conductivity (EC), total
dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, salinity, pH, free carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbonate, bicarbonate,
dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),
total hardness (TH), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). The results reveal that owing to poor
management, the lake is receiving significant pollution load and dissolved constituents from catchment
area, drainage basin, agricultural fields, forest area and wildlife sanctuary in the vicinity of lake.

Keywords: Water bodies, Ecological, Water temperature, Drainage, Physicochemical parameters.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +NA
E-mail Address: sheetudhar86@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

902
Temporal Dynamics of Periphytic Algae of River Marsudar,
Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir
Inam Sabha1, Sami Ullah Bhat1, Aadil Hamid1£, Sheikh Tajamul1, Aftab Ahmad Bhat2
1
Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
2
Environmental Science, Department Higher Education, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
JKSC-329

Abstract

Periphyton is a fundamental component of river ecosystem. Seventy-six taxa of periphytic algae were
obtained from river Marsudar at nine stations in the months November 2014, June 2015 and December
2015. More taxa and good densities were generally observed at almost all study sites. The taxa recorded
from different sampling sites, belonged to 4 major classes namely Bacillariophyceae (53 taxa),
Chlorophyceae (14 taxa), Cyanophyceae (8 taxa) and Chrysophyceae (1). Species like Denticula sp.,
Epithemia sorex, Rhapalodia sp., Cymbella ventricosa, Diatoma himeale, Diatoma tenuis, Diatoma
vulgare, Fragillaria vaucherirae, Gomphonema trucatum, Meloseria sp., Navicula acicularis, Navicula
rhynchocepgala, Nitzschia acicularis, Nitzschia gracillius and Surirella ovalis belonging to class
Bacillariophyceae were present only once during the study period. In case of class Chlorophyceae species
like Cladophora sp., Klebsormidium sp., Microcystics sp., Enteromorpha sp. and Spirogyra sp. was present
formerly during the study. Whereas Merismopedia sp., Mougeotia sp. and Gloeocystis sp. belonging to
class Cyanophyceae were also present barely once throughout study. In terms of density the highest
density was recorded at Reni near astan (5118 ind/cm2) in the month of December, 2015 and least density
was recorded at Dehruna (108 ind/cm2) in the month of June 2015. The winter recorded highest density
as well as diversity as compare to autumn and summer season. Over all highest density was recorded in
the month of December 2015 which is about (20406 ind/cm2) and (71 taxa), which is followed by second
highest density of individuals in month June, 2015 (5934 ind/cm2) and (49 taxa) and least in November,
2014 having density (557 ind/cm2) and (32 taxa). Periphyton species differed among sites as well as
seasons. The upstream sites were observed having high taxa of diatoms. The periphyton community
structure could be used to monitor the nutrient status of lotic ecosystems.

Keywords: Periphyton, Diatoms, Kishtwar, Density, Marsudar.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596460448.
E-mail Address: sabhainam@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

903
Comparative Study on Limnology of Two Lakes of Kashmir
Tanveer H1£, Fayaz Ahmad2, Mishra R. M.1, Arnold R3
1
School of Environmental Biology, Awadesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, M.P, India.
2
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
3
Govt. Girls P.G College, Awadesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, M., India..

JKSC-1704

Abstract

The study was carried out to compare the physico-chemical characteristics of two lakes of Kashmir (Dal
Lake and Manasbal Lake) in order to determine the trophic status, based on the date sets of eight
monitoring stations present in two lakes. The date sets exhibited variation within and among the lakes.
Both lakes showed anthropogenic stress in the form of nutrient enrichment resulting in change of trophic
status, but the change being more pronounced in Dal Lake as compared to Manasbal Lake. Manasbal Lake
is under stress of heavy nutrient load from catchment area whereas Dal Lake is under the stress of
wastewater pollution in addition to nutrient influx from catchment area.

Keywords: Trophic status, Anthropogenic, Nutrient Load, Catchment Area.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006907457.
E-mail Address: tanveer.uok@gmail.com.

©2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

904
Geo-informatics
906
Assessing the Proglacial Lake Changes and Associated Glacier
Changes over Zansksar Mountain Range using Earth
Observation Data
Ulfat Majeed£, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-999

Abstract

The globally increasing temperatures have led to the accelerated melt of the glaciers world over. The
impact of the warming has been prominent in the Himalayas too, where glaciers have shown signs of
accelerated recession. In the present study, a detailed inventory of proglacial lakes(PGL)and associated
glacier changes over Zanskar region have been assessed using earth observation data for a 26 year period
from 1990 to 2016. Three inventories have been prepared separately for 1990, 2000 and 2016. The
multispectral datasets of Landsat that include Thematic Mapper (TM), and Enhanced Thematic Mapper
(ETM+) images were used for the year 1990 and 2000 respectively. Sentinel 2A images of lean snow periods
(September 2016) were used for 2016. Satellite data along with digital topographic data and high resolution
Google Earth images were used in order to delineate the glaciers and associated proglacial lakes. We
identified 10 moraine dammed pro-glacier lakes across the Zanskar region from 2016 data. It was observed
that the lakes persistently increased in area since 1990s. There are also indications that new lakes are
evolving that could be attributed to rising temperatures in the region. Some of these lakes could be seen
forming in 2016 which were neither present in 1990 nor 2000 satellite data. 5 PGL were present in the year
1990. The number of PGL rose to 7 and 10 in 2000 and 2016 respectively. Our study showed an increase of
0.35% in lake area from 2000-2016. It was observed that glacier area was highest in 1990(14.08 km 2)
followed by continuous retreat in subsequent years. The glacier area in 2000 was 12.94 km 2 and reduced
to 10.9 km2 in 2016. Over the 26 year analysis period most of the glaciers showed recession while the
associated lakes expanded. Out of the total lakes present in 2016 only, 50% were present in 1990 which
grew to 70% in 2000. Glacier area showed an average change of 0.22% from 1990 to 2016.The glacier area
showed a decrease of 0.08% from 1990-2000 and 1.6% from 2000-2016 indicating accelerated melt. The
inventory so developed can serve as a baseline data for hazard assessment and mitigation.

Keywords: : Earth observation, Zanskar, Proglacial Lake, Glacier retreat; Glacier lake outburst flood.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906831119.
E-mail Address: ulfatmgis@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

907
Assessing Glacier Dynamics over Karakoram and Zanskar by
using ICESat & DEM
Shafat Rashi£, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1204

Abstract

Quantifying the thickness changes is extremely important for determining the glacier health. This study
attempted to assess the geodetic mass change of glaciers in Zanskar and Karakoram mountain ranges in
Jammu and Kashmir. The glacier outlines were delineated by onscreen digitization using multi-temporal
satellite data having minimal snow and cloud cover from satellite data of 2010 (+1 year) also, thickness
fluctuations were assessed from 2000 to 2009 using ICESat laser altimetry data. The ICESat data was used
to assess the change in glacier thickness, 33 glaciers were chosen on which extensive ICESat data was
available from 2000 to 2009 and furthermore, interpolated thickness change surfaces were generated for
four glaciers with sufficient ICESat footprint on both glacier accumulation and ablation zones. Changes
in glacier thickness were assessed using SRTM DEM of 2000. The SRTM DEM was first calibrated and
corrected for biases before using for the assessment of glacier changes. The results obtained shows that
the glaciers in the Karakoram range exhibit very small change in thickness compared to the glacier in
Zanskar mountain range. The study also revealed a strong influence of topography on glacier dynamics.
It was observed that glaciers lying between 4500-5000 m altitudinal range experienced average thickness
loss of -1.23 m/ year, while as the glaciers between 5500-6000 m altitude showed an average thickness
changes of 4.38 m / year. Thickness change was highly pronounced in glaciers having relatively smaller
size and the glaciers which lie at the lower altitudes. It was also observed that some of the glaciers in
Karakoram range exhibited stability or mass gain during the period of study, these glaciers are
concentrated to the north of Karakoram. Mass gain as much as ~4 m was observed in some of the glaciers
in the Karakoram Range, while glaciers in the Zanskar range are losing mass. The relatively higher
thickness loss of glaciers in Zanskar despite being in the close vicinity of Karakoram attributed to relatively
higher temperatures in the summer season which resulted in the melting of accumulated snow.

Keywords: Glacier dynamics, ICESat altimetry, Karakoram range, Zanskar range.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419320462.
E-mail Address: shafatgis@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

908
Assessment of Traffic Congestion on Major Roads of Srinagar
City: A GIS based approach
Shafat Rashid£
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.
JKSC-918

Abstract

The level of urbanization in the current scenario of world, particularly in the city areas is growing rapidly.
As urbanization increases road usage also increases which proportionally increases some strain to the
existing road network. The situation described above is on the increase in the city hub (Lal Chowck) of
Srinagar due to the insufficient parking areas, majority of the parking lies on the street roads, which in
turn causes traffic congestion. The city hub has four major corridors: Pantha Chowck, Rambagh,
Parimpora and Dalgate. For this study, thematic layers were created for assessing adjacent land use,
existing parking area, Road cross sections, pedestal paths, and traffic volume. Analysis of the results &
other queries performed reveals that most probable congestion in Srinagar hub is due to: road width, foot
path vendors, drainage conditions & lack of proper traffic monitoring and managing strategies.

Keywords: Urbanisation, Traffic mapping, Land Use, managing strategies

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419320462.
E-mail Address: shafatgis@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

909
Land use/land Cover Change in Upper Jhelum Basin: Geo-
informatics Approach.
Taroob Bashir£, Shakil Ahmad Ramshoo, Inam sabha, Mustafa Majeed
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-210

Abstract

Land is a valuable resource and mapping of land use/land cover is important for understanding landscape
dynamics. It is essential for planning, monitoring and development of land and water resources in a
region. Monitoring and simulating changes in land use/land cover is acquired using remote sensing and
GIS techniques. The present study illustrates the spatial distribution of land use/land cover in upper
Jhelum basin between years 2008 and 2015. LANDSAT -ETM and LANDSAT-OLI satellite data for 2008
and 2015 years have been used for land use/land cover classification. Total of fourteen land use/land cover
classes were delineated. The main classes include Agriculture, Forest, Horticulture, Built Up, Barren Land,
Aquatic Vegetation, Plantation, Scrubs, Pastures, River Bed, Water Bodies, Exposed Rocks, Snow and
Karewas. The study revealed that Agriculture has decreased by 5.02%. Similarly, forest, river bed and snow
has decreased by 0.41%, 0.006% and 0.57% respectively. Horticulture, built-up and plantation has
increased by4.01%, 0.46% and 0.36%respectively. Barren land, exposed rocks, pastures, scrubs and
karewas all have been increased by 0.10%, 0.56%, 0.32%, 0.07 and 0.01% respectively. Aquatic Vegetation
and water bodies have both increased by 0.003%. The areas showing maximum changes were highlighted
(hotspots) and high resolution maps of the hotspots were created via IKONOS image satellite. The change
detection analyses of the three hotspots were carried out and it was analyzed that agriculture is showing
depleting trend since 2008.The result of the work showed rapid growth in horticulture and built-up
between years 2008 and 2015

Keywords: Key words: Land use/cover, Jhelum, Change detection, Kashmir, Imageries

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596286261.
E-mail Address: naqashtaroob@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

910
A Substantiative Study of Air Pollution Levels in the City of
Srinagar (J&K) using LANDSAT Images
Maroof Ahad£, Sibtain Manzoor Hafiz, Aijaz Ahmad Badyari
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-324

Abstract

With the implementation of BS IV standards from 2017 in the entire country, the commitment of India
towards the regulation of anthropogenic emissions increased. Anthropogenic activities being the most
critical cause of the pollution particularly urban development and automobile emissions call for a check
with the discharge of pollutants by high volume transportation and emissions by non-specified industries
in the form of CO2, CO, SO2, NO2, etc the air quality index decreases.

With localized distribution of testing facilities, the measurement of emissions becomes non pragmatic.
This study makes use of spectral signature of CO, CO2, SO2, PM 2.5 and PM 10 as most critical sources of
Air Pollution. LANDSAT images have better spatial resolution than appropriate spectral bands and
weather meters, Geographic Information System (GIS ), spatial distribution of these pollutants in Srinagar
over a defined period of time has been modelled and then to establish the model valuation, created maps
were the only source of providing such data because the state of Jammu and Kashmir has only three
ground stations for measuring such pollutants in Narwal (Residential), M A M Stadium (Residential) and
Bari Brahmana (Industrial). ArcGIS, ArcMaps and Geomatica were used to process the .tiff images
provided by LANDSAT to analyse the data.

Keywords: LANDSAT, Environment, Air Pollution, GIS

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797291423.
E-mail Address: maroofpunzoo@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

911
Assessing Glacier Changes over greater Himalayan mountain
range, Kashmir Himalaya from 1912-2016
Misbah Raj£, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1077

Abstract

Regular monitoring of glaciers is important for improving our knowledge of glacier response to
environmental changes. The present study investigated the glacier changes over greater Himalayan
mountain range, Kashmir Himalaya (34°23'N, 75°35'E) from 1912-2016 using Topographical maps and
Satellite data. An inventory of 39 glaciers, including estimation of area and snout changes from 1912-2016
have been assessed. The study reveals that the glacier area has shrunk by 51% (about 49.2 km²) indicating
a recession of 0.49% per year and the average retreat of the glacier snout varied from 1111.84 m from 1912-
2016. Categorization of glaciers in present study revealed that the glacier area change is controlled by
glacier size. The maximum number of glaciers (22) were found to be in

Keywords: Glacier retreat, Kashmir Himalaya, Satellite data, Topographic maps

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493919630.
E-mail Address: misbahraj48@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

912
Appropriateness of GRACE Data for Assessing the Mass
Balance of Glaciers across Hindu Kush Himalaya
Sarish Mukhtar Shah£, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Science, University of Kashmirm, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1005

Abstract

The gravity anomalies have been widely used for estimating the changes in the mass of glaciers
in polar region and ice-caps world over. This is very important given the limited in-situ data
about mass balance of glaciated regions across the world in general and Himalaya in particular
where glaciers have been reported to be losing mass. In this study, we assessed gravity
anomaly over Hindu Kush Himalaya and correlated these gravity anomaly with the in-situ
mass balance data of few glaciers, in order to check the appropriateness of GRACE data for
mass balance over Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH). Time series analysis of the GRACE data
with a spatial resolution of 1°×1° was carried out from 2002-2016 over the study area. The time
series analysis of gravity anomalies over Karakoram Range showed the slight increasing trend
from 2002-2016; whereas the other parts of North West Himalaya. Similar decreasing trends
were observed over eastern Himalayan region of Arunachal and Central Himalaya. We also
correlated those gravity anomalies with in-situ mass balance data of few glaciers in HKH
region. Our analysis indicated that gravity anomalies over winter season showed correlation
coefficient going up to 77% compared with in-situ mass balance. Our analysis from 2002-2016
over Hindu Kush Himalaya gives indication of the decrease in overall mass except for the
Karakoram Range that corroborates the high mountain Asia-wide geodetic mass balance
estimates.

Keywords: Glaciers, GRACE, Gravity anomaly, Himalaya, Mass balance.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596080205.
E-mail Address: sarishshah23@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

913
Assessing Land System Changes and its Causes in Lidder
valley, Kashmir Himalaya
Nahida Ali£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1337

Abstract

Land system change is both a cause and consequence of several biophysical and socioeconomic
transformation observed worldwide. Land change science has emerged as a fundamental component of
global environmental change and sustainability research and is therefore being researched on priority and
with focus. In this research, land system changes in the Lidder valley, Kashmir Himalaya were studied
from 1972 to 2013 using a time series of satellite data of the same season and verified on the ground through
extensive field surveys. Land use and land cover (LULC) change detection with focus on the changes
happening in the paddy cultivation and horticulture, were prepared in GIS environment using Landsat
MSS data of 25th Oct 1972, Landsat TM data of 25th Oct 2005 and Landsat OLS/TIRS data of 25th Oct
2013. Results from the LULC analysis showed that the agriculture area has decreased from 189.73 km2 to
77.71 km2, horticulture area has increased from 3.00 km2 to 95.73 km2 and built up has increased from
1.31 km2 to 16.20 km2 from 1972 to 2013. Hydrometeorological data from 1980-2010 at the Pahalgam
meteorological station and 8 discharge observation stations located in the Lidder valley was also analyzed.
Streamflow showed significantly decreasing trend for all the 8 discharge observation stations but still
there is plenty of water available in the valley for irrigation purposes. The observed temperature showed
increasing and significant trend for Pahalgam station. However, precipitation does not show any
significant trend during the period. A socioeconomic survey based on the questionnaire having 60
questions was carried out in 83 villages of the study area. Though, a significant number of the surveyed
people in the valley (73%) agreed that the climate is changing but 71 % of the sampled population said
that the people have shifted from paddy culture to horticulture because of the better economic returns.
Only 2% of the sampled people have shifted from paddy to horticulture due to the water shortages. From
the analysis of the observed agriculture-horticulture land conversion data, socioeconomic survey data and
hydrometeorological data, it is concluded that the land conversion is mainly triggered by the economic
considerations as the horticulture provides 5-6 time more economic returns compared to the paddy
culture. However, it was also observed that in some areas the reduction in the streamflows under
changing climate have forced the cultivators to shift from water-intensive paddy culture to horticulture.
The land system changes, if not properly guided, will have seriously consequences for the food security,
black carbon emissions and other unforeseen consequences and therefore might not be sustainable in the
long run.

Keywords: Land Use and Land Cover, hydro-meteorological data, Climate change, Socioeconomic survey

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622577466.
E-mail Address: geonahida@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

914
Assessing the Alpine Vegetation Dynamics Over Pir Panjal
Mountain Range Using Earth Observation Data and
Geospatial Modelling
Mustafa Hameed Bhat£, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1099

Abstract

The impacts of climate change are very prominent over Himalayas. Unfortunately, the impacts of climate
change on Himalayan ecosystems have not been investigated properly although the mountain system is
highly vulnerable to changing climate. The study focuses to map the current alpine vegetation distribution
in Pir Panjal and project its behavior under changing climate using remotely sensed data. In this study,
current alpine vegetation distribution across Pir Panjal, spanning over ~1060.22 km2, was mapped at a
scale 1:5000 using two data sets Corona (1980) and Landsat (2014) having a resolution of 4m and 15m
respectively. SRTM DEM was used to delineate the spatial extents of the alpine landscapes (>2500 m asl
in this case). On-screen image interpretation was used for delineating the vegetation/land cover types for
the study area. This study used future climate scenario output from the model GFDL, CMIP5 30-seconds
climate model (RCP 2.6) in vegetation modeling approach - the empirical MaxEnt to elucidate changes in
the suitable habitat area, elevation shift and relative coverage of Shrubs. To perform the modeling in
MaxEnt, species occurrence should be in comma separated values (CSV) and covariates should be in raster
Arc/Info ASCII Grid format. Study area was classified into 10 classes which include Agriculture, Degraded
Forest, Exposed Rocks, Forest, Ice, Lake, Pasture, Road, Shrubs and Streams. The study revealed that the
area of degraded forests has increased by 278.39% from 23.27 km2 (1980) to 88.05 km2 (2014) while shrubs
showed a small increase of 1.31% during the analysis period. On contrary forests decreased by 13.43% and
snow/ice by 2.67%. The results under the climate scenario showed increasing suitable habitat for shrubs
by 19% increase in area from (14.57 km2-17.338 km2) in the future (2050), with shrubs moving up to higher
elevations.

Keywords: RCPs, CMIP5, Vegetation Dynamics, MaxEnt

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906693778.
E-mail Address: bhat.muzzaa34567@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

915
Assessing the Impact of Debris Cover on Glacier Changes in
the Zanskar Himalaya
Basharath Nabi£, Irfan R., Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1114

Abstract

The Mountain glaciers are covered with varying amount of supraglacial debris cover derived from either
local rocks or sometimes from atmospheric deposition of particulates. Debris cover influences the melting
behaviour of a glacier. In this study, changes in the glacial area and debris cover of five neighbouring
glaciers; Pansila, Drung durung, Haskira, Kange and Hagshu glaciers in Zanskar Himalaya were estimated
for four decades (1976-2016) using time series of remote sensing data. Among all the five glaciers Kange
showed highest percentage of debris cover of 23% followed by Haskira (21%), Hagshu (19%), Pansila (10%)
and D. Durung (6%). From the satellite data analysis, it was observed that the glaciers have shrunk by 9%
of the total area during the period with the Drung drung showing highest recession rate of 13.5% of the
total area followed by Haskira (8.3%), Pansila (7.4%), Kange (4.8%) and Hagshu (4.2%). Further, glaciers
were showing an average snout change of 45 m2/year. Drung Durung showed highest snout change of
120m2/year followed by Haskira (65m2/year), Pansila(58m2/year), Kange (37m2/year) and Hagshu
(30m2/year). Highest rate of recession of Drung drung glacier is attributed to comparatively lower debris
cover of the glacier. While as the Hagshu and Kange glaciers have high debris cover which might be
responsible for their lowest recession rates. As per the observed changes in the area and snout positions,
the clean glaciers showed higher recession compared to the debris covered glaciers. This study suggests
that there is further need of the debris thickness estimation which might give better understanding of the
impact of debris cover on glacier recession.

Keywords: Glacier, Debris, recession

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889497526.
E-mail Address: bnlone0@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

916
Assessing the Land System Changes in Bodsar Wetland
Catchment using Earth Observation Satellite Data
Ovaid Javed Wani£, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1250

Abstract

Wetlands have great importance for more than one reason most notably because they charge aquifers,
improve water quality by trapping the sediments, and are habitat for biodiversity. The present study was
carried out on Bodsar wetland spread over 200 km2 in Pampore area of Kashmir.The primary focus of this
study was to quantify the land system changes from 1980 to 2017 using high resolution earth observation
data. Our results indicate that the increasing trend in population density and number of households has
a direct impact on the changing LULC in Bodsar wetland. The area under built up increased from 3.87 km 2
in 1980 to 14.37 km2 in 2017, indicating a 271.32% increase. Our analysis also suggested that the people
living in the catchment of this wetland are shifting their land use from agriculture to horticulture. The
area under orchards increased from 3.01 km² in 1980 to 21.67 km² in 2017 indicating a 7-fold increase during
the past 37 years. The area under agriculture decreased by 36.45km 2 from 94.30 km2 in 1980 to 57.82 km2
in 2017. In the year 1980, the total area under dense forest was 30.56 km² which decreased to 25.18 km2 in
2017. Change detection analysis of LULC indicated that 5.38 km² of dense evergreen forests has degraded
over the course of time. Such massive land system changes have a potential to accelerate the
eutrophication of this wetland.

Keywords: Earth observation, Bodsar wetland, LULC, Sentinel 2A, Landsat OLI

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622506209.
E-mail Address: ovaidwani@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

917
Effect of Planetary Boundary Layer Dynamics and Ventilation
Coefficient on Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of Black
Carbon at Srinagar City
Mudasir Ahmad Bhat£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-668

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) aerosol is the second highest contributor to global warming after CO2. The study was
carried to find out the impact of planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics and ventilation coefficient (VC)
on the long term (2012-2017) seasonal and diurnal variability of BC aerosol loading at Srinagar city. BC
data was procured from the continuous ambient air quality monitoring station at University of Kashmir,
Srinagar. PBL height for the same period was retrieved from the European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Modal at 3-hour interval with a grid resolution of 0.125 degree. Average BC
concentration at Srinagar from 2012-2017 was (5.6 ± 4.2 µg/m3). Diurnal variation of BC showed a bimodal
behavior with two peak concentration periods from 8-10 h and 20-22 h with a slight variation during the
observation years. Autumn and spring seasons showed the highest (10 ± 1.6 µg/m3) and lowest (3.6 ± 1.2
µg/m3) BC respectively. PBL height is an important factor for controlling the diffusion and transportation
of pollutants. As the sun rises, the PBL height increases from a few meters above ground (spring= 126m,
summer = 256m, autumn = 84m, winter = 63m) and reaches maximum in the afternoon (spring= 1330 m,
summer = 1934m, autumn = 1501m, winter = 915m). The maximum PBL height for the entire winter and in
late-autumn is lower than the height of surrounding mountain system which helps in capping action and
leads to lower horizontal and vertical dispersion movement of the BC aerosols. Moreover VC, which is a
measure of the atmospheric assimilation potential estimated by taking into consideration PBL and wind
speed, gives a better insight about the dispersion and transportation of aerosols. The higher the value of
VC the more will be the dispersion, which in turn leads to the lower BC loadings. In this study, the average
VC for spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons was 406, 1540, 1365 and 666 m2/s respectively. The R2
for BC and VC for all the seasons were found to be - 0.97. Thus, lower PBL and VC during the winters and
late autumn, in addition to the other meteorological, topographic and emission factors, leads to the high
BC aerosol loading at Kashmir valley.

Keywords: Black carbon, Planetary Boundary Layer, Ventilation coefficient, Srinagar

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8493955520.
E-mail Address: mudasirgeo12@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

918
Forecasting of the September 2014 Heavy Rain Event Over
Kashmir, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)
Model
Waheed Shah£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-828

Abstract

Accurate rainfall information is required for reliable flood forecasting to provide early warning about a
flood event in order to minimize the consequent flood damage to human life and infrastructure. The
advances in mesoscale numerical weather modelling and modern computing technologies make it
possible to provide rainfall simulations and forecasts at increasingly higher resolutions in space and time.
In this study, we used the Advanced Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) Model, to predict the
extreme rainfall event that occurred over Jammu and Kashmir causing high magnitude flood during
September, 2014. The sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was investigated
using different domain settings and physics schemes to improve the model performance for rainfall
simulation. The WRF model was initialized using NCEP FNL dataset from 31st August 2014:00 UTC to 7th
September 2014:00 UTC, for 192 hours of forecast. The lateral boundary conditions in the WRF model are
updated every 6 hours. The land surface boundary conditions are defined by the International Geosphere
Biosphere Programme (IGBP) 21category land use/cover fields that is available with a horizontal grid
spacing of 2 min. Two nested domains were used in this study the parent domain with grid-spacing of 9
km; and the nested domain covering 3 km grid spacing. The physical parameterization included the
Mellor-Yamada-Janjic TKE scheme for planetary boundary layers, WSM 6-class graupel scheme
microphysics, cumulus option Betts-Miller-Janjic(MYJ) scheme, Noah-MP land-surface model, Monin-
Obukhov (Janjic) scheme surface-layer option, and the RRTM scheme, and Dudhia scheme for long wave
and shortwave radiation. The predicted rainfall was calibrated with the observation from the available
stations. The results show that the WRF model. is able to capture the heavy rainfall events over different
regions of Kashmir and is able to predict rainfall consistent with the observed measurements. e.g. the
correlation coefficient of .69, .67, .84, .82, .72 for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th September respectively. However,
the model showed negative correlation coefficient during its initial hours from 00 to 48-hrs after initiating
the run. The maximum amount of rainfall was simulated over the Kulgam and Anantnaag districts with
the total accumulated precipitation of 600mm and 280mm respectively during the period. In this study,
in addition to precipitation, several dynamic characteristics humidity, wind speed, wind direction, Total
Perceptible, water dew point were predicted.

Keywords: Flood Prediction, WRF Model, Numerical Weather Prediction, Heavy Rainfall

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780930530.
E-mail Address: xwaheed111@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

919
Geodetic Mass Balance of Few Selected Glaciers over Lidder
Valley
Ubair Yaseen Shah£, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1308

Abstract

Determination of glacier mass balance the comparison of two terrain elevation models obtained from
space borne platform is one of the most popular and accurate methods to monitor glacier mass change
over a period of years to decades. Geodetic measurements of the glacier mass budget are powerful as large
and inaccessible areas can be covered and the integrated changes of the whole glacier system are captured.
In this study, mass balance of glaciers located in the Lidder valley, Kashmir Himalaya has been estimated
for a period of 101 years between 1912 and 2013 using geodetic method. The study has been carried out
using five DEMs of dates 1912, 1962, 2001, 2008 and 2013. Overall surface elevation difference revealed that
the glacier lost 1.72m/yr of the ice between the period from 1912 to 2013. The study revealed that the average
mass loss from 2001 to 2013 is higher than that of the 1912 to 2001 analysis period, suggesting that the
glaciers in Kashmir Himalaya are losing mass at higher rate in the 21st century. This study demonstrated
the utility of geodetic method for estimating mass balance of glaciers at regional scale.

Keywords: Glacier dynamics, Geodetic mass balance, Lidder valley, DEM

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469180780.
E-mail Address: ubairyaseen9@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

920
High Resolution Precipitation Estimates from Satellites and
Evaluating their Potential for Flood Early Warning Systems
Ajaz Ahmad Parray£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan Rashid
Department of Earth Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-631

Abstract

In Kashmir valley, flooding is one of the most devastating hazards in terms of causing loss of human life
and property, the September 2014 flood being the latest example. Kashmir valley, a topographically
complex region located in Indian Himalaya, has a very sparse distribution of rainfall gauge stations which
is a major impediment in forecasting floods and other land surface processes. Precipitation measured
using rain gauges observations provide a direct physical measurement (point scale measurement) but do
not provide a reliable spatial representation of precipitation. Compared with gauge observations, satellite-
based high resolution precipitation estimates are believed to be a potential source of inputs in driving
hydrological models especially for Flood Earning warning systems and are the only source of information
on precipitation estimation with large spatial and temporal coverage. Like any other remotely sensed data,
satellite-based rainfall estimates too have uncertainties and are indirect measurements, therefore
quantifying their uncertainties is very critical for evaluating the performances of gridded precipitation
products as it varies in time and space. In the present study, 4 high resolution gridded satellite
precipitation data products IMERG, GSMaP, TRMM and INSAT-3D-IMR were evaluated against the rain-
gauge based Indian Meteorological Department datasets over Kashmir Valley for an extreme precipitation
event of September 2014. Three evaluation indices; Correlation coefficient (CC), the Relative bias (RB) and
the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC), were used to quantitatively evaluate the satellite precipitation
estimates with actual rainfall measurements. Results from quantitative statistical comparison reveal that
IMERG precipitation product has a near perfect positive CC and NSC values of 0.93 and 0.99, respectively;
while the CC and NSC values are 0.7 and 0.5 for GSMaP_Gauge, 0.6 and 0.05 for INSAT-3D-IMR and 0.9
and 0.8 for TRMM-3B42 respectively. The RB estimates indicate that IMERG, with a bias of 2%, is a best-
fit dataset when compared to the surface rain-gauge observations. On the contrary, TRMM-3B42, GSMaP
and INSAT-3D-IMR have underestimated rainfall amounts by -31%, -56%, and -86% respectively. Analysis
of the indices indicate that IMERG precipitation product performed better than other three satellite
precipitation products owing to the closeness of values with surface gauge station data over Kashmir.
IMERG therefore has the potential to become a cost effective input data source for designing a FEWS for
Kashmir.

Keywords: Kashmir Himalaya,Extreme rainfall event,rain_Gauge,Flood

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889385415.
E-mail Address: parryajaz@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

921
Indicators of Land Degradation in Pir Panjal Himalaya,
Kashmir Valley, India
Muzamil Amin£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-808

Abstract

The decline in land quality caused by degradation due to the human activities has been a major global
issue since the 20th century. The immediate causes of land degradation are inappropriate land use that
leads to degradation of soil, water and vegetative cover and the loss of both soil and vegetative biological
diversity, affecting ecosystem structure and functions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impacts
of varying spatial resolution on mapping the indicators of Land degradation in watersheds of the Pir Panjal
Himalaya, Kashmir valley, India. The availability of varied space-based sensors with different spatial
resolutions necessitates the evaluation of the use differential spatial resolution for classification accuracy
in mapping land degradation. A total of eight different indicators of land degradation, viz., vegetal
degradation, water erosion, water logged area, man-made etc with different severity levels were delineated
from AWifs (56m), LISS-III (23.5m), and Google Earth (GE) (1-5m) satellite data using onscreen
digitization. The results were validated in the field and showed accuracies of 95% for GE, 89% for LISS-
III, and 82% for AWifs respectively. Mapping accuracies were found to be influenced by the image spatial
resolution and the spatial structure within and between the land degradation categories. Uncertainties in
mapping the indicators were found to be 61.23 m and for area under different indicators 6.85 m2 (AWifs,
56 m resolution) and 2.87 m2 (LISS-III 23.5 m). It was seen that there was a considerable increase in the
mapping accuracy from the coarse resolution AWifs to High resolution GE. The value of Moran’s Index I
(VMI) of the land degradation indicators for three resolutions was also calculated and it was found to be
considerably affected by different resolutions. With the increase in spatial resolution, Moran Index value
showed significant decrease from high to low resolution.

Keywords: Water erosion, land degradation, indicators, water logging

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596193497.
E-mail Address: Muzamil.amin786@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

922
Near Real-Time Precipitation Estimation by Synergistic use of
Multi-Satellite Data
Mohammd Rafiq£, Anoop Kumar Mishra
Centre for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Sathyabama University, India
JKSC-346

Abstract

In this study rainfall estimation algorithm at fine scale over India and nearby oceanic regions was
developed. The technique was developed by integrating Meteosat-7 of Meteosat First Generation (MFG)
data with Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM). The data from these satellites was overlaid and a
linear relationship was derived from the data sets. The algorithm thus developed was subjected to
verification by utilizing the Indian Metrological Data (IMD). This relationship exhibits a Correlation
Coefficients (CC) of 0.83, and Standard error of estimates of 6.20 mm/h. Also, the performance of the
developed technique was tested against the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG),
Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN),
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), and the Climate Prediction Centre MORPHing
(CMORPH). Tamil Nadu flood event of 2015 is presented here as a case study. This is the first such study
to use GPM and MFG data for monitoring the precipitation over India and the nearby oceanic regions. As
the data is available at near real time it can be used for real-time flash flooding and other related disasters.

Keywords: Precipitation estimation, Flood, Convective Clouds, NRT

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469183781.
E-mail Address: emidamls6@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

923
Opportunity Mapping Using Geospatial Techniques
Ain us Saba£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Muzamil Amin
University of Kashmir, Sringar, India
JKSC-1096

Abstract

Opportunity mapping is a research tool used to understand the dynamics of opportunity within
metropolitan areas. In this study we mapped the opportunities in Pulwama district using data from
various sources; satellite, census, field and other ancillary data. various indices like Resource Index,
Socioeconomic index, Road Index were generated and integrated to develop opportunity index using
multi-criteria analysis. The indices were categorised into five classes ranging from very high to very low.
From the Resource Index it was found that the agriculture has decreased from about 205km2 to 153.33km2,
showing a decrease of 51.67 km2 in area from 2006 to 2016 and during the same period the horticulture
has increased from 82.98 km2to 120 km2 showing an increase of 32.27 km 2. The built-up has increased to
by 23.77 km2 the district during the period. Socioeconomic analysis of the census data of 2011 was done to
generate the socioeconomic index. It was found that out of 348 villages in the district, 11 villages have very
high composite facility index and 121 villages possess very low composite facility index, out of the 348
villages 3 villages i.e. main town in the district are showing very high economic development status and
148 villages are very low economic development status. Finally, Opportunity Index was generated by
integrating the four main indices viz: Resource index (RI), Economic development status (EDS), Facility
index (FI) Road index (RI) in GIS environment. it was found that, out of 348 villages only 4 villages have
very high opportunity index and 123 villages possess very low opportunity index. It is believed that the
study has a potential for informing development planning at the village level by making use of knowledge
generated about various indices. The study needs to be broadened by including information about other
resources and opportunities like tourist resorts, pilgrimage centers, market hubs, water resources etc.

Keywords: Opportunity mapping, Resource Index, Socioeconomic index, Road Index, opportunity index, multi-
criteria analysis, Socioeconomic analysis, development planning

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622664045.
E-mail Address: ainussaba40@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

924
Recession of Glaciers in the Chenab Basin Using Remote
Sensing Data (1989-2014)
Tajamul Islam£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo
Deparement of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1010

Abstract

Glaciers are dynamic constantly exchanging mass with hydrological system, and establish a link between
climate, water availability and societal needs. The Himalayan cryophere possess one of the largest
resources of snow and ice outside the polar regions. The enhanced melting of glacier melt in the Himalayas
is a worry to scientific community, policy makers and society. There are still gaps in our knowledge about
the status and behavior of the Himalayan Cryosphere. Regular monitoring of Himalayan glaciers is
therefore important for improving our knowledge of glacier response to climate change. Remote sensing
techniques are routinely used to monitor cryosphere in the remote mountainous Himalaya. We
investigated the glacier fluctuations in Chenab basin in the upper Indus basin, using a time series of
LANDSAT satellite data at decadal level using the data from 1989-2014. Care was taken to select only the
images that have almost no snow- and cloud-cover. Time series satellite images along with ASTER digital
elevation model were used to map the glacier boundaries and to derive the morphometric parameters of
the glaciers. An inventory of 113 glaciers having an area of 919.59 Km2 in 1989, 913.67 Km 2 in 2000 and
919.59 Km2 in 2014 was prepared from 1989 to 2014. The study revealed that the glacier area of these 113
glaciers in the basin has shrunk by 13.89 km2 from 1989 to 2014. Category-wise analysis of the glacier
recession revealed that the glacier area change is not only a function of climate and topography but is
influenced by the glacier size also. The glaciers were categorized into five categories. The maximum
number of glaciers were found to be in >=2

Keywords: Glacier recession, remote sensing, Cryosphere, Himalaya, Glacier terminus

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8825022432.
E-mail Address: tajamul749@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

925
Satellite Observed Glacier Dynamics Across Different
Mountain Ranges in Kashmir Himalaya
Tariq Abdullah£, Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, Irfan Rashid
Deparement of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1092

Abstract

The recent reports of enhanced glacier melt in Himalayas have been a cause of concern among the
scientific community because of its far-reaching consequences. The glacier changes, vary across different
climatic and topographic regimes in the region as evident from the results shown in the present study. 65
glaciers over different mountain ranges in Kashmir Himalaya were investigated to understand the
differential glacier dynamics. Two-date satellite images (1990 and 2014) along with digital elevation model
was used to map the glacier boundaries, ELA and few other parameters. IceSAT altimetry data, HMA DEM
and SRTM were used to estimate changes in glacier thickness, while as, temperatures over different
mountain ranges were derived from MODIS LST data. The study indicated loud and clear impact of
climatic and topographic regimes on the glacier dynamics. The study also highlighted the influence of
glacier size on glacier changes. The investigation revealed the highest glacier recession of ~-8 % in the
Greater Himalaya range during the observation period while as the least recession (~-1.5 %) was observed
in the Karakoram range. The winter land surface temperatures were -5.4 o C and -15.5 o C observed for
the Greater Himalaya and Karakoram ranges respectively. The glaciers in the Ladakh range with an
average winter temperature of -11.5o C have receded -5.65 % followed by Zanaskar range where the glaciers
suffered a loss of -5.42 % in area from 1990-2014. Similar changes were observed in other parameters
including ELA and volume. The control of topographic parameters on the glacier dynamics is evidenced
by the fact that the glaciers at altitudes below 4500m have witnessed higher recession (8.25%) while as
least recession (2.27%) was observed for the glaciers at altitudes above 6000m.The study also indicated
that the glacier changes vary as a function of glacier size. Glaciers with area 30 sq. km) showing a recession
of 6.18% and 2.17% respectively from 1990 to 2014. Thickness changes based on IceSat, HMA DEM and
SRTM revealed that the glaciers in the Greater Himalaya have lost mass at the rate of -1.18 m/yr, while as
the least glacier thickness changes (0.59 m/yr) were observed in the Karakoram range.

Keywords: Glacier dynamics, ELA, Glacier recession, Himalaya

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797041211.
E-mail Address: ibni.abdullah54@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

926
Geo-Tagging of Assets and Electronic Fund Management System (e-
FMS) Vis-à-vis Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) – Application, Achievements and
Constraints (A Study of Central and North Indian State)
Mohd Ashraf Mir£
Research Scholar, SOS In Political Science & Public Administration , Jiwaji University Sc: MLB College of Excellence , Gwalior, MP, India

JKSC-1604

Abstract

Three Million (30 Lakh) assets are created annually across the country under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS). Creation of assets at such a mammoth scale compels for embarkment of a systematic procedure
to create a dat Three Million (30 Lakh) assets are created annually across the country under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS). Creation of assets at such a mammoth scale compels for embarkment of a systematic
procedure to create a data base of the assets under the scheme hence Geo-tagging. The concept was conceived only after 24th June
2016 when a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Department of Rural Development (DoRD), Ministry of
Rural Development (MoRD) and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), Hyderabad
for geo-tagging of assets created under the scheme. The prime objective of Geo-tagging is to keep track of assets under the scheme
and check leakage at different levels which in turn enhance transparency and accountability on one hand and on the other hand
created a Geographical Information System (GIS) solution to visualise and analyse the data of assets created under MGNREGS. The
data under geo-tagging usually consists of coordinates like latitudes, longitude, distance and place name. At the national level till
21st April 2017 10 million assets stand geo-tagged by linking ISRO – “Bhuvan” (Software Platform) with “NREGA Soft” interface
operated under DoRD by National Informatics Centre (NIC). Morever under the scheme all payments to the workers are to be
credited in to the accounts (bank/post office) of the workers through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) mechanism to ensure timely
payment of wages and ensure transparency and accountability through technological intervention viz Electronic Fund Management
System (e-FMS).Due to poor connectivity in the rural areas both e-FMS and Geo-tagging faces serious challenges which in turn
effects the delivery mechanism although due to application of e-FMS and Geo-tagging the delivery system has improved to a great
extent. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), World’s largest employment generation
programme is the first programme of its nature, magnitude and scale that views entitlements not as a limited benefit to be dispensed
with, but as a matter of right for every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The scheme infuses
the possibilities for local planning and durable asset creation by influx of funds for works in every panchayat on labour demand.
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) enacted on September 7, 2005, enforced from February 2006 with universal
coverage of all districts across the country from April 2008.

Keywords: Transparency, Assets, Geo-Taggging, NREGA Soft, Bhuvan, e-FMS

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419027485.
E-mail Address: mashrafrd@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

927
Geography
930
Problems of Agriculture Sector in Kandi Areas of Kashmir
Valley
Tanveera Ahad Naik£
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-934

Abstract

Agriculture and the rural economy continue to be the primary source of income and employment for the
majority of India’s population. The great majorities of those who live in upland areas are poor and depend
on agriculture for food and income. It contributes to poverty reduction. In the present study area due to
prevalence of undulating slope, low soil fertility, poor economy and use of traditional implements and
farm practices the output or agricultural yield from the fields is low which enhances poverty in Kandi
areas of Kashmir valley leading them to a vicious circle of poverty. In addition to above mentioned
challenges people also suffer from small and fragmented land holding which results in management
difficulties and ultimately less production. The average land holding size in Kandi areas is 7.27 kanals
which is far below than the average of whole Jammu and Kashmir State (15.2 kanals as per 2014 - 15
Statistical Digest of the state). Due to location of these areas near mountains various climatic extremes
and other problems are faced by people viz., invasion from wild animals, poor irrigation, harsh climate,
less yield etc. Hence these areas are bad pockets of the valley, where the standard of living is very poor
and people have to face a lot of problems for their development.

Keywords: Undulating, Kandi, Challenges, Fragmented.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797155698.
E-mail Address: tanveeraahad@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

931
Climate Change Adaptation in Lidder Valley using Local
Knowledge an Overview
Malik Munazah£, Maheen, Ishfaq Rasool Gujree
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1218

Abstract

Climate change adaptation which includes initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability of human
and natural systems facing actual or expected effects of climate change. The objective of the study was to
understand the climate change adaptation in Lidder valley, located in the western Himalayas. A Requisite
Peripheral Appraisal (RPA) was generated for Lidder Valley, and a village based field survey was carried
out on 82 Villages, 266 samples were collected through random sampling process. In order to get the
better understanding of the whole process Statistical and GIS based analysis were performed and the data
was also categorized on the basis of socioeconomic parameters i.e., Education and Gender. Regarding
climate change in Lidder valley it was found that there were maximum positive responses for Changing
climate, increase in disasters, decrease in discharge and Shrinkage of glaciers. Conversion of Paddy land
into horticulture was the main issue, regarding which 223 samples agreed to having converted their lands
on the grounds of economic benefits (186 samples). Low production in agriculture sector, compared to
horticulture sector was also interpreted from the survey. Water problems like decreasing streamflow,
Lesser Availability, Inaccessibility and water pollution were also found in the region and 90% responses
agreed to decrease in water supply in their villages. Land system changes were also analyzed in Lidder
valley, from satellite images Landsat MSS (1972), Landsat TM (2005), Landsat ETM (2013). It was found
that area under horticulture and built up had increased by 96.00 km 2 and 14.64 km2 respectively and
agriculture had decreased by 85.08 km2 from 1972 to 2013. Climate change was found as prominent
phenomenon for land system changes in Lidder valley which made people to adopt various adaptation
strategies out of which converting paddy land into horticulture was major step. Main reasons for
conversion were economic benefits and decrease in Stream flow, since water requirement for Paddy crop
is more, compared to Horticulture. Understanding the consequences of adaptation strategies is a matter
of concern in Lidder valley since, there is high rate of conversion of Agriculture land into Horticulture as
well as built up.

Keywords: Climate Change Adaptation, Local Knowledge, Lidder, RPA.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006333241.
E-mail Address: munazahmaheen@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

932
Evaluation of Human Health Status in Srinagar City, Jammu
and Kashmir State
Arshad Ahmad Lone£, Mushtaq A. Kumar, G. M. Rather, M. Sultan Bhat
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1395

Abstract

The Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO, 1948) defines Health as "A state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being not merely the absence of disease". Living in a large urban area can
impact on our health and sense of wellbeing through access to health services and recreational
opportunities. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the
advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle
choices of the individual and society. Enhancement of health status of the people is one of the major
objectives of the process of development. According to the World Health Organization, the main
determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the
person's individual characteristics and behaviors (WHO, 2003). In the present study both primary and
secondary sources of data have been used to assess the status of human health in Srinagar city by analyzing
ten variables. Composite score method was used for the evaluation of human health status in the study
area. This study will be helpful for the planners to improve the status of Health in the Srinagar city.

Keywords: Human Health, Morbidity, Water quality, Sewerage & Sanitation, Composite score.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596323805.
E-mail Address: arshadku15@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

933
A Geographical Study of Changing Land use/Land cover
Profile of Lidder River Basin, Kashmir Himalaya
S. Shakeel£, T. A. Kanth
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1621

Abstract

The Lidder river basin is a first major right bank tributary of river Jhelum having a geographical area of
1134 Sq. Km. In this paper attempt has been made to highlight the population growth and changing land
use profile for the year 1974-75 and 2001. Growing population is one of the main factors for changing land
use pattern and is the main threat to the land. The present study reveals that there has been considerable
change in the land use/land cover status resulting barren and uncultivable waste continues to expand,
while decrease in forest area and fallow land areas. Land use in the study area reflects complex inter
correlation between natural, biotic and socio-economic factors with the passage of time.

Keywords: Liddar, River basin, Landuse, Landcover, Himalayas.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: shakeelsyed80@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

934
Geographic Dimensions of Non-Communicable Diseases in
Kashmir Valley-A District Level Analysis
Bashir Ahmad Lone£, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-781

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to examine the Spatio-temporal variability of non-communicable diseases
across different districts of Kashmir valley. For the sake of delineation of diseases intensity regions of the
study area, the disease composite index has been applied. The study envisaged inter-district variations
with Anantnag, Baramulla and Srinagar districts falls under high rate of disease intensity, however,
Bandipora, Kupwara, Budgam, Ganderbal and Shopian fall under the low rate of disease intensity.

Keywords: Kashmir valley, Diseases, Composite Index, Disease Intensity Regions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622508023.
E-mail Address: bashir.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

935
Health Related Issues of Horticulturist to the Exposure of
Pesticides in Kashmir Valley-India
Manzoor Ahmad Wani£, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Sringar, India
JKSC-752

Abstract

The atmosphere of the Valley of Kashmir is ideal for various horticulture activities, which is a major
economic source for the people of the valley. The fruit production area spreads over around a 0.2 million
hectares of land, of which 0.11 million hectares (> 50%) are under apple production, involving about 40%
population of the Kashmir valley directly as orchard-farmers. The present study targeted mainly the
agricultural community of the different districts in the Kashmir Valley. The primary exposure relative to
pesticides was ascertained based on whether farmers were spraying pesticides or not. The analysis of the
study revealed that among a total of about 1214 farmers surveyed across the Kashmir valley, the majority
of them were from Baramulla (21.83%), Shopian (17.13%) and Anantnag (14.09%) while as on the other
hand, the lowest were from the areas of Srinagar (3.46%) and Budgam (5.35 %), irrespective of age and
gender. Out of the total sprayers (852), the majority (840) was from men category mainly in the age group
of 31- 40 years; however, the least male sprayers were from > 60 age group. In case of females, the highest
number of sprayers was found between the age group of 41-50 while as the negligible found in > 60 age
category. The study also revealed that most of the farmers in the study were using ill traditional methods
while spraying which puts them on high risk to the pesticides exposure resulting serious health hazards
which were witnessed during field survey i.e. signs, symptoms and relative risk. Impact of pesticides was
significantly associated with excessive sweating, burning/stinging/itching eyes and dry/sore throat.

Keywords: Pesticides, Sprayers, Exposure, Attitude, Human Diseases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622470003.
E-mail Address: manzoorwani8559@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

936
High Altitude Drinking Water Quality and Disease Incidence
among Native Community of North Kashmir Himalayas
Sameer Fayaz£, G. M. Rather, M. Sultan Bhat
Department of Geography, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-233

Abstract

Though the Kashmir valley has abundant water resources but the quality of water has deteriorated over
the period of time mainly because of unplanned anthropogenic interventions. Adverse impacts of
anthropogenic activities are not confined only to the urban centers; it has now spread to rural areas
located at higher altitudes. The Present study attempted to analyze the impact of drinking water quality
on the incidence of disease among the native community called Gujjar’s in North Kashmir Himalayas.
Gujjar’s are native, semi-nomadic and ethnic group inhabited in mountainous regions of Jammu and
Kashmir. The analysis was carried out along five altitudinal zones with 1600 meter as base contour.
Drinking Water parameters (physico-chemical and biological) were analyzed and finally water quality
index was calculated. These values were compared with international standards prescribed by different
agencies (BIS, 2009 and WHO, 2011). Water quality index was calculated which revealed that in altitudinal
zone B, C and D, has poor water quality (51-75). Water borne Diseases like Diarrhea, Typhoid and jaundice
were found among native community in north Kashmir Himalayas. These diseases are due to poor water
quality and bad residential environment especially in zone D. Variation has been observed in the pattern
of incidence of water borne disease along the different altitude zones.

Keywords: Drinking water Quality, Gujjars, Water quality Index, water born diseases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797006659.
E-mail Address: bhatsameer3384@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

937
Hydrological Characterization of Pohru Watershed to
changing Land Use/ Land Cover using SWAT Model
Abaas Ahmad£1, Harmeet Singh2, Parvaiz Ahmad3, Parvaiz Ahmad Bhat4
1,2,3
Department of Geography and regional development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
4
Department Of Geography, University Of Patna. Bihar
JKSC-579

Abstract

The land use/land cover change and rainfall have a significant influence on the hydrological response of
the river basins. The land use/land cover analysis reveals that there is considerable increase in the built
up area and Horticulture class of land use at the expense of forest and other dense vegetation. Thus it is
quite visible that the increasing pattern of peak flow and the decreasing pattern of low flow values are the
result of land use/land cover change. Change in LU/LC influences the runoff characteristics of a drainage
basin to a large extent, which in turn, affects the surface and groundwater availability of the area, and
hence leads to further change in LC/LU. The hydrological model SWAT has been used in this study of
Pohru watershed in Kashmir valley, to determine the impact of land use land cover on runoff for
sustainable use. Digital Elevation Model, Land use land cover map, spatial soil data, sediment load and
meteorological data for the year 1985 to 2015 were the main inputs into the Soil Water Assessment Tool
(SWAT 2012) model for calibration and validation. The effects of changes in LU/LC have an impact on the
stream flow of the watershed by changing the magnitude of surface runoff and ground water flow. The
changes in land use land cover were associated with growing population demand of wood for fire,
construction materials, household furniture, and expansion of farming and grazing land.

Keywords: Landuse/land cover change, Run-off, SWAT, Watershed, trend analysis.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596458976.
E-mail Address: geoabaas@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

938
Dynamics of its Rural- Urban Fringe: A Case Study of Jammu
City
Rakesh Jasrotia£1, Sarvjeet Singh2, Tajinder Kour3
1
Department of Geography, GWC, Kathua
2
Department of Geography, GDC, Doda
3
Department of Geography, Govt. PG College for Women, Gandhinagar, Jammu
JKSC-1556

Abstract

Jammu city is the fast growing city experiencing heavy influx of population in recent years. The city with
the rapid growth in service sector, as a center of higher learning and with other facilities has attracted
people from surrounding villages and urban centers. As the city of Jammu is finding it difficult to
accommodate the excessively growing population through both natural increase and migration, which
has serious implications as the services are not able to keep up with the pressure of population. The
growing city has literally expanded into the surrounding country side leading to changes in land use
pattern, morphological characters and social and economic lives of the rural flocks living in the peripheral
areas of the city. The information was gathered from both the primary and secondary sources. For the
collection of primary data random sampling was done. Five villages were chosen from each category of
fringe that is the primary or inner fringe, secondary or outer fringe. Household survey from each sample
village was carried on by using the questionnaire. In all two hundred households were interviewed taking
forty households from each village. The secondary data have been collected from various agencies such
government offices, Jammu Municipal Corporation, Jammu Development Authority. The census data and
other records are used to get a more general picture of the population profile and employment structure.
Thus, the main purpose of the study is to analyze the process of structural and urban land use
transformation, impact of changing population densities, sec ratio, literacy rate, occupational structures
and transport services in the rural- urban fringe

Keywords: Population, Growth, Landuse, Fringe, Rural and Urban

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469000075.
E-mail Address: rakeshjass75@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

939
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Multi-Criteria
Evaluation Techniques in North Kashmir Himalayas
Irshad Ahmad Bhat£, Pervez Ahmed
Department of Geography And Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1542

Abstract

Landslides are one of the major natural hazards that are experienced in hilly terrains all over the world
and Himalayas are no exception to this. Though primarily attributed to natural causes, this area
experiences several landslides each year, resulting in casualties, property damage, and economic loss.
Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to produce the Landslide Susceptibility Maps for North
Kashmir Himalayas so that appropriate landslide disaster risk reduction strategies can be developed. In
the present study, Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria decision analysis method
i.e. the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) were applied to
scientifically assess the landslide susceptible areas in North Kashmir Himalayas. Six different thematic
layers or landslide causative factors (Slope, Drainage, Land use, Lithology, Soil and Aspect were
considered. Then, five different landslide susceptible scenarios were generated based on the weighted
overlay techniques. The results reveal that 40% of the area falls under high landslide susceptibility class
which needs immediate engineering and agronomic measures. The multi-criteria evaluation MCE
techniques presented in this study could be utilized for other mountainous regions in general and
Himalayas in particular.

Keywords: Landslide Susceptibility Mapping (LSM), Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), Artificial Hierarchy Process
(AHP), Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), Geographic Information System (GIS) .

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697715114.
E-mail Address: bhatirshada1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

940
Levels of Urbanization among the Urban Centers of Kashmir
Valley using Composite Index
Zoya Kulsum Naqashbandi£, Mohammad Sultan Bhat.
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1374

Abstract

Kashmir valley located in the heart of huge mountain ranges has experienced urbanization over time and
space and is presently home to 46 urban centers located in different parts of the region. Out of the total
46 urban centres, 12 sample urban centers were selected for the study. The present study aims to measure
the levels of urbanization of the urban centres in Kashmir Valley using an index of urbanization because
no single variable alone is sufficient enough to portray the overall scenario of development of the urban
centres. Thus, a simple weighted average composite index of selected variables was constructed to
understand the complex characteristics of urbanization in the region. The variables were chosen from the
environmental and social features of the urban centres in Kashmir Valley and fall under three major
groups, namely demographic variables, physical variables and landscape metrics. A total of ten variables
were chosen for the study. The demographic variables (density of population, density of households, non-
agricultural workers) were calculated through analysis of census data, and the physical and landscape
metrics from the field visits and the land use/land cover maps of the urban centres. Based on the
composite scores, the urban centres were grouped into three categories: High, Medium and Low Levels of
Urbanization. The inferences of the analysis could be used as inputs for the spatial planning process and
for balanced urban development.

Keywords: Urbanization, Urbanization Index, Kashmir Valley, Urban Planning.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9018820004.
E-mail Address: zoyanaqshbandi@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

941
Morbidity Pattern of Cardiovascular Diseases in Kashmir
Valley-Inter District Analysis.
Shabnum Rashid Mir£, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1283

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. At global level it accounts 80 percent deaths
in males and 75 percent in females. Data on morbidity and mortality pattern of cardiovascular diseases
displays a substantial intra & inter regional variation. In developing countries like India, cardiovascular
diseases are epidemic in urban locations which is due to the fact that urban areas face the problems like
sedentary lifestyle, obesity, hypertension etc. It is also rapidly increasing in rural areas because of the
accelerated epidemiological transition by demographic shifts. The present study was aimed to analyzed
the inter district analysis of cardiovascular diseases among the residents of district Bandipora & Srinagar
which possess an extreme disparity in terms of both socio-economic and health infrastructures. The study
revealed high portion of cardiovascular diseases in Srinagar district especially in urban fringe as compared
to district Bandipora which resemblance the quality of rural traditional fringe. The occupation structure,
upgraded life style, food habits are the major causes of spatial variation cardiovascular diseases in rural-
urban set up.

Keywords: Food habits, Life style, Rural-Urban fringe , Cardiovascular diseases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7889835317.
E-mail Address: shabnumrashid370@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

942
Productive and Economic Traits of Different Sheep Breeds: A
Geographical Analysis in Pulwama District of Jammu &
Kashmir State
Rafiq Hussain Andrabi£, Harmeet Singh, Pervez Ahmed
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-663

Abstract

The study was conducted to assess the existing productive and economic traits of indigenous and
crossbred sheep like Kashmiri Merino and Corriedale in terms of age at first lambing, birth weight of lamb,
daily live weight gains of lamb, weaning weight, body weight at 1 year, weight at 2 year and fleece weight
in different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Pulwama district as these aspects have a profound influence
on the efficiency of mutton and wool production. For this study, a total of 75 sheep of different breeds
such as local, Kashmir Merino and Corriedale were selected randomly from three agro-ecological zones
of Pulwama district i.e., Flood plain, Karewas and Kandi region. Significant difference was found within
age at first lambing, birth weight of lamb, daily live weight gains of lamb, weaning period, body weight at
1st year, weight at 2nd year and fleece weight.

Keywords: Weaning weight, Economic Efficiency, Agro-ecological zones, Lambing, Fleece Weaning weight
Hybridization.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9858702020.
E-mail Address: andrabigeo@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

943
Drinking Water Quality in Central Kashmir: A Geo-Medical
Analysis
Mohmad Imran Ganaie£, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-771

Abstract

The present study was carried out to assess the quality of water and its impact on human health drawn
from River Sind. Various parameters were taking into consideration like physical and chemical at different
sites to find the altered range against the desirable limits of WHO and BIS standards. After analyzing the
water quality tests, high alteration was found at few sites especially away from the source of river mainly
due to high anthropogenic activities which resulted in the high risk of various kinds of waterborne disease
among the people resulting in diseases such as acute diarrheal, gastro enteric, enteric fever and dysentery
revealed by field survey and secondary source of data collected from concerned health institutions. The
areas like Duderhama (Site 4) showing high prevalence 31.37 percent of waterborne diseases followed by
Kangan (Site 3) 23.43 percent.

Keywords: Water sources, Water quality, Anthropogenic activities, Waterborne diseases.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596466330.
E-mail Address: ganaieimran@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

944
Spatial Distribution and Dynamics of Livestock Development
in Western Himalayas of South Kashmir
Tariq Ahmad Lone£, Harmeet Singh Singh, Javeed Ahmad Rather
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-662

Abstract

Livestock husbandry is an important agriculture sub-sector of Indian economy. It significantly contributes

to the agricultural GDP in India. Livestock farming, however, has been appearing one of the most
important value-added farming system adopted in the South Kashmir. Livestock products also play a main
role in export earnings. Livestock sector has been renowned as a back bone of Indian agriculture. Apart
from the supply of consumable milk, meat, eggs as a protein source for ever increasing human population,
animals not only been contributing to concrete the animal based industries by producing hide, fiber, wool,
bone meal, blood meal, but also been boosting traditional art and crafts by providing feathers, hooves,
horns etc. and many other things. The present study of spatial distribution of growth and development of
South Kashmir 2007 to 2012. The study shows the population of crossbreed cattle and crossbreed sheep
are more important from last two livestock census. The other species like Buffalo, Goat, Horses Ponies
Mules and Donkeys show decreasing growth rate.

Keywords: Livestock sector,fibre,Spatial Distribution,Economy, Growth and Development.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419458650.
E-mail Address: geotariq2192@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

945
Variation of Body Mass Index (BMI) among School Children
(7-14 years) in Gujar Community of Greater Kashmir
Himalayas
G. M Rather£
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-265

Abstract

As physical dimensions of body are influenced by nutrition particularly during the rapidly growing period
of early childhood and thus provide information regarding malnutrition. Weight for age, height for age
and body mass index are the best parameters. The present study was carried out on Spatial variation of
Body Mass Index (BMI) among School children (7-14 years) in Gujar Community of Greater Kashmir
Himalayas.
The weight and height of sample children was measured and BMI was calculated from weight and height
for all sample children for all altitudinal zones of Kashmir Himalayas. WHO Classification of 2007 was
employed for classifying children in Grades of malnutrition on the basis of BMI. Study reveals that average
weight, average height and average BMI were less than ICMR standards with good contrast among male
and female children with a declining trend with altitude. The main findings depict mean height, weight,
and BMI were 123.3 cm, 22.105kg, and 15.96 kg/m2 for male and 119.6 cm, 21.270 kg, and 14.53 kg/m2 for
female respectively. Near about 16.40% male and 16.96% female were having BMI.

Keywords: Malnutrition, Under nutrition, ICMR Standards, Gujar community, Great Kashmir Himalayas.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797108449.
E-mail Address: gmrather@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

946
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Soil Erosion in Upper
Catchment of Wular Lake, Jammu & Kashmir
Fayma Mushtaq£1, Mili Ghosh Nee Lala2, Abdul Wadood3
1
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
2
Department of Remote Sensing, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
3
Department of Agricultural Physics & Meteorology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, India
JKSC-453

Abstract

Wular lake one of the largest freshwater lake in Asia is losing its water holding capacity due to the soil
erosion and consequent sedimentation. The Spatio-temporal assessment of soil erosion has been carried
out with the aim to identify the soil erosion risks in the upper catchment of Wular lake in order to assess
the relationship between soil erosion and deterioration of lake ecosystem. The annual soil loss for the year
2004 and 2013 have been assessed using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model in the
Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The predicted amount of soil erosion in the year 2004
varied from 0 to 14200.22 t ha-1 year-1, with mean annual rate of soil loss of 140.31 t ha-1 year-1. The amount
of soil erosion increased in the year 2013 and varied from 0 to 18078.18 t ha-1 year-1, with a mean annual
soil loss rate of 942.52 t ha-1 year-1. It has been observed that the area under the moderate to extreme risk
of soil erosion increased tremendously from the 1.72% (2004) to 14.82 % (2013) due to the increased human
activities like unplanned urbanization and deforestation. The highest percentage of soil loss was found in
the barren land due to the deforestation and decrease in snow covered area. The study indicates that the
slope and the change in the land use/ land cover results in highest rate of erosion, and consequent
sedimentation of Wular lake.

Keywords: Erin watershed, Geospatial technique, Madhumati watershed, RUSLE, Soil erosion, Wular Lake.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419611269.
E-mail Address: fayma.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar,

947
Vulnerability Assessment of Residential Housing in Srinagar
City
Shanawaz Ahmad Baba
Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-928

Abstract

Vulnerability assessment is defined as systematic examination to identify persons/ households/

neighborhoods that may be at risk and determination of appropriate procedure which can be
implemented to reduce risk. Vulnerability assessment to neighborhood problems helps to determine the
probability and magnitude of risks to human health from its exposure. Among the factors that have
contributed to the rise of vulnerability is the unprecedented growth and spread of urban settlements or
development of low income residential neighborhoods in high risk or hazardous sites such as along the
national highways, flood prone areas, foothills and dumping sites which lacks in adequate drainage, water
and sanitation facilities, dilapidated housing conditions etc. Water and sanitation, inadequate drainage
and water logging, accumulation of waste, dilapidated housing conditions etc. are important indicators
that have contributed to vulnerability. The present paper deals with assessing the vulnerability of 9
different neighborhoods taking Srinagar City as the study area. After assessing the different environmental
problems in the 9 neighbourhoods of Srinagar city, an attempt has been made to identify deprived and
less deprived neighbourhoods and to assess whether the deprived neighbourhoods face more problems
than their counterparts, the less deprived and prosperous neighbourhoods. The study is based on primary
sources of data collected with the help of well-structured questionnaire/schedule from 1500 households
of 9 different neighbourhoods during 2013.

Keywords: Livestock sector fibre, Spatial Distribution, Economy, Growth and Developm Vulnerability.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006260156.
E-mail Address: babashahnawaz99@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

948
Algorithm for Mapping of Land Surface Temperature and
Vegetation Cover Using LANDSAT 8 Satellite Data
Javaid Ahmad Tali£, Asima Nusrath
Department of Studies in Geography, University of Mysore, India.
JKSC-1004

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the land Surface Temperature (LST) and
Vegetation Cover (VC), of Srinagar City using satellite data. The Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)
thermal bands (band 10 and 11) were used for calculating the (LST) values. The red band and near-infrared
(NIR) (bands 4 and 5 respectively) were used for estimating the vegetation cover. Different methods and
formulas were used in the algorithm that successfully retrieves the land surface temperature to help us to
study the thermal environment of the ground surface. The results of the study show the inverse
relationship between vegetation cover (VC) and land surface temperature (LST). The transect profiles
have been created from CBD of the city (Lal Chowk) towards the North, South, South-East, and North-
West on city’s temperature raster and NDVI raster. Furthermore, the city has been divided into four buffer
zones (4, 8, 12 and 16 Km) from the city center to monitor the change in LST and VC towards the periphery.
Both the transit profile and buffer analysis revealed that that the increase of vegetation cover (VC)
coincides with a decrease of (LST) and a significant correlation is approved between the (VC) and the
(LST).

Keywords: Vegetation Cover, Land Surface Temperature, Buffer, CBD, Transect Profile.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9697757832.
E-mail Address: javaid@geography.uni-mysore.ac.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

949
Management and
Information Science
952
Sustainable Development Through Green Marketing: A
Review
Iqbal Ahmed Hakim£, Shabina Shafi Malik, Shazia Bashir Qureshi
Department of Management Studies, KU, India.
JKSC-874

Abstract

In the modern times of globalization, the biggest need of the time is to maintain the customer base as well
as keep the natural environment safe. Consumers are conscious of the current environmental issues, such
as global warming and the effect of environmental pollution. Because of the challenges posed by various
environmental issues nations and people these days have a high concern for environmental protection
and a new concept of business has emerged as the Geo-Green Business. The industries which claim that
their products are environmentally safe as termed as geo-green Industries, the marketing philosophy that
they follow is termed as geo-green marketing and the products that they produce are termed as geo-green
products. Thus, green marketing has emerged as an important concept in various parts of both developed
as well as developing nations and is seen as a prime strategy for facilitating the sustainable development.
USA National Policy Act (1969) has defined sustainability as: To create and maintain conditions under
which humans and nature can exist in perfect harmony, and fulfill social, economic and other
requirements of present and future generations. Sustainable development is that development which
focuses at sustainable consumption and sustainable economic growth and which strives to protect the
environment. The paper is an attempt to highlight the implications of green business practices on the
consumer buying practices in view of their concern or no concern for the fragile ecological environment.
It shall highlight the prevailing scenario of such practices world-over in general and India in particular.
The paper examines the impact of green marketing on the sustainable development of the nation states
from the perspective of business. In view of the review made in the paper, recommendations are made
and policy implications have been drawn regarding the cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects of green
marketing and green business practices from the perspective of sustainable development.

Keywords: Green Marketing, Sustainable Development, Societal Marketing, Green Philosophy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006129088.
E-mail Address: prof.iqbal.hakim@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

953
Open Data for Open Science: Challenges and Prospects
Adil Ahmad£1, Rafaqat Zehra2
1
University of Kashmir, India.
2
Mewar University of Rajasthan, India.
JKSC-1487

Abstract

The open access movement has gained a lot of momentum especially with the implementation of open
access policies from the project funding agencies. open access was earlier restricted to open articles, and
open journals but now the open access in science is moving a next step in making science open and
transparent. open data is the next milestone to be achieved in promoting open access and open research.
As modern research becomes complex and data driven, access to research data is critical in advancing
scientific knowledge. In a publish or perish culture, where journal citations are the primary currency and
other valuable research outputs are not considered in research impact. Publication of open data about
failed experiments or unconcluded experiments will help in reducing costs for data duplication. Open
data provides ample opportunities to researchers to use and build new knowledge upon the existing data
by using it in novel ways. Data provides the evidence for the published body of scientific knowledge the
foundation for all the scientific progress the more data is made openly available in a useful manner, the
greater the level of transparency and reproducibility hence the more efficient scientific process becomes
for the society. In this context the paper will be an attempt to explore the challenges and prospects to the
application of open data in science. The paper will also highlight open data initiatives in science and
technology, thus will be an encouragement towards open scientific knowledge.

Keywords: Open Data, Scientific communication, Open access, Data sets.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9596043625.
E-mail Address: sofiadil786@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

954
Enterprise Information Technology Governance: Insights
from India Listed Companies
Showkat Ahmad Busru1£, Peerzadah Mohammad Ovies2, Adil Ganie3
1
Department of Commerce Pondicherry University , India
2
Department of Banking Technology, Pondicherry University,India.
3
Department of Computer Science, Pondicherry University,India.
JKSC-1561

Abstract

Enterprise governance of information technology is a reasonably new-fangled concept in literature as a

subset of corporate governance, and is acquiring attention from academicians and practitioner around
the globe. Enterprise governance of IT addresses the definition and implementation of processes,
structures and relational mechanism that enable both business and IT people to execute their
responsibilities in conformity with protection and creation of value from IT-enabled business investments
and activities. In Indian context there has been little discussion of the potential role of information
technology as a mechanism to develop good corporate governance standards. The main purpose of the
study is to explore prominence of IT governance and to analyze effectiveness of the widely used generic
frameworks in Indian context and to elucidate major challenges confronting the deployment of IT
governance and lastly to provide plausible suggestions which may aid in prosperous and sustainable
deployment and development of IT governance in India.

Keywords: Information Technology, Corporate Governance, Sustainable Development.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9489342784.
E-mail Address: showkatmanzoor@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

955
Green Technology: An Emerging Perspective for Sustainable
Development
Owais Ahmed£
School of Agricultural Economics & Horti-business Management, SKUAST-Kashmir
JKSC-288

Abstract

Green Technology a recent breakthrough in the world of technology that has changed the dynamics of
business world by formulating new tenets of managing operations. Green technologies play an important
role in the growth and development of a nation. Green technology, also known as clean technology, refers
to the development and extension of processes, practices, and applications that improve or replace the
existing technologies facilitating society to meet their own needs while substantially decreasing the
impact of human on the planet, and reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In recent
years’ tremendous research efforts have been devoted toward finding innovative and effective ways to
develop important technologies, while ensuring that the processes are green. The drive toward a Green or
sustainable process arises from several aspects not only scientifically, but rather due to the need to
establish a better quality of life, improves human health, and prevents damage to the environment. The
present study would throw some light on different perspectives of green technology in sectors like
manufacturing, services, marketing, operations, energy, agriculture, waste management and economics
and contains recent advancements made towards sustainable development in the field of Green
marketing, bioenergy, nanotechnology, green chemistry, degraded land reclamation. Also, the study
would offer useful insights for a large and broad readership, including practitioners, researchers,
scientists, academicians and readers from diverse backgrounds across various fields such as management,
nanotechnology, chemistry, agriculture, environmental science, water engineering, waste management
and energy and practitioners in the area of green technologies.

Keywords: Green Technology, Sustainable Development, Emerging Perspective.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797747771.
E-mail Address: salsaabiill@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

956
Measuring the Scientific Output of University of Kashmir
Sumeer Gul1, Tariq Ahmad Shah2, Rosy Jan3, Rabia Shah4, Sheikh Shueb5, Huma
Shafiq6

University Of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
1,3,4,5,6
2
Central University Of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1578

Abstract

Purpose: The characteristics of science as well as scientific research profile academic circles and help in
benchmarking various platforms on several dimensions. Research performance of an institution helps to
visualise its research productivity and performance and gain a better understanding of the research trends
going on in it. It helps to recognize the productivity ratio, collaboration trends, publishing preferences
and impact of research on the scholarly community. The current study tries to explore the research
productivity trends in University of Kashmir. Methodology Data is gathered from Clarivate Analytics’
indexing and abstracting database, Web of Science for a period of 18 years (2000-2017). Findings: An
evident growth is witnessed in the research productivity from University of Kashmir with the graph
increasing from 2000. In terms of impact, 68.18% of the documents have been cited with Category
Normalized Citation Impact amounting to 0.66. In terms of open access content, only 145 are in that
domain. University of Kashmir has majority of its in collaboration with Council of Scientific & Industrial
Research (CSIR) India (159) followed by Aligarh Muslim University (58) and Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (IIIM), Jammu (75). However, collaboration with international organizations is also evident as
authors from UOK have also collaborated with Helmholtz Association, German Cancer Research Center,
University of Tennessee System, University of Tennessee Knoxville, and Chinese Academy of Sciences
among the top ten collaborators. Physical Chemistry, Plant Sciences and Food Science & Technology are
the top 3 contributing disciplines. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Physical Review C and Journal of
Colloid and Interface Science are the journals which have been cited mostly by the authors of UOK. In
terms of funded research majority of the works (119) have been funded by Council of Scientific & Industrial
Research (CSIR) of India followed by University Grants Commission, India, and Government of India.

Keywords: Research productivity; Web of Science; Scientific Impact.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803050076.
E-mail Address: sumeersuheel@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

957
Structural Equation Modelling of Emotional Maturity and
Ways of Coping among Health Professionals from J&K State
Mohd Muzamil£, Shawkat Ahmad Shah
Department Of Psychology , University Of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1075

Abstract

Health Professionals play a critical role in improving access and quality health care for the population
they serve. In order to deliver their services effectively & cater to the interests of patients, they need to be
emotionally mature enough, apart from having the ability to cope effectively with the various stressors. In
this backdrop, the present study focused on the exploration of emotional maturity and ways of coping
among health professionals working in various hospitals of Kashmir region of J&K. The Emotional
Maturity Scale developed by Singh and Bhargava (1991) was used to access emotional maturity and the
scale developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1985) was used to access ways of coping in the sample group of
150 health professionals. Analysis of the data revealed that, emotional maturity has a significant
relationship with self-control coping(r=-0.18) & escape avoidance ways of coping (r= 0.23). A structural
analysis of the data was also carried out and recommendations were also made therein.

Keywords: Emotional, Kashmir, Coping, Health , Professionals.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622563523.
E-mail Address: uzrauzair@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

958
Impact of Organizational Culture on Reengineering Success
Iqra Shafi Bhat£
,
Department of Management Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar,India.
JKSC-878

Abstract

The concept of Business Process Reengineering has appealed to various organizations with a proactive
orientation around the globe. This innovative approach has widely been adopted by business firms in
anticipation of the benefits that it promises -increase in efficiency, effectiveness and profitability.
However, despite of the responsiveness of organizations towards the Reengineering effort, the success
rate of BPR projects is very low (40 to 45%).This is a fact that intrigues the researcher. BPR has to be a
synchronized, coordinated and synergistic endeavor. There are various hard and soft factors that have an
impact on making Reengineering projects successful but it has been witnessed that most organizations
adhere to a technical perspective (focus on the technological aspect) rather than a socio-technical
perspective of Reengineering. The present study, therefore, aims to identify all factors other than the
technological factors that affect Reengineering with special emphasis on the impact of Organizational
Culture on Reengineering success.

Keywords: Business Process Reengineering (BPR) , Organizational culture , process orientation , Technical system.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906466519.
E-mail Address: iqrashafi406@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

959
Knowledge Management in Health Sector
Bilal Ahmad£, Farooq Ahmad Khan
1,2
Department of Management Studies, University of Kashmir, India.
JKSC-1505

Abstract

Knowledge management is not a single discipline, rather it is an integration of numerous endeavors.

World Health Organization (WHO) defined knowledge Management (KM) as a set of principles, tools
and practices that enable people to create knowledge, and to share, translate and apply what they know
to create value and improve effectiveness. Knowledge management has attracted the interest of
practitioners, consultants and researchers throughout the world. Knowledge management is becoming an
established discipline with many applications and techniques, its adoption in health sector has been
challenging. The use of knowledge management system in healthcare sector is on the increase. The more
advancements in medical science and the applications of information and communications technologies
(ICTs) to healthcare procedures disseminate more and more data and information, begins to permeate
healthcare databases and repositories. Nevertheless, it is no longer possible for the healthcare providers
to process the data without the help of sophisticated tools and technologies, due to the copious nature of
the different data assets. Although, the health care sector relies heavily on knowledge and evidence-based
medicine. Likewise, delivery of care depends on the cooperation of allied staff, that need to exchange their
knowledge in order to provide quality of care. The aim of this article is to give the overview of knowledge
management, its tool and techniques, and its advantages and challenges in health sector.

Keywords: Knowledge, Knowledge management, Healthcare, Knowledge management system.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7298024344.
E-mail Address: ahmadsheikhbilal@yahoo.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

960
Bio-inspired Algorithm for Decision Making in
Infrastructure Management
Hasnain Ali£1, Saqib Gulzar2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technolog Delhi,India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, India.
JKSC-1454

Abstract

Successful infrastructure management consists of careful planning, prudent design and meticulous
execution, all of which involve uncertainty and risk. These risk elements commensurate with the degree
of complexity associated with each project. Further, these risks are compounded by the conflicting
demands of all stakeholders, primarily involving human actors. Many a times, it is very cumbersome for
the project managers to manage the expectations of multiple stake holders and arrive at well-informed
and accurate decisions. As such, there is a dire need to develop an expert decision system(EDS) to aid
project managers in making informed decisions for effective use of all resources at their disposal. This
EDS should be based on probabilistic formulations to account for the uncertainty involved in project
management and use optimization algorithms to arrive at optimal management strategies while deriving
its input from past project databases. This study aims to employ Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
algorithm to discover infrastructure management rules for classifying successful project strategies from
unsuccessful ones. It is hoped that ACO-based EDS will assist managers take sound decisions rooted in
evidence from past projects. Inspired by the foraging behavior of ants and probabilistic formulations for
the selection of optimum path (strategies), an implementation of the proposed ACO algorithm is
highlighted and compared with existing classification algorithms. It is found that ACO is robust and
efficient and therefore, offers an alternative optimization paradigm.

Keywords: Ant Colony Optimization, Infrastructure, Planning, Management.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9979072321.
E-mail Address: hasnain.mit14@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

961
Stock Splits: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work
Bilal Ahmad Pandow£, Khurshid Ahmad Butt
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-332

Abstract

There are many corporate actions, one among them is the stock splits, in this act, the companies divide
its existing equity-scrips into multiple stocks. Usually, the stock-split is not expected to significantly affect
a splitting company’s financial health. Besides, the existing shareholders continue to hold the same
percentage holding in the firm before and after the split. In spite of all this, the event has attracted the
attention of the academicians globally. What has concerned the researcher is the after split new investors
get attracted in buying the stock as it is available at a lesser price. Although, the split may have virtually
no impact on the value of the assets as the financial fundamentals of the firm remain intact. The inquiry
into the interest of such investors actually end up gaining or losing? However, it is predictable that the
capital-market forces regulate the actual price of the shares as the liquidity would upsurge and more
shares become accessible after the split. Similar questions like these highpoints its significance for
investors to understand the determination and the aim of the companies going for the stock-split. The
present paper will address this in global and Indian context based on the past studies. Also, the main aim
of the paper is to examine two important aspects related to the split event: the effect on the liquidity of
firms that go for a split and its impact on the price of stocks. The paper will review the existing literature
available in Indian and global context. This study stems from the fact that not many studies are available
in this specific corporate action context. In order to achieve the set objective of the paper, the researcher
shall make use of the existing studies from credible journal sources.

Keywords: Stock Split, Corporate Action, Volatility, Liquidity, Return, Shareholder.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419017366.
E-mail Address: ibilalhussain@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

962
Open Access Journals in Applied Science: A Global
Perspective towards Openness of Research
Irfan Ul Haq Akhoon£, Asifa Ali, Sumaira, Jabeen, Tajamul Hassan Mir, Shabir
Ahmad Ganaie
Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir, India.
. JKSC-520

Abstract

Purpose: Internet has activated the progress of scholarly publications process in every discipline or subject
field which caused continuous development in the scholarly arcade. Open Access (OA), the product of
Internet has also captured the global disciplines. The field of Applied Science, is also perceiving an intense
growth in the open access mode of publishing. The study discovers the status of open access journal titles
in the field of Applied Science. The study highlighting different features open access titles in the field of
Applied Science. Design/Methodology/Approach: An efficient technique for describing the open access
titles in the field of Applied Science was carried out by mining out the data from SCOPUS Database an
Indexing and Abstracting Database. Findings: The findings of study clearly disclose that an explicatory
growth of open access journals in the field of Applied Science. Commercial publishers have also joined
hands as open access market players. Indexing policies of OA Journals in Applied Science need to be
restructured and Developing and under developing countries have to progress in open access publishing
process. Research Implications: The study will be helpful for the researchers of the concerned subject
field in exploring the open access journals related to their research. Furthermore, it can act as an eye
opener to the scholarly world to know about the real status of open access titles in the field of Applied
Science. Future Research: Future research can be carried out to know where other subject field are in
publishing their research output in open access mode of publishing and also to expedite the advanced
developments in the Open Access.

Keywords: Open Access, Open Access Journals, Applied Science, SCOPUS-Applied Science, Applied Science-Growth-
Development, Open Access Applied Science.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006294200.
E-mail Address: irfanakhoon@kashmiruniversity.net.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

963
Encouraging Rural Entrepreneurship in Kashmir Valley:
Challenges and Opportunities
Haris Abrar Kashmiri£
Department of Higher Education, Govt of J&K, Srinagar, India
JKSC-592

Abstract

Over the past two and half decades, economy of Jammu and Kashmir especially Kashmir Valley has been
disturbed because of the prevailing law and order situations. The Governments at the Centre and the State
have been putting efforts to bring the economy back on track in order to ensure employment
opportunities to some among 6,50,000 unemployed youth. However, nothing considerable has been
achieved so far, as the number of unemployed youth keeps on increasing with every passing day.
Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business or the capacity and
willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with risk taking abilities to make
profit. Rural Entrepreneurship now-a-days is a major opportunity for the youth who migrate from rural
areas to urban areas. It is a fact that number of rural entrepreneurs have been facing problems due to the
unavailability of primary amenities in rural areas. Lack of education, financial problems, insufficient
technical and conceptual abilities make it difficult for rural entrepreneurs to establish ventures in rural
areas. This paper concludes that entrepreneurship is essential for sustained economic growth, however,
there is an urgent need to inculcate the notion of self-employment among the youth and encouraging
rural entrepreneurship is one of the key components. Entrepreneurship as a means of self-employment
offers a number of challenges and opportunities, and these are what this research work would identify.

Keywords: Kashmir, Entrepreneurship, Rural Entrepreneurship, Challenges, Opportunities.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 7780966081.
E-mail Address: abrarkashmiri10@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

964
Science, History and Society
966
Colonial Impact on Kashmir Ecology During Dogra Rule
Mohd Ashraf Wani£
Department of History Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Luckno, India
JKSC-228

Abstract

Kashmir is a mountain girt territory located at an altitude of about 500 meters above the sea level. It is
having its unique geographical location and climate, inhabited by people with their own specific culture
and occupation, adjust themselves with the ecology of the region. The inhabitants in the region were living
in a harmony with the nature, which was represented in various forms, since times immemorial. Initially
the people of the region had exploited the natural resources only for survival but the increase in the
population led mounting pressure on the resources but the whole of the process was gradual and not
alarming. Similar was the situation in the rest of the country. However, the real weight of exploitation was
felt only after the colonization of India by the European powers. Colonial impact on the ecology of India
was quite visible in the contexts of forests, forest-based communities, game animals etc. The colonial
intervention in Kashmir started in the last quarter of nineteenth century and it has also influenced the
Kashmir ecology through multifaceted factors. The present study is an attempt to witness the implications
of British on the ecology of Kashmir in the context of forests and forest-based communities, game animals
and similar other issues related to ecology. The paper is based on both primary as well as secondary
sources.

Keywords: British, Dogra, Ecology, Forest, Game.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006870116.
E-mail Address: waniashraf121@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

967
Concept of Bio-diversity Conservation in Sanskrit Literature
Md. Meraj Ahmad£
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-637

Abstract

Bio- diversity is defined as variability in life forms including genes species and eco- systems. Bio-diversity
conservation seeks to maintain life support systems provided by nature. Adding to the impact of natural
processes, human intervention has had an adverse effect on these life support systems and thereby on Bio-
diversity. The idea of conservation is not a new one for India. References are scattered in ancient Sanskrit
literatures emphasizing the conservation of Flora and Fauna. Many Sanskrit texts like Vedas, Brahmanas,
Aryankas, Upanishads and Smriti literatures describe about bio-diversity in detail. Besides, these Vedic
literature Ramayana, Mahabharta, Arthashastra, Rajtarangini etc. reflected the concepts of forest ecology
and conservation in a sustainable manner. In Sanskrit literatures, nature and its conservation has been
the soul of writings. Kalidas was regarded as a poet of nature. Bio-diversity and forest conservation was
also mentioned in famous drama of Kalidasa namely Abhigyan Shakuntalam. Meghadoota of Kalidasa is
full of environmental references. In the Bhagvad Gita, Krishna compares the world to a single Banyan tree
with unlimited branches in which all the species of animals, humans and demigods wander, which reflects
the concept of community ecology. The trees like banyan and peepal were often referred in Sanskrit
literature. River, lakes, mountains, has been main subject matter of Sanskrit literature. In modern age,
there are many policies are being developed in many countries regarding forest and Bio- diversity
conservation, but they are all directly or indirectly influenced by the traditional knowledge as depicted in
Sanskrit literature. Biodiversity and their conservation through Sanskrit literature will be theme of my
research paper for sustainable development.

Keywords: Bio- diversity, Ancient India, Forest, Sustainability, Environment, Sanskrit text, Arthashastra.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419755001.
E-mail Address: drmeraj76@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

968
Discovery of a Giant Stone Adze-Head Near the Neolithic Site
Burzahom Srinagar, Kashmir
Hamidullah Wani£
Department of Geology, Amarsingh College, Srinagar, India
JKSC-768

Abstract

Stone adze-heads and axe-heads are perhaps the best-known implements of the Neolithic age and they
are also the most widely distributed products of the Stone Age in other parts of the world. Despite decades
of research, little insight is provided into the technology and technological processes of Neolithic axe
production. The giant stone adze-head has been discovered near the main Burzahom site, Srinagar. The
stone adze recovered is 1352 grams in weight and is 30 cm long. It is narrow and blunt from one end with
the width of 6 cm while it is tapering and broad 8.75 cm from the opposite side. This broader end (cutting
edge) is sharp and polished. The thickness of the adze-head is uniform 3 cm all along its length except on
the edges of the broader side where it is tapering. One of the faces of the stone tool is bewelled off at the
edges, which gives a broad hint that it is an adze-head rather than an axe-head. The adze-head which is
adapted for attachment to a haft in the same way as the axe-head (but the edge of the blade transverse to
the plane of the stroke of the tool) may often be distinguished by latter by the fact that one of the faces is
bevelled off at the edge. This stone adze-head is greenish in color and was crafted from the Panjal volcanic
rocks of Permian age which are abundantly available in the nearby mountains just a few kilometers
towards east from the site. This Panjal volcanic rock from which stone-adze head is made has developed
slaty cleavage due to low grade metamorphism and the length of the adze-head has been cleverly
developed along the slaty cleavage. Crafting the length of the tool along the slaty cleavage could have
made the craftsman easier as it breaks easily along slaty cleavages and vice versa. The development of
stone tools from the Panjal volcanic rocks rather than from other sedimentary rocks (like Triassic
limestone) available in the area indicate that the Neolithic man was choosy for crafting stone tools from
hard rocks and was a keen observer in understanding the variation of tool properties in different
directions.

Keywords: Neolithic, Burzahom, Gaint stone adze-head, Geo-archaeology.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419358652.
E-mail Address: hamid79@rediffmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

969
Evaluation of Impact of ICDS Programme with Special Focus
on Women in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
Shabana Khurshid Attar£, Shazia Manzoor Khaki
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir, Srinagar. India
JKSC-832

Abstract

Women constitute half of world population and neglecting them means neglecting half of human
potential. Women play different kinds of roles in day to day life be it a family, society or nation at large.
These roles directly or indirectly tell upon the physical and psychological aspects of women. Prenatal care
endows various measures of preventive intervention at the time of pregnancy. This includes creating
awareness among women about proper nutrition intake, timely immunization, safe delivery and post-
natal care. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is one of the world’s largest welfare schemes
which cater to the holistic development of child and women by improving their nutrition and health
status. The services of ICDS include providing ‘supplementary Nutrition, Immunization, Health Check-
up, Referral Services, Nutrition and Health Education and Non-Formal Education to the target group.
Started with 33 projects across the country today it has expanded to 7076 projects. The speedy expansion,
however, resulted into some programmatic, institutional and administration gaps that need to be
addressed. Since its origin, the ICDS has persistently gone through numerous stages of enhancement in
terms of obligatory implementation and sustainability of its objective. The first project in the state of
Jammu & Kashmir was started in 1975 in Kangan in Srinagar district. This paper tries to evaluate the
functioning of the ICDS and its impact on the women beneficiaries in the Srinagar District. Data was
collected and analyzed from 4 ICDS projects in the district Srinagar of Kashmir. Pregnant women,
lactating mothers and women in the age group of 15-45 years were included in the study. A total of 144
beneficiaries and 44 functionaries were selected through Stratified random sampling technique. Self-
devised interview schedule, observation and Focused Group Discussions were the tools used to gather the
required data. The data gathered through the administration of tools was coded and tabulated using
Microsoft Excel.

Keywords: ICDS, Women Beneficiaries, Nutrition, Development, ICDS Centre.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8715907039.
E-mail Address: shabanakhurshid786@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

970
Technology and Social Acceleration: Insights from Sociology
of Speed
Suheel Rasool Mir£, Syeeda Nousheen Fatima, Mansoor Ahmad Dar
Department of Sociology , University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-198

Abstract

The pace of social and cultural change is much faster than in any previous era.in the era of information
technology, not only are the rhythms of life faster, but the rate of change has itself accelerated. while many
factors are responsible for this phenomenon, information and technology are seen as the main drivers.
technology and social change are related because they are both the dynamics of social change. technology
does not cause change but facilitates the change. Also the process of globalization continues to accelerate
social change, which in turn leads to change in values, norms and lifestyle and relationship. In recent years
the pace of social change has accelerated alongside the pace of technological change. Also the social
bonds have become stretched across space but compressed in time, giving way to accelerated forms of
sociality. New technologies generate new kinds of time characterized by unprecedented change and have
shown that the impact is far from straightforward. New events like modernity, technology, gave
acceleration and with the escape velocity, individuals have become free from reality and history. In other
words, individuals are liberated in every sense of term. However, a certain amount of speed is needed to
stay in reality and history. once the gravitational effect has been lost bodies, processes and messages are
lost in the hyperspace Therefore in the above-mentioned context the present paper entitled " Technology
and social acceleration: Insights from Sociology of Speed " will discuss technology and social acceleration.
Secondly it will discuss critically that how modernity, technology and globalization gave acceleration to
social change. Finally, the paper will conclude by presenting sociological exposition on how technology
continues to accelerate the social change which in-turn leads to changes in values, norms and lifestyle and
relationship.

Keywords: Technology , Social Acceleration , Escape Velocity , Gravitation , Sociology of Speed.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797833872.
E-mail Address: mirsuhailscholar@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

971
Understanding the Scope of Social Engineering Towards
Mitigating Substance Abuse Amongst Kashmiri Youth
Sheikh Irfan Ul Islam£, Adil Ahmad
North Campus, University of Kashmir, Sringar, India
JKSC-1492

Abstract

Kashmiri society like other societies is replete with various evils that affect not only the doers but also
others around. Substance abuse amongst youth is one such serious social problem. Being a conflict hit
state; issues other than the ones linked to security are seemingly considered not so important and hence
attract least attention from stakeholders. The response to the problem of substance abuse is therefore
quite disproportionate and it is posing threat to the existence of future generation. Notwithstanding the
lackadaisical approach of state and civil society, there is a need to revitalize our response to this problem,
without waiting for it to reach an alarming situation. Social engineering as an area of social intervention,
has delivered quite satisfactory results in resolving social problems in different parts of world, when used
with the positive intent and can be experimented in this scenario as well. This paper will attempt to
understand the possibility of using social engineering as a viable alternative to effect changes in attitudes
and motives underlying this problem.

Keywords: Substance Abuse, Social Engineering, Intervention, Youth.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803040836.
E-mail Address: irfanulislam@uok.edu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar

972
Information Seeking Behavior of Science Faculty at University
of Kashmir
Tajamul Hassan Mir£, Irfan Ul Akhoon, Sumaira, Jabeen, Asifa Ali , Dr Shabir
Ahmad Ganaie
Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir , Srinagar, India
JKSC-529

Abstract
The paper aims to investigate the information seeking behaviour of Science faculty of University of Kashmir and to
expose useful facts about information sources mostly preferred by and the variation in information seeking behaviour.
It also aims to investigate the use of ICT tools by Science faculty while seeking information. A questionnaire survey
was used to collect the data from 70 faculty members of Science subjects of University of Kashmir. The questionnaire
was closed ended and data collected was analysed accordingly. The findings revealed that majority of faculty members
not much rely on the library. No doubt the use of internet and electronic resources of information has increased,
though still the love for books or other printed material is alive in users as majority of faculty members use both
electronic and print media. The findings further revealed that majority of faculty members complain about non
availability of material in library. Majority of faculty members are somewhat satisfied with overall services and sources
provided by Central library of the Institution. The study derived the significant findings which could be used to
develop the library services and designing the information services and systems that are appropriate for their needs.

Keywords: Information Seeking Behavior, Information Needs, Science faculty, University Libraries Science, History
and Society.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7780849717.
E-mail Address: mirtajamulgowhar@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

973
Society and Technological Change: A Sociological Overview
Bilal Ahmad Bhat£, Javeed Ahmad
Department of Sociology University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
JKSC-1459

Abstract

Technological advance is often taken as the exemplification of the uniquely human ability to solve
problems through rational thought and action. Technologies have not only influenced our lives but have
themselves been shaped by social, economic, cultural, and political forces. The study of technology is
important not just for its own sake, but for what it tells us about the kinds of societies we make for
ourselves. The objective of the study will be to understand the consequences of technological change, as
well as the forces that have produced it. It affects groups and individuals in different ways, often leaving
some in a better position while others lose ground. The study gives a connection between science and
technology, both through historical and contemporary times, and analyzes the social processes that link
the two. the diffusion of technology, from one nation to another and from one organization to another
are often altered as they pass from one place to another, and another considers the problems encountered
by poor countries when they adopt technologies that originate in rich ones. Another objective of the study
will look into the feasibility of restricting the export of technology. The final section objective will be to
understand advantages and disadvantages of the patent system. The research methodology to be used in
this study will be content analysis and observational study.

Keywords: Technology, Diffusion, Environment, Society, Development.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 8803421851.
E-mail Address: bbhat445@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

974
Social, Economical,
Ethical and Legal Aspects
of Science and Technology
976
Greening the Value Chain in Hospitality: A Case Study of ITC
Hotels
Mudasir Raja£, Shabir A. Bhat
The Business School, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-226

Abstract

This case study aims to discover in detail the value chain of ITC Hotels specifically to explore how it has
come about to greening the different components along its value chain using different technologies
enabling it to develop, create and deliver a greener value to its customers and the society.
Design/methodology/approach - The case study involves ITC Hotels Ltd. and follows Type II case study
approach in which secondary data and information are used to develop a case study. Pertinently we have
collected data and information from sources like News Papers, Journals, Web data, Industry news, etc.
about the green activities, practices, processes, and initiatives at ITC Hotels. We have organized this data
and information according to the Value Chain concept and then qualitatively analyzed and discussed the
greening of the value chain of ITC Hotels. Findings are “ITC Hotels has been successful in greening its
value chain by truly committing to its prerogative of responsible luxury and being the greenest luxury
hotel chain in the world. It has achieved so by adopting technologies which have enabled it to achieve
rainwater harvesting; renewable energy; energy conservation; waste reduction, recovery, reuse and
recycling; water management; optimized heating, ventilation and air conditioning; natural lighting;
local/in-house sourcing of food ingredients, eco-conscious building design and equipment; green supply
chain; green banqueting; green housekeeping and cleaning; environmental education programs for staff
and consumers; and dedicated perusal of being carbon positive; water positive and solid waste recycling
positive; among various other activities. Practical implications and Findings from this research work have
implications for research workers as well as the hospitality industry because they give an understanding
of how greening the value chain can generate benefits for the environment, customers, society as well as
the businesses.
Originality/value & Findings of the case study are based on the qualitative analysis of data and information
from secondary sources. The study makes noteworthy academic contributions to the literature on green
value chain and it also provides valuable insights to the marketers in the hospitality and other industries
about the economic, social and environmental benefits of going green.

Keywords: Value Chain, Green Value Chain, Hospitality, ITC Hotels.

£
Presenting Author: Tel.: +91 9796124876.
E-mail Address: mudasiraja@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

977
Impact of Science and Technology in Legal Jurisprudence.
Mudassir Nazir£ Tauseef Ahmad
Jamia Milia Islamia New Delhi,India.
JKSC-191

Abstract

The 21st century saw the advent of science and technology. This development brings the revolution all
around the world and the legal jurisprudence also got effected. various new scientific and technological
developments were included in law like that of Narco-Anaysis, blood test, electronic evidence, forensic
science and much more. This new technology poses some new questions to traditional method of
investigation, interpretation and modes of manner of doing an illegal act. the concept of speedy justice
which is a constructional right seems be a dead idea but with the use of science and technology it can be
activated the judiciary also moves towards adopting some new methods so as to be in line with day to day
updates. Recently the order of supreme court to install CCTV cameras in various courts is a step towards
this direction. the paper is an attempt to highlight the impact of science and technology on legal
jurisprudence and role of legislature and judiciary to cope up with these developments. at the end of
paper, the author{s} will provide some suggestions as well.

Keywords: Liberty, Constutionalism, Jurispudance, Demosprudance, Speedy Justice.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9891563126.
E-mail Address: mudassirnazir62@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

978
Old Aged in the Age of Digitalization: Issues and Conclusions
Shahzada Saleem Wani
University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1476

Abstract

Old Aged have become highly marginalized sections of the society due to the technological revolution as
their values have been highly challenged by the Age of ICT. They are feeling highly segregated and
secluded as most of their day to social and governmental institutions drag the people towards
Digitalization of records belonging to the beneficiaries personal and economical profiles like that of
Adhaar and land settlement issues which has resulted in the cumbersome junctures for ageing. Their own
personal profiles are not so rich that they would switch to the digital world like youngsters. Either ageing
people are not qualified to learn subtleties of internet especially of rural and tribal areas or they are poor
to use internet. Also they may not such facilities in their own area. This has resulted in their deprivation
and made them prone of not getting involved in the government sponsored programs. It has also created
societal imbalance and the schemes that are exclusively meant for the old Aged people have not brought
rehabilitation for ageing. Both government and non-government agencies should organize awareness and
Training programs for the ageing to overcome their deprivation.

Keywords: Ld Aged, Digitalization, Deprivation,Government and Non Government Institutions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622565837.
E-mail Address: saleemshahzada16@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

979
Technology and Crime Implications on Society
Nisar Ahmad Wani, Aimon Khan
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.

JKSC-434

Abstract

Science and technology has revolutionized our day to day lives. Emerging technological innovations have
made our lives easier, faster and comfortable. They are alienated from our day to day lives. Exceptional
scientific inventions and innovations have radically and rapidly transformed our world into a better and
worth-living-in place. These new advances have made our world and lives progressively open and turned
this whole world into a global village transcending all the geographical boundaries. Through this
perspective, the future of science and technology looks so bright that we just can’t afford to blink our eyes
as the things are happening at an immense pace. But one needs to come out of this technological-utopia
and realize this is not everything and like a coin the science and technology too has pros and cons
associated with them. Besides revolutionizing our lives, they have made us more dependent, vulnerable
and unsafe. There is a darker side to these technologies and have undesirable consequences which has
ultimately created a world full of doubt, ambiguity and uncertainties. Besides being helpful to common
masses, criminals have been manipulating these innovations and emerging technologies for their own
benefits. Through this study we intend to explore relationship between technology and crime and assess
its impacts on the society as a whole because the advances and progresses in technology have altogether
transformed the milieu of crime, which, in some of its new forms, poses an austere threat to society.

Keywords: Technology, Innovations, Society, Crime,

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006281744.
E-mail Address: waninisar55@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

980
Teenagers and Social Networking Sites: An Organized Study
on the impacts of Social Networking Sites on Teenagers
Sumiya Din£, Nisar Ahmad Wani
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-432

Abstract

Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are internet-based facilities and services like Facebook, Twitter, What’s
App, Instagram etc. Since their introduction, they have attracted billions of users (mostly teenagers) and
millions of them have integrated these sites into their day to day lives. They have changed the ways people
continue and sustain their relationships with people. Young people have been very fast in using these new
services and technologies in ways which have altered their behaviors in everyday life. These services have
a massive impact on the lives of their users and the young generation happens to be the most affected
one. They have altered their behavior, affected their social life and education. They have led to the
disruption of families and forced isolation and privacy among the teenagers. Through this study, we aim
to evaluate and assess the immense impacts these Social Networking Sites (SNS) have on the lives of
teenagers. This is important in a sense that this field has been thriving and more social networking sites
and applications are coming up as the time passes. There has been a lot of development and advancement
in this area and new applications have been developed or/ are being developed with more advanced as
well as attractive features that it is impossible for next generations to come out of them. Thus, it is need
of the hour to find a solution to this nuisance/problem at the earliest.

Keywords: Technology, Social Networking Sites, Teenagers, Education.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 7006885063.
E-mail Address: sumiyadin.malik@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

981
Understanding the Impact of Modern Technology on Society:
A Case Study of Kashmir Society
Aarif Hussain1£, Shabir Ahmad Najar, Bilal Ahmad Khan
University Of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-208

Abstract

Human life has changed a lot in all walks of life. Humans have done wonders in all aspects of life, especially
in the field of technology. Rapid increase in technology has brought revolution in our life. Technology has
solved our lot of problems like in health; communication etc. Present age is entirely dependent of
technology. Life seems meaningless without technology. Modern man is celebrating technology like
anything. As everything has positive as well as negative implications, same is the case with modern
technology. On the one hand technology has proved fruitful for us but on the other has it has created too
many problems for us. Deteriorating social relations are one of the negative implications of modern
technology. Old societal bonds which used to be prevalent in Kashmir society are no longer present. Social
being means those who assist each other in times of trouble and share each other’s happiness and sorrow.
Modern technology has made individual materialistic and self-centered. An individual is concerned only
with his own life. Ethical and social valves, morals are no longer visible in Kashmir society. Modern man
is trying to get social happiness from technology in the form of television, mobile phones etc. this
dependency on technology has widened gap between the individuals. So, the present research paper will
discuss the impact of modern technology on social life of Kashmir.

Keywords: Technology, Social Life, Kashmir, Negative Implications.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9469111864.
E-mail Address: aarifmsw@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

982
Technology and Social Acceleration: Insights from Sociology of
Speed
Suheel Rasool Mir£, Syeeda Nousheen Fatima, Mansoor Ahmad
Department of Sociology,University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-308

Abstract
The pace of social and cultural change is much more rapid than in any previous era. In the era of
information and technological, not only are the rhythms of life faster, but the rate of change has itself
accelerated. While many factors are contributing to this phenomenon, information and communication
technologies are seen as the main drivers. Technology and social change are related because they are both
the dynamics of the social life. Technology does not immediately cause social change but it facilitates the
change. The process of globalization continues to accelerate the social change which in turn leads to
changes in values, norms, lifestyle and relationship. In recent years pace of social change has accelerated
alongside the pace of technological change. Also Social bonds have become stretched across space but
compressed in time, giving way to accelerated forms of sociality. New technologies generate new kinds of
time characterized by unpredictable change and have shown that the impact which is far from
straightforward. Time–space compression is a constant theme in sociology of speed. New events like
Modernity, technology, gave acceleration and with the escape velocity individuals have become free from
reality and history. In other words, individuals are liberated in every sense of the term. However, a certain
speed is needed to stay in reality and history. Once the gravitational effect has been lost bodies, processes
and messages are lost in the hyperspace.In this context the present paper entitled Technology and Social
Acceleration: Insights from Sociology of Speed will discuss technology and social acceleration. Secondly
it will discuss critically that how modernity, technology and globalization gave acceleration to social
change. Finally, the paper will conclude by presenting explorative view on how technology continues to
accelerate the social change which in turn leads to changes in values, norms, lifestyle and relationship

Keywords: Technology, Technology, Social Acceleration, Modernity, Escape Velocity, Gravitational Effect.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9906652889.
E-mail Address: mirsuhailscholar@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

983
Understanding the Impact of Emerging Technology on
Human Rights
Afnan Tariq Khan£, Hilal Ahmad Tantry
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-438

Abstract

Emerging technologies are playing a commendable role in empowering the human rights movement all
across the globe. Speaking about the relationships between technology and human rights, we have to deal
with the interrelations between some very complex phenomena: technology, science, society or systems
of societies, and systems of rights of a universal nature. Advancements in emerging technology have so
far proved a doubtful advantage with respect to the protection of human rights. This paper attempts to
understand the link between technology and human rights. Besides, in the past few years,Government of
India has also started the project of Aadhar, to provide a unique identification number to its citizens by
making use of technology, wherein thumb impressions, retinal scan and other important credentials of
an individual are collected. Due to the initiation of programs like these, it has attracted a lot of criticism
from human right activists, experts and general masses for their impact on the right to privacy. In this
perspective, this paper attempts to understand how emerging technologies positively and negatively
impact the human rights movement all across the globe.

Keywords: Technology, Technology, Human Rights, Aadhar, Privacy.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9797703172.
E-mail Address: fnantariq@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

984
New Media Technologies and their Impact on Family Life
Aimon Khan£, Sumiya Din
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-433

Abstract

New media technologies have changed our society as a whole. These include television, internet, radio,
e-mail, mobile phones, computers, laptops etc. Their presence in our lives have revolutionized our
everyday-life. They have increased communication between people and brought them together and
turned the whole world into a global community, transcending geographical boundaries. These
technologies, on one hand have been very helpful to people, however, on the other hand they have brought
about social isolation and familial disruption. They have revolutionized the whole world and at the same
time ruined individual lives. The introduction of these technologies into the social settings, like
households have affected social interactions between individuals and disrupted social gatherings. Family
constitutes one of the most important institutions of the society and its disruption can evidently affect
and create discrepancies in the whole society.
The new media technologies have impact on the social interaction within households in a number of ways.
On one hand, it can help in increasing interaction within the families by getting generations and family
members together. And on the other hand, these new media technologies can lead to a growing
privatization and isolation within a household. Through this study, we want to explore and understand
the impacts of new media technologies on various facets of family life.

Keywords: New Media Technologies, Communication, Family, Isolation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796505973.
E-mail Address: aimunkhan90@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

985
Technology and Humanity: A Present Scenario of Jammu &
Kashmir
Zahoor Ahmad Rather£
Department of Political Science, Govt. Degree College Magam, Budgam,India.
JKSC-602

Abstract

Humanity has evolved from the essence that separates humans from beasts: the ability to use the mind
for reason. Reason is the ability to analyze, create, deduce, and formulate. It is reason that enables human
beings to strive to invent; it is through invention that mankind has developed society and created a better
world. Technological advancements which have shown a substantial growth concerned with each and
every field of humanity whether it be the communication systems, medical and higher education fields,
meteorology, automobiles, internet and electronic devices of daily usage or the computers. Everything of
the technologies has its uses and abuses over humanity; both of the views are taken in the
account….about the State of Jammu & Kashmir. society and our individual lives in the State of J&K are
also influenced by technology in many direct and indirect ways, including governance, human
relationships, and our views on mind, matter, morality, and our own human nature. This paper sketches
an overview of technological advancement in our State is similar to a double edged sword which on one
side can kill someone and on the other side can lead to ones own protection. However, the decision to use
it proficiently in proper perspective is ones own decision and choice.

Keywords: Humanity, Technology, Positive and Negative Aspects, Suggestions.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9622820349.
E-mail Address: ratherzahoor1@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

986
Teens and their Social Media Negotiations: A Case Study of
Teenagers of Srinagar
Sabeha Mufti£1, Nazia Akhtar2
1
University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
2
Education Multimedia Research Centre, University of Kashmir,India.
JKSC-1020

Abstract

In recent years’ social media has attained considerable importance throughout the world. It is because of
its unique advantages and greater outreach that millions of people are using it every day. Among the wide
range of the social media available, Social Networking Sites have become one of the most popular social
media platform used today. Thus the inception of social networking Sites like Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram, Skype, you tube, etc. have fascinated millions of users belonging to different age groups who
have made it as a part of their daily routines. Though the popularity of Social Networking Sites is
increasing in all age groups worldwide, but it has become integral part of everyday communication in the
life of teenagers. This age group is the first digital generation and is used to access these Social Networking
Sites for prolonged time periods for different activities like sharing of ideas, commenting on different
posts or thoughts shared by people, making statements regarding any situation, sharing videos or pictures,
visiting the profile of different people and so on. The unending attractive features of these Social
Networking Sites have not only made them inescapable for the teenagers but it has made them seekers of
more and more such sites and such kind of obsession is considered to have affected their life in both
positive and negative ways.
In this paper an attempt is made to study the nature of prevalence of social networking among the
teenagers in Srinagar. The study investigates how teens negotiate on these Social Networking Sites and
how the virtual social world has replaced the real life relations of these adolescents. The study also looks
at how the new media habits have become an important social milieu and is guiding them to the
reconsideration of the socialization pattern. In order to achieve the objectives of the study Questionnaire
tool was used to collect the data. The Sample population was selected by lottery method of random
sampling and included both the genders. The inclusion criterion was that the participant should be SNS
user.

Keywords: Social Networking Sites, Teenagers, Adolescents, Social Media, Communication, Srinagar, Influence, SNS.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9419426816.
E-mail Address: naziaakh@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

987
Development via Applicability of Scientific Innovations in
The Lifestyle of the People of the Backward Areas of Jammu
and Kashmir
Rubeena Ali Bhat£1, Iram Imtiyaz2, Sheikh Idrees Mujtaba3
1,2
University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
3
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,India.
JKSC-1474

Abstract

In the wake of globalization, every individual from the diverse cultures around the world are busy in the
attempts to further their progress in their lifestyles by applying every single tested and authorized
outcome of the science research in their lives. The people of the state of Jammu and Kashmir are no
different to this world order. Considering the growing educational levels of the people of the state, they
have been more welcoming to the science and its technological advancements, if at all they found that
easing their standard of living in any manner. This applicability has no doubt transformed their lifestyles
by replacing their early modes altogether. In this backdrop, the paper focusing on the extent of these
transformations through the applicability on the lives of the residents of backward areas in Jammu and
Kashmir, is an offshoot of a primary study, the data of which was collected from some selected backward
villages from each tehsil of district Anantnag using interview schedule. The paper finds that science has
been a major boost of transforming the societies, their outlook and thus their overall way of living. The
people from these areas in particular have seen the barriers between them and the rest of the people
diminishing when they have begun to welcome and apply science marring orthodox mentalities to sail on
the ship of progress. The only constraint is the lower socio-economic profile which is gradually improving
by their special status.

Keywords: Science And Applicability, Development, Lifestyle, Culture, Society, Transformation.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9796328897.
E-mail Address: bhat.rubeena@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

988
Understanding “Risk Society” of New Modernity: A Curious
Case of Genetically Modified Crops
Javaid Rashid£1
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1537

Abstract

Industrial society has given rise to many new dangers of risks unknown to earlier generations. Such risks
have been created by our own social or developmental innovations and by the development of science
and technology. In 19th century, as modernization dissolved the structure of feudal society and produced
the industrial society, modernization today is dissolving industrial society and “another modernity”,
beyond an industrial design, is coming into being. This “new modernity” has deeply integrated itself with
the mind and market in our society. Such a society is termed as, Risk Society and such transformation is
a major break in the current global processes where the management of risk is the prime feature of the
global order. The present paper in the light of the above framework looks at the political economy of world
agro-food industry and Genetically Modified (GM) crops, where-in it traces the underlying ideologies,
forces and factors that advocate the adoption of GM crops into agriculture throughout the world. The
paper highlights the fact that there is a comparative advantage or disadvantage to the states in the
adoption of GM crops, particularly when very few corporations control the world food market. Moreover,
the basic argument that the proponents of GM crops put forward is the claimed benefits, direct or indirect,
to the agricultural production and productivity through the ‘three-trait genetic technology’ that
infuses ‘desirable’ characteristics or traits in the crops. On the other hand, the opponents of GM
crops strongly emphasize the hazards and risks of GM crops for human health, environment and natural
biodiversity. In this context, the paper explores the underlying dynamics of the GM crop debate and
contextualizes the discussions into the framework of “Risk Society”, and attempts to strike a balance
between exaggeration and denial of both the social and scientific rationality.

Keywords: Risk Society, Genetically Modified Crops, Politics of Science.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: +91 9107052157.
E-mail Address: javaid.rashid@uok.edu.in.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

989
Prevention and Control of Light Pollution: International and
National Legal Perspectives
Iftikhar Hussain Bhat£1
University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1698

Abstract

The problem of environmental pollution stands on the forefront among all the problems faced by the
humankind in the modern times. The emerging challenges of environmental pollution present themselves
in varied forms including the issues relating to air, water, soil and many other forms of pollution which
play against the human welfare and health in a considerable manner. One of the latest recruit to the
already identified pollution problems is the issue of light pollution which has the potential of devastating
human health and the night environment. The causes of light pollution include transportation, energy,
commercial activities, safety, sports, recreation and number of cultural activities. In this context a number
laws and policy measures, international and national, have been initiated to establish a duty on the
concerned authorities to manage the outdoor lights and regulate other sources of light pollution so as to
protect people from the risks of light pollution. Although many countries have taken legislative and policy
measures to prevent and control the light pollution, there has been no legislative response from India to
prevent and control light pollution. The main purpose of this paper will be to highlight the legal responses
met to the problem of light pollution by different jurisdictions and to suggest the enactment of
appropriate law to tackle the problem of light pollution in India.

Keywords: Enivironmental Pollution,Soil,Air,Water,Light Pollution.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA
E-mail Address: iftikharveeri@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

990
Core Constituents of the Educational System of Schedule
Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir
Sofiya Hassan£
University of Kashmir,Srinagar,India.
JKSC-1706

Abstract

Education has remained a serious concern since independence. Education is a precondition for removing
the barriers of backwardness and marginalization in any society or community. A nationwide research
study entitled “Educational Status of STs / SCs in India: Attainments and Challenges” commissioned by
Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi has been carried out to understand the
attainment of SCs and STs in context with Non-SCs and Non-STs in the sphere of education. A
comparative statistical (logistic regression) analysis is used to ascertain factors responsible for the low
performance of the STs of Jammu and Kashmir. The peculiar aspect of tribal of Jammu and Kashmir is
their scattered population inhabits difficult and remote geographical terrain which is a hurdle to their
speedy educational and socio-economic development. This research paper attempts to explain the
educational status of STs in Jammu and Kashmir in terms of attainments and challenges faced by ST
students in the process of education. This paper analyses the factors responsible for poor performances
by reviewing the core constituents of education like socio-economic background, school as an institution,
teacher, student and Affirmative Action for STs. This paper evaluates the factors that hinder progress of
STs in the spheres of education at different levels. Finally, the paper recommends urgent implementation
of strategies in order to improve the attainment levels among the STs of Jammu & Kashmir. Thus, this
paper is to share information and examine to what extent education has spread among STs and its
implications for their empowerment and development.

Keywords: Performances, , teacher, Education Institutions, and Affirmative Action.

£
Presenting Author. Tel.: NA.
E-mail Address: seeme121@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

991
Other Areas
994
Language Choice and Language Use in Computer Mediated
Communication: A Case Study of Kashmiri Speakers
Mehnaz Rashid£
Department of Linguistics,University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-740

Abstract

Kashmiri language belongs to Dardic group of Proto-Indo European language family. Kashmiri, mainly
spoken in the Kashmir region of Jammu and Kashmir State, is one of the twenty-two languages included
in the Eighth (VIII) schedule of Indian Constitution. Kashmiri is the native language of Kashmir region.
The population of the State Jammu & Kashmir is 1.2 Crore as per the census of 2011. 70% of this population
has Kashmiri as its mother tongue. Kashmiri has a well-defined history and rich literature. Kashmir is a
multilingual region, with Kashmiri as its native tongue, Urdu as its official language, English as the
language of education and media. With the advent in science and technology, the mode of communication
has also changed and Internet has revolutionized every sphere of life. Internet serves multiple functions.
One of the functions which Internet serves is the purpose of communication. The communication that
takes place through Internet comes under the realms of CMC (computer mediated communication). CMC
is the encoding and decoding of information through electronic gadgets like mobile phones, computers,
tabs etc. CMC is the communication that takes place between human beings through the instrumentality
of computers. (Herring, 1996).CMC is a virtual platform to share and acquire information (Baron, 1998).
Most of the communication that takes place through Internet is text based. The use of Internet for the
communication purposes lies at the heart of CMC. The present paper aims to study the language
preferences of Kashmiri people when communicating online. The study will take into account the
language choice of people while communicating online either in formal or informal settings. The paper
will also study the attitude of Kashmiri people towards the usage of Kashmiri, Urdu, and English while
using Internet based technology for communication.

Keywords: CMC, Language Choice, Language Use, Language Attitude, Online Communication.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9596286118.
E-mail Address: mehnazrashid026@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

995
Migration, Slums and Development: India with Special
Reference to J&K
Farah Farooq Shah£
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1441

Abstract

Urbanization and slum creations are intertwined. Urban areas were not capable of supporting huge influx
of rural population which led to the creation of slums in and around the urban areas. Slums cause
environmental degradation besides causing social and health predicaments. On a positive note, slums
being closer to urban areas provide the slum population opportunities like employment, education, access
to basic amenities that were not available otherwise. The first part deals with analysis of how rural
population has put pressure on urban areas and resources which has led to a wide range of human and
natural degradation. The second part deals with the opportunities that rural population can access by
being close to urban areas. The third part deals with the changing rural life styles by being exposed to
urban life and culture. The paper comes to the conclusion that taking advantage of the available
opportunities is important for the development and progress of humans.

Keywords: Migration, Slums, Development, Opportunities.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 7889387021.
E-mail Address: farahshah06@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

996
Prey Preferences of Leopard (Panthera pardus) in Dachigam
National Park
Kulsum Ahmad Bhat£, Naziya Khurshid, Muniza Manzoor
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-352

Abstract

The feeding habits of the common leopard were investigated by the scat analysis. This study was carried
out to gather information about the diet of Leopard in order to conclude the potential impact on the prey
population mainly the Hangul deer- the flagship species of the park. Field surveys were carried out from
September 2014 to March 2016, covering all the seasons. A total of 250 Scats were collected. At least 20
hairs from each scat sample were randomly selected and were mounted on slides for microscopic
characterization. Predated species were identified as Himalayan grey langur (Semnopithecus ajax),
Himalayan yellow throated pine marten (Martes flavigula), jackal (Canis aureus indicus), dog (Canis
lupus), porcupine (Hystrix indica) and various domestic animals like Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goat (Capra
aegagrus). The results show that dogs and grey langur are an important food source for Leopard. Less
predation pressure was observed on Hangul and Musk deer because of their low abundance in the park.
It is quite interesting to mention that few bird feathers and spines were also found in the scat. The scat
analysis showed a relatively high kill of Himalayan grey langur and dogs.

Keywords: Flagship, Scats, Leopard.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 8491859463.
E-mail Address: kulsumbhat11@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

997
Acquisition of Temporal Deixis Among Kashmiri Speaking
Children in the Age Group of Two and Three years
Shaila Bashir£
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-766

Abstract

Language is a complex system which is made of several numerous units. Each of these units, which
combine to a limited set of sounds to create units such as words with an unlimited set of meanings and
Deixis, seems to be the most useful gear in reflecting the relationship between language and context.
Deictic terms can link the utterance with specific person, time, place, or speech event. They include
personal pronouns (e.g. I, you), demonstratives (e.g. this, that), and some adverbs indicating place (e.g.
here, there) and time (e.g. tomorrow). The present paper is an attempt to study the Temporal diexis
among children acquiring Kashmiri as their first language in the age group between 2 to 3 years. The
results from the study reveal that the children of age group 2 and 3 years in their process of Acquiring
Kashmiri Language showed a positive gradient of usage of Temporal Deixis with increase in age.

Keywords: Diexis, Temporal Diexis, Communication, Expressions.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9906532637.
E-mail Address: shailabashir.85@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

998
Palatography Method for Investigating the Place of
Articulation of Coronal Sound [th] of Kashmir Language
Zargar Adil Ahmad£, Younis Rashid Dar, Deeba Aazfa
Department of Linguistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1458

Abstract

Phoneticians have developed various methods for looking precisely at the place of articulation and Static
Palatography or Direct Palatography is one of the methods of obtaining articulatory data i.e. it looks at
the contact pattern of the tongue on the roof of mouth during an utterance and is a very useful method
for phonetic description of speech sounds both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The present study
aims to experimentally verify the place of articulation of Coronal sound [th] of Kashmiri Language using
Static Palatography, as no such study has ever been carried out before. For this study, the palatography
data was collected from 3 native speakers of Kashmiri Language. Various scholars working on Kashmiri
language have classified [th] sound as Dental. In this study [th] sound was placed in various phonetic
environments to see the effect of surrounding sound on the precise location of target sound within the
oral cavity. However, after the analysis of data the results obtained suggest otherwise, that the sound [th]
is a Denti- alveolar sound (Incisor line+ later Incisor line+ Mid- canine line, Firth 1948).

Keywords: Place, Articulation, Language, Sound, Coronal.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9596316300.
E-mail Address: aadil.stoic@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

999
Role of Technology in Alleviating the Sufferings of People
Living in Border Areas
Sumeera Nazir Beigh£, Shazia Manzoor
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-523

Abstract

India has a very large and complex border, covering around 15,106.7 km, which it shares with Bangladesh,
China, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar and Bhutan, as well as a small portion with Afghanistan. India has three
types of land borders: international borderline (IBL), line of control (LoC) and line of actual control
(LoAC). IBL is the demarcation that has been agreed upon and ratified by both the neighbouring countries
and has been accepted by the rest of the world. LoC is the de facto border and separates Pakistan-occupied
Kashmir from India’s state of Jammu and Kashmir. LoAC is the boundary line that separates Indian held
lands from Chinese-controlled territory. The disputed and unsettled nature of our boundaries (both land
and maritime) has made their security much more difficult. What further increases the complexity and
criticality are the varied terrain, climatic conditions and relationship with some of the neighbouring
countries. Owing to such peculiarities, having low infrastructural facilities and poor technology increases
the sufferings of people living in border areas. The various agencies involved in border management, such
as customs, immigration, armed forces, border security and intelligence agencies, are characterized by a
need to cooperate with an expanding range of external information sources (technology driven and
intelligence based) in order to develop a common operating picture of the movements within and beyond
our borders. The present paper makes an attempt to understand the role of modern technology on
improving the everyday life of people living in border areas.

Keywords: Border, Technology, LoC and Security

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9797288595
E-mail Address: s.beigh25@live.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1000
Social Support, Self-Esteem, Quality of Life and Suicidal
Ideation Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Jammu and Kashmir
Mohammad Amin Wani£
Department of Psychology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India.
JKSC-203

Abstract

The cardinal aim of the present study was to assess the level of social support, self-esteem, quality of life
and suicidal ideation among HIV/AIDS patients in Jammu and Kashmir State. Further, the study strived
to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables, and to investigate the influence
of independent variables on dependent variable. The study consists a sample of 460 AIDS patients selected
through purposive sampling technique, out of them 177 (38.3%) were male, 283 (61.5%) were female
patients; 295 (64.1%) were married and 165 (35.9%) were unmarried. Measures included Enriched Social
Support Inventory by Mitchell et al., (2003), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965), Quality of Life Scale by
Sharma & Nasreen (2014) and Suicidal Ideation Scale by Sisodia & Bhatnagar (2011). For the statistical
analysis of data Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency distribution, t-test, one-way analysis of variance,
linear regression, correlation analysis and Scheffe’s post hoc test was applied by through SPSS 20.0 version.
The findings illustrated that majority of patients have poor social support, lower self-esteem, poor quality
of life and moderate suicidal ideations; also, it reveals that patient’s social support, self-esteem and suicidal
ideations differs by age, family income, occupation, duration of illness, gender, and marital status.
However, their quality of life differs only by their age, family income, occupation, duration of illness, and
marital status. Also, the result shows social support, self-esteem, and quality of life was negatively
correlated with suicidal ideation. Simultaneously, social support, self-esteem and quality of life were
positively correlated; while the finding shows that suicidal ideation is influenced by social support, self-
esteem, and quality of life.

Keywords: Silk Worm Rearing, Cocoon Production, Multiple Cropping.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9103133348.
E-mail Address: mypsyresearch@outlook.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1001
Addiction to Self-Masturbation, Causes and Prevention
Measures: A Case Study
Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat£
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Kulgam, SKAUST, Kashmir, India.
JKSC-218

Abstract

Self masturburation is a common and ignored evil diverting the present generation of youngsters from
straight way of life. It is a condition in which a sexually matured individual stimulates the genitals
erotically often to undergo orgasm by oneself. It is different in males and females. In former, it involves
ejaculation which is stimulated by oneself and in later case it involves contraction of genitals. Besides
disadvantages it has some advantages as well but is mostly prohibited by top most religions of the world.
To became the addict of masturburation is a common activity prevailing in the present era and its
eradication is a challenging task. Some steps can be taken which could stop this activity to some extent.
However, it can not be eradicated completely but can be prevented to a great extent. In its prevention the
role of peers is of utmost importance. This may include councelling the addicts during critical times,
diverting their minds by providing them some modern and sophisticated technologies and likewise.
Addicts should be kept away from loneliness as far as possible. The other preventive measures include
marriage, legal relationship, listening to music, developing the sense of nationalism, attending religious
meetings, government policies, etc.

Keywords: Self masturburation Advantages, Disadvantages, Preventive Measures, Causes and Consequences.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9906549609.
E-mail Address: bhat.ishfaqok@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1002
Role of IEC in HIV/AIDS in Prevention and Control
Sabah Jan Wani£, Shazia Manzoor Wani
Department of Social Work, University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-371

Abstract

Information, education and communication (IEC) is one of the essential and effective components of an
AIDS prevention programme. When properly planned, it can prove to be very effective step to bring about
appropriate changes in behaviour, especially among populations with high risk behaviour. The pandemic
of Acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) poses a unique challenge to public health planners and
programme developers. AIDS is considered as one of the dreaded disease with no cure in sight. From the
start of HIV epidemic, the HIV- related stigma, discrimination and denial have fuelled the transmission
of HIV, impeding positive response to adequate care, support and treatment worldwide. It is very
important to know the behavioral patterns and their prevention methods to prevent AIDS. IEC is a broad
term comprising of range of approaches, activities and outputs. Although the most visible component of
IEC is frequently the materials produced and used, such as poster hanging on public walls, materials are
only one component. Effective IEC makes use of a full range of approaches and activities. This paper
endeavors to make an analysis of IEC in prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. The methodology to be
adopted for the present study will be of secondary in nature.

Keywords: IEC, HIV/AIDS, Stigma,Discrimination,Public Health.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 8803408636.
E-mail Address: sabahwani@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1003
Technological Interventions for Preventing and Treating
Substance Use Disorder in School, College and University
Students
Mudasir Rasool Mir£
Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-599

Abstract

In contemporary times, substance use disorder affect millions of school, college and university students
and being a serious public health problem, it imposes enormous costs on our society. To address this
problem, drug addiction research has grown in multiple directions concurrent with developments in
technological based interventions aimed at providing solutions in effective, consistent and sustainable
manner. The current study was carried out to review the status of technological based interventions in
the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder among students. This paper comprises a
systematic review of published technology based interventions evaluated in school, college and university
settings. Data was retrieved from various randomized trial and randomized controlled trial studies
searched through Pub Med. The sample comprised of students enrolled in schools, colleges and
universities. The intervention was either delivered by or accessed using a technological device or process
designed for preventing and treating substance use disorder among students. A total of 22 papers met the
inclusion criteria for the current study. The majority of the included papers examined alcohol use,
cannabis use, marijuana use, tobacco use, ecstasy use, cigarette smoking, opioid use, prescription drug
use and inhalant use was found in five different studies. 15 different types of technology based
interventions were applied in the studies which utilized a range of technology types including, computer
programs, Internet, tablets, laptops, and mobile phones. The interventions resulted in lower cumulative
proportion of cannabis use initiation and lower frequency of cannabis use, reduction in positive
expectations around alcohol, reduction in weekly alcohol consumption and decrease in psychosocial
problems, cannabis, and ecstasy use, lower rate of polydrug use and total drug use, increased the
likelihood of ending the substance abuse, abstinence from tobacco, increase in self esteem, problem
solving skills, substance use prevention knowledge, conflict management and substance refusal skills,
better self efficacy, and addressed the poor post treatment relapse rates. Technology based interventions
fill the critical gaps for preventing and treating substance use among students as these are appealing, cost
effective, deliver therapeutic content in a consistent and standardized manner, minimize burden on staff,
and can be tailored to different individuals and treatment settings.

Keywords: Students, Substance Use, Technological Interventions, Preventing, Treating.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 7889388169.
E-mail Address: mudasirku06@gmail.com

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1004
Health Service System Issues in TB Control and Access to
Healthcare in Armed Conflict Areas
Yasir Hamid Bhat£
Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-515

Abstract

The bulk of existing literature confirms that infectious diseases such as tuberculosis are directly linked
with socio-economic conditions such as poverty, income level, occupation, caste, etc. However, least
attention has been paid to better understand the impact of tuberculosis (both economically and socially)
on patients living in conflict areas. The conditions created by conflict forced the TB patients to remain at
the fringes of society and most often in abject poverty. At the same time, armed conflicts stall disease
control programs through the destruction of health infrastructure, the difficulties in providing healthcare
services and more importantly interruption of patient’s ability to seek health care. Consequently, the
population is exposed to health threats without access to proper healthcare and public services. In
addition to this, the poor socio-economic conditions foster and catalyze inequalities resulting in the
emergence of infectious diseases, their establishment, and rapid spread. Keeping in mind the context of
precarious nature of the conflict in the region, the present study attempts to explore how TB patients
negotiate their ways to meet their health needs at difficult times of their lives by understanding the
underlining contribution, or lack thereof, of a healthcare service in mitigating the suffering of TB patients.

Keywords: Armed Conflict, Tuberculosis, Access to Healthcare Services.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9864222243.
E-mail Address: yasu8001@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1005
Understanding the Role of Online Social Network
Technologies in Promoting Health
Nasrullah Bhat£1, Aamir Gul Matoo2
£,1
Department of Social Work , University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
2
Institute of Kashmir Studies , University of Kashmir,Srinagar, India.
JKSC-690

Abstract

Social networking is an offshoot of Internet business which provides platform for all kinds of products
and services. Many websites and applications have been created for the purpose from so many years.
Numerous social networking URLs are launched every year. The general advantage of these URLs allows
you to freely market your business anytime and anywhere. Social networking sites allows the user to access
the particular preferred sites. Social network technologies have become part of health education and
wider health awareness and promotion either by design or happenstance. Social support, peer pressure,
and information sharing in online communities may affect health behavior. If there are positive and
sustained effects, then social network technologies could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of many
public health campaigns. Social media alone, however, may be insufficient to promote health.
Furthermore, there may be unintended and potentially harmful consequences of inaccurate or misleading
health information. Given these uncertainties, there is a need to understand and synthesize the evidence
base for the use of online social networking as part of health promoting interventions to inform future
research and practice. The methodology to be adopted for the present study will be based on secondary
sources of data.

Keywords: Health, Internet, Social networking, Social media.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 7006821510.
E-mail Address: bhatnasrullah14@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1006
Analysing People's Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Disease
Affliction with Reference to Tuberculosis and Cancer in
Kashmir
Rubeena Akhter£, Saheel Hafiz Shah, Wakar Amin Zargar
Department of Social Work , University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-943

Abstract

Health and illness in contemporary societies has been subject of discussion from centuries back. Health
is the general condition of a person in all aspects of life. However, illness is a subjective phenomenon,
which may not be always physical, but can be mental, social and and psychological. Although,
Tuberculosis and Cancer are preventable and treatable, but its global burden remains enormous. These
are the major public health snags not only in India but also in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Although,
Government of India and the Government of Jammu and Kashmir are doing its best to situate a control
on these endemics, but still there are gaps in knowledge, which leads to chronic psychological distress
among survivors and leads a strong effect on patients' general health and treatment outcomes. Therefore,
the current study was undertaken in rural and urban settings of Kashmir with the objective of analysing
people's knowledge, attitudes and practice towards Tuberculosis and Cancer patients.

Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, Cancer, Tuberculosis, Jammu and Kashmir.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9796319307.
E-mail Address: lonerubeena123@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1007
Psychometric Evaluation of Mental Health Inventory
Developed by Davies, et al. (1998)
Zainab Qadri£, Shawkat Ahmad Shah
Department of Psychology , University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1068

Abstract

According to Satcher (2006), Mental health is a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which
an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet
the ordinary demands of everyday life. Many measures are being used to assess the mental health status
of an individual but most of the times the measures are used indiscriminately as proper psychometric
procedures are not followed. In this context, the present study aimed at assessment of different facets of
mental health among college students and carrying out the reliability and confirmatory factor analysis of
the mental health inventory adopted in the study. The sample comprised of 100 students taken from two
colleges i.e., Gandhi Memorial College and Women’s College of education, Srinagar. The data was
analyzed with the help of SPSS and AMOS software packages. As far as descriptive analysis is concerned,
it was found that majority of respondents fall in average category on various dimensions of mental health.
The reliability test that was conducted to assess the degree of consistency among the multiple
measurements of the variables indicated that reliability of different dimensions of mental health is almost
satisfactory as indicated by values falling near or beyond 0.60. While carrying out the confirmatory factor
analysis it was found that the model fit indices are almost within the acceptable ranges.

Keywords: Mental Health, Reliability, Factor Analysis.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9906764585.
E-mail Address: zainabqadri131@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1008
Personality Traits and Adherence to Medication in
Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus
Urooj Un Nisa£
Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1087

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious problem and self-management is effective factor for diabetes control. In
diabetes, self-management personality is one of the important factors. Limited research exists exploring
the relationship of personality traits on adherence behaviour. Since non-adherence is a major obstacle in
treating diabetes, the aim of this study was to determine whether personality traits are associated with
adherence to medication in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this cross sectional study, data were
collected from a purposive sample of 500 type 2 diabetic patients, using self-management and Big five
personality Scales. For data analysis Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Multiple linear regression
methods were used. Statistical analyses resulted in a negative relationship between Neuroticism and
medication adherence.

Keywords: Personality Traits, Adherence to Medication, Diabetes Mellitus.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9419708112.
E-mail Address: uruj.nisa@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1009
Understanding Personality: From the Perspective of an
Indigenous Psychology
Eshrat Ara£
Department of Psychology , University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1216

Abstract

Psychology as a discipline has been dominated by Western Psychology, and the psychology of 1% of the
population of the world is imposed on the rest of the world as universal knowledge. Though Cross-Cultural
Psychology has questioned the validity of many western theories and even methodology used, it limits
itself by searching for universals or etics that have culture specific or emic representations. It is time to
question the assumption that there are universals outside of cultural context. Indigenous psychological
research can help do that, and hence, this paper is about Indigenous Psychology, and specifically about a
variety of indigenous psychology-Islamic Psychology. Interest in Personality is as old as civilization. There
is much support that the non-western countries have much to offer in the domain of self psychology which
is subjective and applied. This paper is about personality and offers perspective from indigenous
perspective, which should offer some ideas to this area of research. It is hoped that psychologists and
other cultural and cross-cultural researchers would pay attention to the insights provided by the model,
and examine its relevance in light of existing theories.

Keywords: Psychology, Western Psychology, Cross-Cultural Psychology, Indigenous Psychology, Islamic Psychology.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9797825472.
E-mail Address: eshrataslam@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1010
Stigma and Help-Seeking Behavior: A Dilemma in Kashmir
Aehsan Ahmad Dar£1, Sibnath Deb2
,1
Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.
2
Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.
JKSC-1263

Abstract
Mental illness in majority of the societies carry a significant stigma or the mark of disgrace. People are reluctant to
seek help for mental disorders, especially professional help because of the stigma attached to it. Kashmir for its control
remained under the ongoing insurgency and political insecurity since 1947. The advent of liberation movement in
1989 changed Kashmir into armed conflict. Since then, Kashmiri people have been exposed to highly stressful events
such as firing, explosions, strikes and curfews, maltreatment, torture, forced labor, etc. The potential uprisings and
natural disasters also had devastating effects on its people, particularly in terms of mental and economical aspects.
Following adversity the major psychological disorders that can be developed include psychological distress,
depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc. Moreover, traumatic experiences can interfere with the
individual’s day-to-day activities, making them vulnerable to aggression, alcohol, substance abuse, and many other
similar behaviors. The mental aspect of health cannot be ignored while defining it but in practice, it is not given the
same weight or importance as the physical aspect. Even though the changes have occurred in Kashmir there is still
lack of potential programmes in addressing mental health issues. The challenges in addressing mental health issues
are manifold like the misinterpretation of mental illness with black magic and supernatural forces, the stigma
attached to mental illness prevent majority of the affected people to seek professional help. The present study suggests
formulating programmes to sensitize people about the development of mental disorders and their negative
repercussions. The relation between stigma and development of mental illness. And the potential benefits of
resilience, social support and various kinds of help-seeking behavior including professional help to lessen negative
outcomes of stressful life events. So that the people become capable to withstand in trauma and adversity, and move
towards growth and wellbeing. The proper implementation of government schemes, role of NGOs, and use of
technology in terms of online services, instant messages, and web portals can also be effective in making awareness
and addressing mental health issues.

Keywords: Kashmir, Stigma, Mental Illness, Help Seeking Behavior, Well Being.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 8300879048.
E-mail Address: aehsanbla@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1011
Universal Health Coverage for Sustainable Healthcare
Sheikh Aftaab Ul Maroof£
Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College, Bemina Srinagar, Srinagar, India.
JKSC-1449

Abstract

While setting the goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all, the United Nations in
2015 has placed an objective of achieving universal health coverage, including financial risk protection,
access to quality essential healthcare services. Universal Health Coverage Programs have been found to
be quite useful in restricting the poor households to use the inefficient strategies to cope up with the
adverse financial consequences of health shocks, and at the same time improve the healthcare utilization
by reducing the affordability constraints of access to healthcare. Universal Health Coverage programs
have played significant part towards contributing the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MGDs).
Health microinsurance by way of universal health coverage programs considers people under poverty and
provides them access to healthcare which is otherwise unaffordable to them. Catastrophic health
expenditures forces people to sell productive household assets, reduce essential food consumption and
even compels them to withdraw their children from educational institutions. By providing financial
protection, Universal health coverage is a way forward for achieving sustainability development in
healthcare together with playing a part in poverty eradication.

Keywords: Sustainability Development, Financial Protection, Healthcare Utilization, Millennium Development Goals.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9906459690.
E-mail Address: sheikhaftaabulmaroof@gmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1012
Psychometric Properties of Child Abuse Questionnaire
Rakshanda Ahad£, Shawkat Ahmad Shah
Dept of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Indai.
JKSC-325

Abstract

A child abuse questionnaire was developed, that can be used for adolescents and youth. Response was
sought from 307adolescents from various higher secondary schools on an initial item pool of 13 items
selected on basis of strong theoretical evidence and then exploratory was carried out to check the factor
structure. The findings revealed a three-factor structure comprising of physical abuse, emotional abuse
and sexual abuse dimensions and explained 49.561% of the variance. Cronbachs alpha of the standardized
items was found to be 0.74. The indigenously and psychometrically developed scale with twelve items
only is hoped to prove beneficial in the circumstances when tools with a large number of items are not
feasible to use.

Keywords: Child Abuse, Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, Sexual Abuse.

£
Presenting Author Tel.: +91 9086411148.
E-mail Address: rakshanda_ahad@rediffmail.com.

© 2018 Published by University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

1013
 Author Index
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
A. A. Balkhi 697, 713 Abdul Qayoom Dar 811, 876
A. A. Buhroo 19 Abdul Rashid Dar 113, 811
A. H. Akhand 244 Abdul Rashid Malik 129, 472, 473, 482
A. H. Munshi 180 Abdul Wadood 947
A. H. Wani 135 Abdul Wahid 645
A. Ishfaq 456 Abdullah Khan 836
A. J Dhami 243 Abdullah Mir 508, 512
A. K. Saxena 560 Abid Ali Khan 725
A. M. Ganai 207, 208, 209, 216, 231, 456 Abid Hussain Wani 600
A. R. Choudhury 445 Abid Ismail 608
A. R. Yousuf 205, 885 Abid Majeed 333
A. Rouf 776 Abida Khan 260, 455
A. Singh 403 Abrar Ahad Malik 228
A. W. Manzoor 537 Abrar Ahmad 512
Aabid Hussain Kar 386, 394 Abrar Ahmad Bhat 251
Aabid Hussain Shalla 493 Abrar Malik 454
Aabid M. Rather 167 Abubakar Wani 277
Aadil Abass Shah 807 Adfar Majid 740
Aadil Ahmad Bhat 840 Adfar Yousuf 344
Aadil Ahmad Lawaye 621 Adil Ahmad 954, 972
Aadil Ayaz 227 Adil Farooq Wali 396
Aadil Habib Mir 225 Adil Gani 770, 771, 772, 781
Aadil Hamid 903 Adil Ganie 955
Aadil Hussain Dar 516 Adil Hamid 894
Aadil Rasool 166 Adil Hamid Sofi 855
Aadil Tahir Shora 668 Adil Hussain Malik 508
Aadil Yousuf Tantray 118, 119, 367 Adil Rahsid 591
Aafreen Sakina 299 Adil Showkat 728
Aaliya Bhat 289 Adnan Abuakr 97
Aaliya Fayaz Bhat 244, 441 Adnan Abubakr 87, 91, 95, 854
Aamir Gul Matoo 1006 Adnan Qayoum 721, 724
Aamir H. Mir 36 Aehsan Ahmad Dar 1011
Aamir Hamid 251 Afaq Hameed Beigh 345, 352
Aamir Majeed 320, 322 Aflaq Hamid 21
Aaqib Anjum Reshi 679 Afnan Tariq Khan 984
Aaqib Iqbal 532 Afroza Akhter 113
Aarif Hussain 982 Afsah Iqbal 794
Aarifa Jan 58, 59 Afsah Iqbal Nahvi 767, 780
Aasha 229, 253 Afshan Naaz 300
Aasha Rana 49 Afshana Bala 132
Aashaq Hussain Bhat 49, 229, 253 Aftab Ahmad Bhat 855, 863, 894, 903
Aashiq Hussain Bhat 266, 281, 541 Ahlam Mushtaq 396
Aashiq Hussain Kuchy 887 Ahmad Farouk 551
Aasif Ahmad Sheikh 433 Ahmad Firdos 446
Aasif Mohmad Lone 839 Ahmar Khan 422, 423
Aasim Habib Wani 453 Ahmed Tauqeer Zahid 6
Aatifa Rasool 51, 897 Ahsan Ul Haq 822, 848
Aazima Shah 428, 444 Ahsan Ul Haq Lone 529
Ab Latif Wani 219 Aijaz A. Wani 114, 136, 139, 142, 143, 179
Ab Qayoom Sofi 610 Aijaz Ahmad Badyari 911
Ab Rashid Dar 637 Aijaz Ahmad Dar 487, 488, 498
Ab. Lateef Shah 36 Aijaz Ahmad Ganaie 267
Ab. Qayoom Sofi 604 Aijaz Ahmad Malla 528
Ab. Waheed Lone 629 Aijaz Ahmad Wani 154, 887
Abaas Ahmad 938 Aijaz Hassan Ganie 120, 140, 157, 163, 169
Abas Andrabi 247 Aijaz Malik 32
Abdul Aala Fazli 397 Aijaz. A. Wani 115
Abdul Ahad Buhroo 9, 31 Aiman Jan 663
Abdul Hai 244 Aiman Latif 709
Abdul Hamid Wani 68, 112, 129, 131, 140, 174, Aiman Salva Khan 812
482 Aimon Khan 980, 985
Abdul Hanan Khan 801 Ain Us Saba 924
Abdul Haseeb Shah 330 Ajay Kumar Dang 433
Abdul Malik 332 Ajaz A. Lone 582
Abdul Mueed Hafiz 644 Ajaz Ahmad Bhat 570

1015
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Ajaz Ahmad Dar 440, 562 Arshad Ahmad Lone 933
Ajaz Ahmad Parray 921 Arshad Ahmad Pandith 272
Ajaz Ahmed Wani 213 Arshad Hussain Bhat 756
Ajaz Hussain Mir 617 Arshad Hussain Shah 475
Ajaz Rasool Magray 18 Arshaq Asfar 436
Akash Ahmad Bhat 636 Arshed Iqbal Dar 341
Akbar Masood 266, 268, 281, 353 Arsheed Iqbal 347, 354
Akhlaq Amin Wani 865, 893 Arshid Bashir Dar 478, 483, 485
Akhtar Alam 816 Arshid H. Mughal 15
Akhtar Ali Khan 249 Arshid Iqbal 742
Alamgir Ahmed Dar 500 Arshid Iqbal Khan 682, 686
Ali Akbar 64 Arshid Jehanger 867
Ali Asghar Shah 203 Arshid Jehangir 856, 878, 896
Ali Mohd Najar 74 Arshid Jehangir Bhat 334
Aliya Fayaz 8 Arshid Nisar 672
Aliya Syed Malik 588 Arti Sharma 111
Alka Tiwari 241 Asad Niazi 803
Alok Chakrabarti 564 Asha Sohil 892
Altaf Ahmad 97, 118, 303, 367 Ashaq Ashraf 428
Altaf Ahmad Balkhi 44 Ashaq Hussain Dar 661
Altaf Ahmad Bhat 527 Ashiq Hussain Bhat 580
Altaf Ahmad Khan 119 Ashiq Hussain Lone 180
Altaf H. Pandith 475, 478, 483, 485, 497 Ashiq Hussain Rather 815
Altaf Hussain Mir 193, 250 Ashok kumar Chaubey 49, 50, 229, 253
Altaf Lone 830 Ashok Kumar Pandit 873, 891
Amal C. Mondal 357 Ashwini Kumar 91, 95
Amal Chandra Mondal 361 Asif Ahmad Bhat 722
Amatul Muhee 448, 449, 454 Asif Aziz Marazi 831
Ambreen Fatima 356 Asif B. Shikari 59
Ambreen Nabi 52 Asif Bashir Shikari 46
Ameer Azam 807 Asif Hassan Sofi 432
Amina Hassa 76 Asif Hussain 440
Amjad Husaini 299 Asif Iqbal Ahangar 554
Amjad M. Husain 304 Asif Iqbal Ahanger 550
Amreen Naqash 390, 399, 403, 404, 412, 420 Asif Iqbal Kawoosa 604, 630, 638
Amreen Nazir 759, 762 Asif Khurshid Qazi 345, 352
Anaum Chishti 726 Asif Mohd Itoo 422, 423
Anees Ahmad Shah 441 Asifa Ali 358, 603, 625, 754, 963, 973
Anees Un Nisa 159 Asifa Wali 77
Angrej Ali 54 Asima Hamid Mir 276
Angrez Ali 56 Asima Jan 781
Anil Kuma 500 Asima Nusrath 949
Anil Kumar 306 Asima Shah 772
Anil Kumar Gupta 606 Asiya Batool 302, 371
Anil Pawase 103 Asiya Jan 427, 450
Anil Singh 509 Asiya Ramzan Bhat 321, 331
Anirban Bhattacharya 703 Asma Absar Bhatti 901
Anita Grover 375 Asma Afzal Siddiqui 342
Anju Nigam 799 Asma Ahad 80, 87, 96, 96
Anjum Afshan 204 Asma Hamid 17, 35, 67, 757
Anoop Kumar Mishra 923 Asma Hamid Mir 3, 115
Anshika Tyagi 375 Asma Iqbal 731
Anu Chitikineni 69 Asma Irshad Qureshi 432
Anu Katoch 223 Asma Majid 46
Anuja Gupta 238, 259 Asma Rehman Ansari 270
Anwar Hassan 595 Asma Zafar 230, 899, 900
Anzar A Khuroo 157 Asmat Bashir 419
Anzar Ahmad Khuroo 163, 186 Asra Khurshid 442
Aparajita Raina 398, 409 Asra Nazir 589, 590
Aparna Shukla 829 Assadullah Sheikh 902
Aprajeeta Raina 595 Athar Ali 32
Aqib Rehman Magray 98 Athar Jan 312
Arif Bashir 272, 283, 889 Atif Rasool Kawoosa 340
Arif Bashir Wani 145, 178 Atul Sarangrao Renge 461
Arjumand Yousuf 790 Aubid Bashir 259
Arjun Sing 848 Awquib Sabhat 63
Arjun Singh 822, 842 Ayan ray 564
Arnold R. 904 Ayaz Ahmed 721
Arshad Abass 61 Ayaz Mohmood Dar 814, 837

1016
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Azhar Mushtaq 346 Bisma Teli 466
Azhar Yousuf 525 Bushra Nabi 142
Azmat Alam Khan 442 Bushra Nabi Parray 139
Azra Amin 858, 859 Bushra Nissar 271
Azra Bashir 73 Bushra Nissar Bhat 288
Azra Khan 66 Bushra Zaffer 452
Azra N. Kamili 126, 128, 134, 143, 156, 161, C.M. Tiwari 560
170, 171, 172, 304, 327, 335, Chandni Saha 381
853, 877, 887, 899 Charenjeet Singh 74
B. A. Bhat 79 Chetan Belwal 311
B. A. Ganai 899 D. Eckert 554
B. A. Wafai 117 D. M Kumawat 867
B. S. Abdur Rahman 805 D. M Makhdoomi 452
Baba Uqab 324 D. M. Patel 243
Babar Fayyad 173 D. Ravindran 637
Baseerat Afroza 23, 34, 52 D. V. Subba Rao 844
Basharat Ahmad Bhat 36, 186 Dalip K Kakru 323
Basharat Ahmad Want 547 Damase P Khasa 160
Basharat Bhat 227 Danish Rafiq 728
Basharat Hamid 878 Dar Rubiya 324, 326
Basharat Maqbool Wani 869 Darshan Kaur 409
Basharat Want 561, 566 Debnath Pal 283
Basharath Nabi 916 Deeba Aazfa 999
Bashir A. Ganai 128, 212, 374 Deelak Amin 41
Bashir A. Ganaie 130, 131, 482 Deep Narian Sahi 213
Bashir A. Lone 258, 260, 333, 455 Deepak Jhajharia 747
Bashir Ah. Ganai 234 Deepali Bhagat 297, 775
Bashir Ahmad Ganai 98, 271, 284, 288, 324, 326, Deepash Kothiwal 291
334, 372, 396, 465, 472, 473, Deepika Slathia 902
861, 864, 873, 889 Dhanalakshmi 635
Bashir Ahmad Ganaie 129 Dharam Pal Phatak 406
Bashir Ahmad Lone 935 Dheeraj Sharma 222
Bashir Ahmad Sheer Gojri 873 Dibya Jyoti Bora 606
Bashir Ahmed Ganai 194 Dietrich Stephan 221
Bazila Naseer 768 Dil Afroze 314, 344
Bhagyashree Dhekale 7, 48 Durdana Shah 143, 171, 327, 335
Bhagyashree Dhekele 573 Durjoy Roy 656
Bhinish Shakeel 792 Efath Shahnaz 25
Bikram Singh 69 Ehtishamul Haq 365
Bilal Ahmad Khan 982 Ejaz A. Parray 40
Bilal A Tali 157 Eshrat Ara 1010
Bilal A. Bhat 198, 786 Eugenia P. Lal 180
Bilal A. Malik 663 F. A. Baba 456
Bilal A. Mir 447 F. A. Bhat 74, 80, 87, 96
Bilal A. Wani 344 F. A. Lone 243, 865, 870, 886, 893
Bilal Ahamad Bhat 464 F. A. Masoodi 761, 764, 765, 769, 770, 771,
Bilal Ahmad 960 773, 778, 781
Bilal Ahmad Beigh 891 F. A. Nehvi 16
Bilal Ahmad Bhat 80, 83, 87, 91, 95, 96, 225, F. A. Shah 79
235, 236, 237, 431, 581, 586, F. A. Shah Khan 782
603, 754, 755, 974 F. Mushtaq 56
Bilal Ahmad Chat 530 Faheem A. Shiekh 801
Bilal Ahmad Dar 453, 454, 479, 535 Faheem Ahmed Malik 37
Bilal Ahmad Ganaie 495, 541 Faheem Shafi 710
Bilal Ahmad Lone 123, 158 Faheema Mushtaq 23, 30, 32, 38
Bilal Ahmad Malik 545, 664 Fahim Bashir 889
Bilal Ahmad Pandow 962 Fahima Gul 133
Bilal Ahmad Para 583 Faisal Nabi 38
Bilal Ahmad Rather 524 Faizan Danish 569
Bilal Ahmad Tali 120, 163 Faizan Danish Khaleel 474
Bilal Ahmad Wani 514 Faizana Fayaz 406
Bilal Ahmed Bhat 77 Falak Mushtaq 249
Bilal Maqbool Beigh 631 Falaq Naz 356
Bilal Rah 344 Falaque Ul Afshan 271, 288
Biman B. Nath 554 Farah Farooq Shah 996
Bisma Ashraf Zargar 755 Farhana Maqbool 184
Bisma Gull 446 Farhana Mustafa 682, 742
Bisma Kashani 428, 444 Farhat Pandit 329
Bisma Malik 188 Farhat Roohi 676

1017
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Farheen Fayaz 745 Gazanfar Ahmad 383
Farkhandah Jan 33 Gazanfar Ahmad Dar 398
Farooq Ahmad Dar 141 Gazi Imtiyaz 646
Farooq Ahmad Khan 960 Gazunfor Ali 477
Farooq Ahmad Khanday 666, 667, 668, 670, 672, 683, Gh Jeelani 821, 841
684, 698, 699, 702 Gh Jeelani Mir 270
Farooq Ahmad Lone 871 Gh Jeelani Raja 764
Farooq Hussain Bhat 558 Gh. Hassan Dar 117
Farooz Ahmad Bhat 75, 79, 83, 91, 95, 106, 196, Gh. Jeelani 830
204 Ghazala Ambrin 118, 119, 367
Faroz Ahmad Ahanger 868 Ghazala Anjum 558
Farukh Mehraj 441 Ghazia Shah 373
Farwah Fatima 613 Ghulam Ahmad Parray 46
Fasel Qadir 602, 609 Ghulam Ashraful Harmain 738
Fasil Ali 273 Ghulam Hassan Yatoo 386
Fasil Ali Wani 282 Ghulam M. Bhat 822, 842, 848
Fasil Qayoom Mir 721 Ghulam M. Peerzada 490, 491
Fayaz 891 Ghulam Mohd Rather 487
Fayaz Ahmad 320 Ghulam Mohiuddin Bhat 644
Fayaz A. Lone 39 Ghulam Mohuddin Bhat 663, 664, 676, 694, 697
Fayaz Ahmad 93, 200, 206, 215, 226, 322, Ghulam Mohuidin Bhat 735
352, 862, 904 Ghulam Mustafa Shah 230
Fayaz Ahmad Bhat 81, 98, 455 Ghulam Nabi Bader 420
Fayaz Ahmad Dar 168 Ghulam Nabi Dar 559
Fayaz Ahmad Khan 606 Ghulam Nabi Lone 272
Fayaz Ahmad Lone 117 Ghulam Nabi Najar 875
Fayaz Ahmad Malla 10 Gita Devi 459
Fayaz Ahmad Misgar 58 Gousia Jeelani 234
Fayaz Ahmad Najar 547 Gousia Nissar 333
Fayaz Ahmed 224, 225 Gousul Nisa Sheikh 9, 31
Fayaz Malik 279 Gower Bilal Wani 76
Fayeem Aadil 144 Gowhar Ahmad Shapoo 120
Fayma Mushtaq 947 Gowhar Ali 21, 62
Fazlul Qadir Parray 340 Gowhar Hamid Dar 881
Feroz Ahmad Bhat 92 Gowher Ahmad Wani 160
Feroz Ahmed Shah 77 Gowher Bashir Vakil 542, 547
Firdoos Yousuf 578 Gowher Gull Sheikh 207, 231
Firdose Ahmad Malik 22, 63 Gowher H. Rather 545
Firdous A. Khanday 305, 309, 313 Gul Faroz Ahmad Malik 666, 667
Firdous Ahmad Dar 445 Gulab Khan Rohela 126
Firdous Ahmad Khanday 278 Gulam Jeelani Dar 98, 199
Fiza Parvez Khan 340 Gulnawaz Gani 602
Fizalah Kawoosa 345, 352 Gulnaz Bashir 323
Fouzia Panjabi 349 Gulzar A. Rather 111
Fouzia Rashid 268, 280, 391 Gulzar Ahmad Bhat 415
Fozia Shafi 70 Gulzar Ahmad Khan 14, 189
Furqan Zahoor 689 Gulzar Hussain 822
G. A. Bhat 853, 856, 884 Gurpreet Singh 501
G. A. Harmain 719 H. A. Ahmad 207, 208, 209, 216, 231
G. Ahmad Bhat 201 H. M. Barakat 513
G. G. H. A. Shadab 219 Haamid Bashir 353
G. G. Sheikh 207, 208, 209, 216, 231, 456 Habiba Kausar 118, 119, 367
G. Gheelani Qureshi 694 Hafiz Ul Lah 480
G. I. Hassan 40 Hafiza Ahsan 24, 759
G. M. Bhat 742 Hafsa Javeed 80, 96
G. M. Mir 44, 697, 713 Hafsa Javeed Reshi 91, 95
G. M. Peerzada 460, 496 Hafsah Jan 651
G. M. Rather 933, 937, 946 Haider Ali Quraishi 347, 354
G. N Bader 399 Hakim Farooq Ahmad 816
G. N. Bader 242, 379, 390, 403, 404, 411, Hakim Miland 103
412, 418, 421 Hakim Mudasir Maqsood 228
G. N. Dar 808 Hameem Mushtaq 236, 431
Gajanan Chandrakant Upadhye 461 Hameem Mushtaq Wani 237
Gauri D. Bajju 459 Hamidullah Wani 969
Gazala Jaffri Mir 181 Haris Abrar Kashmiri 964
Gazala Nazir 57, 573 Haris Rasool Beigh 449
Gazala Nisar 791 Harmeet Singh 938, 943, 945
Gazala Qazi 874 Haroon Rasheed Naik 70
Gazala Rashid Zargar 690 Haroon Rashid Ahmad 14, 189

1018
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Haroon Rashid Naik 762, 768, 779 Iqbal Ahmed Hakim 953
Harpreet Kaur 257 Iqra BasharatQureshi 756
Hashair Nabi 610 Iqra Beigh 344
Hasham S Sofi 801 Iqra Farooq Wani 106
Hasnain Ali 961 Iqra Hussain Shah 325
Heena Jalal 430 Iqra Nazir 89
Heerah Eijaz 333 Iqra Saraf 640
Hema Achyuthan 839 Iqra Shafi Bhat 959
Henah Mehraj Balkhi 853 Iqram Ul Haq 198, 206
Henna Wani 428, 429, 438 Iram Abdullah 215
Hidayatullah Tak 211, 215, 247, 260, 431 Iram Ali 829
Hidyatullah Tak 246 Iram Ashaq Kawa 268, 280
Hilal A. Ganaie 130 Iram Ashraf Qazi 150
Hilal A. Ganie 522 Iram Ayoob 492, 494
Hilal Ahmad 17, 35, 757 Iram Farooq Shah 75
Hilal Ahmad Bhat 15 Iram Fayaz 490, 491
Hilal Ahmad Ganie 524, 531 Iram Imtiyaz 988
Hilal Ahmad Khanday 599 Iram Khurshid 214
Hilal Ahmad Mir 309 Irfan Ahmad Shah 359
Hilal Ahmad Punoo 758, 760 Irfan Ahmed 92
Hilal Ahmad Reshi 544, 565 Irfan Ahmed Noorani 261
Hilal Ahmad Tantry 984 Irfan Gu 362
Hillal Ahmad Bhat 182 Irfan Gul 358
Hina Mushtaq 334 Irfan Illahi 868
Hufsa Manzoor Bhat 627 Irfan Jamila 205
Huma Shafiq 957 Irfan Maqbool Bhat 844
Humaira Qadri 858, 881 Irfan Nisar Ahangar 323
Humara Fayaz Darzi 115 Irfan R 916
Humera Imtiaz 194 Irfan Rashid 132, 147, 162, 823, 828, 840,
Humira Jeelani 268, 280, 286 847, 907, 908, 912, 913, 915,
Humirah Majeed 691 917, 920, 921, 926
Hummara Azim 785, 787, 788, 792 Irfan Ul Akhoon 973
Hussain Mohammad 446 Irfan Ul Haq Akhoon 625, 963
I. J. Singh 102 Irfan-ur-Rauf Tak 212, 374
Ibraq Khurshid 320, 322, 862 Irfana Amin Qureshi 113
Ibraq Khurshid Wani 81, 206 Irfana Reshi 370
Idrees Ahmed Wani 774 Irfana Showqi 886
Idrees Mehraj Allaie 439, 440 Irshad A. Nawchoo 157, 167, 184, 899
Ieeba Khan 899, 900 Irshad Ahmad Bhat 555, 940
Ifat Asharaf 454 Irshad Ahmad Nawchoo 163
Ifat Ashraf 443 Irshad Ahmad Rather 67, 115
Ifat Rasheed Zargar 690 Irshad Ahmad Sofi 162
Ifra Ashraf 37 Irshad Ahmad Wani 806
Ifra Mushtaq 344 Ishfaq A. Lone 777
Ifrah Afzal 708 Ishfaq Abidi 66
Iftikhar Hussain Bhat 990 Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat 148, 1002
Ilyas Noor Bhatti 556 Ishfaq Ahmad Dar 534
Imaan Ashraf 754 Ishfaq Ahmad Lone 435
Immad Shah 582 Ishfaq Ahmad Shah 595
Imran Khan 170, 582 Ishfaq Ahmad Wani 159
Imtiaz Ahmed 76, 84, 85, 86, 88, 104 Ishfaq Majid Hurrah 301
Imtiaz Ahmed Khan 99 Ishfaq Makayei 719
Imtiyaz A. Shah 513 Ishfaq Mohi Ud Din Bhat 734
Imtiyaz Ahmad 823, 828 Ishfaq Nazir Wani 225
Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat 448, 449, 454 Ishfaq Rasool Gujree 932
Imtiyaz Ahmad Parvez 840 Ishfaq Sultan 707
Imtiyaz Ahmad Shah 513 Ishrak Husain 447
Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani 183 Ishrat Ashraf 745
Imtiyaz Murtaza 11, 53 Ishrat Bashir 858, 859
Inam Sabha 855, 903, 910 Ishrat Mohammad Dar 83
Inayatullah Tahir 114, 133, 164, 166, 168, 177, Ishtiaq Ahmad Mayer 935, 936, 942, 944
188, 321, 330, 331 Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi 676
Insha Afzal Baba 442 Ishtiyaq Ahmad 84, 85, 88, 104
Insha Amin 447 Ishtiyaq Rafiqi 743
Insha Mushtaq 412 Isma Habib 681
Insha Yousuf Mir 9, 31 Issmat Shah Masoodi 701
Insha Zahoor Hussaini 365 Izharuddin 647
Inshah Din 353 J. Ravi Kiran 872
Iqbal Ahmad Hakeem 6 J. A. Sheikh 663, 694

1019
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
J. I. Chishti 32 Khairul Nisa 170
J. I. Mir 59 Khalid Bashir Dar 266, 281
Jagdeep Verma 176 Khalid Bashir Mir 401
Jagmohan Singh 751 Khalid Iftikhar 467
Jagvir Dixit 42, 736 Khalid Majid 290
Jahangeer A. Baba 27 Khalid Majid Fazili 283, 370
Jahangir A. Akhoon 658, 674 Khalid Omar Murtaza 834
Jahangir A. Koka 135 Khalid Rasool Dar 54
Jahangir A. Rather 761, 767 Khaliquz Zaman Khan 463, 465, 472, 473
Jahangir Abdullah Koka 68, 112 Khaoula Khouzami 397
Jahangir Ahmad Butt 686 Khuban Lateef 681
Jahangir Ahmad Dar 235 Khurshed Ahmad Shah 666
Jahangir Koka 140 Khursheed Aalum 183
Janak Singh Tara 195 Khursheed Ahmad Bhat 479
Janeesa Nabi 23 Khursheed Ahmad Parrey 803
Jasdeep Chatrath Padaria 332 Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh 414
Jasfeeda Qadir 120 Khurshid Ahmad Bhat 579
Jasia Bashir 847 Khurshid Ahmad Butt 962
Jasir Mushtaq 876 Khurshid Ahmad Tariq 232, 239
Javad 828 Khurshid I. Andrabi 121, 272, 302, 314, 371, 373
Javaid A. Sheikh 658, 673, 674, 682, 693, 695, Khushboo Qureshi 678
708, 711, 714, 742 Khushnuma Maqbool 762
Javaid Ahmad 114 Khushoo 339
Javaid Ahmad Bhat 284 Kirti Avishek 812
Javaid Ahmad Sheikh 739 Kousar Jan 84, 88
Javaid Ahmad Tali 949 Kouser Parveen Wani 38, 56
Javaid Iqbal 640, 642 Kuldeep Singh Charak 509
Javaid Iqbal Chishti 30 Kulsum Ahmad Bhat 230, 899, 997
Javaid Iqbal Chisti 38 KumarGupta 381
Javaid Rashid 989 Labiba Riyaz Shah 34, 52
Javaid Rasool 314 Laishram R Singh 279
Javed Jeelani 349 Lateef Ahmad Malik 478, 485
Javeed Ahmad 974 Latief Ahmad 42, 60
Javeed Ahmad Lone 871 Latief Malik 388
Javeed Ahmad Rather 58, 815, 945 Lone Rafiya Majeed 861
Javeed Ahmad Tantray 369 Loveneesh Talwar 729
Javeed I. A. Bhat 859 Lubna Ahad 700
Javeed Iqbal Reshi 706, 707 Lubna Malik 678
Javid A. Parray 128, 255 Luqman A. Khan 315
Javid Ahmad 823 M. H. Balkhi 74
Javid Ahmad Banday 476 M. A. Bhat 185
Javid Ahmad Dar 840 M. A. Islam 782
Javid Jamal 826 M. A. K. Baig 584, 585
Jeelani Gh. 835 M. A. Kawa 451
Jehangir A Koka 129 M. A. Khan 33, 757, 870
Jehangir Shafi Dar 212 M. A. Khanday 518, 529
John Mohd War 174 M. A. Khuroo 470
Junaid Hassan Masoodi 719 M. A. Malik 63
Junaid Latief Shah 646 M. A. Manto 28
Junaid Majeed Bhat 551 M. A. Parray 41
Junaid N. Khan 42 M. A. Rather 435
Juneed Iqbal 631 M. A. John 445
K. Asokan 545 M. Anwar Khan 3
K. M. Bhat 51, 59, 897 M. Arora 704
K. Massarat 445 M. Ashraf Bhat 21, 33
K. P. Wani Faheema 34 M. Ashraf Ganie 280
K. S. Kuppusamy 608 M. Ashraf Pal 432
K.A. Sofi 243 M. F. Wani 732
Kaifa Nazim 443 M. Farooq Mir 564
Kaisar Ahmad 511 M. H. Balkhi 79, 80, 87, 96
Kaisar Ahmad Allie 203 M. H. Gulzar 519
Kaiser Bukhari 814, 837 M. I. S. Saggoo 136
Kamal Hassan Bulbul 439 M. Jamal Ahmad 13
Kamran Nissar 284 M. Maqbool Lone 389
Kanwal Nain Singh 12 M. Masroor Alam 836
Kashoo Zahid 446 M. Nandhini 643
Kawsar Fatima 592 M. Nayyar 214
Keyur Panara 385 M. Rafiq Beigh 657, 669, 688
Khafiza Ahsan 24 M. S. Pukhta 582

1020
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
M. Sultan Bhat 816, 933, 937 Masood Ul Hassan Balkhi 73, 75, 77, 78
M. T. Banday 442 Masood Ur Rahman 476, 477, 492, 494
M. Tahir 757 Masood-ul-Hassan Balkhi 83, 91, 92, 95, 854
M. Tariq Banday 618, 645, 648, 657, 661, 662, Masrat Kareem 142
665, 669, 675, 677, 678, 688, Masrat Kareem Dar 139
698, 701, 706, 707, 709, 710 Masrat Maswal 498
M. Y. Bhat 135 Masrat Nabi 861
M. Y. Zargar 327 Masud Kawsar 836
M. Z. Chishti 374, 455 Md Balal Siddiqui 671
M.Jamal Ahmad 214 Md Meraj Ahmad 968
M.P. Sharma 125 Md Niamat Ali 196, 204, 366
Madeeha Untoo 442 Md. Isfaqul Hussain 435
Madhu Ram 507 Md. Niamat Ali 73, 78, 201, 249, 368
Madiha Niyaz 293 Meenu Katoch 501
Madiha Showkat 714 Megha Gupta 860
Mafoka Fayaz 766 Meghali Baruah 827
Magray Suhail 446 Mehak Shafi 678
Mahak Majeed Zargar 202 Mehbbob ul Amin 695
Mahak Masoodi 345, 352 Mehboob Ali 626
Mahboob Ul Hussain 293, 308 Mehboob Rashid Bhat 551
Maheen 932 Mehboob ul Amin 693
Maheen Javaid Khan 863 Mehlath Shah 726
Mahindar Thudi 69 Mehnaz Rashid 995
Mahino Fatima 357, 361 Mehnaza Manzoor 751
Mahpara Mukhtar Kashtwari 139 Mehraj Bashir 226
Mahpara Qadir 484 Mehraj Ud Din Bhat 476
Mahreen Saeem 614 Mehraj Ud din Khanday 40
Mahroof Khan 149 Mehraj Ud Din Rather 561, 566
Mahroofa Jan 184 Mehraj Ul Maqbool 258
Majeed Shafqat 446 Mehraj-u-din Shah 52
Majid H. Koul 728 Mehraj-ul-din Shah 179
Malik A. Waseem 464 Mehrajuddin Naikoo 243, 451
Malik Asif 39 Mehrajuddin Talie 174
Malik Munazah 932 Mehrajudin Shah 30, 32, 38, 56
Malik Suhail 358 Mehvish Mushtaq Wani 770
Malik Zubair Ahmad 838 Mekhla Ratna Suseela 871
Manasha Saqib 639 Merajudin Dar 15
Manoj K. Dhar 167 Midhar Fayaz 828
Manooj Kumar 636 Midhat Fayaz 840
Manotosh Biswas 656 Midhat Fazil 726
Mansoor Ahmad 983 Midhyat Fayaz 823
Mansoor Ahmad Dar 971 Mili Ghosh Nee Lala 947
Mansoor Ali 64 Mir Aijaz Ahmad 748
Manzoor A. Malik 550, 562 Mir Aman Sheheryar 607
Manzoor A. Mir 447 Sheheryar
Manzoor A. Shah 132, 134, 187 Mir Firdosa Yousf 833
Manzoor Ahamd Shah 169 Mir Hilal Ahmad 357, 361
Manzoor Ahmad Dar 358 Mir Khurshid Iqbal 272
Manzoor Ahmad Kawa 448, 449 Mir MehrajUd Din 723
Manzoor Ahmad Malik 541, 545, 558 Mir Nadeem Hassan 325
Manzoor Ahmad Mir 220, 240 Mir Nazish 662
Manzoor Ahmad Paray 65 Mirza Abdul Khalique Baig 580
Manzoor Ahmad Shah 160 Mirza Tariq Beg 671
Manzoor Ahmad Wani 936 Misbah 271
Manzoor Ahmed Shah 151 Misbah Majid 288
Manzoor Malik 554 Misbah Raj 912
Manzoor Mir 202 Misbah Shah 370
Maqbool Yousuf 814, 837 Mishra R. M. 904
Maqsood Mohd Hurrah 379 Mohamad Ahtisham Wani 622
Mariya 700 Mohamad Aneesul Mehmood 883
Mariya Shafat 669 Mohammad Afaan Fazili 116
Marofull Nisa 319 Mohammad Afzal Zargar 272, 274, 281
Maroof Ahad 911 Mohammad Ahsan Chishti 620, 628
Masarat Jan 196 Mohammad Akbar Dar 402
Mashooq Ahmad Dar 43, 434 Mohammad Amin Wani 1001
Masood A Rizvi 477 Mohammad Aneesul 881
Masood Ahmad Rizvi 469 Mehmood
Masood Saleem Mir 440, 444 Mohammad Anis 300, 303
Masood Tanvir 421 Mohammad Ashraf Shah 549

1021
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Mohammad Faizan Bhat 400 Moieza Ashraf 893
Mohammad Farooq Mir 94, 233, 238, 241, 259 Moin Uddin 127
Mohammad Ishaq Geer 350, 382, 388, 405, 416, 417, Moni Gupta 69, 276
419 Monica Reshi 70, 776
Mohammad Lateef 232, 239 Moonisa Aslam Dervash 865, 881
Mohammad Maqbool Dar 360 Mosin Saleem Khan 293
Mohammad Maqbool Darzi 77, 428 Mrinal Kanti Ghosh 14, 189
Mohammad Mudasir Magray 30 Mubashir Ahmad Kharadi 666, 667
Mohammad Muzammil 725 Mubashir H. Masoodi 408
Mohammad Najeeb Mughal 26, 27 Mubashir Hussain Masoodi 383, 384, 387, 396, 400, 402,
Mohammad Qasim 649 413, 414
Mohammad Rafiq Wani 113 Mubashir Qayoom 808
Mohammad Saleem 821 Mucksood Ahmad Ganaie 175
Mohammad Shafi Mir 746 Mudabir Ajaj Peerzada 729
Mohammad Sultan Allai 288 Mudasar Ahmad Ganai 804
Mohammad Sultan Bhat 941 Mudasar Ganaie 130
Mohammad Yaseen Mir 126, 128, 255, 877 Mudasar Nabi 269, 289, 290
Mohammad Yasir Arafat 217 Mudaser Ahmad Mir 146
Mohammad Zaid Zaz 553 Mudasir A Tantry 212
Mohammad Zehab Din 719 Mudasir A. Magray 52
Mohammd Rafiq 923 Mudasir A. Rather 777
Mohammed Wasid 633 Mudasir A. Tantry 482
Mohd Aadil Bhat 823 Mudasir A. Tantray 465
Mohd Akbar Dar 408 Mudasir Ahmad 152, 771, 832
Mohd Altaf Wani 33 Mudasir Ahmad Bhat 918
Mohd Anwar Khan 35 Mudasir Ahmad Dar 187, 675, 701
Mohd Ashraf Bhat 69 Mudasir Ahmad Mir 481, 760
Mohd Ashraf Mir 927 Mudasir Ahmad Tantray 472, 473
Mohd Ashraf Bhat 3, 35, 115 Mudasir Ali 429, 438
Mohd Ashraf Ganaie 391 Mudasir Hafiz Khan 16
Mohd Ashraf Ganie 269 Mudasir Manzoor Kirmani 634
Mohd Ashraf Wani 967 Mudasir Maqbool 380, 382, 417
Mohd Awas 76, 898 Mudasir Maqsood 103
Mohd Feroz 195 Mudasir Mohd 616
Mohd Isafaqul Hussain 453 Mudasir Raja 977
Mohd Ishaq Geer 391 Mudasir Rasool Mir 1004
Mohd Javid Dar 586 Mudassir Nazir 978
Mohd Murtaza 366 Muddasir Jan 99
Mohd Muzamil 958 Mueed Rasool Bhat 730
Mohd Saleem Dar 307 Muhammad Muzamil Kumar 650
Mohd Shahanbaj Khan 805 Muheet Ahmed Butt 619
Mohd Sharjeel Sofi 855 Muheet Mir 443
Mohd Skinder Bhat 873 Mujtaba Yousuf Kathjoo 698
Mohd Tahir 35 Mukhtar Sofi 643
Mohd Umar John Dar 646 Munazah Mehraj 70
Mohd Urfan 153 Munazah Sidiq 769
Mohd Yaqub Bhat 68, 112, 174 Muneeb A. Wani 40
Mohd Yaseen Gudoo 238 Muneeba Shafi Shah 329, 740
Mohd Yusuf Yasin 720 Muneer Ahmad 28, 41
Mohd. Maqbool Darzi 98 Muneer Ahmad Dar 632, 641
Mohd. Aadil 828 Muneer Wani 867
Mohd. Abdullah Mir 523 Muneesa Shafi Shah 740
Mohd. Anwar Khan 17 Muneesa shafid 329
Mohd. Ashraf Bhat 17, 67, 757 Muniza Manzoor 230, 997
Mohd. Maqbool Reshi 249 Murtaza Imtiyaz 681
Mohd. Saleem Lone 510 Musavir Hassan 619
Mohd. Tahir 17 Musharaf Gul 82, 870
Mohd. Warish 803 Mushtaq A. Kumar 933
Mohi Durakshan Durakshan 386 Mushtaq A. Malik 39
Mohmad Imran Bhat 520 Mushtaq A. Wani 359
Mohmad Imran Ganaie 944 Mushtaq Ahmad 345
Mohmad Muzafar Sheikh 211, 251 Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat 493
Mohmmad Ilyas Bhat 21 Mushtaq Ahmad Rather 349
Mohmmad Munib 61 Mushtaq Ahmad Teli 26
Mohmmad Shafi Mir 734 Mushtaq Ahmad Wani 55
Mohsin Ahmad Ahanger 835 Mushtaq Ahmed Chattoo 30, 32, 38, 56
Mohsin Ahmad Bhat 502 Mushtaq Ambreen Nabi 34
Mohsin Ahmad Hajam 40 Mushtaq Mohammad Bhat 351
Mohsin Ali 195 Mussadiq Hussain Qureshi 550

1022
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Mussaraf Hussain Shah 334, 866 Nazia Baba 751
Mustafa Hameed Bhat 915 Nazia Kowser 825
Mustafa Majeed 910 Nazia Nisar 762
Mustahson F. Fazili 211, 225, 226, 235, 236, 237 Nazima Nazir 325, 563
Muttahir Hussain 722 Nazima Rashid Shah 890
Muzafar Ahmad Bhat 265, 274, 292 Nazima Rasool 169
Muzafar Akbar Rather 145, 178 Nazir A. Loan 658
Muzaffar A Kichloo 892 Nazir Ahmad 39
Muzaffar Ahmad Boda 549 Nazir Ahmad Dar 200, 278
Muzaffar Ali Andrabi 77, 888 Nazir Ahmad Ganai 4, 54, 227
Muzaffar Gani 682 Nazir Ahmad Sofi 634
Muzaffar Iqbal Khan 799 Nazir Ahmed Loan 674
Muzaffar Qadir Lone 551 Nazish Nazir 143, 327
Muzamil Amin 922, 924 Naziya Khurshid 230, 997
Muzamil Bashir 94 Neelam Chaudhary 29
Muzamil Farooq 344 Neelam Maharshi 291
Muzamil Hussan 694 Neelam Saleem Khan 620
Muzamil Sidiq 76 Neelu Raina 297, 775
Mysara Majeed 135 Neeraj Choudhary 69
N. A. Lala 44, 713 Neeraj Tripathi 691, 715, 737
N. Sunitha 882 Neha Bharti 304
N. Pandey 827 Neha Mahajan 462
N. A. Sofi 44 Nighat Mushtaq 881
N. A. Tufani 448 Nighat Un Nissa 200
N. Ahmed 58 Nilofer Khan 789, 791
N. Pandey 849 Ningthoukhongjam 102
N. Singh 227 Soranganba
N. Vishal 381 Nisar 408
Nadeem Akbar Najar 738 Nisar A Dangroo 470
Nadeem Bashir 490, 491, 496 Nisar Ahmad Khan 393, 394, 395, 397, 422, 423
Nadeem Bashir Ganaie 460 Nisar Ahmad Rather 581
Nadeema Rafiq Bhat 339 Nisar Ahmad Shah 360
Naeema Jan 753 Nisar Ahmad Wani 980, 981
Nafee Maqbool 320, 322 Nisar Ahmed Khan 401, 407
Nafeesa Bashir 587, 594 Nisar A. Rather 532, 534
Nafeesa Farooq Khan 20 Nissar Ahmad Dar 392
Nafiya Qadir 758 Nissar Ahmad Wani 173
Nageena Nazir 7, 48, 57, 572, 573, 574 Nissar Ahmed 542
Naheed Vaida 789 Niyaz A. Dar 16
Nahida Ali 914 Noureen Khurshid 37
Nahida Hassan 561 Nowsheen Shameem 255
Nahida Tabassum 379, 383, 389, 418 Nusrat 755, 786
Naiem Ahmad Wani 501 Nusrat Ahmad 135
Naila Irshad Shah 788 Nusrat Nabi Khan 430, 437
Naira Ashraf 893 Nusrat Parveen 667
Najeeb Rehman Sofi 46 Nusrat Shafi 503
Najimaana Wani 430, 437, 777 Nuzhat Nazir 561
Namrata Sharma 181 Nuzhat Shaheen 271
Naqeebul Islam 45 Nuzhat Shaheen Khan 288
Nargis Yousf 24 O. P. Pandey 543
Naseer Ah Mir 451 Om Kanwar Hooda 433
Naseer Ahmad Mir 436, 449 Om Parkash Pandey 800, 802
Naseer Hussain Shah 113 Omar 700
Nasheeman Ashraf 137, 138 Omar Bin Hameed 753
Nasir N. Hurrah 658, 674 Omar J Shah 293
Nasir Nisar 389 Omar Mohammad Shafi 355
Nasreena Sajjad 274, 277, 292 Omi Laila 11, 53
Nasrullah Bhat 1006 Ommer Bashir 486
Nasseb Singh 500 Op Gusain 82
Nassima Chanda 340 Ovaid Javed Wani 917
Naveed Gulzar 125 Ovais Ahmad Zargar 274
Naveed Nabi 76 Ovais Gulzar 724
Naveeda Ali 891 Ovais Shabir Shah 450
Nayeema Jabeen 23, 30, 792 Ovais Zargar 292
Nayr Azim 245 Ovass Shafi Zargar 604, 610, 630, 638
Nazakat Idrees Khan 637 Owais Ahmed 956
Nazia 285 Owais Shabir Shah 427
Nazia Abbas 301 Oyas A. Asimi 87
Nazia Akhtar 987 Oyas Asmi 79

1023
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Ozaifa Kareem 421 Rafia Maqbool 77
P. K. Sahu 7 Rafiq A. Shah 130
P. Mishra 7 Rafiq Ahmad Shahardar 439
Padma Dechan 499 Rafiq Hussain Andrabi 943
Palaq 93, 261 Rafiq. A. Shahardar 212
Pankaj Gupta 462 Rafiqa Eachkoti 287
Pankaj Kumar 839 Raheel Shafeeq Khan 3
Pankaj Kumar Srivastava 846 Rahul 356
Parmil Kumar 892 Raiees Raja 201
Partha Pratim Sarkar 655, 703 Raies A. Qadri 167
Parvaiz Ahmad 938 Raihana Kanth 60
Parvaiz Ahmad Bhat 938 Raja M. Iqbal 451
Parvaiz Ahmad Dar 279 Raja Mohmad Iqbal 448, 449, 454
Parvaiz Ahmad Sheikh 511 Raja Ramanna 564
Parvaz Ahmad Dar 548 Rajat Gupta 724
Parvaze Sofi 69 Rajeev K. Varshney 69
Parveena Firdous 284 Rajendra Chauhan 233
Parvez 828 Rajinder Kaur 372
Parvez Singh Slathia 297, 775 Rajkishor Rai 501
Pavinder Singh 533 Rajou Kumar Pandita 552
Pawan Singh 799, 846 Rakesh Chandra 823, 825, 828, 840
Peer Abdul Haseeb Shah 321, 331 Rakesh Jasrotia 939
Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz 43, 434 Rakesh Kumar Koul 353
Peerzada Yasir Yousaf 125 Rakshanda Ahad 1013
Pervaiz Ahmad Dar 165, 254, 256 Rakshanda Bhat 34
Pervaze Sofi 304 Ram Janey Choudhary 558
Pervez Ahmad 55 Rambir Singh 415
Pervez Ahmed 940, 943 Rameesa Jan 587, 594
Peter Emil Larsen 397 Rameez Ahmad Mir 802
Peter Ouma Okeyo 397 Rameez Nazir Rather 179
Piyush Malaviya 880 Ramesh C. Sharma 895
Pooja Pachurekar 385 Rameshwar 822, 842
Poonam Sharma 415 Rameshwar Sangra 848
Pradeep Mishra 48 Ramkumar Tk 541
Pramod Singh 838 Rana Hashmy 599, 600, 616
Preeti Sharma 297, 775 Raoof Ahmad Patoo 8
Prince Ahad Mir 412 Raqeebur Rehman 693
Priyanka Mishra 695 Rashid Ali 605, 633
Pz. Mohammad Ovies 955 Rashid Ashraf Malik 604, 630, 638
Qaaifah Gillani 370 Rashid Saleem Parry 763
Qamar Taban 43 Rashmi Dehariya 385
Qamrul Haq Khan 526 Rasy Fayaz Choh 862
Qazi Junaid Ashraf 745 Rather waseem 451
Qazi Nyrah Javid 325 Rather Waseem Yousuf 448, 449, 454
Qazi P. Hassan 126 Rauf A Wani 293
Qazi Parvaiz 292 Rauf Ahmad 355
Qazi Pervaiz Hassan 155 Ravi Kumar 471, 558
Qudsia Fatima 268, 280 Ravindra Pawar 103
Qudsiya Ayaz 779 Ravouf Parvaiz Asimi 359
Qurat-ul-ain 610 Ravouf Parvez Asimi 365
Qurba Firdous 402 Rayees Ahmad Bhat 107
Quseen Mushtaq Reshi 84, 88 Rayees Ahmad Magray 870
R. A. Magray 82 Rayees Ahmad Shah 839
R. A. Wani 27 Rayees Ahmad Zargar 544, 565
R. Andleeb 445 Rayeesa Ali 444
R. C. Gupta 161, 172 Razia Rasheed 19
R. Patoo 441 Reaz Ahmad Mathangi 688
R. R. Mir 162 Rehab Altaf 428
R. Raina 167 Rehana Akhter 761, 765, 767, 769, 778
R. S. Chandan 381 Rehana Amin 360
Raashid Ahmed 434 Rehana Rasool 650
Rabia Farooq 353 Reiaz Ul Rehman 59, 122, 144, 164, 166, 168,
Rabia Hamid 274, 275, 277, 292, 353 188, 321, 330, 331
Rabia Shah 957 Rekha Devi 153
Rabiah Bashir 407, 411 Requya Nazir 260
Rabiya Lone 884 Reyaz Ahmad Wani 104
Rabiya Majeed 373 Reyaz Hassan 400
Rafaqat Zehra 954 Reyaz ul Rehman 113
Rafia Jan 589, 589, 590 Reyazul rasool 311

1024
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Reyazul Rouf Mir 3, 17, 33, 35, 67, 69, 115, 757 Saakshy Agarwal 883
Rezwan Ul Shaban 522 Saba Banday 25
Rezwana Assad 147 Saba Bukhari 430
Riaz Ahmad 763 Saba Masood Chesti 888
Riaz Ahmad Shah 434 Saba Niaz 497
Richa Bharti Bharti 29 Saba Sabreen Mir 387, 413
Rifat Ara 420 Saba Ul Solim 867
Rifat Farooq 233 Sabah Jan Wani 1003
Riffat John 146 Sabah Parvaze 42, 60
Rikhi Singh Chauhan 89 Sabahat Hussain 754, 786
Riyaz Ahmad Dar 177 Sabba Yaqoob 335
Riyaz Ahmad Mir 140 Sabeeha Shafi 379, 410, 418
Riyes Un Aziz 210 Sabeeha Yaqoob 755
Rizwan Rashid 30, 32 Sabeehah Rehman 198, 199, 234
Rizwana Malik 95, 100 Sabeena Khan 156
Rizwana, Malik 91 Sabeha Mufti 987
Rohaya Ali 274, 292 Sabhiya Majid 353
Roheena Jan 502 Sabia Qureshi 329, 446, 453
Rohi Masrat 487 Sabiha Javeed Wani 882
Rohina Bashir 274, 292 Sabina Nasseer Malik 16
Rohitashw Kumar 726, 741, 747 Sabira Hafiz 335
Romee Jan 392, 752 Sabiya Bashir 26, 27
Romesh Kumar 848 Sabreena 864
Romisa Akhtar 670, 702 Sabreena Aashaq 302, 371
Roohi Rasool 345, 352 Sabreena Rafi 128
Roqia Ashraf 801 Sabreena Wani 582
Roshia Ali 313 Sabrina Khursheed 678
Rosy Jan 957 Sabu Showkat 777
Rouf ul Alam Bhat 681 Sadaf Ali 234
Rouf Ahmad Bhat 431, 865, 881 Sadaf Altaf 833
Rouf Ahmad Shah 21 Sadaf Hafiz 242
Rouf Ul Alam Bhat 735 Sadaff Altaf Bakshi 824
Rubeena Akhter 1007 Sadiya Sajad 441
Rubeena Ali Bhat 988 Saduf Nissar 167
Rubeenah Akhter 5 Safeena Peerzada 584, 585
Rubia Akhter 519 Safia Gul 664
Rubiya Dar 234 Safoora Shafi 17, 35, 757
Rubiya Samad 561, 566 Sahar Saleem Bhat 313
Ruby Priya 543, 800 Saheel Hafiz Shah 1007
Rukhsana Akhtar 285 Saife Niaz 308
Rukhsana Jabeen Wani 475 Saika Manzoor 268, 280
Rukhsar Wadoo 390, 403 Saima Afzal 498
Rumaisa 795 Saima Hamid 877
Rumaisa Rashid 416 Saima Manzoor Sofi 584, 585
Rumaisa Rashid Bhat 391 Saima Masood Wani 291
Ruphi Naz 118, 119, 303, 367 Saima Mehraj 648
Ruqaiya Nazir 328 Saima Zahoor 756
Ruqaya Qayoom 348 Sairish Ashraf 269, 280, 289, 290
Ruqeya Nazir 199, 319, 324, 326, 853, 868 Sajad Ahmad Khan 248
Ruqiya Bhat 559 Sajad Ahmad Lone 155
S. A. Beigh 448, 456 Sajad Ahmad Mir 773
S. A. Hakeem 27 Sajad Ahmad Padder 330
S. A. Hamdani 244 Sajad Ahmad Pary 521
S. A. Mir 48 Sajad Ahmad Rather 463, 761, 765, 778
S. Ettori 554 Sajad Ahmed Paddar 331
S. H. Khan 52 Sajad Ali 375
S. Hemlatha 805 Sajad Hassan Baba 62
S. J. A. Bhat 869 Sajad Mir 47
S. K. Raina 36 Sajad Mohd Wani 778
S. M. A. Andrabi 320, 322 Sajjad Hussain 366
S. M. K. Quadri 601 Sakeena Akhtar 673, 739
S. Majumdar 554 Sakib Qadir Sofi 660
S. Maqbool 593 Sakshi Sharma 729
S. Naseem Ahmad 671 Saleem Farooq 326
S. Pirzada 520, 522, 528 Saleem Farooq Rather 324
S. R. Kumar 733, 872 Saleem Mushtaq 155
S. S. Mamatha 22 Salika Ramazan 151
S. Shakeel 934 Samar Amin 120
S. Umira R. Qadri 657 Sameena Shah 680

1025
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Sameena Sultan 328 Shafat Ahmad Mir 858, 859, 901
Sameer Ahmad Mir 279 Shafat Ali 368
Sameer Ahmed Bhat 370 Shafat Rashi 908
Sameer Fayaz 937 Shafat Rashid 909
Sameer U.Khan 277 Shafi Muneeba 446
Sami Ullah Bhat 855, 890, 894, 903 Shafia Jan 789
Samia Rasheed 362 Shafia Lateef 490, 491
Samira Khan 603 Shafia Nazir 793, 795
Samirul Bashir 283 Shafia Zaffar 51
Samiullah Naik 304 Shafia Zargar 897
Samiya Manzoor 546 Shafiya Afzal Sheikh 618
Samrah Mehraj 699 Shafqut Majeed Khan 453
Samridhi Arora 794 Shagoon Tabin 161, 172
Sanah Farooq 287 Shagun Gupta 689
Sandhya Tyagi 3 Shah Ishfaq 896
Sanjay Kumar 310 Shah Rafiq 804
Sanober Rasool 244, 441 Shah Ubaid-Ullah 298
Santosh Gaherwal 210 Shahana Riyaz Tramboo 439, 440
Santosh Kumar Verma 391 Shaheeda Shaban 785
Sanya Khan 767, 780, 794 Shaheen Farooq 325, 453
Saptarsika Das 655 Shahid Ahmad Ganiee 890
Saqib Gulzar 811, 961 Shahid Ahmed Ganiee 889
Saqib Mubarak Eitoo 518 Shahid Husain 546
Saqib Parvaze Allaie 42 Shahid Umar 171
Sarah Sarah 843 Shahina Ahmad Nagoo 16
Sareer Ahmad 823, 840 Shahkar A. Nehvi 728
Sareer Ahmad Mir 828 Shahnawaz A. Wani, 315
Sareer Ahmad Waza 284 Shahnawaz Khan 836
Sarish Mukhtar Shah 913 Shahnawaz Qadir 626
Sartaj Ahmad Ganie 883 Shahnawaz Rather 533
Sarvjeet Singh 939 Shahnaz Anjum 124, 452
Sathish J. Sangode 839 Shahnaz Manzoor Butt 193
Satyanarayana Bheesette 557 Shahnaz Muft 56
Sauliheen Qadri 75, 101 Shahnaz Mufti 23
Saurabh Srivastav 361 Shahzada Akhtar 754, 786
Savitribai Phule 839 Shahzada Arshid 887
Sawant 103 Shahzada Saleem Wani 979
Sayeeda Kousar Bhatti 176 Shaida Andrabi 370
Seema Akbar 408 Shaila Bashir 998
Seema Langer 93, 105 Shailendra Chomola 799
Seema Singh 120, 184 Shaista Afreen 542
Seemi Farhat Basir 315 Shaista Yousuf 403
Seerat un Nissa 27 Shajrath Din 489
Sehar 700 Shajrul Amin 266, 269, 289, 290, 373
Seher Maqbool 284 Shakeel A. Mir 582
Sehrish Shafiq Butwani 8 Shakeel A. Wani 329
Sehvish Riyaz 624 Shakeel Ahmad Bhat 696
Shabana Khurshid Attar 970 Shakeel Ahmad Mir 573, 574
Shabana Tabasum 12 Shakeel Ahmad Naikoo 517
Shabeena Farooq 230 Shakeel Ahmad Shah 888
Shabina Shafi Malik 953 Shakeel Ahmad Wani 437
Shabina Shamim 224 Shakeel U Rehman 492, 494
Shabir A. Bhat 977 Shakil A. Bhat 434
Shabir A. Dar 74 Shakil A. Romshoo 824, 826, 829, 831, 832, 833,
Shabir A. Parah 658, 663, 673, 674, 679, 680, 834, 840, 845, 847, 910, 914,
687, 694, 712 916, 918, 919, 921, 922, 924,
Shabir Ahmad 560, 816 925, 926
Shabir Ahmad Dar 360 Shakil A. Wani 429, 438
Shabir Ahmad Ganaie 603, 625, 963, 973 Shakil Ahmad 823, 828
Shabir Ahmad Najar 610, 982 Shakil Ahmad Bhat 43
Shabir Ahmed Rather 756 Shakil Ahmad Wani 325, 453
Shabir Hussain Khan 38 Shakil Bhat 228
Shabir Hussain Lone 468 Shakir Hussain Parrey 6
Shabnam Kawoosa 407 Shakir Ul Haq 159
Shabnum Bashir 469 Shallu Sharma 507, 536
Shabnum Rashid Mir 942 Shameem A. Shameem 465, 472, 473, 482
Shabu Shoukat 429, 438 Shameem Ahmad 875
Shabu Showket 428 Shameem Ahmad Shameem 129
Shafaquat Nabi 90, 252 Shameema Bano 418

1026
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Shamim Ahmed 866 Showkat R. Mir 408
Shamim Ahmed Banday 866 Showkat Ul Nabi 427, 443, 450
Shamshad Ahmad 45 Showkat-ul-Nabi 454
Shamsul Haq 858, 901 Showket A. Akhoon 496
Shamsul Haque Thoker 557 Showket Ahmad Pala 140
Shanawaz Ahmad Baba 948 Showket Ahmad Shah 444
Sharad Wakode 406 Shozab Khurshid Wani 642
Sharafat Hussain 64 Shu-mei Chang 167
Sharief ud Din 693 Shubra Kala 799
Sharief Ud Din Khan 565, 704 Shuja Bashir Malik 808
Shariefuddin Pirzada 524 Shujat Gul 358, 362
Shariq Ahmad Bhat 813, 817 Sibnath Deb 1011
Shariq Rashid Masoodi 284 Sibtain Manzoor Hafiz 911
Shauket Ahmed Pala 68, 131 Siddharth Bhardwaj 725
Shawkat Ahmad Shah 958, 1008, 1013 Sidrat-Ul-Muntaha Anees 786
Shayaib Ahmad Kamil 444 Siraj Ahmad 857
Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool 269, 289, 290 Sna Rashid 460
Shayista Yousuf 65, 124 Sobiya Gul 80, 87, 96
Shazia Ali 314, 344 Sofi Mudasir Ahad 575
Shazia Bashir Qureshi 953 Sofi Umer Bashir 442
Shazia Gulzar 46 Sofiya Hassan 991
Shazia Habib 885 Sofora Jan 67
Shazia Lone 39 Soliha Shareef 681
Shazia Manzoor 1000 Solihah Gull 687
Shazia Manzoor Khaki 970 Sozia Ahad Bhat 483
Shazia Manzoor Wani 1003 Stanzin Namtak 895
Shazia Parveen 68 Sualiha Tabassum 241
Shazia Ramzan 55 Subata Mehbob 208, 209, 216
Shaziya Gull Zargar 18 Subuh Parvez Khan 340
Shaziya Nisar 177 Subzar Ahmad Mir 577
Sheeba Nazir 384 Subzar Ahmad Nanda 123, 158
Sheeba Qureshi 756 Suhaib A. Bandh 455
Sheema Ashaie 173 Suhail Ahmad 617
Sheema Zaffar 230, 899, 900 Suhail Ahmad Lone 841
Sheetu Dhar 902 Suhail Ahmad Mir 399, 404
Shehnaz Khan 880 Suhail Ahsan Ul Haq 842
Sheikh Aftaab Ul Maroof 1012 Suhail Anees 275
Sheikh Amir Abdullah 228 Suhail Bilal Dar 681
Sheikh Bilal 447 Suhail Gulzar 534
Sheikh Bilal Ahmad 47 Suhail Majeed 728
Sheikh Idrees Mujtaba 988 Suheel Rasool Mir 971, 983
Sheikh Irfan Ul Islam 972 Sujata Das 849
Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad 570, 575, 576, 588, 592 Sumaira Jabeen 625
Sheikh Rafeh Ahmad 432 Sumaira Lateeef 832
Sheikh Sajad Ahmed 121 Sumaira, Jabeen 963, 973
Sheikh Shubeena 244, 329 Sumaiya Nabi 278
Sheikh Shueb 957 Sumaiya Rehman 135
Sheikh Tahir Majeed 373 Suman Bhargava 229
Sheikh Tajamul 903 Sumati Narayan 32
Sheikh Tanveer Salam 256 Sumaya Hassan 274, 277, 292
Shiekh Zahoor Ahmad 343 Sumaya Mehraj 246
Shifa Showkat 739 Sumeer Gul 957
Shikha Ahalavat 50 Sumeera Nazir Beigh 1000
Shikha Laloraya 291 Sumeera Shafi Bhat 515
Shilpa Gupta 277 Sumira Nazir Zaz 845
Shoaib Amin 736 Sumira Tyub 143, 170, 877
Shoiab Fayaz 623 Sumiya Din 981, 985
Shoib Ahmad Baba 138 Sundeep Chopra 839
Shoukat Ara 869, 874, 883, 901 Sundeep K. Pandita 822
Showkat Ahmad Shah 437 Sundeep. K. Pandita 842
Showkat Ahmad Waza 46 Suphla Gupta 155
Showkat A. Ganai 277 Surinder Kumar Gupta 29
Showkat A. Zargar 136 Surrinder K. Lattoo 111
Showkat Ahmad Bhat 353 Susan Manohar 218
Showkat Ahmad Busru 955 Susheel Verma 159
Showkat Ahmad Ganie 90, 252, 265, 266, 275, 281 Suzana Bashir 134
Showkat Ahmad Lone 332 Syed Aalia Mushtaq 75, 92
Showkat Ahmad Shah 428 Syed Akhlaq Ahmad 731
Showkat Hussain 218 Syed Akram Hussain 435, 437, 777

1027
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Syed Besina Yaseen 272 Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah 188
Syed Farkanda 173 Tanveer H 904
Syed Hafsa Qadri 321 Tanveer Hussain Parray 659
Syed Hujjatul Baligah 36 Tanveer ul Hassan Dar 186
Syed Iliyas Rizvi 879 Tanveera Ahad Naik 931
Syed Ishfaq Manzoor 604, 638 Tanzeel Khan 741
Syed Khalid Yousuf 480 Taqwa Qadri 745
Syed Maqbool Geelani 869 Tareq Ahmad Wani 804
Syed Midhat Fazil 727 Tareq Wani 130, 152
Syed Mudasir Ahmad 43, 434 Tariq A. Bhat 777
Syed Mudassar 272, 293 Tariq A. Ganaie 761, 767
Syed Mudassir Jeelani 111 Tariq A. Shah 16
Syed Mujtaba Hassan 686 Tariq Abdullah 926
Syed Muzafar 481 Tariq Ahmad 221, 778
Syed Muzaffar 463 Tariq Ahmad Dar 127
Syed Nadima 80, 96 Tariq Ahmad Lone 945
Syed Nadima Hilal Qadri 79 Tariq Ahmad Raja 571
Syed Naiem Raza 393, 394 Tariq Ahmad Shah 957
Syed Nisar Bukahri 641 Tariq Ahmad Shosha 18, 245
Syed Nisar Hussain Bukhari 632 Tariq Ahmad Wani 112
Syed Nuzhat Fazil 727 Tariq Ahmad War 548
Syed Raahat Ara 744 Tariq Ahmed Bhat 56
Syed Rameem Zahra 628 Tariq Bhat 755
Syed Saalim Shabir Bukhari 712 Tariq Rashid Jan 583, 587, 589, 590, 591, 594
Syed Sajad Hussain 635 Tariq. A. Bhat 435
Syed Sakina 280 Tariq. A. Raja 435
Syed Sana Mehraj 853 Tarique Hassan Askary 13, 246
Syed Shahnaz 435 Taroob Bashir 910
Syed Suhail A. Simnani 665 Tarun Narang 372
Syed Talia 92 Tasaduq Hussain 75
Syed Talia Mushtaq 75 Tasaduq Hussain Khan 510
Syed Tanveer 90, 242, 251, 252 Tasaduq Hussain Shah 80, 83, 87, 96, 101
Syed Tooba Shamim Andrabi 715 Tassaduq Hussain 542
Syed Ubaid Qurashi 611, 685, 692 Tauseef Ahmad 978
Syed Umer Farooq 399, 404 Tauseef Nabi 339
Syed Wajaht Amin Shah 489 Tawheed Ahmad Najar 448
Syed Zameer Hussain 776 Tawheed Jan Shah 677, 743
Syeeda Nousheen Fatima 971, 983 Tawseef Ahmed Teli 615
T. A. Kanth 934 Tawseef Ayoub Shaikh 605
T. H. Shah 79 Tawseef Rashid 526
T. K. Ramkumar 845 Tazim Ameen 722
Tabassum Ali 390 Tazmeen Nazir Mattoo 706
Tabassum Ara 470, 477, 480, 492, 494 Tinku Gupta 385
Tabasum Ali 411 Touseef Ahmed Wani 771
Tabasum Amin 174 Toyeeba Hassan Mir 245
Tabasum Ara 495 Tufail Hussain 427, 450
Tabasum Kawoosa 310 Tufaila Manzoor 178
Tabasum Mohiuddin 138 Ubaid Illahi 746
Tabasum Mushtaq 574 Ubaidah Akhter 170
Tabreiz Ahmad Khan 175 Ubair Yaseen Shah 920
Tabrez A. Khan 486 Ulfat Jan 230
Taha Umair Wani 395 Ulfat Majeed 907
Tahir Nazir 432 Uma Bharti 181
Tahir Saleem Shah 4 Umar Amin 444, 450
Tahir Wahid 37 Umar Badr Shafeeque 647
Tahira Akther 805 Umar Mehraj Sheikh 240
Tahira Sultan 345 Umar Mohammad 720
Tahira Yousuf 344 Umar Mushtaq 305
Tahiya Qadri 768 Umara Qayoom 894
Tahseena Akhtar 372 Umayia Mushtaq 737
Tajamul Hassan 625 Umer Ali 429, 438
Tajamul Hassan Mir 963, 973 Umer Amin 427
Tajamul Islam 925 Umer Farooq 748
Tajamul Islam Sheikh 855 Umer Hameed Shansaz 236, 237, 431
Tajinder Kour 939 Ummaiyah H. Masoodi 52
Talat Ahmad 844 Ummar Atta 782
Tanveer A. Dar 279, 434, 843 Uqab Ali Baba 255, 326
Tanveer Ahmad Najar 856 Urfeya Mirza 124, 329, 452
Tanveer Ali Dar 273, 282 Urooj Un Nisa 1009

1028
Author Name Page Number(s) Author Name Page Number(s)
Usma Manzoor 282 Zahid A. Bhat 693
Usma Manzoor Wani 273 Zahid A. Kashoo 329
Uzma Ali 787 Zahid Amin Kashoo 453
Uzma Ashraf 488 Zahid Hussain Najar 154
Uzma Farooq Mir 398 Zahid Hussain Wani 601
Uzma Iqbal 732 Zahid Maqbool 612
Uzma Jan 576 Zahid Mohammad Rather 346
Uzma Shabir 197 Zahid Rasool Lone 418
V Rathikarani 635 Zahid Yaqoob Bhat 137
V. Raghavendra Reddy 546 Zahid Yaseen 493
V. Yesu Babu 845 Zahida Shah 410
Vanya Bawa 69 Zahoor A. Dar 27
Vaqar Ahmed 728 Zahoor A. Kaloo 130
Varsha Kanojia 776 Zahoor ABhat 129
Veena Tripathi 613, 624 Zahoor Ahmad 591
Vijai K. Rai 500 Zahoor Ahmad Bhat 174
Vijay Kumar Razdan 25 Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo 120, 150, 804
Vikas Kumar 306 Zahoor Ahmad Mir 375
Vilas Shelke 544 Zahoor Ahmad Rather 4, 54, 57, 573, 986
Vinay Hiralal Singh 461 Zahoor Ahmad Wani 440
Vipan Kakkar 689 Zaid Ahmad Wani 360
W. Y. Raja 392 Zaid Mohammad Shah 684
Waheed Shah 919 Zainab Iqra 311
Wajahat Amin Shah 479 Zainab Mushtaq 285
Wajaht Amin Shah 484 Zainab Qadri 1008
Wajid Manzoor 683 Zanoor Ashraf 772
Wakar Amin Zargar 1007 Zargar Adil Ahmad 999
Wakeel Ahmed Dar 467 Zarka Mushtaq 405
Wani Aadil 372 Zarka Sarwar 370
Wani Aasim 446 Zaroor A. Kaloo 152
Wani Shakil 446 Zeenat Farooq 747
Waqa Nabi Baba 760 Zeeshan Shafi 705
Waseem Bari Tak 557 Zia Ul Hassan Munshi 777
Waseem Raja 564 Zia Ulhassan Munshi 429, 438
Wasifa Hafiz Shah 164 Zoya Kulsum Naqashbandi 941
Wasifa Noor 171, 335 Zubaid ul Khazir 476
WeekarYounis Raja 385 Zubaida Rasool 234, 340
Y. A. Beigh 456 Zubair A. Dar 859
Y. Srinivasa Reddy 22 Zubair Ahmad Dar 858, 901
Yahya Bakhtiyar 105, 217 Zubair Ahmad Sheikh 76, 84, 85, 88, 104
Yaseen A. Sheikh 130 Zubair Jeelani 609
Yasir 700 Zulfikar Ali Bhat 385
Yasir Afzal 207, 208, 209, 216, 231
Yasir Hamid Bhat 1005
Yasir Hasan Siddique 356
Yasir Hassan Rather 349
Yasmeena Ismail 572
Yawer Hussain Shabir 198
Yawer Husssain Parra 206
Yogesh Sharma 149
Younis Hazari 283
Younis Rashid Dar 999
Yudhbir Singh 822, 842
Yudhbir.Singh 848
Yuman Kawoos 349, 359
Yusra Ashraf 78
Z. A. Bangi 657
Z. A. Bhat 392
Z. A. Dar 66
Z. H. Munshi 435, 437
Z. A. Kashoo 429, 438
Zafar A. Reshi 20, 121, 123, 132, 147, 157,
158, 160, 162, 165, 169, 187
Zaffar A. Shah 345, 352
Zaffar Iqbal 228
Zaffar Iqbal Bhat 227, 430
Zaffar Rais Mir 198
Zaffer Iqbal 673, 711
Zahhor Ahmad Baba 878

1029