PHARMACOLOGY OUTLINE

I. Autonomic Nervous System Drugs

A. Sympathomimetics/Adrenergic Agonists
1. Direct-Acting
a) Non-Selective
(1) Epinephrine (Catecholamine)
(2) Norepinephrine (Catecholamine)
(3) Dopamine (Catecholamine)
b) Selective Alpha-1 (POMP TN)
(1) Phenylephrine
(2) Methoxamine
(3) Propylhexedrine
(4) Tetrahydrozoline
(5) Oxymetazoline
(6) Naphazoline
c) Selective Alpha-2
(1) Anti-HTN
(a) Clonidine
(b) Methyldopa
(c) Guanfacine
(d) Guanabenz
(2) Anti-Glaucoma
(a) Apraclonidine
(b) Brimonidine
(3) Intravenous sedative/Anesthetic
(a) Dexmedetomidine
d) Selective Beta Agonists
(1) Isoproterenol
e) Selective Beta-1 Agonists
(1) Dobutamine
f) Selective Beta-2 Agonists
(1) SABAs (TAMP)
(a) Salbutamol/Albuterol
(b) Terbutaline
(c) Metaproterenol
(d) Pirbuterol
(2) LABAs (SI FB)
(a) Salmeterol
(b) Formoterol
(c) Bambuterol
(3) ULABAs (IVO)
(a) Indacaterol
(b) Olodaterol
(c) Vilanterol
(4) Tocolytics
(a) Ritodrine
(b) Isoxsuprine
 g) Selective Dopamine 1 Agonist
(1) Fenoldopam (TEAAMMMPP) (CATS)
2. Indirect-Acting Agonists
a) Releasers
(1) Tyramine
(2) Ephedrine
(3) Amphetamine
(4) Methamphetamine
(5) Phenmetrazine
(6) Methylphenidate
(7) Modafinil
(8) Phentermine
(9) Angiotensin II
b) Reuptake Inhibitors (CATS)
(1) Tricyclic Antidepressants
(2) Cocaine
(3) Atomoxetine
(4) Sibutramine
3. Mixed-Acting (PEMMP)
a) Ephedrine
b) Mephentermine
c) Metaraminol
d) Phenylpropanolamine
e) Pseudoephedrine
B. Sympatholytics
1. Direct-Acting Sympatholytics
a) Alpha Blockers
(1) Reversible Alpha-1 Blockers
(a) Anti-HTN
(i) Prazosin
(ii) Doxazosin
(iii) Terazosin
(b) Drugs for BPH
(i) Tamsulosin
(ii) Alfuzosin
(2) Reversible Alpha-2 Blockers
(a) Yohimbine
(b) Rauwolscine
(3) Irreversible Non-Selective Alpha Blockers
(non-competitive)
(a) Phenoxybenzamine
(4) Reversible Non-Selective Alpha Blockers (Competitive)
(a) Phentolamine
b) Beta Blockers
 (1) Non-Selective Beta Blockers (NSTPP)
(a) Nadolol
(b) Sotalol
(c) Timolol
(d) Propranolol
(e) Pindolol
(2) Selective Beta-1 Blockers (BBEAAMC)
(a) Celiprolol
(b) Bisoprolol
(c) Betaxolol
(d) Esmolol
(e) Atenolol
(f) Acebutolol
(g) Metoprolol
(3) With Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity (ISA) (CCLAPP)
(a) Carteolol
(b) Celiprolol
(c) Labetalol
(d) Acebutolol
(e) Penbutolol
(f) Pindolol
(4) With Membrane-Stabilizing Action (MSA) (PPALM)
(a) Propranolol
(b) Pindolol
(c) Acebutolol
(d) Labetalol
(e) Metoprolol
(5) With Alpha-1 Blocking Action
(a) Carvedilol
(b) Labetalol
(6) Enhances Nitric Oxide
(a) Nebivolol
2. Peripherally-Acting Sympatholytics (RST)
a) Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibitor
(1) Metyrosine
b) Release Inhibitors
(1) Bretylium
(2) Guanadrel
(3) Guanethidine
c) Storage (VMAT) Inhibitors
(1) Reserpine
C. Parasympathomimetics
1. Direct-Acting
a) Choline Esters
 (1) Non-Selective (ACM)
(a) Acetylcholine
(b) Carbachol
(c) Methacholine
(2) M-Selective
(a) Bethanechol (Urecholine)
b) Alkaloids
(1) Non-Selective
(a) Arecoline
(2) M-Selective
(a) Muscarine
(b) Pilocarpine
(3) N-Selective
(a) Nicotine
(b) Lobeline
(c) Varenicline
 2. Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetics
a) Reversible AChE Inhibitors
(1) Aminoalcohol (Short Acting)
(a) Edrophonium (Tensilon)
(2) Carbamates (Intermediate Acting)
(a) Physostigmine/Eserine
(b) Neostigmine
(c) Pyridostigmine
(d) Ambenonium
(e) Demecarium
(3) Carbamate Insecticides (Intermediate Acting)
(a) Carbaryl
(b) Aldicarb
(c) Carbofuran
(d) Oxamyl
(e) Methomyl
b) Irreversible AChE Inhibitors (Long acting)
(1) Organophosphates
(a) Malathion
(b) Parathion
(c) Nerve Gases
(i) Sarin
(ii) Tabbun
(iii) Soman
(d) Echothiophate
c) CNS-Acting
(1) Tacrine
(2) Donepezil
(3) Galantamine
(4) Rivastigmine
D. Parasympatholytics
1. Non-Selective Parasympatholytics
a) Choline Reuptake Inhibitor
(1) Hemicholinium
b) Vesicular Uptake Inhibitor
(1) Vesamicol
c) Exocytosis Inhibitor
(1) Botulinum
d) Cholinesterase Reactivators
(1) Pralidoxime
(2) Diacetyl Monoxime
2. Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic
a) Atropine
b) CNS Anticholinergic
(1) Scopolamine
(2) Trihexyphenidyl
(3) Benztropine
(4) Biperiden
c) Ophthalmic Anticholinergic (CHAT)
(1) Homatropine
(2) Anistropine
(3) Cyclopentolate
(4) Tropicamide
d) Respiratory Anticholinergic
(1) Ipratropium
(2) Tiotropium
(3) Oxitropium
e) Gastric Anticholinergic (PDPT) (M1 Selective)
(1) Pirenzepine
(2) Telenzepine
(3) Propantheline
(4) Dicyclomine
f) GIT and Urinary Anticholinergic
(1) Methscopolamine
(2) Glycopyrrolate
(3) Hyoscine
(4) Dicycloverine
(5) Oxybutynin
(6) Scopolamine
3. Antinicotinic
a) Ganglionic Blockers (HTM)
(1) Hexamethonium
(2) Trimethaphan
(3) Mecamylamine
b) Neuromuscular Blockers
(1) Depolarizing NMBs (Also Has M-Receptor Agonistic
Activity)
(a) Succinylcholine/Suxamethonium
(2) Non-depolarizing NMBs (Curare Derivatives)
(a) Isoquinoline Derivatives
(i) Tubocurarine
(ii) Atracurium
(iii) Cisatracurium
(b) Steroidal Derivatives
(i) Rocuronium
 (i) Vecuronium
(ii) Pancuronium
II. Autacoids
A. Histamine
1. Agonists
a) Histamine (Exogenous)
b) Betahistine
c) Impromidine
2. Antagonists
a) Functional
(1) Epinephrine
b) Pharmacologic/Antihistamines
(1) H1 Antihistamines
(a) First Generation
(i) Ethanolamines (DDDOC)
(a) Diphenhydramine
(b) Dimenhydrinate
(c) Doxylamine
(d) Carbinoxamine
(e) Orphenadrine
(ii) Ethylenediamines
(a) Pyrilamine/Mepyramine
(b) Tripelennamine
(iii) Piperazines
(a) Meclizine
(b) Cyclizine
(c) Hydroxyzine
(iv) Alkylamines
(a) Chlorpheniramine
(b) Brompheniramine
(v) Phenothiazines
(a) Promethazine
(vi) Piperidines
(a) Cyproheptadine
(b) Second Generation
(i) Piperazines (less sedating)
(a) Cetirizine
(b) Levocetirizine
(ii) Piperidines
(a) Loratadine
(b) Desloratadine
(c) Fexofenadine
(d) Astemizole (Withdrawn)
(iii) Pyridine
 (a) Acrivastine
(2) H2 Antihistamines
(a) Cimetidine
(b) Famotidine
(c) Ranitidine
(d) Nizatidine
B. Serotonin
1. Agonists
a) Partial 5-HT1A Agonist
(1) Buspirone
b) 5-HT1B/1D Agonist
(1) Sumatriptan
(2) Naratriptan
(3) Zolmitriptan
c) Partial 5-HT4 Agonist
(1) Cisapride
(2) Tegaserod
d) Full 5-HT4 Agonist
(1) Prucalopride
e) 5-HT-Releasing Agent
(1) Fenfluramine
2. Antagonists
a) 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 Antagonist
(1) Cyproheptadine
b) 5-HT3 Antagonist
(1) Ondansetron
(2) Granisetron
(3) Palonosetron
(4) Alosetron
(5) Cilansetron
c) 5-HT2 Antagonist (With H1 Agonistic Property)
(1) Ketanserin
C. Eicosanoids
1. Prostaglandin Analogs
a) PGE1 Analog
(1) Misoprostol
(2) Alprostadil
b) PGI2 Analog
(1) Epoprostenol
c) PGE2 Analog
(1) Dinoprostone
d) PGF2A Analog
(1) Latanoprost
(2) Carboprost
 D. Bradykinin
E. Ergot Alkaloids (these are not autacoids)
1. Alpha Agonist
a) Methylergonovine
2. Alpha and 5-HT Agonist
a) Ergotamine
3. 5-HT Agonist
a) Methysergide
4. Other Other Alkaloids
a) Bromocriptine
b) Cabergoline
c) Pergolide
d) Ergonovine
III. Drugs for Rheumatologic Disorders
A. Analgesics
1. Non-Narcotics
a) Acetaminophen
b) NSAIDs
(1) Non-Selective COX Inhibitors
(a) Salicylic Acid Derivatives
(i) Aspirin
(ii) Diflunisal
(iii) Magnesium Choline Salicylate
(iv) Methyl Salicylate
(b) Pyrazolone Derivatives
(i) Phenylbutazone
(ii) Dipyrone
(iii) Sulfinpyrazone (uricosuric, not NSAID)
(c) Indole Derivatives
(i) Indomethacin
(d) Pyrrole Alkanoic Acid Derivatives
(i) Tolmetin
(e) True Phenyl Acetates (SAD)
(i) Sulindac
(ii) Alclofenac
(iii) Diclofenac
(f) Acetic Acid Derivatives (KEN)
(i) Ketorolac
(ii) Etodolac
(iii) Nabumetone
(g) Fenamates
(i) Mefenamic Acid
(ii) Meclofenamic Acid
(iii) Flufenamic Acid
 (a) Oxicam Derivatives
(i) Piroxicam
(ii) Meloxicam
(b) Propionic Acid Derivatives
(i) Ibuprofen
(ii) Naproxen
(iii) Ketoprofen
(iv) Flurbiprofen
(2) Specific COX2 Inhibitors
(a) Celecoxib
(b) Etoricoxib
(c) Parecoxib
(d) Valdecoxib
(e) Rofecoxib
2. Narcotics
a) Opioid Agonists
(1) Opiates
(a) Morphine
(b) Codeine
(c) Thebaine
(2) Semisynthetic Opioids
(a) Heroin
(b) Apomorphine
(c) Semisynthetic Morphine Derivatives
(i) Hydromorphone
(ii) Oxymorphone
(d) Semisynthetic Codeine Derivatives
(i) Hydrocodone
(ii) Oxycodone
(3) Synthetic Opioids
(a) Methadone
(b) Meperidine (Pethidine)
(c) Levorphanol
(d) Dextromethorphan
(e) Loperamide
(f) Diphenoxylate
(g) Tramadol
(h) Fentanyl
(i) Alfentanyl
(j) Sulfentanyl
(k) Pentazocine
(l) Buprenorphine
(m) Nalbuphine
(n) Butorphanol
 (o) Propoxyphene aka Despropoxyphene
b) Opioid Antagonists
(1) Naloxone
(2) Naltrexone
(3) Nalorphine
(4) Nalmefene
(5) Levallorphan
B. DMARDs
1. Nonbiologic Agents (SLAP MG)
a) Methotrexate
b) Antimalarials
(1) Chloroquine
(2) Hydroxychloroquine
c) Gold Compounds
(1) Aurothiomalate
(2) Aurothioglucose
(3) Auranofin
d) Sulfasalazine
e) Leflunomide
f) Penicillamine
2. Biologic Agents (TTARA)
a) Abatacept
b) Rituximab
c) Tocilizumab
d) Anakinra
e) TNF-Alpha Blockers
(1) Adalimumab
(2) Infliximab
(3) Etanercept
(4) Certolizumab
(5) Golimumab
3. Glucocorticoids
IV. Drugs for Hypertension
A. Diuretics
1. Loop Diuretics
a) Sulfonamide
(1) Furosemide
(2) Bumetanide
b) Sulfonylurea
(1) Torsemide
c) Phenoxyacetic Acid
(1) Ethacrynic Acid
2. Thiazide Diuretics
a) Benzothiadiazine
 (1) Hydrochlorothiazide
(2) Chlorothiazide
b) Sulfonamide Diazide-Like
(1) Chlorthalidone
(2) Metolazone
(3) Indapamide
3. K+ Sparing Diuretics
a) Aldosterone Antagonists
(1) Spironolactone
(2) Eplerenone
(3) Finerenone (MRA)
b) Direct Na+ - Cl- Transport Inhibitors
(1) Triamterene
(2) Amiloride
4. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
a) Acetazolamide
b) Dichlorphenamide
c) Methazolamide
5. Osmotic Diuretics
a) Mannitol
B. Sympathoplegics
1. Peripherally-Acting
a) Adrenergic Neuron Blockers
(1) Reserpine
(2) Guanethidine
b) Ganglionic Blockers
c) Beta-Blockers
(1) Propranolol
(2) Nebivolol
(3) Atenolol
(4) Metoprolol
d) Alpha-Blockers
(1) Prazosin
(2) Phentolamine
2. Centrally-Acting
a) Clonidine
b) Methyldopa
c) Guanfacine
d) Guanabenz
C. Vasodilators
1. Arteriolar Vasodilators
a) Hydralazine
b) Minoxidil
c) Diazoxide
 d) Fenoldopam
2. Mixed Arterial and Venous Dilators
a) Sodium Nitroprusside
b) Nitrovasodilators
D. Angiotensin Modifiers
1. ACE Inhibitors
a) Captopril
b) Fosinopril
c) Lisinopril
d) Enalapril
2. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
a) Losartan
b) Irbesartan
c) Candesartan
3. Renin Inhibitors
a) Aliskiren
E. Calcium Channel Blockers
1. Dihydropyridine
a) Nifedipine
b) Nicardipine
c) Amlodipine
2. Non-Dihydropyridine
a) Verapamil
b) Diltiazem
V. Drugs for Angina Pectoris (NCBM)
A. Nitrovasodilators
1. Nitroglycerin
2. Isosorbide Dinitrate
3. Isosorbide Mononitrate
4. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate
B. Beta-Blockers
C. Calcium Channel Blockers
D. Miscellaneous Drugs
1. Morphine
2. Trimetazidine
3. Ranolazine
VI. Drugs for Heart Failure
A. Inotropics (CCBP)
1. Cardiac Glycosides
a) Digoxin
2. Beta-1 Agonists
a) Dopamine
b) Dobutamine
c) Isoproterenol
 3. PDE Inhibitors
a) Milrinone
b) Inamrinone
4. Calcium Sensitizers
a) Levosimendan
B. Non-Inotropics
1. Vasodilators (NASH)
a) ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
b) Sacubitril + Valsartan
c) Hydralazine + Isosorbide Dinitrate
d) Nesiritide
2. Diuretics
a) Loop Diuretics
b) Thiazide Diuretics
c) K+ Sparing Diuretics
3. Sympatholytics
a) Beta-Blockers (MBCN)
(1) Metoprolol
(2) Carvedilol
(3) Bisoprolol
(4) Nebivolol
VII. Drugs for Dysrhythmias
A. Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers
1. Class IA
a) Procainamide
b) Quinidine
c) Disopyramide
2. Class IB
a) Lidocaine
b) Phenytoin
c) Tocainide
d) Mexiletine
3. Class IC
a) Flecainide
b) Encainide
c) Propafenone
d) Moricizine
B. Class II: Beta-Blockers (BAM)
1. Atenolol
2. Bisoprolol
3. Metoprolol
C. Class III: Potassium Channel Blockers (SABI D)
1. Amiodarone
2. Sotalol
 3. Bretylium
4. Ibutilide
5. Dofetilide
D. Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers
1. Diltiazem
2. Verapamil
E. Miscellaneous
1. Adenosine
2. Magnesium Sulfate
VIII. Drugs for Gout
A. Relief
1. Colchicine
2. SA-NSAIDs
a) Indomethacin
b) Phenylbutazone
c) All Others Except Aspirin, Salicylates, and Tolmetin
3. Glucocorticoids
a) Prednisone
b) Triamcinolone Acetonide
c) Corticotropin
B. Prevention
1. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
a) Allopurinol/Alloxanthine
b) Febuxostat
2. Uricosuric Agents
a) Probenecid
b) Sulfinpyrazone
3. Uricase Analogs
a) Pegloticase
b) Rasburicase
IX. Drugs for Coagulation Disorders
A. Antithrombotics
1. Antiplatelets
a) TXA2 Inhibitors
(1) Aspirin
b) ADP Inhibitors/P2Y12 Inhibitors (GAPT)
(1) Clopidogrel
(2) Prasugrel
(3) Ticlopidine
(4) Ticagrelor
c) PDE Inhibitors
(1) Cilostazol
(2) Dipyridamole
d) GPIIb/IIIa Inhibitors
 (1) Abciximab
(2) Tirofiban
(3) Eptifibatide
2. Anticoagulants
a) Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
(1) Parenteral (HLB A)
(a) Hirudin
(b) Lepirudin
(c) Bivalirudin
(d) Argatroban
(2) Oral (DX)
(a) Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate
(b) Ximelagatran
b) Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors
(1) Parenteral
(a) Heparin
(b) Select LMW Heparins (TEFDD)
(i) Enoxaparin
(ii) Tinzaparin
(iii) Dalteparin
(iv) Fondaparinux
(v) Danaparoid
(2) Oral
(a) Coumarins
(i) Warfarin Sodium
(ii) Dicumarol
(b) Anti-Factor Xa
(i) Apixaban
(ii) Rivaroxaban
3. Fibrinolytics/Thrombolytics
a) Streptokinase
b) Urokinase
c) Alteplase
d) Reteplase
e) Tenecteplase
B. Prothrombotics
1. Vitamin K
a) Phytonadione
b) Menaquinone
2. Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid
a) Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA)
b) Tranexamic Acid
c) Aprotinin
3. Plasma Fractions
 a) Cryoprecipitate (VIII)
b) Cryosupernatant (IX)
X. Drugs for Dyslipidemia
A. Statins
1. Simvastatin
2. Fluvastatin
3. Atorvastatin
4. Rosuvastatin
5. Pitavastatin
6. Pravastatin
7. Lovastatin
B. Fibrates
1. Fenofibrate
2. Gemfibrozil
3. Clofibrate
C. Nicotinic Acid
1. Nicotinic Acid
2. Niacin
D. Bile Acid-Binding Resins
1. Colestipol
2. Cholestyramine
3. Colesevelam
E. Niemann Pick C1-Like 1 Inhibitor (NPC1L1 Inhibitor)
1. Ezetimibe
F. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors
1. Anacetrapib
2. Dalcetrapib
XI. Hematopoietic Drugs
A. Nutrients
1. Iron
a) Ferrous Gluconate
b) Ferrous Sulfate
c) Ferrous Fumarate
d) Iron Dextran
e) Iron Sucrose
f) Sodium Ferric Gluconate
2. Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
3. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
a) Cyanocobalamin
b) Hydroxocobalamin
c) Methylcobalamin
d) Deoxyadenosylcobalamin
B. Hematopoietic Growth Factors
1. Erythropoietin
 a) Erythropoietin
b) Darbepoetin Alfa
c) Epoetin
2. rHuG-CSF
a) Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
b) Filgrastim
c) Pegfilgrastim
d) Lenograstim
3. rHuGM-CSF
a) Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
b) Sargramostim
4. TPO and IL-11
a) Thrombopoietin
b) Romiplostim
c) Eltrombopag
d) Oprelvekin
XII. Drugs for Endocrine Disorders
A. Drugs for Growth Hormone Deficiency (SSMM)
1. Somatropin (GH)
2. Sermorelin (GHRH)
3. Mecasermin
4. Mecasermin Rinfabate
B. Drugs for Growth Hormone Excess
1. Somatostatin Analogues
a) Octreotide
b) Lanreotide
2. GH Receptor Antagonist
a) Pegvisomant
3. Dopamine Analogue
a) Bromocriptine
C. Drugs for Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency and Excess
1. GnRH Agonists (-relin + leuprolide)
a) Gonadorelin
b) Buserelin
c) Goserelin
d) Triptorelin
e) Nafarelin
f) Leuprolide
2. GnRH Antagonists (-relix)
a) Degarelix
b) Cetrorelix
c) Ganirelix
d) Abarelix
D. Drugs for Hyperprolactinemia
 1. Dopamine Agonists
a) Bromocriptine (Short-Acting)
b) Cabergoline (Long-Acting)
E. Drugs for Insipidus
1. Drugs for Central DI
a) Vasopressin
b) Desmopressin
2. Drugs for Nephrogenic DI
a) Thiazide Diuretics
b) Indomethacin
3. Drugs for Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
a) Demeclocycline
b) Conivaptan
c) Tolvaptan
F. Oxytocin
1. Receptor Antagonist
a) Atosiban
G. Glucocorticoids
1. Oral/IV
a) Short- to Medium-Acting Glucocorticoids
(1) Hydrocortisone
(2) Cortisone
(3) Prednisone
(4) Meprednisone
(5) Prednisolone
(6) Methylprednisolone
b) Intermediate-Acting Glucocorticoids
(1) Triamcinolone
(2) Paramethasone
(3) Fluprednisolone
c) Long-Acting Glucocorticoids
(1) Dexamethasone
(2) Betamethasone
2. Inhaled (BBFFM)
a) Budesonide
b) Beclomethasone
c) Flunisolide
d) Fluticasone
e) Mometasone
3. Topical
a) Clobetasol
b) Diflorasone
c) Amcinonide
d) Desoximetasone
 e) Fluocinonide
f) Halcinonide
H. Mineralocorticoids (FC)
1. Fludrocortisone
2. Desoxycorticosterone Acetate

I. Antithyroid Drugs (RIBIT)

1. Thioamides/Thionamides
a) Propylthiouracil
b) Methimazole
c) Carbimazole
2. Iodides
a) Lugol’s Solution
b) Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide
3. Inorganic Anions
a) Potassium Perchlorate
b) Sodium Thiocyanate
c) Pertechnetate
4. Beta-Blockers and Other Drugs
a) Propranolol
b) Dexamethasone
c) Iopanoic Acid
d) Ipodate
5. Radioactive Iodine
a) Iodine-131
J. Pancreatic Drugs
1. Anti-Diabetic Drugs
a) Insulin
(1) Short-Acting SC (LAGR)
(a) Lispro
(b) Aspart
(c) Glulisine
(d) Regular
(2) Short-Acting Inhaled
(a) Regular Inhaled
(3) Intermediate-Acting
(a) Isophane
(4) Long-Acting (GDD)
(a) Detemir
(b) Glargine
(c) Degludec
b) Insulin Secretagogues
(1) Sulfonylureas
(a) First Generation (TACT)
 (i) Chlorpropamide
(ii) Tolbutamide
(iii) Acetohexamide
(iv) Tolazamide
(b) Second Generation
(i) Gliclazide
(ii) Glibenclamide/Glyburide
(iii) Glipizide
(iv) Glimepiride
(2) Meglitinides
(a) Repaglinide
(b) Nateglinide
(c) Mitiglinide
c) Biguanides
(1) Metformin
(2) Phenformin
d) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors (MAV)
(1) Acarbose
(2) Voglibose
(3) Miglitol
e) Thiazolidinediones
(1) Pioglitazone
(2) Rosiglitazone
f) Amylin Analogue
(1) Pramlintide
g) Incretin-Mimetics
(1) GLP1 Analogues
(a) Exenatide
(b) Liraglutide
(c) Dulaglutide
(2) DPP-IV Inhibitors
(a) Sitagliptin
(b) Linagliptin
(c) Vildagliptin
h) SGLT-2 Inhibitors
(1) Canagliflozin
(2) Dapagliflozin
(3) Empagliflozin
2. Glucagon
3.
K. Drugs Affecting Bone Homeostasis
1. Calcitonin
2. Estrogen Agonists
3. Bisphosphonates
 a) Non-Amino Bisphosphonates
(1) Etidronate
(2) Clodronate
b) Amino Bisphosphonates
(1) Alendronate
(2) Ibandronate
(3) Risedronate
(4) Pamidronate
(5) Zoledronic Acid
4. Denosumab
5. Cinalcet
XIII. CNS Drugs
A. Drugs for Schizophrenia
1. Antipsychotics
a) 1st Generation
(1) Phenothiazines
(a) Aliphatic
(i) Chlorpromazine
(b) Piperazine
(i) Fluphenazine
(ii) Prochlorperazine
(c) Piperidine
(i) Thioridazine
(2) Butyrophenones
(a) Haloperidol
(b) Droperidol
(3) Thioxanthenes
(a) Thiothixene
b) 2nd Generation
(1) Clozapine
(2) Olanzapine
(3) Loxapine
(4) Risperidone
(5) Paliperidone
(6) Ziprasidone
(7) Quetiapine
(8) Aripiprazole (NOT A PPI)
(9) Molindone
(10) Amisulpride
B. Drugs for Extrapyramidal Symptoms
1. Centrally-Acting Anticholinergics
a) Biperiden
b) Benztropine
c) Trihexyphenidyl
 2. Beta-Blockers
3. Benzodiazepines
4. IV Diphenhydramine
C. Drugs for Bipolar Disorders
1. Drugs for Acute Mania
a) Lithium
b) Sodium Valproate (Divalproex Sodium)
c) Carbamazepine
d) Lamotrigine
e) Antipsychotics
(1) Aripiprazole
(2) Asenapine
(3) Olanzapine
(4) Quetiapine
(5) Risperidone
(6) Ziprasidone
f) Clonazepam
g) Lorazepam
h) Antidepressants
2. Drugs for Maintenance
a) Lithium
b) Sodium Valproate
c) Aripiprazole
d) Olanzapine
e) Lamotrigine
D. Drugs for Depression
1. Tricyclic Antidepressants (CANDID)
a) Amitriptyline
b) Nortriptyline
c) Clomipramine
d) Imipramine
e) Desipramine
f) Doxepin
2. Tetracyclic Antidepressants (MMA) (Considered as under tricyclic
antidepressants)
a) Mianserin
b) Maprotiline
c) Amoxapine
3. MAO-Inhibitors
a) Selective MAO-A Inhibitor
(1) Moclobemide
b) Selective MAO-B Inhibitor
(1) Selegiline
c) Non-Selective Inhibitors (PIT)
 (1) Phenelzine
(2) Isocarboxazid
(3) Tranylcypramine
4. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
a) Fluoxetine
b) Fluvoxamine
c) Paroxetine
d) Sertraline
e) Citalopram
f) Escitalopram
5. Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (DVD)
a) Duloxetine
b) Venlafaxine
c) Desvenlafaxine
6. Trazodone
7. Nefazodone
8. Noradrenergic and Selective Serotonin Antidepressant
a) Mirtazapine
9. Reversible Inhibitor of MAO A
a) Moclobemide
10. Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor
a) Reboxetine
11. Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
a) Bupropion
E. Drugs for Anxiety
1. Barbiturates
a) Ultra-Short Acting
(1) Thiopental
(2) Thiamylal
(3) Methohexital
b) Short Acting
(1) Pentobarbital
(2) Hexobarbital
(3) Secobarbital
c) Intermediate-Acting
(1) Amobarbital
(2) Butabarbital
d) Long-Acting
(1) Phenobarbital
(2) Metharbital
(3) Mephobarbital
2. Benzodiazepines
a) Short-Acting
(1) Midazolam
 (2) Triazolam
b) Intermediate-Acting (TALO)
(1) Lorazepam
(2) Temazepam
(3) Oxazepam
(4) Alprazolam
c) Long-Acting
(1) Chlordiazepoxide
(2) Diazepam
(3) Clonazepam
(4) Flurazepam
(5) Clorazepate
3. Non-Benzodiazepines (Selective GABA-A Alpha 1 Subunit Blocker)
a) Eszopiclone
b) Zolpidem
c) Zaleplon
4. Ramelteon
5. Buspirone
F. Drugs for Epilepsy
1. Sodium Channel Blockers
a) Phenytoin
b) Topiramate
c) Carbamazepine
d) Lamotrigine
e) Zonisamide
f) Rufinamide
g) Lacosamide
2. Presynaptic Calcium Channel Blockers
a) Gabapentin
b) Pregabalin
c) Topiramate
d) Lamotrigine
3. Postsynaptic T-Type Calcium Channel Blocker
a) Ethosuximide
b) Valproic Acid
c) Zonisamide
4. SV2A Inhibitor
a) Levetiracetam
5. Glutamate Synaptic Release Inhibitor
a) Carbamazepine
b) Lamotrigine
6. GABA-T Inhibitor
a) Tiagabine
b) Vigabatrin
 7. GABA Receptor Stimulator/Modulators
a) Benzodiazepines
b) Barbiturates
G. Drugs for Parkinsonism
1. Drugs That Increase Dopamine Levels
a) Levodopa
b) L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors
(1) Carbidopa
(2) Benserazide
c) COMT Inhibitors
(1) Entacapone
(2) Tolcapone
d) MAO-B Inhibitors
(1) Selegiline
(2) Rasagiline
e) Amantadine
2. Dopamine 2 Receptor Agonists
a) Ergot Derivatives
(1) Bromocriptine
(2) Cabergoline
(3) Pergolide
b) Non-Ergot Derivatives
(1) Ropinirole
(2) Pramipexole
c) Opioid Derivatives
(1) Apomorphine
3. Centrally-Acting Anticholinergic Agents
a) Biperiden
b) Benztropine
c) Trihexyphenidyl
H. Anesthetics
1. General Anesthetics
a) Inhaled Anesthetics
(1) Nitrous Oxide
(2) Desflurane
(3) Sevoflurane
(4) Isoflurane
(5) Enflurane
(6) Halothane
(7) Methoxyflurane
b) Intravenous Anesthetics (KOBBE DPF)
(1) Propofol
(2) Fospropofol
(3) Barbiturates
 (a) Thiopental
(b) Methohexital
(4) Benzodiazepines
(a) Midazolam
(b) Lorazepam
(c) Diazepam
(5) Etomidate
(6) Ketamine
(7) Dexmedetomidine
(8) Opioid Analgesics
2. Local Anesthetics
a) Ester
(1) Benzoic Acid
(a) Cocaine
(b) Hexylaine
(c) Meprylcaine
(d) Isobucaine
(e) Piperocaine
(2) Para-Aminobenzoic Acid
(a) Benzocaine
(b) Chloroprocaine
(c) Procaine
(d) Tetracaine
(e) Propoxygaine
b) Amide
(1) Articaine
(2) Bupivacaine
(3) Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
(4) Prilocaine
(5) Ropivacaine
(6) Etidocaine
XIV. Drugs for Respiratory Disorders
A. Drugs for Colds
1. Nasal Decongestants (Alpha-1 Agonists)
2. Antihistamines
B. Drugs for Coughs
1. Antitussives
a) Centrally-Acting
(1) Non-Narcotic
(a) Butamirate Citrate
(2) Opioids
(a) Codeine
(b) Noscapine
(c) Dextromethorphan
 b) Peripherally-Acting
(1) Levodropropizine
2. Mucoregulators
a) Ambroxol
b) Bromhexine
c) Carbocisteine
3. Mucolytics
a) N-Acetylcysteine
4. Expectorants
a) Reflex Stimulant
(1) Guaifenesin
b) Direct Stimulant
(1) Iodinated Glycerol
(2) Potassium Iodide
C. Drugs for Bronchospastic Diseases
1. Bronchodilators
a) Beta-2 Agonists (TAMP)
(1) Short-Acting B2 Agonists
(a) Albuterol
(b) Terbutaline
(c) Metaproterenol
(d) Pirbuterol
(2) Long-Acting B2 Agonists
(a) Salmeterol
(b) Formoterol
(3) Ultra Long-Acting B2 Agonists
(a) Indacaterol
(b) Olodaterol
(c) Vilanterol
b) Antimuscarinics
(1) Short-Acting Antimuscarinics
(a) Ipratropium
(2) Long-Acting Antimuscarinics (TAGU)
(a) Tiotropium
(b) Aclidinium
(c) Umeclidinium
(d) Glycopyrrolate
c) Methylxanthines
(1) Theophylline
(2) Aminophylline
2. Anti-Inflammatory
a) Leukotriene Modifiers
(1) Lipoxygenase Blockers
(a) Zileuton
 (2) LTD4 Receptor Blockers
(a) Montelukast
(b) Zafirlukast
b) Mast Cell Stabilizers
(1) Cromolyn Sodium
(2) Nedocromil Sodium
c) Steroids
(1) Inhaled Corticosteroids (BBFT)
(a) Budesonide
(b) Fluticasone
(c) Triamcinolone
(d) Betamethasone
(2) Systemic Oral Corticosteroids (PPM)
(a) Prednisone
(b) Prednisolone
(c) Methylprednisolone
(3) Systemic Parenteral Corticosteroids
(a) Hydrocortisone IV
(b) Methylprednisolone
3. Anti-IgE and Anti-IL5 (BROM)
a) Omalizumab
b) Mepolizumab
c) Reslizumab
d) Benralizumab
4. Mast Cell Stabilizers
a) Cromolyn Sodium
b) Nedocromil Sodium
D. Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis
1. Antihistamines
2. Intranasal Corticosteroids
a) Beclomethasone
b) Budesonide
c) Fluticasone
d) Ciclesonide
e) Mometasone
f) Triamcinolone
3. Short-Acting Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists
4. Mast Cell Stabilizers
XV. Drugs for GI Disorders
A. Drugs for Acid-Peptic Diseases
1. Antacids
a) Systemic Antacids
(1) Sodium Bicarbonate
(2) Calcium Carbonate
 b) Local Antacids
(1) Aluminum Hydroxide
(2) Magnesium Hydroxide
2. H2 Blockers
a) Cimetidine
b) Ranitidine
c) Nizatidine
d) Famotidine
3. Proton Pump Inhibitors
a) Omeprazole
b) Esomeprazole
c) Lansoprazole
d) Dexlansoprazole
e) Pantoprazole
f) Rabeprazole
4. Mucosal Protective Agents
a) Sucralfate
b) Misoprostol
c) Bismuth Subsalicylate
d) Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium
5. Antibiotics
a) Clarithromycin
b) Amoxicillin
c) Metronidazole
d) Tetracycline
e) Nitroimidazole
B. Drugs for Diarrhea
1. Oral Rehydration Salts
2. Opioid Agonists
a) Loperamide
b) Diphenoxylate
3. Kaopectate
4. Colloidal Bismuth Compounds
5. Bile Salt-Binding Resins
a) Cholestyramine
b) Colestipol
c) Colesevelam
6. Octreotide
C. Drugs for Constipation
1. Bulk-Forming Laxatives
a) Natural
(1) Psyllium
(2) Methylcellulose
b) Synthetic
 (1) Polycarbophil
2. Stool-Softener
a) Docusate
b) Glycerin Suppository
c) Mineral Oil
3. Osmotic Laxatives
a) Magnesium Oxide
b) Sorbitol
c) Lactulose
d) Magnesium Citrate
e) Sodium Phosphate
f) Polyethylene Glycol
4. Stimulant Laxatives
a) Anthraquinone Derivatives
(1) Aloe
(2) Senna
(3) Cascara
(4) Castor Oil
b) Diphenylmethane Derivatives
(1) Bisacodyl
c) Phenolphthalein
5. Type 2 Chloride Channel Activator
a) Lubiprostone
6. Opioid Receptor Antagonist
a) Methylnaltrexone Bromide
b) Alvimopan
7. Saline Laxatives
a) Fleet Enema
b) Magnesium Citrate
c) Sodium Biphosphate
D. Drugs for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
1. Anticholinergic Drugs
a) Dicyclomine
b) Hyoscyamine
2. 5-HT3 Antagonist
a) Alosetron
b) Cilansetron
3. 5-HT4 Agonists
a) Cisapride
b) Tegaserod
c) Prucalopride
4. Cl Channel Activator
a) Lubiprostone
E. Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
1. Corticosteroids
a) Hydrocortisone
b) Prednisone
c) Prednisolone
d) Methylprednisolone
e) Dexamethasone
2. Aminosalicylates
a) Sulfasalazine
b) Mesalamine
c) Balsalazide
d) Olsalazine
3. Immunosuppressants
a) Azathioprine
b) 6-Mercaptopurine
c) Methotrexate
d) Cyclosporine
e) Mycophenolate
4. Biologic Agents
a) Infliximab
b) Adalimumab
c) Certolizumab
5. Antibiotics
a) Metronidazole
b) Ciprofloxacin
c) Rifaximin
6. Antidiarrheals
a) Codeine
b) Diphenoxylate + Atropine
c) Loperamide
d) Cholestyramine
7. Monoclonal Antibodies
a) Natalizumab
8. H2 Receptor Antagonist
a) Cimetidine
b) Ranitidine
c) Famotidine
d) Nizatidine
9. Proton Pump Inhibitor
a) Omeprazole
b) Lansoprazole
c) Esomeprazole
d) Rabeprazole
e) Pantoprazole
10. Anticholinergics
 a) Dicyclomine
b) Hyoscyamine
F. Drugs for Vomiting (SNACCCH D)
1. Cholinomimetics
a. Neostigmine
b. Bethanechol
2. D2 Receptor Antagonists
a) Metoclopramide
b) Domperidone
2. H1 Blockers
a) Diphenhydramine
b) Phenothiazines
c) Orphenadrine
3. Antimuscarinics
a) Scopolamine
4. Corticosteroids
a) Dexamethasone
5. Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
a) Dronabinol
b) Nabilone
6. Serotonin 3 Receptor Antagonist
a) Ondansetron
b) Granisetron
c) Dolasetron
d) Palonosetron
e) Alosetron
f) Cilansetron
7. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
a) Aprepitant
XVI. Cell-Cycle Targeting Drugs
A. Cytotoxic Agents
1. Direct DNA-Interacting Agents
a) Alkylating Agents
(1) Mechlorethamine
(2) Cyclophosphamide
(a) Phosphoramide Mustard
(b) Acrolein
(3) Busulfan
(4) Carmustine and Lomustine
(5) Altretamine
(6) Procarbazine and Dacarbazine
(7) Temozolomide
(8) Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Oxalipatin
b) Topoisomerase Inhibitors
 (1) Camptothecins
(a) Topotecan
(b) Irinotecan
(2) Podophyllotoxin Derivatives
(a) Etoposide
(b) Teniposide
(3) Antitumor Antibiotics
(a) Anthracyclines
(i) Doxorubicin
(ii) Daunorubicin
(iii) Idarubicin
(iv) Epirubicin
(v) Mitoxantrone
(b) Mitomycin
(c) Bleomycin
(d) Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
c) Indirect DNA-Interacting
(1) Antimetabolites
(a) Folic Acid Antagonists
(i) Methotrexate
(ii) Pemetrexed
(b) Pyrimidine Analogues
(i) 5-Fluorouracil
(ii) Capecitabine
(c) Deoxycytidine Analogues
(i) Cytarabine
(ii) Gemcitabine
(d) Purine Antagonists
(i) 6-Mercaptopurine
(ii) 6-Thioguanine
(iii) Fludarabine
(iv) Cladribine
(2) Antimitotics
(a) Taxanes
(i) Paclitaxel
(a) Abraxane
(ii) Docetaxel
(iii) Cabazitaxel
(b) Vinca Alkaloids
(i) Vincristine
(ii) Vinblastine
(iii) Vinorelbine
(c) Estramustine
B. Hormonal Agents
 1. Estrogen-Based Drugs
a) GnRH Agonists (GGBL)
(1) Gonadorelin
(2) Goserelin
(3) Buserelin
(4) Leuprolide
b) Estrogen Receptor Downregulator
(1) Fulvestrant
c) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
(1) Tamoxifen
(2) Raloxifene
(3) Clomiphene/Clomifene (Used for Infertility)
d) Aromatase Inhibitors (ALE)
(1) Anastrozole
(2) Letrozole
(3) Exemestane
2. Testosterone-Based Drugs
a) Androgen Receptor Blockers (BFN)
(1) Flutamide
(2) Bicalutamide
(3) Nilutamide
b) GnRH Antagonists (ACDG)
(1) Abarelix
(2) Cetrorelix
(3) Degarelix
(4) Ganirelix
c) 5-a-Reductase Inhibitors
(1) Finasteride
(2) Dutasteride
3. Progesterone Derivatives (Progestins)
a) Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera)
b) Norethindrone
c) Ethynodiol Diacetate
d) Desogestrel
e) Dydrogesterone
f) Levonorgestrel
g) Megestrol
h) Norgestrel
i) Norgestimate
j) Progesterone
4. Corticosteroids
a) Prednisone
b) Methylprednisolone
C. Targeted Therapy
 1. Anti-EGFR Agents
a) Cetuximab
b) Panitumumab
2. Anti-VEGF/VEGFR Agents
a) Bevacizumab
b) Ziv-aflibercept
c) Regorafenib
d) Ramucirumab
3. Anti-ALK Tyrosine Kinase Agents
a) Alectinib
4. BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Agents
a) Imatinib
5. PD-1 Blocker
a) Pembrolizumab
b) Nivolumab
6. Ipilimumab
7. EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
a) Erlotinib
b) Gefitinib
8. mTOR Inhibitors
a) Everolimus
b) Temsirolimus
9. B-Raf Inhibitor
a) Dabrafenib
10. Anti-CD20
a) Rituximab