Republic of the Philippines

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION COLLEGE

FINAL EXAMINATION IN AE 9

GENERAL DIRECTION: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer from the options provided. On
your answer sheet, shade the circle corresponding to your chosen answer completely using a BLACK BALLPEN. Do not
make stray marks on the answer sheet. NO ERASURES! Please, answer this test with HONESTY. Note: The first two (2)
persons who submit the booklet, will be automatically receive a perfect score. Goodluck and God bless!

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What does inferential statistics deal with?
a) Organizing data
b) Summarizing data
c) Making predictions about a population based on sample data
d) Collecting data
2. Which is an example of a statistical analysis?
a) Calculating the area of a circle
b) Determining the mean of a data set
c) Solving an equation
d) Multiplying two numbers
3. What is the first step in conducting a statistical study?
a) Analyzing the data
b) Collecting the data
c) Defining the population
d) Presenting the findings
4. In statistics, which term refers to the entire group being studied?
a) Population
b) Sample
c) Data set
d) Parameter
5. Which of the following is true about statistics and parameters?
a) A parameter is a measure from a sample, and a statistic is from a population
b) A parameter is a measure from a population, and a statistic is from a sample
c) Both statistics and parameters are only calculated using sample data
d) There is no difference between them
6. Which of the following is true about population and sample?
a) A sample is larger than the population
b) A population is smaller than a sample
c) A sample is a subset of the population
d) Both population and sample are the same
7. When conducting a survey, researchers select a sample from the population to:
a) Reduce time and cost
b) Make the survey easier
c) Make it less accurate
d) Exclude unimportant data
8. Quantitative data is characterized by:
a) Non-numeric values
b) Numeric values that can be measured and ordered
c) Categories that have no inherent order
d) Attributes like gender
9. Which of the following is an example of discrete data?
a) Temperature
b) Height
c) Number of books in a library
d) Time spent on an activity
10. Continuous data is:
a) Countable and finite
b) Measurable and can take any value within a range
c) Categorical and cannot be ordered
d) Fixed and non-changing
11. In a survey of 1000 employees, a random sample of 100 employees is selected. This sampling method is:
a) Systematic sampling
b) Stratified sampling
c) Simple random sampling
d) Convenience sampling
12. Which sampling method is used when a population is divided into subgroups and then a random sample is selected
from each subgroup?
a) Stratified sampling
b) Systematic sampling
c) Cluster sampling
d) Convenience sampling
13. A researcher selects every 10th name from a list of students for a survey. This method is called:
a) Random sampling
b) Stratified sampling
c) Systematic sampling
d) Cluster sampling
14. Which of the following is an example of convenience sampling?
a) Selecting every 5th person from a line
b) Asking the first 50 people you meet at a shopping mall to complete a survey
c) Dividing a population into strata and sampling from each group
d) Selecting a random sample from a list of phone numbers
15. What type of sampling involves selecting groups or clusters and then sampling all individuals within those clusters?
a) Cluster sampling
b) Simple random sampling
c) Stratified sampling
d) Convenience sampling
16. The ordinal level of measurement:
a) Has no meaningful order or rank
b) Has a natural order but no fixed intervals
c) Has fixed intervals but no true zero
d) Has both fixed intervals and a true zero
17. Which of the following is an example of interval data?
a) Temperature in Celsius
b) Age of a person
c) Income level
d) Nationality
18. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
a) The height of a person
b) The amount of fertilizer used
c) The weight of an individual
d) The time spent studying
19. A variable that is manipulated in an experiment is called:
a) Independent variable
b) Dependent variable
c) Confounding variable
d) Control variable
20. Which sampling method involves equal probability of selection for each member of the population?
a) Simple random sampling
b) Cluster sampling
c) Stratified sampling
d) Convenience sampling
21. In which type of sampling do we select individuals based on their availability or ease of access?
a) Probability sampling
b) Non-probability sampling
c) Stratified sampling
d) Systematic sampling
22. Which of the following is an example of probability sampling?
a) Asking people in a mall to complete a survey
b) Selecting every 10th student from a class list
c) Polling a random group of students from one college
d) Asking friends to participate in a survey
23. In non-probability sampling, what is guaranteed?
a) Every individual has an equal chance of being selected
b) The sample is always representative of the population
c) The researcher uses subjective judgment to select individuals
d) All individuals in the population have a known probability of being selected
24. Which of the following is an example of a sampling unit?
a) A population of all college students
b) A list of all phone numbers in a city
c) A random number generator
d) A questionnaire filled by survey participants
25. The sampling frame is important because:
a) It determines the size of the sample
b) It ensures the sample is representative of the population
c) It increases the cost of the study
d) It provides random selection of participants
26. A frequency distribution table:
a) Displays data in a pie chart format
b) Summarizes data by organizing it into categories
c) Shows individual data points without grouping
d) Only shows qualitative data
27. In a frequency distribution, the class width refers to:
a) The number of classes used
b) The difference between the upper and lower limits of each class
c) The total number of data points
d) The total number of categories used
28. In a frequency distribution table, the relative frequency shows:
a) The percentage of observations in each class
b) The total frequency of all classes
c) The cumulative frequency of all classes
d) The number of categories used in the table
29. The cumulative frequency distribution shows:
a) The total number of observations in each class
b) The number of observations in the current and all previous classes
c) The relative frequency of each class
d) The class intervals and their respective frequencies
30. The class limits in a frequency distribution table define:
a) The upper and lower bounds of each class
b) The number of observations in each class
c) The total number of data points
d) The sum of frequencies across all classes
31. Which measure of variability represents the average squared deviation from the mean?
a) Standard deviation
b) Variance
c) Range
d) Interquartile range
32. What is the purpose of measuring variability?
a) To determine the mean of a data set
b) To understand the spread of data values
c) To calculate the most frequent value
d) To identify the central tendency of the data
33. The range in a data set is calculated by:
a) Subtracting the smallest value from the largest value
b) Finding the average of all values
c) Determining the value that occurs most frequently
d) Adding all values together and dividing by the number of values
34. Which of the following is true about the standard deviation?
a) It is always larger than the variance
b) It represents the average of the data points
c) It is the square root of the variance
d) It is always a whole number
35. The mean is calculated by:
a) Adding all the values and dividing by the number of values
b) Finding the middle value of the data
c) The most frequent value in the data
d) Subtracting the smallest value from the largest value
36. The mode is defined as:
a) The most frequently occurring value
b) The middle value in the data
c) The value that divides the data into two equal parts
d) The average of the data values
37. In a frequency distribution, the class mark is:
a) The midpoint of each class interval
b) The frequency of each class
c) The upper and lower limits of each class
d) The total number of data points in the class
38. The range is calculated by:
a) Subtracting the median from the mode
b) Subtracting the smallest value from the largest value
c) Dividing the sum of the values by the number of values
d) Finding the difference between the highest and lowest class marks
39. For grouped data, the variance is calculated using:
a) The sum of the differences from the median
b) The class midpoints and frequencies
c) The total of the data values
d) The difference between the highest and lowest class marks
40. A decision tree is primarily used for:
a) Statistical analysis
b) Predicting outcomes based on decision criteria
c) Data collection
d) Categorizing data
41. In a decision tree, what do the branches represent?
a) Different decisions and outcomes
b) The values of variables
c) The categories of data
d) The probability of an event
42. What type of analysis typically uses decision trees?
a) Regression analysis
b) Classification and prediction
c) Time series analysis
d) Hypothesis testing
43. In decision trees, leaf nodes represent:
a) Possible decisions
b) Outcomes or classes
c) Criteria for splitting data
d) Probabilities of outcomes
44. Which of the following is an advantage of using decision trees?
a) They require no data preparation
b) They are easy to interpret and visualize
c) They are always 100% accurate
d) They do not require data to be numeric
45. Decision trees are often used in which field?
a) Predictive modeling
b) Time series forecasting
c) Data cleaning
d) Statistical hypothesis testing
46. Which is a disadvantage of decision trees?
a) They are easy to understand
b) They may overfit the data if not properly pruned
c) They require little computational resources
d) They are suited for time series analysis
47. Which technique can be used to prevent overfitting in decision trees?
a) Cross-validation
b) Pruning
c) Normalization
d) Feature scaling
48. Which of the following is a disadvantage of decision trees?
a) They provide a clear visual representation of decisions
b) They can handle both numerical and categorical data
c) They are prone to becoming biased if the data is unbalanced
d) They can be easily pruned to avoid overfitting
49. What does a "leaf node" represent in a decision tree?
a) The feature used for splitting the data
b) The intermediate decision point in the tree
c) The outcome or class label of a decision
d) The probability of an event
50. Which of the following is an advantage of decision trees?
a) They cannot handle missing values
b) They are sensitive to small changes in the data
c) They can handle both numerical and categorical data
d) They require a large amount of computational power

Prepared by:
Felina Joy C. Artoza, LPT
Instructor