S&AS: STAT2602 Probability and statistics II

A LIST OF STATISTICAL FORMULAE

✓ ◆
dr
1. MX (t) = E(etX ). E(X r ) = MX (t) .
dtr t=0
n n
1X 1X
2 2
2. X = Xi . S = Xi X .
n i=1 n i=1

X µ
3. CLT: p ⇡ N(0, 1) for large n.
/ n
1
4. Uniform distribution U (a, b) pdf: f (x) = b a
for x 2 [a, b].
2 1
5. Chi-square distribution k ’s pdf: f (x) = 2k/2 (k/2)
xk/2 1 e x/2 for x > 0.

nS 2 2 X µ
6. Normal population =) 2
⇠ n 1, p ⇠ tn 1 .
S/ n 1
⌫
X 2
2 Z ⌫1 /⌫1
7. ⌫ ⇠ Zi2 . t⌫ ⇠ p . F⌫1 ,⌫2 ⇠ 2 /⌫
.
2 /⌫ 2
i=1 ⌫ ⌫2

h i h i2
ˆ = E(✓)
8. Bias(✓) ˆ ✓. E (✓ˆ ˆ + Bias(✓)
✓)2 = Var(✓) ˆ .
"✓ ◆2 # 
@ log f (X; ✓) @ 2 log f (X; ✓) ˆ 1
9. I(✓) = E =E . Var(✓) .
@✓ @✓2 nI(✓)

10. f (x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ; ✓) = g (u(x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ), ✓) · h(x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ).

X µ X µ0
11. p 0. p .
0/ n S/ n 1
X Y X Y n1 S12 + n2 S22
12. q 2 . q , where Sp2 = .
2
Sp n11 + 1 n1 + n2 2
1
n1
+ 2
n2 n2
!
s ns2 ns2
13. x ± z↵/2 p . x ± t↵/2,n 1p . 2
, 2
.
n n 1 ↵/2,n 1 1 ↵/2,n 1
s ✓ ◆ s
2 2 nx s2x + ny s2y 1
x y 1
14. x y ± z↵/2 + . x y ± t↵/2,nx +ny 2 + .
n1 n2 nx + ny 2 nx ny
✓ ◆
nx (ny 1)s2x 1 nx (ny 1)s2x
· , · F↵/2,ny 1,nx 1 .
ny (nx 1)s2y F↵/2,nx 1,ny 1 ny (nx 1)s2y
1
15. F1 ↵,m,n = .
F↵,n,m
2
16. 2 ln ⇤ ! d as n ! 1.

P. 6 of 8
S&AS: STAT2602 Probability and statistics II

Cumulative distribution function (x) for N(0, 1)

x 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7703 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990

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S&AS: STAT2602 Probability and statistics II

Upper percentile for the student’s t distribution t⌫

⌫ 60.0% 66.7% 75.0% 80.0% 87.5% 90.0% 95.0% 97.5% 99.0% 99.5% 99.9%

1 0.325 0.577 1.000 1.376 2.414 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 318.31
2 0.289 0.500 0.816 1.061 1.604 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327
3 0.277 0.476 0.765 0.978 1.423 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.215
4 0.271 0.464 0.741 0.941 1.344 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173
5 0.267 0.457 0.727 0.920 1.301 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893
6 0.265 0.453 0.718 0.906 1.273 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208
7 0.263 0.449 0.711 0.896 1.254 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785
8 0.262 0.447 0.706 0.889 1.240 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501
9 0.261 0.445 0.703 0.883 1.230 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297
10 0.260 0.444 0.700 0.879 1.221 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144
11 0.260 0.443 0.697 0.876 1.214 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025
12 0.259 0.442 0.695 0.873 1.209 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930
13 0.259 0.441 0.694 0.870 1.204 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852
14 0.258 0.440 0.692 0.868 1.200 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787
15 0.258 0.439 0.691 0.866 1.197 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733
16 0.258 0.439 0.690 0.865 1.194 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686
17 0.257 0.438 0.689 0.863 1.191 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646
18 0.257 0.438 0.688 0.862 1.189 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610
19 0.257 0.438 0.688 0.861 1.187 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579
20 0.257 0.437 0.687 0.860 1.185 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552
21 0.257 0.437 0.686 0.859 1.183 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527
22 0.256 0.437 0.686 0.858 1.182 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505
23 0.256 0.436 0.685 0.858 1.180 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485
24 0.256 0.436 0.685 0.857 1.179 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467
25 0.256 0.436 0.684 0.856 1.178 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450
1 0.253 0.431 0.674 0.842 1.150 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090

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