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Mark Jaspher I

The document provides an overview of computers, including their definition, evolution through generations, classifications by size, purpose, and functionality, as well as their applications in various fields. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computers, their characteristics such as speed and accuracy, and compares them to humans. Additionally, it defines a computer system and outlines its components, including hardware, software, peopleware, and communication devices.

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Mark Jaspher Cadorna
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6 views4 pages

Mark Jaspher I

The document provides an overview of computers, including their definition, evolution through generations, classifications by size, purpose, and functionality, as well as their applications in various fields. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computers, their characteristics such as speed and accuracy, and compares them to humans. Additionally, it defines a computer system and outlines its components, including hardware, software, peopleware, and communication devices.

Uploaded by

Mark Jaspher Cadorna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MARK JASPHER I.

CADORNA

BSCE-ID

1.What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic device capable of performing computations, processing data, and


executing instructions to solve problems or accomplish tasks. It takes input, processes it
according to predefined instructions (software), and provides output. Computers are used in
various fields, including education, business, healthcare, and entertainment.

2. Discuss the Evolution of Computers

The evolution of computers can be categorized into several generations:

 First Generation (1940–1956):


Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. Examples: ENIAC,
UNIVAC.
 Second Generation (1956–1963):
Used transistors, which were smaller, faster, and more efficient than vacuum tubes.
 Third Generation (1964–1971):
Introduced integrated circuits (ICs), further reducing size and cost while increasing
processing power.
 Fourth Generation (1971–Present):
Used microprocessors, which integrated thousands of ICs on a single chip. Personal
computers became widespread.
 Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond):
Focuses on artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and advanced technologies.

3. What are the classifications of Computers

a) According to Size:

1. Supercomputers:
Extremely powerful machines used for complex computations (e.g., weather forecasting).
2. Mainframe Computers:
Large systems used by enterprises for bulk data processing.
3. Minicomputers:
Medium-sized computers used in manufacturing and business applications.
4. Microcomputers (Personal Computers):
Includes desktops, laptops, and tablets, designed for individual use.

b) According to Purpose:

1. General Purpose Computers:


Perform a wide range of tasks (e.g., desktops, laptops).
2. Special Purpose Computers:
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., ATMs, embedded systems).

c) According to Functionality:

1. Analog Computers:
Handle continuous data (e.g., in engineering simulations).
2. Digital Computers:
Work with discrete data (e.g., binary systems).
3. Hybrid Computers:
Combine features of both analog and digital computers.

4. Identify various applications of Computers

1. . Education: Online learning, simulations, and virtual classrooms.


2. Healthcare: Patient monitoring, diagnostics, and research.
3. Business: Data management, communication, and automation.
4. Entertainment: Gaming, streaming, and digital art.
5. Science and Research: Space exploration, data analysis, and simulations.
6. Government: Record keeping, e-governance, and public services.
7. Transportation: GPS, traffic control, and autonomous vehicles.

5. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers?

Advantages:

1. Speed: Processes tasks in microseconds.


2. Accuracy: Minimal errors when programmed correctly.
3. Storage: Stores vast amounts of data compactly.
4. Automation: Reduces human effort.
5. Connectivity: Enables global communication and collaboration.

Disadvantages:

1. Cost: High initial cost of advanced systems.


2. Dependency: Over-reliance can lead to productivity issues during downtimes.
3. Health Issues: Prolonged usage may cause eye strain and posture problems.
4. Cybersecurity Risks: Vulnerable to hacking and data breaches.

6. Discuss
the typical characteristics of computers namely speed, accuracy, efficiency,
storage, capacity, and versatility.

 Speed:
Computers process data at incredible speeds, executing millions of instructions per second.
 Accuracy:
They produce error-free results when programmed correctly.

 Efficiency:
Performs repetitive and complex tasks without fatigue.

 Storage:
Can store large volumes of data for immediate or future use.

 Capacity:
Memory and processing power vary across devices but are constantly increasing with
advancements.

 Versatility:
Capable of multitasking, ranging from simple calculations to running sophisticated simulations

7. What are the similarities and differences between computers and Humans?

Similarities:

1. Both process information and solve problems.


2. Both require input to produce output.
3. Both can store information (memory).

Differences:

1. Speed: Computers are exponentially faster.


2. Intelligence: Humans have creativity and emotional intelligence; computers do not.
3. Learning: Humans can learn independently; computers rely on programming.
4. Physical Dependency: Humans require rest, whereas computers can work continuously.

8. What is a Computer System?


A computer system is a complete setup that includes hardware, software, and peripheral devices
working together to perform tasks. It consists of the central processing unit (CPU), memory,
storage, and input/output devices.
9. What are the Components of a Computer System? Describe comprehensively.

a) Hardware:

1. Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner.


2. Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.
3. Processing Unit: Central Processing Unit (CPU) for executing instructions.
4. Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, USB drives.
b) Software:

1. System Software: Operating systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS.


2. Application Software: Programs like MS Office, browsers, and games.

c) Peopleware:

Refers to the users who interact with the computer.

d) Communication Devices:

Hardware that allows communication between systems (e.g., modems, routers).

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