TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CODE: 408

(DEGREE STANDARD)

UNIT I PROGRAMMING IN C, PYTHON AND OBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING

C Programming:

Introduction to IT – Problem Solving – C Programming – Constants –

Variables – Data Types – Expressions – Input/Output Operations –
Decision Making and Branching Statements – Looping Statements –
Arrays – Initialization – Declaration – One dimensional and Two
dimensional arrays. String – string operations – String Arrays. Simple
programs – sorting – searching – matrix operations – Function –
Definition of function – Declaration of function – Pass by value – Pass by
reference – Recursion – Pointers – Definition – Initialization – Pointers
arithmetic - Pointers and arrays – structure date type – structure
definition – Structure declaration – Structure within a structure – Union –
Programs using structures and Unions – Storage classes, Pre-processor
directives - File Handling

Python Programming:

Python Interpreter and Interactive Mode-Data types-Statements-

Expressions-Boolean Values and Operators-Strings-Arrays of Numbers-
Lists-Tuples-Dictionaries-Functions-File Reading and Writing

Object Oriented Programming:

C++ Programming features – Data Abstraction – Encapsulation – Class –

Object – constructors – static members – constant members – member
functions – pointers – references – Role of this pointer – Storage classes
– function as arguments – String Handling – Copy Constructor –
Polymorphism – compile time and run time polymorphisms – Function
overloading – operators overloading – dynamic memory allocation –
Nested classes – Inheritance – virtual functions. Abstract class –
Exception handling – Standard libraries – Generic Programming –
templates – class template – function template – STL - containers –
iterators – function adaptors – allocators – Parameterizing the class – File
handling concepts.

UNIT-II DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS

Linear Data Structures – Abstract Data Types (ADTs) – List ADT – array
based implementation – linked list implementation – singly linked lists –
circularly linked lists – doubly-linked lists – applications of lists –
Polynomial Manipulation – All operation (Insertion, Deletion, Merge,
Traversal) – Stack ADT – Evaluating arithmetic expressions – other
applications – Queue ADT – circular queue implementation – Double
ended Queues – Priority Queues - application of queues – Trees: Binary
Tree - Binary Search Tree-Tree Traversals –Operations- AVL Tree-Splay
Tree-Red Black Tree- Binary Heap- Skew Heap- Leftist Heap - Binomial
Heap-Fibonacci Heap- Sorting algorithms: Insertion sort – Selection sort
– Shell sort – Bubble sort – Quick sort – Merge sort – Radix sort – Heap
Sort - Searching: Linear search – Binary Search - Hashing: Hash
Functions – Separate Chaining – Open Addressing – Rehashing –
Extendible Hashing – Graph Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree –
Shortest Path Algorithms - Graph Traversals -Directed Acyclic Graph-
Topological Ordering-All Pair Shortest Path Algorithms- Floyd Warshall
algorithm- Bellman Ford Algorithm-Network Flow Algorithms- Ford
Fulkerson Algorithm-Amortized Analysis of Algorithms - Algorithm
Analysis: Asymptotic Analysis-Solving Recurrence Equations-Algorithm
Design Techniques-Greedy Algorithms-Dynamic Programming-Divide and
Conquer- Back Tracking-Complexity classes – P, NP, NP Complete, NP
Hard.

UNIT III-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES, COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND

IoT CONCEPTS

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES – Review of Number Systems –

Arithmetic Operations – Binary Codes – Boolean Algebra and Theorems –
Boolean Functions – Simplification of Boolean Functions using Karnaugh
Map and Tabulation Methods – Logic Gates – NAND and NOR
Implementations. COMBINATIONAL LOGIC – Combinational Circuits –
Analysis and Design Procedures – Circuits for Arithmetic Operations, Code
Conversion – Decoders and Encoders – Multiplexers and Demultiplexers –
Introduction to HDL – HDL Models of combinational circuits – SEQUENTIAL
LOGIC - Sequential Circuits – Latches and Flips Flops – Analysis and
Design Procedures – State Reduction and State Assignment – Shift
Registers – Counters – HDL for Sequential Logic Circuits – Computer
Organization – Components of a computer system – Technology –
Performance – Power Wall - Uniprocessors to multiprocessors;
Instructions – operations and operands – representing instructions –
Logical operations – control operations – Addressing and addressing
modes – ALU – Addition and subtraction – Multiplication – Division –
Floating Point operations – PROCESSOR AND CONTROL UNIT – Basic MIPS
Implementation – Building datapath – Control Implementation scheme –
Pipelining – Pipelined datapath and control – Handling Data hazards &
Control hazards – Exceptions – MEMORY AND I/O SYSTEMS – Memory
hierarchy – Memory technologies – Cache basics – Measuring and
improving cache performance – Virtual memory, TLBs – Input/ output
system, programmed I/O, DMA and interrupts, I/O processors.

8-Bit Embedded Processor - IOT Devices – Arduino - Sensors and

Actuators - IOT Communication Models and API - Communication
Protocols - Programming and Interfacing - Connecting to the Cloud.

UNIT – IV PROBABILITY AND QUEUEING THEORY

RANDOM VARIABLES – Discrete and continuous random variables –

Moments – Moment generating functions – Binomial, Poisson, Geometric,
Uniform, Exponential, Gamma and Normal distributions – TWO –
DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES – Joint distributions – Marginal and
conditional distributions – Covariance – Correlation and Linear regression
– Transformation of random variables – RANDOM PROCESSES –
Classification – Stationary process – Markov process – Poisson process –
Discrete parameter Markov chain – Chapman Kolmogorov equations –
Limiting distributions – QUEUEING MODELS – Markovian queues – Birth
and Death processes – Single and multiple server queueing models –
Little’s formula – Queues with finite waiting rooms – Queues with
impatient customers: Balking and reneging.

UNIT – V DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION TO DBMS – File Systems Organization – Sequential,

Pointer, Indexed, Direct – Purpose of Database System – Database
System Terminologies – Database Characteristics – Data models – Types
of data models – Components of DBMS – Relational Algebra. LOGICAL
DATABASE DESIGN: Relational DBMS – Codd’s Rule – Entity –
Relationship model – Extended ER Normalization – Functional
Dependencies, Anomaly – 1 NF to 5 NF – Domain Key Normal Form –
Denomalization. SQL & QUERY OPTIMIZATION – SQL Standards – Data
types – Database Objects – DDL – DML – DCL – TCL – Embedded SQL –
Static vs Dynamic SQL – QUERY OPTIMIZATION: Query Processing and
Optimization – Heuristics and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization –
TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL –
Introduction – Properties of Transaction – Serializability – Concurrency
Control – Locking Mechanisms – Two Phase Commit Protocol – Dead lock
– TRENDS IN DATABASE TECHNOLOGY – RAID – File Organization –
Organization of Records in Files – Indexing and Hashing – Ordered Indices
– B+ tree Index Files – B tree Index Files – Static Hashing – Dynamic
Hashing – Object Oriented Database Management Systems-Object
Oriented Relational Database management Systems

Introduction to Distributed Databases – Multidimensional and Parallel

databases – Spatial and Multimedia databases – Mobile and web
databases – Data Warehouse – Mining – Data marts - NoSQL Database-
CAP Theorem - Document Based Systems-Key Value Stores-Column
Based Database-Graph Database-Database Security-Access Control
Mechanisms-Big Data-Big Data Analytics-Big Data Tools

UNIT-VI OPERATING SYSTEMS AND CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES

OPERATING SYSTEMS OVERVIEW – Computer System Overview – Basic

Elements, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache
Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and Multicore
Organization. Operating system overview – objectives and functions,
Evolution of Operating System – Computer System Organization –
Operating System Structure and Operations –System Calls, System
Programs, OS Generation and System Boot – PROCESS MANAGEMENT –
Processes – Process Concepts, Process Scheduling, Operations on
Processes, Interprocess Communication; Threads – Overview, Multicore
Programming, Multithreading Models; Windows 7 – Thread and SMP
Management. Process Synchonization – Critical Section Problem, Mutex
Locks, Semaphores, Monitors; CPU Scheduling and Deadlocks – STORAGE
MANAGEMENT – Main Memory – Contiguous Memory – Allocation,
Segmentation, Paging, 32 and 64 bit architecture Examples; Virtual
Memory – Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Allocation, Thrashing;
Allocating Kernel Memory, OS Examples – I/O SYSTEMS – Mass Storage
Structure – Overview, Disk Scheduling and Management; File System
Storage – File Concepts, Directory and Disk Structure, Sharing and
Protection; File System Implementation – File System Structure, Directory
Structure, Allocation Methods, Free space Management; I/O Systems.

Distributed Systems: Distributed System Models-Distributed

Communications-Global States-Causal Ordering of Events-Distributed
Mutual Exclusion Algorithms-Deadlock detection in Distributed Systems-
Consensus and Agreement Algorithms

Cloud Technologies: Cloud Characteristics-Cloud Service and Deployment

Models-Virtualization-Virtual Machines-Server, Network and Storage
Virtualization-Hypervisor-Cloud Security Requirements-Threats: Malicious
Attacks-Events and Alerts- Security Information and Event Management -
Hadoop –Map Reduce Technique.

UNIT –VII SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

SOFTWARE PROCESS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Introduction to

Software Engineering, Software Process, Perspective and Specialized
Process Models - Software Project Management: Estimation – LOC and FP
Based Estimation, COCOMO Model – Project Scheduling – Scheduling,
Earned Value Analysis – Risk Management – Introduction to Agility - Agile
Process - Extreme Programming - XP Process - REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
AND SPECIFICAION – Software Requirement: Functional and Non –
functional, User requirements, System requirement, Software
Requirements - Document – Requirement Engineering Process : feasibility
Studies, Requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation,
requirements management – Classical analysis: Structured system
Analysis, Petri Nets – Data Dictionary - SOFTWARE DESIGN –Design
process design Concepts – Design Model – Design Heuristic –Architectural
Design – Architectural styles, architectural Design, Architectural mapping
using dataflow – User Interface Design: Interface Analysis, Interface
design – Component level Design: Designing Class based components,
Traditional Components –TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION –Software
testing fundamental – Internal and external views of Testing – white box
testing – basis path testing - control structure testing – black box
testing – Regression Testing – Unit Testing – Integration Testing –
Validation Testing – System Testing and Debugging – Software
Implementation Techniques : Coding practices – Refactoring –PROJECT
MANAGEMENT –Cost Estimation – FP Based, LOC Based, Make /Buy
Decision, COCOMO II – Planning – Project Plan, Planning Process, RFP
Risk Management – Identification, Projection, RMMM – Scheduling and
Tracking – Relationship between people and effort, Task Set & Network,
Scheduling, EVA – Process and Project Metrics - DEVOPS Essentials - Build
Model Using MAVEN - Building DEVOPS using Azure.

UNIT –VIII WEB TECHNOLOGY

SCRIPTING LANGUAGES –Web page designing using HTML, Scripting

basics – Client side and server side scripting. Java Script – Object, names,
literals, operators and expressions – statements and features – events –
windows –documents – frames –date types –built-in functions – Browser
object model – Verifying forms – HTML5 – CSS3 – HTML 5 canvas – Web
site creation using tools – Event Handling- PhP Scripting - JAVA
PROGRAMMING – Features of java – Data types, variables and arrays –
Operators – Control statements – Classes and Methods – Inheritance.
Packages and Interfaces – Exception Handling – Multithreaded
Programming – Input / Output – files – Utility Classes – Strong Handling –
JDBC – JDBC Overview –JDBC implementation – Connection class –
Statements – Catching Database Results, handling database Queries.
Networking –Inet Address class – URL class – TCP sockets – UDP sockets,
Java Beans –RMI – APPLETs – Java applets – Life Cycle of an Applet –
Adding Images to an Applet – Adding Sound to an Applet – Passing
Parameters to an Applet - Event Handling. Introducing AWT: Working with
Windows Graphics and Text. Using AWT Controls, Layout Managers and
Menus. Servlet – life cycle of a servlet. The Servlet API, Handling HTTP
Request and Response, Using Cookies, Session Tracking - MVC
Architecture – Nodejs - Events – Listeners – Timers - Callbacks - Handling
Data - Implementing HTTP Service in Nodejs – NOSQL – MongoDB –
Frameworks – SPRING – MERN – MEAN - Flutter

UNIT –IX COMPUTER NETWORKS

NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS & LINK LAYER –Building a network-

requirements – Layering and protocols – Internet Architecture – Network
software – Performance; Link layer Services – Framing – Error Detection
– Flow control – MEDIA ACCESS & INTERNETWORKING – Media access
control- Ethernet (802.3) – wireless LANs -802.11 – Bluetooth – switching
and bridging – Basic Internetworking (IP, CIDR, ARP, DHCP, ICMP)-
ROUTING – Routing (RIP, OSPF, metrics) – Switch basics – Global
Internet (Areas, BGP, IPv6), Multicast – addresses – multicast routing
(DVMRP, PIM) - TRANSPORT LAYER – Overview of Transport layer – UDP-
Reliable byte stream (TCP) – Connection management – Flow control –
Retransmission – TCP Congestion control – Congestion avoidance (DECbit,
RED) – QoS – Application requirements – APPLICATION LAYER -
Traditional applications - Electronic Mail (SMTP, POP3, IMAP,MIME) HTTP
–Web Services - DNS –SNMP – Mobile Computing – Mobile Computing
Vs. wireless Networking – Mobile Computing Application – Characteristics
of Mobile Computing – Structure of Mobile Computing Applications. MAC
Protocols – Wireless MAC Issues – Fixed Assignment Schemes – Random
Assignment Schemes – Reservation Based Schemes –MOBILE INTERNET
PROTOCOL AND TRANSPORT LAYER – Overview of Mobile IP- Features of
Mobile IP- Key Mechanism in Mobile IP – Route Optimization. Overview of
TCP/ IP – Architecture of TCP/ IP – adaptation of TCP Window –
Improvement in TCP Performance – MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS – Ad-
Hoc Basic Concepts – Characteristics – Applications – Design Issues –
Routing – Essential of Traditional Routing Protocols – Popular Routing
Protocols – Vehicular AdHoc networks (VANET)- MANET Vs VANET –
Security – Cryptographic Algorithms – Caesar Cipher – Hill Cipher –
Vignere cipher – LFSR Sequences – Number Theory –GCD –Chinese
Remainder Theorem – Fermat’s Theorem and Euler’s Theorem –
Symmetric key Cryptography – DES – AES Algorithms – Public key
algorithms – RSA – Diffe–Hellman Algorithm – ElGamal System – Elliptic
Key Cryptography – Digital Signatures – Digital Certificates – Hashing –
MD5 – SHA1 – Key Management – Kerberos –PKI –IP Security – Email
Security – SSL – SET –OS Security – Database Security.

UNIT X ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MACHINE LEARNING AND

DATA SCIENCE

Artificial Intelligence: Problem Solving Agents-Search Algorithms-

Uninformed Search strategies-Heuristics Search Strategies-Local Search
and Optimization Problems-Adversarial Search –Constraint Satisfaction
Problem(CSP)-Logics-Propositional Logic-First Order Logic- Reasoning:
Probabilistic Reasoning

Machine Learning: Types of Learning-Linear Regression Models and

Types-Logistic Regression-Bayesian Linear Regression - Gradient Descent-
Linear Classification Models - Discriminant Functions - Probabilistic
Discriminative Models-Probabilistic Generative Models- SVM-Decision Tree
- Naïve Bayes-Bayesian Modelling - Ensembling-Bagging and Boosting –
Stacking - Random Forest - Clustering-Gaussian Mixture Models -
Expectation Maximization Algorithm - K Means - Probabilistic Graphical
Models – HMM - Bayesian Inference - Neural Network - Multi Layer
Perceptron - Feed forward Neural Networks - Back Propagation -
Regularization

Data Science: Types of Data and Variables - Describing Data - Describing

Relationships – Statistical Testing-Python Libraries for Data Wrangling –
NumPY – Pandas -Data Visualization – MATPlotLIB – Seaborn – Keras -
Tensor Flow.

Note: Medium of Instruction is English only.