IEQ

MODEL ANS S22

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Industrial Engineering and Quality Control Model Answer Subject Code: 22657
XXXXX
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with
model answer.

Q. Sub Marking
Answer
No. Q. N. Scheme

Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 Marks

a. State the need of inspection.

Ans: • To ensure that part, material or a component conforms to the established standard

• To meet the interchangeability of manufacture

• To maintain the customer relation by ensuring that no faulty product reaches the 1/2 Marks
customer for each
point
• Provide the means of finding out shortcomings in manufacture
Any four
• It also helps to co-ordinate the functions of quality control, production, purchasing points
and other departments of the organization

• To take decision on the defective parts i.e. the possibility of making some of these
parts acceptable after minor repairs

b. Define ergonomics.

Ans: Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the 02 Mark
understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the for
profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to definition
optimize human well-being and overall system performance.

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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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c. Draw the symbol of following therbligs. (1 m each)

Ans: i) Transport loaded 01 Mark

ii) Search
01 Mark

d. Define process planning. (Correct Definition 2m)

Ans: Process planning is defined as the subsystem responsible for the conversion of design
data to work instruction.
02 Mark
OR for
definition
Process planning is that function within a manufacturing facility which establishes the
process and process parameters to be used (as well as those machines capable of
performing these processes) in order to convert a piece-part from its initial form to a
final form that is predetermined on a detailed engineering drawing.

e. State different SQC tools. (1m for each tool) (any two)

Ans: 1. Histogram.
2. Check Sheet. 1/2 Marks
3. Pareto Diagram. for each
tool
4. Brainstorming.
5. Cause & Effect Diagram (ishikawa/fishbone diagram)
6. Control Charts.
7. Scatter Diagram.
f. State any two symbols used in a process chart. (1m for each symbol with its meaning)
(any two)
Ans:
Sr. No. Symbol Meaning

1 Operation

2 Inspection
01 Mark
3 Transport for each
symbol
4 Delay or Temporary storage

5 Storage

6 Operation and inspection

7 Operation cum transportation

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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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g. State the quality characteristics. (Any four )

Ans: 1. Reliability: means that it should give efficient and consistent performance
2. Suitability: suitability for a specific application.
3. Durability: means it should have desired life.
4. Affordability: It should be economical.
5. Maintainability: It should be easy to maintain.
6. Aesthetic look: It should look attractive. ½ Mark for
each point
7. Satisfaction to customers: It should satisfy the customer’s requirements.
8. Safe and foolproof workability.
9. Versatility: It should be used or serve a number of purposes.
10. Economical: It should have a reasonable price.
Q.2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks

a. Explain the concept of line balancing. (Explanation with an proper example)

Ans: Line balancing means the balancing the (assembly/production) line. Suppose there are
three machines (workstations) A, B and C which can process 5, 10 and 15 pieces per unit
time respectively and the pieces flow from A to B to C (precedence constraint). Since A
has minimum capacity i.e. of processing only 5 pieces per unit time naturally work 04 Marks
station (machine) B will remain idle for 50% of its time and machine C for 66.66% of its
time. It shows that the line is unbalanced. One way to partially balance the line is to
have three machines of type A, 2 of type B, with every machined of type C.

Another approach to balance the line will be to give some other task to machines B and
C so that they do not remain idle. The main objective of line balancing will be
distributing task evenly over the work stations so that idle time of men and machines is
minimized.

b. Explain man-machine relationship in terms of ergonomics.

Ans: Man–machine system is a system in which the functions of a human operator (or a
group of operators) and a machine are integrated. This term can also be used to
emphasize the view of such a system as a single entity that interacts with external
environment.
Human factors are a system concerned with the relationship among human beings,
work place or work environment and machines. The proper integration of man and 04 Marks
machine, which is beneficial for human operator and enhances the overall system
performance, is a primary aim of the ergonomics discipline.
For eg. A manual system consists of hand tools and other aids which are coupled by a
human operator who controls the operation. Operators of such systems use their own
physical energy as the power source. The system could range from a person with a
hammer to a person with a super-strength giving exoskeleton.

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c. Compare acceptance sampling with 100% inspection. (Four points) (1m for each point)

Ans: Sr. No. Acceptance Sampling 100% inspection

1 Cost of inspection is less Cost of inspection is high

2 Subjected to sampling error Subjected to fatigue error

3 Magnitude of sampling error can be Magnitude of fatigue error cannot 01 Mark

estimated estimated for each
point
4 Only recourse for inspection in case of Not feasible when inspection involves
destructive tests. destructive tests

5 Time of inspection if less Time of inspection is more

6 Gathered data is not more suitable for Gathered data is more suitable for
further analysis by quantitative further analysis by quantitative
techniques. techniques.

d. Explain relation between ‘cost of quality’ and ‘value of quality’ with a graph.

Ans: The balance between the cost of quality and value of quality gives optimum quality of
design. The quality of design must fulfill the needs and expectations of customers, while
the production cost should be low as possible so as to earn maximum profit. The graph
shown represents cost and value of quality.

02 Mark
for graph

If we want to improve the quality of design from point 1 to 2, the cost of quality will
increase by amount A, where as the value of quality will increase by amount B.
02 Mark
Here B>A and therefore, improvement in quality at this level will yield more income. for
But, when the quality is to be improved from 2 to 3, we find here that D<C, i.e. rise in explanatio
value of quality is less than cost of quality. Hence, the quality level at point 2 is optimum n
quality of design,

Below this, the profit that can be earned is not maximized and above this it is not
economical to improve the quality of design.
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Q. 3 Attempt any THREE of the following 12 Marks

a) Enlist the allowances consider while calculating standard time and explain any one.

1. Personal Allowance.
2. Relaxation or Fatigue Allowance.
3. Delay Allowance. 01 Mark for
4. Contingency Allowance. Enlist
5. Policy Allowance.
6. Machine Interference Allowance.
1. Personal Allowance:-A worker cannot work continuously like a machine and hence
such allowances are provided to him in order to satisfy his personal needs and to
recover from the physiological and psychological effects of energy spent while
performing an operation under existing working conditions. This allowance is present in 02 Marks
any work environment. In order to satisfy personal needs, the allowance provided is for
personal allowance.5% addition to basic time are used to allow for personal needs. explanation
of any one
e.g. Drinking water, washing hands, going to washroom etc.

2. Relaxation or Fatigue Allowance:-Rest allowance is a relaxation allowance to a

worker to overcome fatigue incurred during working. Excessive fatigue affects badly the
performance of a worker. Relaxation or fatigue allowances may vary from 5% to 20% (or
even more) of the normal time from light to heavy works. 01 Mark for
example
e.g. unhealthy working conditions, physical exertion, inconvenient postures,
concentration, etc.

3. Delay Allowance:- During the working, many interruptions to the work cycle occurs.
These are the delays which may not be compensated in any way .Delay allowances may
vary from 1 to 5 % to the basic time.
e.g. Waiting for parts, materials or tools, receiving instructions from supervisors, waiting
for a crane to clear work area, answering co-workers questions etc.

4. 4. Contingency Allowance: This is a small allowance of time given to compensate such

delay as tool breakage involving removal of tool from the holder or power failures for
small duration. This allowance provides for small unavoidable delays as well as for
occasional minor extra work. This allowance should never be more than 5%.
e.g. Tool breakage involving removal of tool from the holder and all other activities to
insert new tool into the tool holder. Power failures of small duration.
5. Policy Allowance:- The policy allowance is an increment, other than bonus increment,
applied to a standard time , to provide a satisfactory level of earnings for a specified
level of performance under exceptional circumstances.The usual reason for making the
policy allowance is to line up standard times with requirements of wage agreement
between employers and trade unions.Policy allowances should be used with utmost
care and only in clearly defined circumstances.
e.g., work content

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6. Machine Interference Allowance: -Machine interference allowances are provided
when a worker is looking after two or more machines and one or more of them stop (at
random or cyclically) while he is attending to another (machine). The result, of machine
stoppages or machine interference, is loss in production or total output. Thus, for no
fault of his own, the worker suffers because of low output. Interference allowance
compensates these aspects. Machine stoppage may be cyclic or random and thus ‘cycle
interference allowances’ or ‘random interference allowances’ are specified. Cycle
interference allowances are generally given to a worker handling more than one
automatic machine which has different automatic cycle times. If the worker is attending
machine B and the automatic cycle time of machine A is over, naturally machine A will
stop and the worker is not in a position to attend the same until he makes machine B to
start. ‘Random interference allowances’ are given on machines which stop or have to be
stopped due to certain causes occurring at random.
e.g. when a yarn breaks in winding.
b) Draw OC curve and explain the producer’s risk and consumer’s risk.

02 Mark for
OC curve

Producer’s Risk:-Sometimes it happen that in spite of good quality, the sample taken
may show defective units as such the lot will be rejected. In spite of good quality the lot
is rejected, such a type of risk of rejection is known as producer’s risk. In other words, 01 Mark
the probability of rejecting a lot which has actually been satisfactory by the producer
according to acceptable quality level is known as producer’s risk. Thus, the risk of
rejecting a lot of good items is known as producer’s risk. Producer’s risk is designated
as the alpha(α) risk.

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Consumer’s Risk:- Sometimes it may happen that the quality of the lot is not good but
the sample results show good quality units as such the consumer has to accept a
defective lot. Such a risk is known as consumer’s risk. In other words, the probability of 01 Mark
accepting a lot which has actually been satisfactory by the consumer according to a
predetermined standard is known as consumer’s risk. Consumer’s risk is designated as
the Beta (β) risk.
The α risk at the AQL level and the β risk at the LTPD level establish two points from
which the sample size and acceptance number are determined.
c) Differentiate inspection and quality control.(Four points)

Sr.
N Inspection Quality Control
o

Inspection is a part of quality Quality control is a broad term, it involves

1 control inspection at particular stages, but more
inspection does not mean quality control.

Inspection is an act of checking Quality control is an effective system for

components, products at various integrating quality development, quality
stages in manufacturing and maintenance and quality improvement
2 sorting out the defective items efforts of various groups in an
from good items. organization to enable the production to
be carried out at most economical level
and to achieve satisfaction of customers.

Inspection uses precision Quality control uses devices such as 01 Mark for
measuring instruments such as statistics, control charts, acceptance one point
3
Vernier calipers, micrometers, sampling ,process capability, quality
profile projectors etc. audits etc.

Inspection is concerned with the Quality control concerned with quality of

quality of past production to judge future production. e.g. Take a sample,
conformance and sorting out inspect it, if it is defective find out the
4
defective items from good items. reasons and take corrective action, so
that such type of defects will not occur in
future.

Inspection is mainly the Everybody working in an organization is

5 responsibility of the inspectors. responsible for quality of products
produced.

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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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d) Apply principles of Ergonomics for design of control members like push button and
knobs.

Push button:-
A push button may be push-on or push-off type.They should be reasonably small. The
design of push buttons has the following distinguished features :

(a) Surface should be slightly concave, so that the finger force may be transmitted more
effectively.
(b) Diameter should be able to accommodate the fingertip without slipping.
(c) Recommended design range is as follows : Diameter : 12-15 mm ,Movement : 3-10 02 Marks
mm Resistance : 200-500 grams
(d) It is to be made of such a material which is easily distinguishable and preferably can
shine even in the dark (luminescent color may be used) so that there should be no
problem in locating it.

Knobs:-
These are rotary controls that can be operated freely by gripping it on both sides with
the fingers of one hand. They are available in different shapes such as circular, bar-
shaped, pointed and so forth.

The general design guidelines for these products are given below.

(a) The shape should be in such a manner that must be easy to feel and provide a
reliable 02 Marks
grip.
(b) Any movement required must be clearly visible.
(c) They may be used for making fine adjustment when loads are light .
(d) Thicker knob allows two or three fingers for more grip and more ease.
(e) The gear ratio should be such that it should minimize the force required to operate.
(f) Protection of scale against scratching is essential. An arc of 120 degrees can be
obtained on a single rotation. For greater angle grasps have to be changed but this
should be avoided.
(g) When several knobs are attached to an instrument panel, pointed knobs are
preferable as the adjusted position readily obtained.
Q. 4 Attempt any THREE of the following 12 Marks

a) Explain importance of TQM.

TQM is concerned with the integration of all the efforts in the organization towards
quality improvement, quality development and quality maintenance to meet full
customer satisfaction at economical levels. TQM enhance quality of work and employee
04 marks
satisfaction through participation and involvement and consequently the image of for
explanation
organization. TQM develops participative culture where each employee can directly
participate in areas relating to his work and decisions concerning his works. It is very
important for supplier as well as customer.
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TQM results:
1. Lower cost of manufacturing.
2. Lower inventory investment.
3. Reduction in product development time.
4. Shorter throughput time.
5. Lower the cost of inspection.
6. More training and improvement in skill of employees.
7. Improve business and development of good work culture.
b) Construct two handed process chart for assembly of nut, bolt and washer.

Job :- Assembly of nut, bolt and washer

Chart Begins:- Both hands free before assembly
Chart Ends:- Both hands free after assembly
Chart:- Existing/Proposed Date:- 13/06/2022
Operator:-XYZ Chart No.1

Left HandRight Hand

Sr. Description of the Symbol Sr. Description of the Symbol

activities activities
No No

1 To the bolt tray 1 To the washer tray

2 Picks up one bolt 2 Picks up one washer

04 Marks
3 Returns to original 3 Returns to initial for
position position Complete
Assembles washer over chart
4 Holding the bolt
4 bolt
5 Idle
5 To the nut tray
6 Idle
6 Picks up one nut
7 Idle
7 Returns to initial
8 Idle position
9 To the assembly tray Assemble nut to the
8
bolt
10 Puts the assembly in the
tray Idle
9
Returns to the original Idle
11 10
position
11 Idle

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c) Write any two advantages and limitations of ISO 9000.
Advantages of ISO 9000:-
1. ISO 9000 gives international recognition of ability, credibility and expertise, thereby
increasing the number of customers.
2. ISO 9000 provides a competitive edge in the domestic and global markets.
3. It motivates the employees and develops pride in them for achieving excellence in
quality. It helps to enhance quality image of the company.
4. It provides a climate for consistent improvement in quality.
5. It creates a more effective and efficient operation. 02 Marks
6. It helps to increase the level of customer satisfaction and relation. for
7. It reduces audits.
8. It helps in the improvement of the marketing process. 02
9. Enhance the motivation of employees as well as awareness and morale. advantages
10. It promotes international trade.
11.Helps in increasing the profit
12. It helps in the reduction of wastage and increase productivity.
13. It is a common tool for standardization.
14. Improvement in productivity.
15. Effective Maintenance of quality system.
Limitations of ISO 9000:-
1.Owners and managers do not have an adequate understanding of ISO 9000.
2. Most of companies have less funding available, therefore companies are finding
Difficulties to adopt ISO system.
3. ISO 9000 registration need heavy document workload.
02 Marks
4. ISO 9000 registration process require long time.
for
5. Implementation of this system is very demanding of resources.
6. Work culture need to be changed/improved. 02
Limitation

d) Differentiate between variable control chart and attribute control chart based on any
four parameters.
Parameters Variable Control Chart Attribute Control Chart

Characteristics Actual Measurements of Determining the presence of

quality characteristics quality characteristics

Data Continuous Discrete

Time More Less 01 mark for

each
Inspection High Less Parameter
Cost

Measurement Length, Temp. etc. Defective, Non -Defective.

Instruments Vernier calipers, Micrometer Gauges like Go and NOGO.

Examples X-Bar and R chart P, C, np Chart

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e) Prepare operation process sheet and sequence of operation for step turning
operation on lathe machine.

All dimensions are in mm

Operation Process Sheet:-
Part Name: ABC Material:-MS

Part No. 1234 Blank Size:- Φ53 x 105

mm

Feed Speed
Sr. Description of Tools/ DOC
Machine Gauges mm/re m/mi
No Operation Fixtures mm
v n
Clamp the blank in
chuck projected Center 3 jaw
01 -- -- -- --
105 mm outside Lathe chuck 04 Marks
Facing operation 3 jaw for
chuck complete
Center Operation
02 HSS,RHS -- 0.05 30 0.5
Lathe Process
t
ol Sheet
Turn diameter to 3 jaw
50 mm for 100 chuck HSS
Center Vernier
03 mm length R.H. 0.05 40 0.5
Lathe caliper
Turning
tool
Turn diameter to 3 jaw
35 mm for 50 mm chuck HSS
Center Vernier
04 length R.H. 0.05 40 0.5
Lathe caliper
Turning
tool
Turn diameter to 3 jaw
20 mm for 20 mm chuck HSS
05 length Center Vernier
R.H. 0.025 30 0.25
Lathe caliper
Turning
tool
Cutting Speed, Feed and Depth of Cut values are assume approximately.
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05 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 Marks

a State and explain in brief any six ergonomics consideration in design of machine
element.

Ergonomics is the science of work which removes barriers to quality and designs and
develops new systems to ensure human comfort and safety with maximum efficiency.
The following are the ergonomic considerations in design of machine element: Any six
1. Vibrations: considerati
 Vibrations are unwanted frequencies resulted from unwanted frequencies. ons
Vibrations are undesirable factor. required
 While designing of a machine, care should be taken of designing such that
minimum vibrations are generated.
 To control them, vibration absorbers, vibration dampers should be used.
2. Noise:
 Noise is also an undesirable factor considering human health.
 It should be noted that the designed machine should have minimum possible 01 Mark for
vibrations so as to maintain peace in the work environment. each
3. 3. Display: considerati
i. Displays are the device which presents the information about the state of the system. on
ii. Various machines have visual displays fitted upon them. These displays should be
located accordingly such that it becomes easy foe the operator to read and note
down the display readings.
iii. Displays should highlight the measured values without overlapping of pointing
arrow.
4. Work factor: (Factor of Safety)
 While designing of any machine which would have certain applications of loads and
forces on it, should consider appropriate stress factor, failure factors.
 It is important to conclude design safe in order to ensure safety of the operator.
5. Handles and Levers:
 The hand levers provided for the operation on the machine should have efficient
control.
 They should be located at appropriate locations so that it would be easy for an
operator to operate to operate them.
6. Location of Display and Controls:
 The various displays and controls provided for functioning of the machine should
be located at proper positions considering human body dimensions.
 E.g.: A foot lever should be so provided that it could function by standing and
sitting of the operator.

7. Thermal Conductivity:
The machine should have appropriate thermal conductivity rate in accordance with
human body temperature in order to lessen the health problems caused through
severe hot or cold conditions of machine.
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8. The controls on machine should be easily accessible and properly positioned.
9. The control operation should involve minimum motions.
10. Height of machine should be matched with the worker for operation.
11. Machine should make less noise during operation.
12. Force & power capacity required in turning the wheel as per operation or human
being can apply normally.
13. Should get the required accuracy in operation.

b Explain critical path method with suitable example and write its applications. ½ Mark

1. CPM, also known as Critical Path Method is a method used for determining the
critical path amongst the available path to reach the output. ½ Mark
2. It is showcased using a Network Diagram showing the various paths available to
complete an activity, including the time required for completion of particular
½ Mark
activity.
3. The critical path is demonstrated using a Network Diagram comprising of Network,
Events and Activity. ½ Mark
4. Network: It is a graphical representation of activities, events and time required to ½ Mark
complete the task in a logical sequence.
5. Activity: It is the time taken to complete two consecutive activities in the Critical ½ Mark
Path.
Event: These are the start and end points of an activity.

Example:

15 01 Mark for
B
C 5 example
5
D

A
3

6
E G
F 1
4

Fig.: Network Diagram for CPM

i) In above example, Event A is the start event and Event D resembles as End Event.
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ii) The network diagram shows two possible paths to complete the task assigned or to
reach till “D”.
iii) Path 1: A-B-C-D and Path 2: A-E-F-G-D
iv) Now the time required for both paths are:
Path 1: 5 + 15 + 5 = 25 minutes
Path 2: 6 + 4 + 1 + 3 =14 minutes
v) The time required for Path 1 is highest among both the paths and thus it is the
Critical Path to reach event D.

Applications:
Project Management by Project Managers, to calculate critical path in constructional 02 Mark for
application
fields, CPM is applicable to both large and small projects, taking from space
programmes to wedding or horse show. It is widely recognized and is most versatile and
potent management planning technique. CPM is a technique, used for planning and
controlling the most logical and economic sequence of operations for accomplishing a
project.

C In a manufacturing process following observations are recorded. Draw appropriate

control chart and conclude.

Sample No. Defective found out of 50

1 4

2 5

3 0

4 3

5 2

6 5

7 1

8 6

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Soln: 1. The problem is of P-chart. 01 Mark

2.

Number of jobs
Sr. Defectives % defectives
inspected
No. d (d/n x 100)
n
1 50 4 8
2 50 5 10
3 50 0 0 01 Mark
4 50 3 6
5 50 2 4
6 50 5 10
7 50 1 2
8 50 6 12
Tota Ʃn = 400 Ʃd = 26
l

1/2 Mark
= X 100 = X 100 = 6.5 %

n= = = 50 1/2 Mark

Control Limits for P-Chart are:

UCL – P= +3X
1/2 Mark
= 0.065 + 3 X
= 0.1695
= 0.1695 X 100
= 16.95%

LCL – P = -3X

= 0.065 - 3 X 1/2 Mark

= - 0.0395

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01 Mark for
graph

01Mark
Conclusion: The process is within control.

06 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 Marks

06 a Prepare outline process chart for replacement of four wheeler tyre with use of jack.

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Soln:

05 Mark for
Chart

SUMMARY:

SYMBOL

01 Mark for
FREQUENCY 8 2 Summary

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06 B Explain 5S technique with suitable example.

Soln: 1. ‘5S Technique’ is a Japanese technique used by Japanese industries to keep the
workplace in a systematic way.
2. It is related with keeping workplace clean, items sorted, proper places, and make it has
a habit.
3. The 5S are:
i. Seiri (Sort): Indicates sorting, items kept near workplace to be sorted according to set
parameters (i.e. sort out necessary and not necessary).
ii. Seiton (Set in Order): Seiton means setting in proper sequence. The workplace items to
be located in proper allocated place, so that it would be easy to access them (i.e.
searching time should be zero). 01 mark
iii. Seiso (Shine): Indicating cleaning the workplace daily to make it shine using regular for each
cleaning. So that we regularly monitor workplace. “S”
iv. Seiketsu (Standardize): Standardization to be done by following daily practices. Use meaning
standard operating procedure (SOP).
v. Shitsuke (Sustain): Indicates to maintain and follow the above techniques regularly
and consistently.
Example:
1. Application of 5S in academic excellence.
2. Application in Food Industry.
Application of 5S in Food in Industry:

a) Seiri: Describes sorting of available raw material according of parameters like

variety, quality, etc. 01 Mark
for
b) Seiton: To set in order required material to locate them in order of their sequence
example
of operation.
c) Seiso: Maintaining workplace clean.
d) Seiketsu: Standardization of process. Use standard operating procedure (SOP).
e) Shitsuke: To sustain and maintain 5S technique in order to achieve quality and
overall efficiency consistently.
c Following are the inspection result of casting for a shift. Draw appropriate control chart
and write your conclusion.
Given
A2 = 0.58, d3 = 0, d4 = 2.11
Time 7 to 8 8 to 9 9 to 10 10 to 11 to 12 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 3
(hrs) am am am 11 am 12 pm pm pm pm
No. of
defects 08 07 09 06 04 05 04 06
casting
Casting
300 350 400 400 350 350 350 320
inspected

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(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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Soln: 1. The problem is of P-chart. 01 Mark
2.
Sr. Fraction defectives
Jobs Inspected (n) Defectives (d)
No. (d/n)

1 300 08 0.0267
2 350 07 0.02
3 400 09 0.0225
4 400 06 0.015 01 Mark
5 350 04 0.0114
6 350 05 0.0142
7 350 04 0.0114
8 320 06 0.0187
Total Ʃn = 2820 Ʃd = 49

1/2 Mark
n= = = 352.5

1/2 Mark
= = = 0.0173

Control Limits for P-Chart are:

UCL – P = + 3 X
1/2 Mark
= 0.0173 + 3 X

= 0.038

LCL – P = - 3X
1/2 Mark
= 0.0173 - 3 X
= - 0.0035

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(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

01 Mark
for graph

01Mark
Conclusion: The process is within control.
END

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