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Introduction-to-research

The document outlines the concept of research, defining it as a systematic method of collecting and analyzing data to generate new knowledge. It categorizes research into four main types: Basic, Applied, Evaluation, and Action Research, each serving different purposes. Additionally, it highlights the importance, characteristics, ethics, and processes involved in conducting research.

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2 views23 pages

Introduction-to-research

The document outlines the concept of research, defining it as a systematic method of collecting and analyzing data to generate new knowledge. It categorizes research into four main types: Basic, Applied, Evaluation, and Action Research, each serving different purposes. Additionally, it highlights the importance, characteristics, ethics, and processes involved in conducting research.

Uploaded by

2008rheedcee.cosicol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RESEARCH

KAYA BA ANTEH?
What comes to mind when you hear the
word “research?”
A method of collecting, presenting, organizing,
classifying, analyzing and interpreting data and
transforming it into constructive results that seeks
to produce new sets of knowledge and practices.
usually starts with a question meant to be analyzed
systematically –, using the scientific method – to
come up with answers or solutions.
Patton (1990), 4 main types of research
are used for different purposes.
1. Basic Research- focuses on understanding and
explaining a specific phenomenon. This research is
descriptive in nature, usually answering the questions what,
why, and how.
2. Applied Research- places emphasis on looking
for possible solutions to human and societal
problems, being prescriptive in nature as it focuses on
how questions.
3 . Evaluation Research (Summative and Formative)-
studies the processes and outcomes of a solution aimed
towards a specific problem.
Formative research- seeks to improve human actions
regarding specific conditions on a specific problem,
Summative research- focuses on judging the
effectiveness of a program, policy, or product (the
solution).
4. Action Research- tries to solve problems
within a school, organization, or community.
The researchers in this type of study are usually those
within the program, organization, or community, in
contrast with other research types in which the
researcher is usually outside of the phenomenon to
be studied.
Importance of Research
Brings new knowledge
Clears issues
Solves problems
Trains one’s mind
Assists human needs and wants, develops
society, and leads to progress
Characteristics of Research
Systematic

Ethical Empirical

Contextual Clear
Ethics of Research
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
5. Openness
6. Respect for Intellectual Property
7. Confidentiality
8. Responsible Publication
9. Responsible Mentoring
10. Respect to Colleagues
11. Social Responsibility
12. Non-Discrimination
13. Competence
14. Legality
15. Animal Care
16. Human Subjects Protection
Outline and Process of a
Research
Chapter 1: The Problem and its
Background
a. Introduction, Background of the Study
b. Statement of the Problem
c. Scope and Delimitation (Limitation)
d. Significance of the Study
Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Review of Related Studies
c. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
d. Hypothesis of the Study
e. Assumptions of the Study
f. Definition of Terms
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
a. Research Design
b. Respondents of the Study
c. Instruments of the Study
d. Validity and Reliability
e. Statistical Treatment
Chapter 4: Results and
Discussions
a. Presentation and
interpretation of data findings
Chapter 5: Summary, Implication
and Outcome
A. Summary of Findings
B. Conclusions
C. Recommendation
Steps in the Research Processes
1. Observing a phenomenon
2. Determining a problem
3. Describing the problem
4. Setting goals (research objective)
5. Determining the trends and gaps of the research
(lapses in knowledge)
6. Seek readings that will support the research rationale
7. Review the literature
8. Collect primary data
9. Present the data acquired
10. Interpret the data acquired
11. Summarize the findings
12. Draw conclusions
13. Recommend/share the research
Kinds of Research

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Mix-Method


Qualitative Research
that seeks to describe and understand phenomena as
experienced by the respondents,
based on the perspectives, preferences, attitudes, and
attributes of the individuals, with the goal of gaining insight
into the phenomena under investigation.
It focuses on explaining thoughts, perspectives, and
behaviors deeply. It does not emphasize objective and
numerical data as it is focused on identifying underlying
reasons for a particular phenomenon.
Interviews using open-ended questions, content
analysis, observations. Open-ended questions are
used because such questions provide opportunities
for the respondents to explain their responses, giving
more details and a personal account of the
phenomena under study.
A small sample size (number of
respondents) is also used by this paradigm
since all the content of the responses from
the samples
are considered in the study.

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