ASSIGNMENT FOUR

NUMBER SYSTEMS AND BASE CONVERSIONS

DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION : (24/10/2024)
Basic Number Systems (Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal)
1. Convert the binary number 110101₂ to decimal.
2. Convert the decimal number 157 to binary.
3. Convert the hexadecimal number 3F4A₁₆ to decimal.
4. Convert the octal number 725₈ to decimal.
5. Convert the decimal number 255 to hexadecimal.
6. Convert the binary number 10101101₂ to hexadecimal.
7. Convert the hexadecimal number A5₁₆ to binary.
8. Convert the octal number 157₈ to binary.
9. Convert the binary number 1110100110₂ to octal.
10. Convert the decimal number 456 to octal.
Advanced Base Conversion and Arithmetic
11. Perform binary addition: 1101₂ + 1011₂.
12. Perform binary subtraction: 10001₂ - 1010₂.
13. Convert the hexadecimal number 1ABF₁₆ to octal.
14. Perform hexadecimal addition: A5₁₆ + 3E₁₆.
15. Convert the decimal number 1023 to binary and hexadecimal.
16. Convert the binary number 1011001101₂ to octal and
hexadecimal.
17. Perform octal multiplication: 23₈ × 5₈.
18. Perform binary multiplication: 1011₂ × 110₂.
19. Convert the hexadecimal number B7F₁₆ to binary and octal.
20. Convert the binary number 111010011010₂ to decimal and
hexadecimal.
21. Additional Base Conversion Questions
22. Convert the binary number 10011011101₂ to octal.
23. Convert the octal number 576₈ to hexadecimal.
24. Convert the decimal number 1000 to binary, octal, and
hexadecimal.
25. Convert the hexadecimal number F2A₁₆ to binary.
26. Convert the binary number 111101111₁₆ to decimal.
27. Convert the octal number 345₈ to binary and hexadecimal.
28. Convert the hexadecimal number 7F4C₁₆ to octal.
29. Perform hexadecimal subtraction: F3₁₆ - A9₁₆.
30. Convert the decimal number 512 to binary and octal.
31. Convert the binary number 110110110011₂ to decimal, octal,
and hexadecimal.
32. What is the largest decimal value you can represent with 8 bits in
binary?
33. How many unique values can be represented with 4 hexadecimal
digits?
34. What is the binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number FF₁₆?
35. What is the result of adding the octal numbers 176₈ and 45₈?
36. Convert the binary number 10101010₂ to Gray code.
37. What is the 2’s complement of the binary number 1101₂?
 38. Convert the signed binary number 11101011₂ (using 8-bit 2’s
complement notation) to decimal.
39. Convert the decimal number -45 to its 8-bit binary 2’s
complement form.
40. Perform binary division: 110110₂ ÷ 101₂.
41. Explain the difference between the binary number system and
the hexadecimal number system in terms of base and digits used.
42.

1.
Convert the binary number 110101₂ to decimal.
53
To convert a binary number to decimal, each digit is multiplied by 2 raised to
the power of its position, starting from the rightmost digit as position 0. The
results are then added together. In this case:
(1 × 2⁵) + (1 × 2⁴) + (0 × 2³) + (1 × 2²) + (0 × 2¹) + (1 × 2⁰) = 32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 +
1 = 53.
2.
Convert the decimal number 157 to binary.
10011101₂
To convert a decimal number to binary, you repeatedly divide by 2 and note
down the remainders. The remainders, read from bottom to top, form the
binary equivalent.
3.
Convert the hexadecimal number 3F4A₁₆ to decimal.
16202
To convert a hexadecimal number to decimal, each hexadecimal digit is
multiplied by 16 raised to the power of its position, starting from the
rightmost digit as position 0. Then, the results are added together. Applying
this to 3F4A₁₆:
(3 × 16³) + (F × 16²) + (4 × 16¹) + (A × 16⁰) = 12288 + 3840 + 64 + 10 = 16202.
4.
Convert the octal number 725₈ to decimal.
469
To convert an octal number to decimal, each digit is multiplied by 8 raised to
the power of its position, starting from the rightmost digit as position 0. The
results are then added. For 725₈:
(7 × 8²) + (2 × 8¹) + (5 × 8⁰) = 448 + 16 + 5 = 469.
5.
Convert the decimal number 255 to hexadecimal.
FF₁₆
To convert a decimal number to hexadecimal, you repeatedly divide by 16
and note the remainders. The remainders, read from bottom to top, form
the hexadecimal equivalent. If a remainder is greater than 9, it's represented
by letters A-F (A for 10, B for 11, and so on).
6.
Convert the binary number 10101101₂ to hexadecimal.
AD₁₆
To convert binary to hexadecimal, group the binary number into sets of 4
bits, starting from the right. Convert each 4-bit group to its hexadecimal
equivalent. For 10101101₂:
1010 = A and 1101 = D. Therefore, the hexadecimal equivalent is AD₁₆.
7.
Convert the hexadecimal number A5₁₆ to binary.
10100101₂
To convert a hexadecimal number to binary, replace each hexadecimal digit
with its 4-bit binary equivalent. For A5₁₆:
A = 1010 and 5 = 0101, resulting in 10100101₂.
8.
Convert the octal number 157₈ to binary.
1101111₂
To convert an octal number to binary, replace each octal digit with its 3-bit
binary equivalent.
For 157₈:
1 = 001, 5 = 101, and 7 = 111.
Combining these gives 001101111₂, which can be simplified to 1101111₂.
9.
Convert the binary number 1110100110₂ to octal.
3516₈
To convert a binary number to octal, group the binary digits into sets of 3
bits, starting from the right. Convert each 3-bit group to its octal equivalent.
For 1110100110₂:
111 = 7, 010 = 2, 011 = 3, and 0 (add a leading zero to complete the group) =
0.
Combining these, we get 7230₈, which can be simplified to 3516₈.
10.
Convert the decimal number 456 to octal.
710₈
To convert a decimal number to octal, repeatedly divide by 8 and note the
remainders. Read the remainders from bottom to top to form the octal
equivalent.
11.
Perform binary addition: 1101₂ + 1011₂.
11000₂
Binary addition follows these rules: 0 + 0 = 0, 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 0 = 1, and 1 + 1 =
10 (where 1 is carried over to the next position).
12.
Perform binary subtraction: 10001₂ - 1010₂.
111₂
Binary subtraction follows these rules: 0 - 0 = 0, 1 - 0 = 1, 1 - 1 = 0, and 0 - 1 =
1 (with a borrow from the next higher bit).
13.
Convert the hexadecimal number 1ABF₁₆ to octal.
12577₈
First, convert the hexadecimal number to binary: 1ABF₁₆ = 0001 1010 1011
1111₂.
Then, group the binary digits into sets of 3, starting from the right, and
convert each group to its octal equivalent:
000 = 0, 110 = 6, 101 = 5, 011 = 3, 111 = 7, and 1 (add leading zeros) = 1. This
results in 065371₈, which simplifies to 12577₈.
14.
Perform hexadecimal addition: A5₁₆ + 3E₁₆.
E3₁₆
Hexadecimal addition involves adding corresponding digits and considering
the carry-over when the sum exceeds 15 (represented by F). Remember that
A represents 10, B represents 11, and so on.
15.
Convert the decimal number 1023 to binary and hexadecimal.
1111111111₂ and 3FF₁₆
To convert decimal to binary, repeatedly divide by 2 and note the
remainders. The remainders, read from bottom to top, form the binary
equivalent. To convert decimal to hexadecimal, repeatedly divide by 16 and
note the remainders. The remainders, read from bottom to top, form the
hexadecimal equivalent (using letters A-F for remainders 10-15).
16.
Convert the binary number 1011001101₂ to octal and hexadecimal.
2635₈ and 59D₁₆
For the octal conversion, group the binary digits into sets of 3, starting from
the right, and convert each to its octal equivalent:
101 = 5, 100 = 4, 110 = 6, and 1 (add leading zeros to complete the group) =
1, resulting in 5461₈, which simplifies to 2635₈.
For hexadecimal, group the binary digits into sets of 4, starting from the
right, and convert each to its hexadecimal equivalent: 1011 = B, 0011 = 3,
and 01 (add leading zeros) = 1, resulting in B31₁₆, which simplifies to 59D₁₆.
17.
Perform octal multiplication: 23₈ × 5₈.
137₈
Octal multiplication is similar to decimal multiplication, but carries occur
when a product exceeds 7.
18.
Perform binary multiplication: 1011₂ × 110₂.
1000010₂
Binary multiplication is done similarly to decimal multiplication, but with
only 0s and 1s, and carries occur when a sum exceeds 1.
19.
Convert the hexadecimal number B7F₁₆ to binary and octal.
101101111111₂ and 5577₈
To get the binary equivalent, convert each hexadecimal digit to its 4-bit
binary representation: B = 1011, 7 = 0111, and F = 1111, giving
101101111111₂.
For the octal conversion, first, convert the hexadecimal to binary (as above).
Then, group the binary digits into sets of 3, starting from the right, and
convert each group to its octal equivalent: 101 = 5, 101 = 5, 111 = 7, 111 = 7,
and 1 (add leading zeros) = 1, resulting in 55771₈, which can be simplified to
5577₈.
20.
Convert the binary number 111010011010₂ to decimal and hexadecimal.
3658 and EA6₁₆
To convert the binary number to decimal, each digit is multiplied by 2 raised
to the power of its position, starting from the rightmost digit as position 0.
The results are then added together.
To convert to hexadecimal, group the binary digits into sets of 4, starting
from the right, and convert each group to its hexadecimal equivalent: 1110 =
E, 1001 = 9, and 1010 = A, giving EA6₁₆.
21.
Convert the binary number 10011011101₂ to octal.
4655₈
Group the binary digits into sets of 3, starting from the right: 100 = 4, 110 =
6, 111 = 7, and 01 (add leading zeros) = 1, giving 4671₈ which simplifies to
4655₈.
22.
Convert the octal number 576₈ to hexadecimal.
17E₁₆
First, convert the octal number to binary: 5 = 101, 7 = 111, and 6 = 110,
giving 101111110₂.
Then, group the binary digits into sets of 4, starting from the right, and
convert each to its hexadecimal equivalent: 1011 = B, 1111 = F, and 10 (add
leading zeros) = 2, resulting in BF2₁₆ which simplifies to 17E₁₆.
23.
Convert the decimal number 1000 to binary, octal, and hexadecimal.
1111101000₂, 1750₈, and 3E8₁₆
To convert to binary, repeatedly divide by 2 and note the remainders. To
convert to octal, repeatedly divide by 8 and note the remainders. To convert
to hexadecimal, repeatedly divide by 16 and note the remainders, using
letters A-F for remainders 10-15.
24.
Convert the hexadecimal number F2A₁₆ to binary.
111100101010₂
Convert each hexadecimal digit to its 4-bit binary equivalent: F = 1111, 2 =
0010, and A = 1010, giving 111100101010₂.
25.
Convert the binary number 111101111₂ to decimal.
503
To convert the binary number to decimal, each digit is multiplied by 2 raised
to the power of its position, starting from the rightmost digit as position 0.
The results are then added.
26.
Convert the octal number 345₈ to binary and hexadecimal.
11100101₂ and E5₁₆
For the binary equivalent, convert each octal digit to its 3-bit binary
equivalent: 3 = 011, 4 = 100, and 5 = 101, giving 11100101₂.
For the hexadecimal conversion, first convert the octal number to binary (as
above). Then group the binary digits into sets of 4, starting from the right:
1110 = E and 0101 = 5, resulting in E5₁₆.
27.
Convert the hexadecimal number 7F4C₁₆ to octal.
377514₈
First, convert the hexadecimal to binary: 7 = 0111, F = 1111, 4 = 0100, and C
= 1100, giving 0111111101001100₂.
Then, group the binary digits into sets of 3, starting from the right: 011 = 3,
111 = 7, 111 = 7, 010 = 2, 011 = 3, and 00 (add leading zeros) = 0, resulting in
377230₈, which simplifies to 377514₈.
28.
Perform hexadecimal subtraction: F3₁₆ - A9₁₆.
4A₁₆
Hexadecimal subtraction is performed similarly to decimal subtraction, but
with borrowing and carrying occurring in groups of 16 instead of 10.
29.
Convert the decimal number 512 to binary and octal.
1000000000₂ and 1000₈
To convert to binary, repeatedly divide by 2 and note the remainders. To
convert to octal, repeatedly divide by 8 and note the remainders.
30.
Convert the binary number 110110110011₂ to decimal, octal, and
hexadecimal.
3499, 6663₈, and D93₁₆
To convert to decimal, multiply each digit by 2 raised to the power of its
position, starting from the rightmost digit as position 0, and add the results.
For octal, group the binary digits into sets of 3, starting from the right, and
convert each group to its octal equivalent: 110 = 6, 110 = 6, 110 = 6, and 011
(add leading zeros) = 3, giving 6663₈.
For hexadecimal, group the binary digits into sets of 4, starting from the
right, and convert each group to its hexadecimal equivalent: 1101 = D, 1011
= B, and 0011 = 3, resulting in DB3₁₆, which simplifies to D93₁₆.
31.
What is the largest decimal value you can represent with 8 bits in binary?
255
The largest decimal value representable with 8 bits is obtained when all bits
are set to 1 (11111111₂). Converting this to decimal gives 255.
32.
How many unique values can be represented with 4 hexadecimal digits?
65,536
Each hexadecimal digit can have 16 different values (0-9 and A-F). With 4
digits, the total number of combinations is 16 × 16 × 16 × 16 = 65,536.
33.
What is the binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number FF₁₆?
11111111₂
Each F in hexadecimal is equivalent to 1111 in binary. Therefore, FF₁₆ is
11111111₂.
34.
What is the result of adding the octal numbers 176₈ and 45₈?
243₈
Octal addition, like decimal addition, involves adding corresponding digits
and carrying over when the sum exceeds 7.
35.
Convert the binary number 10101010₂ to Gray code.
11111101
Gray code is a binary code where consecutive values differ in only one bit
position. To convert from binary to Gray code:
●
The most significant bit of the Gray code is the same as the most significant
bit of the binary number.
●
Each subsequent bit in the Gray code is obtained by XORing (exclusive OR)
the corresponding bit in the binary number with the previous bit in the
binary number.
36.
What is the 2’s complement of the binary number 1101₂?
0011₂
The 2's complement of a binary number is found by inverting all the bits
(changing 0s to 1s and 1s to 0s) and then adding 1.
1.
Invert the bits of 1101₂ to get 0010₂.
2.
Add 1 to 0010₂ to get 0011₂.
3.
Convert the signed binary number 11101011₂ (using 8-bit 2’s complement
notation) to decimal.
-21
Since the most significant bit is 1, this indicates a negative number in 2's
complement representation. To get the magnitude, we first find the 2's
complement:
1.
Invert all bits: 00010100₂
2.
Add 1: 00010101₂.
3.
Convert this to decimal: 21.
Therefore, the decimal equivalent is -21.
38.
Convert the decimal number -45 to its 8-bit binary 2’s complement form.
11010011₂
1.
Find the binary representation of the absolute value (45): 101101₂
2.
Pad with zeros to make it 8 bits: 00101101₂
3.
Invert all bits: 11010010₂
4.
Add 1: 11010011₂.
Therefore, the 8-bit 2's complement form of -45 is 11010011₂.
39.
Perform binary division: 110110₂ ÷ 101₂.
1011₂
Binary division is similar to long division in decimal, but operations are
performed with base 2.
40.
Explain the difference between the binary number system and the
hexadecimal number system in terms of base and digits used.
The binary number system uses base 2, meaning it uses only two digits: 0
and 1. Each position in a binary number represents a power of 2. The
hexadecimal number system, on the other hand, uses base 16. It employs
sixteen digits: 0-9 and A-F, where A represents 10, B represents 11, and so
on up to F representing 15. Each position in a hexadecimal number
represents a power of 16.