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MATH1020 Final Sol 2021

The document contains suggested solutions for the final exam of MATH1020 General Mathematics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Fall 2021. It includes a variety of mathematical problems, ranging from trigonometric identities to complex numbers, with answers provided for each question. The exam consists of both answer-only questions and long questions requiring detailed justifications.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views14 pages

MATH1020 Final Sol 2021

The document contains suggested solutions for the final exam of MATH1020 General Mathematics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Fall 2021. It includes a variety of mathematical problems, ranging from trigonometric identities to complex numbers, with answers provided for each question. The exam consists of both answer-only questions and long questions requiring detailed justifications.

Uploaded by

Vanessa Wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

Department of Mathematics
MATH1020 General Mathematics (Fall 2021)
Suggested Solutions of Final Exam

The full score is 150. Express your answers in exact values unless otherwise stated.
Some trigonometric formulas are provided on the last page.

Answer-Only Questions
For question 1-20 below, write down the answers on the first page of your answer
book. No step is required. Each question is worth 3 points. Partial credit is available
for some of the questions.

1. Let ~v = î + ĵ − k̂ and w
~ = −2î + ĵ. Compute ~v × w.
~

Ans: ~v × w
~ = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂

2. Find the minimum value of 2x2 + 6x + 7.

5
Ans:
2

3. Factorize x3 − 3x2 + 4 into a product of linear and/or irreducible quadratic real


polynomials.

Ans: (x + 1)(x − 2)2

4
4. Solve the inequality < 1.
|x − 2|

Ans: x < −2 or x > 6

5. Determine the period of the function f (θ) = 3 cos(2θ + π) − 1.

Ans: π

6. Given 0 < a < 1. Define θ = arccos(−a) = cos−1 (−a). Express sin(2θ) in terms of
a without using trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions.


Ans: −2a 1 − a2
2

7. Which of the following identities is/are true for any A, B > 0? Write NONE if none
of them is true.

(a) sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B


(b) cos(A + B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
(c) ln(AB) = ln A + ln B

Ans: Only (a) and (c) are true.

8. Match the functions (I)-(IV) and the graphs (a)-(d).

(I) y = −2−x + 1 (II) y = −2x + 1

(III) y = 2x − 1 (IV) y = 2−x − 1

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Ans: (I): (d) (II): (c) (III): (b) (IV): (a)


3

9. Which of the followings is the correct form of the partial fraction decomposition of
5x + 2
?
(x + 1)3 (x2 + 1)
If none of them is correct, write NONE.
A B
(a) + .
(x + 1)3 x2 + 1
A B C D
(b) + + + .
(x + 1)3 (x + 1)2 x + 1 x2 + 1
A Bx + C
(c) + 2 .
(x + 1)3 x +1
A B C Dx + F
(d) + + + 2 .
(x + 1)3 (x + 1) 2 x+1 x +1
Ans: (d)


X 5 · (−1)k 5 5 5 5
10. Find the value of =5− + 2 − 3 + 4 + ···.
k=0
2k 2 2 2 2
10
Ans:
3
11. Find the radius of convergence of the power series:

X 1/2
C k xk ,
k=1

r(r − 1)(r − 2) · · · (r − k + 1)
where Ckr is defined by Ckr = .
k!

Ans: 1

12. Consider the power series



X
f (x) = (k + 1)xk .
k=0
2
Compute the power series for f (x) up to and including the x2 term.

Ans: 1 + 4x + 10x2 + · · ·

13. Suppose
(1 + x)21 = a + bx + cx2 + “terms of degree higher than 2”.
Find the values of a, b and c.
Ans: a = 1, b = 21, c = 210
4

 12
2 1
14. Find the coefficient of x in 2x − .
x

Ans: C712 (2)7 (−1)12−7 = −101376

15. Suppose X is a random variable with expected value 4 and standard deviation 3.
Find the variance of the random variable −2X.

Ans: 36

16. The computer network of a company fails 3 times per year on average. Assuming
that failures occur independently from one another, find the probability that the
computer network will fail exactly 2 times next year.

32 −3 9 −3
Ans: e = e
2! 2

17. A fair coin with faces head and tail is tossed 5 times. Let X be the random vari-
able of the number of times a head is obtained. What is the standard deviation of X?

5
Ans:
2

(2 + 3i)(a − 5i)
18. Let a be a real number. Express in the form of x + yi, where x, y
1−i
are real and in terms of a.

−a + 25 5a + 5
Ans: + i
2 2

19. Find all the complex solutions of z 3 = 1. Express your answer in polar form.

2π 4π
Ans: cos 0 + i sin 0, cos 2π
3
+ i sin 2π
3
, cos 4π
3
+ i sin 4π
3
or ( ei0 , ei 3 , ei 3 )

 
z1  π π 3π 3π
20. Compute and simplify 2 , where z1 = 18 cos + i sin and z2 = 3 cos + i sin .
z2 5 5 5 5

Ans: −2
5

Long Questions
For question 21-29, points will only be awarded for answers with sufficient justifications.

3
21. (12 pts) Let f (x) = .
x2 + 7x + 12
(a) Find the partial fraction decomposition of f (x).
209
X 3
(b) Compute .
n=1
n2 + 7n + 12

X 3
(c) Compute .
n=3
n2 + 7n + 12

Solution:

(a) By partial fraction decomposition,

3 3 A B
f (x) = = = +
x2 + 7x + 12 (x + 3)(x + 4) x+3 x+4

for some A, B ∈ R. Multiplying both sides by (x + 3)(x + 4), we get

3 = A(x + 4) + B(x + 3).

Put x = −3 : 3 = A(1) + 0 =⇒ A = 3
Put x = −4 : 3 = 0 + B(−1) =⇒ B = −3.

Thus,
3 3
f (x) = − .
x+3 x+4
(b) By (a),
209 209  
X 3 X 3 3
= −
n=1
n2 + 7n + 12 n=1 n+3 n+4
209 209
X 1 X 1
=3 −3
n=1
n+3 n=1
n+4
209 210
X 1 X 1
=3 −3
n=1
n+3 n=2
n+3
1 1
=3· −3·
4 213
209
= .
284
6

(c) By (a), for N ≥ 1,


N N  
X 3 X 3 3
= −
n=1
n2 + 7n + 12 n=1 n+3 n+4
N N
X 1 X 1
=3 −3
n=1
n+3 n=1
n+4
N N +1
X 1 X 1
=3 −3
n=1
n+3 n=2
n+3
3 3
= − .
4 N +4
Hence,
∞ N  
X 3 X 3 3 3 3
= lim = lim − = .
n=1
n2 + 7n + 12 N →∞ n=1 n2 + 7n + 12 N →∞ 4 N + 4 4
7

22. (12 pts) Determine if the following series are convergent. Justify your answers.

X n+1
(a) .
n=0
3n + 1
∞ 1
X n1000 + 3n
(b) 1 .
n=2
3n − 4n

X 7n+1
(c) .
n=0
en2 +n

Solutioin:

(a) Note that


n+1 1 + 1/n 1
lim = lim = 6= 0.
n→∞ 3n + 1 n→∞ 3 + 1/n 3

X n+1
By the n-th term test, is divergent.
n=0
3n + 1

n1000 + 31n
(b) Let an = n for n ≥ 2. Then
3 − 41n
1
an+1 (n + 1)1000 + 3n+1 3n − 41n
lim = lim 1 · 1000
n→∞ an n→∞ 3n+1 − 4n+1 n + 31n
(1 + n1 )1000 + 3n+11n1000 1 − 3n14n
= lim ·
n→∞ 1 + 3n n11000 3 − 3n 41n+1
1
= < 1.
3
∞ 1
X n1000 + 3n
By the ratio test, 1 is convergent.
n=2
3n − 4n

7n+1
(c) Let an = for n ≥ 0. Then
en2 +n
2
an+1 7n+2 en +n 7
lim = lim (n+1)2 +n+1 · n+1 = lim 2n+2 = 0 < 1.
n→∞ an n→∞ e 7 n→∞ e


X 7n+1
By the ratio test, n2 +n
is convergent.
n=0
e
8

23. (10 pts) Let f (x) = cos6 x + sin6 x.

(a) Prove that for any x ∈ R,


3 2
f (x) = 1 − sin 2x.
4
π
(b) Graph the function of f (x) on the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ . Label its maximum(s)
2
and minimum(s) with coordinates.

Solution:

(a) For any x ∈ R,

f (x) = cos6 x + sin6 x


3 3
= cos2 x + sin2 x
= (cos2 x + sin2 x) cos4 x − cos2 x sin2 x + sin4 x


= (1) (cos2 x + sin2 x)2 − 3 cos2 x sin2 x




3
= 1 − (2 sin x cos x)2
4
3
= 1 − sin2 2x.
4

(b)
9


24. (10 pts) Let f (θ) = sin θ − 3 cos θ.

(a) Express f (θ) in the form A sin(θ+φ) for some constant A ≥ 0 and −π < φ ≤ π.
(b) Find the maximum and minimum value of f (θ) on the interval 0 ≤ θ < 2π.

Solution:

(a) Note that A sin(θ + φ) = A sin θ cos φ + A cos θ sin φ.



Comparing the terms with sin θ − 3 cos θ, we have
(
A cos φ = 1,

A sin φ = − 3.
π
Solving the equations for A ≥ 0 and −π < φ ≤ π, we get A = 2, φ = − .
3
π
Therefore f (θ) = 2 sin(θ − ).
3

(b) By (a), on the interval 0 ≤ θ < 2π,



the maximum value of f (θ) is 2, attained at θ = ;
6
11π
the minimum value of f (θ) is − 2, attained at θ = .
6
10

25. (8 pts) Suppose z is a complex number with |z| = 2 and Re z = 1, Im z < 0.

(a) Find z. Express your answer in polar form.


(b) Find z 100 . Express your answer in the form of x + yi, where x, y are real num-
bers.

Solution:

(a) Let z = a + bi, where a, b ∈ R. Then a = Re z = 1. Moreover,

|z| = 2 =⇒ a2 + b2 = |z|2 = 4 =⇒ b2 = 4 − 12 = 3.

So b = − 3 since b = Im z < 0.

Hence z = 1 − 3i.
In polar form,
√ !
√ 1 3  π π 
z = 1 − 3i = 2 − i = 2 cos(− ) + i sin(− ) .
2 2 3 3

(b) By De Moivre’s Theorem,

100
  π π 100
z = 2 cos(− ) + i sin(− )
 3 3 
100 100π 100π
=2 cos(− ) + i sin(− )
3 3
 
100 2π 2π
=2 cos( ) + i sin( )
3 3
√ !
1 3
= 2100 − + i
2 2

= −299 + 299 3i.
11

26. (8 pts) Let two vectors u and v determine a parallelogram. Show that if kuk = kvk,
then the indicated diagonal makes equal angles with u and v.

Solution: Let θ1 and θ2 be the angles that the diagonal u + v makes with u and
v, respectively.
Then
u · (u + v) kuk2 + u · v
cos θ1 = = ,
kukku + vk kukku + vk
and
v · (u + v) v · u + kvk2 kuk2 + u · v
cos θ2 = = = ,
kvkku + vk kvkku + vk kukku + vk
since kuk = kvk.

Therefore,
cos θ1 = cos θ2 .
As 0 < θ1 , θ2 < π, we have θ1 = θ2 .
12

27. (10 pts) Two basketball teams are playing a series of games, For each game, the
1 2
probability that team A wins is and that team B wins is . The winner of the
3 3
series is the first team to win three games. Let X be the number of games played.

(a) Find the probability mass function of X.


(b) Find the expected number of games played.

Solution:

(a)
P (X = 3) = P (X = 3 and A is the winner) + P (X = 3 and B is the winner)
1 2 1 2 1
= ( )3 ( )0 + ( )0 ( )3 = ;
3 3 3 3 3

P (X = 4) = P (X = 4 and A is the winner) + P (X = 4 and B is the winner)


1 2 1 1 2 2 10
= C23 ( )2 ( )1 · + C13 ( )1 ( )2 · = ;
3 3 3 3 3 3 27

P (X = 5) = P (X = 5 and A is the winner) + P (X = 5 and B is the winner)


1 2 1 1 2 2 8
= C24 ( )2 ( )2 · + C24 ( )2 ( )2 · = .
3 3 3 3 3 3 27
Alternatively, note that X must be 3, 4 or 5. Hence,

P (X = 5) = 1 − P (X = 3) − P (X = 4)
1 10 8
=1− − = .
3 27 27
Hence, the probability mass function of X is given by
1
 if x = 3;
3




10

f (x) = if x = 4;

 27
8



if x = 5.
27
(b) The expected number of games played is
X
E(X) = xf (x)
x
= 3 × f (3) + 4 × f (4) + 5 × f (5)
1 10 8
=3× +4× +5×
3 27 27
107
= .
27
13

28. (8 pts) Define

f (x) = e3x − 3ex + 3e−x − e−3x for any real number x.

Find the formula of f −1 (x) or show that f (x) does not have an inverse.

Solution: Note that

f (x) = e3x − 3ex + 3e−x − e−3x = (ex − e−x )3 .

We begin with y = f (x) and solve x in terms of y.

y = f (x) = (ex − e−x )3


3
y = ex − e−x


(ex )2 − 3
y ex − 1 = 0.

So,
√ p √ √ p √ !
3 y+ ( 3 y)2 + 4 3 y− ( 3 y)2 + 4
ex = ex = < 0 is rejected ,
2 2

and hence, p !
y 1/3 + y 2/3 + 4
x = ln .
2
Therefore, √ !
x1/3 + x2/3 + 4
f −1 (x) = ln .
2
14

29. (12 pts) Let z = x + iy and α = 5 + 2i.


(a) Show that the curve
1 1
+ =1
z−α z−α
lies on a circle on the Argand diagram. Find the center and radius of the circle.
(b) Find the complex number(s) z satisfying the equation in part (a) such that
Arg(z) attains maximum. Express the answer in the polar form.

Solution:
(a) Multiplying the equation by (z − α)(z − α), we have
1 1
+ =1
z−α z−α
(z − α) + (z − α) = (z − α)(z − α)
(z + z) − (α + α) = |z − α|2
2x − 2(5) = (x − 5)2 + (y − 2)2
x2 − 12x + (y − 2)2 = −35
(x − 6)2 + (y − 2)2 = −35 + 36 = 1.
Hence the given curve is a circle on the Argand diagram, with center 6 + 2i
and radius 1.

(b) Denote the complex number z by the point Z on the Argand diagram.
Then Arg(z) attains maximum when OZ is tangent to the upper part of the
circle in (a).
In particular, OZ is perpendicular to ZC, where C = 6 + 2i is the center of
the circle in (a).
Denote by X the point 6 on the real axis. Then
Arg(z) = ∠XOZ = ∠COZ + ∠XOC.

Now p p √
kOZk = kOCk2 − kCZk2 = (62 + 22 ) − 12 = 39,
 
kCZk 1 1
tan ∠COZ = =√ =⇒ ∠COZ = tan−1 √ ,
kOZk 39 39
and
 
kCXk 2 1 1
tan ∠XOC = = = =⇒ ∠XOC = tan−1 .
kOXk 6 3 3
Hence, for z satisfying the equation in (a), Arg(z) attains maximum when

          
−1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1
z = 39 cos tan √ + tan + i sin tan √ + tan .
39 3 39 3

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