MATH1020 Final Sol 2021
MATH1020 Final Sol 2021
Department of Mathematics
MATH1020 General Mathematics (Fall 2021)
Suggested Solutions of Final Exam
The full score is 150. Express your answers in exact values unless otherwise stated.
Some trigonometric formulas are provided on the last page.
Answer-Only Questions
For question 1-20 below, write down the answers on the first page of your answer
book. No step is required. Each question is worth 3 points. Partial credit is available
for some of the questions.
1. Let ~v = î + ĵ − k̂ and w
~ = −2î + ĵ. Compute ~v × w.
~
Ans: ~v × w
~ = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂
5
Ans:
2
4
4. Solve the inequality < 1.
|x − 2|
Ans: π
6. Given 0 < a < 1. Define θ = arccos(−a) = cos−1 (−a). Express sin(2θ) in terms of
a without using trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions.
√
Ans: −2a 1 − a2
2
7. Which of the following identities is/are true for any A, B > 0? Write NONE if none
of them is true.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
9. Which of the followings is the correct form of the partial fraction decomposition of
5x + 2
?
(x + 1)3 (x2 + 1)
If none of them is correct, write NONE.
A B
(a) + .
(x + 1)3 x2 + 1
A B C D
(b) + + + .
(x + 1)3 (x + 1)2 x + 1 x2 + 1
A Bx + C
(c) + 2 .
(x + 1)3 x +1
A B C Dx + F
(d) + + + 2 .
(x + 1)3 (x + 1) 2 x+1 x +1
Ans: (d)
∞
X 5 · (−1)k 5 5 5 5
10. Find the value of =5− + 2 − 3 + 4 + ···.
k=0
2k 2 2 2 2
10
Ans:
3
11. Find the radius of convergence of the power series:
∞
X 1/2
C k xk ,
k=1
r(r − 1)(r − 2) · · · (r − k + 1)
where Ckr is defined by Ckr = .
k!
Ans: 1
Ans: 1 + 4x + 10x2 + · · ·
13. Suppose
(1 + x)21 = a + bx + cx2 + “terms of degree higher than 2”.
Find the values of a, b and c.
Ans: a = 1, b = 21, c = 210
4
12
2 1
14. Find the coefficient of x in 2x − .
x
15. Suppose X is a random variable with expected value 4 and standard deviation 3.
Find the variance of the random variable −2X.
Ans: 36
16. The computer network of a company fails 3 times per year on average. Assuming
that failures occur independently from one another, find the probability that the
computer network will fail exactly 2 times next year.
32 −3 9 −3
Ans: e = e
2! 2
17. A fair coin with faces head and tail is tossed 5 times. Let X be the random vari-
able of the number of times a head is obtained. What is the standard deviation of X?
√
5
Ans:
2
(2 + 3i)(a − 5i)
18. Let a be a real number. Express in the form of x + yi, where x, y
1−i
are real and in terms of a.
−a + 25 5a + 5
Ans: + i
2 2
19. Find all the complex solutions of z 3 = 1. Express your answer in polar form.
2π 4π
Ans: cos 0 + i sin 0, cos 2π
3
+ i sin 2π
3
, cos 4π
3
+ i sin 4π
3
or ( ei0 , ei 3 , ei 3 )
z1 π π 3π 3π
20. Compute and simplify 2 , where z1 = 18 cos + i sin and z2 = 3 cos + i sin .
z2 5 5 5 5
Ans: −2
5
Long Questions
For question 21-29, points will only be awarded for answers with sufficient justifications.
3
21. (12 pts) Let f (x) = .
x2 + 7x + 12
(a) Find the partial fraction decomposition of f (x).
209
X 3
(b) Compute .
n=1
n2 + 7n + 12
∞
X 3
(c) Compute .
n=3
n2 + 7n + 12
Solution:
3 3 A B
f (x) = = = +
x2 + 7x + 12 (x + 3)(x + 4) x+3 x+4
Put x = −3 : 3 = A(1) + 0 =⇒ A = 3
Put x = −4 : 3 = 0 + B(−1) =⇒ B = −3.
Thus,
3 3
f (x) = − .
x+3 x+4
(b) By (a),
209 209
X 3 X 3 3
= −
n=1
n2 + 7n + 12 n=1 n+3 n+4
209 209
X 1 X 1
=3 −3
n=1
n+3 n=1
n+4
209 210
X 1 X 1
=3 −3
n=1
n+3 n=2
n+3
1 1
=3· −3·
4 213
209
= .
284
6
22. (12 pts) Determine if the following series are convergent. Justify your answers.
∞
X n+1
(a) .
n=0
3n + 1
∞ 1
X n1000 + 3n
(b) 1 .
n=2
3n − 4n
∞
X 7n+1
(c) .
n=0
en2 +n
Solutioin:
n1000 + 31n
(b) Let an = n for n ≥ 2. Then
3 − 41n
1
an+1 (n + 1)1000 + 3n+1 3n − 41n
lim = lim 1 · 1000
n→∞ an n→∞ 3n+1 − 4n+1 n + 31n
(1 + n1 )1000 + 3n+11n1000 1 − 3n14n
= lim ·
n→∞ 1 + 3n n11000 3 − 3n 41n+1
1
= < 1.
3
∞ 1
X n1000 + 3n
By the ratio test, 1 is convergent.
n=2
3n − 4n
7n+1
(c) Let an = for n ≥ 0. Then
en2 +n
2
an+1 7n+2 en +n 7
lim = lim (n+1)2 +n+1 · n+1 = lim 2n+2 = 0 < 1.
n→∞ an n→∞ e 7 n→∞ e
∞
X 7n+1
By the ratio test, n2 +n
is convergent.
n=0
e
8
Solution:
3
= 1 − (2 sin x cos x)2
4
3
= 1 − sin2 2x.
4
(b)
9
√
24. (10 pts) Let f (θ) = sin θ − 3 cos θ.
(a) Express f (θ) in the form A sin(θ+φ) for some constant A ≥ 0 and −π < φ ≤ π.
(b) Find the maximum and minimum value of f (θ) on the interval 0 ≤ θ < 2π.
Solution:
Solution:
|z| = 2 =⇒ a2 + b2 = |z|2 = 4 =⇒ b2 = 4 − 12 = 3.
√
So b = − 3 since b = Im z < 0.
√
Hence z = 1 − 3i.
In polar form,
√ !
√ 1 3 π π
z = 1 − 3i = 2 − i = 2 cos(− ) + i sin(− ) .
2 2 3 3
100
π π 100
z = 2 cos(− ) + i sin(− )
3 3
100 100π 100π
=2 cos(− ) + i sin(− )
3 3
100 2π 2π
=2 cos( ) + i sin( )
3 3
√ !
1 3
= 2100 − + i
2 2
√
= −299 + 299 3i.
11
26. (8 pts) Let two vectors u and v determine a parallelogram. Show that if kuk = kvk,
then the indicated diagonal makes equal angles with u and v.
Solution: Let θ1 and θ2 be the angles that the diagonal u + v makes with u and
v, respectively.
Then
u · (u + v) kuk2 + u · v
cos θ1 = = ,
kukku + vk kukku + vk
and
v · (u + v) v · u + kvk2 kuk2 + u · v
cos θ2 = = = ,
kvkku + vk kvkku + vk kukku + vk
since kuk = kvk.
Therefore,
cos θ1 = cos θ2 .
As 0 < θ1 , θ2 < π, we have θ1 = θ2 .
12
27. (10 pts) Two basketball teams are playing a series of games, For each game, the
1 2
probability that team A wins is and that team B wins is . The winner of the
3 3
series is the first team to win three games. Let X be the number of games played.
Solution:
(a)
P (X = 3) = P (X = 3 and A is the winner) + P (X = 3 and B is the winner)
1 2 1 2 1
= ( )3 ( )0 + ( )0 ( )3 = ;
3 3 3 3 3
P (X = 5) = 1 − P (X = 3) − P (X = 4)
1 10 8
=1− − = .
3 27 27
Hence, the probability mass function of X is given by
1
if x = 3;
3
10
f (x) = if x = 4;
27
8
if x = 5.
27
(b) The expected number of games played is
X
E(X) = xf (x)
x
= 3 × f (3) + 4 × f (4) + 5 × f (5)
1 10 8
=3× +4× +5×
3 27 27
107
= .
27
13
Find the formula of f −1 (x) or show that f (x) does not have an inverse.
√
3
y = ex − e−x
√
(ex )2 − 3
y ex − 1 = 0.
So,
√ p √ √ p √ !
3 y+ ( 3 y)2 + 4 3 y− ( 3 y)2 + 4
ex = ex = < 0 is rejected ,
2 2
and hence, p !
y 1/3 + y 2/3 + 4
x = ln .
2
Therefore, √ !
x1/3 + x2/3 + 4
f −1 (x) = ln .
2
14
Solution:
(a) Multiplying the equation by (z − α)(z − α), we have
1 1
+ =1
z−α z−α
(z − α) + (z − α) = (z − α)(z − α)
(z + z) − (α + α) = |z − α|2
2x − 2(5) = (x − 5)2 + (y − 2)2
x2 − 12x + (y − 2)2 = −35
(x − 6)2 + (y − 2)2 = −35 + 36 = 1.
Hence the given curve is a circle on the Argand diagram, with center 6 + 2i
and radius 1.
(b) Denote the complex number z by the point Z on the Argand diagram.
Then Arg(z) attains maximum when OZ is tangent to the upper part of the
circle in (a).
In particular, OZ is perpendicular to ZC, where C = 6 + 2i is the center of
the circle in (a).
Denote by X the point 6 on the real axis. Then
Arg(z) = ∠XOZ = ∠COZ + ∠XOC.
Now p p √
kOZk = kOCk2 − kCZk2 = (62 + 22 ) − 12 = 39,
kCZk 1 1
tan ∠COZ = =√ =⇒ ∠COZ = tan−1 √ ,
kOZk 39 39
and
kCXk 2 1 1
tan ∠XOC = = = =⇒ ∠XOC = tan−1 .
kOXk 6 3 3
Hence, for z satisfying the equation in (a), Arg(z) attains maximum when
√
−1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1
z = 39 cos tan √ + tan + i sin tan √ + tan .
39 3 39 3