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The Axes and Planes

The document explains the three anatomical planes: sagittal, frontal, and transverse, detailing the types of movements associated with each. It also describes the corresponding axes for rotation: sagittal, frontal, and vertical, which are essential for understanding osteokinematic movements. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of the anatomic position as the starting point for all movements and notes the complexity of motor control beyond visible movements.

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yadavkaran2407
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18 views1 page

The Axes and Planes

The document explains the three anatomical planes: sagittal, frontal, and transverse, detailing the types of movements associated with each. It also describes the corresponding axes for rotation: sagittal, frontal, and vertical, which are essential for understanding osteokinematic movements. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of the anatomic position as the starting point for all movements and notes the complexity of motor control beyond visible movements.

Uploaded by

yadavkaran2407
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sure, let’s discuss the different planes and axes in detail, along with the actions
that occur around them:

Planes:

1. Sagittal Plane: This plane divides the body into left and right sections.
Movements in this plane include forward and backward movements at
specific joints such as the shoulder and ankle.
2. Frontal Plane: This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back
(posterior) sections. Movements in this plane include sideward movements,
abduction, adduction, lateral flexion, elevation and depression of the
shoulder girdle (or scapula), upward and downward rotation of the shoulder
girdle (or scapula), radial deviation, and ulnar deviation.
3. Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: This plane divides the body into upper
(superior) and lower (inferior) parts. Movements in this plane include
horizontal movements or rotations, horizontal adduction and abduction.

Axes:

1. Sagittal Axis: This axis passes horizontally from posterior to anterior and is
formed by the intersection of the sagittal and transverse planes. Rotation in
the sagittal plane takes place around the x-axis.
2. Frontal Axis: This axis passes horizontally from left to right and is formed
by the intersection of the frontal and transverse planes. Rotation in the
transverse plane takes place around the y-axis.
3. Vertical (Longitudinal) Axis: This axis passes vertically from inferior to
superior and is formed by the intersection of the sagittal and frontal planes.
Rotation in the frontal plane takes place around the z-axis.

When an osteokinematic movement takes place in a certain plane, bones rotate


around an axis. For example, if we are moving the shoulder in the sagittal plane, it
means that we are moving around the transversal axis. These movements in the
shoulder joint are called flexion or anteversion and extension or retroversion.

It’s important to note that the anatomic position is always the starting position of
every movement described. Also, the movement that you effectively “see” does
not represent what is occurring in terms of motor control and force absorption
within all three planes.

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