UNIT 5: THE WORLD OF WORK

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Unlock Your Career Potential in the City!

Looking for a stable job in the city? Discover proven strategies to secure your dream
position! Expect (1) __________ results by following our expert tips. (2) __________ with
knowledge gained from industry professionals, you'll be better prepared (3) __________
interviews. Understandably, the job market can be tough, but with the right approach, you can
stand out from the competition. (4) __________ the chance to invest in your future-our
comprehensive workshops cover everything from resume building to networking skills. Join a
community of ambitious job seekers and gain access to (5) __________ resources that can help
you navigate the job landscape. Don't miss the opportunity to transform your (6) __________
and achieve the stability you desire. Start your journey to success today!

1. A. to see B. see C. seeing D. to be seen

2. A. Having been arming B. Which was armed

C. Arming D. Armed

3. A. for B. at C. on D. in

4. A. bring B. have C. take D. gain

5. A. exclude B. exclusion C. exclusively D. exclusive

6. A. careered prospects B. career prospects

C. prospects career D. career prospected

Exercise 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Changing Jobs in the Current Market!

 Navigating the job market today requires adaptability and strategy. (1) __________ important
aspect is understanding the skills needed to (2) __________ other candidates. Networking and
continuous learning are essential for staying relevant in your field.

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 Consider updating your resume and enhancing your online presence to attract potential
employers. Researching industry trends helps you identify valuable (3) __________ that are in
high demand.

 (4) __________ shifting job requirements, it's vital to be proactive in seeking (5) __________.
The (6) __________ of online courses and workshops available is increasing, offering
numerous items to boost your qualifications.

1. A. Another B. Other C. Others D. The other

2. A. go off B. take to C. compete with D. check up

3. A. skills B. experience C. insights D. resources

4. A. On behalf of B. According to C. For the sake of D. On account of

5. A. solutions B. opportunities C. answers D. jobs

6. A. item B. portion C. number D. amount

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences
to make a meaningful paragraph / letter in each of the following questions.

Question 1:

Hi Gemma,

a. Thanks also for the tip about the free websites with musical lesson videos - they are much
better than the sites I've been following.

b. Thanks so much for the guitar lesson videos you sent me last week.

c. But it was interesting to watch these videos.

d. You know, we ought to practise together for some time. What do you think?

e. It's really nice to learn how to play a new instrument like the guitar, but I am too busy at the
moment, so I'm focusing on my violin lessons for now.

Write back soon.

Billy

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A. d-b-a-c-e B. b-e-c-a-d C. a-d-b-c-e D. a-c-d-b-e

Question 2:

a. Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to the possibility of discussing
how my skills can benefit your team in more detail.

b. Firstly, with a degree in Marketing, I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to

c. Yours faithfully,

d. My skills in market research and advertising planning align well with the requirements of
the role, and I am eager to bring my skills and experience to your organisation.

e. Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to express my strong interest in the marketing office position
advertised on your company's website.

f. Secondly, I am impressed by your company's commitment to innovation and creativity, and

A. e-f-d-b-a-c B. e-b-d-f-a-c C. e-b-f-d-a-c D. e-d-b-f-a-c

Exercise 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

The nature of work

In today's fast-paced economy, the world of work is constantly evolving. With the rise of
technology and remote work, (1) __________. This shift has not only changed how people
work but also the types of jobs available.

Many companies are now focusing on building diverse teams (2) __________. Such
diversity fosters creativity and innovation, which are essential for staying competitive in a
global market. Furthermore, (3) __________, job seekers are expected to possess a
combination of both technical and soft skills.

Moreover, the gig economy is on the rise, providing opportunities for freelance work and
flexible schedules. (4) __________, individuals can explore various projects and clients,
enhancing their skills while maintaining autonomy in their careers.

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 To navigate this dynamic landscape, (5) __________. Continuous learning and
adaptation are key to thriving in the modern workforce.

Question 1:

A. the nature of work is being transformed

B. it has been revolutionized by technology

C. many jobs are easily replaced

D. remote work is becoming obsolete

Question 2:

A. which can improve employee satisfaction

B. that is often overlooked by managers

C. whose members come from various backgrounds

D. where only top performers are included

Question 3:

A. which is leading to greater workplace efficiency

B. they are often trained in isolation

C. the demand for soft skills is decreasing

D. because traditional skills are no longer sufficient

Question 4:

A. While working remotely

B. Despite the challenges of freelancing

C. By accepting only short-term contracts

D. When focusing solely on one job

Question 5:

A. networking has become less important

B. professionals need to adapt quickly

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C. the importance of experience is declining

D. technology can replace human workers

Exercise 5. Read the following passage about climate change and mark the letter A, B, C, or
D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from
1 to 8.

Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a
teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options
and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they
are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for
themselves.

Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is
one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own
opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.

Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of
treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other
by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable
taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.

Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a
consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but
study. Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and
relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such
information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly
established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn.

Question 1: What is the primary value emphasized in Australian culture according to the
passage?

A. Equality B. Independence C. Wealth D. Education

Question 2: The phrase "seek out resources" in the passage most closely means __________.

A. find help B. gather materials C. borrow items D. ignore issues

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Question 3: According to the passage, Australians expects students to __________.

A. accept all opinions as true

B. develop their own viewpoints

C. follow instructions without question

D. avoid discussions

Question 4: The word "idealise" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by __________.

A. criticize B. romanticize C. ignore D. undervalue

Question 5: Which of the following best summarizes the view on privacy in Australian culture?

A. Australians freely share personal information with strangers.

B. Privacy is important, and personal matters are kept private.

C. It is common for Australians to discuss finances openly.

D. Australians prefer to keep their thoughts to themselves.

Question 6: Which statement is TRUE based on the passage?

A. Australians believe that only one opinion is correct.

B. Most Australians use formal titles when addressing others.

C. Australians value a balance between work and leisure.

D. Discussing finances is encouraged among all Australians.

Question 7: In which paragraph does the writer discuss the expectation of forming personal
opinions?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Question 8: In which paragraph does the writer mention the idea of treating everyone equally?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

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Exercise 6. Read the following passage about ecotourism and mark the letter A, B, C, or D
on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1
to 10.

[I] Some teachers think that because of this, young people are not writing correctly at
school. [II] They fear that once students get used to it, [III] they will find it hard to switch
back to using correct grammar and spelling. How did things begin this way? [IV]

It all began with e-mail, online chat rooms, and games. Then step by step young people
made sentences, phrases and words shorter. As text-messaging continued to become popular,
people invented more and more words. Today, it is like a real language with its own grammar
and vocabulary. The growth of text-messaging has raised an important question: As students
become fluent in text messaging, do their writing skills suffer?

People have different ideas about the effects of text-messaging on students' writing skills.
Some say that students are losing the ability to write long, correct sentences. Others say that
text-messaging is having a good effect on the language students use in then schoolwork. It
shows that they are creative and good at expressing themselves. And if students can keep the
two systems separate - one for text messaging and one for school - this will help students
appreciate reading and writing more.

Some people suggest that one way to reduce the bad effects of text-messaging is to find
ways to use technology as a positive learning tool. For example, students can be allowed to
type their assignments in a cell phone message and send them to their teachers, but they must
type correctly. In this way, students are using the technology that they are familiar with to
communicate in a form of language suitable for schoolwork. It shows students that text-
messaging is fine for social communication, but correct grammar and spelling are
necessary for communication in school.

(Adapted from Strategic Reading by Richards and Eckstut-Didier)

Question 1: Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

Today, text-messaging has probably become young people's most common form of
communication.

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

Question 2: The phrase switch back to in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by __________.

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A. return to B. adjust to C. give up D. change into

Question 3: What does the word it in paragraph 2 refer to __________.

A. text messaging B. the Internet

C. online games D. communication

Question 4: According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT a claim made by people
regarding text messaging?

A. It helps students express themselves creatively.

B. It leads to better grammar in schoolwork.

C. It reduces the ability to write long sentences.

D. It allows students to separate different writing styles.

Question 5: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. The impact of text messaging on writing skills is purely negative.

B. There are mixed opinions on the effects of text messaging on writing.

C. Text messaging enhances students' ability to write essays.

D. All educators agree on the importance of traditional writing.

Question 6: The word reduce in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A. increase B. maintain C. harness D. cut down on

Question 7: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Text messaging has no positive effects on communication.

B. Teachers believe all students write poorly due to text messaging.

C. Technology can be used effectively in educational contexts.

D. Students prefer using traditional writing methods over texting.

Question 8: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Text messaging is only suitable for casual conversations.

B. Correct grammar and spelling are essential for academic writing.

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C. Students should avoid using technology for schoolwork.

D. Social communication requires less attention to detail than schoolwork.

Question 9: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Young people will eventually stop using text messaging.

B. Text messaging has permanently damaged students' writing skills.

C. Students can learn to balance texting and formal writing.

D. All teachers are against the use of text messaging in education.

Question 10: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Text messaging has transformed communication but poses challenges for writing skills.

B. The use of technology should be discouraged in educational settings.

C. Students are fully capable of separating casual and formal writing styles.

D. Text messaging improves grammar and spelling in students' writing.

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