THE AUTOMOBILE

COOLING SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY

MR. JATOH WEYIH REAGAN.

 INTRODUCTION
The automobile cooling system is a vital component of modern vehicles, playing a crucial role in
maintaining the engine’s optimal operating temperature. The cooling system is designed to
absorb, transfer, and dissipate heat generated by the engine, preventing overheating and
damage to engine components.
The cooling system consists of several key components, including the radiator, water pump, hoses,
thermostat, and cooling fan. These components work together to circulate a coolant mixture
through the engine, absorbing heat and transferring it to the radiator. The radiator, typically
located at the front of the vehicle, is responsible for dissipating heat from the coolant to the
surrounding air. The water pump, driven by the engine’s serpentine belt, circulates the coolant
through the engine and radiator. The hoses, made of durable rubber or synthetic materials,
connect the various components of the cooling system, allowing the coolant to flow freely.
Thermostat, a temperature-sensitive valve, regulates the flow of coolant through the engine,
ensuring optimal operating temperatures.
The cooling fan, typically electric or mechanically driven, provides additional airflow through the
radiator, enhancing heat dissipation. The cooling system is designed to operate within a specific
temperature range, typically between 195°F and 220°F. Proper functioning of the cooling system is
essential to prevent engine damage, overheating, and costly repairs. Regular maintenance,
including coolant checks and flushes, is necessary to ensure the cooling system operates efficiently
and effectively.
COMPONENTS OF THE COOLING
SYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
1. Radiator : The function of the radiator is to dissipate heat from the engine
coolant to the surrounding air.
2. Water Pump: The function of the water pump is to circulate the coolant
through the engine, radiator, and hoses, ensuring that the engine operates
within a safe temperature range.
3. Thermostat : The function of the thermostat is to regulate the engine’s
operating temperature, ensuring that it reaches its optimal temperature quickly
and maintains it within a narrow range. ( Thermostat opening temperature 180-
195° ).
4. Coolant ( Antifreeze) : The function of the coolant is to absorb heat from the
engine and transfer it to the radiator, where it is dissipated to the air.
5. Hoses ( upper and lower) : The function of the hoses are to transport coolant
throughout the cooling system, allowing them to absorb heat from the engine
and transfer it to the radiator.
6. Radiator Fan : The function of the radiator fan is to provide airflow through the
radiator, allowing it to dissipate heat from the coolant to the air.
7. Temperature Gauge : The function of the temperature gauge is to
monitor the engine’s temperature.
8. Water Jacket : The function of the water jacket is to surround the
engine’s cylinders, cylinder head, and engine block, allowing coolant to
circulate and absorb heat.
9. Cylinder Head : The function of the cylinder head is to transfer heat from
the engine’s cylinders to the cooling system, allowing the engine to
operate within a safe temperature range.
10. Engine Block : The function of the engine block is to transfer heat from
the engine’s cylinders to the cooling system, allowing the engine to
operate within a safe temperature range.
11. Expansion Tank : The function of the expansion tank is to store
excess coolant that expands when the engine heats up.
FUNCTIONS OF THE COOLING SYSTEM

1. It absorbs heat from engine.

2. It transfers heat to coolant.
3. It circulates coolant through radiator.
4. Radiator dissipates heat to air.
5. Coolant returns to engine.
 TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEMS

A. Liquid- cooled systems ( Most common ).

i. Thermosyphon liquid cooled type
ii. Pressurized liquid cooled type
B. Air-cooled system
THERMO SYPHON LIQUID COOLING SYSTEM

A thermosyphon liquid cooling system is a passive, gravity-driven cooling

system that circulates coolant through the engine without a water pump.
The thermosyphon effect utilizes the density difference between hot and cold
fluids to create circulation.

WORKING PROCESS
Coolant absorbs heat from the engine, heated coolant expands, becoming
less dense. Less dense coolant rises through the engine and hoses. Cooler
coolant from the radiator sinks, replacing heated coolant. Cycle repeats.
THERMOSYPHON DIAGRAM
ADVANTAGES OF THERMOSYPHON COOLING SYSTEM
1. It is simple in design.
2. Low cost.
3. No water pump required.
4. Quiet operation.
5. Reliable.

DISADVANTAGES OF THERMOSYPHON COOLING SYSTEM

1. Limited cooling capacity.
2. Dependent on the engine orientation.
3. Sensitive to coolant level and viscosity.
4. Not suitable for high-performance engines.
 MAINTENANCE

1. Regular coolant checks

2. Coolant flush and replacement
3. Hose inspection and replacement
4. Radiator cleaning
PRESSURIZED LIQUID COOLING SYSTEM
A pressurized or pump liquid cooling system is an active cooling system that
utilizes a water pump to circulate coolant through the engine, maintaining
optimal operating temperatures.

WORKING PROCESS
Water pump creates pressure (typically 5 – 15 psi) coolant flows from radiator
to engine block. Coolant absorbs heat from engine, thermostat regulates
coolant flow, heated coolant returns to radiator. Radiator dissipates heat to air.
Cycle repeats.
PRESSURIZED DIAGRAM
TYPES OF PUMPS EMPLOYED ON THE
PRESSURIZED COOLING SYSTEM
1. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS (Most common)
2. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
3. ELECTRIC WATER PUMPS
 ADVANTAGES OF PRESSURIZED LIQUID COOLING SYSTEM

1. Improved cooling efficiency.

2. Increased flow rates.
3. Better suited for high-performance engines.
4. Enhanced heat transfer.
5. Reduced engine knock or pinging.

DISADVANTAGES OF PRESSURIZES LIQUID COOLING SYSTEM

1. Complex design.
2. High cost.
3. Noise from water pump.
4. Potential leaks.
 MAINTENANCE
1. Regular coolant checks.
2. Coolant flush and replacement.
3. Hose inspection and replacement.
4. Water pump inspection and replacement.
5. Thermostat inspection and replacement.
THREE PRINCIPLES IN WHICH COOLING
SYSTEMS OPERATE ON
1. CONDUCTION : Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct
contact between particles or molecules. In the cooling system,
conduction occurs when the coolant comes into contact with the engine’s
cylinders, cylinder head, and engine block, absorbing heat from these
components.
2. CONVECTION : Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of
fluids. In the cooling system, convection occurs when the coolant is pumped
through the engine and radiator, carrying heat away from the engine and
transferring it to the air.
3. RADIATION : Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
In the cooling system, radiation occurs when the hot coolant flows through the
radiator, emitting heat into the surrounding.
These three principles work together to enable the cooling system to effectively
absorb, transfer, and dissipate heat from the engine, maintaining a safe operating
temperature and preventing overheating.
COOLING SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING
TABLE
SYMPTOMS POSSIBLE CAUSES POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
1. Overheating engine  Low coolant level  Check coolant level
 Coolant leak  Inspect for leaks
 Faulty thermostat  Replace thermostat
 Clogged radiator  Clean or replace
radiator
2. Coolant leak  Cracked or damaged  Inspect hoses and
hoses connections
 Loose or corroded  Tighten or replace as
connections needed
 Faulty water pump  Replace water pump
3. Coolant Not  Faulty water pump  Replace water pump
Circulating  Clogged or restricted  Clean or replace
hoses hoses
 Air in cooling system  Bleed air from cooling
system
4. Radiator Not Cooling  Clogged or restricted  Clean or replace
radiator radiator
 Low coolant level  Check coolant level
 Faulty cooling fan  Replace cooling fan
5. Cooling Fan Not  Faulty cooling fan  Replace cooling fan
Working motor motor
 Blown fuse  Check and replace
 Faulty temperature fuse
sensor  Replace temperature
sensor
6. Thermostat Stuck  Faulty thermostat  Replace thermostat
 Corrosion or mineral  Clean or replace
buildup thermostat housing
7. Coolant Level Drops  Coolant leaks  Inspect for leaks
 Faulty water pump  Replace water pump
 Clogged or restricted  Clean or replace
hoses hoses
8. Engine Temperature  Faulty temperature  Replace temperature
Fluctuates sensor sensor
 Faulty thermostat  Replace thermostat
 Air in cooling system  Bleed air from cooling
system
9. Cooling System Noise  Air in cooling system  Bleed air from cooling
 Faulty water pump system
 Loose or corroded  Replace water pump
connections  Tighten or replace
connections

10. Coolant Color  Contamination  Check for

Change  Coolant contamination
degradation  Test coolant
 Faulty coolant  Replace coolant as
needed
 TYPES OF THERMOSTATS
A. WAX PELLET THERMOSTAT
B. BELLOW THERMOSTAT
THE END

THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION.