THE UNIT CIRCLE &

SIX TRIGONOMETRIC
RATIOS
Prepared by: Mr. Justine F. Buenafrancisca, LPT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Illustrate the different circular functions.

• Uses reference angles to find exact values of
circular functions.
• Derive the fundamental trigonometric
identities.
• Simplify trigonometric expressions.
UNIT CIRCLE
 THE UNIT CIRCLE

A Unit Circle is a circle with radius equals to 1

unit and is centered at the origin (0, 0).
2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 =1
For each of the coordinates
𝑥, 𝑦 = cos 𝜃 , sin 𝜃
THE UNIT CIRCLE

𝟐
1. sin 45° =
𝟐
5𝜋 1
2. cos =
3 2
5𝜋 𝟑
3. cos =−
6 𝟐
4. sin 270° = −𝟏
𝜋
5. cos = 𝟎
2
CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS
 CIRCULAR FUNCTION: DEFINITION & TERMS

Circular Function is referred to as the functions determined

by the length of the arcs on a circle.

TERMS: 𝜃 → angle in degrees; 𝑠 → angle in radians

COORDINATES: 𝑥, 𝑦 → cos 𝜃 , sin 𝜃 or cos 𝑠 , sin 𝑠
𝜋
MULTIPLIERS: 𝐷𝑒𝑔. 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑎𝑑. → 𝜃 ×
180
180
𝑅𝑎𝑑. 𝑡𝑜 𝐷𝑒𝑔. → 𝜃 × 𝜋
CIRCULAR FUNCTION: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC
𝒚
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒔 = 𝒓 (sine)
𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒔 = 𝒓 (cosine)
𝒚
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒔 = 𝒙 (tangent)
𝒓
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒔 = 𝒚 (cosecant)
𝒓
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒔 = 𝒙 (secant)
𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒔 = (cotangent)
𝒚
 CIRCULAR FUNCTION: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC

Trigonometric 𝜽 in Quadrants
Functions I II III IV
sin 𝜃 and csc 𝜃 + + - -
cos 𝜃 and sec 𝜃 + - - +
tan 𝜃 and cot 𝜃 + - + -
RECALL: 𝒓= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
𝒙= 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐
 CIRCULAR FUNCTION: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC
Example 1: Given the point 𝑃 2, 5 sin 𝜃 =
𝑦
=
5
=
𝟓 𝟐𝟗
𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑
𝑟 29 𝟐𝟗
on the circle, Find the value of the
𝑥 2 𝟐 𝟐𝟗
six trigonometric functions. cos 𝜃 = 𝑟
= 29
= 𝟐𝟗
𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕
(2, 5) 𝑦 𝟓
tan 𝜃 = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟓
𝑥 𝟐
𝑟 = 29 𝑦=5 𝑟 𝟐𝟗
csc 𝜃 = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖
𝑦 𝟓
𝑥=2
𝑟 𝟐𝟗
sec 𝜃 = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟐. 𝟔𝟗
𝑥 𝟐
𝑥 𝟐
cot 𝜃 = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟒
𝑟= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 22 + 52 = 29 𝑦 𝟓
 CIRCULAR FUNCTION: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC
Example 2: Given the point 𝑃 −6, 8 𝑦 8 𝟒
sin 𝜃 = = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟖
on the circle, Find the value of the 𝑟 10 𝟓
𝑥 −6 𝟑
six trigonometric functions. cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 = 10 = − 𝟓
𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟔
𝑦 8 𝟒
(-6, 8) tan 𝜃 = = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑
𝑥 −6 𝟑
𝑟 = 10 𝑟 10 𝟓
𝑦=8 csc 𝜃 = = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝑦 8 𝟒
𝑥 = −6 𝑟 10 𝟓
sec 𝜃 = = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕
𝑥 −6 𝟑
𝑥 6 𝟑
cot 𝜃 = = − = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝑦 8 𝟒
𝑟= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = −6 2 + 82 = 10
 CIRCULAR FUNCTION: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC
Example 3: Given the point 𝑃 −7, −24 𝑦 𝟐𝟒
on the circle, Find the value of the six sin 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔
𝑟 𝟐𝟓
trigonometric functions. 𝑥 𝟕
cos 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖
𝑟 𝟐𝟓
𝑦 −24 𝟐𝟒
tan 𝜃 = = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟑. 𝟒𝟑
𝑥 −7 𝟕
𝑟 𝟐𝟓
𝑥 = −7 csc 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒
𝑦 𝟐𝟒
𝑟 𝟐𝟓
𝑦 = −24 𝑟 = 25 sec 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟑. 𝟓𝟕
𝑥 𝟕
𝑥 −7 𝟕
(-7, 24) cot 𝜃 = = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗
𝑦 −24 𝟐𝟒
𝑟= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = −7 2 + (−24)2 = 25
 CIRCULAR FUNCTION: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC
14 𝑦 −14 𝟏𝟒
Example 4: If tan 𝜃 = 11, find the six tan 𝜃 = = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕
𝑥 −11 𝟏𝟏
trigonometric functions if the 𝜃 is in 𝑦 𝟏𝟒
quadrant III. sin 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗
𝑟 𝟑𝟏𝟕
𝑥 𝟏𝟏
cos 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐
𝑟 𝟑𝟏𝟕
𝑟 𝟑𝟏𝟕
𝑥 = −11 csc 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕
𝑦 𝟏𝟒
𝑦 = −14 𝑟 = 317
𝑟 𝟑𝟏𝟕
sec 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟏. 𝟔𝟐
𝑥 𝟏𝟏
(-11, -14) 𝑥 −11 𝟏𝟏
cot 𝜃 = = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗
𝑟= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = −11 2 + (−14)2 = 317 𝑦 −14 𝟏𝟒
 CIRCULAR FUNCTION: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC
9 𝑟 𝟗
Example 5: If csc 𝜃 = − 5, find the six csc 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎
trigonometric functions if the 𝜃 is in 𝑦 𝟓
𝑦 𝟓
quadrant IV. sin 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
𝑟 𝟗
𝑥 𝟐 𝟏𝟒
cos 𝜃 = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑
𝑟 𝟗
𝑟 𝟗
sec 𝜃 = = 𝐨𝐫 𝟏. 𝟐𝟎
𝑥 = 2 14 𝑥 𝟐 𝟏𝟒
𝑦 𝟓
𝑦 = −5 tan 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕
𝑟=9 𝑥 𝟐 𝟏𝟒
(2 14, -5) 𝑥 𝟐 𝟏𝟒
cot 𝜃 = = − 𝐨𝐫 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎
𝑥= 𝑟2 − 𝑦2 = 92 − (−5)2 = 2 14 𝑦 𝟓
TRY IT YOURSELF!
 Trigonometric Identities: Questions
I. Evaluate:
3𝜋
1. sin 120° 2. cos 3. cos 300°
2
II. Find the six trigonometric functions of the points below
1. Point 𝐴 −5, 9 2. Point 𝐵 9, −12
III. Write the trigonometric expressions below in the simplest form.
1. cot θ cos θ + sin θ
2. tan θ sin θ − sec θ
3. csc x cos x + csc x sin x
THANK YOU!!!