ll Ye Relel Off Complex Numbers Some Important Definitions: 1. Real Numbers: The set of real numbers are the union rational and irrational number i.e. = QUQ’ 2. Number lis It isa line on which we represent the real number at both sides of zero. The number are whole numbers and also integers. Properties of Real Numbers with respect to addition: 1. Closure property: "The sum of two real numbers isalsoareal number". atbe Where (a, b are real number and there addition is also another real number) 2. Commutative property: "For any two Real Number is same". ie. atb=bt+a Vabe 3. Associative property: "For any three real number the addition follow by the method called associative property". at(b+Q=(atb)+c Va,bce 4, Additive identity: "For any existing number no change observed as follow”. a+0=a=0+a VaeOis called additive identity. 5. Additive inverse: As, foreacha € having -a e So, a and -aare the additive inverse of each other =a+t(-a) = Properties of Real Number (1) Closure property: "The product of any two real number also areal number". abe so,abe called closure property with respect to multiplication. (2) Commutative property: "For any two real number aand b". ab=ba Va,be le is called commutative property. (3) Associative property: For any three real numbersa, b and c. (ab)c = (bc) is called associative property with respect to multiplication. (4) Multiplicative identity: For any real number a € |< multiply with 7 given the same real number so,"I"is called multiplicative identity. ie. axl=a=1xa Vae} (5) Multiplicative inverse: For each real number a ¢ \) there ia snumber J. gives the result 1 so, the 2 is called multiplicative inverse of a. 1 1 a(2)=(2) Distributive property of Multiplication over addi For any three real numbera, b, c, € «, such that:a(b +c) =ab +ac is called distributive property of multiplication over additions. Properties of Equa. (1) Reflexive property: Ifa & \* then a=a called reflexive property. (2) Symmetric property: Ifa, b cy. then a = b or b = ais called symmetric property. (3) Transitive Property: Ifa, b,c ei, then a=b or b=c then a=cis called transitive property. (4) Additive property: Ifa, b,c then a=b => at+e=b+e is called additive property. (5) Multiplicative property: If a, b and ¢ € )\ then a=b = ae=be is called multiplicative property. (6) Cancellation property for addition: a+c=b+¢e=4= bis called cancellation. (7) Cancellation property for multiplication: If a, b, ¢ ¢ je then ac = be = a = bis called cancellation property with multiplication. The symbol (‘{_ ) refers with radicals sign. In the symbole "[~ => (i; where “n’ is an integer called "Index". a = called "Radicand’. Ifn = 1, 2, 3, 4, a= (a), Yan (a)3, La = (a=Q) VaxJb = vab va _ fa (2) VeVe (3) aaa (4) JaxJa=a (5) mJatnVa = (mina © (5) (1) If the bases are same then in multiply powers are added ie.a"xa"=a™*" (2) Power to the power, multiply with each others i.e. [(a")}"=a™" =a (3) The whole power applied on each factor ofindex (axb)™ = a"xb" called law of power of a product. (4) The whole power applied on each factor (in divide) of indices. (i) 5 called law of power ofa Quetient. (5) ‘When any two numbers with same powers are divided with each other then move in multiply so, power are substreted. a” s=a"xa"=a"" a’ called law of quotient of power. Complex Numbe: A number which consist an imaginary part is called complex number, which is denoted by z i.e. (x + iy) also "i" use for imaginary part indication which is called iota and its value is, i=Now, in a number we have both components (a + ib) so, a = real partand b=imaginary part. ‘Conjugate of a complex Number: If we have a complex number (x + iy) then (x ~ iy) is called the conjugate of the given complex number and itis denoted byz i.e. z= (x,y) then Z = (x, -y) Also @e=z OD ek eee ee At complex number all basic mathematical operations are performed ro subtraction. (1) Addition or Subtraction: Real part addition or subtract in real and imaginary with imaginary. Let z,)=a+tib and z,=c tid (a + ib) + (c + id) to+brdi ol ie | z+ (2) Multiplication: Normal multiplication applied and removed i? by substituting its value, 2 XZ, =(a+ib)x (c+ id) 2\2) =ac +adi + bei + ibd Sact(ad+boit(-Ibd (. 2 =-1) = (ac = bd) + (ad + be)i (3) Division: In this we solve by the multiply and divide by the denominator of complex number conjugate and solve. ‘ 2 catib we z, ctidMultiply and divided by conjugate of (c+ id) on R-H.S. Z,_ atib cmid 2 ctid c=id _ (a+b) (6~id) _ ac~adi +be (c)? - (id)? c _a¢ + (be ~ad)i ~(-I)bd Itiple Choice Questions (M.C.Q: EBD Whe name of property use in 5+2 = 2+5 is called property. (a) commutative (b) additive (c) associative (d) closure EB The set of integer numbers is the, of set of rational and irrational numbers. (a) Union (b) intersection () power (d) subset The decimal fraction 2 = 0.1111... isa fraction. (a) non-terminating (b) Terminating (c) non-recurring (d) non-terminating and recurring 2+0 = 0+2 is the property called: (a) commutative (b) additive identity (c) associative (d) closure EB The multiplicative inverse of 5 is x (a) 10 (b) + (c) : (d) Zero GB -5+5=0=5+(-5) iscalled : (a) commutative (b) associative (c) multiplicative inverse (d) additive inverse ay13 iE? 15 The property 5x(6X10)=(5x6)x10 is called property. (a) commutative (b) associative (c) closure (a) multiplicative identity nis anumber called. : (a) rational (b) whole (©) irrational (a) natural. When we represent rational numbers in decimal from then types of decimal fractions are there: (a) two (b) three (©) four (d) none of these In real numbers there exist properties with respect to and . {a) addition and multiplication (b) subtraction anddivision (c) addition and subtraction (d) subtraction and multiplicative Sum of any two real numbers are again a number of number, (a) whole (b) real (c) rational (d) irrational 0.123 is any anexample of decimal fraction. (a) non-recurring (b) recurring (c) terminating (d) non-terminating 1 Jg isanexampleof__ numbers. (a) irrational (b) rational (c) whole numbers (d) terminating 2 isanexample of number. (a) rational (b) irrational (c) real number (d) recurring The product of any-two real numbers a and b is again a number. (a) real (b) whole (c) natural number (d) all of theseGs There are. properties of equality of real numbers. (a) eight (b) six (c) seven (d) ten There are. properties of inequalities of real numbers. (a) eight (b) six (c) seven (d) ten Laws of exponents or indices are important in many filed off (a) mathematics (b) physics (c) chemistry (d) biology A fraction which can be written in theform £ (where p, q € Z and q + 0) is called: (a) Prime number (b) Natural number (c) Rational number (d) Irrational number A decimal fraction in which the decimal part contains only a finite number of digitsis called a: (a) terminating fraction (b) recurring fraction (c) perfect fraction (d) composite fraction A non-terminating, decimal fraction whose decimal part contains some digits which are repeated again and again in the same order is called: (a) terminating fraction (b) recurring fraction (c) non-terminating fraction (d) composite fraction These fractions cannot be written in the form £ (where p,q ¢ Zand q-0). (a) terminating fraction (b) recurring fraction (©) non-terminating fraction (d) composite fraction The number represented by non-recurring non-terminating decimal fractions are called: (a) whole numbers (b) rational numbers (c) irrational numbers (d) complex numbers3 2 2458 2458 = ———_ is: 0.245. 1000 is: (a) terminating fraction (b) recurring fraction (c) perfect fraction (d) composite fraction All terminating decimal fractions represent rational the, : (a) whole numbers (b) rational numbers (c) irrational numbers (d) complex numbers V5 =2.2360679is: (a) terminating fraction (b) composite fraction (c) non-terminatingfraction (d) recurring fraction 1% = 3,1415926 is an: (a) whole number (b) rational number (c) non-terminating fraction ..(d) complex number Union of the sets of rational numbers (Q) and irrational numbers (Q) is called the set of: (a) whole numbers (b) rational numbers (c) irrational numbers (d) real numbers The element 0 is called the: (a) additive inverse (b) multiplicative inverse (c) additive identity (d) multiplicative identity In the symbol a", nis called the: (a) base (b) exponent (©) power (d) index (3) =: (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 81 (d) -81 (83)4 =? (a) 5 (by 5! (c) 51? (d) 57 a=: (a)o (b)-1 (1 (d) a The additive inverse of x ~ y ist (a) x+y (b)-x-y (x+y (dy +xEBB Additive inverse of 0 is: (a) 1 (b) -1 (0 (d) does not exist Multiplicative inverse of 0 is: (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) =I (d) does not exist EDs: (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) none of these 8 2 An expression which has at least one term involving a radical sign is called a: (a) radicand (b) surd (c) index (d) exponent The numbers that can be expressed as the ratio of twa integers are called: (a) rational numbers (b) irrational numbers (c) whole numbers (d) none of these The numbers that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers are called: (a) rational numbers (b) irrational numbers (©) whole numbers (d) none of these A number whose exponent is zero is always equal to: (a) 0 (b) 1 () 1 (d) the number The set A = }1, 3, 5, 7.....2.| is closed with respect to: (a) multiplication (b) addition (c) subtraction (a) division The multiplicative inverse of ~ '/ is: (a) 2 (b) - 2 (c) 6 (d) none of these EZ (a + ib) is called: (a) Real number (b) complex number (©) rational number (d) integers(a)z (b) 2? (c) @) (d) None of these we a+ib=c +id iff a= and b=d fae (b) d (a (4) b ee a+b)+C+#dD=t+0+(_)i (a) (a+ b) (b) @-b) © @+4) (d) @~d) ix (a) (b) -1 (0 (d) all of these GP 2-2 =@-9+¢ di (a) (a + b) () (a-b) (c) @ +d) (d) &-d) . Zy (act+bd be -ad), @ 2 -(Sa) =): where z1 = (a, b) and 22= (¢ a) (a) a? +b? (b) a? - b? ()a-b dd) +d? =GEc= 31. (c) | 41. (b) 32. (c) | 42. (b) 32. (c) | 43. (b) 34. (a) | 44. (b) 35. (a) | 45. (c) 36. (d) | 46. (a) 37. () | 47.) 38. (a) | 48. (b) 39. (a) | 49. (d) 40. (b) | 50. (a)B: Ld EA] dentify the following numbers as rational and irrational numbers and also write each one in separate column. @ $= 0.2 Gi) Ans. Irrational Number. Ans. Rational Number. iii) x i) = 0.177....... . Ans. Irrational Number. Ans. Irrational Number. s (ix) VE —= = 0.04.. Ve Ans, Rational Number. Ans. Irrational Number. 22 a ROS Gy) “= 0.28 Ans, Irrational Number. Ans. Rational Number. (i) 4 1 4, @) Fp = 0.25 Ans, oe Number, Ans. Irrational Number. Gil) => wi) VE Ans, Irrational Number, Ans. Irrational Number. EE] convert the following into decimal fraction, also indicate them as terminating and non-terminating decimal fractions. a 3 a @ a7 0.625 di 7 he DZZ2Zeesvvee Ans. Terminating Ans. Non-terminatingey 49 (iii) is = 0.0666... (iv) 8 = 6.125 Ans. Non-terminating Ans. Terminating 207 50 ® F138 (i) 20 = 0.657... Ans. Terminating Ans. Non-terminating GE Represent the following rational number on number line. 8 o ae 8/10 ae ereetinerereeberserseceberreeteberereseceeleeeeneeeebenneeeeete 3 2 -l oO 1 2 3 Ww -5 ee ee be 3 2-89 -l oO 1 2 3 ww 1 5 iii) lz blr a 2 “1 1 2 A ee tt L 0 f 1 @ ad 4 2 -1 1 2 1 0 -1+ 2 4 oF 2/3 Re ts 3 2 -l 0 1 2 2 -F -2/3EEE Can you make a list of all rational numbers between 1 and 2? 9 Ans. The possible list of the Number are 2 3.2.3, sive EE® Give reason, why pi(n) is an irrational number? Ans. As, we Know; Which is a non-ending fractional number that is why it called an Irrational Number. ® Tick the correct statements. @ : is an example of irrational number. (ii) xis an irrational number, (iii) 0.31591... is an example of non-terminating and non- repeating decimal fraction, (iv) 0.123 is an example recurring decimal fraction. ) 42 are lying between Oand 1. (vi) # is an example of rational number. nce (i) ~(True) (iv) x (False) (i) ~(rue) | (v) ~ (True) (iii) (True) | (vi) x (False)MEE Recognize the properties of real numbers used in the following: » 0 ew 8 O g+ees+s Ans. Commutative property of addition. yy Med g Bn (Big wD) id (ii) $(rb +3)=(4 +14)+ 3 Ans. Associative property w.r. to addition. ae 10 | 20 10 20 iii) 9x(22 + 2) 2 (ox 10) + (ox 22) Ans. Left distributive property of multiplication over addition. o Ease Gat) Gd) Ans. Right distributive property of Multiplication over subtraction. a A F Ans. Commutative property of multiplication. w) 2x Sle (vii) 11x (15x 21) = (11x 12)x 21 Ans. Associative property of multiplication. on 2. 11 il 2 wT TT Rs Ans. Multiplicative inverse. wold) (ane Ans. Additive inverse.w (B)+G)-)-@e Ans, Multiplicative inverses. wo Habe) eS) (Bod Ans. Left distributive property of multiplication over subtraction. Ans. Multiplicative inverse, EX Fill the correct real number in the following to make the real numbers property correct. o $.8-8,8 .. 7 ,(70,16)_ 7 (MO, 16 aw 10 +(e is} = 4 is) 99 , 50 50 99 v (8) (@-m (v) @21) + (@ os Aa) 8 EX Fill the following blanks to make the property correct/ true. (i) 5 <8and8<10>5<10 di) 10> 8 and8>5=> 10> 5 OR 5< 10 (ii) -@(iii) (iv) (v) @ (ii) (iii) (iv) @ Ans. i) Ans. iii) Ans. yy) Ans, iv) Ans, 3<6=>34+9< 649 4< 62448 < 648 8>6=>8+8> 648 Fill the following blanks which make the property correct/ true: 5<7=>5x12 < 7x12 7>5=>7xK12< 5x12 6>4=>6x (-7) < 4x (-7) 2<8=>2x (-4) > 8x (-4) Find the additive and multiplicative inverse of the following real numbers. 3 Additive inverse = 3 + (-3) = 0 Multiplicative inverse = 3 ts 1 7 Additive inverse =-7+7=0 Multiplicative inverse = -7 xt =1 0.3 Additive inverse = 0.3 + (-0.3) = 0 Multiplicative inverse = 0.3 x a =1 we 5 Additive inverse --£.4(8) =O Multiplicative inverse = aed =F m1 a. 12 mo EB Additive inverse 12 + aT 0 i i why JZ Multiplicative inverse = Viz + are 1(i) o Ans. Additive inverse =0+0=0 Multiplicative inverse = 0 x 4. 1 LE GEES Write the base and exponent of the following: @ 31 Ans. Base =3 ; Exponent =4 « (3) Ans. Base -4 ; Exponent = 3 Gi). 30)” Ans. Base = -30; Exponent = 20 QE] identify radicand and index in the following: @ us Ans. Radicand = a» dz we Ans. Radicand “=> 3 Index = 4 iii) x? yz Ans. Radicand = x’yz ; Index =5 EES ransfer the following into exponential forms. {@) Index = 3fier ~ oo fey Ge] -@" = «inf 2) * Solution: 1 3 gt ’ 2 @) [OTB]: GF @) Yon)’ Solution: You)? = [on] "= Gay)” Ans. @) 27 Solution: 8[27 = (27)'” ans. wi) Yeon? Solution: 3 -64)?=[-64))] 0-64)" ans. co) iaSolution: (-[)' a" Witt) Jay)? Solution: [oO = [oe] = Gey" ns. (ix) a} Solution: 1/3 Ty [rayal!® aye WlGT-O" a EX Transform the following into radical forms. ® 6% Solution: (6)t = 7/53 Ans. ) @b9s Solution: (ab) = ab? Ans. « a Solution: 5 y' 7 3" Oy sy = Pom(iv) @y Solution: » (2B) Solution: (GaGa) alm L 5 ~ HE) ane 5 =. 35x32 = 352 = 3% =3x3x3 =27 Ans. oa 29.59 ) Solution: 245 ate? ats 10?” (xa)* 285? = 24x22x53x52 ahs=2?,5'm 4x5 =20 Ans. (a+b)?.(¢+d)? (a+b) (+d)? Solution: (@@+b)?. (+d? (a+b) (+d)? Gii) = (a+b)?. (a+b)! (€+d)3. (4d)? = (a+b)?"!. (c+d)3? =(a+b)(c+d) Ans, QE] Simplify using law of exponent: o (GS Solution: ~ @e-@” - (me in Gy ( 2)’@) (-3x573 Solution: (3x57)? = (-3)° x (5°? =(-3) x (54) =(-3)) x 5° Ans. @ [sxc]? Solution: [3xca7]? = (x Ca? =3)x 167 =3) x(-4)® Ans. eaycareateegy™ 7 J" Ans. (viii) mn7¢*n?m't? Solution: = mtn 7a montt!! Ans.fix) ab? abcibtat Solution: wm g2t3t4 poet 543 = a®boc® Ans, (%) 10x*y®x?27y? Solution: = 10x4*y6+322 => 10x*y%z? Ans. (Answer in the book is wrong) wo 2 anes Solution: 3 307,242 ,2 => 3 ¥ s e 3 106492 Saree Ans. oo £264 68 Solution: Z Cesta w-(4)-can (gs (2am EEG Simplify using the law of exponent: @® (6 Solution: 573 = 5° Ans, i) (Gy) Solution: (xy) "5 = (xy) Se x!5y5 Ans. / 44543ii), (C-4)7}5 Solution: {(-4)?}5 = (-4)2%7= (4)!0 = (-4)'° Ans. dv) {€3)3¢-4)?}3 Solution: {€3)3(-4)?}3= (-3)38= (-4)23 = (-3)° x (-4)® Ans. 2)3 » (5) Solution: (")=($) ans o (Sy Solution: as win {ey} Solution: {@)}' ={@9}' =z Ans. (viii) {(mmm3m 92)" Solution: {(mmn?m3m4)2}° = {(m? #243442}= {ome} - {(m29}* = m20%5 =m!0 Ans. fx) -1-0.1)?-0.1) 0.14]? Solution: = [-0.1)? -0.1)3 (-0.1) 1}? = -[C0.1)? 4]? =-[(-0.1)°? ==(-0.1)97 = -(0.1)"" Note: Answer in the book is wrong. GEE Write the following complex numbers in the form of a+ib for the given ordered pairs. @ @, 2 (vy) CL D Solution: Solution: (1, 2)=(1+2i) Ans. (1, 1) =(1+i) Ans. Gi) @ 2) @) (2, 2) Solution: Solution: (2 2)=(2+2i) Ans. (-2, 2) =(-1+2i) Ans. Gi) GB, Wi) (3, Solution: Solution: @, 4)=(@+4i) Ans. (-3, 4)=(-3+44i) Ans.A] identify real and imaginary parts for the following complex numbers. @ 142% Solution: 1+2i Real Part (z) =1 Imaginary part (z) =2 Gi) 9144 Solution: 944 Real Part (z) =4 Imaginary part (z)=9 ii) (-5, 6) Solution: (5, 6)2 -5+6i Real Part (z) =73 Imaginary part (z) = 6 | (iv) -1-i Solution: -1-i Real Part (z) Imaginary part (z) =-1 » (3)-@) “ey (4) RealPart(z) = @) =-1 Imaginary part (z)= ¢) (vi) 2i-1 Solution: 2i-1 Real Part (z) Imaginary part (z) EG Find the conjugate of the following complex numbers. @ 3+2% Solution: 3+ 2% Let z=34+2i Then its conjugate z=3-2i ii) (4, 9) Solution: Ans. 4, N= 4+ 9 Let z=4+9 Then its conjugate Z=4-9i Ans. di) A, D Solution: CL, Il =-1t+i Let z=-l+i Then its conjugate Z=-1-i Ans, (iv) 1-i Solution: 1-i Let z=1-i Then its conjugate Z=1+i Ans.@ (3) +(4)e (vi) 3141 4 Solution: Solution: (C4) a 5. Let z=1+3i caeum (2)4C4) i Then its conjugate 5 z=1-3i Ans, GEBe Verify that @ = z, for the following complex numbers. 0 G)-(8) Solution: Let 2-($)+ (i aD Now, its conjugate =-(7)-() Now, again take the conjugate of Z so, a-()-C8) ® -(3) + (4) sees (2) From equation (1) and equation (2) we get BH =z Proved. (#)(8) Solution: Let z=(-3)+(8): age ()Taking its conjugate Now, again find conjugate. ® =(-2)- (22); @-(#)-(): B= 2 +(2); G- %+ (2); vase Q) From equation (1) and equation (2) we get @ == Proved. Gi) 4 =3i Solution: Taking its conjugate again. & -(4-3/) ® =4 $ Bi eus(2) From equation (1)(2)=> @ =z Proved. (iv) 243i Solution: Let 2=343i Taking the conjugate7 2=2-3i Now, seain: taki! aking ¢ conjugate 2-31 +31 From equation(1) and equation (2) we get @®-==z Proved. @) -2-3 C2) i Solution: Leto z Taking its conjugate 2 2=-2-3( 3) =-24+3 (4 3 2); Now, again taking conjugate ®=-2+3 (2) 10 @ =-2-3 (2 = From equation (1) and equation (2) we get @®=:z Proved. Wi) 4x 43iy ..(2) Solution: Let z=4x+3iy .. a) Taking conjugate of equation (1) zZ=ixt ay [z = 4x—3iy www.downloadclassnotes.com for Notes, Old Papers, Home Tutors, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 30 of 554)Now, taking again conjugate @ = 4x -3iy @ = 4x + 3iy ... (2) From equation (1) and equation (2) we get @ =z Proved. . EEX] Find the values of x and y, when. @ x+yi=-54+5i Solution: xtyi=—5 + St Now, comparing the real and imaginary parts to get x and y. =[x=—5];[y=5] Ans. Gi) x? + iy? 845i Solution: x? + iy Comparing the real and imaginary parts to get x and y. 16 2s R=>x 3 Take square root. ave = [Ee x= + Ans. [oe Le 9 2, I> 35 Taking square roots. = yz =it) y2+ Ze 2 Git) y?+ Fis 12i-Fi Solution: ap Siete PrZisi2-si Comparing Real and Imaginary parts. R=> y?=121 Taking square root vy? =V121 y=1l] Ans. x3 ae 9 = xacgx3 27 x=-<2) Ans. 2 3. _ 6/F 2/2. dy) s*- FA oi Solution: B35 838 22, a Eat Comparing the coefficients real and imaginary parts. V5. 63 V2 R=> as(S255 Perform the indicated operations of the following complex numbers. @ (3,2) + (9,3) Solution: (3,2) + (9, 3) => (3+9, 2+3) => (12,5) Ans. 3G. 2) Solution:Solution: 1 (xy, 5y2)- (4 xy, 6) (20- 4x, 5y-6y') dxy-xy = 2) (2. * oy, ) (22. -y2) ane (iv) (15, 12) -(10,-9) Solution: (15, 12) ~(10,~9) (15-10, 12 + 9) (5, 21) Ans. : 3 of 4-68) @i) 1, 2) (1, -2) Solution: (1, 2) (1, -2) => (1+2i) (1-21)=> (1-7f+ 4-41) => [1-4(-1) +0i) =[1+4+0i] => [1+4]=(, 0) Ans. vii) (4, -5) (5, -4) Solution: (4, -5) (5, -4) (5—4i). (5-41) (20 - 161 -25i + 2012) (20 -41i + 20(-1)) Cs Faeg) (20 -20-41i) (0-411) (0, -41) Ans. viii) ( rw uuuuuy — ta! + hi 2x3, 2x3, , 2V18 ; , 2918 7 ge “42 zat » (dee 3 8) BFE) u TT ‘f 5 ol? N i slsee) 4 2 2V2 3-6¥2 123) > ( ra aa Ans. fix} 3, -72+, 2) Solution: 3-71 342i Multiplication and divided by (3 - 2i) on R.H.S._ 327i, 3-2 3*2i- 3-2) (3~7i)@- 2i) (3) -(2iY (3)? -6i- 211+ 141? 4d? 9-27i+14(-1) 9-4(-l) 9-14-27: u u 4d u Ans, x) 4, 5) + (2, -3) Solution: 2-31 Multiplication and divided by (2 + 3i) on R.H.S. 4+ 243i > «Ko 2-31 2+3i (445i) (243i) (2-31) (2*31)8+12i+10i+15i7 > (2)? -(3i)? (8-15)+22i _-7+22i ® 449 13 27,22, 2 BB 17 2) =- 13°13) 4" EE Simplify and write your answer inform of a + ib. 1 @ 1+i Solution: =I 1+i Multiply and Divided by (1 -i) -1ti > aaa [a+)7 => [)?+2 +07)[+2i+ Ci}? (@-2+ 21)? (0 + 2i)? (2i)? 42 4(-1) (440i) Ans. Note: Answerin the book is wrong. uuEUUUUY 4 _, (2-81) (3ti)-C44i) 3-1) (3-1) (341) 5 (6+ 2i-18i~6i? )-(12-4i+ 31-1?) (3)? -(i)? [6-16i-6 (-1)]-[12-(-)-i] 2 oa (6+6-16i)-(13-i) 10 (12 - 16% -13-i) ae - Las) si 10; 1 ™ Gyanaeo Solution: 1 (2+3i) (+t) 1 (2+ 2i+3i+3i?) 1 = G-3751) ae (-1+ 5i) Multiply and Divided by (- 1-54 (-1-5i) (-1)? -(5i)? ede gs Wfz)=-4 + 6iandz,=25- ~2i, verify that: @ 2 4%2=7;+% Solution: uti a-4+6i+3-2i =-4+846i-21 -8+5 +4 +22 adt4iTaking conjugate of z) + zz (A) a 3 => 27% a al oe Now, 2, =-4+6i Taking conjugate of z; => =-4t65 > Fyn = 66 cesssicsss(B) Also, conjugate of zz becomes > Res-2i 5 B= +2) 23-5 (C) By given condition. 2,22 = 2 +2, 3 -F-4i (-4-61)+ (S42!) 2445-6142: —8+5 — Fi asin - 2-45 2 L.H.S=R.H.S Proved. @i) 27-22 =71-7 Solution: Lise); =(-446i-(S- -_ 3 . 4+6i 2 + 2i 54 6i+2i = 22-22 =-Besi 77m --B-si Now, putting the values in given condition. i.e. 7/=22= 7-2 L.H.S = R.H.S Proved, Eke Wiz) = 2-Siand 1, =2 + 3i. verify that: @ 2)%27 71-72 Solution: z) = 2-5i 22 = 243i % LHS = BH = (2-5i) (2 + 3i) = (4+ 6i- 101-151) =44 15-41 19-46 vee (A) Taking conjugate 22 = 19-4 =1944i Now, solve Z)-2;1% 2 = (2-51)-(2431) = (2+5i) (2-31) =4-6i+10i-15i? = 4-15(-1)+4i =44+15+4i F19FG Es essssed (B) From equation (A) and equation (B) we get L.H.S =R.H.S Proved. Solve L.H.S z _ 2-Si LHS == = Z 2+3i 2, _2-5i 2-31 % 2st 23h _ @-5i) (2-31) @y-@iy x 4—6i-10i+15i? 4-9(-1) _ 4-15-16: “B wad _ 16; 13 13 Now, taking conjugate @)-2s: Zz) 13 13 u ald 16; Den2 (243i) 2+5% 2=3i Multiply and Divided by (2 + 3i) 2+5i | 2+3i “323i “Tei Hy _(2+ Si) (2+ 3i) BR P-GP 4461410141512 “—F9Cn 4415 (-1)+16i as 4-15+16i = A=, 16; % 13 413 From equation (A) and equation (B) we observed that LH.S = R.H.S Verified. ++(B) - COB ke ke COEDReview EE Fill in the blanks. @ (ii) (iii) (iv) v) (vi) (vii) Multiplicative inverse of J5 is QuQ = The additive identity in R is 5+(6+7=(5+6) + 3+-3)5 nisa numbers. Bis a number. (viii) The conjugate of -3 + Siis (ix) (ix) In 2i (3 — i), the real partis The product of two complex number (a, b) and (c, d) i.e. (a, b).(ed) meee @ v5 (vi) Irrational (ii) Set of Real Number (vii) Irrational (ii) 0 (viii) -3 - 5i (iv) 7 (ix) 2 [2i (3-)=67+2] (v) 0 (x) (ac~ bd, ab + be) EER Read the following sentences carefully and encircle 'T in @ (i) (iii) case of true and 'F in case of false statement. Ris closed under multiplication. Ifx 1.5x10°Km (Move the point just after 1" digit and count the zero (number) as the power of 10) @ Mass of hydrogen atom is too small i.e. 0.0000000000000000000000000001 7gm => so count the zeros move point just after one digit and put the quantity of zero with ~ve sign. i.e. 1.7x10°7gm., ° We use two Basic Relations for conversion of logarithm of a real number. (I)a*=y and (2)log, y=x Wa,y>0 and ae! Logarithm: J The logarithm of base 10 is called common logarithm or artificialLogarithm or Briggs logarithm. It writtenas logy =x ey = 10* har acteristics and Mantissa of umber: ) As, the logarithm is conisting two parts one is integer and second is decimal. So, the integer or integral part is called characteristic and the decimal part is called Mantissa. The characteristic part may be positive or negative but mantissa is always positive. , In the normal representation the —ve characteristic written as 3,2 or instead of-3, -2o0r-1. As, the logaritms of a number of the same sequence of significant digits gives the same mantissa like 0.004567 or 0.04567 or 4.567 or 45.67 etc. shows the same mantissa characteristic of the number is always one less the the given +ve integer, (Rule for find Antilog: (1) For characteristic positive ‘n" antilog must be n + 1 for the integral part of the digits, (2) For characteristic negative "n" antilog must be n - 1 zeros immediately following the decimal part. CBD kk OEDMultiple Choi es G Itis a short way to write very large and very small numbers. (a) Factorization (b) Roots (c) Scientific Notation (d) Trigonometry In scientific notation, the number 7530000 can be written as: (a) 7.53 x 10° (b) 75.3 x 10° (© 7.53 x 10* (d) 75.3 x 10* In scientific notation, the number 0.000000953 can be written as: (a) 9.53 x 10° (b) 9.53 x 10 (©) 9.53 x 10” (d) 9.53 x 107 If the movement of the decimal point is towards the left from its original position, then the exponent of 10 is: (a) zero (b) positive (©) negative (d) infinite If the exponent of 10 is negative, then from its original position, the movement of the decimal point is toward the: (a) right (b) left (©) center (d) none of them Ordinary form of 5.375 x 10° is: (a) 537500000000 (b) 53750000000 (6) 5375000000 (a) 537500000 6.75x10% =: (a) 0.00000000675 (b) 0.0000000675 (©) 0.000000675 (a) 0.00000675 In logarithmic form, 81 = 3¢ is written as: (a) log, 81 = 3 (b) log, 81 = 4 (©) log, 3 = 81 (d) logy 4 = 81ee { 20. ae ee BG 4 = & Ss) The equation x = a’ has no unique solution if a =: (ayo () 1 (c) 10 (d) 100 log, 1 =: @o (b) 1 () 10 (d) 100 The logarithm of 1 to any base is: (a) zero (b) one (c) ten (d) unlimited log,a =: (ayo (b) 1 (€) 10 (d) 100 The logarithm of the base to itself is: (a) zero (b) one (c) ten (d) unlimited The logarithm of the product of two numbers is the: (a) sum of their logarithms (b) difference of their logarithms (c) product of their logarithms (d) none of them The logarithm of the quotient of two numbers is the: (a) sum of their logarithms (b) difference of their logarithms (c) product of their logarithms (d) none of them log, (R= (@) log, m + log, n () log, m — log, n (©) log, n= log, m (d) log, m ~ log, n log, m" =: (a) log, m.log,n (b) log, (c) mlog,n (d) nlog,m log,b . log, a =: @o (b) 1 (10 (d) 100 The base of common logarithms is: (ayo (b) 1 (c) 10 (d) 100 The base of natural logarithms is: (a) p (b) 1 (c) 10 (de" CBaAR mm 8 & N ) w is = a It is the decimal part of the common logarithm. (a) mantissa (b) characteristics (c) base (d) power The characteristic of 0.08595 is: (a)2 (b) 2 (1 (d) 1 The characteristic of 85945 is: (a)2 (b) 3 () 4 (d)1 If log, x = 2, the value of x in: (a)xt=7 9 (b) 27 (=x (d) Ex The scientific notation of 756837 is: (a) 7.56837 x 10° (b) 7.56837 x 10°* (©) 7.56837 x 104 (d) none of these If log, 16 = 4,a =: (a) 3 (b) 4 @2 (d) 16 The logarithmic form of 2° = 32 is: (a) logs,5=2 (b) log, 32 = 5 (©) logs 32 =2 (a) none of these The characteristics of 6.67 x 10"! is: (a) 3 (b) -3 (©) 5 (d) none of them If log,9 1000 = y, the value of y will be: (a) 10 (b) 3 «5s (a) 0 te. (22) (a) loga x3 + logs y logaz® —(b)_- 3 log, x + logay - 2 logaz in eo (0) 3 tog, x-longy + 2logyz (ay LIEK Wat logayEZR) if log, x =2'4,x =: (a) 1/8 (b) 8 (©) 6 @) 1/9 The characteristic of 0.00234 is: (a)2 (b) 2 (3 (d) 3 13. (b) | 19. (c) + (a) | 31. (a) 14. (a) | 20. (d) | 26. (c) | 32. (d) 15. (b) | 21. (a) | 27. (b) 16. (b) | 22. (b) 17. (d) | 23. (©) 18. (b) | 24. (d) CBR CBD(iv) Ans. ” Ans. @ Ans. Gi Ans. it) .T cz Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation. 9700 9.7x108 4,980,000 4.98 x 10° 96,000,000 + 9.6107 4169 4.169 x 107 84,000 8.4x 104 (vi) 0.00643 Ans. 6.43 x 10% (vii) 0.00643 Ans. 6.43 x 10% (viii) 0.0074 Ans. 7.4x 103 (ix) 0.0074 Ans, 7.4x 107 (x) 275,000 Ans. 2.75 x 10° Express the following numbers in ordinary notation (Standard notation). 7x 10% 70000 8.072 x 10-10 0,0000000008072 6.018 x 10° 6018000 7.865 x 10° 786500000 2.05 x 10° 0.000205 (vi) 7.25 x10! Ans. 72500000000 (vid) 4.502 x 108 Ans. 4502000 (viii) 2.865 x 10°° Ans. 0.00000002865 (ix) 3.056 x 10° Ans. 3056000EBD Write the following in logarithmic form. @ 7=343 Solution: Weknow a*= ast x= So, the log form is => logy =x => log, 343=x Ans. 1 om ede: @ 3*= FF Solution: Wehave a*=y... 1 a=3; x54 y= ra So, the log form is => logy =x 1 => logs (<>)=-4 Ans. Gii) 10-3 = 0.001 Solution: 1075 = 0.001 .. As, we knowWehave a*=y (2) a=10; x=-3 and y=0.001 So, the log form is > log, => logo 0.001 Ans. vy) VPs Solution: Weknow a*=y 2 a=m; x=> and y=1 So, the log formis > log,y=x => — log, (1) = 2 Ans. EEG Write the following in exponential form. @ log,781= 4 Solution: a log, 81 = z ‘We have loggy =X on 4 a=27; y=8land x=—> So, the exponential formis at=y 27% =81 Ans.(i) log, 5 =-3 Solution: 1 log, — = 82 8 We have Logg =X ssessee 1 a=2; yrRi x=-3 The exponential formis atay (2)°= Git) logyg1 =O be 8 Solution: log jo] =O -..s..(E) ‘We have logy 2) a=10; y=1; x=0 So, the exponential form is: a*=y AED Find the unknown in the following: © logs. =F Solution: logs = sve ) We have logy = x From (1)(2)= 4 = 32; yexsxedatay 323 = x x=4J/Z Ans. we tog,3 = Solution: We have log gy = X vssseess (2) The exponential form is a*=y at=3 ‘Taking square on both sides 2 = (a 4 = (3)? [@=9) Ans. Gil) Logg 25= Solution: . log yg 25= ys We have From (I)(2)=> a= V5; y=25; x=y The exponential from is aX=y => (/5)¥=25 st a5 J=2 So,weget y=4 Ans,% 3 (iv) logyx 5 Solution: logy x= 3 oeerne() Wehave logy Y= Xevseeven( 2) .From(1) (2)=9 a=4; y=x; x=8 So, the exponential form is a* y . => din=x 1 (yz =x x 64 Ans. () log;9100=y Solution: log 19100 = y ssrsv00s(1) Wehave log,y =x a=10; y=100; x=y So, the exponential form is av=y => 10”= 100 => 10” = 10? As, when the bases are same powers are also same. . y=2 Ans.(i) log, 64 =3 Solution: log, 64 Wehave log, y = x From (1)(2)=a=a; y= 64; x=3 So, the exponential form is a*=y a? = 64 a= a=4 Ans, (vii) log, 1 =0 Solution: Log, 1 = 0 seseossnss We have log,y =x... From (1) (2)=3a=a; y=1; x=0 So, the exponential form is a*ny a=] a=1 Ans, (viii) logs5 55 = Solution: log ss 55 = y ersessse(1) Wehave — logy =X sssesu(2) From (1)(2)=a=55; y=55; x=y So, the exponential form is atzy 55*=55 x=1 Ans.(ix) loge 8 => Solution: logeg 8 =3 Wehave —log,y =x. From (1)(2)=9a= 64; y =8; x =3 So, the exponential formis a*=y 64°72 = 8 2 @yAa8 8=8 x=] Ans. put GERD Find the characteristics and mantissa of the following Logarithm, @ 8 Solution: Characteristics =1-1=0 Mantissa =0.9031 @i) 5054 Solution: Characteristics =4—] =3 Mantissa =0.7036 (iii) 9.992 Solution: Characteristics = I-1=0 Mantissa = 0.8839 (iv) 765.3 Solution: ‘Characteristics =3-1=2 Mantissa = 0.8839 (@) 0.00329 0.00329= 3.29x10™> Characteristics= 3 Mantissa = 0.5172 (vi) 0.0000300 Solution: 3.00 3.00x10-5 Characteristics = 5 Mantissa = 0.4771EE] Find the logarithms of the following numbers. @ 9 Solution: Characteristics = 0 Mantissa = 0.9542 0+0.9542 = 0.9542 Gi) 55.56 Solution: Characteristics = 1 Mantissa = 0.7448 140.7448 = 1.7448 Git) 29.592 Solution: Characteristics = I Mantissa = 0.4711 1+0.4711 = 1.4711 (iv) 405.3 Solution: Characteristics = Mantissa 2+0.6078 (v) 0.00469 Solution: Characteristics = 3 Mantissa = 0.6712 3.6712 (vi) 0.000076 Solution: Characteristics = 5 Mantissa = 0.8808 « 5+0.8808 = 5.8808 \ Nv 6078 6078 EH Pf log 31.09 = 1.4926, find the value of the following without using log table. @ log 3.109 Solution: Characteristics = 0 Mantissa = 0.4926 0.4926 => 0.4926 Ans. (i) log 310.9 Solution: Characteristics = 2 Mantissa = 0.4926 0.4926 Ans. ii) log 0.003109 Solution: Characteristics = 3 Mantissa = 0.4926 = 3.4926 Ans. (iv) log 319.0 Solution: Characteristics = 2 ©. Mantissa = 0.4926 => 3.4926 Ans.() log 310.942 (vi) log 310926 Solution: Solution: ‘Characteristics = 5 Mantissa = 0.4926 5+0.4926 => 5.4926 Ans. a: EES by using table, find the numbers whose common logarithms are: @ 3.56721 Solution: Characteristics = 2 Mantissa = 0.4926 => 2.4926 Ans. To find, convert it in round off form ie. 3.5672 Antilog (3.5672) = 3692 Ans. Gi) 1.7427 Solution: Antilog (1.7427) 0.5530 Ans. (iii) 0.35749 Solution: Antilog (0.3575) 2.278 Ans. EE] Find the Logarithm of the following numbers by using calculator. @ 900 (ii) 45.54 Solution: Solution: log (900) log(45.54) = 2.9542 Ans. = 1.65839 Ans.