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1. All dimension in mm unless otherwise

stated

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BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 2. 30mpa concrete Strength should be
6 6
used
3. 500Mpa charasteristic strength of steel
to be use grade B500 A or B or C
4. Cover to renforcement to be 40mm for

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0
60
column ,30mm for beams ,25 mm for

0X

30
0X
30

60
BM
slab and 60mm for foundation pad

0
5. Minimum size of course aggregate
should not be less than 20mm

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BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X700 BM 300X700
5 5

Concreting in cold weather

6.2.4.1 General

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In cold weather, consideration should be given to the following:
a) prevention of freezing of the immature concrete;
b) extended stiffening times which may lead to increased formwork pressures and delays in finishing;
c) low rate of concrete strength development which may lead to delays in subsequent construction
operation such as striking formwork.
Concrete may suffer permanent damage if its temperature falls below 0 "C before it is mature enough to
resist disruption by freezing. The extent and severity of such damage is not readily determined and
therefore the emphasis should be placed on measures to prevent it occurring.

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To provide confidence that the concrete can resist permanent damage from freezing the temperature of the
concrete should, a t no point, fall below 5 "Cuntil the concrete in the structural element reaches a strength
of 5 N/mm2 nor should water curing be applied in conditions where freezing of the concrete is anticipated. 4 4
This should apply regardless of the air temperature at the point of placing. The 5 N/mm2 strength
requirement may be assessed by tests on cubes cured, as far as possible, under the same conditions as the
concrete in the element

3 3

Concreting in cold weather

6.2.4.1 General
COL 300X550

COL 300X550
In cold weather, consideration should be given to the following:
a) prevention of freezing of the immature concrete; 2 2
b) extended stiffening times which may lead to increased formwork pressures and delays in finishing;
c) low rate of concrete strength development which may lead to delays in subsequent construction
operation such as striking formwork.
Concrete may suffer permanent damage if its temperature falls below 0 "C before it is mature enough to
resist disruption by freezing. The extent and severity of such damage is not readily determined and
therefore the emphasis should be placed on measures to prevent it occurring.
BM 300X600

BM 300X700
To provide confidence that the concrete can resist permanent damage from freezing the temperature of the
concrete should, a t no point, fall below 5 "Cuntil the concrete in the structural element reaches a strength
of 5 N/mm2 nor should water curing be applied in conditions where freezing of the concrete is anticipated.
This should apply regardless of the air temperature at the point of placing. The 5 N/mm2 strength
requirement may be assessed by tests on cubes cured, as far as possible, under the same conditions as the
concrete in the element (see 6.1).
NOTE Alternatively, guidance may be obtained from CIRIA Report No. 136.
Any concrete that is damaged by freezing should be removed from the work.
Measures can be taken for both the fresh concrete and the construction methods to assist in achieving the
COL 300X550

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COL 300X550

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COL 300X550

COL 300X550

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COL 300X550
above requirements. BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600
6.2.4.2 Fresh concrete 1 1
24450.00

Measures which can be adopted for fresh concrete, up to the point of delivery, to assist in controlling the
risk of damage from freezing, are:
a) increase the specified minimum temperature of the fresh concrete in accordance with0A.9.2 of
b) incorporation of an accelerating admixture; chloride free admixtures should be used when the concrete
contains reinforcement or other embedded metal;
c) use of cement that hardens more rapidly;
d) increase in cement content to raise the heat of hydration and early strength. Other measures may be
needed to ensure the initial temperature of the concrete is sufficient for hydration to proceed.
I BS 8500-1:2006 a;
6.2.4.3 Construction method
A range of measures can be adopted during the construction sequence to avoid the risk of damage from
freezing. These include:
a) all surfaces with which the fresh concrete will come into contact including those of formwork, A B C D E F G H I J K M N
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reinforcement, prestressing steel and hardened concrete, should be free from snow, ice and frost and
preferably be at a temperature close to that of the fresh concrete. Special care is needed when small
quantities of fresh concrete are placed against larger quantities of hardened concrete at a lower
temperature, or in frozen ground;
b) covering the faces, particularly the exposed top faces of slabs and beams, with insulating materials;
NOTE
surfaces may be advisable.
c) shielding newly placed concrete from the wind;
d) using a heated enclosure, completely surrounding the freshly placed concrete, care being taken to
BEAM AND COLUMN LAYOUT -LEVEL +8400
prevent excessive evaporation of water or surface carbonation by the products of combustion;
e) using heated formwork panels, precautions being taken to prevent excessive evaporation of water
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Concreting in hot weather BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600
6 6
In hot weather special precautions may be necessary to avoid the loss of moisture and/or rapid stiffening
of the concrete which prevents its proper compaction. High temperatures and loss of moisture after
compaction can cause thermal and plastic cracking and a reduction in strength and durability.
Guidance on the selection of materials and specifying concrete for work in hot weather is given in A.9.3
of BS 8500-1:2006a.
At the time of placing no part of the concrete should have a temperature exceeding 30 "C, unless it can be
demonstrated that a higher temperature will not have any detrimental effects on the concrete.
The temperature of the concrete can be reduced by cooling the water and aggregate; the temperature of the

BM
0
60

cement is less important although the use of warin cement is best avoided.
0X

30
Particular attention should be given to placing, compacting and protecting the concrete as soon as possible

0X
30

60
after mixing. To prevent moisture loss from the concrete, the curing of surfaces not protected by forms
BM

0
should commence immediately after compaction. If the surface is not to be marked, it is best to provide the
initial curing with sheets of impervious material, preferably pigmented to reflect radiation, supported
away from the surface and fastened at the edges to prevent droughts.
6.2.6 Formwork
6.2.6.1Design and construction
The design and construction of formwork should take account of safety and of the surface finish required.
The formwork should be sufficiently rigid and tight to prevent loss of grout or mortar from the fresh
concrete. Consideration should be given to the need to nominate a falsework coordinator whose duties
would be similar to those outlined in BS 5975.
BM

0
70
Formwork and its supports should maintain their correct position and be to correct shape and profile so

0X
30

that the final concrete structure is within the limits of the dimensional tolerances specified. They should
0X

30
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70

BM
be designed to withstand the worst combination of self-weight, reinforcement weight, wet concrete weight,
BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600 BM 300X600
0

concrete pressure, construction and wind loads, together with all incidental dynamic effects caused by 5 5
placing, vibrating and compacting the concrete. Guidance on these loadings is given in The Concrete
Society Manual Formwork-Guide to good practiceg),and in CIRIA Report 108, Concrete Pressure on
Formwork,10)and in BS 5975.
Before permanent formwork is used in the structure, its durability and compatibility with adjoining
concrete should be established. It should be properly anchored to the concrete.
Formwork spacers left in-situ should not impair the desired appearance or durability of the structure,
BM 300X600

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BM 300X700

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e.g. by causing spalling, rust staining or allowing the passage of moisture. Recommendations for spacers
are given in 7.3. BM 300X700
The formwork should be capable of being dismantled and removed from the cast concrete without shock,
disturbance or damage. Where necessary, the arrangement should be such that the soffit form, properly
J & J INC CIVIL/STRUCTURAL
supported on props, can be retained in position for such period as may be required to achieve the required
strength and satisfy the specification. If the component is to be prestressed whilst still resting on the soffit
form, provision should be made to allow for elastic deformation and any variation in mass distribution.
ENGINEERING CONSULTING
SERVICES
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BM 300X700 COL 300X550

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4 4 DESIGNED BY :KALEMBE ENOCH(R.ENG)

DRAWING BY :KALEMBE ENOCH(R.ENG)

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Cleaning and treatment of forms

Rubbish should be removed from the interior of the forms before the concrete is placed. The faces of the
forms in contact with the concrete should be clean and treated with a suitable release agent, where CHECKED BY :MOYO CHARLES
applicable. BM 300X700
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Release agents should be applied so as to provide a thin uniform coating to the forms without
contaminating the reinforcement. BM 300X700 BM 300X700 BM 300X700 BM 300X700 BM 300X700 BM 300X700 BM 300X700 BM 300X700
3 3
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2 2
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1 1

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