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PROMPT Notes

Prompts are forms of assistance provided to learners to help them respond correctly, including instructions, gestures, and demonstrations. There are various types of prompts, such as response prompts (full physical, verbal, model, gesture) and stimulus prompts (positional, redundancy, movement). Proper fading of prompts is essential to prevent prompt dependency, where learners rely on assistance instead of performing the target behavior independently.

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44 views17 pages

PROMPT Notes

Prompts are forms of assistance provided to learners to help them respond correctly, including instructions, gestures, and demonstrations. There are various types of prompts, such as response prompts (full physical, verbal, model, gesture) and stimulus prompts (positional, redundancy, movement). Proper fading of prompts is essential to prevent prompt dependency, where learners rely on assistance instead of performing the target behavior independently.

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Aasiya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What are Prompts

● A prompt is providing assistance to the learner to evoke the correct response.


● Prompts are instructions, gestures, demonstrations, touches, or other
things that we arrange or do to increase the likelihood that children will
make correct responses. In other words, it is a specific form of assistance
given by an adult before or as the learner attempts to use a skill.
● Prompts are antecedent stimuli
Types of Prompt
● Response Prompt
● Stimulus prompt
Response Prompt

Prompts are presented in addition to the instruction or cue to evoke


correct responding.
Types of Response Prompt

● Full Physical Prompt


● Partial Physical Prompt
● Verbal Prompt
● Model Prompt
● Gesture Prompt
● Visual Prompt
Physical Prompt

" Therapist provides complete assistance and movement to produce the


target behavior

" Therapist physically guides the learners hands until the response
is completed
" This is an intrusive, but effective prompt
" i.e. hand washing, clap hands
Physical Prompt
Therapist provides complete assistance and movement to produce the target
behavior
Therapist physically guides the learners hands until the response is completed
It’s an effective prompt for learner with poor imitation skills
i.e. hand washing, clap hands
A physical prompt includes physically guiding or touching the toddler to help him/her use the
target behavior or skill (e.g. tapping a toddler’s hand which is already on the toy car to cue him to
push the car). Physical prompts are used when the toddler does not respond to less restrictive
prompts (e.g., modeling, verbal, visual). Physical prompting is useful when teaching motor
behaviors
Visual Prompt
An person may use a visual schedule to prompt the learner through a series of steps.
An person may use a visual schedule to prompt the learner through a series of steps.
A visual prompt includes pictures, photographs, or objects that provide the toddler with
information about how to use the target skill or behavior (e.g., a washcloth or a picture of
a washcloth as the cue to pick up the washcloth to wash face).
Visual prompts are often incorporated into activities to help toddlers with ASD acquire
target skills. For example, adults may show the toddler a photo or drawing with an
example of a correctly completed Duplo structure. Visual prompts can be used to teach a
wide variety of skills, including play activities and daily routines. When using visual
prompts, it is important to identify supports that are developmentally and age
appropriate for individual toddlers with ASD. For example, adults would not want to use
pictures if the toddler does not yet have the ability to understand that a picture or
drawing represents a real object.
Model Prompt

Model prompts show the child what to do (can be performed by an


adult or peer)
1. Can happen live and in‐the‐moment – this is called live or in vivo modeling

2. Video modeling
A model prompt includes either performing the target skill for the toddler or showing the toddler what to
do (e.g., pushing the car on the “road”). When using model prompts, adults demonstrate or model, the
target skill. Modeling may be used to prompt discrete or chained skills
Verbal Prompt
A verbal prompt is any verbal assistance given that helps learner use target
skills correctly such as spoken words, signs, or statements.
A verbal prompt is any verbal assistance given that helps learner use target skills
correctly such as spoken words, signs, or statements.
A verbal prompt is any verbal assistance given that helps toddlers use target
skills correctly such as spoken words, signs, or statements. A verbal prompt
includes hints, a clue, or a direction and range in intensity level from least to
most restrictive. For example, providing a direction is more restrictive than
providing a hint about how to identify the object.
Gesture Prompt

Using a gesture or any type of action the learner can observe the
instructor doing, such as pointing, reaching, or nodding, to give
information about the correct response.
Gesture Prompt

The therapist give a gesture Prompt Towards the object by pointing


, tapping or nodding
Stimulus Prompt

Stimulus prompts are implemented when the presentation


of the instruction or cue is manipulated and will occur
concurrently within the stimuli.
Types of Stimulus Prompt
Positional Prompt -Positional prompts arrange items in a position that increases an
accurate response.

Redundancy Prompt - Redundancy cue occur when one or more stimulus or


responses dimensions (color, size,shape) are paired with the correct choice

Movement Prompt-Touch, Point or tap


Issues with Prompt

Children with autism need prompts to learn new behaviors.


" However, if these prompts are not faded correctly
children will become prompt dependent.
" A prompt dependent learner is unable to produce the
target behavior without assistance and relies on the adult.
The learner is attending to the prompt and not the target
response.
Fading Prompts

Graduated Guidance
" This is when the practitioner prompts when needed only
" You follow the learner closely but without touching them unless they
need your help
Most to Least Prompts
Most to least prompts

" This is when a practitioner provides the most amount of prompting and then gradually fades.
" i.e. from a hand over hand prompts to a gestural prompt.
Least to most Prompt
Least to most prompts

" This is when the practitioner gives the learner the opportunity to attempt the skill without help and then gradually
increases the level of prompting.
" i.e. prompting the elbow then gradually increase the prompt to hand over hand as more errors occur.

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